LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE No. 2, "18 n DATE.rZr.JSSS, souRCE_MH_WAicier. I.3n - Je ^i^^^:^:^/^ '"^.^f^r^-^ S" ^^.y ^^. ^>^ ^ V-v-^ June 28, 1879. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE ^ WinMv MmiYtiitti fournnl OF Horticulture and Allied Subjects. VOL XI.-NEW SERIES. JANUARY TO JUNE, 1879. LONDON: 41, WELLINGTON STREET, COVENT GAEDEN, W.C. 1879. LONDON : BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., PRINTERS, WHITEFRIARS. The Gardeners* Chronicle. J [June 28, 1879. I OF / JANUARY TO JUNE, 1879. Abutilox Daiwiiiii tessellatiim, 652 Acacia platypten, 406 Academy, the Royal, notes from, 685 Acid fruits, 306 Acineta sulcata, 652 Adelges abietis, 248 Adiautum bellum, 172 ; A. farleyense var. alcicorne, 503 ; A. graciUimum, 506 • A. graciUimum as a greenliouso Fern, 662 Adonis vernalis, 566 ; A. vernalis major, 620, 662 ; A. vernalis and A. pyrenaica, 695 .ii^'amea Maria: Regina;, 305 .•EAmea, the genus, 724 ^ichynomene asp.ra, 637 Agave, lateral inflorescences of, 50 Age, effects of, oa fertility, 569 Ageratum Zulu King ! 623 Air temperature, Mr. J. K. I^oughton oa, SI Alabamt, the foreits of, 604 .'\lchemilla vulgaris, pecuUar dislribution of. 339 Algiers, Oued el Kalia, 592, 654 Aloysia citriodora as grown at Ashridge, 302 .Alpine flowers at York, 566 iMsace, game laws in, 592 Alternanthera atroparpurea, 784 .Vlton Towers, Calanthe Veitchii at, 116 .\maryllis, 502 ; A. Mrs. Baker, 411 ; A. Mrs. Morgan, 636 ; A. Dr. itasters, 86 ; A. Duke of Connaught, 474 ; A. Virgil, 345 ,\maryllis, prizes for, 306 Amateur gardeners' councillors, 210 American Canvillias, 406, 439 American markets, early vegetables for, the, 470 .\merican Peach prospects, 503 .American plants at Knap Hill, the, 781 Anterican Pomological Society, the, 759 American progress, 598 .\miricar. Spruces, Dr. Engelmann on the, 334, 409 ^ m-rica. Tomato preserving in, 637 .\micia zygomeris, 178 .\nnectochili at hom3, 631 Andaman. Marble-wood, 630 .■\n-nione, 695; A. (Hepatica) angulosa,- 3 13. 376 ' •^' Pulsatilla, 341 ; oa the culture of the, 12 .\aimals and plants, 661 .\nona Cherimolia in Italy, 598 .\ntennaria plantaginifolia, 7S4 .■\nthurium Scher/erianuni, 534. 630 .\nts, 695 ; criclceti, and cockroaches, 40; ; how to destroy, 181, 697, 733, 7J3 i in an Orchid-house. 664 ; Peac!i blossoms destroyed by, 212, 245 .\r'r.\RV : — Early swarming, 754, 7^6 ; notes for June, 722 ; spring work, 336 : winter managemjnt, 14 .\picra and Haworthia, a cl.issified list of, 717 .\ponogeton Hildebrandtii, no, 146 .\pple,agood late-keeping, 600; tlie B.ild- win, 275 : the Dieu, 440 .\pple crop, the, 819 Apples, F"rencli, 275 .\pricots, the sl.aughter of the, 793, 820 Aquilegia arctica, 503 .■\ralias for t.able decoration, 471 .\raucaria e.xcelsa. 407 ; imbricata. 458 -\raucaria at Bicton, the niDncecious, 470 : at Feltham, the, 277 .\rboretum. Prof. C S. .Sargent on form- ing an, 140 .\rbutes, the, 23 .\rcca Alicce, 760 ; A. sapidi, fruiting of, 441 .\renga saccharifera, 309 .\risa;ma nepenthoides, 407 ; note on the genus, 789 Aristolochia promissa, 494 Arnebia echioides, 636, 689 Arnott Hill, Orchids at, 343 Aroid, a new Bornean, 138 .Artificial flower-makers, 3o5 An in the garden, 556, 539, 728 Arum macula turn, 730 ■\rundo5 and Pampas-gr.ass, 794^ .\sh, on the disease of the, 182, aoS .\sia. Central, Russian explorations in, i3 .-\spar.tgus plumosus, 538 Asparagus sown under glass and trans- planted, 730 .\stilbe barbata, 438, 504 Auricula, the, 434, 553, 561 .-Vuricula .\cme, 663 .\uricula Society, the National, 532 -Auriculas, as decorative plants, 632 ; at Manchester, 601 ; during and alter frost, 114; notes on, 141, 539, 594; properties and qualities of, 666, 697, 729 ; what to avoid, 561 Australia, International .Exhibition in, 500 ; forest resources of Western, 790 Autumn-planting evergreens, 245 .Azalea indica Duke of Connaught, 411 ; Empress of India, 3 jg Azalea mollis, Comte de Gomer. 636 .Azalea pontica var. narcissiflora, 568, 636 Azaleas, Indian, early flowering, 473 .Afale.as, young, oa planting out, 739 Azara microphylla, 340 Azorean Tea, 567, 631 B B.\ck:house'.s, Messrs., nursery, 8r2 Bagshot Rhododendrons, the, 628 Balfour. Prof., presentation ot a testi- monial to. 17 Btlsamodendron Myrrha. 470 Bambjas, 180 ; on the cultivation of, 50 ; for paper-making, 331 Bamboo shading, the new, 805 Basket plants, two good, 796 Bath and West of England Society's Show, 724 Beadon, the Rev. Canon, death of, 766 Bean, OsbDrn's forcing, 441 Bedding plants, 5^6 ; h.trdening off, 634 ; summer, 303 Bees and bee-keeping, 598 Bees, and fruit blossoms, 408 ; and their produce, 726 ; as fertilising agents, 138, 204, 218 ; the utility of, 564 Beetle injurious to Cocoa P.tlms, 85 Be.-des in the Severn in 1574, 569 Beet, the sugar, 433 Bigonia Comtesse H. de Choiseul, 636 ; B. Nellie May, 19. 752 ; B. Roezlii, S33 ; B. Sedeni, 636 B.'lvoir Castle, the frost at, 83 ; spring gardening at, 569, 814 B-Mtham, Mr., hoaours conferred on, 694 Bequests to gardeners, 342 B.-rberis Darwinii, 6d2 ; B. stenophylla, 664, 788 B_-rkeley. the Rev. M. J., F.R.S., with portrait, 788 Birkhimpsted Muscats, the. 502 Berried plants for winter decoration, 11 Bicton, the monoecious Ar.tucaria at, 470 Bifrenaria H.tnisania: Euchaniana, 430 Bignonia venusta, 274 Billion, a, 784 Birds and fruit trees, 213 ; and GoDse- berry crops, 507 ; and the fruit-buds, 84, IIS, ISO Birds from New Guinea, 502 Bird scarer, the " Infallible," 149 Blights, fungus, how to deal witli, 400 Bog land, draining, 477 Boilers and pipes lor hothouses, 6j2 Boiler, what shall we use, 408 BolbophylUun Beccarii, 374 ; B. minu- lissimum, 789; B. niDnilcforme. 55 Bolus, Mr. H., on the dislribution of Sotith African plants, 4 1 Books Noticed : — .Andre's .Art in the (Jarden, 556, 589 ; Asa Gray's Botanical Text-Book, 753 ; Bentham and Hooker's Genera Plantarum, 816 ; Boulart's Or- nithologie du Salon, 336 ; Britten and Gower's Orchids for .Amateurs, 370 ; Brown's The Forests of Nortliern Europe, 754 ; Clark's Fuel : its Com- bustion and Economy, 402; D.^Jubain- ville and Vesque, The Diseases of Culti- vated Pl.ants, 498 ; Dickens' Dictionary of London, 753 ; D'Ombrain's Ro- sarians' Vear-Book, 238 ; Dybdahl on Kitchen Gardening, 754 ; Familiar Wild Flowers, 336 ; Field's Memoirs of thJ Botanic Garden at Chelsea (ed, Semple), 56 ; I'isli's Bulbs and Bulb Culture 336 ; Flower Lore : the Teach- ings of Flowers &-c., 336 ; Ville's Artificial Manures, their Chemical Selection, and Scientific .Application to Agriculture, 689 ; Gevaert's Sur la Structure et les Modes de Fecondation des Fleurs, 603 ; Glenny's Kitchen Gardening made Easy, 466 ; Greenhouse Favourites, 7S4 ; Hooker's Icones Plantarum, 238 ; Journal of the Linnean Society, 78 ; Journal of the Royal Horticultural So- ciety, 78 ; Le Breton's -A Travers Champs, 302 ; Leighton's Lichen Flora of Gre.at Britain, &c., 238; Les Insectes, 336 ; Meehan's Native Flowers and Fernsol the United States, 142; Mid- land Naturalist, the, 78 ; Midler's (Ba- ron) Forests of Western Australia, 790, Mycographia sen Icones Fungorum, 530; Notes of Observations on Injurious In- sects, 26s ; Paul's Rose Annual, no ; Pink's Potatos : How to Grow and Sho.vThem, 302 ; Revue Mycologique, 142 ; Routlcdge's Bamboo and its Treatment, 331 ; .Smith's .Adam Spade the Gardener, 142 ; Soubeiran's Ele- ments de Matiere Mi5dicale, 498 ; Sou- beiran's Traite de Botanique Elemen- taire, 498 ; .Soubeiran's 'Traite de Minenalogie, 370 ; The Pleasures and Profits of our Little Poultry Farm, 466 ; Todaro's Relazione suUa Cviltura del Cotoni, no ; Zurcher and MargoUe's Le Monde Sidiral, 402 Bor.ages and their allies, 563 Borneo, Ferns from the North of, 177 Borneo, the Pitcher-plants of, 2i Bjscobel O.tk, the, 21 Bjston, Mass., notes from, 731 Botanic Gardens, Bath, Jamaica, 508 ; Edinburgh, 335 ; P.ilermo, the aqua- rium in the, 20S ; the Palm walk in the, T77 ; Sydney, 400 ; Wellington, .\ew Zealand. 796 Botanical Certificates, 404, 439, 468 Botanical appointments, 695 Bot.anical diagrams, 535, 693 Botany class, ladies'. 502 Botany, economic, popular errors in, 633 ; prizes in, for young women, 502 Botanische Zeitung, the, 146 Bottom-heat, 203, 300 ; in plant culture, 73. 105 Bougainvilleas on snigle stems, 441 Boulton & Paul's combined fowl-house and aviary, &c. , 17 Bouquets, tropical, 242 Boussingault, M. Jean Baptist?, memoir and portrait of, 45 Boussingaultia b.aselloides, hardiness of, 503 Bouvardias, a disease in, caused by an Alga, .Anabaina, 338 British Guiana, the Kaieteur Fall, 122 British Museum, the, 243 Broccoli, h.ardiness of, 309, 343, 409, 441, Broccoli, hardy varieties of, 277 ; Veitch s Self-protecting, 213 Brownea Azara, 725 ; grandiceps, 470 Bruchus granarius, 310 Brussels Sprouts and Early Cabbage, 170 Brussels Sprouts, the rival, 210, 276 Bulbophyllum Beccarii, 41 Bulbous plants, new and rare, 397 ; on the treatment of, 212 Bunyard, failure of Messrs., 406 Burbidgea nitida, 752 Burghley, gardening at, 399 BuUer's Court, 137 C.\BB.\OF„ early, and Brussels Sprouts, 170 Cabbages, the value of, 727 Cactuses, M. Courant's, 178 Calanthes in shallow pans and pots. 309 Calanthe Veitchii at .Alton Towers, 116 Calceolaria, the, 722, 795 ; at Langport, 760 Calceolaria Crystal Palace, 816 California raisins, 82 California, the " Taro " plant in, 210; the winter in, 146 Calla cethiopica, 696 Callirhoe involucrata, 732 Callixene erecta, 662 Calypso borealis, 302 Camassia Leichtlinii, 738 Camellia, a miniature flowered, 374, 433 CameUia Ceres, 469 ; C. H. Hovey and Mrs. Hovey, 411 ; C. Lady Hume's Blush, 82 ; C. rosreflora, 406 ; C. Triomphe de F'lorence, 213 Camellia, hardiness of the, 369, 600 Camellia, a miniature white, 374, 433 Camellias, American, 406, 439 Camellias and Camellia culture, by Mr. William Paul : the botany of the Camellia, 461 ; its history, 462 ; the floriculture of the Camellia, 493 I general remarks on cultiva- tion, 324 ; on propagation, 523 ; on their growth in pots and tubs, 337 ; pruning, 538 ; on planting out and cultivating in conservatories, 558 ; on forcing, 393 ; on renovation of debili- tated and unsighdy plants, 593 ; descriptive list of the best varieties, 656, 687 Camellias at Dalkeith, 343 ; at Gunners- bury House, 438 : at Kew, 631 ; at Tredrea, 212 ; at Walton Lea, 536 Camellias, blue, 373 ; early, 247 ; planted out zr. in pots, 308 ; sporting of, 441, 472. 50s Campanula rotundifoha, 732 Camphor, production of, in China, 243 Campi Elysii. the ten last parts of, 241 Camptopus Mannii, 631 Canadian notes, 238, 603 Canary creeper, &c. , 663 Canterbury Rose Club, 304 Canton, culture of the Jasmine at, 114 Caoutchouc, imports of, in 1878, 604 Cape Town : Musa Ensete, 603 Cardamine pratensis, 632 Cardinal Haynald, 660 Carex Gr.ayi and C. pendula, 784 Carlisle, the Knowefield .N'urseries at, 495 Carnations and Picotees, 141 ; effects of the winter on, 626 ; phenomena in the cultivation of, 53 Carnations, tree, 174, 341 : dressing, 117 Carob Bean brandy, on the manufacture and use of, 24 Carpet bedding two centuries ago, 340 Carpinus Betulus var. quercifoha. 716 Carrots, M. Spach's classification of, 750 Cassia fistulosa washed up on the East Coast of Yorkshire, 662 Cassia lignea, 242 (■asu.arina snmatrana, 440 Cattle poisoning by Yew, 404, 333, 367 Cattleya Mendelii, 233 ; x C. Mitchelli, 732 ; C. Skinneri, 180 ; C. Skinneri alba, 660 ; C Triana; at Burton Hall, 84 ; C. Trianre Dodgsoni, 406 ; C. Trianac Hardyana, 366 Celery culture at (Jlay worth, 332 Celery, which is the best, 84, 149 Centaurea Cyanus, 80 Central Nevada, on the forests of, 782 Cereus tuberosus, 739 Certificates, botanical, 404 Ceylon, the produce of, 140 ; Tea, Coffee, and Cinchona in, 788 Chamajcyparis nulkaensis, 360 Chamoepeuce di.acantha, 397 Chamai-rops e.xcelsa or Fortunei, 308, 632 Champion Potato, presentation to the raiser of the, 82 Charcoal stove, a cheap, 633 IV Th« Gardeners' Chronicle. ) INDEX. [June 28. 1879. Cherries, Morello, on wired walls, u6 Cliiinonaiitlnis fragrans, 83 China, jirotlnclion of camphor in, 243 ; slr.iw plait from, 114; the '^'!\ trade of, 369 Chinese Ijolanicil literature. 369 Chinese hats, European trade in, 114 Chinese method of raising weeping trees, 790 Chinese Primulas, 374 Chionodoxa discussion, the, 404, 471 Chionodo\a Korbesii, 439, 468 ; C. I-uci- >ia-, 339. 375. 474 Chiswick, grafting experiments at, 632 ; the new rockery at, 375 Christmas Koses in pots, 210 Chrysanthemums, 120; experiments in the culture of, 37O ; when to propagate, 22 Church, Professor, proposed testimonial to, 273, 338 ; and the Royal Agrieul- cullural College, 373 Churchyards, Vmes planted in, ii3 Cibotiums, the Sandwich Islands. 430, •>94 ^ , Cibotium Chamissoi, 495 ; C. glaiicum, 494 ; C. .\Ienzicsii, 430 ; C. prninatum, 43 < ( !igar trade of C uba. the, 662 ("inchona in India, 622 Cineraria, the (witli coloured jjlate), 532 Cinerarias, 470 ; double, 506 ; from seed, 506, 537 : new, 411 ; the Isleworth, 468 C'irrhopetalum Makoyanum, 234 Citrus, the genus, and the Italian Govern- ment, 242 Clay, action of frost on, 345 Clayworth, Celery culture at, 332 ( 'lematis verticillaris, 726 ; WiUisoni, 665 Clim.Ue, inlliieuce of forests on, 335 Clover, Japanese, 662 ; Mexican, 660 ("nicus altissimus, 436 Cobham, the rainfall at. 247 Cobs and Filberts. Kent, 605 Cockroaches, .Ants and C'ricliets, 407 Cocoa-nut beetle, the. 215 Cocoa-nut husks, i3i ; for Orchid growing, 212 Coelogyne, a distinct and beautiful, 374 ; C. cristata, 246 ; C. cristata alba, 376 ; C'. ocellata maxima, 474, 524 Coflea liberiea, 369, 243, 630 Coffee in Ceylon, 88 ; in Costa Rica, 79T : in M)sore and Ceylon, 564 Coftee leaf disease, Mr. Morris' experi- ments on the. 564 Colchicaceo:, Mr. B.aker on the, 113 Coleus, new varieties of, 748, 793 Colorado beetle, the, 694 Colour in leaves and the sunlight, 564 Columbine, a stellate. 761 Combe Abbey G.ardens, plants in (losver at. 204 Combe Cottage, Orchids at, 30G Combinations, chance, 559 COM.MITIEE, the Scientific, of the Royal Horticultural Society ; suljjccts brought before tiic : — .\sh, disease in, 216 ; Ccrcis siliquastrum, curved twigs of, 700 ; Chionodoxa I.ucili;e, 474 ; cl.ay, action of frost on, 344 ; Cjcoa Palms, beetle injurious to, 86, 215 ; fasciated Ruscus. 410 ; Fischeria, fruit of. 344 ; fruit blossoms and the frost, 700 : fungus on a (iowcr-bed, 636 ; (ialium sp. , g.alls on the leaves of, 410; Hyme- nocallis macrostephana, 474 ; Iris, insects injurious to, 86; meal on Auri- cula leaves, 636, 700 ; .\Iistleto, andro- gynous, 344 ; Narcissus 'I'azetta var. aureus. 86 ; Orchis latifolia, pollinia of.' 763; Oryctes monoceras, 215; Passi- flor.i, excrescence from, 344 ; I'entlandia mini.ita, 215 ; ])lants exhibited, 86, 216, 344. 410, 474, 635, 700; Primroses, monstrous, 700 ; Ranunculus auricomus 763; Robinia, dise.tse in the stem of a ^344 ; root-hairs, 700 ; Salep, 635 ; Taxodium sempsrvircns, excrescence from the root of. 344; vegetable ivory, 636 ; vegetable remains from gmvel, 86, 344 ; Willows, ch.ingeof sex in, 763 Commercial statistics, 275 Comoro Palm, the. 406 Comparcltia macropleclron, 398 Compensation case : Carter 7'. The Metropolitan District Railw.ay. 375 Composts for pot-grown plants, 240 Cones, a new use for, 306 ( onfirmation fruit trees. 748 Congress, jiroposcd horticultural and botanical, at Brussels, 661 Coniferine and \*anilline, 115 Conifers, concentric rings in, 306 ; excres- cences on the stems of, 404 ; excres- cences from the roots of, 503 ; new miniature, 82 ; pruning of, 358 Conservatories, damage done to, by snow 274. 343 C onservatory. how to heat a small, 246 Conservatory w.iUs, a hybrid Pelargonium for, 630 Continental horticultural exhibitions, 724 Convolvuli.-e:v. Mexican. 48 Coorongite in South Auuralia, 240 Coppice managenient, 85 Coptis orientalis, 338 Corbet, .Mr. Henry, death of, 57 Cork O.ik, the old. at Kulh.im P.dace, >44 Cornllower, the, 80 Cornw.all, a plague of weevils in, 628 ; the early Potato crop in, 502 Corsia ornata, 170 Corylus .Vvell.ana pendula, 114 Costa Rica, Coffee cidtivation in. 791 Cotton reels, how they are made, 601 CoveiU Garden flower market, 275 Cow tree, the. 114, 148 ( "ranberries at home, 307 Cranston's Nurseries, king's Acre. 726 Crassulace;t, tlie inflorescence of, 274 Creepers, cutting .and training, 87 Cress, on the roo -growth of. 782 Crinum Macowani, 636 Croci, notes on new, 234 Crocuses in the wild garden, 660 Crocus aluppicus, 234 ; C. B,alans.T?, 234 ; C. Boryi, 235 ; C. cilieieus, 235 ; C. etruscus, 235 ; C. karduckharum, 235 ; C. Kirkii, 234 ; C. nudiflorus, 235 ; C. Orsinii, 234 ; C. Pallasii. 235 ; C. pclo- poniiesLxcus, 235 ; C. sativus, 341 ; C. vilellinus, 234 Crops and ground, evaporation of water from, 630 Crops, early, 440 Crotons, 568 ; for winter use, 508 Croton albicans, 411 ; C. glandulosus, 84 ; C. Williamsii, 411 Crystal Palace Company as nurserymen, 599 Crystal Palace, gardenmg at the, 569 ; resignation of the garden superintend- ent at the, 534 Cuba, sugar in, 341 ; the cigar trade of, 662 Cuckoo and nightingale, arrival of the, 567 Cuckoo flower, the double-flowered, 632 Cucumber disease, the, 277 Cucumber growing on a large scale, 502 Cucumbers, curious scale on, 504 ; tape- worm in, 306 Culford Vine sport, the, 2r, 147 Cultivation as a test of species, 240 Cupressus Lawsoniana or Chamn^cyparis Boursierii, 726 Currant trade of Patras, the. 789 Cuttings, improved method of striking, 376 Cyclamens at Ealing Dean, 340 Cyclamen persicum Crimson King, 345 ; (.). Duke of Connaught, 411 ; C. Queen of the Belgians, 411 ; C. pieturatum. 3 15 : C. Reading Gem, 86 ; C. Gem, 411 Cymbidium Lowianiim, 332, 345. 404, '472 Cyperus, ornamental species of, 784 Cyphokentia macrocarpa, 216 Cypress, Pryal's golden, 146 Cypripedium Ainswortiiii, 748 ; C. Cal- ceolus. 630, 812 ; C. Calceolus and spectabile. 398, 665, 761 Cytisus Ardouini, 727 ; C. Laburnum, poisonous properties of, 568 ; C. supl- nus, 694 Daffodils, 567 ; double, 472 ; the wild, 376 Dahlias, notes on, 476 ; single, 7S4 Daisies, 633 Dale, Mr. Joseph, death of. 20, 179 Dalkeith, tlie Camellias at, 343 Damsons, unfruitful, 84, ir6 Dangstein. the gardens at, 74 ; the sale at, 789 Daphne Blagayana, 502 ; D. japjnica variegata, 503 D.irwinia tulipifera. 784 Datura (Brugmansia) arborea. 143 Davallia M,ariesii, 345 ; D. Moorcaiia, 406 Davcnham Park. Orchids at, 373 Davidsonia pruriens, 411 D.iwson, Mr. .A., death of, 120 De Bary, M. .Anton, with jwrtrait, 237 Dendrobium Brymerianum, 438, 475 ; D. Cambridgeanum, 50, ; D. chrysantiuini niicrophthalnmm. 366 ; D, crassinode v.ir, album, 376, 474; D. Kaleoneri, 758 : D. leucochlorum. 202 ; D. micans. 332 ; D. nobile, 180, 507, 564 ; D. rhodostoma. 636 ; D. Smiljiiv. 106 ; D. splendidissimum, 298 ; D. Wardia- num at Ormiston House. 308 Derbyshire, spring gardening in, 696 Deulzia gracihs in small pots, 504 Di.igrams, botanical, 535, 695 Dianthus, hardy, 820 Dicksonia antarctica, 758 Digging and trenching, 87 Directory, the Horticultural. $63 Diseases, of Hyacinths, on the, 43 ; roots of Rubiace.Te, 535 ; in Bouvardia, 338 Donn's Hortus Cantabrigiensis, 441 Doronicum caucasicum, 5O5 Dracxna schizantha, 146 Dracunculus vulgaris, insects in the spathe of, 599 Draining bog land, 477 Dressing flcrists' flowers, 204 Drosera longifolia and D. rotun Kent, 566 ; in Vdrksliire, 567 I'ruit plantations, the Kentish, 598 Kniit trade in the City, 8i3 Fruit trees and birds, 213 F^ruit trees, confirmation, 748 ; flow of the sap in, 308 : protection of, 408, 441 Fruits, acid, 306 Fruits, the new, of 1878, 51 Fruits, tropical, 683, 728 Fuel, cost of, in nurseries, in winter, 407 F'uel, economy of. in horticultur.il estab- lishments. 749 I'"ulham Nurseries, herbaceous plants in the, 796 Fulham Palace, the Black Walnut at, 373 : the old Cork Oak at, 144 ; the old Robinia at, 112 Fumigating machines, 407 Fungus blights, how to deal with, 400 F'ungus on Maples, 341 F'ungus spores, vitality of. 662 Fusion of two flowers, 275 G.\L.\NTIIUS, 309; G. Elwesii, 236: G. Imperati, 237 ,■ G. laiifolius, 237 ; G June ^S, 1879.] INDEX. [The Gardeners' Chronicle. V nivalis, 237 ; G. nivalis var. Melvillei, 41 r : G. nivalis var. Shaylo:;lvii, 276, 342 ; G. plicatus, 236 Galloway, Mr. G., death ot, 183, 247 Game covert, Rhododendrons as, 51 Game laws in .\lsacc. 592 Garaway, Messrs., presentation to, 40*5 Garden, art in the, 556, 589, 728 Garden lore. 299 Garden, lost and saved in a lady's (Mid- land Counties). 664 Garden, old favourites in the, 53 ^ Garden plans, 528, 624, 664 Garden reel, a good, 697 Garden structure, a novel, 16 Garden tools in Russia, 657 Gardens, tropical, 523 Garden walls, on wiring, 52 Gardens, economical, for Londoners, 341, 374 Gardens, piiblic, iu crowded localities, 436 , . . Gardeners, bequests to, 342 ; classihca- tionof, for exhibition purposes, 177,245: on tile education of, 463, 496, 527 ; lodges for young, 54 Gaitlener, presentation to a, 567, 758 Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution, 816, 819 Gardeners, villa, suggestions to, 531 Gardening at the Crystal P.xlaoe, 569 ; at Saigon, 341 ; in the west-end parks, 758 ; landscape, 438 ; spring, in Derby- shire, 695 Gardenias, 567, 602 ; in small pots, 309, 342 Gardenia Fortunei, hardiness of, 244 Garrya Fremonti, 343 Germ.any, an antediluvian forest disco- vered in, 177 ; forcing Howers in, 243 ; free trade in, 81 Gesnera oblongata, 49 Glasnevin, Orchids in flDwer at, 375 ; Pitcher-plants at, 689 Gleichenia dic.arpa longipinnata, 411, 781 Glendower's Oal< at Shelton, 464 Gloire de Dijon, flower of, on Mareclial Nicl, 662 Gloxinia, Mrs. Bause, 538 Goldie. Mr., travels in New Guinea, 597 ; Gooseberry and Currant bushes, and tlie birds, i3 : destruction of the buds of, 55 : protection of, 115 Gooseberry crops, birds and the, 537 Gooseberry trees, standard, 242 Gorse, double-flowered, 730, 763, 793 Grafting, on, 365 ; experiments at Chis- wicii, 632 : natural, 112 Grafting old \'ines, 106 Grape culture at Henbury Hill, 625 Grape, Golden Champion, 211 ; Gros Colmar, 54 Cirape wine in England, 662 (irapes, bottling, 341 Grapes, large bunches of, 756 ; on the change of colour in, 338 ; setting, 651, 762, 795 ; tlie influence of light on tlie ripening of, 14 [ Grasmere, Woodberry Dosvh, 693 Grass, a new forage, 407 Grass banks. Snowdrops on, 376 Grass, peculiar distribution of a, 339 Grasses and Sedges, list of ornamental, 734 Gray, Dr. A. , on the self-fertilisation of plants, 793 Greece, ancient trees and slnaibs of, 2|2 Greenhouse, arrangement of the interior of, 762, 793 Grisebach, deatli of Professor, 631 Grosvenor Gallery, the, 12, 591 Gulf States as a Tea country, the, 107 Gunnersbury House, Camellias at, 438 ; the Orchids at, 790 Gynerium saccliaroideuni, 470 Gymnothri.x latifolia, 784 H H.\D1)0 House, the gardens at, 299 Hammerfest, llie vegetation of, 727 Handicaps, Horticultural, 233 Hardening off bedding plants, 634 Hares, destruction of yonng wood liv, 14O Hawarden Castle, 619 Haworthia and Apicra, a classified list of, 717 Heaths, hardiness of, 601 Heating power, 119: errors in the ap- plication of, 80 Hebeclinum ianthinum, 275 Hedaroma tulipiferum, 784 Hedges, 697J management of, 475 ; quick, 244, 267, 304 ; in Russia, 274 ; plants for, 562 ; planting of, 635 Hc;dysarum humile, 695 Helenium tenuifolium, 752 Helix Pomatia, 570, 590 Hellebore powder, 697 Hellebores, a chapter on, 431 Helleborus niger var. major, 242 Henbury Hill, Grape culture at, 625; the Orchids at, 634, 729 Henderson, deith of Mr. .A., 637 Herbaceous plants at Fulham, 796 ; at Manchester, effects of the frost on, 507 Hibiscus coccineus, 752 ; H. roseus, 752; II. rosa-sinensis schizopetalus, 538, 568 Hig^s, Mr. C. J., death of, 57 High Cliurch at the H jrlicullural, 441 Highways, our, 19 Hiniilayau Primulas, 374 ; Rhododen- drons, 731 Hinds, Mr. W., presentation to, 275 Hobbies in horticulture, 689 Hogs, destruction of plants by, 242 Hollyhock fungus, the origin of the, and how to destroy it, 209 Holmes, Mr. John, death of, 57 Holzneria Poschingeri, 48 Home, Orchids at, 429 Home prepared man n-e, Mr. Moule on. 108. 140 H :ing Kong, the Eucalyptus in, 662 Hop-growers, good news for, 472 Hornbeam, tlie cut-leaved, 716 Horses drawing mowing machiues, b?ar- ing reins to, 762 Horticultural and BDtanicil Congress at Brussels, 661 Horticultural Club, the, 113, 375 llorticultur.rl Directory, the, 568, 6oo Horticultural establishments, economy of fuel in, 749 Horticultural e.\hibitions, the payment of judges at, 506 Horticultural handicaps, 233 Horticultural report and fruit prospects, 473 Horticulture, hobbies in, 689 Horticulture in Japan, 242 Hortus EuropiEus, the formation of a. Hotbed frames, 341 Hothouses, boilers and pipes for, 602 ; Lord Petre's, 624 Hot-water apparatus, good and bad stoking, 116 House, hardy plants for the, 246 How to do it, 598 Humphreys, death of Mr. H. Noel, 766 Hjacinth, the, 434 ; a proliferous, 463 ; new certificated, 411 ; on the dise.tses of, 43 : something like a, 373 Hydrangea Thomas Hogg, 752 Hymenocallis macrostephana, 430, 474, S03. 535. 538, S70 Hypo.-cidacea", Mr. B.iker's synopsis of, ■792 Hypsilophora destructor, 299 InRRis, as a forcing-plant, th.», 502 Iberis semperfiorens, 242 Icicles, trees weighed down with, 604 Imperial corn averages, 17S Inarching, natural, 277 India, an exhibition in, 121 ; British, the Flora of, 695 ; Cinchona in, 622 Indian .\/.aleas, early flowering, 473 Indian forest appointments, 83 Indian Forester, the, 307 Indian plants adapted for commercial jiurposes, 374 Indian Rhododendrons in the open air, 440 Indigo in Salv.idor, 114 Insect, a new, found on Norlh .\merican Firs, 48 Insects, and Orchids, 760, 795 ; destruc- tio.i of, by frost, 933 ; exhibited in the .Mbert Memorial Museum at Bath, 724 ; injurious to Iris, 86 ; in the spatlie of Dracunculus vulgaris, 599 ; observ.i- tions on injurious, 265 ; the paraffia remedy fgr, 473 Insecticide, another, 54 International Exhibition''in .Australia, 500 Inventor's Record, the, 406 I)iverary, the weather at, 408 Ipomce'a decora, 755 ; leptophylla, 752 Ipsea speciosa, 345 Iris fimbriata, 114; I. iberica v.ir. insig- nis, 694 ; I. reticulata, 500 Iris, insects injurious to, 80 Iron and wire fencing, 561 Island of Ascension, the, 19 Isleworth Cinerarias, the, 468 Italian sugar refineries, 788 Italy, Anona Cherimolia in, 598 ; imp:ir- tation of living plants into, 81 Ivory, vegetable, 787, Ivy leaves, poisoning by, 599 Ivy seeds, raining, 477 J.\M.\ic.\ Botanic Gardens, Mr. Morris and the, 756 Jamaica : Orchids at home, 570 ; the old Botanic Gardens, 508 ; the Potosi Tobacco estate in, 603 Japan, fruit culture in, 115 ; horticulture in, 242 ; Primulas, 620 ; Clover, 652 ; Pears, 532 Japanese gardens, 796 Jasmine, culture of, in Canton, 114 John Frost, lines on, 499 " jack Frost," 695 Judges, on the payment of, 506 |une, frost in, 633 ; a Roseless, 793 K 1'Ci;nncdy, death of Right Hon. T. F., 442 Kensington Gardens, the trees in, 210 Kent Cobs and Filberts, 605 Kent, fruit prospects in, 566 ; Primroses in. 534 Kentish fruit plantations, the, 598 Kew Gardens, early opening of, 210, 338 ; the Economic Museums at, 795, 8ig ; Camellias at, 631 ; Orchids at, 179, 340 ; the boilers at, 82 ; the Palm-house at, 438 ; the Pinetum at, 566 ; the temperate-house at, 564 Kilburn, the Royal Agricultural Society's show at, 566 Kitchen garden plans, 528 Kl.aboch, Mr. F. , de.ath of, 304, 369 Knap Hill, the .\merican plants at, 781 Knowefield Nurseries, Carlisle, 495 Koch, Prof. Karl, death of, 694 Kubanka and Saxonica Wheat, experi- ments with, 652 L.VBIAT.K, the Portuguese, 369 Lachenalia, a proliferous, 502 Lachenalia pendula, 338 Ladder for the orchard, a, 8ig Ladies' botany class, 502 Laelia acuminata alba and L. anceps Dawsoni, 118; L. anceps alba, 11; L. flammea, 538 ; L. harpophylla, 407 ; L. pumila, 752 ; L. virens, 716 Lancashire garden, notes from a, 535, 590 Landscape gardening, 438 Langport Nurseries, Calceolarias at the, 760 Lantanas, 752, 762 Lapageria alba, hardiness o(, 599 Lapagerias and Solanums, 116 Lapagerias, hardiness of, 568 Lastrea marginalis var. cristata, 758 Lawns, 630 ; new and old, 472 Leaves and the sunlight, colour in. 564 Leaves, can they absorb water, 72^3 Legion of Honour, the, 532 Leguminous plants, nature and cause of the swellings on the roots of, 239 " Letter of the law," the, 340 Lettuce disease, M. Max Cornu on the, 146 Lettuces, winter, 307 L">ucojuni vernuni, 399 L'-vy, M., oa the influence of light, &c., 144 Liberian Coffee, 243, 630 Light and heat, action of, on plants, 727 Light, on the influence of, in the rip.ening of Grapes, 144 Ligustrum sinense latifolium robustum = L. luciduni, 18 Ligustrums, notes on, 22 Lilac alba grandiflora, 538 Lilium avenaceum, 752 ; L. concolor, 752 ; L. maritinium, 752 ; L. Maxim 3- wiczii, 7S2 : L. medeoloides, 752 ; L. nion.adelphuni, 753 ; L. nepilense, 753 ; L. o-xypetalum, 753 ; L. pardali- num, 753 ; L. Parryi, 753 ; L. tigrinuju flore-pleno, 342 Lily of the Valley, 246, 276 ; at Twickea- hani, 655 Limitodes labrosa, 202 Lime groves of Montseirat, 178 Linnean Society, the, 630, 695 Lip.rris tricallosa, 684 Liriodendron tulipifera, 23, 409, 440 471 Literature, Chinese b3t.anic.1l, 369 Livistona Maria?, 790 Loasa Wallisii, 753 Loch Kander, notes of a visit to, 23 Lodges, young gardener's, 54 London central fruit, vegetable, and flower niirket, 243 Londoners, economical g.ardens for, 341, 374 London Internation.al Horticultural Exhi- bition for 1880, 410, 439, 471, 506, 532, 536, 692, 695, 728, 759, 794 London parks, the superintendents of the, 755 London, the vegetation immediately north of, 632 Lopezia grandiflora, 753 Lord Petre's hothouses, 624 Lost and saved in a lady's garden, in the west midlands, 762 Lowther Castle, notes from, 399 Lycaste locusta, 524 M M.\ci.:.vv.\ bella, 475, 628 Miggot, Pear and .\pple. 760 .M.ignolia conspicui, 621 ; M. grandiflora ferruginea, 114, 149, 507; M. Soulan- geana, 758 M.ignulias, deciduous, 725 Manchester Botanictl and Horticultural Society, 565, 725 Manchester, effects of the frost on Iier- b.iceous plants at, 507, 595 Manchestei-, the Auriculas at, 6or ; the Tulips at, 663 Manchester Whitsuntide show, 757 Manchuria, southern, notes from, 537 Mangoes, Indiaii, 791 Mauley Park Company, the, 1(4 Manure, home-prepared, Mr. Moule on, 108, 140 Manuring land with fossil shells, 604 Miples, hingus on, 341 Marble-wood, .Vnd.inian, 630 Mart'chal Niel, flower of (iloire de Dijon on, 662 Market gardens, the winter in the, 274 Market, the new, for the City, 307 Marnock, Mr., retirement of, 628; the presentation portrait of, 566 Marriage of the Duke of Connaught, 338 Marsilia quadrifolia, 753 Masdevallia B.iokhousiana, 716 ; M. bella, 474 ; -M. H.irryana teta, 716 ; M. Parlatoreana, 172 ; M. Shutde- worthii, 631 Missowia and Spadiiphyllum, 268 M.itheson, Sir James, death of, 50 Maund's BDtanic G.irden, 506 May, an Orchid-house in, 665 May-bug, the, in France and England, 469 May Shows at South Kensington and Manchester, 240 May, the " Merrie " month of, 600 McDonald, de.ath of Mr. J., 412 Meahes = Indian Corn, 816 Mealy-bug on \'ines, 54, 84 Meconopsis nep.alensis, 757 Melbourne, notes from, 344 Melon, Davenhani Early, 633 Melon nomenclature, 730 Melon seeds, old, germination of, 470, 537 Melons, failure with, 632, 633 Mentha Pulegium gibr.iUarLca, 375, 409 Mentni3re Towers. 747, 779 Mentone Horticultural Society, 534 Meteorological elements in 1878, summary of the, 143 Meteorologic.il Society, the, 275 Meteorological statistics, 119 Methven, Mr. T., death of, 83 Mexican and Central American Orchids, a list of the, 202, 235, 267, 334, 367, 433. 559. 686, 719 Mexican Clover, 660 Midland counties, lost and saved in a lady's garden in the, 664, 762 ; the Eucalyptus in the, 600 Mignonette for the million, 8t8 Mildew on forced Roses, 472 Milk, a new source of, 114 Miln, death of Mr. R., 667 Mimulus, the, 664 Mistleto, androgynous, 344 Mistleto and Mountain Ash, 146 Mitchella repens, 508 Monnina xalapensis, 50 Monstera deliciosa, 635 .Montserrat, the Lime groves of, 178 Moore, the late Dr.. of Glasnevin, 756 Moorhens, how to dress, 23 Moor, the first day on the, 76 Morello Cheries and wired w.alls, 84 Morinda citrifolia, 332 Mortality, 398 Mortola, plants flowering in May at, 693 ; on New Year's D.ay, 55 Moss, pl.anting seeds in, 343 Moth Orchids at home, 587 Mottos in gardens, 245 Mowing machines, bearing reins to horses drawing, 762 Mudd, the late Mr. W., 558, 729 Musa Ensete, at Cape Town, 603 .Muscari, 564 ; M. p.ar.adoxuni, 635 Muscats, setting, 730 Muscats, the Berklmiiipsted, 532 Mushroom culture, 566 Mushroom spores, germinating on sand and glass, 602 Mushroom stools, 213 Mushroom stool, how to make a, 309 Musk, Harrison's, 760 Mustard, on the root growth of, 782 Myrrh of commerce, the, 470 Mysore and Ceylon, Coffee in, 564 N Narcis.sus calathinus, 730 Nasturtium, double-flowered, 663 National .\uricula Society, the, 506 National Florist Societies, the, 208 National Rose Society, 147, 759 VI The Gardmicri' Chronicle.. INDEX. (June 18, 1879 Natural Historv : — Common sparrow, the, 626 ; Helix Pomatia, 570, 590 ; slu^s eating worm-;, 476. (Sse uhcLt TestaccUa. ) Xectarinos and 1 'cache.-) blistering, 72;} Xep.'nthes saiiguinea, 12 Xepcnthes, the, of Bjrneo, 21 Nepeta spicata, 753 Nettle, culture of the, as a fibre plant, 716 Nettles, a gossip about, 759 New Granada, Orchid collecting In, 171 ; Orchids from, 341 New Guinea, buds frora, 502 ; Mr. Goldie's travels in, 597 ; plants and birds from, 341 New Zealand Flax, 791 Nicotiana noctiflora, 753 Nightingale And cnckoo, arrival of tlu, 567 Niven, Mr. Ninian, death of, 277 Norris Green, the gardens at, 718 North American l^itcher-plants at Glas- nevin, 638 Novelty, a gr::at, 623 Nursery and Sjed Trade .Vssociation, the, 173 Nutrition and cross-fertilisation as effect- ing fertility, 631 Nuttallia cerasiformis, 534 Nut, the Weeping, 114 Oak, destruction of an ancient, in Wind- sor Park, 146 Oak, the Boscobel, 21 ; Glendower's, 464 Oakfield, fate of shrubs, &c., at, 568 Ochna multiflora, 698 Orituauv : — Beadon, the Rev. Canon, t 766; Corbet, Mr. H., 57; Dawson, Mr. A., 120; Essington Essington, Mr. W. , 120; Foster, Mr. Le Neve, 277 ; Galloway, Mr. G., 183 ; Hender- son, Mr. A., 637 ; Higgs, Mr. C. J., 57 ; Holmes, Mr. [., 57 ; Humphreys, Mr. H. Noel, 766 ; Kennedy, Right Hon. T. F., 442 ; Koch, Professor Karl, 694 ; McDonald, Mr. John. 412 ; Methven. Mr. T., 88 ; Miln. Mr. R., 667 ; Moore, Dr. D., 757 ; Niven, Mr. Ninian, 277 ; Reichenbaeh, Professor, 4-J2 ; Sage, Mr. T., 88 ; Stevenson, Mr. J., 442; Tillery, Mr. W., 593; Tremble, Air. J., 572 ; Trevelvan, Sir W. C, 412; Tye, Mr. G. P., 151; Walton, Mr. H., 57a Odontoglossum Andersonianuni lobatuni, 74 ; O. aspersum, 266 r O. cirrosum, 406 ; O. confertum, 298 ; O. elegans, 462 ; O. Hallii xanthoglossum, 716 ; O. hebraicum,462 ; O. Londesboroughi- anum, 298, 342 ; O. maculatum erojum, 266 ; O. madrcnse, 342, 374 ; O. oligan- ihum, 556 ; O. orientale, 366 ; O. Pha- la^nopsis var. solare, 494 ; O. pul- chellum majus, 213 ; O. Rossii, 138 ; O. vexillarium, 567. 662, 759 ; O. vcxil- larium roseum, 602 ; O. zebrinuni, 299 Oil of Perilla ocimoides, 340 < ).nbu, the, 497' Oacidium cryptocopis, 377; O. fimbri- ntum. 29S ; O. Forbesii Borwickianum, 524 ; O. pictum, 730 'One shall be taken and the other left," 209 Oaion. the (iiant /.ittau, 120, 148 ; the Trcbons, 212 Oaions, spring, 600 (J,)ium Poppv, .Mr. Scott's report on the, 623 Opuntia Rafinesquiana, 376 ; O. vulgaris, 83 Orange wines, Spanish, 11 Orchid collecting in New Granada, 171 Orchid-house, ants in an. 664 Orehid-house, plants in flower in an, 245, 665 Orchid, the smallest in the world, 55, 149 Orchids, and insects, 760; at Arnott Hili, 343: in flower at Mr. Boruiek"s, 662 ; at Chelsea, 374 ; at Coonibe Cottage, 306 ; at Davenhani Park, 373 ; at Ealing Park, 533 ; at Fallowfield, 307 ; at tUasnevin, 375; at Henbury Hiil, 634, 729 ; at home. 429 ; at home, in Jamaica, 570 ; at Kew, 340, 592 ; at Stamford llill. 247 ; at Sudbury House, 758 ; at Sunbury House, 344 ; at Tredrea, 211 ; at the Victoria ar.d Paradise Nurseries 80, 146, 408 ; at Messrs. Veitch's, 210, 374, 438; at Wilton House, 275; Mr. VVrigley's, 759, 818 ; Dr. Paterson's, 146; Lord I>ondesborough's, 304 ; for decoration, 343 ; from New Granada, 34T ; hardiness of, 599 ; in bloom in January, 50 ; at York Nurseries, 812 Orciiids, Mexican and Central American, a list of. 202, 235, 267, 334, 367, 433, 559, 6S6, 719 Orj'iids, m:)th, at homj, 587 Orchids, notes on, 298 Orchids on cocoa-nut husks, 212 Oroliids, the prices of, 534 Ormiston House, Dendrobium Wardia- nuni at, 308 Ornithogalum arnijiiiacuni, 748 ; lacteuni, 758 Ori)bus vcrniis, 566 Oiyctci inonoccras, 215 Otiorhyiichus sulcatus, 1S4 Oucd cl Katia, Altjiers, 592, 654 OiU'iraiidra HildcjIjraiuUii, 149, 753 Oxalis cniieapliylla, 631 Oysters, plants flavoured witli, 819 pAi:KiNG plants, 760 ['■iliirmo Botanic (iardens, the Afiuarium in the, 2o3 ; the Palm walk in the, 176 Palm, Hildebrandt's new Comoro, 406 Palm-house at Kew, the, 43S Palms, Cocoa, beetle injurious to, 86 Pampas-grass v. bees, 308 Panipas-grass plumes, 76 Pandanus I.ennei, fruiting of, 441 Panicum, ornamental species of, 784 Pansies, the, and the frost, 307 Paper-making, Bamboo for, 331 Paper protectors, 84 Paraffin remedy, the : insects, 473 Paris, a flower show in, 763 Paris Exhibition, the, 82 ; the awards at the, 48 Paris, planting in, 724 Parks, the West lind, gardening in the, 758 Partridge berry, the, 508 Passiflora, excrescence from, 344 Passion-flower, the, and the frost, 178 Patras, the Currant trade of, 789 Paulownia imperialis, 54, 84, 819 Peach blossoms destroyed by ants, 149, 212, 245 Peach culture in Michigan, 50 Peach-houses, bees in, 181 Peach prospects in .\merica, 503 Peach tree dressing, and I^each setting, 84, rrS, rSi, 2tl, 246, 343 Peach trees injured by wire, 245 Peach Vioiette Hative, 694 Peaches and Nectarines blistering, 729 Peaches and \'incs, on \vinter dressing, 20 Peaches, early, 731 ; fertilising early, 308, 440 : setting, 376, 408 Pear and Apple maggot, 760 Pear, Beurre Giftard, ']^'>t\ Vicar of Wink- field, 119, 150; origin of the latter, 181, 212 Pear tree disease, a, 299 Pears, Japanese, 502 Pearls m Pea-pods 1 240 Peas, Carter's Telephone and Culver- well's Telegraph, 116, 148, 180, 2ro Peas, the first dish of, 663 ; for exhibi- tion, 308 ; market, 758 ; prizes for, 695 Peat flood in the Falldands, 469, 626 Pelargonium, a hybrid for conservatory walls, 630 Pelargonium album multiflorum, 22 ; P. Lady Scarborough, 55 ; P. (double zonal) Vesta, 661, 694, 729 Pelargonium growing for market, 366 Pelargoniums, Dr. Denny's, 113 ; for forc- ing, 634 ; tricolor, 666 Pentas rosea, 472 Pentstemons and the frost, 376 Peperomia prostrata, 716 Perak, the vegetation of, 301 Perilla ocimoides, oil of, 340 Pernettya mucronata, 753 ; new forms of, 48 Perry Hall, the rainfall at, 120 Pescatorea Gaireana, 684 ; P. Klabocho- rum, 684 Petroleum, heating by, 729 Phakijnopsids. rare, 472 Phatenopsis antcnnifera, 399 ; P. Cor- ningiana, 620 Phlox divaricata, 695 Plilox Drummondii General Radetzky, 83 Pliosphatic nodules, 634 Phyllostachys bainbusoides, 784 Phylloxera, measures taken to eradicate the, 212, S95 Phytolacca dioica, 497 Phytelephas macrocarpa, 787 Picea alba var. Worlitziana, 82 ; P. Mari- ana var. Juhlkiana, 82 Picolees, yellow ground, ti6, 150 Pigeons, carrier, and gardening, 757 Pine-apple, Lady Geatrice Lambton, 82, .753 Pinc-apjiles. notes on, 22 Pines from the Azores, 275 Pinctum at Kew, the, 566 Pinus insignis and the frost, 794 Pipes T'. tanks, 182 Piptospatha insignis, 138 Pitcher-plants at Glasnevin, 683 Plagues of the gardener, 788 Plantain, a proliferous, it7 Planla universalis germanica, 433 Plans, garden, 624, 664 Plants flowering in February at Combe .\Ijbey, 2D4 Plant growth, curious illustrations of. 112 Planl-liouses, effects of the frost in, 206 Plant-houses for the tropics 796 Plant portraits, 752, 784 Plant shading, 2r, 107 Plants, .action of heat and light on, 727 ; a new natural order of, 170 ; and ani- mals, 66r ; and birds from Xew Guinea, 3.^1 ; and trees, how to make them grow to large size, 335 ; berrieil, for winter decoration, ir ; destruction of, by frost, 2o3 ; effects of the late winter on, 600 ; on the self - fertilisation of, 790 : flower-garden, preparation, &c. , ol. 59? I flowering in the Edinburgh Botanic Gardens, 694 ; increase in the weight of, from seed, 599 ; in flower at Mr. Ware's nursery, 502 ; in fresh soil, extraordinary luxuriance of, 727 ; in- teresting stove, 527 ; New Zealand and .Vustralian, growing in the open air at .\rran, 23 ; odd notions about, 593 ; experiments in cross-breeding, 751 ; self-defence among, 169, 201 ; South -Vfrican, on the tlistribution of, 41 ; the new, of 1878, 9, 39 ; the re-christening of, 297 ; useful notes on, 594 ; flavoured with oysters 8x9 Planting, the best season for, 21, 83 Pi,.\NTS, Nkw Gakdkn, DicsCKiiUin :— Acineta sulcata, 652 ; Adiantum bellum, 172 : Aristolochia promissa, 494 : Bifre- naria Harrisonia; Buchaniana, 430; P'Ulbophyllum Beccarii, 41 ; Cattleya Mendelii, 234 ; C. Trianas Hardyana, 366 ; Cibotium Chamissoi, 495 ; ■ C. glaucum, 495 ; C. Menziesii, 430 : C. pruinatum, 431 ; Cirrhopetalum Ma- ko)-anum, 234 ; Comparettia macro- plectron, 398 ; Cu-'logyne ocellata nraxima, 524 ; Crocus Kirkii, 234 ; Cypripedium Ainsworthii, 748 ; C. ver- nixium, 398 ; Cymbidium Ldwianum, 332 : Dendrodium chrysanthum mi- crophthahnum, 366 ; D. leucochlorum, 202 ; D. micans, 332 ; D. Smillias, 106 ; D. splendidissimum, 298 ; Ebermaiera nitida, 812: Encephalartos acantha, II : Hymenocallis macrostephana, 430 ; La;lia anceps alba, 11 ; L, virens, 716 ; paris tricallosa, 684 ; Limatodes la- brosa, 202 ; Lycaste locusta, 524 i Masdevallia Backhousiana, 716 ; M. Harryana laata, 716 ; ^I. Parlato- rcana, 172 ; Odontoglossum Ander- sonianuni lobatuni, 74; O. aspersum, 266 ; O. confertum, 298 ; O. elegans, 462; O. Hallii xanthoglossum, 716; O. liebraicum, 462 ; O. oliganthum, 556 ; • O. orientale, 366 ; O. PhaL-enopsis, var. solare, 494 ; O. Rossii, 138 ; Oncidium I-'orbesii Borwickianum. 524 ; O. fini- briatum, 298 ; Ornithogalum armeni- acum, 748 ; Pescatorea Gairiana, 684 ; P. Klabochorum, 684 ; Phalasnopsis antcnnifera. 398 ; P. Corningiana, 621 ; Piptospatha insignis, 138 ; Polystachya rufinula, 41 ; Ranunculus Lyallii, 620: Selaginella perelegans, 173 ; S. Victori?e, 74 Plough trials in Bohemia. 603 Poinsettia pulcherrima, 118 Poisoning by Ivy leaves, 599 Poly.anthus, the, 401, 780 Polyanthuses, gold-laced, 622, 726, 819 Polypus, a, S16 Polystachya rufinula, 41 Poppies, hybrid, 598 Poppy, a, die most northern flowering plant yet collected, 630] Poppv, the opium, Mr. Scott's report on the', 628 Popular errors in economic botany, 633 Porthgwidden, Cornwall, 686 Portugese Labiatx, the, 368 Potato, the Champion, 55, 118, 182, 213 ; Ronald's Early Frame, 119 ; School- master, 54, 114. 118, 246; history of die, 148, i3o ; Turner's Union, 8.(, 118 Potato crop, the Early Cornish, 502 Potato disease, 818; and the frost, 80, ii6 Potato Exhibition, the International, 274 Potato haulm, burning, 149 Potato measures, 406 Potato planting machine, a, 497 Potato prospects, 757 Potato seed, vitality of, 600 Potato trade with I'rance, the, 788 Potatos at the Paris Exhibition, awards for, 150 Potatos, diseases of, 502 ; early planted. 666 : for exhibition, 438 ; "improved," 84 : late planted, 729 Pothos canncefolia, 268 Potosi Tobacco estate, Jamaica, the, 603 Pot plants, composts for, 240 Pots, washing, 87 Pot \'inrs for late work, 246 ; for table decoration, 204 Posoqueria longiflora, 759 Poultry keeping, a lady's experience in, 658, 721 PoL'i.iKV \'.\Ki) : — .\ lady's experience in poultry-keeping, 658, 721 , 786 Preston House, die garden at. Sir Preston, the provijicial show at, 373 Prevention better than cure, 307 Primrose, a monstrous, 729 ; a new, 665 Primroses, double, 497 ; lineson, 466; in Kent, 534 ; under cultivation, 697 Primula Allioni, 438 ; P. ciliata, 538 ; P. cortusoides anicena, 696, 759 ; P. dcn- ticulata var. concolor, .^II ; P. Golden Gem, 636 ; P. marginata, 502 ; P. nivea, note on, 535 ; P. platypetala plena, 538; P. rosea, 375, 411, 438, 441 : P. sinensis, 54, 566 ; P. sinensis finibriata, 178 : P. sinensis Ruby King, 86 Primulas, 150, 182, 344 ; Chinese, 374 ; at Headfort House, the, 85 ; Hima- layan, 374 ; Japan, 620 Privets, the, 22 Prostanthera lasianthos, 411 Protection in winter, 55 Pruning forest trees, remarks on. 173 Prunus puniila, 695 ; triloba, 566 Ps\chotria jasminiflora, 538 Pteris serrulata meltonicnsis, 567 Public gardens in crowded localities, 476 Pugionum cornutum, 789 Puschkinias, 502 Pyrus intermedia Hosdi, 686; P. flori- bunda. 663 ; P. Malus floribunda, 694, 762 ; P. Maulei, 145, 630 Q QL-EENSL.\N'n, Rice cultivation in, 788 Quickset hedges, 244, 266, 30S, 344 Quinine, influence of, on silkworms, 50 Rabbits barking trees, how to prevent, 27s. 309 Raddish trials at Chiswick, the, 792 Rainfall in Jersey, the, 44 Rain, freezing, 339 Ranunculus Lyallii, 620, 636, 665 Ra\'enea Hildebrandtii, 406 Reading-room in the garden, 20 Reading, the Sarsen stones at, 53, 120, 149 Reel, a good garden, 697 Reels, cotton, how they are made, 601 Reichenbaeh, death of Prof., 442, ^^-j Renanthera coccinea, 305 Rhaphis humilis, 243 Rhexia virginica, 536 Rhinopetalum Karelini, 276, 310 Rhododendrons, 720, 751, 785 ; as game covert, 54 ; the Bagshot, 628 ; Hima- layan, 731 ; Indian, in the open air, 440 ; of the Malayan .Archipelago and New Guinea, 178 ; Messrs. \'eitch's new hybrid, 785 ; sweet scented, 598 Rhododendron Falconeri, 305 ; Hodgsoni, 306 : lepidotum, 753 Rhodoleia Chanipioni, 266 Rhubarb for market purposes, 306 Rhubarb, Stott's Monarch, 55, 694. 7C0 Rice cultivation in Queensland, 788 Rice weevil, the, as a corn destroyer, Right man in the wrong place, the, 116 Roads and the frost, 83 Robinia, disease in the stem of a, 345 Robinia, the old, at Fulhani Palace, 112 Rochca falcata, 470 Rockeiy, the new, at Chiswick, 375 Rogicra cordala, 440 ; gratissima, 20, 50 Rollisson's Nursery, the sale at, 114 Roman Hyacinth, history of the, . 145, 277. 341 Root-growth of Mustard and Cress, on die, 782 Rosa lucida, -j^-^ Rose budder, the automatic, 820 Roseless June, a, 793 Roses, Ntr. Bennett's hybrid, 632, 692, 729 Rose, Thd Bon Silene, 55 ; the old Cloth of Gold, 504 ; Cloth of Gold, 536, 729 Rose forcing and sunshine, 40G Rose, Conitesse Nadaillac, 784 ; the Macartney, 566 ; (hybrid Tea) .Madame Alexandre Bernaix,' 411 ; Duchess of Bedford, 784 ; Jean Liabaud, 784 ; Madame Lamb.ird, 784 ; Marie Van Houtte. 7S4 ;Marechal Niel, 537 ; Ma- recl al Niel, on the Borders, 21; .Noisette Drap d'O.', Chromatella, and Clotl. of (iold, 85 ; Souvenir de Madame Pernet, 78 \ June 2S, iSjj.] INDEX. [ The Gardeners* Chronicle. vu I Rose Society, the National, 82 Roses, brief hints ^on the cultivation of, 792, 8i3 ; mildew on forced, 473 Royal Academy, the, 685 ; winter exliibi- tiot. of the, 43 Royal Agricultural Benevolent Institution, 81S Royal Agricultural Society's Show at Kilburn, 566 Royal Botanic Saciety, 146, 374 Royal Botanic Society of Belgium, 65i Royal Flora Society of Brussels, 307 Royal Horticultural Society, 82, 113, 147, 176, 2o3. 372, 471 ; Chiswicl-; Gardeni, 374 : committees, the, r jS ; constitu- tion of the, for 1879, 121 ; exhibitions, 632 : future of the, 244 ; great summer show, 660, 692 Royal National Tulip Society, 662 ; Man- chester show, 722 Rubiacea;, diseased roots in, 535 Rubus deliciosus, 695 ; R. rosa^folius, 76, 332 : R. rosasflorus var. coronarius, 216 Rudgea macrophylla, 530 Ruseus racemosus, 179 Russelia juncea as a basket ant 796 Russia, garden tools in, 657 ; hedges in, 274 Russian explorations in Central Asia, i3 Sadler, Mr. John, with portrait, 76 Sage, Mr. T., death of, 8cl Sago Sugar Palm, tiic, 309 S.aigon, gardening at, 341 St. Paul's Churchyard, improvements in, "5 Salads, French, 630 Salisbury Nurseries, the, 51 Salix mascula pandula, 114 SalviJA Pint aurea, 696, 762 Van Houtte's memorial bust, 788 Vegetable albinism, a chemical study of, 83 \'egetable caterpillar, the, 89 Vegetable ivory, 787 Vegetable products of South Manchuria, 537. 567 Vegetable remains from gravel, 86 Vegetables, and the frost, 2it ; dried, 306; early, for American markets, 470 ; the new, of 1878, 51 Vegetation, effects of the frost on, 471 Vegetation immediately north o! Loud in, 632 Vegetation of Hammerfest, the most northern town in the world, 727 Vegetation, weather mirks on, 83 Veiteh's nursery, royal visit to. 375 Veitch's, Orchids at, 238 Verbenas, the diseases in, 85, 181 Verbena venosa, 601, 6g6 Veronicas nnd the frost, 375 Veronica Hulkei, 566 ; V. longifolia var. subsessiUs, 784 Veronicas, shrubby, 408 Victoria, the native plants of, 177 Victoria and Par.idise Nurseries, Orchids in flower at the, 80, 407 Villa gardeners, suggestions to, 531 Vinery, a new, 85 Vine bleeding, a simple remedy for, 308 Viae border, the formation of a, 57 Vina borders, unprotected, 182 Vine roots, distance to which they ex- trad, 51 Vine sport, the Culford, 21, 147 N'ines and Peaches, winter dressing, n8, 211 ; are they impoverished through, 213 Vines bleeding, 118, 213, 244 \'ines, bottom-heat for, 53 ; grafting old, 106 ; mealy-bug on, 54, 84 ; planted in churchyards, n8 ; pot, for late work, 246 Violas, bedding, 666 \'iolet, the, 66t X'iolets and Forget-me-Nots, 436 \'iolets, double, Venice, 470 Violets in pots, 406 Violets, Neapolitan, 472 \'itis indivisa, 784 Vriesea imperialis, 784 W W.\ii'.s and strays, 662 Wallflowers, colours of, 666 Walls, wiring garden, 149, 180 Walls, wired, and NIorello Cherries, 84, 116 Walnut, the black, at Fulham Palace, 372 Walton, death of Mr. H., 572 Walton Lea, Camellias at, 536 Walwich Bay, 50 Wardrobe powder, recipe for a fragrant, 234 Ware's Nursery, plants in flower at, 502 Washingtonia, 727 Watch, a wooden, 724 Water, can leaves absorb, 726 Water, evaporation of, from various crops and fallow ground, 630 Water for garden fountains, 50 Water, hard and soft, 630 Weather, the, 211, 275 ; a comparison, 472 ; and its effects, 19 ; the fruit crops, 663, 730 ; at Inverary, 408 ; at Kelso, 21 : in North Notts, 277 Weather foreaists, 375 Weather marks on vegetation, 83 Weather maxiins, 565 Weather of 1878, the, 1T9 Weadier, summary of the, in 1878, 143 Weather, the birds and tiie snails, 17 Weeds, absence of, 400 Weeping trees, Cliinese method of rais- ing, 790 Weevils in Cornwall, a plague of, 628 Weights and Measures Act, the, ig, 275 Weight of seeds, 178 Wellington Botanic Gardens, New Zea- land, 796 Wehvilschia mirabilis, 694 West End, trees at the, 375 Wheat, experiments with Kubanka and Saxonica, 652 Whit-Monday flower show at South Ken- sington, 595, 635, 666 Wilder, ihe Hon. Marshal P., accident to, 470 Wild garden. Crocuses in the, 660 Willows, some new or little known, 757 Willow, the sexes of the, 569 Willows in spring, the, 536 Wills', Mr., nursery. Royal visit to, 407 Wilton House, Orchids at, 275 Wimbledon House, Sir Henry Peek's garden at, 242 Wine saus.age, a new, 86 W'inter .Aconite, the, 246 Winter, the, a list of surviv.ils, 730 ; a second. 505. (Sec effects of.) Winter decoration, berried plants for, it Winter dressing Peaches and Vines, 84, i8r Winter, drying fruit and vegetables for, 507 Winter, effects of the late, 334 ; at Man- chester, 595 ; on Carnations and Picotees, 626 ; on shrubs, 377, 441 : on plants, 600 ; on plants at Dublin, 526 Winter Gardens, Southport, spring show at, 409 Winter, protection in, 55 Winter, the, in the market gardens, 274 Winter, the latest, 501, 724 Winter use, Crotons for, 508 Wire fencing, 657 Wire walls, 464 Wiring garden walls, on, 52, 212 Willoof, 117 Women, young, prizes in botany for, 502 Woodland walks, 500 ; seats for. 213 Wood, preserving underground, 300 Wynnstay, 715 Yew poisoning, 66r Yew poisonous to cattle, the, 533, 567 York, alpine flowers at, 566 \'ork Nurseries, the, 812 Yorkshire, fruit prospects in, 567 Vlll The Gardeners' Chronicle] INDEX. [June 28, 1879. y 1ST OF LLUSTRATIONS. Adelgks abietis, 248 Adiantum bellum, 172 Adonis vernalis, 621 Aloysia cilriodora as grown at Ashridge, 301 American garden nt Norris Green, llie, 735 Anemone angulosa, 343 Anton de Bary, portrait of, 241 Aquarium in the Palermo Botanical Gar- dens, 209 Arnebia echioides, 689 Aroid, a new Bornean, 139 Aviary, dovecote, Sc, a combined, 17 B Bamboo shading, 505 Bary, Anton de, portrait of, 241 Berkeley, the Rev. M. J., portrait of. (See number for June 2T.) Bignonia venusta, 273 Bird scarer, a new, 149 Botanic Gardens, Palermo, aquarium in the, 209 ; the Palm walk in the, 177 Boulton & Paul's combined fowl-house, aviary, &c. , 17 Boussingault, Jean Baptiste, portrait of, 49 Bruchus granarius, 310 Cai.cf.OLARI.V, Crystal Palace, 8t7 Camellia, Mr. E. J. Lowe's miniature while, 433 Carpet-bed at Stoke Rochford, 45 Cascade in the Park of I,a Rochette, i;39 Charcoal stove, a cheap. 633 Chionodoxa Forbesii :;: C. Luciliae, 469 Cibotium Chamissoi, 495 ; C. glaucum, 495 ; C. Meniiesii, 431 ; C. prninatum, 43 « Cinerarias, new, coloured plate of, see No. for April 26 Cnicus altissimus, 437 Coleus, Mr. Bull's new varieties of, 749 , Conservatory, groimd-plan of a, 793 Cork tree, the old, at Fnlham Palace, 145 Cotton reels, how they are made, 601 Cress, diagram illustrating the root- growth of, 783 Crocuses in the wild garden, 601 Cymbidiuni Lowiamun, 405 ( ypripediimi Calceohis, 813 Dai-e, Mr. J., portrait of the late, 21 Darwinia tulipifera, a specimen plant of, 735 Datura (Brugmansia) arborea, 141 Dendroijium Brymerianum, 475 Dendrobium nobile at Rushton, 56^ Doryanthes excelsa in the Sydney Botanic Gardens, 339 Ekanthis hyemalis, 245 Fir, Spruce, infested with Adelges abietis, 248 Flower-bed at Stoke Rochford, 45 Flower garden at Haddo House, 305 Fowl'-house and aviary, &c. , a combined, 17 FritiUary and Marsh Marigold, the, 761 Fritillaria Burneti, 685 Fulliam Palace, Juglans nigra at, 373 ; the old Cork tree at, 145 ; the old Robinia at, 113 Q Gai-Anthus Elwesii, 236 ; G. Imperati, 237 ; G. latifolius, 237 ; G. nivalis, 237 ; G. nivalis var. Shaylockii, 342 ; G. plicatus, 236 Garden reel, a, 697 Garden seats, 213, 309 Garden wall, a wired, 52 Gleichenia dicarpa longipinnata, 781 Glendower's Oak at Shelton, 465 (inaur on the root of Taxodium distichum, 372 Grafting, examples of natural, T08, 109 Cirape Vine grown for table decoration, 205 H Hadiio House, the flower garden at, 305 Hurdles for cattle fencing, 560 Hyacinth, a proliferous, 463 Hypsilophora destructor, 299 I lN.\RrinNr,, natural, 277 Iris iberica, var. insignis, 603 ; reticulata, 501 J i-'Gi..\NS nigra at Fulham Palace, 373 K KlTCHKN garden, plan for enclosing a, with glasshouses, 625 ^ Kitchen garden plans, 528, 529 Klaboch, the late Franz, portrait of, 369 L.\nDER for use in orchards, 819 Leucojum vernum, 399 Lime-tree, natural inarching in a, 277 M MackAVA bella, 629 Moore, the late Dr., portrait of, 757 Morinda citrifolia, fruits of, 333 Moth Orchid at home, the, 597 Mushroom stools, 210 ; how to make them, 309 Mustard, diagram illitstrating the root- growth of, 783 N Nr.PENTHES sanguinea, 13 Norris Green, the American garden at, 7=5 0.\ic, Glendower's, at .Shelton, near Shrewsbury, 465 Oncidium Forbesii, 525 ; var. Borwick- iantuu, 525 Onions, spring, a market bunch of, 6jo Orchard ladder, 819 Otiorhynchus sulcalus, 184 P.M.ERMO Botani: Gardens, the aquarium in the, 209 ; the Palm walk in tlie, 177 Pare de la Chassagne. the, 1,89 Park of Bois Rena\ilt, the, 588 Peperomia prostrata, 717 Phalrenopsis at home, 597 Piptospatha insignis, 139 Plan, ground, of a conservatory, 793 Potato planter, Murray & Ferguson's patent, 497 Pothos cann.nefolia, 268 Primula, a monstrous, 729 R Reel, a garden. 697 Reel. Cotton, manufacture of, 60T Robinia, the old. at Fulhant Palace, 113 Root-growth, diagrams illustrating. 7S3 Rubus rosoefolius var. coronarius, 77 Russian spade, a, 653 Russian Wheat, diagrams illustrating two varieties of, 653 Sadler, Mr. John, portrait of, 8t Sandwich Islands Cibotiums, the, 431, 495 Seats for woodland walks, 213 ; how to make them, 309 Selaginella perelegans, 173 ; S. N'ictoria;, 75 Sequoia sempervirens, excrescence from stem of, 377 Snowdrops an vattirel, 533 ; illustrations of varieties, 236, 237, 342 Snowflake, the. 399 Sod-cutter. Prof. Beale's. 537 Sp.ade, a Russian. 657 .Spathiphyllum lanceolatum. 269 Sphreria sinensis, 89 Spiraea alba, 753 ; S. decumbens, 752 Staphylea colchica, 117 Stoke Rochford. a carpet bed at, 45 Stove, a cheap charcoal. 633 Sydney Botanic Garden. Doryanthes excelsa in the. 339; the director's old house in the. 401 T.\BLE decoration. Grape Vine grown for. 205 Taxodium disiichnm. gnaur on the root of, 372 Test.acella haliolidi'a, 669 Thismia neptimis. 721 ; T. ophiuris, 720 Tillery, the late Mr. W. , portrait of, ^93 Trees, naturally grafted, 108, 109 Tropoeolum majus fiore-pleno. 665 Turf-cutter, Prof. Beale's, 537 \'iNE grown for table decoration, 203 \'inery and border, section of a, 85 W \ViiE.\T, Russian, diagrams illustrating two varieties of, 653 Willow stamens changing to carpels, 569 Winter Aconite, the, 245 Wired garden wall. a. 52 Wire netting for mbbit fencing. 561 Zki'ZER.i aesculi, 413 l_ '' ^r-Vx.^^"^- THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, (iBstablisbc^ 1841. A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS. No. 262.-V0L. XI. \m..\ SATURDAY, JANUARY 4, 1879. ) Registered at the General \ PriCG Od, Post Office as a Newspaper, \ POST FREE, ^\d. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. With this Number Is issued, Gratis, a COLOURED ALMANAC for 1879. CONTENTS. Anemone, the .. .. 12 Apiary . . . . 14 Arbutes, the • ■ 23 Begonia Nellie May 19 Berried plants for winter decorations .. .. 11 Bird-i and the weather .. 17 Chrysanthemums, when to propagate . . ..22 Culford Vine sport, the . . 21 Dale, ihe late Mr. J. (with portrait) .. ..21 Drury, New Zealand, notes from . . .. 19 Egypt and its flora .. 12 Encephalartos acantha .. 11 Epping Forest . . . . 10 Eucalyptus and the frost 18 Euchlaena luxurians .. 18 Florists' flowers .. .. 13 Forestry . , , . . . 14 Frost, the effects of the . . 16 Garden operations .. 14 ,, structure, novel (cut) 16 Gooseberry and Currant bushes, look to ..18 Grosvenor Gallery, the .. 12 Ground loreman again, the ,. ..19 Hanover, proposed exhi- bition at . . . . • ■ 17 Highways, our ., .. 19 Island of Ascension, the . 19 Kelso, the weather at . . 20 Lselia anceps alba .. 11 Liguslrum sinensc lati- fohum robustum .. iS Liriodendron tulipifera . . 30 Moorhens .. .. ■■ ^3 Nepenthes of Borneo . . 20 ,. sanguinea (with cut) 13 Nursery, sale of an old .. 19 Oak, the, at Boscobel .. 21 Orange wines . . . . 1 1 Peaches and Vines, winter dressing . . .. . . 20 Pelargonium album mul- tiflorum .. .. ..22 Pine-apples, an answer concerning . . . . 22 Planting, the best season for .. .. . . 21 Plant sliading . . 21 Plants, new garden .. n ,, new, of 1S78 .. 9 Privets, the .. . . 22 Readvng-room in garden . 20 Rogiera gratissima .. 20 Rose Marcchal Niel on the Borders . . .. 20 Royal Horticultural So- ciety, the . . . . 18 Russian explorations in Central Aiia .. .. 18 Salvia spiendens .. .. 20 Sarsen atones at Reading 23 Seedsman's bill of former days, a .. . . .. iS Society — Edinburgh Botanical .. 23 Sutherland, Mr. W., pre- sentation to .. . . iS Testimonial to Professor Balfour .. . . , . 16 Trees, reproduction of .. 22 Weather, the . . --23 Weights and Measures Act 19 CRYSTAL PALACE. FLOWER SHOWS in 1879. SATURD.'VY. May 24, GREAT FLOWtR SHOW of the Season : SATURDAY. June 28, GREAT ROSE SHOW. Schedules on application to Mr. THOMSON, Crystal Paiace. ICHMOND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. President— H.S.H the Duke of Teck, G.C.B. The SUMMER EXHIBITION will be held on JUNE 26, and the FIRST AUTUMN SHOW of CHRYSANTHE- MUMS, &c., on NOVEMBER 18 and 19, 1870. ALBERT CHANCELLOR, Hon. Sec. I, Kine Street, Richmond, Surrey. Beautiful Lily. L ILIUM NEILGHERREN.se gives flowers nearly a foot long, deliciously fragrant. Fine bulbs that will rtower, los. 6./. each, free by post. Being an annual importer of many thousands of Lilies direct from their native habitats, Mr. William Bull can supply the best sorts in large or small quantities. Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. Trade Price Current- Seeds-1879. THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (LIMITED), have issued their ANNUAL CATALOGUE of SEEDS and if any of their Customers have been inadvertently overlooked, copies will be sent on application. I, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh ; 106, Southwark Street. London. S.E. Dahlias, Pot Roots. He AN NELL begs to offer these, in large • _ or small quantities, from 6s, per dozen, all the best in cultivation, in 250 varieties. H. C.'s selection, 30^. per 100. Healthy Plants In Pots of L ILIUM AURATUM, the Golden-Rayed Japanese Lily, per dozen, iSs., 24s., and 301. BARR AND SUGDEN, 12. King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. Special Offer to the Trade. WOOD AND INGRA.M have just compiled a Special LIST of NURSERY STOCK, including a fine lot of extra transplanted BRITISH OAK, which they can offer in quantities, at a reduced rate Free on application. The Nurseries, Huntingdon. T IBERIAN COFFEE SEED.— A large J— ^ consignment of this season's fresh seed, in the cherry lU5t arrived in splendid condition. Can be viewed and purrrhased in original Liberian packages THOMAS CHRISTY and CO.. .55, Fenchurch Street, E.C. QEAKALE, ASPARAGUS and K-/ RHUBARB Roots, for forcing, exceptionally fine. For special quotations apply to H, THORNTON, i. Maxwell Road, Fulham, S,W. To the Trade. &c, SPARAGUS, GIANT. -Splendid Roots for Planting and Forcing in immense quantity EWINO AND CO., Norwich. Five Gold Medals, Paris, 1878. Now Ready, price Is. 3d , BARTER'S ILLUSTRATED c _ VADE MECUM for 1870, containing Beau- tiful Lithographic Plates and lllubtr,itions of the best sterling Vegetable and Floral Novelties of the year. Gratis to Purchasers. The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London.W.C. To the Trade.-American Tuheroses. HURST AND SON have now received their consignments of the above— both the ordinary Double variety and the Improved Double Pearl, and will be happy to send lowest price on application; alsoGLADIOLUS BRENCH- LEYENSIS. The samples are good, and in fine condition. 6. Leadenhall Street. London, E.C. ORCHIDS (winter flowering).— For Sale, cheap, a few plants of Ccelogyne cristata and a quantity of Pleione Wallichiana and Calanthe vestita rubro occulata. Price on application to S. WOOLLEY, Cheshunt, Herts. WELVE CAMELLIAS, full of buds, 2Ij;., beautiful plants, i to ij^ foot high, all finest sorts, in 5-inch pots. Also AZALEAS, finest sorts, full of buds, sarae price. Extra sizes of both, remarkably fine, 305., 42s., and 60s. per dozen. Packages gratis for ca^h with order. JOHN H. LEY, Royal Nursery. Croydon. To the Trade.— Erica gracilis, in good colour. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON have a very fine lot of the above, in 40-size pots, suitable for Christmas Decorations, 7$^- P^r »oo. Highgate. London. N , and Barnet, Herts. Lj^WING and CO. forward gratis and post- -J-J free to applicants. CATALOGUE^ of iheir extensive and weil-grown stock of Standard and Du'arf Ro^es, Pot Roses, Clematises, Vines, Fruic Trees, (Jrnaniental Trees, and Coniferae. The Royal Norfolk. Nurseries, Newmarket Road, Eaton, near Norwich. ARDY EVERGREENS.— The hardily- grown, thoroughly transplanted, therefore well-rooted stock ot Messrs. JAMES DICKSON & SONS, "Newton* Nurseries, Chester, is unequalled for variety, quality, and extent. Intending planters are invited to inspect. Priced CATALOGUE and all information post-free. OREST TREES, Seedling and Trans- planted. — The very extensive stock of the above is this season in splendid condition. CATALOGUES on application. The Lawson Seed and Nursery Company (Limited) Edinburgh. English Yews— English Yews. ENGLISH YEWS, 3^ to 4 feet, 12s. per doz., Zcs. per 100 ; 4 to 4J4 feet. i8.r. per doz., 100^. per loo. All recently transplanted. Every plant a perfect specimen. JOHN PERKINS AND SON, 52, Market Square, Northampton. PRUCE FIRS for Christmas Trees, well formed, 2 to 3 feet high, 301. per 100. RICHARD SMITH and CO . Nurserymen, Worcester. O LL I E S. — A quantity of the Common Green Holly, from 2V3 10 4 feet high, for Sale cheap. Apply to S. WOOLLEY, Cheshunt, Herts. LARCH. — 30,000, well transplanted, for Sale, 2'^ to 3 feet. H. PARSONS. 4, Eldon Place, Exeter, For Every Garden. THE NEW FRENCH MANURE, LE FLORAL, surpasses all others. FOR VEGETABLES LE FLORAL increases the quantity. FOR FLOWERS LE FLORAL increases size and brightens colour. FOR TREES, &c LE FLORAL increases verdure and luxuriance. For testimonials, prices, and full particulars apply to The Sole Agents for England, SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. s H Y ^EWS. — 3-| to 4i feet, 90J. per 100; _ to 4 leet. 845 per ico : well adapted for hedges, &c.; also some prime well-rooted Green HOLLIES, i to 3 feet : all recently moved in good condition. JOSEPH SPOONER, Woking, Surrey, UICKS— QUICKS — QUICKS. Strong Whitethorn Quicks, 15 to 24 inches. JOHN PERKINS .\nd SON, 52, Market Square. North- ampton. BOX EDGING.— Large quantity for disposal, extra fine stuff. For price apply to WILLIAM MILES, West Brighton Nurseries, Cliftonville. Sussex. EBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERTS AND OTHER NUTS. Persons desirous of obtaining Trees of the above, grown by the late R, Webb, of Calcot, should give early orders to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. CATALOGUES post-free on application. WEBB'S CHOICE POLYANTHUS AND OTHER SPRING PLANTS. Early orders are solicited for the above choice plants. Apply to THE MANAGER. Calcot Gardens. Reading. ANTED a quantity of OAK ACORNS for sowing. State price per bushel to Messrs. LEVAVASSEUR et FILS, Nurserymen, Calvados, France. Rhubarb. ANTED 2000 or 3000 good STOOLS for Planting. Must be cheap. Apply to Mr. CLARK, Goldstone Farm, Hove, Brighton. w BLACK HAiVIBURGH VINES, and other leading sorts, in Fruiting and Planting Canes. Prices, £:c., on application to F. R. KINGHORN, Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey. Vines —Vines— Vines, T COWAN, The Vineyard, Garston, near f_* • Liverpool, is now olTering a large and splendid stock ot strong, short-jointed, and thoroughly ripened GRAPEVINES, suitable for fruiting in pots and planting Vineries. Catalogues free. The Trade supplied. AMPTON COURT BLACK HAM- BURGH VINE.— Strong fruiting well ripened Canes of this well known Grape, ss., js. GtL, and lor. 6.t each ; Planting Canes, 3^, 6d. each. Also a good stock of most of the best kinds. T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston, Surrey. To the Trade. EDMUND PHILIP DIXON'S New Trade CATALOGUE of Garden and Agricultural Seeds. Sent free on aoplication. EDMUND PHILIP DIXON, Seed Merchant. Hull. To the Trade. NUTTING AND SONS having now posted their Annual Wholesale Garden, Agricultural and Flower Seed C.'\TALOCiUE to all their friends, it not to hand, on application another shall be immediately forwarded. NUTTING AND SONS, Seed Merchants, 60, Barbican, London. E.C. Fit for Immediate Working, ROSA MANETTI and R. MULTIFLORA DE LA GRIFFERAIE, 25s per loco, .£10 per 10,000. A. M. C. JONGKINDT CONI.VCK, Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, near Zwolte, Netherlands. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Roses, &c. rpiHE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY -L COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, respectfully request the attention of intending planters to their most extensive and superior stock of the above, CATALOGUES on application. EOSES, Moss, for Sale : about 20,000. — Apply to H. THORNTON, i. Maxwell Road. Fulham, S.W. Superbly Illustrated Chromolithographlo GARDENING GUIDE and SEED CATALOGUE for 1S79. The most beautiful Chromolithographic Gardening Guide yet published. Post-free 12 stamp.*. To be deducted by purchaser when ordering. C. R. FREEMAN and FREEMAN, Economic Seedsmen, Norwich. Planting Season. JAMES DICKSON and SONS beg to draw attention to their very superior and very extensive Stock of hardily-grown and well-rooted TREES and PLANTS of every description. Priced CATALOGUES post-free. "Newton" Nurseries, Chester. OLD MEDAL BEGONIAS.— Seed saved from our unrivalled collection of named varieties, in sealed packets, is. 6d. and 2S. 6d. post-free. Special offers to the Trade. JOHN LAING and CO., Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E. HE DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of FRUIT TREES is now ready, and will be forwarded free by post, on receipt of three penny scamps. CATALOGUES of ROSES and ORCHARD-HOUSE TREES post-free on application. THOMAS RIVERS and SON. Sawbridgeworth, Herts. XT' R U I T I N G PLANTS X' of PEACHES, NECTARINES. APRICOTS, and GRAPE VINES, a large and fine stock, now offered for Sale, THOMAS RIVERS and SON, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. To the Trade. pnOICE GARDEN and FARM SEEDS, \-J of reliable quality, for Market Gardeners and Seedsmen. Our Priced LIST is now ready, and will be sent post-free. Apply to HARRISON and SONS, Seed Growers, Leicester. EW CUCUMBER.— Stanstead Rival is a genuine novelty, and will take its place as the best Cucumber grown. Sealed packets 2^. td. each. The Trade supplied. JOHN LAING AND CO., Seedsmen, Forest Hill, S.E. To the Trade. SEED POTATOS.— Our SPECIAL LIST, containing all the best English and American varieties grown by us the past season, may now be had. post-free, on application. H. AND F. SHARPE, Seed Growers, Wisbech. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 4, 1879. SALES BY AUCTION. Consignment of Plants from Ghent. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY, January 8, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, choice large double-flowered CAMELLIAS full of buds, specimen Indian AZALEAS, choice named RHODODENDRONS, DRACVENAS, PALMS, t'tc. from a well-known Nursery in Ghent : Standard and Dwarf ROSES. Pyramid FRUIT TREES, HERBACEOUS PLANTS. Specimen CONIFERS, and Hardy and Ornamental TREES and SHRUBS. GLADIOLI and LILIUMS, SPIR^AS and LILY of the VALLEY, BULBS from Hollaod, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Lilium neilgherrense. MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY. January 9, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, a quantity of CHOICE LILIES and other BULBS ; including good flowering bulbs of Lilium neilgherrense. The white flowers of this magnificent Lily are deliciously fragrant and of great substance. It bears several flowers on a stem, each flower nearly a foot long. Also good flowering bulbs of Lilium neilgherrense flavum : this is similar to the typical form, but of a deep cream colour, and decidedly more yellow ; Lilium neilgherrense tubiflorum : this variety has the tube much narrower up to the mouth, where it reflexes ^ddenly >oas to display more of the inner surface — figured in Wight's Icones PlantanuK Indite Oriaitalis. Lilium neilgher- rense tubiflorum luteum : the flowers of this variety are much yellower than in preceding type. All the varieties of Lilium neilgherrense are most beautiful, and are remarkable for the freeness with which they produce blossoms. The rare Lilium columbianum, L. Krameri, the beautiful L. speciosum, the new L. Batemannia, and some large bulbs of that large and remark- able Aroid, Godwinia gigas : and some good bulbs of the rare and handsome Crinum australe.C. giganteum, C. americanum, &c. ; 10,000 Lilium auratum, and other Lilies just arrived from Japan in splendid condition ; consignment of HARDY PLANTS and BULBS from North America ; 3000 TIGRIDIA GRANDIKLORA from New Jersey; and a consignment of BULBS from Holland. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Valuable OrcMds. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from Mr. William Bull to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on FRIDAY, January 10. at half-past i2 0*Clock precisely, some good established plants of the new and beautiful white-flowered L/ELIA, ** L. ANCEPS ALBA:" some fine specimens of the new and handsome DENDROBIUM SUPERBIENS ; good plants of the new and pretty Laelia-like ARUNDINA BAMBUS/EFOLIA. the dehciously fragrant TRICHOSMA SUAVIS, DENDROBIUM McCARTHI^E. and other choice ORCHIDS : also CCELOGYNES CORYM- BOSA, GLANDULOSA, FLACCIDA, CRISTATA. and OCELLATA. These white-flowered sweet-scented CCELO- GYNES are most useful where cut flowers are required, or for general decorative purposes. And at the same time will be sold a dozen good plants of the far-famed and handsome DRACAENA GOLDIEANA. On view the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tooting, S.W. In Liquidation.— /if Wm. Rollisson & Sons. HIGHLY IMPORTANT CLEARANCE SALE of INDOOR STOCK at the Nurseries. Tooting. ^ of a mite from Tooting Junction, and i mile from Balham Station MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS having been instructed by the Trustee to SELL by AUCTION the whole of the INDOOR STOCK (the contents of Fifty-si.\ Greenhouses and Pits), without the slightest reser- vation, purpose holding the first Sale on the Premises, the Nurseries. Tooting, S.W. , on MONDAY, January 13 and four following days, commencing at 12 o'Clock precisely each day. The stock to be oflered will comprise the whole of the e.vtensive and beautiful collection of established ORCHIDS, including several fine specimens, amongst which may be specially named Cattleya quadricolor, Mendelii, gigas, Trian^:, Regnelli and others ; Lrelia flava, purpurala, autumnalis, Perrinii ; Oncidium sessile, Cymbidium eburneum, Odonto- glossum vexillarium Roezlii ; Saccolabium guttatum, Cypri- pedium Sedeni, Harrisianum, Parishii, villosum, and super- biens : many fine Vandas, Cffilogyne cristata, Dendrobium Falconeri, filiforme ; aUo upwards of 7000 medium-sized and smaller plants, including complete collections of VANDAS, including Parishii (very rare), suavis, Veitchii, and Rol- lissoni, tricolor, formosa, meleagris, 50 coerulea, 50 ccerulescens. 50 Gower^ (rare) ; Dendrobium Wardianum, 100 cambridgeanum, crassinode, suavis^mum, thyrsiflorum and Farmeri : Camarotis purpurea. 100 Saccolabium ampul- laceum, 200 S. curvifolium ; 100 Aerides Lobbii. afline. superba (the finest variety bloomed in this country) ; 200 Cattleya citrina, 200 L.'ciia autumnalis. and a large and rich assortment of other Cat- tleyas and Laslias. complete collection of Miltonias, Masdevallias, Cypnpediums, Lycaste Skinneri, Odontoglossums in great variety, including 36 O. Phal^enopsis, 200 O. Alexandra;, 300 O. cirrhoRum, 40 O. citrosmum, 200 O. Insleayi leopardinum ; Ansectochilus of sorts, Spathiglottis Lobbii, and other rare and valuable kinds ; a quantity of Phala^nopsis Schilleriana and rosea ; also a fine assortment of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including 50 handsome Tree Ferns, with splendid trunks and well-developed heads, ranging from 4 to 8 feet ; also a beautiful assortment of Crotons and Dracaenas, including all the recent novelties ; several choice Palms and Ferns, including Cyphokentia macrocarpa, Verschaflfeltia splendida, Kentia. Wendlandi ; Todea intermedia, grand specimen ; several T. pel- lucida, Nephrolepis Duffii ; a considerable number of Camellias and Azaleas, mostly set with flower-buds ; also the entire col- lection (believed to be the most complete of its kind) of half- specimen and quarter-specimen hard-wooded HEATHS; also the entire stock of young Heaths in No. da pots and stores, including 22,000 E. hyemalis, 15,000 E. gracilis, 7000 E. Wil- moreana, and other soft-wooded species ; also 2000 choice hard-wooded Heaths in 60-pots in great variety, together with a selected assortment of NEW HOLLAND PLANTS, includ- ing Boronia elatior, Grevillea Pressii, Pultcunia rosea, Leschen- aultia formosa, Aphelexis macranlha purpurea, Genetyllis tulipifera, Lapageria alba and rosea, 500 Fruiting VINES in pois. together with collections of Vegetable and Flower SEEDS. The stock may be viewed at any time. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ; of Mr. GEORGE WHIFFIN Accountant. S. Old Jewry. E.G. ; of Messrs. LEWIS, MUNNS AND LONGDEN, Solicitors. 8. Old Jewry, E.C. ; and of the Auctioneers and Valuers, gS, Gracechurch Street, E.C, and Leytonstone, E. Note.— One week will be allowed for the clearance of the stock, but in the event of frost setting in the time will be extended to one month. Purchasers can arrange with the Manager, Mr. Gower, to have their lots packed and despatched. Gentlemen who cannot attend the Sale can have their commis- sions attended to by the Auctioneers. By Order of the Mortgagees.- Tooting, Surrey, S.W. ^ of a mile from Tooting Junction, and 1 mile from Balham Station. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from the Mortgagees to SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart, Tokenhouse Yard, London, E.C. on THURSDAY, Janiuary 9, at i for 2 o'clock precisely, the very attractive and almost unique FREEH(.)LD ESTATE, of 5 a. or. 25 p., or there.ibouts, distinguished as " The Nurseries." and known also as " RoUisson's Nurseries." Tooting, Surrey, S.W., established for nearly a cen- tury, enjoyiuK a world-wide reputation, and considered to be one of the leading Nurseries in the kingdom, and offering as a going concern to any one desirous of embarking in a high- class Nurseryman's and Florist's Business an unprecedented opportunity. Comprises an excellent detached Residence, contammg seven Rooms and Offices, spacious SEED WARE- HOUSE, with capital Office and Store-room over — ver>' large and handsomely designed Conservatory adjoining ; the extensive ranges of GLASS, containing altogether 29,000 feet super, of Glass and Woodwork, and consisting of 26 GREEN- HOUSES, and several Brick-built PITS, the ivhole m good repair, and heated on the most approved principles by about ("1500 feet of hot-water piping ; 16 BOILERS, three ol which have been recently fixed, suitable Tanks. Propagating Cases, and all requisite appliances for growing to the greatest per- fection every class of Plants : 3 COTTAGES, PACKING SHED fitted with Crane, .STABLING for 4 Horses, COACH- HOUSE, range of WORKSHOPS and other Outbuildings, the whole being brick-built and most complete in all their arrangements. Particulars may be obtained at the Mart, of Messrs. GATLIFF AND HOWSE. Solicitors, 8, Finsbury Circus, E.C. ; of Messrs. LEWIS, MUNNS and LONGDEN, Soli- citors, S, Old Jewry, E.C; of Mr. GEO. WHIFFIN, Account- ant, 8, Old Jewry, E.C: and of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. WANTED TO RENT, a small NURSERY with Seed-shop and Dwelling-house attached, within easy distance from London. Address, T. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, W.C. O ii DISPOSED oi\ a. CUT FLOWER NURSERY, with immediate Possession, nine miles from Covent Garden. Twelve thousand feet of newly-erected Glass. Apply to Mr. T. A. DICKSON, Covent Garden, W.C. ; or Messrs, PROTHEROE AND MORRIS. Gracechurch Street, E.C. To Florists and Nurserymen. TO BE LET, with immediate possession, the GARDEN, forming the centre of Princes .Square. Kennington Cross, S.E., with the Glasshouse thereon, fitted with Hot-water Piping ; also a small DWELLING HOUSE adjoining, with extra Land (if required). Apply, Messrs. WARING and NICHOLSON, Surveyors, 53, Parliament Street. Westminster, S.W. Old Leake, near Boston, Lincolnshire. TO BE LET, with immediate possession, about 2 acres of NURSERY GROUND, well stocked with young thriving stock, and also 3 acres of ORCHARD, planted 12 years with best market sorts. The Nursery Stock consists of Roses of all the best sorts. 2000 common Colchic, coaliflora, microphylla, and other Laurels : 1000 Fruit Trees of the best kinds, 1000 Ligustrum coaliflora : fine specimen Shrubs in sorts, and a stock of young Evergreen and Ornamental Trees. There is a Dwelling-house and Premises adjoining on the land. The Stock to be taken at a valuation. Rent ;C3o per annum. For further particulars apply to Mr. GEORGE JAY, 8, Bank Street, Lincoln. Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full particulars of the above, and can be obtained gratis at 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. Transit Agency for Plants, Seeds, &c. CJ. BLACKITH AND CO. (established • 1822), Cox's and Hammond's Quays, Lower Thames Street, London, S.E. — Forwarders to all parts of the world. R. GEORGE BUNYARD, Horticul- TURAL Valuer, Nurseryman, Seedsman, and Florist (of the firm of Thomas Bunyard & Sons), IMaidstone, Kent, ^ Valuations made for Probate, Partnership, Incoming or Outgoing Tenants, or other purposes. Terms on application. p ATALOGUES. — His Excellency Pierre Vy Wolkenstein will feel greatly obliged if Nurserymen and Seedsmen will kindly send him their Catalogues. They should be forwarded (by post) to S. E. PIERRE WOLKENSTEIN, Secretaire de la Societe' Imperiale d'Horticulture de Russie. St. Petersburg. /CHRISTMAS ROSES. — Helleborus niger, V-/ strong blooming plants. Sample and price on application to THOS. KITLEY, Oldfield Nursery, Bath. RAPES THIS YEAR.— Splendid well- ripened short-jointed Canes for immediate fruiting. Apply to JAMES DICKSON and SONS. Newton Nurseries, Chester. To the Trade-Seed Catalogue. HAND F. SHARPE bei,^ to announce that • their SEED CATALOGUE has been ported to all their customers. Any one not having received it will oblige by applying at once to Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. ODEAS.— Healthy young plants of T. superba and T. hymenophylloides (pellucida), free and safe by post, is. 6d. each for prepayment. Trade price (low) per 100, or lesser quantities, on application. ROBERT SIM, Sidcup Hill Nursery. Foot's Cray. Kent. Coming into Flower. He AN NELL has now a great quantity of • the following, in fine condition, which will be sure to give satisfaction : — PRIMULAS, showing flower, 5^. to -js. per dozen ; CALCEOLARIAS, Spotted, 2.^. per dozen by post, established 6s. per dozen ; CYCLAMEN, 55. and loy. per dozen, full of flower-buds ; HYACINTHS, two in a pot, 6.?. to 125. per dozen ; TULIPS, three and iour in a pot, 6s. per dozen. Special prices for large quantities. Economy in Gardening. TO PURCHASERS OF LARGE QUANTITIES. Asylums, Unions, Hotels, and Public Institutions. SUTTON AND SONS are prepared to place purchasers of large quantities on favourable terms. Apply stating quantities required, to SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. Reading." To the Trade. Tj^ASTLOTHIAN STOCK. — '^-^ A splendid sample of Pure White, very fine, grown apart from all others : also Scarlet Brompton ; and Dr. Masters Pelargonium and New Coleus, Prices on application. Radway Nurseries, Ardleigh, Colchester, Essex. TAMES FARRAR and CO., beg to an- f* nounce the publication of their Wholesale CATALOGUE of SEEDS for the present season, which will be forwarded post-free on application. Seed Warehouse, 86, Golden Lane, Barbican, London, E.C. T7*ENTISH FRUIT TREES of every -*-■*- description, in 300 varieties, including some dwarf Pyramid Fruitin- APPLES suitable for windy districts, at extraordinarily low prices. Before purchasing elsewhere send for Special LIST to T. EVES, Gravesend Nurseries. — Established 1810. OR SALE, CHEAP for CASH.— Green and Variegated HOLLIES from i foot to 4 feet, YEWS 1 foot to 6 feet, LIMES 5 feet to 7 feet, Portug.il LAURELS 2 feet to 5 feet. 2-yr. APPLES, and other NURSERY STOCK. Also Sutton's Magnum Bonum POTATOS, warranted true. W. TRIGG, Hook Hill, Woking Station. East LotMan Stocks. TODD AND CO.. SEEDSMEN, Maitland Street, Edinburgh, offer SEEDS of these splendid Stocks, saved from very carefully selected strains, in the following colours ; — Crimson (very superb). Purple, Rose, Scarlet, White, and White WalUlower-leaved, in packets at i^. and 2S. bd. each. Amateurs' packets (>d. each. Planting Season. E BURGESS begs to offer the following : • Strong Standard APPLES, PEARS, ROSES, Standard and Dwarf Trained APRICOTS. Turkey and English OAK, English and Scotch ELMS, LIMES up to isfeet, BEECH up to 7 feet, SWEET BAYS, APPLE STOCKS, and a general NURSERY STOCK. Prices on application. The Nurseries, London Road, Cheltenham. To tlie Trade —Immense quantities of extra fine SEEDLINGS and TRANSPLANTED PLANTS— Quicks, Scotch Firs. Alders, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, &c. For Descriptive CATALOGUE, apply to LEVAVASSEUR and SON, Nurserymen, Ussy, Calvados. France; or to their Agents. Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON. 15, Harp Lane, Great Tower Street, London, E.C. To the Trade. LIMES, 4 to 6 feet, 20,f. per loo ; 6 to 8 feet, 30J. per TOO. ASH, Mountain, 4 to 5 feet, 3aj. per 1000. WALNUTS, 6 to 8 feet, 30^. per 100. PINE, Weymouth, 2.yr., 2'yr. out, 25^. per 1000. General Nursery TRADE LIST on application. W. P. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Nurserymen, Dundee, N.B. QUTTON'S MAGNUM BONUM k-? POTATO, warranted true, sound, and a good sample. SNOWFLAKE, just imported from America. A few tons each of the above to be sold cheap. A sample sack (i68 lb.) of each sort on receipt of 27^. dd., new sack included. Trade List of other Seed Potatos on application. D. BRINKWORTH and SONS. Seed Potato Growers. Reading. M. KNIGHT, of the Floral Nurseries, Hailsham. Sussex, offers from his large Stocks of Standard and Dwarf ROSES. FRUIT TREES of all sizes. Scarlet and other RHODODENDRONS well set with buds CONIFER/E and EVERGREENS, and DECIDUOUS TREES for Avenues, by the dozen, 100 or 1000. at very low prices for well-grown stuff. O THE TRADE.— PEARS, Williams' Bon Chri^tienand Hessell, Standards, 75r. per too ; PLUMS, Victoria, Dwarf-trained, nos. per loo : CHERRIES. Standard, 751. per 100 ; also trained PEACHES, APRICOTS, and APPLES. CAT.\LOGUES on application to WILLIAM FLETCHER, Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey. SPARAGUS ROOTS.— A superb lot of extra strong Connover's Colossal, for forcing ; also a large quantity of i, i and 3-yr. RHUBARB. — Linnxus, Victoria, Scarlet Defiance, Prince Albert, extra fine stools, CHARLES R. FREEMAN and FREEMAN, Seed Growers, Norwich. pONIFERS, GREEN HOLLIES, and V^* TREES.— Cedrus Deodara. 3 feet. 2^.6*1'.: C. Libani, 3 feet, IS. 6d. ; Thujopsis borealis, 5 feet, is. 6d. ; Thuja gigantea, 4 feet, ^s. 6d. : Cupressus Lawsoniana viridis, 4 feet, 2s. 6d. ; Swedish Juniper, 4 feet, is. 6d., 6 feet. 2s. 6d. i Golden Retinospora, 2 feet, 2s. 6d. ; Ericoides, 2 feet, if. ; Gold and Silver Hollies, 2 feet, 2s. ; Picea nobilis, 3 feet, js. i Pinsapo, 3 feet, 2s. 6d. ; Nordmanniana, 3 feet, 2s. 6d., 4 feet, 4^., 5 feet, 5^. ; Limes, 15 feet, 2s. 6d. ; Birch, 15 feet, is. ; Chestnuts in variety, i^. each ; Scarlet Oak. 15 feet, xs. ; Araucarias, 4 feet, 20s. ; 5 feet, 301. ; Rhododendrons, scarlet, rose, white, 2 feet, 2s. 6d. \ Green Hollies i to x% foot, 25*. per 100. E. WALKER, Famborough. Hants. One Penny Each. GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS. — The finest scarlet Gladiolus in cultivation, also FLDRI- BUNDUS. nearly pure white, fine sound Flowering Bulbs, any quantity, from i to 10,000, at the above price. A few thou'iand Smaller Bulbs, mixed, at 5^. per 100. Also HOLLYHOCKS, fine seedling plants, at -^d. each, 2s, 6d. per dozen. £1 per 100. Double DAISIES. Red, White, and Hen-and-Chickens, 5s. per 100 : Double dark Crimson, 6s. per roo. CATALOGUE for 1S79, containing 500 Illustrations, post-free for IS. BIDDLES AND CO., The " Penny Packet Seed Company,* Loughborough. January 4, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. To THE TRADE. MUSSEL STOCKS, 451. per jooo. CRAB STOCKS. 35J. per icxxi. Samples of the above may be had on application to JOHN STANDISH and CO., Royal Nurseries. Ascot. MERICAN GROWN TUBEROSES.— The undersigned offers Double Tuberoses, first-class Bulbs, packed and free to Liverpool at £,s per 1000, in quanti- ties of not less than 1000. JOHN SAUL, Washington. D.C. Roses. Fnilt Trees, and General Nursery Stock. WB. ROWE solicits the inspection by • Nurserymen of his extensive stock of the above, which are well-grown, and fit for removal. Barboume Nurseries, Worcester. Roses. Fruit Trees, &o. WILLIAM FLETCHER'S CATALOGUE for the present season is now ready, and may be had on application. The stock is very large and most healthy. The Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey. To the Trade. HAND F. SHARPE beg to announce that • their Special LIST of GARDEN and AGRI- CULTURAL SEEDS is Now Ready, and may be obtained on application. Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech. RAPE VINES. — Fine strong planting Canes of most of the leading sorts, 31M. and 365'. per dozen for cash. T. MILNER AND SON, Nurserymen, Bradford, Yorkshire. O THE TRADE.— VEGETABLE, FLOWER and AGRICULTURAL SEEDS, of sterling quality only. Our own, and other carefully selected Novelties of the season. — SANDER and CO. , Seed Growers, St. Albans. To tlie Trade. NEW POTATO. " PRIDE of ONTARIO." Hand F. SHARPE are now sending out • the above most prolific and handsome shaped new Potato. Full description and price may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. WELVE NEW GLOXINIAS for lis., including the grand new novelties shown at Paris Exhi- bition, small growing Bulbs in 2-inch pots, or dry, free by post : also large-flowering bulbs of fine AMARYLLIS, imported from Peru, 42,r. per dozen, JOHN H. LEY, Royal Nursery, Croydon. FRUIT TREES.— Pyramidal Pears, fruiting trees, 6 to 8 feet, my selection, iSj. per dozen ; Currants. Black Naples, fruiting bushes, i6,r. per ico ; Standard Morello Cherries. 6 feet stems, bushy heads, in flower-bud, 18^. per dozen ; Standard Plums. 6 feet stems, bushy heads, in flower- bud, \Zs. per dozen; Medlars and Walnuts, bushy heads, i%s. per dozen. Fruit Tree CATALOGUE gratis. J. GEORGE HILL (late John Scott), The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. EE'S NEW VIOLET ODORATISSIMA. — Habit dwarf and compact, quite distinct from any other variety ; colour, purplish azure, changing to pale azure when fully developed ; form, fine ; scent, exquisite. As the opinions of the Press, &c., were given last spring, they will not be repeated here. Plants at any lime when the weather is favourable, at the following rates ; — 15^. per dozen, Ss. td. per half-dozen, 55. per quarter-dozen. The Trade supplied when one dozen or more are taken on the usual terms. — GEORGE LEE, F.R.H.S., Market Gardener, Clevedon, Somerset. Established Upwards of a Century. DICKSONS AND CO., Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists, i, Waterloo Place, Edin- burgh, beg to call the attention of those about to plant to their extensive Stock of FOREST TREES. SHRUBS for Game Coverts, FRUIT TREES, &c.. which have been grown in exposed situations. D. & Co. are now sending out their Bedding VIOLAS and PANSIES (of which they hold the largest stock in the country), Early and Late PHLOXES, &c. Descriptive CATALOGUES free on application. To the Trade.— Vines— Vines— Vines. WG. CALDWELL and SONS have • still extra strong fruiting Black Hamburgh VINES to offer, excellent stuff, at 5^. 6OBERT AND GEORGE NEAL, ^ Wandsworth Common and Garrett Lane Nurseries, beg respectfully to call attention to their large and varied Stock of HARDY. ORNAMENTAL, FOREST, FRUIT TREES and SHRUBS, which are grown at their Nurseries, especially those Trees, &c., which are most suitable for growing m or near large towns. An early inspection invited. All goods delivered free on rail in London, or at own residence, within five miles of the Nurseries. CATALOGUES free by post on application. Planting Season. MESSRS. JOHN STANDISH AND CO. beg to call the attention of those engaged in planting to their e-xtensive and well-grown stock of EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS PLANTS. FOREST TREES. &c. All are without exception well rooted and in fine condition for removal. The following list comprises a few of those Trees, of which they grow immense quantities : — LAUREL, common, 2 to 2>^ feet. ,, ,, 3 to 4 feet, ,, caucasicum, feet, ,, obovata, ij^ to 2 feet. ,, latifolia, I to 1% foot. ,, Portugal, 1% to 2% feet. ,. ., 3 to 4 feet. HOLLY, Green, i to 1% foot ,, hybrid, i^^ to 2 feet. „ ,, 2 to 3 feet. ,, variegated, in variety. ROSES, H.P., in variety. Standards. „ ,, Half-standard .s. ,, ,, Dwarfs. „ Tea, in pots, in great variety. ,, Gloire de Dijon, extra strong. „ Maiechal Niel, extra strong. V2 FOREST TREES, Acacia, 3 to 4 and 10 feet. Birch, 3 to 4 feet and 10 to 15 feet. Chestnut, 2 to 4 feet. Pinus Laricio, i to 2 feet. Pinus austriaca, i to 1% foot. Scotch Fir. I to ij^ foot. Spruce, ij^ to 2%, feet. Weymouth, 3 to 4 feet. RHODODENDRON, fine named varieties. ,, seedling, 2 to 4 feet, fine. „ ponlicum, 12 lo 18 inches, very bushy. YEW, English, 2, 3 and 4 feet. „ Irish, 3, 4 and 5 feet. BOX, 2 to 2% feet, AUCUBAS. green and variegated. BERBERIS, Darwinii. ,, Aquifolium. CLEMATIS, IVIES, and other CLIMBING PLANTS, and a vast variety of EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS. Also FRUIT TREES.—Pyramid Apples, Pears, Plums ; Trained Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Nectarines, Pears, Peaches and Plums. Samples and quotations on application. Royal Nurseries, Ascot, Berks. QPECIAL TRADE O F F E R.— 200,000 O MANETTI ROSE STOCKS, clean grown and well rooted — fit, if required, for immediate working (note, not old cut-backs or old stools), 305. per 1000, £12 10s. per 10,000. 60,000 extra strong SEAKALE. fit for immediate forcing, 80s. per 1000. Good planting SEAKALE, 30j-. per 1000. For cash with orders. RICHARD LOCKE, Rose Farm, Redhill, Surrey. LPAILLET, NURSERYMAN, Chatenay las • Sceaux. near Paris, has to offer the following : — Roses, Fruit Trees, maiden or trained ; Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Tree and sinensis Paionies ; Magnolia Lenne. oxoniensis and others ; Camellias, Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Clematises, Conifers, Bamboos, Yuccas, tuberous Begonias, Viola Belle de Chatenay and others : Trees for Avenues, such as Acers. Platanus, Horse Chestnut, FRUIT TREE STOCKS, FOREST TREES, and others of every description grown in large quantities : Manetti, De la Grifferaie and Brier Rose Stocks. Send for Trade List and Catalogues to L. P., as above : or to his Agents in London, Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 15, Harp Lane. Great Tower Street, E.C. Australian Plants and Seeds. EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS, PALMS, CYCADS, FERNS, and all kinds of PLANTS and SEEDS indigenous to Australia, Fiji, &c., supplied on the most reasonable terms. Priced CATALOGUES and Special Quotations on application. SHEPHERD AND CO., Nurserymenand Seedsmen, Darhng Nursery. Sydney, New South Wales. (Established 1827.! Agents: Messrs. C. J. BLACKITH and CO., Cox's Quay, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. ^^ Special Cheap Offer of riHOICE SHRUBS.— V.^THUJA AUREA, 18 inches, 14J. per dozen. ELEGANTISSIMA, 18 to 22 inches, i+r. per dozen. " SEMPER AURESCENS, 18 inches, 16s, perdozen. RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA AUREA. 2feet, 20s. p.doz. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA LUTEO, 2-yr. grafted, I2J. per dozen. Package free. Cash with orders. T. FLETCHER and SON, Nurserymen, &c., Chesterfield THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 4, 1879. WM. PAUL & SON, (Succcbsors to the late A. Paul & Son, Established 1806,) ROSE GROWERS, TREE, PLANT, UULB, AND SEED MERCHANTS. WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS. Adjoining the " Waltham " Station, Great Eastern Railway. Insfiection 0/ Stock invited. Priced Descriptive Catalogues free by post, FELTON & SONS' SEED CATALOGUE FOR 1879 is now ready. And contains the best Vegetables and Flowers, with Practical Directions for their Successful Cultivation. Gratis mid Post-free. ROYAL NURSERIES and SEED WAREHOUSE, Harborne Road. Birmingham. All Seeds we Sell are New a7td Unadnlternted. CRANSTON'S NURSERIES, Established 1785. EIGHTY ACRES. ROSES, FRUIT TREES, CONIFERS, FOREST TKEES, &c. Descriptive and P/'iced Catalogues for 187S now ready. Address — CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD. FOR SPETNG, 1879. For the Best JList OF CHOICE KITCHEN GARDEN FLOWER SEEDS, ms lSEEDj|POTATOS,I&c.,| Price Is., pObt-iree. Gratis to Customers and intending Purchasers. Should be in the hands of every one having a Garden. DANIELS BROS., Royal Norfolk Seed Establishment y NORWICH. BS. WILLIAMS bej^^s to announce that • his stock of VINES is this year unusually fine, and comprises all the leading kinds, including " Alnwick Seedlir^." Kor descriptions and prices, sec B. S. W.'s BULB CATA- LOGUE for this year. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, London, N. The Largest Black Grape in Cultivation, GROS GUILLAUME (ROBERTS' VARIETY). WTAIT AND CO. can now supply planting • Canes of this wonderful Grape, which is quite distinct from the old Gros Guillaume and Barbarossa. For particulars see Gardeners Chronicle, pp. 632 and 692. The Canes now offered are from eyes taken from Mr. Roberts' parent Vine at Charleville, Planting Canes, 7*. td. each, stronger, \qs. 6d. each. W. TAIT AND CO., Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Dublin. SPECIAL TRADE OFFER.— 50,000 Dwarf ROSES on Manetti, finest plants in the Trade, my selection, all first-rate sorts; -xos. per 100, £1-2 los. per 1000. 50,000 Strong SEAKALE, for Forcing, 40J. per 1000. 100,000 Giant ASPARAGUS, i-yr. ^s. td. per 1000, 2-yr. 135. per rooo, 3-yr. -zos, per 1000. 100,000 i-yr. cultivated seedling BRIERS, fine, 20J. per 1000. For cash with orders. RICHARD LOCKE, Alexandra Nurseries and Rose Farm, Redhill, Surrey. Special Offer. WB A L L AND C O., Bedford Road • Nursery, Northampton, having a very large Stock of the undermentioned Trees, &€., m fine condition for removal, have much pleasure in offering them at the following low prices :— ASH, 2 to aj^ feet, fine, 20J'. per 1000 " 3 to 5 feet, fine, 255. per icxra BERBERIS, Aquifolia. i to i]4 foot, very good, tis. per 1000 CHESTNUT, Horse, 6 to 8 feet, fine heads, 6oj. per 100 ,, Scarlet, 6 to 8 feet, fine heads, 100s. per 100 ELMS, Canadian. 8 to 10 feet, stems, with good heads, 100s. per 100 „ English (upright), 6 feet, stems, with good heads, iocs, per 100 GORSE, single, 10s. per 1000, 1% to 2 feet, strong. HORNBEAftl, 2 to 3 feet, very good, 2ar. per 1000 LIMES, 6 to 8 feet, very fine, ^os. per 100 ; 9 to 10 feet, very fine, JOS. per 100 POPLAR. Black Italian, 5 to 6 feet, fine, 8j. per 100 ; 8 to 10 feet, fine, izj. per 100 ,, Lombardy, extra fine trees, 8 to 10 feet, 30^. per 100 PRIVET, common, 2 feet, bushy, los, per 1000 ,, ovalifolium, 3 to 4 feet, 50^. per 1000 Walnuts, extra quality, 6 to 8 feet, 6as. per 100 CHERRIES, Morello, dwarf trained, 6 to 7 shooted, extra fine 20.S. per do2cn APRICOTS, Moor Park, dwarf trained, 6 to 7 shooted, strong, 24J. per dozen ROSES, extra fine Standards, with large heads, fine varieties, A, feet stems, own selection, 70.S. per 100 APPLES, fine Standards, in variety, ovra selection, 60s. per 100 PEARS, fine Standards, in variety, own selection, 75.J. per too CATALOGUES of General Nursery Stock on application. SPECIAL CHEAP OFFER of WINTER and SPRING BEDDING PLANTS. AURICULA. Alpine, fine strain, in 60-pois, la&r. per 1000, 155^. per 100. DAISY, Aucubfefolia, golden netted foliage, strong clumps, 30J. per 1000, 4s. per 100. ,, Crown, fine, strong clumps, 251. per 1000, 31. per 100. „ Rob Roy, fine red, ditto, 25*. per 1000, y. per loo. „ Bride, finest laree while, ditto, 35.1. per 1000, 41. per 100. MENTHA PULEGIUM, strong clumps, 155. per 1000, 2J. per 100. MYOSOTIS DISSITI FLORA, true, well rooted fine clumps, 40J. per 1000, 5^. per 100. PANSY, Cliveden Blue, fine healthy plants, sor. per 1000, 6s. per 100. „ Blue King, ditto, 50.J. per 1000. 6s. per 100. PRIMROSE, Single Lilac, strong, 6^. per 100. ,, Double Yellow, ditto, 85.^. per 1000. 10s. per 100. ROCKETS, Double Purple, ditto, los. per 100. ,, Double White, ditto, Zs. per 100. CATALOGUE of General Nursery Stock on application. W. BALL AND CO., Bedford Road Nursery, Northampton. Plants, Special. The present is the best time for planting HARDY NORTH AMERICAN ORCHIDS, such as Cypripedium, Habenaria, Orchis, &c., in their many species, of which we offer a splendid stock of newly imported plants with strong flowering crowns. Also DISA GRANDI FLORA, in imported clumps, full of tubers, from 5^. each. This is the most beautiful of terrestrial Orchids, and ought to prove quite hardy in England. N. B. The North American Orchids, grown as Cool-house Orchids, are most charming ; and as their prices, for flowering plants, range from 2s. td. to 35. 6d. each (and less when more are taken) they are within the reach of every one. CATALOGUES post-free on apolication. THE NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY, Colchester. QUEEN OF LILIES, LILIUM AURATUM. — Imported Bulbs are now arriving, and orders are solicited. This lovely Lily is quite hardy, and should be gene- rally grown. Before ordering send for Lily List, where all parti- culars are given. Prices, size No. i, 6d. ; No. 2, is. ; No. 3, is. 6d. ; No. 4, w. each. ORCHIDS.— Special offer of the following fine Orchids. for j^s 55. : — I plant Phala^nopsis Schilleriana, 2 plants Dendro- bium formosum giganteum, i plant Phalsenopsis grandiflora aurea, 4 plants Dendrobium cretaceum, i plant SaccoLibium guttatum, I plant Dendrobium barbatulum, 3 plants Calanthe rubra and luteo occulata, i plant Dendrobium Pierrardi, i pot Limatodes rosea. All orders to be accompanied by a remittance. Lily and Orchid LIST sent on application to WILLIAM GORDON. 10, Cullum Street, London, E.C., Lily Bulb and Plant Importer. LADIOLI, DAHLIA, CANNA, ACHI- MENES, and other MISCELLANEOUS BULBS. Our Special CATALOGUE of ithe above for 1878-70 is Now Ready, and will be handed to all Gardeners and Amateurs, post-free, on application to Messrs. MERTENS ani> CO.. 5, Billiter Square, London, E.C. ; or to ourselves direct, ANT. ROOZEN AND SON, Overveen, near Haarlem, Holland. GEO. J ACKM AN & SON, (Established 1810,) CultivatorB of FRUIT and FOREST TREES, Evergreen and Flowering TREES and SHRUBS, ROSES, RHODODENDRONS, Coni/cn and Hardy Climbers. THE CLEMATIS A SrECIALlTV. Descriptive Priced Catato^^ues free. WOKING NTJRSERT, STTRKEY. CHOICE HOME-GROWN SEEDS FOR 1879. JOra CATTELL'S Descriptive CATALOGUE of tlie above, containing many Illustrations of Vegetables and Flowers, is now ready, and may be had post- free on application. The following J. C. can highly recommend : — PEAS, Cattell's Giant White Marrow, 31. per quart. BEAN, Early Purple Flageolet, highly recommended for forcing, ij. td. per pint. BEET, Cattell's Dwarf Purple-top, is. per packet. BROCCOLI. Cattell's Eclipse, the hardiest and latest in culii- vation. i^. 6d. per packet. BRUSSELS SPROUTS, Cattell's five selected, is. per packet. CABBAGE, Cattell's Reliance, is. per packet. CAULIFLOWER, Cattell's Improved Walcheren, is. td. pkt. CELERY, Cattell's Dwarf H.irdy Red, is. per p.ncket. CUCUMBER. Kirklees Hall Defiance, is. td. per packet. LEITUCE, Cattell's Leviathan Cos. 2s. td. per packet. .. Cattell's Hardy Whue Cos. 15. td. per packet. ONION. Cattell's Mammoth, is. td. per packet. PARSLEV, Cattell's E.\quisile Curled, td. and is. per packet. RADISH. Cattell's Purple Olive-shaptd, is. td. per packet. TURNIP, C.ittell's Silver Ball. td. and is. per packer. ., Cattell's Dwarf Purple-top. tii. and is. per packet. POTATO, Cattell's Eclipse Kidney, First-Class Certificate, 4^. per peck, ,, Cattell's Reliance Kidney, y. td. per peck. ,, Cattell's Advancer Kidney, -^s. td. per peck. FLOWER SEEDS. BEGONIA, saved from the finest tuberous-rooted sorts, is. 6d. per packet. CALCEOLARIA, saved from choice varieties, i.r. and zs. 6d. per packet. CINERARIA, from finest show flowers, i.r. and w. 6d. per pkt. HOLLYHOCK, from first-rate show flowers, is. and 2S. td. per packet- MIGNONETTE, Miles' New Hybrid Spiral, is. per packet. PRIMULA SINENSIS FIMBRIATA, mixed, w. and 2i-. 6^. per packet. „ SINENSIS FIMBRIATA ALBA, is. and ^s. 6d. per packet. „ SINENSIS FIMBRIATA RUBRA, is. and zs. 6d. per packet. „ SINENSIS, Waltham White, if. and zs. ed. per packet. NURSERY AND SEED ESTABLISHMENT, WESTERHAM, KENT. The Himtlngdon Niirsery and Seed Establishment. Established a Century and a Half. WOOD & INGRAM'S NEW and SELECT DESCRIPTIVE PRICED CATALOGUE of VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and AGRICULTURAL SEEDS {Including tlie I'cst Xoveltics of the Season), yrith short Cultural Instructions, Is now ready, and will be sent free on application. W. & I.'s GUINEA COLLECTION contains, without doubt, the most liberal assortment of the best Vegetable Seeds that can be obtained, and will be forwarded, carriase paid, to any part of the kingdom. January 4, 1879.]] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Garden Seeds. CHARLES TURNER'S Descriptive CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, containing several interesting and valuable novelties. BAILEY'S GREEN-FLESHED MELON " THE SQUIRE."— Great size, delicious flavour. First Prize at the Royal Botanic Society. Per packet, is. 6(/. NEW KIDNEY POTATO " EARLY BIRD."— Re- markably early and fine quality. Indispensable for frame work. First-class Certificate at the International Potato Show, Royal Aquaiium. Per peck, los. 6d. ; per lb., is. POTATO " SCHOOLMASTER."— The following few Testimonials from hundreds will show that it is uniformly good in all parts of the country : — " My opinion is that it is one of the very best Potatos we have."— A. F. Bakron, Ckiswick. " Your Schoolmaster is the very finest in cultivation for the table, and resists disease better than any PoUto I know."— W. Naish. IViiton. "To my taste I know no Potato equal to Schoolmaster. — Miss F. Mever, li^indcrmerc. " I had two tubers from a friend about two years ago, and from those two tubers I have this year dug 60 bushels."— J. Douglas, Loxford Hall. Per peck, 6^. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. EED POTATOS from SCOTLAND.— The following varieties have been carefully grown on newly leclaimed land, and will make an excellent change of Seed :— Dalmahoy Walker's Regents Paier».on's Victoria Prolific (Bresee's) Early Fortyfold Scutch Blue The Famous Champion American Early Rose Snowflake Climax (Bresee's) Schoolmaster While Rocks Skerry Blues : and a'l the leading New Varieties. Price per cwt. or ton on application. KERR AND FOTHERINGHAM, Seedsmen, Corn Exchange, Dumfries, Season 1879 TTEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS V of Superior Quality. Carriage Free. Priced Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing select Lists of these, also Potatos for planting. Hybrid Gladioli, and otlier Garden Requisites, is now published, and will be sent post-free on application. DICKSON AND ROBINSON. Seed Merchants and Nurserymen. 12, Old Millgate, Manchester. PRIZETAKER PEA.— About 50 quarters for Sale. Sample and price on application to THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34. Drapery, North- ampton. BULBS — BULBS — BULBS. Just imported. 150,000 Splendid CROCUS, colours separate: also a large collection of fine mixed English IRIS, rid. per dozen. Early and Late TULIPS, is. per dozen. LILIUMS, from i,d. each. ANEMONES, is. per dozen. RANUNCULUS, is. per dozen. GLADIOLUS, from ij. per dozen. SNOW- DROPS, 31. per 100. TIMOTHY BRIGDEN, F.R.H.S., Importer of Dutch and Cape Bulbs, 52, King William Street, City, E.C. ; and at the South-Eastern Railway Station, Cannon Street, E.C. Really Choice Seeds. LOXINIA CRASSIFOLIA GRANDI- FLORA, magnificent strain, quite distinct, leaves broad, fleshy, and re- G 5ifr> curvmg ; blooms very large and richly marked and coloured. Erecta and horizontalis, sepa- rate or mixed. Per packet. \s. and is. 6d. AURICULA, extra choice, mixed. Almost every plant from this seed ^vill give blooms of exquisite colouring, distmct eye and mar- gin, and perfection m form. Per pkt.. is. hd. PETUNIA, Double, large flowering lilo^t carefully hybridised ; yields a large percent- age of double flowers. Per packet. i.r, td. BEGONIA, Tuber- ©us rooted. — From a bUperb collection con- taining all the splendid new introductions in this class. Per pkt., single. IS. 6d. ; double, STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA.— Free-flowering variety from t' e Mauritius. Per packet, is. bd.. Post-free. J.\MES TYNAN, 68, Great George Street, Liverpool. SEEDS OF SUPERIOR QUALITY. Wm. Paul & Son {Successors to the late A. PAUL & SQ-ii— Established 1806) BEG TO ANNOUNCF. THAT THEIR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF SELECT VEGETABLE, FLOWER SEEDS, &c., is noiv ready, and -will be forwarded post-free on application. ^L1ny Seeds are home-grown, and all are selected with the utmost care from the most celebrated stocks at home and abroad, in order to secure their Customers the best quality that can be obtained. IMPORTANT.— Observe Christian Name— WM. PAUL & SON, PAUL'S NURSERIES and SEED WAREHOUSE, WALTHAM CROSS, LONDON, N. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from Mr. William Bull to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on FRIDAY, January 10, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, some good established plants of the new and beautiful white-flowered Lslia, LiELIA ANCEPS ALBA. The Gardener^ Chronicle, at page 756, remarks of this Laelia :— " Its peculiar characteristic is the purity of its white flowers, which equal those of a Phatenopsis, and whose texture may be compared to that of Lapageria alba. It must be seen to be appreciated, there is something so captivating in its dazzling whiteness." Also some fine Specimen Plants of the new and handsome DENDROBIUM S U P E E, B I E N S . This magnificent Dendrobium produces from fifteen to twenty flowers on a spike, of a bright amethyst-purple colour. The rich hue of the flowers of this Dendrobium, together with its free- blooming character, and the remarkably persistent nature of the blossoms, lasting as they individually do nearly three months, make it a most desirable species. Good plants of the new and pretty Lffilia-like ARUNDINA BAMBUSyEFOLIA ; the deliciously fragrant TRICHOSMA SUAVIS, DENDROBIUM McCARTHI/E, and other choice ORCHIDS. Also CCELOGYNES CORYMBOSA, GLANDULOSA, FLACCIDA, CRISTATA, and OCELLATA : these white- flowered, sweet-scented Coelogynes are most useful where cut flowers are required, or for general decorative purposes. And at the same time will be sold a dozen good plants of the far-famed and handsome DRAC/ENA GOLDIEANA. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C, TRANSPLANTED FOREST TREES. ASH, Common, 2, 3, to 4 feet, stout. BEECH, Common, iK to 1.% feet, stout. LARCH, Fir, i to i% foot, very fine and cheap. HAZEL. Common. 2 to 3 feet, and 3 to 4 feet, very fine. POPLAR, Black Italian, Balsam and Lombatdy, 2, 3, to 5 feet. TRANSPLANTED FRUIT TREES. CHERRIES, St.andards. Maidens and Cutbacks, leading sorts. APRICOTS, PEACHES, andNECTARINES,dwarf Maidens. FRUIT TREE STOCKS -.—Brussels, Mussel, Brompton, Common Plum and Pear. TRANSPLANTED CONIFERS, TREES AND SHRUBS. CEDRUS DEODARA, bushy, fine, iVi. 3. S. to 7 feet. CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS, z, 3 to 5 feel, fine. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, I to 10 feet, for screens. PICEA NORDMANNIANA. specimens. 2, 3. 5. to 7 feet PINUS CEMI;RA, fine, 2. 3, 5. to 7 feet. RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA. 1, 2. 3, to s feet, line. THUJA GIGANTEA, 2, 3. s, to 6 feet, fine. ,. LOBBI. 6 to 8 feet, suitable for screens. THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, 3, 4, to s feet, fine. AUCUBA JAPONtCA, busily, i\i to 2 feet. HOLLIES, Green, bushy, 3, 6, to 9 feet. ,. \'ariegated, bushy, 2, 3, 4, to 6 feet. YUCCAS, of sorts, fine. CHESTNUT, Horse, 7, S, 10. to 12 feet, for avenues. THORNS. Standards, of sorts. e.\tra fine. POPLARS, of sorts, 8, 10. to I2 feet. LIMES, very stout. 10, 12, to 15 feet, for avenues. PRIVET. Box-leaved, i, 2, to 3 feet, for hedges or covert. MANETTI Rose stocks, fine and cheap. AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII, in pots CLEMATIS JACKM ANNI. and others, in pots. DAPHNE CNEORUM, fine. The whole of the above Stock is in excellent condition for removal, of first-class quality, and grown in large quantities, and offered at low prices. For particulars apply to GEORGE JACKMAN and SON, Woking Nursery, Surrey. THE OXFORD ROSES, ON THK CULTIVATED SEEDLING BRIER. Geo. Peince Be^'s to oft'er the following 25 choice varieties, CarefuUy packed, Alfred Colomb Augusts Rigotard Baxan Haussmann Due de Rohan Duchess Vallombrosa Emilie Hausberg Etienne Dupuy Etienne Levet Fran';ois Michelon G^n-^ral Jacqueminot Hippolyte Jamain Jean L'labaud package included, 21s. John Hopper Le Havre Louis Van Houtte Madame Berard (Tea) Madame Lacharme Marie Rady Marie Guillot (Tea) Miss Hassard Moiis. Paul Ne'ron Pauline T.4labot Reynolds Hole Souvenir de Mons, BoU Thomas Mills. GEORGE PRINCE. OXFORD. HENDER & SONS' Strain of PETUNIA GRANDIFLORA. The finest in Cultivation. AmonK those who have borne testimony to the superiority of our strain are the following :-Mr. W. Paterson, Gr. to Her Majesty the Queen. Balmoral ; J. Snow. Gr. to the Earl ol Morley; Mr. Kdwards, Pentillie Castle ; J. Berry, Gr. to Lord Robartes. Lanhydrock ; Wright & Co., Airdne, N.B. : C. Brown, Kensington Park, London : Fuller & Sons, Nursery, Bnstol ; the late Mr. John Keynes, Salisbury ; and various reports in all the leading Horticultural Journals, Scaled Packets. 250 Seeds, ?s. HENDF.R AND .SONS, Nursery, Mannamead, Plymoulh, THE GARDENERS- CHRONICLE. [January 4, 1879. FLOWERS ALL THE YEAR ROUND, AND SENT ALL OVER THE WORLD. H. CAN NELL, F.R.H.S., The Home for Flowers, SWANLEY, KENT. TO THE SEED TRADE. OUR WHOLESALE CATALOGUE is now ready, and may be had on application. A copy ha^ been posted to all our Customers, if not received an early intimation will oblige. MINIER, NASH and NASH, 60, Strand, London, W.C. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM. 3,000,000 SEEDLINGS, 2, 3 and 4 years, fine : also many thousands of stout bedded and transplanted. Samples and Prices on applicaiio7t. J. J. MARRIOTT, Highfield Nurseries, Matlock, Derbyshire. vecetabletflowerseeds Seed Potatos.Toois&c JAMESDICKSON&SONS IOSEastgateStJ •Richard Smith ^.c% & Worcester '. HOOPER'S CATALOGUE IS NOT CHARGED FOR, AND WILL BE" FORWARDED IMMEDIATELY TO ALL APPLICANTS. H O OP E R & CO. DRAW SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THEIR NEW ENGLISH POTATO, "HOOPER'S ROUND WHITE." This is the result of a sport from the well-known Palerson's Viclori.i. It possesses all those good qualities which made apd mamtam tlie hii;h notoriety of the latter, but in an emmently mcreased degree. It is also distinct in ch.iractcr .ind earlier. Hooper's Kouud White is a hand- some Potato, rough-skinned, sh.allow-eyed. good medium size, splendid cropper, aiid a disease- resister of the first rank. Three sorts only of Polatos were recommended by the Certificatini; Committee of the International Potato Show in October last, after being cooked, and Hoopers Round While was one of the three. There is nothing in this Potato but what is valuable being a heavy cropper, good shape, and, above all. finer than a Regent; when cooked there is nothing; left to be desired. There is certainly no better I'otato in existence, and it is invahi.ible alike to the Farmer or Gardener. i'his splendid introduction has been raised by Mr Porter, who is well known as one of the most celebialed and successful of Potato Growers. Price, 10s. 6d. per Peck, 35s. per Bushel. All other kinds of choice Potatos are offered by Hooper & Co., whose collection is one of the finest in the kingdom. IF INSTRUCTIONS ON GARDENING SUBJECTS ARE REQUIRED, no better book can be placed in the hands of the Amateur than HOOPER'S GARDENING GUIDE, Price 2s. 6cl., AND OBTAINABLE OF ALL BOOKSELLERS, OR THE ADVERTISERS. This is not in any respect a Catalogue. PAEIAI'S PATEIT SYSTEM OE GLAZIIG WITSOUT PUTTY New *' Registered" Acme Plant Preserver, With "Truss" Hinge, and no Principals. The Ridge always fits close, the interior is free from all obstruction, the comers are secured in iron angle-plates : glazed, without putty, with 21-oz. glass. Long. Wide. Pnce. Long. Wide. Price. 6 feet by 3 feet ,, .. jfiz 7 6 I 12 feet by 3 feet .. .. £,\ o q feet by 4 feet . . 3 o o [ 12 feet by 4 feet . . . . 500 On Cliaimelled Wrought-Iron Rafters, Secures almost entire immunity from Breakage of Glass, great saving in repairs and re-painting, and absolute freedom from Drip. WILLIAM PARHAM, Horticultural Builder and Hot-water Engineer, NORTHGATE WORKS, BATH ; AND 280, Oxford Street, London, W. \* Specimens on view at either address. Illustrated Caulogues and Price Lists free. r^Mkt Orders amounting to Cl, carriage paid to any Railway Station in England, and to Principal Ports in Scotland and Ireland. Extra strong Cucum'ber or Melon Frames, With 2-inch sashes and i ^-inch red deal frames, secured at each corner with two wrought-iron strap bolts. Glazed, without putty, with 21-oz. glass. Lon" Wide. Price. Long. Wide. Price, .fe'etbyefeet.ilight ../2 2 o I i5 feet by d feet, 4 hghls. . ;£? S " Sleet by 6 feet, 2 lights.. 3 12 ° 20 feet by 0 feet, 5 lights. . I2feetby6feet, aUghts.. 5 7 6 1 24 feet by 6 feet, 6 lights IS 10 10 8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 4, 1879. STERLING NOVELTIES, FLORAL AND VEGETABLE, With Concise and Practical Instructions for Cultivation. NEW PEAS, NEW BEANS, NEW CAULIFLOWER, NEW MELONS, NEW CUCUMBERS, ; NEW TOMATOS, NEW CABBAGE, i NEW LETTUCE, I NEW POTATOS, NEW and BEAUTIFUL ANNUAL FLOWERS, SEE Vide Official Reports. Paris, 18 78. The first and highest award in every Compe- tition. Price Is. Sd., Post-free. Gratis to Purchasers. ^ ^CiAJjDijy Economy in the Garden. 21s. value Carriage free BOXES of VEGETABLE SEEDS to PRODUCE a YEAR'S SUPPLY, L^^f c^nt Price 12s. 6d., 15s , 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s., 633., and 84s., pacWns free. " "'' "'' ^OA^tthJ^ pis. for Cash. " It w.is .T pleasure to unpack Carter's Parcel. The order was executed neatly, correctly, and promptly." E. L. HlCKLlNfi, Esq., FrosUndt-n. The following now being sent out by Ci^^tDiJ^ May be had of any respectable Seedsmen ; — CAUTION I -^^S^M None genuine unless sealed thus — CARTER'S TELEPHONE PEA. Wrinkled marrow, with semrdouble pods ; exquisite flavour* and an enormous cropper. Price in Sealed Packets, perpint^ 2f. 6rf. CULVERWELUS TELEGRAPH PEA. "The largest and handsomest Pea grown." Mr. J. GooDACRE, Gr. to the Right Hon. the Earl o Harrington. Price in Sealed Packets^ per pint, as. 6(/. CARTER'S CHALLENGER PEA. '* The best dwarf Pea I have ever used." Mr. R. SowERDY, Gr. to the Right Hon. the Earl of Maccles field. Price in Sraled Packets, per pint, 2S. 6d. CARTER'S LITTLE WONDER PEA. "As its name implies, a capital variety, useful for forcing." Mr. W. FoWLE, Gr. to Sir H. Mildmay. Bart. Price IK Sealed Packets, per pint, 2S. 6d. KELWAY'S PARAGON CUCUMBER. "As an exhibition variety Ai.— An enormous cropper, scarcely any neck." — Gardeners Magazine. Price in Sealed Packets, per packet, 3^. (>d. DELL'S HYBRID MELON. "Amongst the many exhibited this was the only green- fleshed Melon pronounced worthy of a First-class Certificate this year by the Royal Horticultural Society." Price in Sealed Packets, per packet, zs, 6d, ESCH8GH0LTZIA CROCEA FL.-PL. First-class Certificate Royal Horticultural Society. "Harny annuals are strongly reinforced by Eschscholtzia fl.-pl., the product of the famus St. Osyth's Seed Farms."— Gardeners' Chronicle. Price in Sealed Packets, per Packet, zs. 6d. ESCHSCHOLTZIA MANDARIN. First-class Certificate Royal Horticultural Society. " A great improvement." Mr. Paterson, Gr. to Her Majesty the Queen. Price 111 Scaled Packets, per packet, i j. 6d. EMPRESS COCKSCOMB. " Unequalled as regards size by any we have ever seen. The comb sent us measured 3 feel 2 inches." — The Garden. Price in Sealed Packets, per packet, xs. 6d. SWEET PEA-VIOLET QUtEN. *' Suggestive of the beautiful Bougainvillca." — P. Gribve, Price in Sealed Packets, per packet, \s. DIANTHUS- EASTERN QUEEN, CRIMSON BELLE. " Greatly .idmired here," Mr. W. Paterson, Gr. to Her Majesty the Queen, Balmoral. Price in Sealed Packets, 7S. tlie collection. HIGH HOLBORN ( THE aXJEEN'S, SEEDSMEN, ) LONDON, ^W.C. I Jan'l'arv 4, 1879.] THE GARDRNRkS' CHRONICLE. 9 FLOWER SEED NOVELTIES FOE 1879. NEW GIANT CYCLAMEN, Cyclamen persicum giganteum rubrum. For icaiUiJul CoUmred Plate ml- Seed Cataiegue. This magnincent New Cyclamen is undoubtedly one of the most charminff novelties ever introduced. The flowers are equal in size and substance to my well-known strain of gigan- teum, and are \\ ell thrown up above the foliage. The colour is delicate rose, changing to a bright crimson at the base, being a tint unrivalled, and never before acquired in this giant strain. It has been awarded two First-class Certificates. Per packet, y. and y, 6d. CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTEUM. This variety has very broad beautifully mottled coriaceous leaves, and stout flower-stalks, throwing the flowers well above the foliage ; each flower measuring from 2 to zj-a inches m length, with broad petals of great substance, pure white, with a fine bold violet-purple eye. Per paeket, ^s. and is. td. NEW SCARLET PRIMULA, Primula sinensis fimbriata coccinea. Per packet, 51. and y. 6d. Per packet — s. d. BEGONIA, New Bedding, finest mixed 2 6 SOLANUM HYBRIDUM EMPRESS (New) 26 VIOLA CORNUTA LOVELINESS (New) 26 11, S. W. begs to announce that the above Illustrated Seed Catalogue is now ready, containing upwards of 70 pages of all the New and Choice FLOWER anti VEGETABLE SEEDS, WITH Beautiful Coloured Plate and numerous Engrav- ings, also full Directions for Sowing, &c. SEEDS CARRIAGE FREE. All Seeds amounting to 205. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in England. Flower Seeds Free by Post, except heavy kinds. ECONOMY IN THK GARDEN. EVERY ONE SHOULD READ , llliJjljjgp^M ipini NEW and ENLARGED EDITION. The most practical Work on Vegetable and Flower Gardening yet published. SUTTON'S AMATEURS' GUIDE Is Beautifully Illustrated with Coloured Illustrations of 26 new and popular varieties of Flowers, nearly 300 Engravings, and contains complete Instructions how to grow THE BEST VEGETABLES, THE BEST FLOWERS, THE BEST POTATOS. GR.\TIS TO CU.STOMERS. Post-free for 15 S/amfs, or is. at all the Bookstalls. Seedsmen From the Head Gardener to H.R.H. *P the Prince of Wales, K.G. (to whom *^o.^W^ Messrs. Sutton are the specially ap- •^^^&' pointed Seedsmen ; — 'i»«* " The Seeds supplied by you have ^'Prlnce^^ always given the greatest satlsfac- of tlon. Wales. " Sandringham, Jan t;." ' CHARLES PENNY.' ALL GOODS value 20s, CARRIAGE FREE. ALL SEEDS FREE BY POST [Except Peas atui Bca?is). £uftnu/^ The Queen's Seedsmen, READING, BERKS, -^ssri? SATURDAY, JANUARY 4, 1S79. THE NEW PLANTS OF 1878. THE past year has been bountiful to us, in respect to the introduction of New Plants, as most of its forerunners have also been, and there is, as we hope to show, a ful modicum of quality amongst the subjects which have been made known to the horticultural world during 1S78. Other treasures, we know remain behind, but we must not pry too closely into the future. In this paper, too, we leave out of view all the choice acquisitions of the past season amongst florists' flowers, which are by no means few, nor are they unimportant as regards the ornamentation of our flower gardens, or the pleasure to be spread over the land derived from their more disseminated cultivation when they pass out of the raisers' hands. There can, we suppose, be no question that the most remarkable plant of the year just passed is the so-called Conophallus Titanum — so-called till the opportunity offers to decide its exact position, which will probably be in the genus Brachyspatha.. True, our summary of the more prominent of the acquisitions of the year is supposed to recount those only which are already introduced amongst us, and this titanic Aroid is not yet actually present with us, but as it has reached Florence in a living state it may for all practical purposes be regarded as being already acquired. The description of this wonder- ful plant, with a reduced figure of it in the flowering state, has been already printed in these pages {Gardeners' Chronicle, n.s., x., 596, 7S1, 788, fig. 127), but we may here briefly repeat that its tubers are nearly 5 feet in cir- cumference, and its leaf 45 feet in circumscrip- tion, on a stalk 10 feet high, while its campanu- latc spathe, measuring nearly 3 feet across, is of a bright black-purple, and its tapering spadix, of a dirty yellow at the base and livid towards the top, is nearly 6 feet long. Godwinia and Corynophallus must now hide their diminished heads ; and it is the fortunate lot of Dr. Beccari to have been the medium through which we have learned to know this Anak of the vege- table race. Stove Flowering Plants. This mention of the Sumatran Aroid leaves us amongst the stove-flowering plants, and we therefore take up with these the thread of our story. Perhaps the most valuable plant of the year is the Ixora splendens, a cross-bred seedling raised by Messrs. Cole, of Manchester. It is perfectly distinct from all others in its blunt-tipped foliage, and remarkable for its noble heads of large-sized brilliant carmine- scarlet flowers, and is certainly A i amongst Ixoras. Another, named Ixora Duffii, with looser heads of vermilion-red flowers shaded with crimson, has been introduced from the Caroline Isles, and is said to be very hand- some, as no doubt it is, since the Ixoras generally possess that sterling quality. More strikingly novel and distinct perhaps, but a subject of which we are yet scarcely in a position to judge of its cultural capabilities, is the New Caledonian Xeroncma Moorei, a very fine lilia- ceous perennial of Iris-like habit, with a most peculiar inflorcscncc of bright crimson flowers. The scape, which is from i J to 2 feet high, is bent abruptly into a horizontal position, a little below the raceme of flowers, which thus come to iO THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. I January 4, 1879. stand erect on the upper side. If it flowers freely enough this will be a very showy plant. Both Messrs. Veitch and M. Linden have introduced it, and we have published a wood- cut of it in our vol. x., n.s., p. 8, fig. 3. The Pavonias are rather interesting novelties, so distinct is their general aspect, and so pleasing is the colour of their flowers — a deep rose-pink — which are moreover of curious form, scarcely suggestive of the Malvaceous order, to which they belong, the epicalyx being coloured. 1'. Makoyana has recently been figured by Pro- fessor Morren, and is much in the way of P. Wioti, which latter, however, is identified by Sir J. Hooker with the P. multiflora of St. Hilairc. We may also point out that the Anthurium Dechardi noticed in our summary of last year, has been since then relegated to the genus SpathiphylUim, and identified with S. cann;efolium, where also other garden An- thuriums, as floribundum, candidum, Patini, &c., have to follow it. In Ruellia acutangula, alias Arrhosto.xylum acutangulum, we have a stout-growing soft-wooded under-shrub, with quadrangular branches, large elliptic-ovate leaves, and erect cymes of bright orange-scarlet flowers, whose uncqually-lobed limb is 2 inches across and the tube an inch long. It is one of the more showy of the Acanthads, as also is Eranthemum laxiflorum, which is also half- shrubby, and free-flowering, with ovate-oblong leaves, and axillary cymes of large purple flowers, and comes from the New Hebrides. Crossandra guineensis.is another Acanthad of very different character, but a very pretty introduction never- theless. It is a low herb, with a few pairs of short-stalked elliptic-oblong leaves reticulated like the Fittonias with golden veins, while from their centre rises an erect dense spike of rosy lilac flowers. The Costa Rican Alloplectus peltatus is not only a showy Gesnerad, but also a plant of curious structure, unique in the order to which it belongs. It is of dwarfish sub- shrubby habit, with stout branches and opposite leaves, one of which is oval-oblong, six or more inches long, with a remarkaljle peltate base, while the opposite one is scarcely at all deve- loped ; the flowers are numerous in the leaf axils. Gloxinia-like in form, pale yellow streaked with orange in the throat, and having a deep crimson- purple calyx. Messrs. Veitch's Chevalliera, alias /Echmea Veitchii, from New Grenada, is a very distinct and showy Bromeliad, of acaul- escent habit, with lorate, saw-edged leaves, and a central, dense, erect, oblong head, of which the crowded recurved crimson bracts form the conspicuous portion. M. Morren reports that his plant of this Chevalliera commenced blooming in IVtay, 1877, and has continued to blossom from the same inflorescence for a year and nine months. Amongst Amaryllids we have acquired three new species of Hasmanthus, namely, rupestris, Mannii, and Kalbreyeri. They are all West African plants, flowering before the foliage is developed, dwarfish in habit, and all have showy umbellate heads of Crimson or crimson-scarlet flowers, which render them valuable as decorative plants. To the same group belongs Crinum Macowani, a plant nearly allied to C. latifolium, and which comes from No-man's Land, near the south- western frontier of Natal. This is remarkable for its large umbel of blush-coloured Lily-like flowers. Stove Foliage Plant.=;. In this group we feel inclined to give the first place to the Colombian Dieffenbachias. D. Shuttleworthii has upright leafy stems, the leaves a foot or more in length and about 4 inches broad, bright green, with a broad- feathered silvery band on each side of and including the midrib. The colouring is very striking and effective. D. Cardcri has its leaves handsomely marked with yellow and green blotches, and is also a fine ornamental kind. Alocasia Thibautiana is a noble plant in the way of A. Lowii, but probably finer ; the leaves of a blackish green with white veins. A. Johnstoni apparently belongs to a different race, and it has been suggested that it is a species of Cyrtosperma or Lasia. It has a very distinct character, the stems being mottled with red and blackish green, and spiny, and the blade arrow- shaped, with reddish veins. The first is Bornean, the second is from the Solomon Isles. A hand- some plant of this class is the Cespedesia Bon- plandii, introduced by M. Linden from tropical America ; the tongue-shaped crenulated leaves attain a length of 3 feet, and render it a mag- nificent object as a foliage plant. It belongs to the Ochnacea:-, and, when it blossoms, bears panicles of large bright orange-yellow flowers. Of the Crotons or Codiajums many forms con- tinue to appear. C. Mortii, a broad-leaved form of compact habit, with yellow variegation, is one of the effective sorts. So is C. Williamsii, which has similar shaped leaves, with a red variegation. C. roseo-pictus, a densely leafy variety, has also pretty yellow and rosy variega- tion, and C. Rex has dark green leaves and red veins. C. Katoni is one of the trilobed section, and has the leaves thickly dotted with yellow spots. These are all fine plants, but there are others perhaps as good which our limited space forbids us to name. The Massangeas — a race of Tillandsias, with curiously inscribed leaves — are cropping up, and are rather taking plants of their kind. M. Lindeni is one of the hand- somest, its broadish semi-erect leaves being marked with numerous transverse irregular broken lines of a deep brownish purple, looking, as one might think, like some old-world in- scription, the marking being sufficiently abund- ant to be attractive. Finally, in Davidsonia pruriens we have a bold and distinct-looking plant, figured when first imported in our volume for 1S77, n.s., vii., p. 819. This has very large unequally-pinnate leaves, which are of a bright red while young ; the hairy leaflets, eleven to thirteen in number, are biserrate and con- nected by a narrow wing, which is also doubly- toothed. It has something the aspect of a gigantic Agrimony, is apparently half-shrubby, and has been referred to the Saxifragacea;. T. Moore. {To he coiUinttcd.) EPPING FOREST. {Concluded from pa^e 8io, vol, x.) There is no doubt but that in sheltered parts some of the half-hardy plants of the South-east United States, such as Cassias, &c., would flourish. C. corymbosa has stood the past two winters, but they have been so mild as hardly to make the experiment a test. Passing to the second zone — the trees of Western America, they seem from the experience gained to be perfectly at home. A Pinus macro- carpa, 40 feet to 50 feet high, stands by the road- side at High Beech, and at Epping was at one time the finest (it is beUeved) Wellingtonia in England. Of course in the nursery the trees of the Conifers of that region are of com- paratively small growth — w-hat would have been fine specimens having passed to congenial permanent homes, such as the Picea or Pine woods of Pampisford (where actual woods of these, with the shelter of deciduous planta- tions to protect them in the young state, have been formed) ; but sufliciently large plants still remain to show they adapt themselves in more developed stages to the necessarily greater exposure. The Silver Firs, from the noble P. nobilis to the latest discovered P. concolor, all grow freely and with perfect foliage. The long-Icaved Pines, not only of the har- dier northern kinds, but also those of the more southern Mexican habitats, arc a success. Roezl's introductions, Pinus Devoniana, with its strikingly long vivid green needles, P. macro- phylla, Don Pedro, the beautiful P. Hartwegii, glaucous, long-leaved, finest of Pines, are in vigorous health and stand our hardest winters. Picea bracteata, too, rarely thriving in the valleys, on the hilltop here stands uninjured. We cite these in preference to the hardier kinds, such as Lambert's or Jeffrey's Pines and Lawson's Cypress, the Douglas .Spruce, and the Thuja gigantea and Craigiana, which do every- where, as showing how large-embracing a col- lection might be formed. Almost indigenous are the two free-growing trees of this zone, the Pinus insignis, which Mr, Wallace speaks so highly of as the grass- green P. insignis, and Lambert's glorious Cypress — both, alas ! often shortlived in the frost-suffering valleys. ■ The deciduous trees of this zone are few, but the Liliaceous plants, such as L. pardalinum, cali- fornicum, and Humboldtii, with their creeping rhizomes, all thrive well here under the shade of the trees. Approaching the third zone, that of Eastern Europe and Western Asia and the Mediterra- nean coasts, we have a somewhat limited choice. To select again, the sorts which have been found to thrive exceptionally may be mentioned. To begin with Conifers, we have the Silver Firs of Spain, Greece, and of the Crimea, Picea Pinsapo,. P. Apollinis, P. cilicica, and P. Nordmannianay the Cedars of Lebanon and the Atlas Moun-- tains, the latter when established growing like a. Larch. Then we have the Pyrenean Pine, and the P. austriaca and P. Laricio of the Austrian- empire. Of the other trees quoted by Mr, Wallace the Laburnums, the large family of the Brooms or Genistas, would from experience form a splendid underwood with the evergreen Arbutus Andrachne of the Levant, and the Portugal Laurels and the varied forms of the common Laurels and Bays, with Arundos or such-Hke grasses. The upright Cypress and Stone Pines of Italian gardens, the Pinaster and maritime Pines of the south-eastern French coast, we had omitted to say, like the sandy soil and exposure. The Gladioli and many bulbous plants of the Cape might be included in this zone, since they stand out uninjured in the winter here. When speaking of the trees of the fourth zone, those of Western Asia and Japan, Mr. Wallace hopes for many further introductions, but we are already rich in variety here. The Camellia has (as he ventures to anticipate it would do) passed some winters uninjured here, and it is almost certain the Tea tree would do so. The Japanese Conifers are splendidly at home here — the dry clear air seems to approach nearer to the Japanese climate than in many other parts of England. Almos t every one of the forty-five species of Conife rs succeeds, from the glorious Golden Larch of China to the Umbrella Pine of the Sa'cred Mountain of Japan. The Cryptomerias, Rf .tino- sporas, the distinct special species of the zone, grow with tree-like vigour. The Sophoras, in the valleys tendf.r, here stand unscathed — the Japan and Indian Daphnes grow out-of-doors, and with the glori- ous Azalea mollis. Privets, Berberis, Indian Azaleas, Raphiolepis, Himalayan "Rhododen- drons, such as Russelianum, an«£ Magnolias (M. Campbelli of the Himalayas has stood two winters out), would form an evergrefjn flowering underwood — a perfect winter gardcrn. Many flowering trees are here : the common English Crab, which in the Forest attains 40 to 50 feet in height, guarantees the well-doing of the beautiful forms of Japanese and Chinese Crabs, P. spectabilis floribunda, and other flowering rosaceous trees. Of the Himalayan Conifers, the Cedrus Deodara would probably prove longer lived than it has done in many ])arts of England. The P. Wcbbiana, amongst Sihcr Firs, passes with the January 4, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. II glorious drooping Spruce of those mountains, Abies Khutrow mostly uninjured by tlie spring frosts. Cupressus Goveniana grows freely and finely, and doubtless many other plants of this zone might be named. Lastly, the plants of the south-eastern hemi- sphere are to be grouped. " Nowhere," one of our best Conifer growers remarked, "have I seen the Araucarias so green a green as here ! " The Libocedrus and Podocarpus, the representatives of the Yews — like the above from Chili — the Dacrydium Franklini from Tasmania, the jointed Yew (Athrota.KUS selaginoides) from Van Die- men's Land), Fitzroya from Patagonia, are all hardy here. With the several herbaceous plants and beautiful climbers of this region the Lapa- gerias would form a choice, even though limited section. It is to be hoped that while these foreign forests are formed, our English forests will also be cared for. Our glorious Hollies number some sixty to one hundred distinct varieties, our many forms of Yews and Junipers will compare favourably in the way of variety with some of the so-called species of other countries. We think that we have shown that Mr. Wallace's scheme, at least in the sites he proposes, has every chance of success ; and we quite agree with him that the expense need not be excessive. Most of the plants are plentiful and reasonable in price, in a state ready for planting, in existing nurseries. It is to be hoped that care will be taken to preserve the natural state of the Forest. Many beautiful native plants exist besides those named by Mr. Wallace. The Ivy-leaved Campanula grows with the Drosera in the bogs ; here are the Sphagnum mosses, and fungi in great variety ; Ferns are nearly extinct, but the Butcher's Broom, Lily of the Valley, Achillea Ptarmica, and the Red Willow-herb, are plentiful, and have survived the browsing of cattle, the destruction of the woods, and other injurious influences. George Paul. New Garden Plants. Encephalartos acantka. The Cycad which Dr. Masters described under this name in the last number of the Gardeners' Chroniele, is one which we have had under our notice at Kew for the past year and a half. Had I known that he intended publishing a description of it I think I could have satisfied him that, although a species of .some rarity in cultivation, it was not really new to either horticulture or science. Four of the specimens in the collection of the Royal Gardens came from the same source as those in the possession of Mr. Bull. They were all obtained by the energetic superintendent of the Botanic Garden at Grahamslown, Mr. Tid- marsh. The exact locality where they were found cannot be ascertained, but it was in the division of Queenstown, and therefore some distance inland and to the N.E. of Grahamstown. The stems which Mr. Tidmarsh.with most praiseworthy zeal for the botanical headquarters of the mother country, sent to Kew are very striking objects and of considerably larger dimensions than those which subsequently passed into Mr. Bull's possession. These latter in the first instance were in the hands of Messrs. Thyne, of Glasgow, in whose nurseries I recognised them on a chance visit in the autumn of 1S77. Mr. Bull was much interested in the Kew specimens of the new Cycad, and on hearing from me of those I had seen at Glasgow, with his charac- teristic energy and enthusiasm for a fine species which was new to him, lost no time in acquiring them from Messrs. Thyne. The striking features about the plants received at Kew were in the first place their great girth com- pared with their height ; hence the tendency of the stocks to be subglobose, as noted by Dr. Masters. But the circumference, instead of being 4 — 6 inches [a misprint for 46 inches] reaches to almost as many feet — that of the largest specimen can hardly be less than 5 feet. The other point is the copious investment of their upper part with a coarse woolly tomentum, which is rather perhaps pale brown than " ash-coloured." None of the plants at Kew have at present thrown up crowns of foliage, but a small offset taken oft' from the base of one of them has produced some leaves, and the examination of these led the present intelligent foreman of the Palm-house to point out to me the probable specific identity of the Grahamslown plants with one which h.id long been in the Kew col- lection, and which bore the name — erroneous as it now turns out — of Encephalartos brachyphylhis. The largest of our plants, however, produced a whorl of five female cones. These, owing to want of activity of growth in the plant, were never thrown up clear of the stock, but after a time began to decay, and as Mr. Smith and myself had little doubt that this decay involved the growing tissues of the crown, we dug out the whole of the cones for the sake of securing a perfect specimen, and with little hope of saving the plant itself in which the cones were still buried some 5 to 6 inches. It is a curious instance of the immense tension under which the new structures must be deve- loped at the growing apex of Cycadaceous plants, that the whole of the immense wound which the removal of the cones left was gradually closed up during the night by the contraction of the surrounding tissue, so as to leave not the smallest trace of its previous exist- ence the following morning. The apex of the plant has since remained perfectly firm, and we are not without hopes that in due time it may develope a crown of leaves. The cones were oblong-ovoid, about 9 inches long, and covered with a dense pale brown tomentum. They leave no room for doubt that the plant pro- ducing them is the Encephalartos Friderici-Guilielmi, of Lehmann, who described the species with stiff but characteristic figures in his Novariim et minus cogni- tarum stirpiuin. Pugillus sextus {1834). The mode in which this species has been dealt with by the two recent monographers of Cycadaceaa, Alphonse De L'andolle and Kegel, deserves some remark. The former, ontheauthorityofMiquel, identifies Lehmann's plant with Zamia cycadifolia of Jacquin (= En- cephalartos cycadifolius, Lehm.). In a very wide con- ception of a species this may be correct, but nothing superficially could be more different in ap]iearance than the glabrous female cone figured by Jacquin (Fragiiienta, tab. 25), and the densely woolly one of Lehmann's plate and of the Kew plant. Kegel, on the other hand, identifies with Encephalartos Friderici- Guilielmi, E. Ghellinckii, of whose cones I know nothing, but which has a very different looking stock, and an extremely different habit, owing to the strongly-marked revolution of the leaf-segments. E. cycadifolius, E. Friderici-Guilielmi, and E. Ghellinc- kii, are, in my judgment, three nearly allied forms, but with marked differences of habit, at any rate from the point of view of the horticulturist. A further point which requires to be mentioned is, that the plant now known to horticulturists as Encephalartos cycadifolius, and of which Mr. Bull has a large stock, from which with great liberality he has supplied me with male and female cones, is by no means that species, but 10. brachyphylhis, Lehm. It is well figured under this name by De Vriese in the third volume of the Flore Jcs Serres, 1847; and it is further to be identified with the E. Verschaffelti of Kegel, figured in the Gartcnflora, tab. 822. IV. T. Thiselton Dyer. L.ELIA ANCEPS ALBA. When the glorious variety Dawsoni had a|3peared (see Gardeners^ Chronicle, lS58, p. 27) we believed we were at the end of tiiis old, well-known plant. The fresh v.ariety, Mr. Lowe's introduction, iSIr. Tucker's discovery, had creamy white flowers, the lip marked with purple streaks and some yellow ones. The excitement of orchidists was very great, and the demand for the beauty could never be well answered. Now I have at hand a new chaste beauty, a very un- expected one. It is of the purest white, the column light green, the disk of the lip yellow. Just as Daw- soni, it belongs to the blunt-shaped variety. To say a word to recommend such a variety might be like "carrying owls to Athens," viz., doing something quite superfluous. Mr. W. Itull is the lucky importer and possessor of a small stock of this novelty. See also our columns, December 14, p. 756. //. G. Rchh.f. Spanish Orange Wines. — From a French con- sular report we learn that only four varieties of Orange wine have hitherto been obtained in Spain, where for some years experiments on a small scale have been carried out for the purpose of ascertaining what can be done in this direction, in case the phylloxera should invade the Spanish vineyards. These wines are named Imperial, Dry, Mandarin and .Sp.arkling. It has been proved that slightly unripe fruit is l>etter than fully ripe fruit for making wine, though rather nearer perfect ripeness, it would appear, than they generally arrive in this country. The wines called Imperial and Dry are made in January, from the season's fruit ; and JIandarin is manufactured from fruit gathered in April. These three varieties of wine are of a colour agreeable to the eye, perfectly bright, of a soft slightly acid flavour, and contain about 15 per cent, of alcohol. With regard to the Sparkling wine, which undergoes a special process to render it so, it contains only 12 per cent, of alcohol. BERRIED PLANTS FOR WINTER DECORATION. Beautiful as these are at all seasons they are doubly valuable during the winter, when flowering plants are so scarce, and even were they plentiful there are few that will compare with the former for table decoration just at this time — a purpose for which they are specially adapted, associating as they do so well with the dessert, with which they seem to form a sort of connecting link. One of the greatest favourites is the well-known Solanum Capsicastrum, the best variety of which is Weatherill's hybrid, or rather improved forms that have since originated from it, for like most other plants continuously raised from seed, some or other of them are sure to be of superior merit ; and by always selecting the best, much may be done to perpetuate good strains of any particular kinds, and even to get great advances on them. Any berry therefore showing increased size should be marked for saving, especially if the plant bearing it appears to be of a prolific character, as then the gain is both ways, and the beauty of Solanums depends much on the crop they bear. To have nice little specimens of them at this time next year, seed should be sown at once in light soil in heat, where they will soon germinate, and when up, the best position for them is near the glass in a stove or other warm house where they can get plenty of light to keep them from drawing. Potted and nursed on in this way they form good plants by May, after which time they do far best planted out on a warm border, where they can get plenty of sun and be well attended to with with water during the whole summer months, as dryness at the roots is fatal to success, by causing them to shed their blooms instead of setting them in the free manner they ought. Besides causing them to shed their flowers, dryness brings on red-spider, which so disfigures the foliage as to give the plants a very shabby appearance. Syringing overhead is the best remedy against these pests, and if the water used has soot steeped in it it is more potent and has a stimulating effect on the roots. Solanums, like most berried plants, look best as standards of various heights, with clean straight stems, and in order to get these they should be trained up to neat sticks and have all the side shoots ru'.ibed oft as they show till they get sufficiently tall, when by nipping out the tops nice symmetrical heads will soon be developed. It sometimes happens, how- ever, that stray branches take the lead, but by stop- ping these the balance of growth may be easily main- tained. It is the practice with some to plunge their Solanums in pots instead of planting them out, but the danger of doing so is that they are apt to suffer from want of water, owing to the very small quantity of soil they have to live on, but if kept wet enough there can be no question that plants so treated are shorter jointed and more floriferous, which if they set result in a better display. I always find it a good plan to mulch over the border they are planted in, as then the moisture they get is altogether more uniform, which is much in their favour. To get fine large heads it is necessary to keep the plants on from year to year and cut them hard back in the spring, when if placed in gentle heat they soon break, and may then be planted or plunged out like the others and allowed to remain till the middle or end of October, when it will tie high time (or lifting and potting as the berries are rather susceptible of injury by frost. A north house or frame where they can be kept close and syringed is the best place for them for a month or so till they get hold of the fresh soil, after whicli they will stand the sun and air witliout flagging, and be then available for the winter. Capsicums Prince and Princess of Wales are also grand decorative subjects at this season, and have a most striking effect used in conjunction with the above- named, the rich polished yellow of the pods of the one showing up in the most ple.asing contrast with the liright coral-red of the other. A centre plant of Capsicum Prince of Wales and a Solanum at each end, or vice vcrsci, is simply perfection for table deco- ration, as is 'also the former associated with Kivina humilis, that bears racemes of berries in tlie greatest [irofusion. To grow these Capsicums well the seed should be sown not later than the middle of ^L^rch, as it takes a long time to colour the pods. A Melon or Cucumber frame is a good place to raise them, but any stove or house where they can get moist heat wijl 12 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januarv 4, 1879. do till the middle of June, when a pit answers well for the summer, as there they may be phmged and heavily syringed so as to ward off red-spider, which is their great enemy, and generally assails them if grown in a dry atmosphere. Eight-inch pots are quite large enough even for tine specimens, and once these are well fdled with roots liquid manure is of great help in maintaining the foliage in a fresh healthy condition. As they are somewhat tender the plants require artificial heat after the end of September, from which time a temperature ranging from 55' to 65° is as low as they will bear without showing signs of distress. Both Capsicums and Solanums strike freely from cuttings, but seedlings always make the cleanest and best stemmed plants, and are therefore preferable when standards are required, as they soon run up to any height desired, and the same may be said of Rivina. This most useful stove plant may be had in fine condition at almost any season of the year by simply resting a portion of the stock for a time, and then cutting them back a little, when all the young growth they make comes laden with bloom, to be afterwards clothed with long strings of berries resem- bling bunches of Currants. The graceful way in which these hang renders a plant a very striking object when standing above a white cloth, and as they can be so easily grown the wonder is they are not more cultivated. Almost any soil suits them, although fibry loam answers best, in which the potting should be done firmly so as to induce a short-jointed, stocky habit, and this may be aided by a free and full exposure to light. J. S. EGYPT AND ITS FLORA. With our present issue we present to our readers an Almanac in chromo-lithography, which has been designed for us by Mr. Fitch, the eminent botanical draughtsman. Mr. Fitch's pencil was apparently inspired by the upraising of the obelisk, called Cleopatra's Needle, on the parapet of the Thames Embankment. Egyptian plants and Egyptian fruits are accordingly made to form a floral framework for the monthly calendars. For the most part the flora of Egypt is that of the Mediterranean region. Southward it passes into the flora of the desert region on the one side, and into the highland flora of Abyssinia on the other. Culturally the land of Egypt depends on the rise of the Nile, and on the power of irrigating by canals and by mechanical means. The rainfall is far too small to produce a rich vegetation, and so it happens that outside the relatively narrow slip of the Nile valley we meet with a scanty and peculiar vegetation, such as extends right across Africa from the Canary Islands to the Persian Gulf, and soon to Affghanistan. The Date Palm seen to the left in our illustration is characteristic of this region, and is a tree of the utmost value. Its deeply penetrating thick roots enable it to secure and store up water to a degree beyond that possessed by other plants. Thorny Acacias and Carob trees, spiny plants with scanty foliage, and Cucurbits, are among the peculiar features of the desert flora. Along the Nile a richer vegetation occurs— subtropical in its character. The Doum Palm shown to the right in the background in our illustration is the characteristic Palm of Egypt. Its branching stems are quite unusual among Palms, and give a pecu- liar aspect to the tree. Big Aroids and Colocasias, Water Melons, Gourds, and Grapes— these are found in similar situations elsewhere, but the Cotton-plant (the colour of whose flowers has not been quite satis- factorily rendered) is of special value in Egypt, whose commercial prosperity depends in no small degree upon the success of its plantations. The war in the United States did much to develope the culture of Cotton in Egypt, as also in India. The sorts com- monly grown are varieties of G. barbadense and G. herbaceum. The Nelumbium of the Nile is often called the Lotus, but the true Egyptian Lotus is the blue Nympha-a. The Nelumbium shown in our sketch is, however, found in Egypt, and its repre- sentation is to be found on many Egyptian monuments. It is, in fact, nearly as much connected with the religion and mythology of Egypt as with that of India. The Papyrus shown to the left in the background is now, we believe, nearly extinct along the Nile". It is simply a tall Sedge, with a triangular »tem full of white pith and surmounted by a crown of elegant drooping branches and fine foliage. Other plants in common cultivation in l^gypt arc the Sugar-cane, the Maize, the yellow-flowered Lupin, the blue FlaN, the Onion, the Opium Poppy, and Hemp, all crops of hot countries. Less commonly known ate the Henna, used for dyeing, as also Indigo and Madder. Among fruit trees, in addition to the \'inc already mentioned, are the Pomegranate shown in our sketch, the Fig, and the Prickly Pear (Opuntia), the Lemon, and the Orange. Nor are the fruits of more northern climes absent — the Peach, the Plum, the Apricot, the Mulberry, all are cultivated in Egypt, ripening their fruits at an earlier season than with us. Such, in brief, are the main features of Egyptian vegetation. The remaining portion of the Almanac is devoted to recording the dates, so far as known up to the time of going to press, of the principal horticultural exhibitions and meetings of scientific societies through- out the kingdom for the present year. In addition to the usual calendarial matter is a carefully constructed table of mean temperatures for London, based on the observations for forty years in the neighbourhood of London (Chiswick), and which will serve as a useful guide to cultivators in other districts, who will know how to make the necessary allowances for the differences between the climate of the locality in which they practise, and that of London. THE GROSVENOR GALLERY. There can be little doubt that the exhibition now open of drawings by the Old Masters and water-colour- drawings by artists of the British school, is one of the best, if not the best exhibition of its sort ever held in London. A visit to this remarkable collection of pictures is likely to prove more pleasant and in- structive than a visit to all the other water-colour exhibitions in London put together. Out of the 1 150 pictures and sketches now displayed at the Grosvenor Gallery, there is scarcely one that will not well repay careful and prolonged study. The large portraits of vulgar nobodies and the roughly executed "pot-boilers," which so commonly deface the walls of the Royal Academy and some other exhibitions are conspicuous by their absence. Amongst the land- scapes will be found a large number of the very best works of Boyce and Hunt. There are three excellent pictures by Wolf, one by E. H. Corbould, and five by Sir John Gilbert. In fact most of our best English water-colour artists are well represented, some by large numbers of pictures ; for instance, there are seventeen pictures by A. W. Hunt, twelve by E. J. Foynter, seven by J. D. Watson, ten by G. Fripp, eight by G. Dodgson, and six by Walter Crane. Amongst works of deceased artists there are eighteen original sketches by Flaxman, three by Reynolds, and two by Gainsborough. There are fifteen works by Michel Angelo, fourteen by Titian, sixty-eight by Rembrandt, twenty-three by Correggio, and seventy-five studies, sketches and paintings by Ingres. Last, and by no means least, may be mentioned Sir Coutts Lindsay himself, who is represented by one work, and Lady Lindsay by five. Distributed about the rooms are a large number of photographic reproductions of the Windsor drawings, together with various works of art in pottery, tiles, &c. It will be seen from the above that it is simply impossible for us to do any sort of justice to this admirable exhibition in this week's Gardaiers' Clironidc. We shall take an early opportunity of returning to the subject, and in the meanwhile we advise every one interested in true art to pay a visit to the exhibition, which is undoubtedly one of the very best displays of high-class pictures and valu- able sketches and studies ever brought together in London. "Thi; Itch ok Writing." — Under the title of " Hints to gardeners on articles for gardening periodicals," a contributor to Dcr Deutsche Garten gives some capital advice to persons having the "itch of writing," It is so good that some of it will well bear repeating, although we have ofien h.id occasion to give similar advice. One of the principal things is brevity without loss of clearness. A beginner is very apt to go out of his way to exhibit the whole range of his knowledge, so that what might and ought to be expressed in a few sentences is lost in a maze of subsidiary and irrelevant questions. The writer who goes straight to the jioint and does not wander from it is safe to keep within reasonable limits, conse- quently his articles are soon printed, and, what is more, they are actually read. THE ANEMONE. O.NE of the most charming floral sights witnesscil last spring was a bed of mixed Anemones of various colours and of double and single flowers. It would be difficult to enumerate the variations of colour this very gay spring flower assumes. So sportive is its nature that there is a great diversity of the mixing of white with the various shades of scarlet, carmine, rose, red, violet, blue, slate, &c., especially in the case of seedlings, and from seed can be had the double, semi-double, and single varieties. The par- ticular bed under notice had no special attention bestowed on it, but a number of roots in a dry state, having been kept within-doors for something like four years, were planted out to test their vitality. It is worthy of remark that while nearly every dried root of the Anemones grew, not a single one of Ranunculus, of the same age and similarly planted, germinated. Perhaps this was in consequence of the wet and cold character of the ground, and the somewhat rough and ready way in which the bulbs were planted. Years ago the Anemone was a leading florist's flower ; but it has almost ceased to be regarded as a fit subject for exhibition. But all its old beauty and winsome attractiveness remains, the neglect of florists notwithstanding, and it can scarcely cease to a be popular plant, for it is early to flower, free and con- tinuous to bloom, easily cultivated, and displays colours peculiarly its own. The Anemone is an accommodating plant, in that it will grow in almost any garden soil, especially doing well when it is of a sandy quality, and possess- ing what the old florists used to call a "tolerably good heart," meaning thereby something rich and invigorating, and on which the roots could feed. It used to be held that a stiff and retentive soil tended to rot the roots in winter, and probably this was particularly true in the case of the higher bred and choicest varieties. The old growers were very pre- cise as to the composition of their soil : — " Take maiden loam from the surface of a pasture, the top spit, turf and all ; to every load of this add one of cow-dung and half a load of sea or drift sand ; blend the whole together and form it into a ridge, in which let it remain a year at least, turning it over once in two or three months." One need not wonder that such splendid flowers as were seen thirty and forty years ago were produced by these men. The best way to enjoy the varying beauty of the Anemone is to plant a bed of them, and prepare it thoroughly at the outset, so that the plants shall have every encouragement to do well. How to prepare a bed was well set forth some years ago by one who made this flower a special study. "About the begin- ning of September is the proper time to prepare the bed for planting ; if the soil be wet the beds should be raised about 6 inches above the paths or surface of the ground, laying at the bottom some of the coarse rakings from the heap of soil prepared for the pur- pose by way of drainage ; but, if the soil be a dry one, 3 inches will be sufficient. The compost intended to plant the roots should be about i foot thick, there- fore the planter should remove some of the garden earth to make room for it. The bed should be made up at least two or three weeks prior to planting, in order that the soil may settle. Before planting is commenced the surface of the bed should be stirred to a depth of 3 or 4 inches, then, raking it to a level each way, plant the roots in the centre of the squares, which will keep them in line and at a uniform distance." Planting is best done by means of a small trowel, or by making a hole in the soil with the fingers— it matters little which, so that the roots be properly planted. The proper depth is some 2^ inches, and the roots are placed in position ; the soil can be drawn over them to the depth required, and the soil pressed gently down. For an early bloom planting can be done about the middle of September, and for a middle bloom in October ; finally, for still later flowering, others may be planted in December, and, though considered some- what late, in most seasons these bloom exceedingly well, but do not produce such fine increase. I have planted as late as the end of Februar)-, and the flowers were much better than might be imagined. As a second row in a mixed border, the Anemone comes in well ; but the clumps need to be marked in some way, so that they be not disturbed during the time the foliage has died away. Such permanent clumps should be planted in good soil in the first 1 ANrAR\ 4, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 13 instance, and they will bloom finely for a few years if treated to a little top-dressing in winter. The double and single scarlet Anemones are very useful and effective for this purpose ; and most bulb catalogues contain a select few named varieties that are exceedingly pretty. Mixed selections of both double and single varieties furnish good and attrac- tive llowers. The new French Anemones are charm- ing things ; generally of dwarf growth and fine and varied colours. All are very useful to cut from, indeed the plants supply a large number of blooms that are valuable in many ways for decorative pur- poses. Of the early flowering hardy species mention must be made of the pretty bright sky-blue A. apen- nina, A. blanda, the rich vermilion A. fulgens, A. ranunculoides, yellow : , and A. sylvcstris, white, 1I549, p. 5S0, and a further descriptive notice will be found at p. 542, 1S72. It was introduced from Malacca, and is remarkable for its cylindrical crimson pitchers. Florists' Flowers. Seaso.naule Notes : Auriculas. — The treat- ment of these will depend to a certain extent upon the weather. All dead or decaying leaves should be removed, and the lights should be drawn oft" when- ever the weather will admit of it. It is not desirable that the plants should be quite dried up for want of water, but on no account give the pots water in frosty weather, and if it is necessary to give water, pour it carefully into the pots — wet not the foliage nor allow any to run over. If the soil in the pots is quite dry and flowers. They may be observed feeding at night, with a lamp, and can be picked off and destroyed. If they are very numerous take the plants out of the frames, and dust the surface of the soil in the frame over thickly with quicklime. The flower-buds will be formed and begin to open towards the end of the month if the weather is favourable. Hollyhocks. — Karly in the month place the choice and scarce varieties into a temperature ol about 50° at night. This will excite them into growth, and as soon as the shoots are long enough cut them off with a heel, and pot each singly in a small pot, using light soil, and some sharp white sand just at the base of the cutting. Plunge the pots in a gentle bottom-heat, and cover with hand or bell- glasses. Water very sparingly : too much water or steam from a dung frame will rot the cuttings. Fig. I.— nepenthes sanguinea. These are all of great value in borders and in warm nooks ; the uses to which they can l)e put are as varied as the tints they furnish when in (lower. R. D. NEPENTHES SANGUINEA. In his account of Mr. O. O. Wrigley's rich col- lection of Orchids, &c., at Bridge Mall, Bury, Mr. Douglas, at p. 494 of our last volume, alludes to a magnificent specimen of this rare Pitcher-Plant, an illustration of which (fig. i), prepared from an ad- mirable photograph kindly placed at our service by Mr. Wrigley, we are now enabled to place before our readers. Mr. Douglas described the plant .as having twenty-four pitchers upon it, twelve of them very large ones, and the largest of all measuring 12 inches in length and 9 inches in circumference. The species was first described in our columns by Dr. Lindley in and the weather mild I apply water once in this month. Fumigate the frames with tobacco smoke if there is any greenfly on the leaves. If the frost is very severe place mats over the glass lights at night. Carnations and Picotees. — These require some- what similar treatment to Auriculas, but the mould in the pots must not be allowed to become quite so dry : the frames may be fumigated at the same time as the Auricula frames. Any leaves that become yellow or severely spotted should be removed witli a pair of scissors, nor should green mould or weeds be allowed on the surface of the soil. The plants do not suffer from frost if unaccompanied with damp. Pansies in beds do not require much attention. See that none of the plants receive any injury. After a frost it may be necessary to press the plants into the ground with the fingers. Those in pots must also be looked over occasionally. Slugs will get into the frame, and they are remarkably fond of the leaves Dahlias. — If it is intended to get up a good stock of any particularly choice or scarce varieties the roots should be potted and placed in the same heat as the Hollyhocks. Use moderately moist soil for potting with, but do not water it for a few days after potting, and apply water sparingly until growth is made ; keep the plants as near the light as possible : the cuttings may be taken off when 2 inches long, they strike root very freely in a little bottom-heat. Phloxes and Pentstemons.- — In mild weather, if these or any other similar hardy subjects require to be potted it may be done. Those planted out in beds or in the open border will require no other attention than to be kept clean, the surface of the beds to be stirred ; slugs and other marauders to be destroyed. This will also be a convenient season to forward the work by getting all the appliances ready. Sticks may be made for Carnations and Picotees from 2 feet to z\ feet in length ; for Pinks 15 inches to iS inches. H THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. IJanuauy 4, rS7r). AH other sticks may be prepared of the required lengths and thicknesses. Pegs may be made for Pansies and for layering Carnations. Exhibitors must see to the repairing, painting, and varnishing of their stands, travelling-boxes, &c., and have every- thing looked over and made ready for use at the required time. Pots should also be washed and placed neatly together in the different sizes ready for use. Chrysanthemums. — Except a few of the very late-flowering sorts, the flowers of these will be over, and as soon as they are all cut the stems can be cut over close to the ground, unless it is intended to grow plants of the large flowered sorts, with a single stem. Some of the stems may have a tuft of young shoots with a clear stem under it. If these plants have the soil shaken from the roots, they will be the best for specimens to flower early next season. It is best to take cuttings from root suckers, as they would not be likely to flower prematurely, as stem cuttings sometimes do. When the plants are cut over they may be placed close together, either in a cool green- house or cold frame, and as soon as the cuttings are ready they may be taken off and potted. Those intending to grow fine large blooms for exhibition, must plant each cutting singly in the centre of a small pot. Gladiolus. — In order to have an early bloom, a few of the earliest flowering sorts should be potted, a single bulb in the centre of a 5-inch pot. Place the pots in a cold frame, and they should be plunged in cocoa-nut fibre refuse. The soil used to pot the bulbs should be good loam, to which is added a fourth part of leaf-moiUd. A little clear silver or river sand should be placed under and over the bulbs. J. Douglas. Forestry. A NEW, important, and extensive field of orest work has been opened up within the last few weeks, and one, moreover, which foresters neither invite nor enjoy, namely, the protection and preservation of trees and shrubs from ground game. Having a fair average amount of such work to perform it may be of some interest to those concerned to know how this is most successfully performed, and what the results are. Amongst, the first things to be done after a fall of snow is to set as many hands to work as possible to smear or paint all the most valuable and exposed trees and shrubs within the domain with the composition named below. The trees most preferred and usually first attacked by game are the Laburnum, Holly, common Ash, Bay, Portugal Laurel, Yew, Laurus- tinus, &c. It is difficult, however, to predict which species of tree or shrub will be first attacked, since much depends upon the exposure of the plant, the number of game in the locality, and the scarcity or abundance of other kinds of food within reach. The composition is sold by R. Davidson & Co., Scottish Colour Works, Leith, in i cwt. casks, 36^. 6(/. While the work of anointing single trees and shrubs is in progress, this material is carried about in paint tins or small pails, and is applied by means of a medium-size hair paint-brush. In frosty weather the composition is too thick for convenient application, hence the necessity of mixing with it a little turpentine or paraffin, the latter Ijeing preferable, both on account of its dissolving property and cheap- ness. Comparatively small plants should be smeared all round the stem, and to the height of about 2 feet, and large trees, to which it would be impracticable so to apply it, should have all the broken parts dressed, extending the composition a few inches over the whole liark in order to prevent more extended ravages, and the trees thus dressed should be looked over daily to see that no new injury is inflicted during the storm. Hedges, as well as trees and shrubs, are also liable to injury, and when of an adv.inced class the stems of the plants may be dressed as above recom- mended for trees, &c. Where the hedges are, however, too young and the plants are too small for the painting, wire-netting m.ay be put alongside them for temporary protection. Upon most game- preserved estates the only successful method of rear- ing young pl.antations for game covert .and other requirements is by means of protecting them during the first ten or twelve years of their growth with wire- netting. No. 16 wire guage, I J inch mesh, .and 30 inches wide, galvanised, answers for all ordinary purposes quite well, ami will last for a great number of years. Netting of the above height, with 3 inches in the ground, is seldom leaped over by either hares or rabbits in ordinary weather, but when a consider- able fall of snow occurs that buries the netting to any depth they are very apt to leap over it and destroy the plants. In order to prevent this occurrence it is necessary to have the snow removed alongside the fence. This usually is easily done, but until the storm becomes exhausted it often requires to be repeated. By whatever means and at whatever expense, the wire netting must be continually kept in a state of effici- ency, and at every fall of snow or new snowdrift the fences must be examined and put in proper condition for resisting ground game. In addition to these means of preventing destruc- tion to trees there are others equally good and efficient in their way though widely different. One means is to go through all the coverts and game-frequented places and cut down suckers, inferior growths, and branches to such an extent as is thought desirable, and keep repeating the work as fast as the rabbits clean them of their bark ; and the branches, after lying a few days, may be taken up and turned with the barked side down and the barky side up, to allow of access to them. Branches and undergrowths cannot, however, always be obtained, and when this is so Turnips and hay should be given them daily, and only a little at a time. All this entails expense, but the whole subject of game is that of pleasure and luxury, and those who delight in them are usually able and willing to pay for them. On some of the most extensively game-stocked estates in the United King- dom things are so managed as to incur a very small amount of game damage to the woods, forests, and trees, and this is done by shooting the coverts and killing the greater part of the game before snow or frost occurs ; before which there is comparatively little damage done to them. I do not agree with those forester-1 who advocate the entire destruction of ground game, for I always maintain that much of the life and true interest of forest life would therewith disappear. What really seems desirable and attainable is trees and game, but each in its own sphere, place and season. C. }'. Michic, Foi-cster, Cullcn House, Cullcn, BaiiJ- shire. Apiary. Winter Management of Bees. — Somehow the management, or the wintering, of bees in the apiary is but little understood. Last winter I experimented with a single stock, but found the plan recommended a perfect failure. I was induced to close up the entrance during a month of very damp weather : at the end of the month I again gave them liberty, when I found the entire stock afflicted with dysentery, so that when they left the hive they voided a yellowish matter. Upon examination I discovered nothing but mouldy combs, and the few live bees all died soon afterwards. First, cold weather need not be feared ; we have always found our bees stronger, and certainly far more healthy, after a severe winter. Our experience tends to show they consume far less honey during a period of extreme severity than during mild open weather. The month most to be dreaded is April ; far more stocks perish in this month from sheer starvation than in all the other months of the year combined. We can- not condemn too strongly the removal of stocks from the stands, which is far too often followed by some bee-masters. Sometimes they are taken to a more sheltered part of the garden ; in this case only one result must be discovered sooner or later, for if a few sunny mild days should unfortunately prevail, the bees are only too gl.ad to have an opportunity of flying abroad, and naturally return to the old stand ; thus it often happens that a third of the stocks are destroyed, and every hive considerably weakened. Again, they are frequently tied up in a rough cloth and hung up in the tool-shed, or some outhouse ; in some respects we would follow this method in preference to removal to another stand, especially if we could secure a thorough good ventilation ; but we must expect the great drawback, dysentery — a disease we hope never again to see in our apiary. Of course bees require as much fresh air in winter as in summer, and a good ventilation should be ensured above all things. In most of our hives — in fact in all the wooden hives — we open the plug on the top board, and thus give a constant current of air. It is a good plan to examine the hives frequently, and never to .allow any snow to rest upon or about the entrance. In large American apiaries it is not un- usual to winter the stocks in a house built on purpose, where light is carefully excluded. The hives are inverted on a shelf, the floor-board removed ; the bees are freely exposed to the atmosphere. We have not been able to learn the success of this method, but we have known bees which were kept the entire winter in a dry airy garret to do tolerably well. Bees left on the stand all winter, if in common straw skeps, should be guarded against a very sly foe. We now refer to mice, who are only too thankful to find a home in the comfortably sheltered hive during the cold wintry weather. These enemies may to some extent be kept out by having the entrance made very small, though it is far better to place the hives oh single pedestal stands. Straw covers certainly look very picturesque and neat, but they are apt to decay when exposed to our. variable climate. Good painted wooden covers are the best for all kinds of hives ; panmugs are too heavy, and frequently flatten straw hives ; on this account they ought never to be employed. It has been asserted by our village bee-keepers that the honey after long-continued frost becomes hard and candied, or in a state unfit for the bees ; our own experience is merely this : honey gathered during the previous season never goes hard if in sealed cells, but honey if two years old is liable to change, and be- come unfit for bee-food. We seldom leave more than a pound or two of honey in the hive ; it is far more economical to remove it all by means of the ex- tractor, and to give them syrup in its place. No apprehension need arise as to this candying, for when given to the stocks in large quantities it is quickly sealed up in convenient places for winter con- sumption. Our advice is. Do not disturb your stocks when they have settled down for the winter more than is absolutely necessary. Ventilate all your hives freely, and never change their stands. li. dark It (iperalbns. KITCHEN' GARDEN. Owing to the intenseness of the frost many of the out-of-door operations had lately to be entirely sus- pended. There were, however, certain matters to which under these conditions attention was directed, and amongst others the refuse heap. This valuable compound was turned over, and that part of it which was sufficiently decomposed was taken away to the place where it was required, and where practicable was scattered broadcast at once in order to destroy any insect pests which might be found in it, and in the pro- cess of turning a fair proportion of quicklime and dry soot, or wood-ashes, &c., which can be m.ade by burn- ing up any woody refuse which may be collected together here or elsewhere, was added to that which remained, and well mingled together. Another matter which was easily performed under such circumstances was the pointing oi Pea-sticks and stakes of every description required ; and beside these operations there was the labour which is involved in that annual and essential orde.al, the cleansing of the houses. In this way ample employment was found for suitable men for almost any period. While the frost existed it was necessary to see that a proper amount of pro- tection was afforded to all subjects likely to need it, but if such precautionary measures as were indicated in a former Calendar were regarded prospectively, the stocks of half-hardy and tender subjects, as Lettuce, Endive, Broccoli, &c., will have been safely housed and their value much increased. Forcing Depart.ment. — Here such choice kinds of edibles as Asparagus, Seakale, Rhubarb, Mush- rooms, &c., are in perfection and highly esteemed at table. Wherever forcing operations are proceeding out-of-doors by means of fermenting materi.als the action of such a prolonged frost will have diminished the heat considerably if fresh materials have not been added in sufiicient quantity to counteract its effects. Continue to sow fresh supplies of French Beans as required, and to pot and soil up those in more advanced stages of growth. Water these subjects copiously whenever they require it, and use weak manure-water for those coming into bearing. Mushroom-house.— This should be sprinkled every day, and the beds in bearing should also be kept cqu.ably moist; temperature 50' to 60°. C. T. Miles, nycomhc Abbey. FRUIT HOUSES. Orchard-house. — The Chrysanthemums have lasted long in beauty this year. We were able to cut armsful of them at Christmas, and, as the weather January 4, i;:;^.] THE G.^ RDENHRS' CHRONICLE. 15 has set in so very cold, we shall at once remove the trees into the house ; the pots are quite covered over with cocoa-nut fibre, and the roots are quite safe. Tlie house is thoroughly cleansed in tlie first place, the wood and glass-work being well washed. The paths and borders also need renovating, and here the question arises as to what is the best internal arrangement for an orchard-house. I have seen one where the pots were placed on a stage more than 3 feet from the ground-line ; such an arrangement answered very well as far as the growth of the plants was concerned, and also the ripening of the fruit, the Nectarines being especially fine in flavour, although the Peaches were inclined to be woolly. I would not advise that the trees be mounted on a stage ; they should be placed on the surface of the ground, or not more than the height of a brick above it. The paths ought to be of gravel or some similar material, and as a change from that the borders may be of cocoa-nut fibre refuse : the division between the borders and paths may be of neat tiles, as being more lasting than wood painted or varnished. •Some cultivators recommend placing the pots on a border of rich loam, and in tliat case the holes in their bottoms are made very large, and a mass of roots are allowed to travel outside of the pots into the border. It seems feasible that nourishment supplied in this way would be quite as useful to the trees as that obtained in any other : in theory it looks well, but if it is continued during successive seasons it does not answer. Our plan is not to allow any roots to travel beyond the limits of the pots, and to supply most of the nourishment by three or four surface-dressings in June and July. We have now brought the trees in, and either placed the pots con- taining them on other inverted pots, or on two bricks in such a manner that the centre hole of 6ach pot is between the bricks. No parasitical insects ought to be allowed to breed on the trees to their hurt ; but it is unfortunately true that orchard-house trees are sometimes quite infested with red-spider, aphis, scale, or mealy-bug. If any of these pests are now on the trees they must be dressed with the mixtures frequently recommended for this pur- pose. It will not require much water to keep up the requisite amount of moisture in the soil, but that much should be given at the right time. Where heat has been applied to start the trees early, considerable caution is necessary as to maintaining an equable temperature, and I would rather allow the house to be cooler at night than that it should be too high ; 55'^ at night ought not to be exceeded until the trees are in blossom. Whether the trees are in pots, tubs, or planted out in the borders, see that sufficient water is applied to the roots to saturate the mass of soil to the bottom, and not again until it is actually required. Orange Trees in Pots. — A printer's error or a slip of the pen makes me say in a recent number that the temperature of the house should be 95° at night : 65° it ought to be if the fruit is ripening. Should the fruit be ripe it will keep in a lower temperature. The trees may even be placed in a cool vinery or in any house with a much lower temperature. Indeed it is worthy of notice that the trees succeed well in a Pine- house or Cucumber-house temperature, and any space to spare in such structures ought to be utilised by being furnished with such useful trees. Many per- sons complain that Orange trees are difficult to keep clean. In many cases when their growth has been attempted I have found the trees filthily dirty, and have heard great complaints of the difficulty in keep- ing them clean. Of course if time cannot be spared to attend to them it is better not to grow them, but it is no more difficult to keep Orange trees clean than it is to keep other plants in a healthy state. We must make up our mind to banish insect pests from our forcing-houses before we can be quite suc- cessful, and let us ever bear in mind this short sen- tence, that "prevention is better than cure." Trees that are much restricted for pot-room should, if the fruit is in a growing state, be well supplied with rich surface-dressings. J. Douglas. Pines. — The continuance of severe weather has, notwithstanding that every means of resistance have been applied in the way of external coverings of the houses and pits in this department, and moreover although we have had only the minimum winter temperatures to sustain, has already rendered it necessary to employ considerable extra fire-heat. Should however the present external conditions continue, which is most probable, increased attention should be given to keeping the moisture in the houses in an equable state. Although it may not be actually necessary to syringe the plants overhead in small damp houses or pits, it will still be advisable to do so occasionally under existing conditions, in the case of plants in large or lofty structures where much hard firing is required. Under the present circumstances the pipes will have to be constantly kept in a highly heated state, a strict super- vision of the state of the heat in the beds will there- fore be essential, if they are heated by these means. as too much heat will speedily become inimical if not destructive to the health of the plants. In shallow beds, where the base of the pots is in proximity to the ])ipes, the matter will require especial care, and so also will the watering of such plants lest they should become dry. Plants which are plunged in fennenling beds are now generally liable to such fluctuations, and therefore the watering of these should be pursued in the ordinary way. G. T. Miles, IVynomhe Abbey. Peaches anii Nectarines. — During the con- tinuance of the severe frost that set in on the 6th it will not be advisable to increase the night temperature in early houses that were closed last month for forcing, notwithstanding the fact that the buds are swelling fast — a stage at which it is generally considered safe to make a slight advance, but with the nightly register of 12° to 20° of frost nothing can be gained ; indeed, it is more than probable that many crops will be seriously injured by undue haste at this dead sea- son, particularly where the roots are in external borders. A minimum temperature of 45° from mid- night until daylight will be quite suflicient for the present, when it may be allowed to rise 10° more from fire-heat aided by the fermenting material, a portion of which should be turned over every day for the twofold purpose of setting at liberty heat and moisture, and so reducing the necessity for late syringing. In closely glazed modern houses a regular system of ventilation, just sufficient to change and sweeten the atmosphere, should be adopted from the first day on which fire-heat is applied, but as a matter of course the ventilators will be closed every day. Continue to secure a genial growing heat from the sun, which generally shows in clear frosty weather. At such time the last syringing should take place, but in proportion to fire-heat must, after damping of floors, paths, and walls, be followed up. Houses in which the very early kinds are forced, either in pots or planted out for the chance of a few dishes of fruit early in May, will soon be in flower, and will require daily fertilisation to insure a good set of fruit, as well as to increase its size, for this kind of work, although indifferent is the best fruit that is produced before the end of May — Hale's Early and Early Grosse Mignonne are jierhaps the best Peaches, and Lord Napier and Hunt's Tawny are good Nectarines ; but to succeed with these plunged in or placed over fer- menting materials, kind young trees should be potted up early in the autumn, and started under forcing con- dition in January for one or two years to induce early habitsbefore they can bedepended upon forhard forcing. Where three or more structures are devoted to Peach culture, a second house for carrying on the supply should be closed about the end of the month. Con- ditions formerly laid down will apply until days increase in length,' when a higher range by day may be indulged in. Take advantage of the present un- favourable weather for outdoor work by pushing forward the pruning and cleansing in late houses, in order that all may be finished before the buds begin to swell. Since the above was written we have registered 30° of frost. W. .Coleman, December 24. Strawberries i.n' Pots. — Since my last Calendar was written we have experienced weather of unusual severity, and much injury will, I fear, have been the result in cases where the stock has not been fully ripened, and where protection has been delayed till too late, trusting to the chances of past winters, when storms of any duration have been few and far between. We have had several hundreds of pots standing out- of-doors with a few inches deep of clean wheat-straw laid over them ; the soil in the pots has been frozen down to the crocks, and on the litter being removed altogether to-day they look as fresh as possible. Other stock which had been covered over in pots for the last three weeks are also uncovered by degrees, and now that the soil has thawed it is in excellent condition, and both leaves and roots look the picture of health. During the next fortnight there will be general activity in this department in preparing plants for starting, owing to the fact that it requires from 300 to 500 plants to be started at this season in order to keep up anything like a uniform supply till the second batch is bearing fruit ready for use. 13eginners will do well to bear this in mind, or there will be a blank in their succession. At the risk of repeating former advice I would again advert to the practice of starting Strawberry plants in bottom-heat, which I see is still recommended, but without any reason being given for the practice except to start them — a very vague definition. If the roots are in a healthy con- dition there is no need of this ; what we do want is a genial warmth to draw up the flower-spike, which is already formed in embryo in the crown of the plant, and which requires jjlenty of time to develope itself in all its parts, and if forcing is carried on skil- fully and systematically the flower-spike will appear simultaneously with the first appearance of young leaves. Daily syringings, closing with sun-heat and a night temperature not much above 50', are the best means of battling with the present state of the weather. W. Hinds, OllersJ-ool. PLANT HOUSES. Orchids. — New Year's Day found us as regards Orchids in the middle of a period, during which the plants find our artificial treatment less agreeable to their welfare than in any other portion of the year. We might in all sincerity wish them a "happy new year," for at this time some of them have an aptitude to look anything but happy ; particularly is this the case when snow covers the ground, fog obscures the sun, and the external atmosphere is at a teinperature below the freezing point. How miserable a collection of Orchids looks under such circumstances to what it does when a gale is blowing from the south-west at a temperature of 50°. In the one case a sickly yellow tint pervades the foliage, in the other a healthy green ; but there should be something more than foliage to look at in a good collection of Orchids during the first month of the year. From the time the grand old Zygopetalum Mackayi opens its flowers in November until the splendid Odontoglossum vexillarium fades in July there should be no lack of flower. To the more important of those now in bloom I will call attention in my remarks concerning the management of the various houses. Starting with the Masdevallia- house we shall find the fiery M. ignea in full beauty : only the best variety, named ignea superba, alias ignea rubescens, is worth growing, the inferior varieties are two dull in colour. M. polysticta, now opening, is very pretty and effective when well grown ; it is very floriferous, throwing many spikes with several small flowers on a spike. I think it was the collector of this plant who said it reminded him of Odontoglossum nodvium majus ; the comparison was either far-fetched or else we have yet to learn how to cultivate it. The Masdevallia-house is an excellent home for the coolest growing Oncidiums, such as O. macranthum, O. zebrinum, O. Carderi, and O. serratum ; these will all be growing fast : their young growths if healthy should be emitting a quantity of large fleshy roots, which must be looked after, or slugs and woodlice will soon reduce their number. Plants in this house will require a good watering at the roots every four or five days ; daipp the floor and under the stage every morning, and maintain a temperature fluctuating between 48° and 53°- Apply the same treatment to the Odontoglossum- house, which should now be bristling with spikes in all stages of development. Each spike should be made secure from slugs by encircling its base with a bit of cotton-wool ; this not only saves the flowers, but by cutting off the enemies' supplies makes the baits for their destruction more tempting — the best baits are bran, sliced apples, and young Lettuce leaves, which must be examined every night. Sophronites grandi- flora and the round-bulbed S. purpurea will now be in flower, and must be well supplied with water, to enable the young growth carrying the flower to pro- gress. I prefer growing these little favourites in sus- pended pots or baskets, allowing them an inch in thickness of peat and sphagnum to root in, with crocks and charcoal for drainage. A well-developed flower of either of the species named should measvffc 3 inches across. Healthy plants of Odontoglossum Hallii and O. cirrhosum which have made up their growth but are not pushing spikes should be kept dry for a fortnight or three weeks. This treatment will generally be found to cause them to flower. I now come to the intermediate-house, which will probably contain representatives from all parts of the Orchid world, having one thing in common, viz., a constitution that will ill stand the heat of the East Indian-house or the coolness of the Odontoglossum- house. Amongst them will be Cymbidiums, Ccelo- gynes, and Dendroliiums, from Northern India ; Trichopilias, Lcelias, Bolleas, Pescatoreas, Oncidiums, and the warmer Masdevallias and Odontoglossums from Central America. Those that are growing will take water about once a week ; the resting ones, such as Anguloas, Mormodes, and Dendrobiums, should be watered only often enough to prevent their bulbs from shrivelling and their roots from perishing. The following will probably be in flower : — Masdevallia tovarensis, Barkeria spectabilis, Cypripedium insigne, and Lycaste cruenta. Damp down slightly every morning, and keep the temperature at 52° to 58°. This treatment will suit the Cattleyas. The East Indian-house, now gay with Calanthes, Saccolabium giganteum, and the earliest batch of Dendrobium nobile, will require great care as regards its atmospheric conditions. Maintain a temperature of 58' to 65°. Damp the floor and stages every morn- ing so as to bring the hygrometer to the saturation point. Allow 5° of evaporation during the day. The floor should also be sprinkled on any very cold night, when an unusual amount of fire-heat is used. In all the temperatures given the lowest are for the hours of darkness, and the highest for the daylight ; the slightest glimmer of sunshine will raise the tem- peratures a few degrees above those given. This little solar heat will be very beneficial to the plants ; it is, in fact, the only thing (alas ! barring insects) these beloved aliens have to remind them of their native home. y. C. .^pyers. Orchid Grmoer to Sir Trevor Lawrence, Barl.', ?J.P., Birford Lod:;e, Dor/;in^. i6 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. IJAXUARV 4, 1879. THE SATURDAY, JANUARY 4, 1S79. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. WEDNESDAY, Jan, 8 { S^V' ll '''J'"^ ['2"^ '^''■™J' •i':"''^-'. Slirubs, ' -^ K Hums, &c., at Stevens Rooms. t Sale of the Freehold of " RoUisson's Nur- THiiRtiniv I»n nj series." by i'rotheroe & Morris. iHURSD.M, Jan.9-< Sale of Lilies and other Bulbs and Roots, at t Stevens' Roams. WHEN last we wrote, on Christmas Eve, we were plunged in winter of such exceptional severity that we quite expected the aldest inhabitant would be furbishing up his memory for precedents. Heigh, presto ! — before our revered friend has had time to look over his old records the wind has changed, and we are all wondering as much at the unwonted mildness as a day or two ago we were specu- lating how much lower the thermometer would descend. The intense cold, the sudden change, the abnormally high temperature, are all very suggestive topics. What was the minimum temperature ? Where was it experienced ? How did this locality fare ? How did that escape? And our poor plants — what of them .'' What is safe ? What killed ? These and similar ques- tions crowd upon us in such numbers that it must take time before any orderly digest can be given, and so we must be excused for the pre- sent if we present a few random observations on the subject for the consideration of our readers. And first of all, as to the accuracy of the thermometrical records. Although we shall have pleasure in publishing the details sent to us, yet it must be remembered that the greater number of such records as we get are not, cannot, be so accurate as the more pre- cise information given week after week in our columns by Mr. Glaisher, or as the summary issued by the Meteorological Office. Thermometers are like watches — no two go quite alike, and unless they are compared occasionally with standard instruments and the necessary corrections made, and unlessallthecircumstances of aspect, exposure, situation, &c., are known and accounted for, the mere comparison of thermometrical observations from different gardens is of little value. Gardeners do not pre- tend to be accurate meteorologists, but they have to watch and to note instruments in the shape of living plants whose indications to them are of far more consequence than the fluctuations of an inert fluid. In other words, \i is of much more consequence horticulturally to have care- ful records of the effects of the frost on par- ticular plants under known conditions of soil, exposure, and so forth, than it is to have a table of figures showing the variations of the thermometer. The letters before us prove this. One correspon- dent bewails his fate with loud lament, another writes cheerily to say that in spite of the severity of the frost but little harm appears to have been done to vegetation. " This iminunity from injury," in one correspondent's opinion, " is in a great measure owing to the cahii state of the air tjuring tlie wliole time the sharp weather lasted, and to tlie gradttal tliaw tliat followed, thus affording an opportunity for the roots to get into play and feed the tender tissues of the leaves before decomposition set in. Dry scathing winds wlien the earth is ice-bound search every pore and empty the sap-vessels long before there can be any response from the roots to replenish the loss, and under such circumstances leaves of Broccoli and such-like things are made sport of and beaten to and fro by the blast like so many rags. Fortunately here they have escaped this so far, and it is to be hoped, now that we have had a spell of winter, that all vegetables will pass the remainder ol the season in safely. Tlie sun, by its rapid action, often causes much destruction among plants when it shines suddenly on them in a frozen state, but happily for their welfare this luminary did not find its way through llie clouds till several dav's after a rise in the thermometer took place, and as a thin drizzling rain followed and was immediately succeeded by a damp heavy state of the atmosphere, which con- tinued for some time, nothing could have happened better to assist in saving much valuable food for the country. Even Couve Tronchuda, which is generally con- sidered as one of the most tender among the Hrassica tribe, looks as fresh and well ns it did mondis back, and many large I^ctluce and Caulitlowcr plants are little the worse for the cold. The mantle of snow has been a great protection, as it is the very best nonconductor Nature has at her service, and one that has on this, as on many other occasions, served us well." Such are the observations, and such the practical inferences drawn by Mr. Sheppard, of Woolverstone Park. Another correspondent, writing from West Middlesex, notes that it will be interesting to learn what have been the effects on common hardy shrubs — Laurustinus, Bays, Rhododendrons— and specially upon the half-hardy plants that have of late years enjoyed amongst us comparative immunity during the winter season. " The Eucalyptus has of late been rendered notorious, and its cultivation largely advised. Has it stood the recent severe frost generally, or only where sheltered, or has it stood at all ? Mr Bosc.\WEN tells a sad tale of mischief done in his part of Cornwall, but we can well understand that in such a comparatively mild locality, where growth must be luxuriant and indifferently hard- ened by the influence of cold, that a sudden outburst of severe frost might do great injury. It would be specially interesting to learn how the Camellias have withstood the frost at such a place as Glen Eyre, Southampton. Also how that fine brace of Fortune's Palm — such a charming feature at Heckfield — have fared ; and whether the Australian Dracai'nas and Blue Gums planted out there havebeen injured orotherwise. In thislocality, where there is little to tell about semi-hardy plants. Wallflowers and Stocks have stood remarkably well, yet these have often suffered severely under frost not so hard. All kinds of half-hardy succulents such as often stand an ordinary winter have been killed entirely, but those sheltered by a piece of old carpet or other slight protection are safe. The Tropasolum tricolorum has proved its entire hardi- ness by coming out of the cold entirely uninjured ; true, it had the protection of a cold frame, but the plants and soil were frozen for three weeks as hard as well could be : and when out of this ordeal it is found that the luinute young shoots come entirely unharmed, it affords pretty conclusive proof that the plant is far hardier than it is usually esteemed. " It may not be uninteresting to point out that the frost of Christmas Eve and morning was an exact dupli- cate of that of Christmas morning of i860, when so much mischief was done to hardy shrubs ; there was the same misty atmosphere and hoar frost, probably the same intensity of cold, but it is not probable that the same disastrous results will have to be chronicled. We arc now experiencing a change as great as it is possible to find in' any year at mid-winter — on Sunday morning in the sunshine the thermometer standing at 40° higher than on the preceding Wednesday, the snow all dis- appeared, and the temperature like that of a pleasant day in April. Such are the rapid changes and vicissitudes of climate that vegetation here has to encounter. It would be curious if the old proverb should be realised — ' When the ice bears a man before Ciiristmas it won't bear a goose after.' " It may be well to add the following parti- culars from the letters that other correspondents have sent us. At Solihull, near Birmingham, 2' below zero were recorded, i.e., 34^ of frost. Escallonia macrantha and rubra, common Laurustinus, Ceanothus divaricatus, Jasminum revolutum, and Golden Queen Holly, are all recorded as having been severely injured. At Blenheim, Oxfordshire, Mr. Crump records 33" of frost on Christmas Eve, and states that common Laurels, Laurustinus, Lycesteria, and Broccoli, have suffered much. Echeverias, however, protected by 6 inches of snow, are unhurt. At Bromsgrove, Mr. Ward, gr. to Lord Windsor, notes 28° of frost in the kitchen garden, and 32° in the flower garden half a mile oft'. The shoots of the common Laurel are recorded by him as killed, while the white Azalea lost its leaver. From Meath we learn that the thermometer after six weeks' hard frost, went down to 26'' on Christmas Eve. From Glengarrift' we get a very different tale. A correspondent, in proof of the extraordinary mildness of that locality, even during the present unusually severe weather, sends us a box containing flowers of Lopho- spermum scandens. Wallflowers, Stocks, Chry- santhemums, Periwinkle, Vinca major, and Rosa indica, together with leaves of Passiflora Ctt'rulea, and Zonal I'elargoniums entirely un- hurt, as also foliage and berries of the Arbutus. At Kew the young shoots of Eucalyptus globulus look as if parboiled, but the more hardy E. polyanthcmus is apparently only slightly hurt. From this and other gardens we hope shortly to have detailed accounts, though the full tale of killed and wounded cannot be gi\en for some months to come. A NovEi- Garden .Structure. — At the great poultry show held at the Crystal Palace in November last, Messrs. P.oui.'ioN & Paul, of the Rose Lane Works, Norwich, exhibited what struck us as being a novel garden structure, and such an one as many of our readers would be glad to know some- thing about. It is a combined fowl-house, aviary, dove-cote, and dog-kennel — an ornamental and serviceably-built structure, such as would prove inost useful and convenient to those whose gardens are of limited dimensions, yet whose means enable them to indulge in the luxuries of new-laid eggs and roast chicken, if only a sightly habitation could be obtained to house the domesticated roosters. What nicer arrangement can any one have than that pour- trayed in fig. 2 ? — which is similar in design and con- struction to the structure shown at Sydenham, with its roomy yard for the Black Spanish or any other fowls, a snug loft for the sprightly Fantails, and com- fortable quarters for the faithful dog, which will protect them all from thieves. Testimonial to Professor Balfour. — On December 24 the presentation of a testimonial to Professor Balfour, Professor of Botany in the Uni- versity of Edinburgh, which had been subscribed for by a number of his friends and former pupils, took place in the Court-room of the University. Lord CURRIEHILL said : — To know Professor B.\LFOUR as a Professor was to admire and respect him ; to know him as a man was to esteem and love him ; and to make one of his chosen walking parties of six or eight enthusiastic students at the close of the session, and to roam with him among the Grainpians, now ascending Lochnagar and Ben Macdhui, and de- scending Glentilt, was not merely interesting and instructive in a botanical point of view, but was to their juvenile notions the very summit of human bliss. He had long been, and still was, a most valu- able and useful member of the Royal Society, and as Dean of the Faculty of Medicine in the University for many years he had discharged the duties of his important office with credit to himself and with much advantage to his col- leagues and the University. It was on these public grounds, as well as on account of the strong personal regard entertained for him by a large circle of friends, that it had been considered fitting that on the occa- sion of his retirement from the office of Dean he should be asked to sit for his portrait, in order that there might be within these walls a permanent memo- rial of one who had so many claims upon the regard of his friends and the University. They had been fortunate enough to obtain the services of the skilful pencil of the distinguished President of the Royal .Scottish Academy, who had fixed on his miperishable canvas a speaking portrait of the Professor, worthy alike of the artist and of their friend. That portrait he now, in name of the subscribers, asked the ^'ice-Chancellor of the University to accept. — The portrait — a half-length, representing the Professor in the robes of the Dean of Faculty — was then unveiled. — Lord Curriehill then, in a few appropriate sentences, presented to Mrs. Balfour a second portrait of the Professor, also painted by Sir Daniel Macnee, in which he is depicted clad in excursion garb of modest grey, with belt and spud, and holding in one hand a magnifier and in the other a small wild flower. — Professor Balfour, in reply, said it was not easy for him to express his feelings on an occasion like this. He felt highly honoured indeed by what had been done that day, and he was sensible that the compliment was more than he deserved. He had been zealous in regard to the University with which he had been associated for a long time. He began his early studies there so far back as 1S21, and it was ten years after that before he got his degree. The only one of that group of distinguished men who January 4, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 17 formed the Senatus of the University of Etlinlnirgh in those days was Sir RoiiERT Christisox, who he was glad to see with them that day. His (Professor Balfour's) first lecture in botany, as a private lecturer, was delivered in 1S40, and he took it as a great com- pliment that his old Professor, Dr. Graham, c.ame to hear it. His residence in Glasgow took him away from Edinburgh for a few years, but it was there he became acquainted with Sir Daniel Macnee, with whom again now, in sitting for his portrait, he Iiad had much pleasant intercourse. As regards the position they had placed him in that day, they had in the first place presented to his qld Alma Mater his portrait to be associated on the walls of the Univer- sity with men of commanding eminence, of power and great ability— ^nien with whom he qould never see what they are seeking, they would find that amongst other pests that prey upon the cultivated crops of various kinds, and which never at any season of the year, like the birds, do anything to counter- balance the destruction they effect, the large brown snails (the gentlemen who carry their houses on their backs we mean) were receiving especial attention. The blackbird, more wary, does not make so much noise when he finds one of these large fat fellows, but manages silently tu lireak into his habita- tion ; the thrush will be seen holding the shell by one side of the orifice and hammering away with it at the first stone he comes to. If the observer happens to be in a position looking through a window or any- where near and out of sight, he will see that it does not take many strokes to completely demolish the longer period they are doing that which much more than counterbalances the depredations they commit. We look upon it as far better to protect our soft fruits, and to cherish the soft-billed birds that for nine months in the year have little other food but the worst and most insidious insects that prey upon garden crops. We refer to this subject now, as during severe weather such as we have lately had there is often a good deal of thoughtless destruction of these silent, yet efficient garden workers. The Curatorship of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden. — We have received further com- munications from Edinburgh with reference to this appointment. As personal questions are mixed up with these letters wedo not think it advisable to publish Fig. 2. — A COMBINED lOWL-IIOUSE, AVIARV, DOVE-COTE, AND DOKENNEL. hoped to be classed ; and the honour done him in that respect he esteemed very great. The Weather, the Birds, and the Snails. — During such weather as we have lately had, when all the exposed surface of the earth is frost- bound, and the worms and grubs, acting in obedience to the instinct which Nature has given them, betake themselves deeper into the earth out of the way of the cold, as also out of the reach of their natural enemies the birds, we see the larger soft-billed species of birds, such as the blackbirds and thrushes are, busy at the bottom of the hedgerows, especially round gardens and similar places, picking out the decayed leaves. If those who advocate the indiscriminate destruction of these birds, which during the fruit season we admit have a provoking propensity for taking the finest Strawberries and Cherries, were to take the trouble to shell, or many moments [afterwards to convey the in- habitant thereof to his crop, and to be again tearing away at the dead vegetable matter under which the snails shelter. If observation be directed to other of the soft-billed section of the feathered tribe, such as the tits, that sometimes act in a way to make us think they were scarcely satisfied with their share of a row of Peas, which often can be ill-spared towards the end of the season, these active little creatures may be now seen almost incessantly paying close attention to Roses or other shrubs that happen to have been infested during the summer with the maggot, or aphides, especially such as are on walls or in a sheltered position, where the insects or their eggs have escaped the frost of which they can bear very much more than their soft nature would lead us to suppose. If for two or three months in the summer these birds are troublesome, for the remaining much them ill cx/ciiso, but we may say that the general feeling among horticulturists is, that "the public have a right to expect that the post of the late Mr. Mac- Nab should be filleil by some one who has had a thorough practical training." This is a point upon which we think there can be no difference of opinion. Proposed Exhibition at Hanover. — The Horticultural Society of Hanover (Northern Germany) intend arranging a grand exhibition of objects of horticulture in the summer of iSSo. The preliminary arrangements have been made, but as it is not quite certain whether the project is likely to obtain the support of foreign horticulturists, and whether the character of the exhibition, in conse- quence, is to be specially German or European, horti- culturists are requested to notify by post-card, in the course of this month, to Mr. A. Metz, Secretary to i8 THE G/1 P DFMF.RS' CHRONICLE. IjASUAUY 4, 1879. the Horticultural Society of Hanover, at Herren- hausen, near Hanover, their willingness to support it. Particulars will be sent by letter as soon as fixed upon. At present it may be mentioned that at the end of the exhibition a public auction will be held of the plants and objects of horticulture sent in for sale. There are great hopes that the Government will grant a lottery of the objects exhibited, as well as a deduction of freight. • LiGUSTRUJI SINENSE LATIFOLIUM ROBUS- TUM (sec p. 752, vol. X.). — Under this name we pub- lished an illustration of a fine Privet received into English nurseries from the Continent. The misnomer is doubtless in some degree attributable to the fact that L. lucidum is popularly called Chinese Privet. M. Decaisne and others have, however, pointed out that the species is clearly L. lucidum, not L. sincnse. Unverified nursery names are among the opprobria of horticulture, and the evil in this case is all the worse because one unnecessary epithet has been applied. The plant is a broad-leaved robust form of L. lucidum, but either latifolium or robustum suffice for its designation. In most instances we take steps to verify the names of plants published by us, but it is not possible always to do so. — - Presentation to Mr. William Suther- land.— Mr. William Sutherland, who has occu- pied the position of general nursery manager with the Messrs. Ker, of Liverpool, for the past five years, was entertained at a complimentary dinner on Friday evening, the 20th ult., at the Aigburth Hotel, by a large number of the leading gardeners of the district and other friends, on the occasion of his relinquishing his duties with Messrs. Ker to undertake a similar post with Messrs. Ireland & Thomson, of Edin- burgh. After the dinner Mr. Sutherland was pre- sented with a handsome gold watch and appendages by Mr. Hinds, of Otterspool, on behalf of the subscribers. In making the presentation, Mr. Hinds referred in eulogistic terms to the past career of the author of the work on Herbaceous Plants, and to his other contributions to horticultural literature, .as well .as to the indelible mark of regard his geniality of^ char.acter and disposition had made for liim in the minds of his acquaintances and friends. Mr. Francis presided, and Mr. Fowler occupied the vice-chair. A Seedsman's Bill of Former Days. — We print the following account of seed supplied to a Scotch laird in 1707, in which the quantities, names and prices are alike interesting, and the spelling, though capricious, is not worse than was prevalent in docu- ments written by " people of quality " in those days. An Accom/'t 0/ Seed furnished to ye Laird of Niddery with their'pnees, tiy tVm. iMilUr the 24 jfanr, 1707. J^ pound of London Leeks .. .. .. fii 11 ., 4 ounce cf great llaiiders onion .. .. ,, 8 ,, '2 pound of great turkey kidney beans .. ,, 9 ., 4 ounce of orange carret ., .. .. ,. 12 ,, 4 ounce of english parsnep .. .. .. ,. 10 ,, 2 ounce of London Radish .. .. .. „ 4 ,. one pound hotspur peas .. .. .. .. ., 6 ., % ounce black Spanish Radish .. .. ., ,, 3 ,, one ounce of beetrow .. .. .. .. ,, ^6 one ounce of dutch savoy cabadg .. .. ,, 6 ., one ounce of purslain seed .. .. .. ,, 4 ,, yi ounce of silitia Lattice. . .. .- .. ,, y ,, ^i cabadg lattice .. .. .. .. .. ,, 2 ,. one ounce of great dut. spinage .. .. .. ,, 16 4 dwts of calliMower .. .. .. .. i ,. -, J< ounce Coacumber seed .. .. .. ,, 4 ,. 4 dross sweet merjarum .. .. .. .. ,, S ,, 2 ounce best sellery .. .. .. .. ,, 6 ,, Yi ounce french honeysucle .. .. .. ,, 5 ., 4 pound haisting pease .. .. .. .. ,, 16 ,, 2 Appricock t.ees . . .. .. .. .. i I2 ,, half hundred hors chesnuts one ounce Lyme tree seed 2 pound holly bcrreys Received full and compleat payment of ye above written accompt as wittness my hand at ye Abbey ye 16 of Aprile 1707. "William Miller. ■ • Look to vour Gooseberry and Cur- rant BusilEs. — We think it desirable to call the attention of those who grow Gooseberries and Cur- rants, particularly those who possess only a limited qu.antity and reside in the neighbourhood of towns where sparrows abound, to the necessity of taking means to prevent those birds from destroying the fruit-buds, to which they at all times are partial, but are more likely to attack during severe weather, when other food is scarce. It is not necessary to remind those who have given attention to the subject, but others there are who do not notice the mischief until it is too late, and not only the ensuing season's crop destroyed, but the spurs that, especially in the case of Currants, and to a less extent with Gooseberries, should keep on bearing for years, are killed. The mischief is not long in being done ; a very few days will often suffice for the birds to strip the trees, to pre- vent which there are two very simple methods. The first is to deter them by the old plan of twisting a few strands of white thread (the thicker it is the better) from point to point of some of the outside branches, not drawing it so tight as to prevent its moving with the force of the wind ; their natural cunning appears to make them afraid of getting entangled in the thread. But this will only prevent the depredations of sparrows — the tits and bullfinches, where the latter exist, take no notice of the thread ; to meet which it is necessary to make the buds unpalatable. For this purpose nothing is so effectual as a mixture of lime and soot — say two-thirds of the former to one of the latter — m.ade into a thin wash that will pass through a very coarse rose of a syringe. A fine day must be chosen, so that the mixture will have a few hours to dry on, as it will do in a way that will prevent its being washed off by the rain for the greater part of the winter. A large number of trees can be syringed over in a very short time, and in this way rendered secure from these little marauders. The Queen of Forage Grasses. — Dr. .ScilWElNFURTH sends us from Cairo a note relating to the Euchl.'ENA luxurians, which in warm climates bids fair to be a most valuable forage plant. The plant is not unlike Maize, but tufted. Although it produces even in Central France a large quantity of for.age of excellent quality, yet, as the climate is not hot enough to enable it to produce seeds, it is not likely to come into use, but in Egypt, as also in some parts of India and tropical or subtropical Australia, the cultivation of the plant would be attended with excellent results. Dr. Schweinfurth strongly recommends its culture in Egypt. A mode of treatment like that of the Sugar-cane is recommended. The stems attain a height of 6 — 7 metres. The leaves are i metre long, 3 — 4 inches wide. Russian E.xplorations in Central Asia. — The Russians are extending their e.xplorations in Central Asia in all directions. One of the most interesting additions to our knowledge of this little known region is afforded by Przewalsky's journey from the town of Kuldschato the lake Lob Nor, and the Altyn Tag mountains. Petermann's Mittheilungcu ErgdiKiingshcfl, No. 53, contains a narrative of the journey, frQm which we extract the following notes. To give some idea of the distance traversed by Przewalsky out and back to Kuldscha, Petermann states that it is exactly as far as Stanley's trip from Nyangwa down the Congo to Emboma. Fruit trees form a, characteristic feature of the forests on the northern declivities and ravines of the Thi.an-.Schan mountains, especially Apple and Apricot trees. The Apricots ripen in July, and the Apples at the end of August. The latter were of a yellowish-green colour, and of an agreeably sweet acid taste. The expedition arrived at Rung just as the Apples were ripe, and the ground was literally bestrewn with them, often to a considerable depth. For the greater p.art they were not larger than a small hen's egg, though some were seen much larger ; and two trees were observed which bore red fruit. They are devoured by bears and wild hogs, which congregate in large numbers. Picea Schrenckiana is the most prevalent forest tree in the valley of the Zanma. It grows 70 to So feet, and is remarkable for its slender trunk, for its sugar-loaf-like outline, and for the density of its branches. The Juldus, a part of the Thian-Schan chain, is exceedingly rich in mammals, but there are now no inhabitants. The Lob Nor Desert is described as the wildest and most barren of all the deserts seen by the writer, including the Desert of Alaseba. Along the banks of the River Tarim was a narrow strip of forest of Populus diver- sifolia ?, but nothing could be more desolate in aspect than these Poplars, as they were small, crippled, mutilated, and hollow-stemmed. Nearly the whole of the remaining vegetation consisted of Ela;agnus, Tamarix, Ilalimodendron, and two other leguminous shrubs, Asclepias, Typha, and Carex. There were two or three Composites and Astragali. Of grass or flowers there was no trace. The inhabitants of the Tarim and Lob Nor bury their dead in their boats together with half of their fishing-nets. The boats are simply hollowed trunks of trees, but they handle them with great skill and dexterity. The fibre from the stems of Asclepias is prepared and made into a rough material for clothing, and the root of the raw plant roasted takes the place of bread. They are be- ginning to cultivate a little Wheat and Barley. The Altyn Tag mountains rise to a height of between 13,000 and 14,000 feet, and are mostly charac- terised by extreme poverty in vegetation. Only in the elevated valleys and gorges a few salt marsh plants were seen ; some Composites, and dwarf shrubs of Potentilla, Ephedra, &c. Dried flowers of Statice and a trailing Euonymus were rare. Tamarisk and Sedges grow in some of the moister places, Lasiogrostis, Calligonum, Nitraria, and the Poplar mentioned above. Notwithstanding the poverty of the vegetation locusts appeared in flocks, and devoured what there was. Wild camels, accord- ing to tradition, were formerly numerous at Lob Nor, but they are rare now, though the travellers were fortunate enough to obtain skins of a male and female, and a young calf. Of course it was impossible to solve the question, whether these camels had de- scended from an originally wild stock, or from escaped tame ancestors. On the borders of the lake Lob Nor, Hippuris, Butomus, and Typhas, were observed. The most important economical plant of the region is the Asclepias alluded to, which is ver>' abundant on the lower Tarim, whither the inhabitants of the neighbouring regions resort to collect the stems and roots. ■ The Eucalyptus and the Frost. — The following letter from five Eucalypti growing in South Cornwall, to a congener who has been hard hit in his encounter with Jack Frost, in another part of the county, has found its way into our letter-box : — " De.ar Eucalyptus, — We, the Eucalypti of Menabilly, are profoundly moved to hear of your enfeebled state after the late encounter with Jack Krost, and we hope that there was not a conceited air of satisfaction in the inquiry after oiu- health, as if we also had succumbed to his late desperate attack — according to a certain evil prophecy. But we will not think so uncharitably of you, now you are about to depart to the shades of brown. Xo ! poor fellow ! I am very glad to say we are not very bad as yet. One or two of our sisters (who liad been growing very ambitiously when jack F'rost arrived) have lost their young shoots, yet we believe all the rest of us are better than we could have expected — the narrow small-leaved kind especially, and also the two eldest of our family. It has been an an.xious time for our nurse and patron, but .as he had selected good berths for us — ' here we are,' and trust your nurse will pay us another visit soon, and then won't we pitch into her for prophesying no good about us, and for not trusting to our good nurse's judgment about our constitution and pluck. All our companions from Sikkira, New Zealand, and .-Australia, are looking well, except two kinds of Metrosideros — tomentosa and robusta — and a Ficus with large leaves, a species from Kew, where it had been brought up under glass. The twenty varieties of Mexican Pines, all new, and some 12 and 15 feet high, which arrived just after you left us, were planted out just before the frost came, but they also have resisted him manfully, and intend to do credit to Mena- billy air and care ; and Finns Grovilli^ and P. Devon- iana said they would malie your nurse at Lamoran very jealous. Dracaena Draco and Tristania albicans are rather drooping, but .\raucaria Cunninghamii, 7 feet high, and A. brasiliensis, are as well as ever. How is your neighbour, Lapageria rosea? I hope great-grand- father Chamnerops Fortunei is still the pride of I,amoran. With best wishes for you, poor fellow ! for your com- panions and your nurse — in spite of her evil prophecies — which we Eucalypti believe she thought (not hoped ! oh, no !) would come true, and hoping you will, after all, recover after this soft n-iin, and get quite well, and hold up your head again, believe we are still your stalwart kinsmen, Eucalypti of Five Species." Royal Horticultural Society. — We are glad to note the appearance of a revised list of the Fellows, Honorary, Foreign, and Corresponding Members, &c., corrected to June 29, 1S7S. The Society has also lately issued its schedule of arrange- ments for the present year, which includes the list of prizes olTered for competition at the great summer show, to be held at the end of May, when special prizes are also oflTered by Mr. Willkam Bull for new plants ; Messrs. Sutton & Sons for Peas, Melons, and Cucumbers ; and by Messrs. Joseph Davis & Co. (a Royal Polytechnic Barometer) for nine tuberous Begonias. April 22 is fixed for the Auricula show, and June 24 for the Rose show, on which date Messrs. John Laing & Co. offer special prizes for nine tuber- ous Begonias ; and ilessrs. James Carter & Co. and Januauy 4, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 19 Messrs. Hooper & Co. for collections of vegetables, Peas, &c. The Pelargonium Society's show is announced for Tune 24, and the National Carnation and Picotee Society's annual display for July 22, on which date the exhibition of the British Bee-keepers' Association will also be held. On August 26 Messrs. James Carter & Co. offer prizes for Dell's Hybrid Melon, and on November iS Messrs. .Sutton & Sons invite competitions with Onions, Potatos, and other vegetables. The Island of Ascension. ^When we wrote the notice of Mrs. Gill's book (p. 754, vol. x.) we had not had the opportunity of perusing a valuable report on the island, by Captain (now Admiral) Barnard, at one time in command at the island. The report is dated 1862, and gives a history, in brief, of the discovery of the island and of the means taken by Colonel NicHOLl.s and others to procure water. In 1863 the population was 550, the water supply not having increased in proportion since 1824, when there were only 54 persons, so that the water supply was reduced to a gallon a day, per head, for six months. Captain Barnard endeavoured to remedy this by damming up some of the ravines, and converting them into tanks. He also took steps to ensure a due collec- tion of manure, and favoured the planting, especially of Wattles (Acacias), on the island in suitable spots. Captain Barnard's observations tally closely with those we prexiously published, but he further suggests that as the Buddleia and Vitex have done their work as pioneers, and aided in the formation of good soil, that Coffee and other tropical cultivation should be commenced. The Wattle has been a great success. "The Date Palm, Coffee bush, and Custard-apple look healthy and strong, and thousands of young shrubs and trees from the Peak down to the level of the home gardens are making rapid growth, while Furze, Bramble and other shrubs till the deep ravines with luxuriant foliage." Captain Barnard refers to the suggestions of Sir W. Hooker, and Dr. (now Sir Joseph) Hooker, and of Dr. Lindi.ey, which he found in the records of the island. The Para-grass forwarded by Sir William Hooker throve well, "increasing in the most wonderful manner, and growing down all weeds and inferior grasses wherever it is once established." Hundreds of acres could, says Captain Barnard, be by its means converted into pasture-land. Commenting on Captain Bar- nard's report, the late Sir W. Hooker says that he doubts " if there is any spot in the world where a comparatively barren rock, destitute of all natural useful vegetation, exposed to such terrific and inju- rious sea breezes, has been, or could have been, brought into such a state of useful cultivation." Our Highways. — Some time since we in- dicated in these columns a course of procedure relating to the dealing with the highways of the kingdom, as regards their maintenance, that was deserving the attention of the local government authorities. Our contention trfen was, that the re- moval of turnpikes and the falling in of trusts had thrown upon the various rural parishes through which these main roads ran very heavy burthens which other parishes did not share ; that the administration of rural highways was irregular, and too often exceed- ingly defective, and that the most effectual remedy was to be found in the general conversion of Boards of Guardians into Highway Boards, in whom should be vested the maintenance of all main and ordinary highways in the Union area, and that by the appoint- ment of professional surveyors the services of the present too-often incompetent body of persons who now are elected as surveyors should be dispensed with, and much of the jobbery and wasteful expendi- ture too common in some localities be in the future avoided. Since then the present Government has carried through Parliament a new Highways' Act, in which the subject of the old turnpike roads is specially dealt with. An enforced audit of all high- way accounts by a Government auditor is to be the rule, and greater facilities are given for the formation of highway districts of prescribed areas. These latter .will still be carried out under the old Acts of 1862 — -1854, and will not vest the government of these districts in the guardians, but taking in most cases the Union as the area of local manage- ment a special Board is appointed, and thus the old system of parochial surveyorships and governance is wiped out of existence. A curious and roundabout means of indemnifying parishes that have to bear special burthens in the shape of old disturnpiked roads is found in the proposal to pay to each such parish from a county rate at least one-half the cost of main- tenance of these main roads. This is robbing Peter to pay Paul, as each such subsidised parish must not only contribute its quota to the county rate, but must also largely increase its expenditure upon such main roads before they can pass the county surveyor. This is an exceedingly complex way of giving the ratepayers relief, and also of adding immensely to the cost of maintenance of all county highways. Our original proposal to let each highway area bear the entire cost of all its own highways by means of an equal rate would have been simple, and no doubt much the cheapest means of maintenance in the end. As showing the tendency of the Government to get rid of the old abominations of the parochial system, it is worthy of notice that it is proposed shortly to convert all the extra-rural parishes in Middlesex, that is, all those portions of the county not now under Local or Highway Boards, into several highway districts, so that in a few months parochial surveyorships will in that county become extinct. The parish representative on the board will be termed waywarden, and each parish will have to bear the allotted portion of cost of its- own roads as estimated by the district surveyor ; and as in all these districts certain portions of old turnpike roads exist, the maintenance of these up to a higher standard than has been done in the past will act infe- rentially upon the local highways, and thus a better and more equal state of road repairs will exist. Much as the recent Act lacks directness, it will doubtless tend m no small degree to produce improved management of our rural highways. Begonia Nellie May. — It has been pointed out to us that in the list of new plants certificated by the Floral Committee last year, published at p. 7S2 of our issue for December 21, we have omitted to include Begonia Nellie May, one of the Chiswick seedlings, certificated on September 17. For the young lady's sake we are very sorry, and humbly beg her pardon. The "Ground Forem.\n " again. — Some of our readers may be interested to know that the "Ground Foreman," against whose fraudulent prac- tices we have lately had occasion to caution nursery- men and gardeners in the Southern Counties, and whose sudden disappearance from Chichester we noted last week, has been caught at last, and safely lodged "in durance vile." He was arrested at the instigation of Mr. Maurice Young, of the Milford Nurseries, Godalming, at Chiddingfold, on Decem- ber 26, and upon the evidence tendered by Mr. Young's foreman before the county magistrates at Guildford, last Saturday, he was remanded for a week. His assumed names were Miles, Maynard, and Wyld, but his real name is Waller ; and it would appear that after his experience at Chichester he thought it desirable to shave off his moustache, his face now being destitute of that adornment. Mr. Young — whose name Waller has used with most unwarrantable freedom — requests us to state that he will be glad to hear from any one who has been duped by the scoundrel. Institution of Surveyors. — At the request of many members who desire to take part in the discussion on Mr. Hedley''s paper, and who will be absent at Quarter Sessions on January 6, it has been determined that a supplementary paper by Mr. Hedley on "Cartage and Station Terminals" be read at that meeting, and that the discussion on the two papers be continued on January 20. A Change in Proprietorship. — We understand that the business of horticultural builders so long carried on by Messrs. Hereman & Morton, formerly at Tichborne Street and Gloucester Street, and now of 43, Highgate Road, N.W., has passed into the hands of Mr. B. W. Warhurst, who was in the service of the late firm for over seventeen years. • The Weights and Measures Act, 1S7S. — This Act, to which we have previously referred, came into operation on the 1st inst., and is intended to secure uniformity of weights and measures. After specifying what are the imperial weights and measures, the Act goes on to say that trade contracts, sales, dealings, &c., are to be in terms of imperial weights and measures, and that " no local or customary measure, nor the use of the heaped measure shall be lawful " (section 19); and further in the same section it is enacted "that any person who sells by any de- nomination of weight or measure other than one of the imperial weights or measures, or some multiple or part thereof, shall be liable to a fine not exceeding forty shillings for every such sale." From this, it would appear that dealers in Covent Garden Market, whose measures are not "imperial," but "local or customary," would be liable to a fine every time they made use of such measure ; but this unsatisfactory state of things is annulled by the 22d section, which runs thus : — " Nothing in this Act shall prevent the sale, or subject a person to a fine under this Act for the sale, of an article in any vessel, where such vessel is not represented as containing any amount of imperial measure, nor subject a person to a fine under this Act for the possession of a vessel where it is shown that such vessel is not used nor intended for use as a measure." Now the sieves, punnets, junks, pots, kipes, pottles, hands, bundles, bunches, blooms, sprays, &c., in common use are not imperial measures, and their use would seem therefore still to be legal, provided they are not stated to be imperial measures. But this is a question for the lawyers. The same may be said of section 23, which specially applies to us, and to those of our contemporaries who give market reports. It runs thus :—" Any person who prints, and any clerk of a market or other person who makes, any return, price-list, price-current, or any journal or other paper containing price-list or price- current, in which the denomination of weights and measures quoted or referred to denotes or implies a greater or less weight or measure than is denoted or implied by the same denomination of the imperial weights and measures under this Act, shall be Hable to a fine not exceeding ten shillings for every copy of such return, pricedist, price-current, journal, or other paper which he publishes." This latter clause seems to us so stringent as not to be workable ; at any rate, for our own part, we should gladly obey the law, if we could do so, but as we are not mer- chants, but are dependent on those who are, we can exercise no control over the weights and measures the dealers choose to use. We greatly regret the utterly unscientific character of the weights and measures in use in the several markets, and we should most gladly employ a more rational and uniform system, but it is clear to every one but the framers of the Act, that "persons who print" market reports must either print what is given them to print, or abdicate their functions altogether. The Weather. — According to the report issued by the Meteorological Office for the week ending December 30, 1S7S, the weather was very unsettled ; much snow at the commencement of the week, and considerable quantities of rain towards its close. Temperatures showing great changes ; minima as low as 5° to 9° over England and Ireland on the morning of Wednesday the 25th, but maxima at the close of the week exceeding 50° in all districts and reaching 59° at Roche's Point and Loughborough on the 29lh and 30th respectively. Rainfall more than the mean in all districts, the excess being inconsiderable in most parts, but amounting to twelve-tenths of an inch in the south-west of England. Heavy falls were reported at nearly all our western and northern stations on the 2Sth. Wind light and variable on the 24th ; south- easterly breezes setting in on the following day, and strong south-westerly to southerly winds at the close of the week. Sale of an Old-Estaislished Nursery. —Our advertising columns contain the details of the sale, by Messrs. Protheroe & Morris, on the gth inst., of the freehold nursery at Tooting, occupied by Messrs. Rollisson. The estate occupies about S acres, with dwelling-house, outbuildings, twenty-six greeenhouses and numerous pits. The contents of the nursery will be sold by auction subsequently to the disposal of the freehold. Gardening Appointments.— Mr. A. Lan- caster, late foreman at Rendlesham Hall, Sutlolk, has been appointed head-gardener to the Earl of Leicester, Holkham, Norfolk.— Mr. H. Russell has resigned his situation .as steward to E. LeigK Pemuerton, Esq., M.P., Torry Hill, Sittingbourne, Kent, and has been appointed steward and manager of the estates and gardens, &c., of Sir R. Levinge, Bart., Knockdrin Castle, MuUingar, Co. Westmeath. His successor in the management of the gardens at Torry Hill is Mr. Ratcliff, late foreman at Brandon Lodge, Coventry. 20 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 4, 1879. JOSEPH DALE. It is with great regret that we have to record the death, on Tuesday last, of Mr. Joseph Dale, so long .ind so honourably known as gardener to the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple. 1 le left his residence, Pompon Vill.a, Church Road, Lcylon, Essex, intend- ing, .as usual, to proceed to his charge in the city, .and w.as apparently in very good health ; but on reaching Lcylon .Station he had to wait fur a train, and was sitting and talking to a neighbour, when he suddenly fell over on to his friend's lap, and expired of heart disease, without a moan. I\Ir. Dale was born on the 29th of June, 1S15, and was therefore in his sixty- fourth year — singularly enough, the same age as his old colleague, " Sam liroomc," who died in January, 1870. A gardener from his youth, and wonderfully fond of his calling, Mr. Dale was appointed gardener to the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple in 1S43, previous to which he was, we believe, employed in a nursery famous in those days, and familiarly known as "Groom's of Walworth." From first to last, during the thirty-five years he had charge of the Temple Gardens, he gained and held the esteem and affection of a very wide circle of friends. .Soon after entering upon his charge — a more onerous post then than from encroach- ments and other causes it has been of late years — town gardening became his hobby, and it was his discovery in the Temple Gardens of the adaptability of the Chrysanthemum for culture in towns that induced him to pay so much attention to the cultiva- tion of that flower, and some years ago to publish a small book on the same subject. So far back as 1857, at a Special Parliament of the Bench of the Middle Temple " it was ordered that a testimonial be pre- sented to the gardener, Joseph Dale, as a token of the great satisfaction which his very successful show of Chrysanthemums has given to the Bench ; " and it was only in February last when he was presented with a handsome timepiece and a purse of fifty guineas " by friends who esteem his worth and appreciate his labours in the cultivation of the Chrysanthemum." Mr. Dale always took a lively interest in the im- provement, by planting with trees and shrubs, of the squares and churchyards of London, and many a handsome " Plane " bears witness to his labour of love. It was a custom of his at one time to freely distribute plants and cuttings to the charity children connected with the churches in the neighbourhood of the Temple, and in this way induced them to tend and ultimately to exhibit the plants at shows held in the parish school-rooms. For many years past he has acted as judge at most of the leading Chrysanthemum shows in the kingdom ; and, full of enthusiasm for his profession and all belonging to it, and of a most kindly and sociable disposition, he was, take him all in all, a fine specimen of the old-fashioned English gardener, and one of the most worthy of men. His funeral will take place in the churchyard of the old parish church of Leyton, to-day, at 12 o'clock. ptnitc CoiTfspiikittc. Liriodendron tulipifera.— It is strange that we see so few of this tree about conserved grounds in any place. Seeing that it is such a very hardy tree, and most ornamental with its peculiar cut leaves and fine scented Lily-like flowers, one would think that it would be found oftener than it is in mostly all such places. That it will assume large dimensions in this country is amply verified from what we have seen in places here and there, notably one at The Hirsel, Coldstream, the Earl of Home's seat. Here is a very remarkable specimen, some 20 feet or more in circum- ference .and apparently quite 200 years old. It stands in the middle of the kitchen garden, and forms a very beautiful object in summer. It is not high — not more than 30 feet or so, but to all apjjearance it has been much higher. The wood is valuable, close grained, and highly prized for carved work. I am inclined to think that it is (where it is planted) pl.aced in a too hemmed-in situation, surrounded by trees, and conse- quently gets too little sun. It should be planted always on a south aspect, and on a dry bottom. Chrualicr. The Marechal Niel Rose on the Borders.— I had intended sooner to have offered what I think is the real explanation of the statement, which I have not the least doubt is quite true, of the Marechal Niel Rose flowering at high elevations in the southern counties of Scotland. It is, what was said to me years ago, "There are two Marechals Niel." I had been wondering at a Rose from one of the best of the great Rose nurseries, which grew enormously, and had flowers with the deep form and large smooth petal of the Marechal — like moderate-sized coffee- cups in fact ; but the colouring approached to that of Gloire de Dijon, and was no more than that, the bright pure yellow of de.ad or frosted gold, which is the colour the Marechal is supposed to be. I have since seen a Rose st.anding the winter in a situation not very different from those dcscrilipd, which was called Marechal Niel, and which I was at first inclined to think was simply Gloire de Dijon, but 1 observed that it had not the perpetual habit at all, and seemed only to flower in summer, giving a fair succession of flower then, and that it attained to the tree-like growth of the Marech.al. The probability seems to be that one strain of Marechal Niel — in fact a sort of sport at some time or other — has developed something of the colouring of what I'ieynolds Hole calls its hardier congener, Gloire de Dijon, and appa- rently something of the hardiness along with it. The facts are not without interest for botanists, as they certainly are of some importance to gardeners. I regret that the fine plant I mentioned before h.ad not been planted out on a fruit-wall. Not being the yellow Rose wanted, it was not planted in the con- servatory, and eventually died in a pot. The Roses mentioneil as flowering in Roxburghshire at a con- siderable height near the sea were no doubt yellower than (iloire de Dijon. The folkage of the Marechal is very distinctive. J. M., December 30. The Weather at Kelso has been very severe and below zero on two nights since the loth ult., and it has always been lielow 20° every night since till Wednesday, Christinas Day. I understand this winter to be more severe than that of 1860-61 in this part. The snow I anticipate to have been a great protec- tion to many things, and in fact to everything that has more or less come within its fall. Roses especi- ally, with perhaps the exception of standards, will have had a secure protection with the snow. It is to be hoped the storm will make its exit with less sud- denness than it did its entry, and from all appearance it will do so. //. K. The Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. — I have been pleased by your not relying on the correctness of a report of some paper on a lecturette given by me. It is rather alarming to read in the papers what one is made to say. I gave some general remarks on Borneo and Kini-Bala, stating that my knowledge was derived chiefly] from Spenser St. John's Life in the Forests of the Far East, vol. i. (1S62). Then I spoke of the Nepenthes, showing specimens, and explained their haljitats at various altitudes from 9000 — 10,000 feet as far down as N. Veitchii and Rafllesi- ana. That was all, and I did not expect to see anything about it in the Gardeners' Chronicle. H. G. Rchb.J. The Prizes for Market Gardens. — I am in- formed by a menUier of the Council that the Gar- Jeners' Chronicle has twice, in commenting on the small entry of market gardens and garden farms, blamed the Council of the Roy.al Agricultural Society fur this result, on account of the entries having been closed so soon, and also for making the offer of prizes so little known. It may be, of course, a matter of opinion whether the entries were closed too soon ; but as regards making the prizes known, I wish to inform you that, in addition to issuing extensive advertisements, I sent forms of entry by post to over six hundred market gardeners in the district for which the prizes were offered. //. M, Jenkins, Secretary. Salvia splendens.— Mr. Ravenhill condemns the planting-out system of growing this plant, and comes to the conclusion that the plants grown here must be similar to his own in grossness of growth and paucity of bloom. To ensure success by the planting-out method, the plants should be propagated in the latter end of .'Vpril or the beginning of Slay, and planted out about the midtllc of July in poor soil, in a sunny position ; give the plants a good watering, to settle the soil about the roots, and no more through the season, unless they show signs of flagging. About the end of August a sharp spade should be run round the roots to prepare the plants for removal into pots, which should be done a fortnight or three weeks after the operation. After potting, stand them in a cool house, shading them sliould the weather be sunny, and dew them over with the syringe three or four times daily till esta- blished, watering when necessary with tepid water only. By practising the above method the plants will at lifting time be studded with flowering shoots that will only require a little extra warmth to bring them out perfectly. There is nothing new in plant- ing this Salvia out in summer, but it is new to me to hear of it producing black foliage, as it appears to have done with Mr. Ravenhill. I have seen and grown this plant successfully by planting out, and also in pots, and have seen many grown by the latter inethod that did not yield much return for the labour spent on them, being both shabby in foliage and thinly bloomed. J. Roberts, Gunnersbiiry Park Gardens. The Rogiera gratissima.— This fine old plant is worthy of the high encomium you pass on it at p. 759- Is has often surprised me it is not more generally grown. Doubtless one reason for this is that the umbelliferous-like cluster of bloom, more like a Lauruslinus than any other well-known plant, soon tumbles to pieces when cut. This very much lessens its v.ilue for bouquet and vase work, but is no valid reason against Us cultivation as specimen plants in tubs or pots, or planted out as is the fine specimen you describe. The Rogiera also flowers freely running up loosely against a pillar, or grown against a wall. It would be interesting, as well as useful, to know the temperature of the cool-house in which the Rogiera did so well at York, as the plant has generally been grown in the stove or inter- mediate-house rather than the conserv.itory. Cuttings root readily, and strong shoots show terminal flowers almost as soon as rooted. The fragrance is remark- ably delicate and almost unique among flowers, as is also the soft pink colour. D. T. Fish. A Reading-Room in the Gardens. — With the permission of my employer we have a reading- room in the gardens, which I must say is not only a pleasure, but a great benefit to all who are employed in the gardens. My idea is that where young men are employed in gardens, no such place ought to be without something approaching a reading-room, be- cause, as I have said before, it is not only a pleasure to pass away the dull evenings of the long winter months in reading such valuable papers and periodi- cals as we have now offered to us at trifling cost, but it is also a great benefit to know something of the doings of the outer world ; young men will go away from home to get such news as can be obtained, but often to their own detriment, not only of mind, but pocket. The cost of a reading-room, with the help of one's employer, is but trifling. Mine has arranged with me in this way : that all illustrated papers and periodicals that he subscribes to (which are numerous) are sent into the reading-room at the end of the week of their publication, and then we subscribe together for our own gardeners' periodicals and local daily paper, which] costs twopence per week each person ; by that arrangement we have all we desire to pass away a pleasant hour. Many large gardens that have no reading-room might have one in like manner. I know there are many gardens that have a valuable library and reading-room, but they are few and far between compared with the great number of large gardens we have in the United Kingdom. H. S., Rini^ii'ood Garden. Winter Dressing of Peaches and Vines. — Is the winter dressing of Peaches and \'ines with a mixture made to the consistency of paint beneficial or otherwise ? The practice of first washing the main branches of Peaches ami \'ines with a solution of soft- soap or other powerful insecticide, and afterwar.8 k S 1 g, 1^ IS Dew Poi Degree Humidi Sat. = I i rt n o"". Dec. Tn In, ! , /I.I In. 0.00 25 29.72 —0.1532.0 '5-9 16.1 26.4 — 11.6 24-3 92j S.S.E. : E. ifi 29.26 —06246.0 31.0 iS,'-oJ4o-5 -h 27 39-4 9^1 E.S.E : s, 0.26 I? 29.25 -0.65J44-8 36.0 8.8140.3-)- 2.7 39-6 98 S.W. o'.i4 23 29.37 -o.S3'4S-S 33 0 i2.S40.5-t- 30 39-2 95] S.W. : S.S.W. 0.02 25 29-34 -0.5647.0 ,2.8 14-241-3+ 3-9 39-5 94] WSW: S.W. O.IO 30 29-35 -•0.5556.2 44.1 12.151.1 -f|i3.8 47-4 88 1 WSW: S-W. 0.12 31 29.38 -0.51 54.8 48. 8 6.0 51-3+14.1 46.6: 84 { S.S W: S. 0.13 .Tan. 1 29.52 —0.31,50.2 32.0 34.2 18.2 41 -1+ 3-9 39-3 94 { S.W. ; N. 0.65 Mean 29.40 -0.4947.1 ^ 41 .6 -t- 4-1 39-41 93 S.W. sum 1.42 Dec. 25.— Overcast, dull and very cold throughout. Snow fell after i p.m. Kaiti fell at night, slight thaw commenced. — 26.— Very mild. wet. and unpleasant. Dull and over- cast. Rapid thaw. Snow disappeared. — 27.— Fine morning. Overcast rest of the day. Very mild. Continued thaw. Rain fell frequently after ii a.m. — 28.— Generally fine but very cloudy. I\Iild. Little rain in early morning. — 29.— Very fine and bright till 3 p.m. Overcast after- wards. Rain fell in early morning, and occa- sionally after 3 p.m. — 30.— Overcast till g a m. ; fine till 2 p.m. Overcast afterwards. Rain fell in morning, and in evening. Very warm. — 31.— Very fine and bright till 2.30 p.m. Dull after. Heavy rain fell from 3 to 4 p.m. Showery in evening Very warm. Gale of wind. Jan. I.— A very dull cloudy day. Rain commenced to fall at 1.30 P.M., and tell heavily from 3 to 9 p.m., after which snow and ram fell. Temperature decreased rapidly from its highest point, viz., 50°. 2, to 32° at midnight, and further to 28^1 in the early morning of the 2d. iV(?/f.— The long-continued period of cold weather reached sixty days on December 25 (Oct. 27~-Dec. 25). The mean temperature of the air lor these sixty days was 36% being 6".-^ below the average of sixty years' observations. The mean temperature of the air for the twenty days ending Dec. 25, viz,. Dec. 6 — Dec. 25 inclusive, was 29\6, being 10". 6 below the average of sixty years' observations. The mean readmg of the barometer for the thirty-nine days ending to-day, January i, 1879, was 29.53 inches, being 0.27 inch below the average. London : Barometer. — During the week ending Saturday, December 28, 1S7S, in the vicinity of London the reading of the barometer at the level ofthesca decreased from 29. S7inches at the beginning of the week to 29.77 inches by noon on the 22d, in- creased to 30.38 inches by the afternoon of the 24th, decreased to 29.41 inches by noon on the 26th, increased to 29.66 inches by noon on the 28th, and 24 THE GARDRNRkS' CHRONICLE. tjANUARV 4, 1879. was 29.51 inches at the end of the week. The mean daily readings were below their averages on every day in the week e.xcept one, viz., the 24th, on which day the reading was 0.31 inch above the average ; the greatest departures in defect of the average were 0.62 inch on the 26th, and 0.65 inch on the 27th. The mean reading for the week at sea-level w.is 29.78 inches, being 0.27 inch above that of the preceding week, and 0.2S inch below the average. Tc}iiperaturc. — The highest temperatures of the air observed by day varied from 46° on the 26th and 45.5° on the 28th, to 27° on the 24th ; the mean value for the week was 37°. The lowest tempera- tures of the air were as follows : — 22d, 26° ; 23d, 21°. I ; 24th, 17° ; 25th, I5°.9 ; 26th, 31° ; 27th, 36° ; 28th, 33° ; the mean of all was 25!°. The mean daily range of temperature in the week was iij", the greatest range in the day being 16° on the 25th, and the least 7° on the 22d. The mean daily tem- peratures of the air and the departures from their respective averages were as follows : — 22d, 30°, — 8°.8 ; 23d, 26°.2, — I2°.2; 24th, 22°, — i6°.2 ; 25th, 26°.4, — ii°.6; 26th, 40°.5, -H 2°.7 ; 27th, 4o''.3, •(- 2°.7 ; 28th, 40°. 5, -f 3°. The mean temperature of the air for the week was 32°. 3, being 5°.S below the average of observations extending over a period of sixty years'. The highest readings of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo, placed in sun's rays, were 59° on the 23d, 58° on the 28th, and 5oJ° on the 27th ; on the 22d the reading did not rise above 36'. The lowest readings of a thermometer on grass, with its bulb exposed to the sky, were 124° on the 25th, 13° on the 24th, and iS° on the 23d; the mean of the seven lowest readings was only 234°. Wind. — The direction of the wmd was variable, and its strength moderately strong. The weather during the first four days of the week was very cold, a rapid thaw set in on the 26th, and the weather was mild during the remainder of the week. SiKno fell on the 22d and 25th. Fog prevailed on the 22d and 24th, and was very dense during the night of the latter day. Much ice was seen in the Thames during the week. Snow or rain fell on four days during the week ; the amount measured was 0.67 inch. England: Temperature. — During the week ending Saturday, December 28, the highest temperatures of the air observed by day were 52° at Truro, 50° at Plymouth, 47^^° at 15righton, and 46° at both lilack- heath and Bristol ; the highest temperature of the air at Nottingham was 35°, at Leeds was 36°, at Wolver- hampton was 361°, and at Bradford was 37,5° ; the mean value from all places was 42°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night were 5J at Nottingham, 9' at Hull, 91° at Leicester, \o\ at Wolverhampton, I2.\° at Cambridge, I2j°at Liver- pool, 14° at Bradford, 14!' at Sheffield, 15° at Leeds, and 16° at Blackheath and Norwich ; the lowest tem- per.ature of the air at Plymouth was 25°, at Truro and Sunderland was 24°, and at Brighton was 23^° ; the mean from all stations was 153° only. The extreme range of temperature in the week was the greatest at Cambridge, 31 J, and the least at Sunder- land, 16" ; the mean range from all stations was z(>\°. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was the highest at Truro, 47^°, Plymouth 42:]°, and Brighton 40;°; and the lowest at Wolverhampton and Nottingham, both 32i°, Leicester 33°, Hull ii\°, and Bradford 334° ; the mean value' from all places was 364°. The mean of the seven low night tempe- ratures was the lowest at Nottingham, 202°, Wolver- hampton and Hull, both 22°, Leicester 23^°, Brad- ford 234°, and Leeds 24^° ; and the highest at Truro, 33i"'> Plymouth 315°, and Brighton 30°; the mean from all stations was 26°. The mean daily range of temperature in the week was the greatest at Truro, I4i°, and the least at Sunderland, 6J° ; the mean daily range from all places was 10.^°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all places was 3iJ°, being 7° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 1877. The mean tem- perature of the air was the highest at Truro, 40.^°, Plymouth, 37°, and Brighton, 35^° ; and the lowest at Nottingham, 26.1°, Wolverhampton, 27;J°, Hull, 274°, Leicester 28°, and Bradford 281°. Rain. — The amounts of rain and melted snow measured during the week were the heaviest at Truro, 2 inches, Nottingham, 1.34 inch, Wolver- hampton, 1. 28 inch, and Leicester, 1.25 inch ; and the least at Brighton, Liverpool, and Bradford, all about six-tenths of an inch ; the average amount over the country was 0.96 inch. The weather during the first four days of the week was bitterly cold, dull, and snmo fell generally. A thaw commenced on the 26th, and the three remain- ing days were mild, with frequent rain. The frost on the 24th was intense, and the weather was pain- fully cold. Scotland : Tcmferattire. — During the week ending Saturday, Dec. 28, 1878, the highest tempera- lures of the air observed by day were 394° at Glasgow and 38° at Dundee ; at Perth the highest temperature was 36", and at Edinburgh 36V ; the mean value from all places was 37 1°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night were 17° at Perth, i8° at Glasgow, 19° at Dundee, 204° at Edinburgh, and 21° at Leith ; the lowest temperature at Greenock was 23°, and at Aberdeen was 22° ; the mean value from all stations was 20°. The mean range of tem- perature in the week from all places was I7i°- The mean temperature of the air for the week from all stations was 29^°, being 4° lower than the value for the corresponding week m 1877. The highest were 30^° at Greenock, 30}° at Glasgow, and 30° at Aberdeen and Leith ; and the lowest were 284° at Perth .and 29^° at Edmburgh. Rain. — The amounts of rain and melted snow measured during the week varied from three-fourths of an inch at Dundee to two-tenths of an inch at (Jreenock ; the average amount over the country was half an inch. Dublin. — The highest temperature of the air was 45}°, the lowest was 94°, the extreme range was therefore 36°, the mean was 30',°, and the amount of rain and melted snow measured was 0.70 inch. JAMES GLAISHER. Variorum. The Manui'acture and Use ok Carod- Bkan Brandy is becoming general. According to El Coincreio, of Valencia, as quoted in a French consular report, is is already prepared on a consider- able scale in this country, and flavoured with juniper in order to make it a substitute for gin. Twenty-live parts of broken and macerated pods are added to sixty-five parts of water, and submitted to regular fer- mentation. The liquid obtained by separation from the lees is distilled and chemically rectified, and yields 104 per cent, of spirit ; and the precipitation from the first distillation yields another 14 per cent., making a total of 12 per cent. Brandy of this kind has the odour and flavour of the bean itself, to which, it is stated, the palate soon becomes accustomed ; or it may be disguised by juniper or anise-seed. Tea and Coffee in the Straits Settle- ments.— Attention has recently been drawn by a contemporary to our possessions in the Malay penin- sula as a new outlet for English enterprise in the cultivation of Tea and Cofl'ee. It is reported that recent experiments have been attended with gratifying success, and it is remarked that with a soil and climate so eminently suited for the purpose, it is singular that so little Tea .and Coffee have hitherto been grown in different parts of the Straits settle- ments. Coffee trees grow in the fertile soil, and thrive and produce berries in profusion, without the slightest attention on the part of the natives who profit from their luxuriant growth ; and where Tea has been planted it has produced regular and heavy crops. " Vast areas of low undulating hills, covered with fertile soil, lie ready waiting for the planter's care. The advantages of comparatively easy means of transport, of abundant and cheap labour, and regularly recurring seasons, which are possessed by the Straits settlements, are additional inducements to the investment of capital in the above industries." The trade of the settlements is stated to amount, out- wardly and inwardly, to about ^25,000,000 annually, about one-fifth of which is with this country. The exports consist chiefly of pepper, sugar, rice, india- rubber, gums, spices, and tapioca. Answers to Correspondents. Books ; A', i-" F. We know of no better guides than Brown's Forcs/er and Grigor's .'Xrboriculturc. The former is pulilished by Blackwood & Sons, and the latter Ijy Edmondston & Douglas. Colorado Beetle : X. Both the larva and the per- fect insect feed on the leaves of Solanums, but the larva is the more voracious of the two. Flora ov Mat,t.\ : .V. Flora Mclitciisis, by Johann Karl Grech Delicata ; Flora Dalmatica, by Visiani. MoCTgridge, Flora of Mciitotjc {coast from Marseilles to Genoai, Gardene-Ks' Addresses : J. G. M. Yes ; the Horti- cultural Directory, published at 171. I-'Iect Street, E.G. Price 2s. Names of Fruit : Dolaeroii. The Pear is Josephine de Malines. The specimens of -Apples sent do not appear to be in character, and we cannot recognise them. Names OK Plants : IV. Adams, i, Edwardsiamicro- phylla ; 2, Pittosporum undulatum ; 3. Pittosporuni Tobira. — G. F. P. i. Justicia calycotricha. The otlicr is not recognised. — A'. J. .Xdiantum affinc. — C. //. IV. T, Gymnogramma javanica ; 2, Micro- Icpia platyphylla. Primula sinensis : Primula. The trusses sent indi- cate a very fine variety, the flowers large, of great sub- stance, and very much filled, the colour a pretty shade of rose-pink. Propagating the Mistleto : //. The best mode of propagating Mistleto on .Apple and Thorn trees is to rub the berries on the smooth bark of tlie underside of the branches until they "ill not easily slip. 'Die object of placing them on the underside is to prevent birds from picking off the seeds. Put them on at once, or any time while the berries are fresh and not shrivelled up. Roman Hyacinths : Douglas. We much doubt if such small bulbs as those of the Roman Hyacinth would have stamina enough to bear forcing a second season. Tliis is probably the reason why yours have failed to start, which fact alone shows that it is not safe to depend upon these old Inilbs. Erratum. — In my article on " Bottom-heat for pot and other Vines," p. 820, 1878, for "roots"read "rods." J-S. C.\talogurs Received : — Messrs. .Austin & M'.Aslan (16, Buchanan Street, Glasgow), Descriptive Catalogue of Garden Seeds, Liliunts, Gladioli, and Garden Requi- sites.— B. S. Williams (Upper Holloway, London, X.), Descriptive Catalogue of Flower, Vegetable, and .Agricultural Seeds, Implements, &c. — Messrs. Downie & Laird (17, South Frederick Street, Edinburgh), Descriptive Catalogue of Garden, Flower, and Agri- cultural Seeds, Implements, &c. — Messrs. C. R. Freeman & Freeman (Norwich), The Economic Gardening Guide : a General Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue. — Louis Van Houtte (The Royal Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium), Catalogue of Gcsneraceous Plants. — Messrs. H. & F. Sharpe (Wisbech, Cambridge- shire), Wholesale Catalogue of Seeds, and New Potato, Pride of Ontario. — Messrs. Dickson & Robin- son (12, Old Millgate, Manchester), Descriptive Cata- logue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds. — Robert T. Veitch (S4, High Street, E.xeter), .Spring Catalogue of Garden and P'lower Seeds. — Messrs. Stuart, Mein & Allan (Kelso, N.B. ), Amateur's Guide and Seed Cata- logue for 1879. — Messrs. Charles .Sharpe & Co. (Slea- ford, Lincolnshire), Spring Catalogue and .Seed List. — Messrs. Daniels Bros. (Norwich), Illustrated Guide and Catalogue for Amateur Gardeners. — Messrs. J. C. Wheeler & Son (Gloucester), Little Book, or Illus- trated Short Select Seed List. — Messrs. W, Wright & Co. (.Airdrie, near Glasgow), Particulars, &c., of Wright's Endless Flame Impact Hot-water Boilers. — Messrs. W. H. Quick cS: Co. (Barnstaple), .Select List of Farm, Garden, and Flower Seeds. — Messrs. Todd & Co. (7, Maitland Street, Edinburgh). Catalogue of Garden Seeds. — H. Elliott (51, High Street, Maiden- head, Berks), Amateurs' Garden ^Guide and Cata- logue.— Messrs. Thos. Methven & .Sons (15, Princes Street, Edinburgh), Catalogue of Garden, Flower, and .Agricultural Seeds. Implements, &c. Communications Received : — M. J. B. — C. N. — N. E. B. — W. N.-J. B. — R. McL.-C. O.-H. H. D.— G. N. — R. T. C. — W, W. S.— E. B.— J. D.— W. M. — Lector (next weelc).— J. S.— J. C. & Co.— E. S.— D. W.— J. C.-H. L.— J. B.— R. B., Sen. COVENT GARDEN, January 2. This has been a broken week with Ub ; supply and demand being at their lowest. Vegetables dearer, fames Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Plants in Pots. s. d. s. d. Arum Lily, or Rich- ardia sethiop., doz. 24, 0-30 o Azaleas, per dozen.. 24 0-60 o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Bouvardias, per doz. 18 0-24 o Camellias, per dozeniS 0-60 o Chrysanth., per doz. 6 0-30 o Cyperus, per dozen 6 0-12 o Dracaena lerminalis 30 0-60 o — viridis. per doz. ..18 0-24 o Epiphyllum, perdoz.18 0-60 o Erica Caffra, p. doz. 60-90 — gracilis, p. dozen g 0-12 o — hyemalis, p. doz.i2 0-42 o Cut Flowers. s. d. s. d. Abutilon, 12 blooms 06-10 Arum Lilies, i2blms.i2 0-24 o Azaleas, 12 sprays .. 16-40 Bouvardias. per bun. 10-40 Camellias, per dozen 6 o-iS o Carnations, per dozen 16-40 Chrysanth.. per doz. 20-60 — per 12 bunches., g o-iS o Epiphyllum, i2blms. 10-30 Eucharis, per doz. ..10 o-iS o Gardenias, 12 blms.12 0-24 o Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. 06-10 Hyacin., Rom.,i2sp. 20-40 Euonymus,var.,doz. 6 Ferns, in var., p. doz. 4 Ficus elastica, each 2 FoHage Plants, vari- ous, each . . ..2 Hyacin., Rom.,doz.i2 Mignonette, per doz. 6 Myrtles, per doz. . . 6 Palms in variety, each .. ..2 Pelargoniums. scar- lets, zonal, doz . . 6 Primulas, per dozen 6 Solanums, her., doz. 6 Lily of Valley, spray 1 Mignonette, 12 bun. 6 Narcissus, paper- white, 12 sprays . . 2 Pelargoniums, i2spr. 2 — zonal, 12 sprays i Primula, double, per bunch .. ..I Roses (indoor), doz. 2 Trop.-eolum, 12 bun. 2 Tuberoses, per dozen 3 Violets, 12 bunches 4 d. s. d. 0-18 o 0-18 o 6-1 s o 0-10 6 0-18 o 0-90 0-12 o 6-21 o 0-I2 O 0-12 O 0-18 O d. s. d. 0-20 o- g o 0-60 a- 4 o 0-20 0-30 0-12 o 0-60 c- 6 o 0-60 Artichokes, English Globe, doz. — Jerusalem, bush. Asparagus, Fr. sprue, per bundle — English, per bun, Beans, French, p. 100 2 Beet, per doz. .. i o- Brus. sprouts, bush. 10 o- Cabbages.pcrdoz. .. Carrots, per bunch . . Cauliflowers, per doz. Celery, per bundle .. Chilis, per 100 Cucumbers, each . . Endive, Batav. dozen Garlic, per lb. Vegetables. . rf. s. d. 20-40 40-.. 16-.. 30-.. 10-20 04-06 20-30 16-20 20-.. 04-16 1 6- .. o 6- s. d. s. d. 40-.. Horse Radish, p. buo. Lettuces, Cabbage, per doz. .. ..16-.. Mint, green, bunch., i fr- .. Onions, young, bun. 04-06 Parsley, per bunch.. 04-.. Peas, per quart ..12 o- .. Potatos, new, basket 10-.. Radishes, per bunch o »- o 3 — Sp.inish. doz. . . 1 o~ . . — New Jersey, doz. 20-.. Rhubarb, doz. ..10 o- .. Shallots, per ib, .. 06- .. Seakale, per punnet 26-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-50 Sweet Potatos, per lb. 06-.. Tomatos, per dozen 26-30 Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04 Turnips, p. 12 bunch, 30-.. The Potato market is quiet, and without alteration in prices . — Regents, looi. to 130^. ; Early Rose, iios. to i2Ci'. per ton. January 4, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 25 s. d. s. d. Oranges, per loo . . 40-80 Pears, per doz. . . 40-80 Pine-apples, per lb. 20-40 t'RUIT. s. d. s. d. 1 Apples, K-basket . . 16-50 Cobs and filberts, lb. 09-10 Grapes, per lb. ..20-60 Lemons, per 100 .. ^ o-io o *•' The quantities supplied to us are those in customary use in the market. The Weights and Measures Act, elsewhere referred to, contains no reference to such expressions as dozens, bundles, bunches, baskets, sieves, blooms, sprays, punnets, pottles, &c. We undertake no responsibility in the matter further than publishing the lists furnished us. SEEDS. London ; Jan. i. — The opening market of the New Year, as was sure to be the case, was thinly attended, with but little business doing. Notwithstanding, however, the quiet feeling which has recently prevailed, the seed trade is, on the whole, in a sound and healthy condition, and a fair amount of activity may shortly be expected. It must be borne in mind that at the present time values all round, being at an abnormally low level, are perfectly safe, that the stocks of every description are unusually light : that this season's shipments of American Clover, instead of being overwhelming, as was once feared, have been on a most meagre scale — the actual exports from New York to the United Kingdom being only 395 tons ; that there has fortunately been an absence of autumn speculation ; and, lastly, that the purchases of the pro- vincial seed houses have thus far been insignificant — consequently a good consumptive demand may this spring be confidently anticipated. Medium and low samples of English red ofter freely, but large purple seed continues quite exceptional. Holders in the United States show- no desire to press their seed on this market, their home and Continental demand quickly taking up all thor receipts. In Trefoil the tendency continues adverse to the buyer. .Alsike and white Clover are also both very steady. There is an inquiry for split Egyptian Lentils. Hemp, Canary, Rape, Linseed, Peas, Kc, are without quotable variation. John Shaw b' Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, London, B.C. CORN. Trade at Mark Lane on Monday was very dull, and prices for Wheat were easier where there was any pressure to sell. Barley was slow of sale, and except in the case of very fine malting produce, quotations favoured buyers. Malt remained without change. Oats and Maize both had a declining tendency. Beans and Peas were taken off sparingly, and a very limited inquiry was experienced for flour. Prices in each instance were nominally the same. — Trade was again dull on Wednesday, and quotations were almost nominal. In English VVheat the tone of business was flat. Foreign Wheat was fairly plentiful, and any pressure to sell was accompanied by a reduction in price. Fine malting Barley was well held, while other qualities were cheaper to sell. Oats and Maize and other descriptions supported previous rates with difficulty, the trade throughout being particularly slow. — .Average prices of corn for the week ending December 28, 1878 : —Wheat, 39J. gi/. ; Barley, 3SX. 30'. ; Oats, 201. jd. For the corresponding period in the preceding year : — Wheat, sii. 911'. ; Barley, 43^. ; Oats, 235. .\d- CATTLE. At the Metropolitan Market on Mond.ay there was a fair supply of bciists for the day. Choice descriptions were not plentiful, and for best Scots 6s. was reached, but our quotations represent a fair average of business transacted. The number of sheep was larger than ex- pected. Trade was dull, and on the average prices lower. It was difficult to effect a clearance. Trade was dull for calves. Quotations :— Beasts, +f. bd. to 5J. j,d., and 5.r. 6d. to y. lod. ; calves, ^s. 6d. to 6s. 40'. ; sheep, 5^. 4d. to SJ-. 8d., and 6.r. 4rf. to 7J-. — On Thursday the supply of beasts was rather large for the dav, and trade was dull at depressed prices. Sheep also w'ere flat and weak. Calves and pigs were scarce. HAY. At Whitechapel on Tuesday there was a larger supply, the trade for which was flat at reduced prices. Prin'ic Clover, IOCS, to loSj. ; inferior, 80.1. to gos. ; prime meadow hay, 75^. to 8+t. ; inferior, 40s. to 70^.; and straw, 30J. to 38J. per load. — The supply on Thursday was moderate, .and the trade rather better, as follows ; — Prime Clover, 100.1. to 108^. ; inferior. Sos. to 90-1. ; prime meadow hay, 751. to 8+t. ; inferior, 40s. to 70s. ; and straw. 30J. to 38J. per load.— Cumberland Market quotations :— Superior meadow hay, 841. to 92J. ; inferior, 65J. to 72.1. ; superior Clover, iooj-. to 113s. ; inferior, Sos. to gzs. ; and straw, 38J. to 42.?. per load. POTATOS. We learn from the Borough and Spitalfields reports that there have been only limited supplies, and the con- dition of them unsatisfactory. No material change could be noted in prices, but trade was very slow. Kent Regents, 100/. to 1151. per ton; Essex ditto, Sos. to 100s. ; flukes, iioi. to 140s.; Victorias, iioj. to 133^.; Champions, Soi. to gos. per ton. The importation into London last week was upon a very moderate scale ; 11,871 bags were received from Hamburg, while the arrivals from .Antwerp and other Continental ports barely exceeded 3000 b.igs. COALS. At market on Monday the demand for house coals was somewhat dull, and prices fell is. per ton. Hartleys were also is. per ton lower. Wednesday's quotations were as follows :— Springwcll West Hartley, 14s. gd. ; Walls End— Hetton, jgs.; Hetton Lyons, 16s. gd. ; Hawthorns, i6s. gd. ; Original Hartlepool, 20s. ; South Hetton, 19^, ; Thomlcy, iSs. gd.; Tees, i8.r. gd, SHARPE'S INVINCIBLE, New Long-Podded Blue Marrow Pea. Price, per ftuart, 23. 6d. Half-pint Packets, free by Post, Is. /i'/- Testimonials j^c " Gardeners* Chronicle" of Nov. 23, /. 671 : Nov. 16, p. 644 ; and Dec. 7, p. 735. Trade Price on application. RAUGEBY HALL MELON, This splendid new Green-fleshed Melon has been raised by Mr. BROWN, the gardener at Rauceby Hall, and has during the past two seasons been exhibited seventeen times — in every case gaining a First Prize. It is hardy, a fine setter, and a very heavy cropper. The fruit is very beautifully netted, the flesh juicy, sweet, and melting, and of a very rich flavour. Alto- gether it is a variety of unquestionable supe- riority, and worthy a place in every garden. Price 2s. 6d. per packet. For Testimonials see " Gardeners' Chronuie" of Dec. 14, p. 766. Trade Price on application. EDELWEISS. (GNAPHALIU.M LEONTOPODIUiM, Jacq.) (CHARLES SHARPE and CO., V_-' having received a small supply of SEED of the above lovely little Alpine Plant with woolly silvery-white bracts, can offer packets post-free at 2J". 6cf. each. Its cultivation presents no difficulty, and full instructions will be sent with each packet. Seed Warehouse, Sleaford. QppH T iQt"^ PHARLES .SHARPE and C O.'S Vy WHOLESALE and RETAIL LISTS of VEGETARLE and FARM SEEDS ARE NOW READY, and will be sent post-free on application. CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Seed Farmers, Sleaford, and at 31, New Com E.xcbange, Mark Lane, London, E.G. To the Trade.— Seed Potatos. CAREFULLY SELECTED and FREE FROM DISEASE. (CHARLES SHARPE and CO. V-/ will have much pleasure in forwarding their SPECIAL PRICED CATALOGUE of SEED POTATOS, Grown by themselves this season. CHARLES SHARPE and CO., having at much trouble and expense procured the choicest stocks of all the finest English and American varieties, can confidently recommend what they offer. Seed Warehouse, Sleaford. Ashleaved Potatos. SPECIAL OFFER ^^ for large quantities. EARLY ASHLEAF, | MYATT'S PROLIFIC, RIVERS' ROYAL. CHARLES SHARPE and CO. are prepared to make low quotations for the above, when larse quantities are taken. SLEAFORD- Send for a PRICE LIST of BLAKE'S SELF-ACTING HYDEATJLIC EAMS, For Raising Water for the Supply of Villages, Irrigation, Railway Stations, Mansions, Fountains, Farms. No Cost for Alotive Power, which is obtained from the Stream of Water passing through the Rams. NO OILING OR PACKING REQUIRED. Made in sizes to raise from 300 to 100,000 Gallons per day. WILL FORCE TO A HEIGHT OF 1500 FEET. This Ram will raise a part of the same water that works it, or will raise pure water from a well whilst it is worked by a stream of impure water. TESTIMONIALS. FromiJte Right Hon. T. Sothern Estcourt, Estcoiirt Park, Gloucestershire, September 6^ 1875. "You will be glad to hear, as I am to tell you, that your Self-acting Hydraulic Ram has worked exceedingly well and continuously since it was erected, more than twelve months ago. It is, in fact, perfectly successful." (The delivery pipe in the above case is 4200 feet long, with 100 feet rise.) From Captain Townshend, IVineltavi, Fchrjtary 10, 1877. " In answer to your enquiry, I am glad to say the Hydraulic Ram you sent me in November, 1875, is working exceedingly well, and gives no trouble. It will work when quite immersed, as it has been several times during the floods this winter, forcing up water through a delivery pipe 900 yards long at the rate of 80,000 gallons per day, although you only promised 50.000." From W. Scarth, Esq., Agent to His Grace the Duke of Cleveland, Rnhy Castle, Darlington, July 16, 1878. " The Hydraulic Ram you supplied to his Grace the Duke of Cleveland in 1875 is a complete success. It worked for more than two years without once stopping, and throws more water than promised." Deanwater, IVilnrslow, Novemhe> 20, 1S73. " Dear Sir, — In answer to your enquiries respecting the Hydraulic Ram you supplied me with six months ago, I beg to state that I am more than satisfied with it, as it is in perfect order, sending up to the top of the house about 2000 gallons of water in the tweniy-four hours, whereas you only contracted to deliver in that time 500 gallons. I have, therefore, every reason to be well pleased with your work, and more especially as I had a Ram supplied me by another maker which could not send up a single gallon of water to the height required, and a second maker informed me that no Ram with a fall of 3 feet could send up water to the distance required, namely, 120 feet. But yours is an accomplished fact, and does its work most effectually,— I am, yours truly, L. Hanmer." From John Taylor, Esq., The Rocks, Bath, Aug. 22, 1878. " The Self-acting Hydraulic Ram you fixed here in March ot last year continues to work well. It has only the same quantity of water and fall to work it as the water-wheel and pump which I used previously to force to a height of 294 feet, and yet the Ram sends up more than double the quantity of water than tha wheel did to the same height." From ]qhh Pennington, Esq., Emmoii Hall^Jtea> Colne^ December iiy 1868. " Sir.— The Self-acting Hydraulic Ram you supplied me with nine months ago continues in excellent condition. It receives water from a spring through a 2-inch pipe, of which it forces 3600 gallons per day of twenty-four hours to a height of 90 feet, exceeding all you promised, and far surpassing the water-wheel and force pumps which it has displaced. Its cost is small, it occupies but little space (2 square feet), and in mechanical detail is simplicity itself. I have much pleasure in recom- mending it as a cheap and efficient method of raising water." JOHN BLAKE, ENGINEER, ACCRINGTON. 26 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 4, 1879. SPECIAL NOTICE GRAND CHRISTMAS GIFT. The finest and most Valuable Gift ever offered, will be Pre- sented to every Reader of this paper, under the following dis- tinguished Patronage ; — Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise of Hessh. His Grace the Archbishop of Armagh. Her Grace the Duchess of Wellington. His Grace the Duke of Athole. His Grace the Dukr. of Rutland. The Right Honourable the Earl of Gainsborough. Her Majesty's Secretary of State for the Home Department. And a vast number of other distinguished Personages. EACH READER of this Paper will be entitled to receive from THE NATIONAL FINE ART UNION. 35, Great James Street, Bedford Row, London, W.C., a copy (24 in. by 18 in.) of The Magnificent Painting, by R. Ansdell, R.A., entitled, THE FIGHT for the STANDARD THIS SPLENDID WORK, which at the present moment appeals so powerfully to all patriotic Britons, IS an exact fac siinHe of the Original Painting, which cost Nme Thousand Guineas. It is produced m the very highest style of art by a patent process, and is acknowledged by all connoisseurs to be a perfect counterpart of an Oil Painting, which for faithfulness of colouring and truthfulness of outline is simply matchless. The unapproachable excellence of the origmal picture is thus for the first time placed within the reach of the public. Now that our troops are in the full tide of AN AFGHAN War, it is felt fespecially at this season of the year) that some memento of their brave doings is more than ever appropriate. The scene is on the Battle Field. Away in the distance is just seen the dim elare of the Artillery, while our troops are hurrymg to and fro in the highest state of e.\cited courage. Sud- denly one of our gallant Scots' Greys finds himself confronted by the enemy's mounted Standard Bearer, and this Picture depicts, with life-like reality, the terrible cumbat which ensuts. With his features sternly set. and with one hand grasping the eremy's standard, our gallant soldier carelessly throwing the reins upon his horse's neck, deals defeat all around him. The maddened horses rushing from the field terrified with the sounds of Artillery, are all details which only Ansdell knew how to paint, and which have never since been atiempied. This most stupendous achievement of the painter's art is un- rivalled. The energy and passion of expretsfn is rendercLl wuh a genius both extraordinary and unique. The magnitude I if purpose which the painter has brought to the composiiion uf this work, displays the qualities of an illustrator so sublime, that mere words fail to give any adequate conception uf the reality which appeals alike to our love of the beautiful and to our patriotism. The following will attest its worth : — *' Dear Sir, — " The above splendid picture has never been sold under the regular price of ' Two Guineas.' (Signed) •" CHARLES GOOLD, Manager. "National Fine Art Union, 35, Great James Street, W.C." This GRAND PRESENTATION PICTURE will be given to each reader of this Paper who cuts out the Redempiiim Bond found below, and sends it to THE NATIONAL FINE ART UNION, 35. Great James Street. Bedford Row, London, W.C-. together with 16 stamps, or P.O.O. for i^. T^d., payable at ihe General Post Office, Loudon, E.C.. to Charles Goold, to pay the cost of case, transmission, copyright, and other charges. It will then be sent free to all parts of Great Britain and Ireland, securely packed, and warranted to reach its destination uninjured. Cut out tMs Bond and send it to tlie National Fine Art Union, 35, Great James Street, Bedford Row, London, W.C. REDEMPTION BOND. This Bond entitles the holder to one copy of the Magnificent Painting of THE FIGHT for the STANDARD, And must be sent, together with Sixteen Stamps, or Fost-offiee Order fur u. -^d., to the NATIONAL FINE ART UNION, Who will redeem it in the order received. (Signed) NATIONAL FINE ART UNION, 35. flrc.it ]anies Street, Bedford Row, London. W.C. No. 239. \.3. — Not available after February 15, 1879. Note these- Instritctions.—kW Bonds must be sent in on or before FEBRUARY 15. 1879. The Bond must in all cases be :>ent, otherwise persons might reap the benefits intended for the leaders of this paper only. Each copy will be bent secnrtW packed One copy will be sent for each BOND, and NONE CAN BE SENT WITHOUT ONE. EXCEPT ON THE RECEIPT OF TWO GUINEAS. The Bond will not again be printed in thii paper, hence the advisability of at once cutting it out and sendmg it for redemption, as each will b* attended to in rotation as received. T'tc picture is well worth liandsomely /raviing, and its artistic merit and intmtsic value will render it a desirable addition to ezery koMSehold. The Thames Bank Iron Company OLD BARGE WHARF, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E., Have the largest and most complete stock in the Trade ; upwards of £fio,'aoo worth to choose from. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, And all CASTINGS for HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. Their New Ilhistrated Catalogue, d,th Edition, now ready {j>rice Sixpence). Hot-water Apparatus erected complete, or the materials supplied at "WTiolesale Prices. LEGION OF HONOUR (Paris Exhibition) : GOLD MEDAL. W. H. Lascelles, HOETICUIjTUEAL buildee, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.G. (From the " Gardeners' Chronicle.") CURVED CONSERVATORY, STOVES, &c., Erected at Manor House, Sutton, of W. H. L.'s Patent Bent Wood Curved Bars, and Glazed with Straight Sheet Glass. Illustrated Lists sent, post-free, on application, and Estimates given without charge. Trade Mark. Branded on every Casting. Macfarlane's Castings, Architectural, Artistic, aud Sanitary, Conservatories; Winter Gardens; Arlsours; ravilious; Garden Screens; Garden Entrances; Bandstands; Verandahs; Covered Ways; Boathouses; Railings; Balconies; &c. Plain and Ornamental Castings of every descrip- tion for Parks, Gardens, Pleasure Grounds, Esplanades, &c. FOR HOME S EXPORT. Illustrated CATALOGUE with Price List and Estimates for special Designs on application, WALTER MACPARLANE & CO., GLASGOW. January 4, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 27 HENRY ORMSON, HORTICULTURAL BUILDER AND HOT-WATER APPARATUS ENGINEER, STANLEY BRIDGE, KING'S HOAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. THE BEST BUILT HOTHOUSES AND CONSEEVATOBIES. Surveys made and Gentlemen waited on in any part of tlie Country. Catalogues, Plans, and Estimates supplied gratis on application. UNSURPASSED BOILERS AND HEATING APPARATUS. T. H. P. DENNIS «& CO., MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.G., CONSERVATORY ANO GREENHOUSE BUILDERS, AND HOT-WATEB ENGINEERS. HORTICULTURAL WINDOW GLASS. A Inryc variety of sizes, 15-02., i:zs. 6(i. ; 2i-oz., iCi, 6d. per 100 feet. Large sizes, in Cases, for Culling up— 15-oz. 4ths, 30f . ; 3ds, 405. per 300 feet: — 21-oz. 4ths, 30^.; 3ds., 40s. per 200 feet.— ALFRED SVER. Glass. Lead. Zinc, Oil and Colour Merchant, 8, Pentonville Road. London. N. & PAUL, MANUFACTURERS OF NEW and IMPROVED POULTRY FENCES. B O U L T O N This fence is a much stronger description of fencing than the lattice panels with loose standards, and is more portable, beini; jnade in lengths 6 feet long with double pronged feet. A run or pen can be formed of any length or shape without extra cost ; it is easily fixed or removed ; the gate can be placed in any part of the fence. Prices:- 6 feet high, including all necessary Bolts and Nuts 55. per yard. Doorway complete. 2 feet wide, including Standards and Arched Stay 13J. Sd. each. Angle-iron Pillars for Corners, with Cast Orna- ments 3j. each. Carriage paid on orders of 40-?. value. Orders executed on receipt NEW POULTRY LIST, with Illustrations, on application. EOULTON AND PAUL, Norwich. BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, Patentees and Manufacturers of Wrought Iron CONTINUOUS BAR FENCING, Iron Hurdles, Strained Wire Fencing, Field and Entrance Gates, Tree Guards, &c. , VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON, and 3, Crook*'H T^ane. King William Street. London, E.C. Catalogues free on application. THE SOLE HIGHEST AWARD MAIN'S WALL FITTINGS and ESPALIERS AT THK PARIS EXHIBITION, KOK GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. THE SILVER MEDAL And the Report of the Jury that J. B. BROWN & CO.'s Netting was the Finest iu tlie Exhibition. Also the Sole Highest Awards at Vienna, 1873, Philadelphia Centennial, 1876, and wherever the AH/uiq- has been cxiiibited. Prices per Lineal Yard, 24 in. high : Size of Mesh. Mostly used for Or Light. 6jO 3 rt 18 18 18 Or Medi- um. rt 0 Or Strong. 2 in. 11 in. liin. Dogs or Poultry . Small Rabbits, &c. Smallest Rabbits. 19 19 19 5kd. 4:k/>liances for heating apparatus at lowest prices. DIPLOCK'S Improved HOT-WATER APPARA- TUS for CONSERVA- TORIES, GREEN. HOUSES, and FORCING- PITS. Cheap, Durable, Useful, and Efficient. Unrivalled for cltanllness and economy of fuel and labour. Price with Boiler and Pipes complete, from £3 3s. Od. Price Lists, Particulars, and Testimonials on application. T Materials of First Quality only. ERNINAL WATER-WAY END CHAMBERED SADDLE BOILER. This Boiler, when fixed on our improved principle, is the most economical and most powerful, and requires less attention than any Boiler manufactured. We have maae special arrange- ments that will enable us to supply these at lower prices than any other house in the trade. Sheet, showing Improved Method of Fixing, sent with every Boiler. IIOT-WALER PIPES and CONNECTIONS from London Stock. Before buying elsewhere apply for our Reduced PRICE LIST, free on application. CHARLES P. KINNELL and CO., 31. Bankside, Southwark, London, S.E, THE PARIS EXHIBITION of 1878. GLASS HOUSES of every description in Wood, Plain or Ornamental, including the celebrated Paxton Roofs. B. W. WAEHUEST, Successor to (and for 17 years with) HEREMAN AND MORTON, formerly at Tichbome Street and Gloucester Street, now removed to 43, HIGHGATE ROAD, LONDON, N.W. Price Lists free. A Pamplilct for 3 stamps. Estimates given for any size or style on receipt of measurements, &c. Hot-Water Apparatus fixed complete. architects' PLANS CARRIED OUT. B. W. WARHUBST, 43, HIGHGATE ROAD, LONDON, N.W. Pit Lights.-Pit Lights. r) I C H A R U , Steam Joinery Works, V Edinonii'fi, London, is prepiiTcd to supply any quantity iif Pit Lighis, 4 feet by 6 feet 2 inches, at 5^. each, free on Railway, ur delivered within four miles. BECKETT BROS., HoRTICULT[l«AL IJUILDFRS AND HoT-WATER EnGINBERS. Patentees & Manufacturers of the Self-adjusting Throttle Valve, now so much in use for Horticultural purposes. See Illustrated CATALOGUE, Tjuo Stamps. Designs and Estimates on application. WnR.cs : ANCHOR STREET. CHELMSFORD. GOLD MEDAL AWARDED JAIES BOYD & SONS, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS In Wood or Iron, and Manufacturers of Hot-water Apparatus FOR HEATING HOTHOUSES, Churches, Mansions, Public Buildings, Harness Rooms, Gr-'c, PAISLEY. HEATING APPARATUS Erected complete, or the Materials supplied at iModerate Prices. (LLUSTRATED CIRCULARS POST-FRFF. Complete Catalogue, 3s. OHN ]:()WA[AN, Timber and Mahogany Importer and Merchant, HOR TIC I'LTL 'KA L B I ILDER. WEST END STEAM JOINERY, NEWC.-\STLE-OX-TYXE. GREENHOUSES complete, from £10 to £1000. Portable Box with One Light, 6 feet by 4 feet, glazed \ 16 oz. sheet glass, and painted four coats . . . . \ ■*-"' PoRT.^Bt.E Box with Tv. o Lights, as above, each Light ) g 6 feet by 4 feet ) '" Estimates given for Conservatories and Green- houses of every kind. Well-seasoned Materials and First-class IVorkniansMp fl^iaran'eed. ELL I WELL'S PATENTED NEW SYSTEM of AIR a"d WATER-TIGHT IMPERISHABLE GLAZING. All Worvdwnrk is covered, and no outside P.iintinp is required. Old Roofs Reglazed. Any one can repair or lake in pieces. " It is suitable for Railway Stations. Mills, Weaving Sheds, ^^c. , but is specially applicable to Con !>erv.i lories. Plant Houses, and Orchard Houses, and we should be very much inclined to try ihe system. It is certainly worth looking to."— 7 he Builder. " And will, in our opinion, supersede any other similar system before the public."— ^«/A/y«^ iVcius. "It seems to meet the end in view more nearly than any- thing we have seen yet."— r/;c Field. "The patent has ^iven high satisfaction to every one using xt"— The Christian Union. "Convincingly prove the new Glazing System to be worthy the attention of readers of the Keystone."— The Keystone. For Estimates, Drawings, or Particulars, apply to the Patentee. T. W. HELLIWELL, Brighouse, Vorfeshire : or. ig, Parli-iment Street, London. W.C 1 January 4, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 29 THE distinctive features which have secured for the Handy-Volume Editions their pre-eminent place are HANDINESS, LIGHTNESS, and ARTISTIC FINISH. The Volumes are printed with great care, in a beautiful type, on a fine paper, and their harmonious completeness commends them to persons even of the most refined taste. Everyone should see them. THE HANDY-VOLUME (NOVELS.) Scott (POEMS.) /CONTAINING the whole of the VVaverley Novels, and a com- ^ plate collection of Sir Walter Scoti-'s Poems and Poetical Pieces, making 32 elegant little volumes of high external finish, enclosed in an artistic case, measuring only 9J inches in width, io| inches in height, and 3I inches in depth. The poetical volumes are adorned with frontispieces and illustrations representative of the best known Scottish scenery, or of places which the genius of the poet has made famous. In Fine Cloth, extra gilt, gilt edges, with Case, Price £2 17s. 6d. In Best French Morocco, gilt edges, with Case, Price £4 17s. 6d. THE HANDY-VOLUME Shakspeare 'T'HIS choice Miniature Edition of "Shakspeare" is in 13 Volumes, ■^ 32mo size, and contains the whole of the Plays, the Poems, and a Glossary. The volumes are printed on a slightly toned paper of fine quality, with a new, clear, and elegant type, on a page free from Notes — and the text has been arranged from a close comparison of the most trustworthy editions. Nothing could be prettier than this diamond edition. The paper is toned, the type is exquisitely beautiful, the text is Shakspeare, pur ct siviple. It is, besides all these, a very marvel of cheapness, as the result of a happy thought most charmingly realised. In Elegant Cases. Green Cloth, Price £1 Is. Od. French Morocco, Price £1 Ms. 6d. German Morocco, Price £2 12s. 6d. Vellum and Gold, ^, Price £2 12s. 6d. y" Turkey Morocco, Price £3 lOs. Od. Red Russia, Price £3 IDs. Od. THE HANDY-VOLUME Waverley. 25 Elegant little Volumes, each containing a complete Novel. Fine Cloth, in Case, Price £2 5s. French Morocco, in Case. Price £3 13s. 6d. CASE WHEN OPEN. CASE WHEN SHUT. THE HANDY-VOLUME ScoTT Poetry. In 7 Vols. PRICE Cloth,gilt edges, in a £^ s. if. case . . . o 12 6 Elegant French Morocco, gilt edges, in a case .150 Vellum and gold, gilt edges, in a case Best Morocco or calf, gilt edges, in a case . I 2 17 6 THE HANDY-VOLUME Holy Bible 'T'HE distinguishing merit possessed by the Handy-Volume Bible over every other edition which has been printed rests in this — that the reader can take up just that particular portion of Scripture which he desires to read, and make it his pocket companion. It would be a question very difficult to answer, how an important work such as the Holy Scriptures has not hitherto been provided in any other than the most rigid form of production. A heavy and bulky book to secure a legible type, or a type painfully small to secure a volume of convenient size, were, until now, the only alternatives for Bible readers. In the Handv-Volume Edition legibility and porta- bility are both attained. A print so clear as to be easily read in a fading light, and a volume so small that its weight can scarcely be felt, are attrac- tions which have never yet been combined in any edition of the Scriptures. Elegant Cases. Extra Cloth . . French Morocco Persian Morocco Smooth Calf . . Turkey Morocco or Calf, Circuit Edges .... PRICE : s. d. I o I 6 2 12 3 13 4 4 LONDON: BRADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., 8, 9, 10, BOUVERIE STREET, E.G. MR. PUNCH'S CARTOON PORTRAITURES. THE EARL OF BEACONSFIELD. MR. GLADSTONE. j Price 2s. bd. iA Wrapper ; and ( \s. in clotli, gilt edges. j Price IS. in Wrapper ; and ( 2s. 6d. in cloth, gilt edges. JOHN BRIGHT. \ Price is. in Wrapper; I 2s. 6d. in cloth, gilt edges. and V PUNCH OFFICE, Lss, fleet street. 30 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 4, 1879. GARDEN POTTEEY. MR. JOHN MATTHEWS Respectfully calls the attention of Gardeners and others to the following letters, bearing testi- mony to the superior quality of the Garden Pots manufactured by him. Orders receive prompt attention. Any quantity sent, from one dozen to one hundred thousand. Price Lists free. MENTMORE, LEIGHTON BUZZARD, September i8, 1878. "Dear Sir,— I am glad to say the Seven Crates of Pots you sent here came all safe to-day. You may be glad to know that none of them were broken— all as sound as when they left your Pottery. I may safely say this is the first time I have ever received goods in such condition. This is no doubt owing to your excellent method of packing. You should make this known, that you can send Pots any distance without a single one gettmg dam.iged.— I am. dear Sir, yours truly, " J SMITH, Cirdener to the Earl of Rosebery. " To Mr. JOHN MATTHEWS. Royal Pottery, " Weston-super-Mare." THE IMPROVEMENT OF LANDED ESTATES, By DRAINAGE, ENCLOSING, CLEARING, The ERECTION of FARM BUILDINGS and COTTAGES WATER SUPPLY, &c. THE GARDENS, STREATHAM HALL, EXETER, September 30, 1878. " Mv DEAR Sir. — Enclosed is your account, and Post-office Order for same. The pots are of first-rate quality, suitable for any purpose required. I may say they are the best pots I ever used -I am, yours truly, '■ HENRY BEDDARD. " To Mr. JOHN MATTHEWS. Royal Pottery, ''Weston-super-Mare." Roster's Garden Edging Tiles. mE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great _ durability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they harbour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and lu great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO, Manufacturers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfriars, 3.E. : King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ; Kingsland Road, E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES," PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors. Balconies, &c. , from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheets of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies. Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability, Wall Copings. Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c. T. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SILVER SAND, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by Post per Ton orTruckload. on Wl^rf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above, N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. Under tbe Patronage of the Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BLACK-FACED LETTERS. The Gardeners' Magazine says:—*' We must give thesethe palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH. The Royal Label Factory. Stzatford-on-Avon. ifWOOD EWfcBAVirfc; WoiirHirNrQToi^Q.^MiTH . 15. MiLDMAY QrOV^E . ^L Iv0^j'Do^f.^^., The Land Loan and Enfranchisement Co, (Incorporated by Special Act of Parliamentl ADVANCES MONEY: ist.— To the OWNERS of SETTLED and OTHER ESTATES, for the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages, and for the Drainage. Irrigation, Enclosing, Clearing and General Improvement of Landed Property in any part of the United Kingdom. _ 2d. — To the OWNERS of SETTLED ESTATES m ENGLAND, for the Erection or Completion of Mansions, Stables, and Outbuildings, and for the Construction or Erection of Reservoirs, and other Works of a permanent nature, to supply Water for the use of the Estate, or for any other purpose. 3d.— To LANDOWNERS generally, to enable them to subscribe for Shares in Companies for the Construction of Rail- ways and Navigable Canals, which will beneficially affect their Estates. , , . 4th.— To INCUMBENTS, for the Improvement of their Glebe Lands, by Drainage, and the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages. 5th.— To COPYHOLDERS, for the Enfranchisement of Copyhold Lands. ■The amount borrowed, with the expenses, would be charged on the Estate benefited, and repaid by a rent-charge, termi- nating in twenty-five years. No Investigation of the Landowner's Title is necessary. Forms of application, and all further particulars may be obtained of Messrs. RAWLENCE and SQUAREY, 22, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W., and Salisbury; of Messrs. ASHURST. MORRIS, CRISP and CO., 6, Old Jewry, London, E.G. : of Messrs. GILLESPIE and P.VfERSON, W.S., 81A, George Street, Edinburgh, Agents for the Company in Scotland ; and at the Offices of the Company, as below. T. PAIN, Managing Director. EDWIN GARROD, Secretary. Land Loan and Enfranchisement Company. 22, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W. Accidents Occur Daily— Accidents of all Kinds Provided against by a Policy oi the RAILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE COMPANY.- The Oldest and Largest Accidental Assurance Company. The Right Hon. Lord Kinnaikd, Chairman. Subscribed Capital, ;Cr.oco.ooo. Annual Income. ;^2i4.ooo. A fixed sum in case of Death by Accident, and a Weekly Allowance in the event of Injury, may be secured at moderate Premiums. Bonus allowed to Insurers of five years' standing. ;^i, 350. 000 have been paid as compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or 64, Cornhill, London. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. DO POULTRY PAY?— I get 1580 eggs from 22 hens from October to April (my winter months). So may you, courteous reader. For Why's and Wherefore's see my Pamphlet. Coming Events says : — " This pamphlet gives some extraordinary results of a careful management of poultry. Keepers of poultry may find very useful hints." '^'•"'' i^. in stamps to the Author, Mr. LOWER, 9, Leamington Place, Cheltenham. Send NEW IMPERIAL OCTAVO SERIES. Illustrated Catalogues. HM. -POLLETT'S COLLECTION • of over SEVEN HUNDRED BLOCKS suitable for the above purpose. Customers can have the U3e of any of them gratis. H. M. P. Publishes Small SEED CATALOGUES in two sizes, which can be altered to suit the requirements of smail consumers. Specimens and Prices on application. POLLETT'S Horticultural Steam Printing Works, la to is, Bridgewater Gardens, Barbican, E.G. THE FLORIST and POMOLOCIST, A Pictorial Monthly Magazine of FLOWEFtS, FEUITS, AND GENERAL HORTICULTURE. Belgian. BULLETIN d'ARBOR I CULTURE de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI- CH^RE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865 by F. BuRVENicH, F. Paynaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. Van HULLE, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Government at Ghent. Post paid, los. per annum. H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent. Belgium. Farms, Estates, Residences. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midland Counties Herald Office, Birmingham." The Midland Counties Herald always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. THE CULTIVATO R.— A Portuguese Monthly Agricultural Journal, which circulates in Portugal and her possessions, and in the Principal Towns of the Brazils. This paper offers an excellent medium for Advertisements of every description of industry and of every article of Consump- tion in the countries and places above mentioned. Advertising charges, Zd. per square inch, Translation included. Ten per cent. Discount for six months ; 20 per cent. Discount for twelve months, if paid in advance. Address, the Editor of the Cultivator, St. Michael's, Azores. REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural Review). — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard, E. Andre, C. Haltet, T. Buchetet, F. Burvenich. F. Cr E. WANT PLACES. X> S. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he -'-'• has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register 5?S^. .S"""'"' Men, competent either to fill the situation of PrFAR.rr-^'^'^^^'^^'*' BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections lor the different capacities will be made.— HoUoway, N. G. HENDERSON AND SON have many excellent GARDENERS with approved testimonials for ability now waiting in their Nurseries for re-engagement. E. G. H. & Son will be pleased to answer any enquiries from Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring such.— Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale. London, W. JOHN COWAN, Th^ Vineyard ^ tr Nurseries, Garston. near Liverpool, wishes to recommend a first-rate Scotch GARDENER, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may require such. ARDENER (Head). —Age 26, single; thoroughly practical. Three years' good character from last place.— A. B., 4, London Road, Crayford, Kent. (TJ-ARDENER (Head).— Age 35, no family ; V^ thoroughly practical in every branch. Goodcharacter. — 39, Rutland Street, Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester. (TJ-ARDENER (Head).— Age 29, married ; V^ A Gentleman wishes to recommend his late Heid Gardener ro any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughlypracticalman.— A. P., 2, Paget Street, Southampton. GARDENER (Head).— Age 46, married, no family : understands the Cultivation of choice Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables, and Hardy Fruits. Good character and testimonials.— T. SMITH, Horton, Epsom. r:j.ARDENER (Head).— Married, no family; V-^ has a^ thorough knowledge of the profession in all its branches. Can be well recommended by past and present employers. — C. A. K., James Dickson & Son, Newton Nurseries, Chester. ARDENER (Head).— Age 34 ; has a thorough practical knowledge of Gardening in all its branches. Five years in last situation, as Head Gardener to Lady Ward. First-class testimonials from last and previous situation.— \VM. THORNTON, Kineswinford, Dudley. ARDENER (Head).— Has a thorough practical knowledge of the cultivation of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines. Pines. Peaches. Cucumbers and Melons, also Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good character.— SAMUEL MOORHOUSE, Poles Park. Ware, Herts. ARDENER (Head).— Age 45, married ; practical, energetic man. Twenty-five years' experience in every department of Horticulture and Estate Work, success- ful Fruit Grower and Exhibitor. Excellent references.— A. B., Ogbourne Maizey, Marlborough. C^ARDENER (He.\d).— H. Hawkes, Head V>^ Gardener to H. T. Pelham, Esq., requires a re-engage- ment in a large establishment. Thoroughly understands the duties, including the Culture of Fruits. Flowers. Plants, and Vegetables, the Management of the Flower Garden and Plea- sure Grounds, Forcing Department, and high-class Kitchen Gardening. Death sole cause of leaving. Please state wages, &c.— H. HAWKES, Cound G-ardens, Shrewsbury. ARDENER (Head, Working).— Married, no family ; eighteen years' experience in srood gardens. Excellent testimonials and eood character. — GARDENER, The Priory. Sudbury, Harrow. C:j.ARDENER (Head, Working), age z^.~ ^ The Advertiser will give ^5 to any one who will get him a good situation as above. Twenty years' experience in all branches. Four years' good character.— W. F., i6, Bath Place, Sydney Street, King's Cross, London, N. /^ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 35, V^ married ; thoroughly competent in all branches of Gardening, good experience in Growing Early and Late Grapes. Forcing Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables, Management of Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Can obtain good character from present and previous employers.— W. T., Post-office, Leamington. O.ARDENER (Head), and BAILIFF.— V^ The Bishop of Winchester can recommend, as good Gardener, Bailiff, and General Manager, a middle-aged Man, who lived with him three and a half years. His Wife is a good Dairywoman. — Mr. BENNING, i. Manor Cottages, West Fields, Barnes, Surrey. r^ARDENER (He.ad, or Second), in a V-^ Nobleman's Garden.— Age 25 ; understands Stoves and Greenhouses, Vines, Cucumbers, &c. Good character.— H., 7, William Street, Gravesend, Kent. /^ARDENER, where two or more are kept. — VJ Age 26. married : two years Foreman in present situation, SIX years previous. Death of employer cause of leaving.— T. C, The Gsrdens, The Cedars, Lee, London, S.E C:J_ARDENER. — Age ■ie, married, three V^ children ; understands Fruit, Kitchen, and Flower Garden, Vines, Melons, and Cucumbers, and Greenhouses. Good reference.— J. J., G.arden House, Wembley Park, Sudbury near Harrow. ' GARDENER (Second).— Age 23, single ; thoroughly understands his duties. Good character No objection to bothy.— J. B., 9, Hanover Terrace, Sydenham, Kent. ' r:i ARDENER (Under).— Age 19 ; five years' V--< experience in good places— two and a half years under Glass. Good character.— F. Q. C, i, Leigh House Cottage, Bradford, Wilts. Tj^OREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's , Garden.— Age 25, single ; ten years' e.\perience in good places.— L. R., Swithhand Hall Gardens, Loughborough. TpOREMAN, in a good private establish- -L ment.— Age 2S : ten years' thorough experience. Good references.— J. G., 4. Martindale Road. Balham, Surrey. TpOREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's -L establishment.— Age 25 ; good references.— J. R. G., Felcourt Gardens, East Grinstead, Sussex. FOREMAN, in a Large Private Establish- ment.— Age 28 ; has had fifteen years' experience in good places, and can show first-class testimonials from every place.— G. WALL, Rudding Park, Knaresborough, Yorkshire. FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a good estab- lishment.— Age 25 ; twelve years' ex-perieuce in all branches of the profession. Good references as to character and ability from present and previous employers. — T. CARTER, Porters Park Gardens, Barnet, Herts. FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 25 : eleven years' experience, two years in present situation as Foreman. Good Floral Decorator and Bouquetist, &c. Can be highly recommended. — For full particulars as to character, &c., apply to Mr. R. LONSDALE, The Gardens, Ripley Castle, Leeds, Yorkshire. OREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— Age 32 ; well experienced in Roses, Rhododendrons, Clematis, Azaleas, Vines, also Soft-wooded Plants. Good references. — H., 4, Verandah Cottages, North Hill. Hlghgate, N. T^ O R E M A N (or Second in large -L establishment).— Age 25 ; good recommendation from present situation ; three and a half years' previous good cha- racter.—W. HARMAN, Denham, Uxbridge. A SSISTANT in the Vegetable, Flower, -l^\- Agricultural Seed and Bulb Trade. Eight years' experi- ence : highest references. — T. M. P., Hemel Hempstead. Herts. A SSISTANT, in a Seed Establishment, -i^i- town or country ; not much previous experience, there- for small salary only expected. Fair knowledge of Nursery business. Not affaid of work. Best references.— E. H. A., Messrs. Ewing & Co., Nurserymen, Norwich. To HorticiUtural Builders and Hot-water Engineers. l^RAUGHTSMAN, or DRAUGHTSMAN J-^' and MANAGER. A man of great experience and good taste, fully understands the requirements of Horticulturists (can make Landscape Plans if required), has been accustomed to represent Firms and take jiarticulars.- DRAUGHTSMAN, 7, Hurley Road, Lower Kennington Lane, Lambeth, S.E. QTEWARD, or STEWARD and CLERK kJ/ of WORKS, — The Advertiser has had much experience in Designing and Carrying-out of all descriptions of Estate and Garden Improvements, the Management of Land and Cattle. Timber and Bark, &c., is a good Draughtsman and Accountant, accustomed to the Management of Machinery, and skilled Mechanic^i and Labourers. Character unimpeachable.— H. H., care of Mr. Allen, Holly Lodge, Luton, Bedfordshire. SHOPMAN (Head, or Otherwise). — ^^ Age 18 ; twenty years' experience in the Retail Trade. First-class references.— H. H., Messrs. Minier, Nash & Nash, 60, Strand, London, W.C. SHOPMAN.— Aged 24 ; nine years' ex- perience in wholesale and retail houses. — A. B., Minier, Nash & Nash, 60, Strand, London. W.C. 'T'O LANDSCAPE GARDENERS. — A -L young Man wishes to meet with a Situation where he could perfect himself in Landscape Drawing. Has served his apprenticeship in a Nurseryman's and Seedsman's business.— ALPHA, 238, Beresford Street. Camberwell, London, S.E. ELAZENBY AND SON'S PICKLES, • SAUCES, and CONDIMENTS.— E. LAZENBY AND SON, sole proprietors of the celebrated recipes, and manufacturers of the pickles, sauces, and condiments so long and favourably distinguished by the name, beg to remind the public that every article prepared by them is guaranteed as entirely unadulterated.— 92, Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square (late 6. Edward Street, Portman Square), and 18, Trinity Street, London, S.E. TTARVEY'S SAUCE.— CAUTION.— The J-X admirers of this celebrated sauce are particularly requested to observe that each bottle prepared by E. LAZENBY AND SON bears the label, used so many years, signed "* Elizabeth Lazefiby." E P P S ' S GRATEFUL {James Epps &-' Co., Homa-opaihic Chemists.) COMFORTING C 0 C O A . More Cures of Throat and Chest Disorders by P)R. LOCOCIvS PULiMDNIC WAFERS. -Ly —pyom Mr. MiDGLE\', loo, WcUistoton Road, Toxteth Park, Liverf'ool, Dec. 12, 1878 :—'* As a preventive to Throat and Chest Affections, and all Branchial Disorders, they are invaluable ; they give instant relief." Sold by all Druggists, is. i%d. and 2,s-. gd. per Box. DI NNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. The Medical Profession for over Forty Years have approved of this pure solution as the Best Remedy for ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH, HEARTBURN HEADACHE, GOUT, AND INDIGESTION, and as the safest Aperient for Delicate Constitutions, Ladies, Children, and Infants. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. OLLOWAY'S PILLS. — This purifying and regulating medicine should occasionally be had recourse to during foggy, cold and wet weather. It is the best preventive of hoarseness, sore throat, pleurisy, asthma, and a sure remedy for congestion, bronchitis, and inflammation. Attention to the directions folded round each box will enable invalids to take the Pills in the most advantageous manner; they will there be taught the proper dose*;, and the circumstances imder which these must be increased or diminished. Holloway's Pills act as alteratives, aperients, and tonics. When taken as a last resource, the result has always been gratifying ; even when they fail to cure they always assuage the severity of the .symptoms and diminish the danger. 32 THE GARDFXFRS' CHRONICLE. Qanuarv 4, 1879. THOMAS'S FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS. GALVANISED STRAINING BOLT, No. 635. For Tightening the Wiues. One required for each line of Wires. Price 4J. per dozen, with Holdfasts complete. IMPROVEB GALVANISED EYES, No. 631. Spaced about 10 feet apart for guiding the Wires on the Wall. 3K id- 4'A gd. inches long, per dozen. NEW AND IMPROVED SYSTEM. ZZZ 1 M P k O V K U GALVANISED TERMINAL HOLBFAST No. 632. i 5 inches long. Price 2i. per dozen. These Eyes and Holdfasts are very much superior to those generally in use ; being made with a shoulder, they do not break when being driven into the hardest wall Strongly recommended. GALVANISED WIRE, best quality, specially prepared, IS. 6d., IS. gd., ^s. per loo yards. Tlie following prices give the total cost of each line of wire, including holdfasts, straining bolt, intermediate guiding eyes, lo feet apart, and best quality galvanised wire : — Length of Wall 20 yards. 40 yards. 60 yards. 80 yards. 100 yards. I Length of Walt 20 yards. 40 yards. 60 yards. 80 yards. 100 yards. No. 14 Guage Wire is. od. is. yd. 2S. id. ^s. id. y. id. I No. 13 Guagc Wire i.f. 2;/. is. lod. 2s. ^d. 3s. od. 3.?. yd. HIGHEST AWAED, GOLD lEDAL, PAEIS EXHIBITIOI, 1878. GALVANISED WIRE NETTING, Py Improved MacJiinoy. Superior (2uality. REDUCED PRICES. Prices per Lineal Yard, 24 inches wide :- Mesh. 2 inches 1^8 inch i^ inch ij^ inch I inch y^ inch Usual 2 inch M Light. d. Medium. s. d. o 3'A 7'A 9 Strong. d. 4'/, 6 . Strong d. i'A 6 .... o 6 .... o 7'A .... 010 .. 10 .. 13 .. 16 widths kept in stocW, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 4S inches, sh kept in stock 72 inches wide. This will be found very convenient for erecting Poultry Yards. Aii Widths Charged at Proportionate Prices. SOFT GALVANISED TYING WIRE, td. per lb. CUTTING NIPPERS, i^. 3-/. per pair, very useful for Cutt ing Wire Nettin};, &c NEW POULTRY FENG Very Strong; and Durable. REDUCED, PRICES, 1879. No. 508 NG. Galvanised after manufactured, with Iron Standards painted hWck., and spaced -2 /I'c't aj>arty rendering it the strongest and best fence in the market. This ornamental Fencing is easily fixed or removed by any labourer, without extra cost. Price— 6 feet high, 5s. 9d. per yard. „ 7 feet high, 6s. 9d. per yard. Including the Iron Standards, and the Bolts and Nuts for securing the Panels to the Standards. Doors are charged 3?. extra, except when 12 yards are ordered, in which case a door is included. 5 per Cent, discount for prompt cash allowed on all Orders amounting to 20s. and upwards. J. J. THOMAS & CO., Paddington Iron and Wireworks, 285 and 362, Edgware Road. London, W. Illustrated and Descriptive CA TALOGUES of the above, and a/so Aviaries, Bird Cashes, Garden Arches, Flower Stands, Fencing, Cattle Hurdles, Garden Engines, Water Barrows, Garden Hose, and all kinds of Horticultural Appliances, on application. ) IMPROVED PEA AND SEED GUARDS. Reduced Prices. Superior Quality. Galvanised after made. NEW PATTERN with DIAGONAL STAYS No. 76, 3 ft. long, 6 in. wide, 6 in. high. Keduced Price, Vs. 6d. per dozen. Two end pieces included with each dozen. This pattern being smaller in the mesh than the ordinary diamond pattern is proof against the smallest birds. Having a large Stock, Orders can be executed on receipt. Special Q,uotations for large Quantities. GARDEN SEEDS-GARDEN SEEDS. ^iw*^:>. OSBORN & SONS' ANNUAL DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE Of the above is now ready for distribution. It contains a Choice Selection of KITCHEN GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS of every description, including the folh^cing : — GILBERT'S BURGHLEY CHAMPION BROCCOLI. A most useful late variety, selected by Mr. R. Gilbert of Burghley from Cattell's Eclipse. It is whiter and firmer in texture, later in season, and the most perfect self-protecting Broccoli extant. It is undoubtedly a novelty of sterlins merit Sown the last week in April it comes into use the following year during the months of May and June. Sola only lu sealed packets, marked "R. 0.," price 2s. 6d each. OSBORN'S WINTER WHITE BROCCOLI. One of the best mid-winter varieties in cultivation. It produces pure white heads of delicious flavour, and by successive sowings, commencing in March, may be had in use from November to ^^' Price 2s. per ounce. OSBORN'S EARLY FORCING FRENCH BEAN. Generally admitted to be the finest Dwarf liean ever introduced either for forcing or for the open ground. It is very dwarf, very early, and wonderfully prolific. Price 2s. per quart. POTATOS. All tlie best sorts, both new and old, at very reasonable prices. OSBORN'S SELECT RED BEET (Dell's Crimson). The true and original stock as raised many years ago by Mr. Bogue, and selected by us with the greatest care ever since. It is one of the finest for culinary purposes, and a great acquisition for the flower garden on account of the rich colour of its foliage. Price Is. 6d. per ounce. SCOTT'S SUPERB WHITE COS LETTUCE. Those who have not tried this should do so at once. It is certainly one of the best, if not the best, of the white Cos varieties. It grows to an immense size, and is very solid and crisp. Price Is. per packet. OSBORN'S SELECT MUSHROOM SPAWN, \\'hich never fails to give satisfaction. (See testimonials in catalogue.) Price 5s. per bushel. MATS— best Archangel, For covering and other purposes, 24s. per dozen. GARDEN TOOLS, KNIVES, &c., of the best quality. N.B. — All Orders for Seeds will be forwarded. Carriage Paid, to any Railway Station in England, if amounting to zos. or upwards; atui to any Railway Station in Scotland, or Seaport in Irelaml, if amounting to 40^. or upwards. Five per Cent, discount allowed on payments made within One Month of date of Invoice. CATALOGtTES FORWARDED, POST-FREE, ON APPLICATION. THE FULHAM N U R S E R I Fs^L O N D O N , S.W. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradborv, Agnkw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, WelUngton Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturdav, January 4, 1879. Agent for Manchester— John Heywooo. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mbnzibs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE d^staUishb 1841. A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS. • No. 263.-V0L. XI. Isl^Z.] SATURDAY, JANUARY 11, 1879- 1 Registered at the General | Post Office as a Newspaper. ) Price 5d. Post Free, sW- CONTENTS. Air temperature .. .. 5» African plants, distribu- tion of .. .. ..41 Agave, lateral inflores- cence of . . .. .. 5*3 Bamboos, cultivation of . . 50 Birds, the poor .. • • 53 Books, notices of . . . . 56 Boussin^ault, J. B. (with portrait) .. .. ..44 Carnations and Picotees . . 53 Epping Forest . . - - 53 Florists' flowers, philo- sophy of . . .. .. 54 Flowers, fertilisation of . . 48 Foreign correspondence .. 55 Frost, the. and its efl"ects 41 Fruits and vegetables, new, of 1878 .. .. 51 Garden operations . . 46 Gooseberries. &c., destruc- tion of the buds of . - 55 Grape Gros Colmar . . 54 Heavy soils, treatment of 50 Hyacinths, the diseases of 43 Insecticide Soluble Phenyle 55 Mealy-bug on Vines . . 54 Mexican Convolvulacese . 48 Monnina xalapensis . . 50 Mortola, notes from . . 55 Obituary 57 Old Masters, exhibition of works by .. ••43 Orchid, the smallest in the world 55 Orchids in bloom .. Paulownia imperialis Peaches in Michigan Pelargonium Lady Scar- borough .. .. •• 55 Pernettya mucronta, new forms of . . . . - . 49 Plants, new garden ,, new. of 1878 Potato Champion Rock . . ,, the Schoolmaster .. Primula sinensis . . Protection in winter Quinine, influence of, on silkworms Rainfall in Jersey Reading. the Sarsen Stones at .. Rhododendrons as game coverts Rhubarb, Stotc's Monarch Roads and the frost Rogiera gratissima Rose the Bon Silene Sarracenia Drummondii . Stoke Rochford. flower gardening at (with cuts) Vine roots, distance they extend . . . . ..54 Vines, bottom-heat for . . 53 Walwich Bay .. ..50 Water for garden fountains 50 Weather, the . . . . 56 Wiring gaiden walls (cut) 52 Young gardeners' lodges . 54 50 54 50 39 55 54 54 55 50 44 53 55 55 40 50 55 55 44 ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, South Kensington, S.W. NOTICE,— SCIENTIFIC, FRUIT, and FLORAL COM- MITTEES' MEETINGS on TUESDAY NEXT, Jan. 14. at II o'clock. GENERAL MEETING, for ELECTION of FELLOWS, at 3 o'Clock. Admission i^. *♦• SCHEDULES of PRIZES, &c., and full Arrangements now ready. To be had on application to the SECRETARY, Royal Horticultural Society, South Kensington, S.W. CRYSTAL PALACE. FLOWER SHOWS in 1879. SATURDAY. May 24, GREAT FLOWER SHOW of the Season ; SATURDAY. June 28. GREAT ROSE SHOW. Schedules on application to Mr, THOMSON. Crystal Palace. To the Trade. CARTER, DUNNETT AND BEALE'S General CATALOGUE of Garden, Flower and Agricul- tural Seeds has been posted as usual to alt their customers ; should any fail to be delivered a duplicate copy will be sent on application. High Holbom. London, W.C. GOLD MEDAL BEGONIAS.— Seed saved from our unriyalled collection of named varieties, in sealed packets, is. 6d. and 2s. 6d, post-free. Special offers to the Trade. JOHN LAING AND CO., Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E. Planting Season. JAMES DICKSON and SONS beg to draw attention to their very superior and very extensive Stock of hardily-grown and well-rooted TREES and PLANTS of every description. Priced CATALOGUES post-free. "Newton" Nurseries, Chester. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Roses, &o. THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, respectfully request the attention of intending planters to their most extensive and superior stock of the above. CATALOGUES on application. ROSES, Moss, for Sale : about 20,000. — Apply to H. THORNTON, i. Maxwell Road. Fulham, S.W. R U I T I N G PLANTS of PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS, and GRAPE VINES, a large and fine stock, now offered for Sale. THOMAS RIVERS and SON, Sawbridgeworth. Herts. HE DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of FRUIT TREES is now ready, and will be forwarded, free by post, on receipt of three penny stamps. CATALOGUES of ROSES and ORCHARD-HOUSE TREES post-free on application. THOMAS RIVERS and SON, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. To the Trade. SEED POTATOS.— Our SPECIAL LIST, containing all the best English and American varieties grown by us the past season, may now be had, post-free, on application. H. AND F. SHARPE, Seed Growers, Wisbech. QEED POTATOS.— We have a large stock y~J of the principal varieties, free from disease— mostly grown upon moss land. Priced LIST.S and every detail on application. LITTLE AND BALLANTYNE, Seed Growers, Carlisle. ATEW CUCUMBER.— Stanstead Rival is 4-~ a genume novelty, and will take its place as the best Cucumber grown. Sealed packets 2i. id. each. The Trade supplied. JOHN LAING AND CO., Seedsmen, Forest Hill, S.E. For Every Garden. THE NEW FRENCH MANURE, LE FLORAL, surpasses all others. FOR VEGETABLES LE FLORAL increases the quantity. FOR FLOWERS LE FLORAL increases size and brightens colour. FOR TREES, &c. LE FLORAL increases verdure and luxuriance. For testimonials, prices, and full particulars apply to The Sule Agents for England, SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. Beautiful LUy. L ILIUM NEILGHERRENSE gives flowers nearly a foot long, deliciously fragrant. Fine bulbs that will flower, 105. td. each, free by post. Being an annual importer of many thousands of Lilies direct from their native habitats, Mr. William Bull can supply the best sorts in lar^^e or small quantities. Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road, CheUea. London, S W. Fit for Immediate Working, ROSA MANETTI and R. MULTIFLORA UE LA GRIFFERAIE, 251. per 1000, ;£io per 10,000. A. M. C. JONGKINDT CON I NCK, Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, near Zwolle, Netherlands. To the Trade. NUTTING AND SONS having now posted their Annual Wholesale Garden, Agricultural and Flower Seed CATALOGUE to all their friends, if not to hand, on application another shall be immediately forwarded. NUTTING AND SONS, Seed Merchants, 60, Barbican, London. E C. L IBERIAN COFFEE SEED.--A large consignment of this season's fresh seed, in the berry, just arrived in splendid condition. Can be viewed and purchased in original Liberian packages. THOMAS CHRISTY and CO.. 155, Fenchurch Street. E.G. Special Offer to the Trade. WOOD AND INGRAM have just compiled a Special LIST of NURSERY STOCK, including a fine lot of extra transplanted BRITISH OAK, which they can offer in quantities, at a reduced rate Free on application. The Nurseries, Huntingdon. Healthy Plants In Pots of L ILIUM AURATUM, the Golden-Rayed Japanese Lily, per dozen. 185 , 24S-, and 30J. BARR AND hUGDEN, 12. King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. Trade Price Current-Seeds-1879. THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (LIMITED), have issued their ANNUAL CATALOGUE of SEEDS and if any of their Customers have been inadvertently overlooked, copies will be sent on application. I, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh ; 106, Southwark Street, London, S. E. SELECTED STOCKS of GARDEN, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS.— New Seed LIST for 1879 will be ready in a few days, and will be sent post-free to any one on application. LITTLE AND BALLANTYNE, The Queen's Seedsmen, Carlisle. AMPTON COURT BLACK HAM- BURGH VINE.— Strong fruiting well ripened Canes of this well known Grape, 5^., js. 6d.^ and los. td. each ; Planting Canes, js. 6d. each. Also a good stock of most of the best kinds. T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston, Surrey. ujngg ^Vinss VillSS J CO WAN, The Vineyard, ' Garston, near • Liverpool, is now offering a large and splendid stock ol strong, shon-jointed, and thoroughly ripened GRAPE VINES, suitable for fruiting in pots and planting Vineries. Catalogues free. The Trade supplied. LACK HAMBURGH VINES, and other leading sorts, in Fruiting and Planting Canes. Prices, &c., on application to F. R. KINGHORN, Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey. RAPES THIS YEAR.— Splendid well- ripened short-jointed Canes for immediate fruiting. Apply to JAMES DICKSON and SONS, Newton Nurseries, Chester. To the Trade riHOICE GARDEN and FARM SEEDS, V_/ of reliable quality, for Market Gardeners and Seedsmen. Our Priced LIST is now ready, and will be sent post-free. Apply to HARRISON and SONS, Seed Growers, Leicester. To the Trade, &c. ASPARAGUS, GIANT. — Splendid Roots for Planting and Forcing in immense quantity. EWING and CO., Norwich. Five /BARTER'S, the PREMIER SEED Gold Kj HOUSE at the PARIS EXHIBITION. Medals, illustrated Cat.alogues gratis and post-free. Awarded Paris, Five GOLD MEDALS, including the only Gold 1878. Medal for Grass Seeds. Caution.— No other English Seed House was awarded live Medals at the Paris Exhibition. CARTER'S, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holbom, London, W.C. UICKS— QUICKS— QUICKS Strong Whitethorn Quicks, is to 24 inches. JOHN PERKINS and SON, 52, Market Square, North- ampton. LARCH.— 30,000, well transplanted, for Sale, 2!^ to 3 feet. H. PARSONS, 4, Eldon Place, Exeter. SPRUCE FIRS for Christmas Trees, well formed. 2 to 3 feet high. 301 per 100. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen, Worcester. English Yews— English Yews ENGLISH YEWS, 3^ to 4 feet, \2s. per doz., ics. per 100 ; 4 to 4j^ feet, i8j. per doz., loM. per 100. All recently transplanted. Every plant a perfect specimen. JOHN PERKINS and SON, 52, Market Square, Northampton. OR EST TREES, Seedhng and Trans- pbnted.— The very extensive stock of the above is this season in splendid condition. CATALOGUES on application. The Lawson Seed and Nursery Company (Limited) Edinburgh. s w s PANISH CHESTNUT, ASH, BIRCH, ALDER and HAZEL— stout, well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold. Mr. GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst. TO THE TRADE. MUSSEL STOCKS, 45J. per 1000. CRAB STOCKS, 35J. per 1000. Samples of the above may be had on application to JOHN STANDISH and CO., Royal Nurseries, Ascot. ORTH AMERICAN PLANTS.— Orchids, Lilies, Ferns, &c. Price LIST sent on application. EDWARD GII.LETT, Southwick, Mass., U.S.A., Collector of Native Plants, &c A Bargain. CAMELLIAS.— A lot of large specimens, named, fine plants, and pyramids, healthy, well furnished, and mostly full of bud Apply, M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, W.C. c 1UT BLOOM of Double White PRIMULA EAKALE, ASPARAGUS and RHUBARB Roots, for forcing, exceptionally fine. For special quotations apply to H. THORNTON, i. Maxwell Road, Fulham, S.W. ANTED, LYNN'S BLACK-EYED MARROW PEAS. DICKSONS AND CO., I, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh. ~ for sale. -Apply with offers to GEO. P. DARBY Hertfordshire Seed and Plant Establishment, Watford. EWING AND CO. forward gratis and post- free to applicants, CATALOGUES of their extensive and well-grown stock of Standard and Dwarf Roses, Pot Roses, Clematises, Vines, Fruit Trees, Ornamental Trees, and Coniferae. The Royal Norfolk Nurseries, Newmarket Road, Eaton, near Norwich. Economy In Gardening. TO PURCHASERS OF LARGE QUAN'TITIES. Asylums, Unions, Hotels, and Public Institutions. SUTTON AND SONS are prepared to place purchasers of large quantities on favourable terms. Apply, stating quantities required, to SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. Reading. To the Trade.- Erica gracilis, in good colour. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON have a very fine lot of the above, in 40-size pots, suitable for Christmas Decorations, 75^. per 100. Highgate. London. N-, and B.arnet, Herts. To the Trade.— American Tuberoses. HURST AND SON have now received their consignments of the above— both the ordinary Double variety and the Improved Double Pearl, and will be happy to send lowest price on application: alsoGLADIOLUS BRENCH- LEYENSIS. The samples are good, and in fine condition. 6. Leadenhall Street, London, E.G. O THE TRADE.— VEGETABLE, FLOWER and AGRICULTURAL SEEDS, of sterling quality only. Our own, and other carefully selected Novelties of the season.— SANDER and CO. , Seed Growers, St. Albans. 10,000 Good Three-Year-Old "Crown Bob" GOOSEBERRY TREES for Sale ; also 15 cwt. of Robinson's Champion Drumhead CABBAGE SEED (selected). Apply, „. , , , o ,j- W. COLVIN, Money Bridge Gardens. Pinchbeck, Spalding. EBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERTS AND OTHER NUTS. Persons desirous of obtaining Trees of the above, grown by the late R. Webb, of Calcot, should give early orders to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. CATALOGUES post-free on application. EBB'S CHOICE POLYANTHUS AND OTHER SPRING PLANTS. Early orders are solicited lor the above chiice plants Apply to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. 34 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Qanuary II, 1879. SALES BY AUCTION. Auction Hart, Opposite tlie Bank of England, E.C. EXTENSIVE CONSIGNMENT from Japan of 5000 very fine bulbs of LILIUM AURATUiM, 4000 L. Krameri, L. speciosum album and rubrum, L. tigrinum fl.-pl., L. Thun- bergianum staminosum ; 800 L. Talsta Zurl, a collection of rare English-grown Lilies, including splendid Bulbs of par- dalinum, Humboldtii, giganteum, candidum pleno, elegans, Batemann.x, and alataceum, Brownii, and others ; fine im- ported plants ot Cypripedium spectabile, acaiile, arietinum, and patviflorum ; Orchis spectabilis and foliosa, and other hardy Orchids; Helleborus, 2000 Gloxinias and Begonias, 300 Tigridia grandifiora, 2000 Double Italian Tuberoses, 400 Standard, Half Standard and Dwarf Roses, a few lots of Hyacinths and other miscellaneous bulbs. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at the Mart, on MONDAY, January 20, at half-past ir o'CIock precisely. P. & M. will buy for those who cannot attend. Catalogues of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. Tooting, S.W. In Liquidation. — Tvt' Wm Rollisson & Sons. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg to announce that this great unreserved SALE of ORCHIDS. STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. PALMS, FERNS, NEW HOLLAND PLANTS. &c., lull particulars of which appeared in the Gardeners' Chroniele of last week, will take pl.tce on MONDAY NEXT and four following days, at 12 o'clock precisely each day. ORDER of SALE. MONDAY. TUESDAY, and WEDNESDAY.— ORCHIDS and TREE FERNS. THURSDAY.— Choice STOVE PLANTS. PALMS, FERNS, in rich assortments ; alsi POT VINES. FRIDAY. — GREENHOUSE and NEW HOLLAND PLANTS. CAPE HEATHS, and thousands of young ERICAS for potting on ; POT VINES, VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS. Catalogues may be obtained on the Premises : of G. WHIFFIN, Esq., Accountant, 8. Old Jewry, E.C. ; of Messrs. LEWIS. MUNNS. AND LONGDEN, Solicitors. 8. Old Jewry, E.C. ; and of the Auctioneers, 98. Gracechurch Street, EC. Rare Lilies. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY. January 15. at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, first-class English-grown LILIES, consisting of Brownii, giganteum, Krameri, Humboldtii, Bate- mann^, and^ many other beautiful kinds ; also Hardy ORCHIDS, Cypripediums. &c., including the rare British species, C. calceolus ; a number of first-class Hardy PEREN- NIALS, including Seoecio pulcher, Stobcca purpurea, Spiraea palmata, S. palmata elegans. Helleborus niger maximus. Iris Kaempferi. Dodecatheon, and hundreds of the beautiful double- flowered Geum, recently figured in the Gatdeii ; BEGONIAS of sorts, and about 2000 of the beautiful Neapolitan Allium, together with a fine collection of Scillas, Brodiasas, Tigridias. Babiana, Ixia, Sparaxis, Anomatheca, Gladiolus. Hesperos- cordum, Leucojums, Antholizas, Oxalis, Galanthus, and many others : 1000 Lilium Krameri. 5000 fine bulbs of Lilium auratum. from Japan ; 3000 Tigridia grandiflora. from New Jersey ; Tuberous Begonias. Spirajas. Gladioli, and Lily of the Valley, Anemones, Ranunculi and American Tuberoaes, and a consignment of Dwarf Roses from France On view the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had Newly Imported New Granadan Orcliids, in Splendid CON D I T I O N. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, to oflTer for SELL by AUCTION, without reserve, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURS- DAY, January 16. at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, a splendid lot of Cool ORCHIDS recently arrived, per s.s. i1/oj<-&, and comprising fine masses of Odontoglossum Pescatorei, in ex- cellent health, some of them probably the largest plants ever offered ; Odontoglossum triumphans, O. Phalaenopsis, Ada aurantiaca. Odontoglossum Roezlii, Oncidium Weltoni, and other well-known and popular kinds. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Important Notice. ROLLISSON'S NURSERIES. TOOTING SW lYTESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS -I.T-1- beg to announce that this important Freehold Estate, not having been Sold at the Auction on Thursday last can now be TREATED for PRIVATELY, and that the Mortgagees are also willing to LET the PROPERTY on LEASE, with possession at Lady Day next. Any one entering into an agreement either to Rent or Purchase the Property prior to the Sale of the Plants to com- mence on MONDAY NEXT, would be in the advantageous position of being able to secure, at Auction Prices, whatever stock might be required to carry on the business. Rent and full particulars may be obtained of Messrs. GATLI FF AND HO WSE, Solicitors. 8, Finsbury Circus, London, E.C- and of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 98, Gracechurch Street. London, E.C. To Florists, Horticulturists, and Market Gardeners. 'yO BE LET, by Tender, for a term of -L four and three-quarter ye.ars. a LARGE GARDEN well planted with choice Fruit Trees (chieHv supplied by Mr. Thomas Warner, of The Abbey, Leicester), also containing large Vineries. 118 feet long by 16 feet 6 inches wide, divided into five compartments, well stocked with choice Vines in full bear- ing ; also a Cucumber-house and other conveniences Good supply of water ; also thi; use of seven Rooms in Priv.ite Dwell- ing-house (the olher part of this house is occupied, but is thoroughly separated and kept private from the part to be let ) The whole Premises occupy an area of one and three-quarter Acres, and have been specially designed for the business of a Fruiterer, Florist, and Market G.-u-deiier. Arrangements for keeping a Horse and Cart upon the Pre- mises can easily be made. The above is well situated, within three minutes' walk of a Railway Station and s',i miles from Leicester. T.,^F^}^fi?'' '° r^^'^ '° ^'= ""'''= '° Messrs. C. C. ELLIS, MUNDAY andCO.. 19, St. Swithin's Lane, London EC ■ or to Mr CHARLES COX, ,3. Market Street, Leicester from whom all mformation can be obtained. Tenders to be sent to the said Charles Cox not later than January 25, who will not be boimd to accept the highest or any To Florists and Nurserymen. TO BE LET, with immediate possession, the GARDEN, forming the centre of Princes Square. Kennington Cross, S. E., with the Glasshouse thereon, fitted with Hot-water Piping : also a small DWELLING HOUSE adjoining, with extra Land (if required). Apply, Messrs. WARING and NICHOLSON, Surveyors, 53, Parliament Street. Westminster, S.W. Old Leake, near Boston, Lincolnsliire. TO BE LET, with immediate possession, about 2 acres of NURSERY GROUND, well stocked with young thrivin;T stock, and also 3 acres of ORCHARD, planted 12 years with best market sorts. The Nursery Stock consists of Roses of all the best sorts. 2000 common Colchic, coaliflora, microphylla, and other Laurels ; 1000 Fruit Trees of the best kinds, 1000 Ligustrum coaliflora ; fine specimen Shrubs in sorts, and a stock of young Everyreen and Ornamental Trees. There is a Dwelling-house and Premises adjoining on the land. The Stock to be taken at a valuation. Rent £10 per annum. For further particulars apply to Mr. GEORGE JAY, 8, Bank Street, Lincolu. Borough of Burslem. TO NURSERYMEN, GARDENERS. &c. THE CORPORATIO N INVITE TENDERS for a supply of TREES and SHRUBS for PLANTING in the CEMETERY; also TENDERS for DOING the PLANTING. Specification, List of Trees and Shrubs, and particulars, with Forms of Tender, on application tr> the Borough Surveyor. Tenders, sealed and endorsed "Trees and Shrubs," or " Planting" (as m^y be), are to be sent to me not later than the 21st instant. The lowest or any Tender not necessarily accepted. The Corporation also invite applications for the APPOINT- MENT of FOREMAN GARDENER, to Superintend the Planting and Laying-out. Applications, in the handwriting of the applicant, slating age and salary required, and enclosing three recent testimonials or giving three references, to be sent to me not later than the 21st instant. J. W. POWELL, Town Clerk. Town Hall, Eurslem, January 3, 1879. ROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horti- CULTURAL, Market Garden and Estats Auctioneers and Valuers. 98, Gracechurch Street, City, E.G., and at Leyton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. To Nurserymen, Seed Growers, and Others. THE TAUNTON NURSERIES.— The above Property has been recently bought for Building Sites, and a considerable portion will at once be laid out for that purpose, hut it is the intention o( the Purchasers to relaia as a NURSERY from Ti^"^ 4 acres of Ground, together with valuable Walled Gardens, containing numerous Houses built and arranged in the best manner for Horticultural purposes. These Nurseries, from 13 to 14 acres in extent, have been in existence for a long period of years, and have at all times com- manded a large trade. The situation of this property, near to the Railway Station, the increasing trade and prosperity of the town of Taunton, with its numerous branch lines of rail, make this a favourable opportunity of obtaining a desirable increasing business. To treat/or the .same apply to R. and S. G. SAUNDERS, Jun., Bath Place, Taunton. Potato Culture.— Secrets of Success. MR. PORTER, Old Meldrum, having resolved to give up growmg Potatos for competition, will publish immediately CULTURAL DIRECTIONS, con- taining an account of his experience and practice in Potato Growing for Exhibition, and especially how to secure brightness and polish of tubers by Cultivation and Manuring. iS:c. — in short, how to produce perfect and polished Potatos in all soils and seasons. Invaluable to exhibitors. Subscription Copies only will be issued. Apply to Mr. PORTER. Old Meldrum, Aberdeen. The Best Green-flesh Melon of the Season. SUTTON'S EARL of BEACONSFIELD, oval shape, flesh pale in colour, singularly sweet and juicy, and possesses a delicate aroma ; rind thin, but beautifully netted. From Mr. W. Wildsmith, Gr. to the Right. Hon. Viscount Eversley. — " I have this season grown Lord Beaconsfield Melon, which for free bearing, flavour, and appearance, I consider unequalled." Price 2S. 6d. per packet, post-free. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON and sons. The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. RIZETAKER PEAS, 55^. per quarter, for cash. Sample on application. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery. Northampton. PL A N~T S — SPECIAL. hardy NORTH AMERICAN ORCHIDS. DI3A GKANDIFLORA, &c. See CATALOGUE post-free on application. The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester. H R I S T M A S Q U I N C E Y, Potato Grower, &c., Peterborough, will have pleasure in forwarding his WHOLESALE LIST, free, on receipt of Trade Card. It contains over Forty of the best English and American varieties, carefully selected, true to name, and the greater part Seed size— the whole of which he can confidently recommend. Prices low. — Peterborough. Jan. 8. 1879. Superbly Illustrated Chromolithograpliic GARDENING GUIDE and SEED CATALOGUE for 1879. The most beautiful ChromolithoKraphic Gardening Guide yet published. Post-free 12 stamps. To be deducted by purchaser when ordering. C. R. FREEMAN and FREEMAN, Economic Seedsmen, Norwich. To tlie Trade. NEW POTATO, ■• PRIDE of ONTARIO." XT and F. SHARPE are now sending out -*--'-• the above most prolific and handsome shaped new Potato. Full description and price may be h.ad on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. A SPARAGUS roots.— a superb lot of -ti- extra strong Connover's Colossal, for forcing ; also a large quantity of r, 2 and 3-yr. RHUBARB.— Linnajus, Victoria, Scarlet Defiance, Prince Albert, extra fine stooU. CHARLES R. FREEMAN and FREEMAN, Seed Growers, Norwich. Special Novelty. SUTTON'S DOUBLE HYBRID BEGON lA, producing double flowers of the finest colours. 55. per packet, post-free. Sennfor SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. To the Trade. OSBORN AND SONS can still supply a quantity of Dwarf Maiden PEACHES, NECTARINES and APRICOTS, and a few Standards. Also the following FRUIT TREE STOCKS :-Common and Brussels Plum, Pear, Crab, Paradise, Quince, and a few Cherry and Brompton Plum. Prices on application. The Fulham Nurseries, London, S.W. JAMES FARRAR AND CO. beg to an- nounce the publication of their Wholesale CATALOGUE of SEEDS for the present season, which will be forwarded post-free on application. Seed Warehouse, 86, Golden Lane, Barbican, London, E.C. Roses, Fruit Trees, and General Niirsery Stock. WB. ROWE solicits the inspection by • Nurserymen of his extensive stock of the above, which are well-grown, and fit for removal. Barbourne Nurseries, Worcester. The Finest Strain of Calceolaria. SUTTON'S PERFECTION, thus described \nX.hG Gardeners' Chronicle: — "A remark- able collection of great beauty and attractiveness. Each plant is densely laden with large flowers, and the colours are very varied, from creamy white, handsomely spotted on the body, lo rich dark maroon." Price 5J. and 2i. td. per packet, post-free. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. ODEAS.— Healthy young plants of T. superba and T. hymenophylloides (pellucida), free and safe by post. "zs. 6d. each for prepayment. Trade price (low) per :oo. or lesser quantities, on application. ROBERT SIM, Sidcup Hill Nursery, Foot's Cray, Kent. Sutton's Superb Primula. SUTTON AND SONS offer New Seed of this fine strain. Red, white, and mi,\ed, s.r. and zs. 6d. per packet, post-free. Mr. J. Clarke, Or. to Lord Hastings, in the Gardeners' Chronicle, December 21, 1878, says: — ''Sutton's strain of Primula I can truly assert is the most carefully selected I have ever grown. The plants are one and all as true as possible. They have been greatly admired." Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON and sons. The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. To the Trade— Seed Catalogued HAND F. SHARPE beg to announce that • their SEED CATALOGUE has been po^-ted to all their customers. Any one not having received it will oblige by applying at once to Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech. OTANDARD l^di DWARF ROSES, k_7 leading sorts, in large quantities of strong, hardy, and well-grown plants. Price LISTS on application. LITTLE AND BALLANTYNE, Knowefield Nurseries, Carlisle. The Best New Tall Wrinlded Pea! SUTTON'S ROYAL BERKSHIRE MARROW, height 5 to 6 feet, producing pods each con- taining 8 to 10 peas, delicate flavour, beautiful colour. From Mr. William Paterson, Gr. to Her Majesty the Queen, Balmoral.— " I was much pleased with your New Pea. It is a splendid bearer, and when cooked is very finely flavoured. I consider it a first-class variety." Ss. per quart, 35. per pint. Send for SUTTON'S LIST ot "NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen. Reading. Special Cheap Oflfer of CHOICE SHRUBS,— THUJA AUREA, 18 inches, 14^. per dozen. ,, ELEGANTISSIMA, iS to 22 inches, i+r. per dozen. ,. SEMPER AURESCENS, iS inches, i6j. perdozen. RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA AUREA. afeet, aoj. p.doz. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA LUTEO, 2-yr. grafted, 125. per dozen. Package free. Cash with orders. T. FLETCHER and SON, Nurserymen. &c. . Chesterfield. EE'S NEW VIOLET ODORATISSIMA. — Habit dwarf and compact, quite distinct from any other variety ; colour, purplish azure, changing to pale azure when fully developed : form, fine ; scent, exquisite. As the opinions of the Press, S:c., were given last spring, they will not be repeated here. Plants at any time when the weather is favourable, at the following rates : — 155. per dozen, %s. 6d. per half-dozen. 55. per quarter- dozen. The Trade supplied when one dozen or more are taken on the usual terms. — GEORGE LEE, F.R.H.S., Market Gardener, Clevedon, Somerset. Established Upwards of a Century. DICKSONS AND CO., NURSERYMEN, Serdsmen. and Florists, i, Waterloo Place. Edin- burgh, beg to call the attention of those about to plant to their extensive Stock of FOREST TREES, SHRUBS for Game Coverts. FRUIT TREES, &c.. which have been grown in exposed situations. D. & Co. are now sending out their Bedding VIOLAS and PANSIES (of which they hold the largest stock in the country). Early and Late PHLOXES. S:c. Descriptive CATALOGUES free on application. OUTTON'S new GIANT CYCLAMEN. O This magnificent new strain surpasses all others. The flowers are of extraordinary size and brilliant colour. SUTTON'S CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM ROSEUM SUPERBUM. 5i. per packet, post-free. SUTTON'S CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM ROSEUM, jt. and 2j, 61/. per packet. post.-free. CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM ROSEUM ALBUM. 51. and 2i. 6d. per packet, post-free. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. January ii, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 35 The Best Garden Beet. SUTTON'S IMPROVED DARK RED, superior to any variety in cultivation. It produces deep, dark, rich, crimson leaves, as effective for bedding as any Dracaena or Perilla, and yet retains all the good qualities of a table Beet. From Mr. John Wilson, Gr. to His Grace the Duke of Norfolk, Arundel Castle.— "Your Improved Dark Red Beet is the very best I have ever grown." \s. id. per ounce, post-free. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. One Penny Each GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS. — The finest scarlet Gladiolus in cultivation, also FLORI- BUNDUS, nearly pure white, fine sound Flowering Bulbs, any quantity, from i to 10,000, at the above price, A few thousand Smaller Bulbs, mixed, at 5J. per 100. AUo HOLLYHOCKS, fine seedling plants, at id. each, zJ, dd. per dozen, C^ per loo. Double DAISIES. Red, White, and Hen-and-Chickens, 5^. per 100 : Double dark Crimson, ts. per too. CATALOGUE for 1879, containing 500 Illustrations, post-free for IS. BIODLES AND CO., The "Penny Packet Seed Company, Loughborough. SEEDLING Md TRANSPLANTED FOREST TREES.— One of the largest general Nursery Stocks in the kingdom, inspection of which is invited, Cheap through rates. Special prices to large purchasers. Samples on application. LITTLE AND BALLANTYNE, Knowefield Nurseries, Carlisle. O THE TRADE.— PEARS. Williams' Bon Chretien and Hessell, Standards, 75J. per roo : PLUMS, Victoria, Dwarf-trained, 140J. per 100 ; CHERRIES, Standard, 751. per 100 : also trained PEACHES APRICOTS, and APPLES. CATALOGUES on application to WILLIAM FLETCHER, Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey Surrey. W' M. KNIGHT, of the Floral Nurseries, Hailsham, Sussex. otTers from his large Stocks of Standard and Dwarf ROSES. FRUIT TREES of all sizes. Scarlet and other RHODi )DENDRONS well set with bii.ls, CONIFER/E and EVERGREENS, and DECIDUOUS TREES for Avenues, bv the dozen, 100 or loco, at very low prices for well-grown stiitT. To the Trade. LIMES, 4 to 6 feet, zos. per loo ; 6 to 8 feet, 30i. per too. ASH, Mountain, 4 to 5 feet, 30^. per 1000. WALNUTS, 6 to 8 feet, 30s. per 100. PINE, Weymouth, 2-yr., 2-yr. out, 25s, per :ooo. General Nursery TRADE LIST on application. W. P. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Nurserymen, Dundee, N.B. The Beat Ridge Cucumber. SUTTON'S KING of the RIDGE, grows quite straight, from 12 to 16 inches in length, very level and uniform, in fact it is equal to a first-class frame Cucumber. It is remarkably smooth aud unnbbed, very pro- ductive, hardy and vigorous. From the Right Hon. Viscount Eversley's Gardener. — "Your Kmgofthe Ridge is the btst Ridge Cucumber I have yet seen It grows as straight as possible — a rare occurrence with this kind of Cucumber." Price \s. 6d. per packet, post-free. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. ENTISH FRUIT TREES of every description, in 300 varieties, including some dwarf Pyramid Fruiting APPLES suitable for windy districts, at extraordinarily low prices. Before purchasing elsewhere send for Special LIST to T, EVES, Gravesend Nurseries.— Established 1810. Planting Season. E BURGESS begs to offer the following: — • Strong Standard PEARS, Standard-trained APRI- COTS, Turkey and English OAK, English and Scotch ELMS, LIMES up to 12 feet, BEECH up to 7 feet, and a general Nursery Stock. Prices on application. The Nurseries, London Road, Cheltenham. To Gentlemen, Builders, and the Trade ROBERT AND GEORGE NEAL, Wandsworth Common and Garrett Lane Nurseries, beg respectfully to call attention to their large and varied Stock of HARDY, ORNAMENTAL. FOREST. FRUIT TREES and SHRUBS, which are grown at their Nurseries, especially those Trees, &c., which are most suitable for growing m or near large towns. An early inspection invited. All goods delivered free on rail in London, or at own residence, within five miles of the Nurseries. CATALOGUES free by post on application. FECIAL OFFERS TO THE TRADE. LIMES. 8 to 10 feet, 751. per 100 ; 10 to 12 feet, loar. to jzos. per 100. extra fine. ASH, Weeping, 8 to 10 to 12 feet, straight stems, 3-yr. old heads, extra fine, 24^. per dozen. COB NUTS and FILBERTS, from layers, z 103 feet, 3 5 J. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 45.?. per 100. PEACHES and NECTARINES, Dwarf Maidens, 6oj. per TOO. ROSES on the Manetti, Dwarf, all the very best sorts.extra fine, own selection. 35^^. per 100. YUCCA RECURVIFOLIA, all transplanted last year, very fine plants, 1% feet. 42,?. per dozen. MULBERRIES, fine trees, 2i.t,, 30J., 42^., and 6oj., per dozen, a few extra large do., fine heads, js. 6d. each. KINMONT AND KIDD, Exotic and Vauxhall Nurseries, Canterbury, Kent. To the Trade.— Vines— Vines— Vines. WG. CALDWELL and SONS have • still extra strong fruiting Black Hamburgh VINES to offer, excellent stuff, at 5^. (>d. each. Also AZALEA AMCENA CALDWELHI, well set with buds, iZs. and 24^. per dozen. APPLES, Standard, 40J. per 100. ,, Pyramid, 6ar. per 100. in all leading varieties. General CATALOGUE of Fruit Trees, Conifers, Roses, &c., post-free oq application. The Nurseries, Knutsford, Cheshire. Vines— Vines -Vines. BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that • his stock of VINES is this year unusually fine, and comprises all the leading kinds, including " Alnwick Seedling." Fnr descriptions and prices, see B. S. W.'s BULB CATA- LOGUE for this year. Victoria and Pandise Nurseries. Upper Holloway, London, N. Wholesale Seed Catalogue. LITTLE AND BALLANTYNE beg to acquaint those of their Customers who may not have got a copy of the above, by any inadvertence, that another will be sent on application. Seed Growers and Nurserymen, Carlisle. The Best Late White Broccoli. QUTTON'S QUEEN, k3 fills the gap between late Broccolis and Cauliflowers. Perfectly distinct, very dwarf and compact, heads well protected, medium size, handsome, and ot creamy white colour. Mr. H. Gadd. Gr. to the Right Hon. Lord Middleton. says, on May 28—"' I am still cutting your Queen Broccoli, in fine condition, which, to use the phrase, is shaking hands with the Cauliflower, which is now coming nicely." Price 2i-. 6d. per ounce, \s. per packet, post-free. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. E E D L I N GS, SEEDLINGS. 2, 000,000 Native LARCH, i-yr. Soo.coo Tyrolese LARCH, i-yr. 1,000,000 Native Scotch FIR, i-yr. 500,000 Native Scotch FIR, 2-yr. 1,000,000 Spruce FIR, 2-yr. 100,000 Silver FIR, 2-yr. 200,000 Silver FIR, 3-yr. 600.000 BEECH, I-yr. 150,000 BIRCH, I-yr. 100,000 BIRCH, 2-yr. 500.000 ALDER, I-yr. 100,000 ALDER, 2-yr. 400,000 PINUS AUSTRIACAand LARICIO. I-yr. and 2-yr. 50,000 LABURNUM, i-yr. 100,000 SYCAMORE, i-vr. 200,000 THORN QUICK. I-yr. 200.000 THOKN QUICK. 2-yr. The above are generally of first-class quality. Prices and sample on application to MICHAEL BURKE. Drumlargan and Garadice Nurseries, Co. Meath, Kilcock, Ireland. OTATOS, MANGEL WURZEL, and SWEDE TURNIP SEED, and GOOSEBERRY TREES. POTATOS— 20 tons Snowflake, 10 tons Improved Peach- blow, 30 tons Champions, 10 tons Early Vermont. MANGEL WURZEL SEED, New— 2 to 3 tons Sutton's Oxheart. GOOSEBERRY TREES— 5000 Warringtons, ^-yr. For special low prices apply to W. COCKS, Monks Hall Seed Farms Gosberton, Spalding. Owing to the Death of WM. CUTHBERT, Esq., Beaufront Castle, Hexham, Northumberland, the Trustees are prepared to receive Private Offers for the valuable Collection of large and handsome Specimen. Half-specimen, and other Plants suitable for the decoration of drawing, dining, and other rooms. Also the whole of the PINES, comprising Fruiters, Succession and Suckers, consisting principally of Queens and Smooth Cayennes. Thay are a fine, strong-grown, healthy lot. Also a lot of STRAWBERRIES in splendid condition for forcing. To any one contemplating furnishing an establishment the present is an excellent opportunity. Amongst Cool, Intermediate and East Indian ORCHIDS the following are deserving of special mention : — Aerides odoratum ,, suavissimum Brassia verrucosa Calanthe Veitchli ,, vestita luteo-oculata ,, ,. rubro-oculata Cattleya intermedia ,, Leopoldii ,, Lnddigesii ,, Mossia; Coslogyne cristata Dendrobium album ,, devonianum ,, nobile ,, thyrsiflorum Lslia autumnalis Lselia Dayana „ purpurata Lycaste aromatica ,, cruenta ,, Skinneri Odontogiossum crispum „ cirrhosum ,, citroamum roseum „ Insleayi Oncidium sphacelatum ,, varicosum ,, tigrinum Saccolabium Blumei Sophronites grandiflora Trichopilia suavis ,, tortilis Zygop^talum crinitum The following amongst STOVE PLANTS suitable for exhi- bition purposes. The Crotons are handsome specimens from 8 feet hit^hand 4^^ through to half-'^pecimens. Anthurium Scherzerianum CrotOM vanegatum „ pictum ,, aneustifolium „ majesticum ,. Veitchii Dracaena Fraseri „ Henderson! ,, Mooreana ,, excelsa ,, nigro vulnera Cooperi Eucharis amazonica Euphorbia sp'endens Ixora cocciuea superba Maranta roseo-picta „ Veitchii „ zebrina Rondeletia speciosa major Stephanotis floribunda Urceolina aurea Begonias and Gloxinias Also Tree and other Ferns. The GREENHOUSE PLANTS comprise Palms, specimen and half-specimen trained Azalea indica, bristling with buds ; Epacris, Dracaenas, Camellias finely set with buds ; also a fine lot of scarlet tuberous Begonias, &c. Inspection invited, and full particulars given to intending purchasers on application to the HEAD GARDENER, Beaufront Castle. Hexham, Northumberland. The Best Frame Cucumber. SUTTON'S DUKE of CONNAUGHT, remarkably handsome, and the finest white-spined variety known. Perfectly level, from 22 to 26 inches in length, very uniform, with a bright green skin, well covered with bloom, spine scarcely discernible, and the fruit very little ribbed. Wonderfully small handle, and decidedly superior for exhibition. IS. 6d. and 2^. 6d. per packet, post-free. Send for SUTFON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. Garden Seeds. CHARLES TURNER'S Descriptive CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, containing several interesting and valuable novelties. BAILEY'S GREEN-FLESHED MELON " THE SQUIRE."— Great size, delicious flavour. First Prize at the Royal Botanic Society. Per packet, zs. 6d, NEW KIDNEY POTATO "EARLY BIRD."-Re- markably early and fine quality. Indispensable for frame work. First-class Certificate at the International Potato Show, Royal Aquaiium. Per peck. 10s 6d. ; per lb., is. POTATO " SCHOOLMASTER." — The following few Testimonials from hundreds will show that it is uniformly good in all parts of the country : — " My opinion is that it is one of the very best Potatos we have." — A. F. Barron, Chis^vick. " Your Schoolmaster is the very finest in cultivation for the table, and re^ists disease better than any Potato I know."— W. Naish, lVilto7i, "To my taste I know no Potato equal to Schoolmaster." — Miss F. Mever, IVindennerc. "I had two tubers from a friend about two years ago, and from those two tubers I have this year dug 60 bushels." — J. Douglas, Loxford Hall. Per peck, 6j'. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. East Lothian Stocks. TODD AND CO., SEEDSMEN, Maitland Street, Edinburgh, offer SEEDSof these splendid Stock?, saved from very carefully selected strains, in the following colours :— Crimson (very superb), Purple, Rose, Scarlet, White, and White Wallflower-leaved, in packets at \s. and is. td. each. Amateurs' packets %d. each. Roses, Fruit Trees, &c. WILLIAM FLETCHER'S CATALOGUE for the present season is now ready, and may be had on application. The stock is very large and most healthy. The Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, RUIT TREES.— Pyramidal Pears, fruiting trees, 6 to 8 feet, my selection, 18^. per dozen ; Currants, Black Naples, fruiting bushes, i6.r. per 100 ; Standard Morello Cherries, 6 feet stems, bushy heads, in flower-bud, i8i. per dozen ; Standard Plums. 6 feet stems, bushy heads, in flower- bud, \%s. per dozen ; Medlars and Walnuts, bushy heads, i8j. per dozen. Fruit Tree CATALOGUE gratis. J. GEORGE HILL (late John Scott), The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. The Best Early Pea. UTTON'S EMERALD GEM. S From Mr. P. Pirie, Gr. to the Right Hon. Lord Stanley of Alderley.— " Your Emerald Gem Pea is the earliest variety I have grown. Sown with other early sorts it came in fully a week before them, and is very productive and of good flavour.' Price 2S, 6(/. per quart. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application, SUTTUN AND hONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. Johnstone's St. Martins Rhubarb EARLIEST and BEST in CULTIVATION, forces well, and has a splendid colour. Strong roots, 9^. per dozen. Trade price on application, RHUBARB, Prima Donna (newl, is. bd. each. „ Princess Royal (new), \s. 6d. each. W. P. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Nurserymen, Dundee, N.B. Season 1S79. VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS of Superior Quality. Carriage Free. Priced Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing select Lists oi these, also Potatos for planting. Hybrid Gladioli, and other Garden Requisites, is now published, and will be sent post-free on application. DICKSON AND ROBINSON. Seed Merchants and Nurserymen, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester. Q P E C I A L CHEAP OFFER of O WINTER and SPRING BEDDING PLANTS. AURICULA, Alpine, fine strain, in 6o-pois, i2o.r. per 1000, i$s. per 100. DAISY, Aucubaifolia, golden netted foliage, strong clumps, 305. per 1000, ^s. per 100. ,, Crown, fine, strong clumps, 25^. per looo, 35. per 100. ,, Rob Roy, fine red, ditto, 255. per 1000, 3J. per 100. ., Bride, finest large while, ditto, 35.?. per 1000, 4^. per 100. MENTHA PULEGIUM, strong clumps, i^s. per 1000, 25. per 100. MYOSOTIS DISSITIFLORA, true, well rooted fine clumps 40.J. per 1000, ss. per 100. PANSY, Cliveden Blue, fine healthy plants, 50^. per 1000, 6s. per 100. ., Blue Kin^, ditto, soi. per 1000, 6s. per 100. PRIMKO.:)E. Single Lilac, strong. 6s. per 100. ., Double Yellow, ditto, 855". per 1000. los per 100. ROCKE rS, D mble Purple, ditto, 10^. per 100. ,, Double White, ditto. Zs. per 100. CATALOGUE of General Nursery Stock on application. W. BALL AND CO., Bedford Road Nursery, Northampton. UEEN OF LILIES, LILIUM AURATUM. — Imported Bulbs are now arriving, and orders are solicited. This lovely Lily is quite hardy, and should be gene- rally grown. Before ordering send for Lily List, where all parti- culars are given. Prices, size No. i, 6d. ; No. 2. is. ; No. 3, is. 6d. ; No. 4, 2s. each. ORCHIDS.— Special offer of the following fine Orchids, for ^5 55. : — I plant Phalxnopsis Schilleriana, 2 plants Dendro- bium formosum giganteum, i plant Phalsnopsis grandiflora aurea, 4 plants Dendrobium cretaceum, i plant Saccolabium guttatum, I plant Dendrobium barbatulum, 3 plants Calanthe rubra and luteo occulata, i plant Dendrobium Pierrardi, i pot Limatodes rosea. All orders to be accompanied by a remittance. Lily and Orchid LIST sent on application to WILLIAM GORDON, 10, Cullum Street, London, E.C., Lily Bulb and Plant Importer. The Largest Black Grape in Cultivation, GROS GUILLAUME (ROBERTS' VARIETY). WTAIT AND CO. can now supply planting • Canes of this wonderful Grape, which is quite distinct from the old Gros Guillaume and Barbarossa. For particulars see Gardeners Chronicle, pp. 632 and 692. The Canes now oflfered are from eyes taken from Mr. Roberts' parent Vine at Charleville. Planting Canes, js. 6d each, stronger, io.r. 6d. each. _ W. TAIT AND CO,, Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Dublin. 36 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January ii, 1879. THE OXFORD ROSES, ON THE CXTLTIVATED SEEDLING BRIER. Geo. Peince Begs to offer the following 25 choice varieties, Carefully packed, package included, 2i8. Alfred Colomb Auguste Rigotard Baran Haussmann Due de Rohan Duchess Vallombrosa Emilie Hausberg Etienne Dupuy Etienne Levet Francois Mich^lon General Jacqueminot Hippol', te Jamain Jean Liabaud John Hopper Le Havre Louis Van Houtte M idame Bdrard (Tea) Madame Lacharme Marie Rady Marie Guillot (Tea) Miss Hassard Mons. Paul Neron Pauline Talabot Reynolds Hole Souvenir de Mons. Boll Thomas Mills. GEORGE PRINCE, OXFORD. CATALOG U E NEW WILLIAM BARRON & SON'S New DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Comferx, Hardy Ornamental Trees and General Nursery Stock, may now be had on application, A personal inspection of their unrivalled slock is solicited. The Nurseries are three minutes' walk from the Borrowash Station, on the Midland (Derby and Nottingham) Railway. ELVASTON NURSERIES, BORROWASH. DERBY. TRANSPLANTED FORESTTREES. ASH. Common. 2, 3. to 4 feet, stout. BEECH. Common, 1% to 2% feet, stout. LAKtJH, Fir, I to I J4 foot, very tine and cheap. Hazel, C'lmmon. 2 lo 3 feet, and 3 to 4 feet, very fine. POPLAR, Black Italian, Balsam and Lombatdy, 2, 3, to 5 feet. TRANSPLANTED FRUIT TREES. CHERRIES, Standards. Maidens and Cutbacks, leadini^ sorts. APRICOTS. PEACHES. and NECTARINES. dwarf Maidens. FRUIT TREE STOCKS :-BrusseIs, Mussel, Brompton, Common Plum and Pear. TRANSPLANTED CONIFERS, TREES AND SHRUBS. CEDRUS DEODAKA. bushy, fine, i'/.. 3. 5. to 7 feet. CBVPTOMERIA ELEGANS, 2. 3 to 5 fee., fine. CUPR"- SSU l.AWSONI ANA. i to 10 feer, for .screens. PICEA NORDMANNIANA. specimens, 2, 3. 5. 10 7 feet. PINUS CEMHRA, fine, 2. 3. 5. 107 feet. REIINOSPDRA PLUMOSA, I, 2, 3, to s feet, tine. THUJA OIGAN I'EA, 2, 3. 5, to 6 feet. fine. ,, LOBBl, 6 to 8 feet, suitable for screens. THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, 3, 4, to 5 feet, fine, AUCUBA JAPONICA, bushy, 1 J^ to 2 feet. HOLLIES, Green, bushy, 3, 6, to q feet. ,, Variegated, bushv, 2, 3, 4, to 6 feet. YUCCAS, of sorts, fine. CHESTNUT, Horse. 7, 8, 10. to 12 feet, for avenues. THORNS. Standards, of sorts, extra fine. POPLARS, of sorts, 8, 10, to 12 feet. LI MES. very stout, to, 12, to 15 feet, for avenues. PRIVET Box-leaved, r, 2, to 3 feet, for hedges or covert, MANETTI Rose stocks, fine and cheap. AMPEI.OPSIS VEITCHII, inpots. CLEMATIS JACKMANNI, and others, in pots. DAPHNE CNEORUM, fine. The whole of the above Stock is in excellent condition for removal, of first-class quality, and grown in large quantities, and offered at low prices. For particulars apply to GEORGE JACKMAN AND SON, Woking Nurser)', Surrey. Francis & Arthur Dickson s Sons. 106 Eastgate St.& Pup^TUD TheUptonNurseries vUL O 1 11<1\. ' Illustrated. Catalogue of New & Select Fami Seeds, Post free on Application . '"Quality unsttrpassed. SHARPE'S INVINCIBLE. New Long-Podded Blue Marrow Pea. Price, per Quart, Ss. 6d. Half-pint Packets, free by Post, Is. /^t7?- Testimonials see " Gardeners' Chronicle" of Nov. 23, /. 671 ; Nov. 16, /. 644 ; and Dec. 7, /. 735. Trade Price on application. RAUCEBY HALL MELON. Price 2s. 6d. per packet. For Testimonials see " Gardener^ Chronicle^^ of Dec. IA,P- 766. Trade Price on application. EDELWEISS. (GNAPHALIUM LEONTOPODIUM, Jacq.) CHARLES SHARPE and CO., having received a small supply of SEED of the above lovely little Alpine Plant with woolly silvery-white bracts, can oflfer packets post-free at 2j. 6d. each. Its cultivation presents no difficulty, and full instructions will be sent with each packet. Seed Warehouse, Sleaford. Seed List. CHARLES SHARPE and CO.'S WHOLESALE LIST of VEGETABLE and FARM SEEDS IS NOW READY, and will be sent post-free on application. CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Seed Farmers, Sleaford, and at 31, New Com Exchange, Mark Lane, London, E.C To the Trade.— Seed Potatos. CAREFULLY SELECTED and FREE FROM DISEASE. pHARLES SHARPE AND CO. V^-^ will have much pleasure in forwarding their SPECIAL PRICED CATALOGUE of SEED POTATOS, Grown by themselves this season. CHARLES SHARPE and CO., having at much trouble and expense procured the choice'-t stocks of all the finest English and American varieties, can confidently recommend what they offer. Seed Warehouse, Sleaford. F F E R AsUeaved Potatos. SPECIAL O for large quantities. EARLY ASHLEAF, | MYATT'S PROLIFIC, RIVERS' ROYAL. CHARLES SHARPE and CO. are prepared to make low <5UOtations for the .ihnve. wh.'n JT-ce n" tntities are taken. vegetable&flowerseeds Seed Potatos.Toois&c JAMESDICKSON&SONS ''sEEDi GROWERS. |1|f« fJ^mVin t08EASTGgrEST.i(lll!l^ i fill FOR SPETNG, 1879. For the Best JList OF CHOICE KITCHEN GARDEN A.ND FLOWER SEEDS, SEED POTATOS, &c. SEE Address- Price Is., post-free. Gratis to Customers and intending Purchasers Should be in the hands of every one having a Garden. DANIELS BROS., Royac Norfolk Seed Establishment, NORWICH. CRANSTON'S NURSERIES. Established 1785. EIGHTY ACRES. ROSES, FRUIT TREES, CONIFERS, FOREST TREES, &c. Descriptive and Priced Catalogue for 1878 now ready. CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD. F ELTON & SONS' SEED CATALOGUE FOR 1879 is now repdy, And contains the best Vegetables and Flowers, with Practical Directions for their Successful Cultivation. Gratis and Post-free. ROYAL NURSERIES and SEED WAREHOUSE. Harborne Road, Birmingham. All Seeds we Sell are New and Unadulterated. WM. PAUL & SON, ' (Successors to the late A. Paul & Son, ■>■ Established 1806,) ROSE GROWERS, TREE, PLANT, BULB, AND SEED MERCHANTS. WALTHAM CROSS HERTS. Adjoining the " Waltham " Station Great Eastern Railway. Inspection of Stock invited. Priced Descriptive Catalogues free by post i January ii, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 37 The Best Cauliflower. SUTTON'S KING of the CAULI- FLOWERS, dwarf, compact, very large, firm, beautifully white heads. From Mr. John Clark, Gr. to the Most Noble the Marquis of Ripen. — " Your King is a very dwarf, good strain of Cauli- flower, producing firm and beautifully white heads." \s. 6d. and 7S. 6d. per packet, post-free. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. Reading. To the Trade. SPECIAL PRICES ON APPLICATION EORGE COOPER, Seed Merchant, Hertford, begs to offer the following, of the choicest stocks :- ONION, White Spanish „ White Globe ., Bedfordshire Champion CELERY, Cooper's Improved White BROMPTON STOCK, Giant Scarlet CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, from large flowers. G BEET, Red.Cooper'sExcelsior BROCCOLI. Hill's June CUCUMBER, ImprovedTele- graph [Matchless PARSLEY, Curled, Cooper's SWEDE, Cooper's Improved Large Purple-top TURNIP, ImprovedAberdeen Green-top Yellow Really Choice Seeds. LOXINIA CRASSIFOLIA GRANDI- FLORA, magnificent strain, quite distinct, leaves G broad, fleshy, and re- curving ; blooms very large and lichly marked and coloured. Erecia and horizontalis, sepa- rate or mixed, per packet, IS. and -zs. td. AURICULA, extra choice, mixed. Almost every plant from this seed will give blooms of exquisite colouring, distmct eye and mar- gin, and perfection m form. Per pkt.. is. dd. PETUNIA, Double, large flowering. Most carefully hybridised ; yields a large percent- age of double flowers. Per packet. \s. td. BEGONIA, Tuber- ous rooted. — From a superb collection con- taining all the splendid new introductions in this class. Per pkt., single, IS. 6d, ; double, '2S. 6d. STEPH\NOTIS FLORIEUNDA.— Free-flowering variety from the Mauritius. Per picket, is 6i., Post-free. JAMES TYNAN, 6S, Great George Street, Liverpool. The Finest Primula of the Season. SUTTON'S RUBY KING. New Seed of this superb novelty, which is pronounced by the entire Horticultural Press to surpass all others, is now ready. Price 51. per packet, post-free. " Most striking and magnificent in appearance."— (7ar(/^«frf' Chronicle. " Quite surpasses all the crimson Primulas we have hitherto seen." — Gardeners' Magazine. "The most beautiful of Chinese Vx\m\\\as."— Garden. " A superb new-coloured variety, likely to revolutionise the future of seed-grown varieties." — Horticultural Record. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-lree on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. Reading. ''"e D E L W E I S S." GNAPHALTUM LEONTOPODIUM (Jacq.). „ LEONTOPODIUM ALPINUM (Cass.). This lovely little alpine, with the woolly silvery- while bracteates, is yet scarcely known in our gardens, though its culture is a very easy one. Sown early in spring in flat pots, filled with sandy peat, mixed with some good loam, and kept moist, it will grow in about a fortnight ; re- planted and put in a cool frame, they will be fit for plant- ing out-of-doors in about six weeks. Any good garden soil, not too stiff, will be sufficient, :ind a good free- to-the-sun- exposed place will suit them. In the winter a thin cover of leaves or fir packets containing looo Seeds, 4J. td. ; and may be had of all the leading Seedsmen. Orders have already been received from the following firms : — • Si UART & Co 5, Tavistock Row, Covent Gar- Charles Sharpe & Co. .. Sleaford. [den, W.C. Sutton & Sons Reading. Wm. Thompson Tavern Street, Ipswich. Other names will be added as Orders are received. FRIEDRICH ADOLPH HAAGE, Jun., Seedsman, Erfurt. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, January 15, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a magnificent COLLECTION of ENGLISH-QEOWN LILIES, comprising some of the very finest kinds in cultivation, and the largest bulbs that have ever been offered by auction ; about 1600 BULBS of the lovely NEAPOLITAN ALLIUM, largely grown in the South of France and Italy to supply Covent Garden with cut flowers ; a large COLLECTION of CAPE and OTHER BULBS, comprising many varieties of Oxalis, Ixias, Babianas, Watsonias, Leucojums, Begonias, Hesperos- cordum, Triteleia, Tigridias, Agapanthus, and many others. There will also be offered a quantity of FIRST-CLASS HARDY PERENNIALS, comprising Geum coccineum plenum, Stobcea purpurea, Senecio pulcher, Spirasa palmata and S. palmata elegans, Helleborus niger maximus, Dodecatheons, Iris Kampferi, Cypripediums, Orchis, and many other first-class Plants. Several of the .above have recently been figured in the Garden. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. NEWLY IMPORTED NEW GRANADAN ORCHIDS (IN SPLENDID CONDITION). MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, to offer for SALE by AUCTION, WITHOUT RESERVE, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, January 16, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a splendid lot of COOL ORCHIDS, recently arrived per s.s. Moselle, and comprising fine Masses of ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI, in excellent health, some of them probably the largest plants ever offered ; ODONTOGLOSSUM TRIUMPHANS, O. PHAL^NOPSIS, ADA AURANTIACA, ODONTOGLOSSUM ROEZLII, ONCIDIUM WELTONI, and other well-known and popular kinds. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. FLOWER SEED NOVELTIES FOB 1879. NEW GIANT CYCLAMEN, Cyclamen persicum. giganteum rubrum. For I'caiiti/Hl Coloured Plat^ see Seed Catalogue This magnificent New Cyclamen is undoubtedly one of the most charming novelties ever introduced. The flowers are equal m size and substance to my well-known strain of gigaii- teum, and are well thrown up above the foliage. The coU ur is delicate rose, changing to a bright crimson at the base, being a tint unrivalled, and never before acquired in this giant strain. It has been awarded two First-class Certificates. Per packet, y. and y. (yd. CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTEUM. This variety has very broad beautifully mottled coriaceous leaves, and stout flower-stalks, throwing the flowers well above the foliage : each flower measuring from 2 to zYz inches in length, with broad petals of great substance, pure white, w ith a fine bold violet-purple eye. Per packet, y. and 2S. bd. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. NEW SCARLET PRICttULA, Primula sinensis fimbriata coccinea. Per packet, 5^. and ^s. (>d. Per packet — s. BEGONIA, New Bedding, finest mixed 2 SOLANUM HYBRIDUM EMPRESS (New) 2 VIOLA CORNUTA LOVELINESS (New) 2 B. S. W. begs to announce that the above Illustrated Seed Catalogue is now ready, containing upwards of 70 pages of all the New and Choice FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS, WITH Beautiful Coloured Plate of the New CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTEUM RUBRUM, And numerous other Engravings, Also full Directions for Sowing, &"€. •»• All Seeds amounting to loi. Carriage Free to any Rail- way Station in England, and all of \-s. to any Railway Station in Scotland or Wales, or any Steam Port in Ireland. Flower Seeds Free by Post, except heavy kinds. ^M WOLLOWAYTiJ 38 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January ii, 1879. k>,v. KNIGHTIAN GOLD MEDAL WORTHINCTON C.SniTH •:• F.L.S., F. R. H.S.I ., M.A.I. •:• Wood Engraver AND Artist 15, A1LDMA.Y Grove ^^- London. •TOH-VS-f;l •IS78- sii^ "-"XTTTS-WUTS^H -■--'■ BANK81AN GOLD MEDAL. ^^^ KITCHEN GARDEN, FLOWER AND AGRICULTURAL SEEDS. Down IE & Laird HAVE TO INTIMATE THAT THEIR ANNUAL CATALOGUE OF ABOVE, AND ALSO LIST OF GLADIOLI ROOTS, MAY NOW BE HAD ON APPLICATION. Their FLORIST FLOWER CATALOGUE is in the hands of the Printer, and will be ready early in January. DOWNIE & LAIED, NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS, 17, SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH. Nurseries : Royal Winter Gardens, West Coates ; and Pinkhill, near Corstorphiite. T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.G., CONSERVATORY AND GREENHOUSE BUILDERS. AND HOT-WATBE ENGINEEBS. PAXTON'S CALENDAR Now Ready, a New and thoroughly Revised Edition of the COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. ** It has been carefully revised by an experienced gardener, and the lists of vegetables, fruit, and flowers have been corrected by the substitution of the most approved modern kinds, in place of those which were mentioned in the first edition, and many of which have ceased to be worthy of cultivation. It is a thoroughly sound, practical treatise : but it has been so long before the public, and so deservedly appreciated, that any special commendation of it now is unnecessary." — Midlayid Counties Herald. '*This is a handy volume, consisting of seventy pages of letterpress and illustration, containing much and varied information likely to prove useful to all cottagers, &c., who possess a garden. To all such, who require a cheap and reliable book of reference, we heartily recommend it." — Lloyd^s. " We are quite glad to see this useful little book once more, and it is like a whift of perfume rom the heather in bloom to read on the wrapper ' two hundred and twenty-first thousand.' We advise all who are interested in the promotion of cottage gardening to sow this little book hroadc^si." — Gardeners' Magazine. "The information conveyed in this little book is well adapted for all persons having small plots of ground. The necessary operations for each month are clearly laid down, and are of a thoroughly practical nature. The sorts of both fruit and vegetables are well selected, many of them being excellent in quality. To our readers who are interested in the cultivation of their flower and kitchen gardens, we can safely recommend this as being a most concise and useful work."— BelPs Messenger. Price 3d., Post Free 3jd. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. January ii, 1879.] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 39 AMIES' CHEMICAL MANURES. Forty-four Prizes have been awarded to our Customers during the past Season for Produce grown with our Manures. Write for Descriptive Pamphlet, post-free. Mr. WILTjIAM EAELEY, the well-known horticulturist, and Editor of the Horticul- tural Record, Villa Gardener, &c., writes : — " I give you the result of the trials I have yet been able to make of your Manures. S7iois.id slight symptoms of disease, whilst the middle piece, where your manure was, kept growing sturdily and healthy, and did not exhibit the least disposition to blight or curl; and now on digging there is not one tuber that has the slightest speck of blight, although there is exactly double the crop that I got from tlie guano and farmyard manure, which threw rather more haulm, although the piece that had your manure pushed ahead and almost overtook the other two pieces whilst they were strttggling against disease; but the haulm was ?iever at any tinte rank, but short jointed, sturdy growth that looked just calculated to resist disease." AMIES' CHEMICAL MANURE COMPANY (LIMITED), 79, MARK LANE, LONDON, E.G. PRODUCE A CONSTANT S-vtSUPPLY OR.i^'© ^BESTfEGEttBLES ALLTHEYEAR ROUND i^ - 5 PER CENT DISCOUNT FOR CASH -■ j SFXDS OF 20; VALUE CARRIAGtl FREE '^ T^rOHSTRATTD CATALOGUES POST FREE^ The Best VEGETABLE AND F L O AV E R SEEDS, At very Moderate Prices. For particulars see ■WEBB'S SPRING CATALOGUE For 1879. Greatly Enlarged and Improved Edition. BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED With splendidly executed Coloured Plates and Hundreds of superior Engravings. POST-FREE ONE SHILLING. GRATIS TO CUSTOMERS. TUE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. --^^sr^^Q^^ SATURDAY, JANUARY 11, 1879. THE NEW PLANTS OF 1878. (Concluded rom p. lO.) Greenhouse Plants. BY far the finest greenhouse subjects which have attracted notice during the past year are the Bomareas,asetof climbing Alstromeriads of which very little seems known from a horti- cultural point of view. That they are grand subjects many of them, as greenhouse or conservatory climbers seems certain, and the examples of cut specimens which have appeared at the floral meetings in London during the past season will, it is hoped, draw towards them the attention they deserve. Bomarea Carderi and B. Caldasii, though not absolutely, are yet comparatively new, and may be specially named as the species referred to above. The former {Card. Chron. 1S76, vol. v., p. 792) has rosy pink, the latter orange-scarlet flowers, in grand drooping umbels. The newer B. oligantha has reddish-yellow flowers, the inner segments bright yellow with claret-brown spots, bu't the umbels are smaller than in the species previously named. The old- fashioned Agap- anthus umbellatus is one of the finest greenhouse plants we possess, and of this two novel forms have been imported, which can scarcely fail to prove acquisitions ; one is called A. umbellatus flore-pleno,and has double dark blue flowers ; the other, A. umbellatus excelsus, has flower-stems 6 feet high, and very large umbels of pale blue flowers. In Clausenia cor>'mbiflora we have a Rutaceous greenhouse shrub, from the Loyalty Islands, whose large corymbs of white flowers are succeeded by odoriferous yellowish-white fruit, which is said to be of agreeable taste. Palms and Cycads. To the cultivated Palms, of which the list has now become lengthy, some very ornamental additions have been made especially amongst the pinnate-leaved series. We may mention as particularly welcome Kentia Luciani and K. Wendlandiana, Areca purpurea and A. gracilis, the beautiful feathery Loxococcus or Ptycho- sperma rupicola, Calyptronoma Swartzii, and Plectocomia himalayana. Of the beautiful Cycadaceous genus Bowenia, distinguishable by its bipinnate leaves, Mr. Bull has a remarkably handsome form with the leaves toothed, those of the original B. spectabi- lis being entire ; this is called B. spectabilis serrulata, and is, like the original, one of the most beautiful plants in the order. Cycas siam- ensis is a new species resembhng C. circina- lis, recently introduced from Cochin China. Its stout glabrescent trunk is marked with circular furrows, and its pinnate leaves are flat, about 2 feet long, and divided into about sixty-five pairs of segments. Another fine and exceed- ingly ornamental plant, obtained from New Grenada and provisionally named Zamia ampli- folia, has the leaf segments few, in pairs, and very large, lance-shaped, each 1 1 inches long. Still another distinct-looking novelty has been introduced recently, and had been named Encephalartos acantha, from its leaf-segments terminating in a translucent spine, but it appears to have been, by the aid of better materials, identified as the E. Fnderici- Guilielmi. This comes from Graham's Town. The woolly trunk bears a crown of leaves some 2\ ieet long, with 120 pairs of closely 40 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January ji, 1879. set oblong-linear segments. This beautiful order of plants is by no means cultivated to the extent which it deserves to be, for it is at once remarkable for nobility and grandeur of aspect. Ferns and Lycopods. Tropical Ferns predominate, and to these we have many interesting additions to record. The genus Cibotium, of which two or three recently ntroduced forms were recorded last year, now gives us another well-known Sandwich Island species, but which was not previously known in our gardens — C. Chamissoi, which differs from the other species from the same island in being less coriaceous and not at all glaucous. It is like them, arborescent, and a very fine ornamental Fern. The Adiantums have received some good additions in A. cyclosorum, which is remark- able for its cycloid indusia ; in A. tetraphyllum gracile,a pretty form of the prionophyllum group ; in A. rhomboideum, which has been confused with A. varium ; and in A. bellum, a pretty little Bermuda plant, very like A. fragile, and pro- bably sometimes lumped with it, but obviously different in not having deciduous pinnules as A. fragile has. Davallia fijiensis, one of the most beautiful of the Hare's-foot Ferns, has been introduced to more than one collection. Its fronds are large and coriaceous, but cut up into very fine divisions, and its sori are seated in very deep and narrow cup-shaped indusia. A new species of Nephrolepis has been added to this favourite genus, N. Pluma, from Mada- gascar— a deciduous Fern, with oblong tubers which rest in winter, and with very long and narrow, elegantly pinnate fronds, which especially adapt it for growth as a summer basket Fern. The South Sea Microlepia hirta has yielded a beautifully crested variety, M. hirta cristata, which has the advantage of being a very free- growing plant, as well as exceedingly orna- mental. Then we have a new Platycerium, P. Hillii, from Queensland, a distinct and elegant species of a very remarkable genus of Ferns, whose fronds have in certain species consider- able resemblance to the homs of the elk, whence the popular name of Elk's-horn Fern given to the genus, and whence also the scientific name, Platycerium, from platys, broad, and /ccras, a horn. Perhaps one of the handsomest of the Ferns of the year is Lastrea aristata variegata, which is, moreover, a hardy greenhouse plant, if indeed it may not prove to be quite hardy. It is a Japanese plant, free-growing, with evergreen fronds of rigid texture, pentagonal in outline, with crowded spiny-toothed pinnules, the midrib of the ultimate branches, together with the base of the pinnules, being marked by a "broad band of very pale yellowish green, which, contrasting with the dark green of the rest of the frond, shows a distinct pallid band down each of the divisions. When well developed, it is a very charming plant. We have here to notice two new Selaginellas, both very handsome garden plants, and de- sirable from a decorative point of view. S. Vic- toria;, described by us in the Florist, is a South .Sea plant, allied to S. VVallichii, of subscandent habit, pinnately branched, the branchlets simple, an inch long, terminating in a slender tetragonal ■ spike of equal or greater length. S. bellula is from Ceylon, and has the general aspect of S. injequifolia, but diflfers considerably when seen side by side. Orchids. The first place amongst these must, we think, be accorded to Lielia anceps alba, a Mexican plant, tJ which allusion has been made on one or two recent occasions. One can hardly form a con- ception of a flower more lovely in the purity of its whiteness, its size and form being at the same time sufficiently ample and well displayed to show off its beauties in the highest degree. Other LKlias have come to us from the hand of the hybridiser, and splendid acquisitions they are, as for example L. Dominiana, bred between Cattleya Dowiana and L. elegans, and L. Sedeni, allied to de- voniensis ; both of them are remarkable for the superb colouring of their purplish-crimson lip, and both come into the front rank of orna- mental Orchids. Though not quite new, we may here mention Cattleya Veitchiana as having been exhibited this year in splendid condition, surpassing all previous experience in the superb colouring and noble character of its inflorescence. Still searching amongst the garden hybrids we find Calanthe Sedeni, the richest in hue and most attractive of all the Calanthes, in the way of C. Veitchii, but with the colour intensified many degrees. It is reported to have sprung from a cross between C. vestita rubro-oculata, and C. Veitchii, and is deservedly named after the hybridist who was the means of bringing it into the world. Sobralia suaveolens, with its perfumed flowers of ochroleucous tint, may be e.xpected to be a favourite ; and Masde- vallia splendida," in the way of Veitchiana, and equally as beautiful," must be a welcome guest in our cool Orchid houses ; like Veitchiana its blossoms are of a rich scarlet with a violet sheen, and it comes from the Andes. Con- trasting strongly with it, being one of the smallest of its race, but equally beautiful, though its beauty is of another type, is M. triglochin, the flowers of which are reddish-brown with yellow tails, and beautifully blotched. Bollea Lawrenceana with its violet-tipped lip, and yellow-tipped sepals and petals, is a very hand- some introduction, having flowers as large as those of B. ccelestis ; while in Pescatorea Backhousiana we have an allied plant also of considerable beauty, with purplish-violet sepals and petals, and a cream-coloured lip margined with purple, and in P. bella a somewhat similar species of no mean beauty. Dendrobes have received one or two accessions to their ranks ; D. superbiens proves to be a showy and valu- able decorative plant, but is now scarcely a novelty ; D. Goldiei is of the same general character, while in D. Williamsianum we gain a New Guinea species having flowers as large as those of D. Dalhousianum, with whitish sepals, rosy petals, and a rich violet-purple lip which has an irregularly-shaped but squarish front lobe. Hardy Perennials, &c. A few good hardy perennials have been made knotvn, amongst them Tritoma (Kniphofia) maroccana, a dwarfer and smaller plant than the well-known T. Uvaria. Spiraea palmata elegans, a neat-flowering plant with white blos- soms and red anthers, has given rise to sundry speculations as to its real name and origin, which are not yet set at rest. It is, however, a plant which under any name may well find a place in our borders of hardy flowers. Iris cretensis is a pretty narrow-leaved species, with the outer segments of the flowers yellow below, then white with bluish lines, and tipped with dark purple. It comes from Crete. Another novelty of the same genus, from Turkestan, I. Kolpakowskiana, is of dwarf habit but very beautiful. Its flowers are dark purple in the apical half, white varied with purple in the basal half, and having a bright yellow median bar bordered with purple. But the most striking of all the novelties of this section is the Cen- taurea Fenzlii, " the noblest Centaury hitherto introduced into cultivation ; " an Armenian species, with broad spreading basal leaves a foot and a-half long, and numerous erect peduncles, each bearing one or two large heads of yellow flowers. It is, indeed, a stately plant — but it is a biennial, as also is the Texan Castilleja indi- visa, a remarkable plant, with a head of brilliant scarlet bracts. To these one or two plants of the bulbous and cormiform series may be added. Notably Mont- bretia Pottsii, ^ South African Iridaceous plant. with the habit of Crocosmia aurea, and exceed- ingly ornamental. It grows 3 to 4 feet high, has linear-ensiform leaves i| to 2 feet long, and a panicle i\ foot long of funnel-shaped bright yellow flowers, tinted on the outer surface with red. Ixiolirion Pallasii, which, if not strictly new, has, we imagine, long been lost to our gardens, has reappeared, and its pretty blue funnel-shaped flowers on a tall leafy stem will recommend themselves from the distinctness of character presented by the plant. Fritillaria armena is a dwarf bulb, with solitary drooping flowers of a lurid purple, more interesting than showy perhaps : and Allium karataviense, from Turkestan, is a re- markable looking Leek, with broad elliptic oblong leaves, and large globose heads of white starry flowers. Crocus etruscus is a very pretty Irid, obtained from Italy, a spring-flower- ing species, with bright lilac-purple flowers, the three outer segments having five feathered lilac stripes down the back ; it was introduced by Mr. G. Maw, who " undertook an expedition to Italy expressly for the purpose of hunting it out." Annuals. We have met with but few new annuals, leav- ing out of view the novelties which are con- stantly appearing in the shape of garden varie- ties, some of which are of great beauty, as, for example, the dwarf Candytufts of MM. Vil- morin and Messrs. Carters new Eschscholtzias. The most interesting which has come under our notice is the Campanula macrostyla, a remark- able flower certainly — broad bell-shaped, and of a purplish rose, having a huge much projecting style, whence the name. It has been compara- tively scarce, and the past season does not appear to have exactly suited it, but it is worth some patient care. Hardy Trees and Shrubs. There is not much to record under this head. Acer platanoides columnaris is a remarkable tree, which appears to have originated in French gardens, and has a straight erect trunk with short densely crowded branches, forming a leafy column. From this description it would appear to have something of the habit of A. Lobelii. Robinia Pseud-Acacia Bessoniana, to which attention has been called in the Revue Horti- co/e, though not new, seems to be little known in comparison with its merits, for it is without doubt one of the handsomest of all the compact growing forms of the False-Acacia, being com- paratively vigorous in development yet always close and symmetrical in outline and fresh in colour, retaining its greenness till late in the autumn. Daphne Blagayana, from the Styrian Alps, is a very pretty dwarf evergreen shrub, with some- thing the aspect of D. coUina, its spreading branches being furnished with small oblongleaves, and terminated by heads of creamy white flowers. The Magnolia stellata, alias M. Halleana, is a neat dwarf deciduous shrub, free flowering, pro- ducing under cover in early spring its pretty white blossoms, like small Water Lilies, which are naturally produced so early as to run great risk of being frost-bitten in exposed places, as is the case with some of its allies. Finally we have the double Syringa vulgaris Lemoinei, which, if Professor Jilorren's figure may be credited, is a really handsome form of the common purple Lilac, from which it differs in having double blossoms. T. Moore. The Frost and the Roads. — "A Lover ot Humanity," writing to the Times, concerning the present tedious and ineffectual method of distributing gravel over the roads, asks why our roads should not be gravelled or sanded in the same way as they are watered, and suggests that without waiting for new carts specially prepared for the purpose, it would be very easy to have holes bored in the flooring of brick carts or others, and then to fill them with sand or very line gravel, which would disperse evenly as they were driven along, thus rendering the roads safe both for men and beasts in a quarter the time, and far more effectually than by the tedious process now pursued. January ii, 1871^.] THR GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 41 New Garden Plants. BuLBorilYLi.UM Beccarii, n. Sp. * This gorgeous Orchid would appear to have been discovered in 1S53 by Mr. Thomas Lobb. A leaf, quite like the materials I have now at hand, was brought home by this excellent traveller, and Mr. Bateman showed it in one of his lectures at the Royal Horticultural -Society. It is now kept in Dr. Lindley's herbarium at Kew. Much later full information about the same thing came to Europe. It was in March, 1S67, when M. Odoardo Beccari found complete materials in Borneo. When I was at Florence the autumn before last I admired those wonderful collections of capital specimens, judicious sketches, preparations in spirits, woods, fruits, all with corresponding numbers, all wonder- fully well kept, though collected 'in the wildest parts of the Malayan and Papuan Archipelago. One of the pets of this excellent collector was this most admirable Orchid. It twines with its mighty stems spirally around trees, and excites the highest interest by its grand leaves. The flowers appear in dense, cylindrical, nodding racemes on very long pedicels. They are equal in width to those of a Bulbophyllum loopardinum. They are light brownish and painted with violet. The l)rown lip has a violet hue ("consputc violacea "). The peduncle itself is rosy with violet lines. It gives me great satisfaction to dedicate this unique Orchid to M. Beccari, the energetic and most suc- cessful traveller. He would be agreeably surprised to see his Bornean friend in flower in Europe. It appears there is good hope for this. The plant has appeared a third time, and is now in our reach. Mr. Bull has been so very lucky and successful as to get it alive. H. G. Rchb.f. POLYSTACHYA RUFINULA, 11. sp.\ A very curious novelty. It is much like the well- known r. luteola. The bulbs are cylindrato- pyriform, being slicklike and only thickened at their base. The bulbs at hand are of very difierent length, up to 2 inches. The narrow, ligulate, bluntish leaves stand in pairs at the time of flowering, the inferior ones having already fallen. Their te.xture is rather thin. The inflorescence at hand is simple and few flowered. As Polystachyas have branched inflorescences in the majority of species it may get branched, though very numerous orchidaceous racemes become never branched, at le.ast not in a normal way. The rhachis is slightly hairy. The flowers have rather long chins. The sepals are of a strong cinnamon-brown outside, greenish inside, washed at the borders with light brown. Petals greenish, with brown tips. Lip light purple over the anterior borders, yellowish over the disk, with a longish ridge and the furfuraceous surface, caused by fragile hairs. Anther yellow, with two brown eye-spots. Column whitish, brown at base and reddish on the anterior androclinium. This comes from Zanzibar, and has just flowered in the collection of Captain J. C. Hincks, Breckenborough, Thirsk, a collection which proves a rich source of rare and new species. H. G. Rchb. f. DISTRIBUTION OF SOUTH AFRICAN PLANTS. The Cape Argus for November 5, 1878, contains a report of an interesting lecture on this subject delivered before the Philosophical Society by Mr. H. Bolus, F.L.S. Mr. Bolus is one of the most active and competent botanists in South Africa, and as his lecture is of interest to botanists and horticulturists alike we here briefly epitomise it. He proposes four regions of vegetation. I. Soulh-Wcstcrn Region, or Region of Heaths. — A tract bounded northward and eastward by the Ceder- bergen, Winterhoeksbergen, Hex River Mountains, Zwartebergen, and Vanstadensbergen, and southward and westward by the sea. It is the home of the ' Bulbpphyltnin Beccarii, n. sp. , H. G. Rchb. f. — Rhizomate radicante validissimo puilicem virilem crasso. dense fibroso, scandente ; foHis subsessihbus ; petiolo articulato brevis'-imo, lamina oblonga obtuse acuta, prope bipedali unum et dimidium seu unum pedem lata : pedunculo basi plurivaginato plurhni- floro, incurvo (semper ?J ; vaginis oblongis acutis ; bracteis lifTulatis acutis ovaria longissime pediceliata non attingentibus. mento ol-tusangulo : sepalis oblongis obtusis hinc parce undu- latis, reflexis ; tepalis angustiortbus curvulis, labello cordate oblongo. columna; utrinque uniaristata ; anthera dorso aspe- rula. — Borneo. ^ Polystachya ru /inula, n. sp.— Pseudobulbis teretiusculo- pyriformibus diphyllis : foliis Iineari ligulatis obtusiuscule Mib- acutis : racemo paucifloro (9 floro), rhachi parce pilosula ; bracteis trian^uhs apice snaceis ovaiia parcisime villosula longe non ^quantibus : sepalo impaii oblongo obtuso acuto ; sepalis paribus inacquali triangulis : in mentum conico-oblusum extensis ; tepalis linearibus acutis : labello unguiculato basi subcordato dilatato antice trifido, laciniis lateralibus lineati- ligulatis obtusis angustis, lacinia mediana producta emarginata lateribus crispula, callo Iineari obtu^o a basi in medium fari- naceo, circumferentia etiani farinacea. — Zanzibar. Col. Hincks. H. G. Rchb./. peculiar Cape shrubby element, the Diosmere, Erica- cex, Bruniacea;, Penaiacere, Proteaceje, and Restia- ceae. The rainfall is regular and mostly in winter, decreasing greatly in quantity northward. There is a general deficiency of trees, forests occurring only in the extreme east of the region. Large tracts of sandy downs occur near the sea-coast on the western side, which are covered with flowers of the greatest variety from June to September. Grassy open downs occur near Caledon, resembling the chalky downs of Sussex, and forming fine sheep-walks. The affinities of the flora are mainly with that of south- west Australia. II. Subtropical Region. — This adjoins the preced- ing region, and interlaces with it at places. It is bounded on the north by the Winterhoek, Zuurberg, Boschberg, and Kagaberg Mountains : and thence across the Queenstown district to the Stormbergen, and along those mountains, the Drakensbergen and Quathlamba, northward. In the districts just named the predominant families of the south-western flora begin gradually to disappear, [and the orders Cap- . paridea^, Malvacece, Begoniaceas, Rubiaceas, Apocyn- acea;, Asclepiadea;, Bignoniacea:, Acanthaceaa, Mus- acere, Cycadea;, and Palmacea;, with many genera of Leguminosa;, make their appearance. The country is much broken by the steep rivers flowing from the mountains to the sea, and their sides are clothed with a dense and often almost impenetrable bush. Dense bushes (or dwarf forests) occur near the Addo, Uitenhage, and lofty forests oh the crown of the Katberg, and in Kaftraria arb'-rescent. Aloes and Euphorbias, w'ilh Encepnalartos and Phcenix re- clinata, give a peculiar aspect to the vegetation. This region is well watered, the rainfall occurring in summer. The affinities of the flora are with that of tropical Africa. III. The Central Region, or Region ojSnceulents. — This is what is known as the Karroo, and stretches from Namaqualand on the west to the great Fish River on the east, being bounded on the north by the Roggeveld, Niemoveld, and Sneuwbergen Mountains, and south by the south-western region. It forms, ex- cluding the western extremity, a dry plain of an average altitude of 2500 feet above the sea. The ramfall ranges from an annual mean of 6 to 15 inches in different parts. But the variations in the same loca- lity are very great. The fall is chiefly in summer, accompanied by thunder-storms. Aspect of the country very mournful, the prevailing vegetation con- sisting of small bushes or succulent plants, with larger shrubs and thorny trees in the ravines and on the mountain-sides. The soil is poorly clad, and large patches of bare dry ground are everywhere appa- rent. The Diosmea;, Ericaceae, Bruniaceae, Proteacece, and Restiacere are unrepresented, being replaced by numerous succulent Ficoideje (Mesembryanthemum), Crassulaceje, Stapelia;, Aloinea; and Euphorbiacea;, Composita;, Asclepiadea;, Apocynacere. There is also a remarkable erect Ipomcea with an immense tuberous underground stem, and Porlulacaria Afra (Spek-boom) is a singular bush, with thick fleshy acid leaves. The Prickly Pear (Opuntia sp., from America) is perfectly naturalised, and is spreading so rapidly as to become a great pest. It grows sociably in sotne places to a height of IS to 20 feet, giving a peculiar aspect to the country. IV. The Upper Region, or Region of Composites.- — This is formed by the upper plateau at an altitude ranging from 4000 to 4500 feet above the sea. It is bounded on the south-east and west by the mountains which form the northern boundary of the central and subtropical regions, and on the north by the Orange River in part, and in part by the southern line of the red sand or conglomerate formation, which runs from 25 to 40 miles south of the Orange River. Its aspect is that of a uniform dreary moor, clothed with dwarf, small-leaved, stunted shrubs, chiefly belonging to the Composita.-. Out of 496 flowering plants collected in this region by Mr. Bolus, 126 or 25.4 per cent, belong to that order. The peculiar plants of the south-west region are almost wholly absent. Succulents are deficient, and the winters are too cold for the Prickly Pear. The subtropical plants of the second region are also sparingly represented. The three chief Composites are Chrysocoma teuuifolia, Eriocephalus glaber, and Euryops asparagoides. There are no trees excepting along the Orange River, where the Willow (Salix capensis) and some species of Rhus fringe the banks. The rainfall is small, though more regular than that of the succulent region. THE FROST AND ITS EFFECTS. In the neighbourhood of London open-air vegeta- tion has, as was generally anticipated, sustained severe injury by the late exceptionally intense cold ; more especially has it left indelible traces on half- hardy evergreen shrubs, which have suffered but little from the effects of the past few winters. Neverthe- less it has taught a practical lesson, besides the many interesting facts which may be gleaned by the observ- ance of the varied constitution of plants, even in the case of closely allied species and those inhabiting almost identical localities. Still it ought not to deter us from replacing the loss, as it will be generally ad- mitted that the amount of enjoyment derived by seeing them luxuriate in the open air during the summer and winters of average severity amply compensates for the loss sustained once in several years. Kew. At Kew, where much is done with regard to test- ing the relative hardiness of tender plants, there is a wide field for observation, but the amount of damage done cannot of course be accurately ascertained at pre- sent, as some plants which are apparently unaffected may reveal signs of injury later on. The following remarks may be useful for comparison with other localities. Australian and New Zealand shrubs appear to be the most severely damaged, for the shrubby Veronicas are quite destroyed, the stems being split by the frost, as in the case of V. Andersoni, speciosa, salicifolia, angustifolia, kermesina, and others, with the exception of V. pinguifolia and V. Traversii, which are unscathed though totally unprotected. Eurybia Traversii, argophylla, and Forsteri are also killed. Sophora tetraptera on a western aspect is much injured ; on a northern apparently dead : the variety micro- phylla does not show much sign of injury at present. All the Coprosmas except Cunninghami are killed, as also Griselina lucida ; but its congener, G. littoralis, is unaffected. Muhlenbeckia complexa and adpressa are much damaged. Clianthus puniceus, Aristotelia racemosa and Macqui are killed back to the stems, also Melaleuca decussata. Olearia Haasti and Gunni are uninjured, also the little Cassinia fulvida{DipIopappus chrysophyllus of some). Callistemon rigidum is severely cut. Pittospovum tenuifolium, even as a standard in the arboretum, is uninjured and apparently as hardy as P Tobira. P. eugenioides is slightly in- jured, and P. undulatum killed. Myoporum la;tum and Macadamia ternifolia are quite dead. The Tasmanian Billardiera longifolia is up to the present unscathed. South American shrubs seem to be hardier, as Ercilla (Bridgesia) spicata is unhurt, Berberidopsis corallina but slightly so. Of the Escallonias, ma- crantha seems to be- hardiest, as it is unhurt ; E. illi- nita is not much damaged, but E. montevidensis, and its near ally, E. floribunda, are fast losing their leaves. Azara Gilliesii is but slightly damaged, whilst A. integrifolia and its variegated form are much blackened. Lippia chamxdrifolia is killed back ; L. citriodora is quite dead ; Embothrium coccineum, protected with a net, is slightly damaged ; Cantua dependens and Mutisia Clematis succumbed to the first severe frost ; also Eupatorium ligustrinum. Des- fontainea spinosa, and Maytenus chilensis are unhurt. Solanum jasminoides, which a few weeks since was very attractive by its profusion of blossom, is severely cut. Lapageria rosea has received protection, there- fore is unhurt. Californian shrubs have withstood it well ; Fremontia californica is slightly nipped. Ribes speciosum, which is just expanding its leaf-buds, is also but slightly injured. Most of the species of Ceanothus were afforded protection. Castanea chry- sophylla is uninjured, also Oreodaphne californica. The Mexican Choisya ternata appears to be much hardier than is generally supposed, as it is unhurt, though not protected. Diplacus glutinosus is severely damaged. Cestrum (Habrothamnus) corymbosum is killed back. Garrya Thuretii (?) is apparently as hardy asG. elliptica. Among Chinese and Japanese in- troductions Viburnum Sandankwa and Awafuki are much damaged, also Rosa bracteata ; Abelia rupestris, Eriobotrya japonica, Olea ilicifolia, Ilex latifolia, but slightly. A small plant of Rhodoleia Championi, from Hong Kong, has the leaves nipped, though pro- tected. The standard CameUias in the Lily beds show no sign of injury, and though profusely set with llower-buds they have not fallen. Of those froin North India Holbrellia latifolia is apparently killed. Pip- tanthus nepalensis, Crata;gus crenulata, Stranva:sia glauca, Cornus capitata, slightly injured. Berberis nepalensis, Euonymus fimbriatus, are unscathed. 42 THE GARDRNERS' CHRONICLE. [January ii, 1879. Vitis tcnuifolius was killed by the first frost. The South European Convolvulus Cneorum received protection, but is injured. The common Myrtle is also much damaged, but the variety mucronata appears hardier, as it has only lost its llower-buds. Bupleurum fruticosum is quite uninjured. Smilax aspera has stood well, being but slightly blackened. Aristolochia altissima and the Carob Bean (Ceratonia Siliqua) appear to be killed, and the European Olive is much damaged. Cistus lierthelotianus and Laurus canariensis, from the Canary Islands, have succumbed. The frost has also wrought much havoc amongst the herbaceous plants, for most of the fine South American Eryngiums arc killed, also many of the Californian Pentstemons. Salvia interrupta is killed, also S. macrostachys. Audibertia grandiflora suc- cumbed to the first frost. The Megasea section of Saxifraga, principally from the Himalaya, are also severely cut, also Francoa sonchifolia, ramosa, and appendiculata. Several of the Hypericums, especially the more shrubby kinds, are killed down. The Japanese grasses, Eulalia japonica aud vars. variegata and zebrina, are also killed back, and several Bambusas and Arundinarias. Some of the Cordyline australis are quite destroyed, whilst others are apparently in good health. Puya chilensis is uninjured, also the variegated form of Vucca aloifolia. Kniphofia (luar- tiniana is quite killed, and the others seem to be much cut, but the little K. MacOwani seems as hardy as any. Neja gracilis and falcata have succumbed, also the Cape Anchusa (A. capensis), and Chamx- peuce diacantha and C. Casabona:. Sarracenia pur- purea is quite uninjured, though unprotected. Another Account. Another correspondent writes : — Kew, on the whole, has suffered but little when compared with places at similar elevations in the immediate neigh- bourhood. The Laurels, Laurustinus, the beautiful golden- leaved Euonymus, Roses, cic, which at places on the Middlesex side of the Thames have been killed by the thousand, are, to all intents and pur- poses, uninjured here. This state of affairs may probably be accounted for by the nature of the soil, that of Kew being nearly everywhere of a dry, sandy nature, the gravelly substratum often coming very near the surface. Generally speaking, the Australian and New Zealand plants seem to have suffered most. The Australian Pittosporum undulatum, as a wall plant, IS killed, and the New Zealand P. tenuifolium slightly damaged ; in the open shrubbery this latter species is severely injured. Among New Zealand and Tasmanian plants which are killed outright are Griselinia lucida, Eurybia argophylla (the silver-leaved Musk tree), Cordyline australis, Coprosma Baueriana, and other species (C. Cunninghami being apparently the only one which has escaped with life), and Aristotelia racemosa. Muhlenbeckia adpressa is much damaged, whilst Sophora microphylla, S. tetraptera var. grandiflora, and Clianthus puniceus, are but slightly affected so far. The beautiful New Zealand Veronicas have fared very badly ; a very interesting fact connected with these, is that while the species with large leaves and the garden hybrids of similar habit, such as V. angustifolia, V. kermesina, V. salicifolia, and V. Andersoniana, are quite killed, or very seriously crippled even in sheltered spots on the walls, the small-leaved, neat-growing kinds, as represented by V. Traversii and V. pinguifolia, has-e escaped scot-free in exactly similar positions, the two species just named being totally uninjured even in thoroughly open spots in the outside borders. The following Australian plants may be numbered among the slain : — Eurybia Traversii, Myoporum l.x'tum, Melaleuca decussata, Callistemon rigidus. Eucalyptus globulus, and the Queensland Nut, iSIacadamia terni- folia. The blue-berried Apple-berry, from Tasmania, Billardiera longillora, has proved itself capable of withstanding a considerable amount of cold, and that without any shelter except what is afforded by the wall to which it is trained. The large Eucalyptus polyanthemos seems perfectly uninjured. ¥.. globulus is, if not altogether killed, at any rate very much cut back. Another Eucalyptus, standing in a rather open spot' in one of the old plantations, where it has probably been for the last quarter of a century or more, seems not at all affected. This specimen flowered profusely a few seasons back. Leaving the Antipodes and coming to natives of the Mediterranean region, we have to record several casualties. The St. John's Bread, Ceratonia Siliqua, Laurus canariensis, Myrica Fayn, Ccanothus africa- nus, Aristolochia altissima, Pistacia atlantica, and Rhodocistus Bertholetianus are among those which have suffered most severely, all being, if not quite killed, so much damaged as to probably prevent their ever recovering the shock they have sustained. Cneorum tricoccum has been badly cut. Convolvulus Cneorum and Bupleurum fruticosum, on the other hand, not exhibiting any ill effects. The Olive, Olea curopxa, has been rather damaged, the young shoots away from the wall being killed. The variegated form of the common Myrtle has fallen a victim to the frost, but the normal green one has received no more injury than that sustained by a solitary Sweet Bay in a somewhat bleak spot. Myrtus mucronata, too, has proved itself even more hardy than the common M. europa^a, having received no further injury than the destruction of its numerous flower-buds. This seems another instance of a small-leaved plant possessing greater power of resisting cold than its larger-leaved relations. By the way, the Kew specimen of this variety has a particular kind of interest : it was struck from a flowering spray which had graced the bouquet 6f a royal bride. (3f all the Himalayan shrubs which are now to be found in the open air here none appear to have been so badly used as Holboellialatifolia, the long climbing shoots of which seem quite killed back to the main stems. Cornus capitata (Benthamia fragifera) and Thea assamica exhibit marks of injury, whilst Piptanthus nepalensis, Stranvtesia glaucescens and Euonymus fimbriatus on the walls, and Skimmia Laureola and several Rhododendrons, R. campylo- carpum, R. glaucum, R. ciliatum, and R. virgatum among the number, in the open shrubbery borders, are apparently not injured in the slightest degree. The plants from China and Japan have, as a rule, stood remark.ably well. Quercus phillyreoides, Q. glabra and Othera japonica are totally untouched in the open ground, and that peculiar spring shrub, Triphasia trifoliata, has only had a few leaves browned. Nandina domestica, both in the open shrubbery and on the walls, has received but equally slight injury. Illicium anisatum and L religiosum seem to feel quite as much at home in sheltered spots in the open as they do on the wall, in both places they have been but slightly touched. The Camellias (large plants) in the pleasure grounds have escaped with the exception of one with variegated foliage, the whitest leaves being altogether browned and the others merely affected where the colour, or rather lack of colour, occurred. Viburnum Awafuki, in the general collection, has stood the frost just as well as a plant on a well-sheltered wall ; and V. .Sandankwa, in a remarkably cosy spot on the wall in question, shows only a few browned leaves. The latter species seems the hardier of the two. The fine deciduous kinds have most likely not been injured in any way. On the walls, Fatsia japonica, the Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), Olea ilicifolia, and Kadsura japonica (the latter, though, receiving the shelter of a mat during severe frost), are in perfect health ; and in a well- sheltered spot in the private portion of the gardens is a plant of Trachelospermum jasminoides, which does not appear to be at all affected, although it has not been covered up in any way. Olea japonica and O. fragrans are both slightly touched ; they are evidently much less robust than O. ilicifolia. The three fine specimens of Fortune's, Fan Palm, Chamre- rops Fortune!, near the grand entrance, have so far withstood the cold. From the region comprising Chili aud Peru, many beautiful and interesting plants have not been at all injured. All are planted against walls, except when otherwise stated. Evidently the hardiest are Em- bothrium coccineum, Maytenus chilensis, Desfontainea spinosa, Ercilla spicata, and Eugenia Ugni. Ber- beridopsis corallina and Lapageria rosea, in company with the Trachelospermum before mentioned, are un- touched, although they have not received the shelter of a mat, which was accorded to another specimen of Bcrberidopsis in a less sheltered position ; the leaves of the latter, in spite of that shelter, have been some- what browned. In the open border an entire group of plants has been quite killed. Cantua dependens and Duvaua dependens have quite gone, and Drimys Winter! has suffered slightly. Aristotelia Maqui and Solanum crispum in the open borders arc considerably injured, and S. jasminoides on walls of various aspects is also much hurt. Of all the Azaras the hardiest seems to be the gracefiil A. microphylla. Next in hardiness comes A. Gilliesii — grown in some nur- scric.i under the name of .V. crassilolia — which, with the exception of its catkin-like flower-spikes, quite blackened, has not suffered much. A. dentata is cut badly, and A. integrifolia, side by side in the open border with those just mentioned, looks as if it had l)cen dipped in boiling water. Even on a wall it has been Iiadly cut back. The Escallonias have fared rather badly. E. montevidensis and E. floribunda are seriously damaged, even though protected by mats and in the open border, where well surrounded by Laurels ; these two are killed, as is also E. pulveru- lenta. E. illinita has suffered in all positions. E. macrantha and E. pterocladon are the two species which have most successfully passed through the ordeal. There is evidently great variation in the climate of our tight little island. A correspondent at p. 16 tells us that the snow had disappeared in Mid- dlesex on Sunday, the 29th ultimo. Now, on the following day, while travelling from Birkenhead, I found snow in the surrounding country from there to Crewe some 2 or 3 inches deep ; from Crewe to a few miles beyond Stafford it gradually dis- appeared. I ascertained that in the district alluded to some 10 or 12 inches of snow had fallen, while here, in a midland county (Warwick), we had some 4 inches only, and the greatest amount of frost 28° on the night of Christmas Eve. It would be interesting to know if the depth of snow is co-existent with a corresponding amount of frost ; if so, it shows the wise provision Nature has made for its protective influence. Owing to our comparative immunity from se\ere frost during the past few years, I am afrairl our hoary visitor caught many of us napping ; but during the short respite it was some consolation to see so few things injured, in the way of trees and shrubs. The Conifers appear to have escaped unscathed. The Araucarias were looking as green and healthy as pre- viously. I could observe none of the rusty tinge which the stinging frosts of i860 to 1861 left on this noble tree. I fear it is "all up " with our friend the Blue Gum, for on examining the foliage and wood with a knife it was something like cutting through soddened leather. This will be a great dis- appointment to many who hoped to get this recent introduction firmly established among our choice trees. I am inclined to think the fruit-buds have sustained no injury, but on the con- trary that both wood and buds will derive uuich benefit from the thorough cleansing of scale and other pests which of late years have established a footing among our fruit trees. The unprotected Cauliflowers are completely destroyed ; not so the Broccolis, they look healthy and well euj-eloped in their blanket of white — their natural protection. While writing, we are getting a second edition with a vengeance ; what the eft'ect of this may be remains to be proved, but I trust we shall have little to complain about, and much to be grateful for, in having again a seasonable winter of the good old sort. J. y. B. ■ Camellias and Indian Azaleas here are looking as well as they did in June ; they are loaded with buds, and even small plants a foot high are in perfect health and vigour. We continue to plant them about the grounds whenever we find space. Olea fragrans is also looking extremely well, and is not at all injured by the frost. The young plants of Eucalyptus are not injured, for though a few of the tips of the younger leaves are a little curled, the plants are as yet quite safe. Thomas Stcumrl, Gr., Glen Eyre, Sotithanipton. The humble Violet has been a considerable sufi'erer through the l.ate severe weather. The leaves have been greatly destroyed, the crowns exposed, and the bloom checked. At this time Last year, thanks to the mildness of the season, a few blooms were always to be had, and the grower could look from vs'eek to week for something to bring back from market the humble shillings. Now there is not the least jirospect of a flower lieing ready to gather for weeks, and when they are the leaves that are essential for bunching will be s.adly lacking. The Violet season will be a short one, and will result in a glul. This is not by any means the desire of the grower, for a glut means a price so low as to render the floral crop almost unprofit.able. It is a curious fact that the Wallflowers have so entirely escaped dam.age, and look so well, an exemption w hich one grower attri- buted to the snow, but if such was the case it is remarkable that the \'iolcts, which were much more "■ully ]>rotected, should have so considerably suftcred. TaM'AUV I I, 1S70.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 43 J is perhaps a fact, although the suggestion is made vh due deference, that the fine dry October which l^ped to harden and strengthen the Wallflowers had \; diverse effect upon the Violets, that it checked ; production of robust foliage, the best natural pro- itionforthe blooming crowns. Again, November .■i, though fairly open, 5'et exceedingly gloomy and iJ, and this served to keep the Violets leafless, /ilst it prevented the undue pushing of Wallflower 30ms. We have heard it remarked that the past i autumn proved singularly uncongenial to the jwth of the Wheat plant, and that its germination \ longer than has been previously noticed. Iservers might perchance have seen in this the fore- t of the severe weather that followed. Its mention, vever. serves to show perhaps more effectively than sen in garden plants how diverse might have been effects produced by a cold autumn on sweet spring rers. A. D., ll\-st Middh-scx. The leaves of Periwinkle and St. John's Wort just as if they had been parboiled. Bays, common irel, Aucubavariegata, Leycesteria, white Azaleas, mircrops sinensis, Daphnes, Laurustinus, and iccoli (and I fear a good many Rhododendron s), are all injured. The snow here was 4 inches p, and the gardens are very much protected by iduous trees. Edward IVard, Gr. to Lord IVindsor, Vci Grange, Bronisgrove. — I am happy to say that the Palms (Cha- rops Fortunei) growing in the open air here hout protection are unscathed, and looking as 1 as they usually do at Midsummer. I fear all Australian Draccenas will succumb. All the nts were tied up with matting, and the older nts— six and eight years old— are all yet alive, but ; very unhappy, whilst the younger plants are ady dead to the ground line. I do not think any he Blue Gums are killed outright, but most of n will die back to the ground line. The largest Its are from 25 to 30 feet high, and at present e seem only to have suffered at the extreme tips he shoots. Our lowest temperature (8') occurred nidnight on Christmas Eve. The heavy rains ast week have saturated all vegetation, and the md also being full of water, the sharp frost we now experiencing nightly is doing serious injury roccoli and kitchen garden crops generally. IV. 'dsinith, Heckfidd, Hants, Jan. 7. Although the presentwinter(lS7S-7g)has not as been nearly so severe as that of 1859-60, I think we 1 find the present one more destructive in its effects ngst timber, iStc. I well remember the memor- Christmas morning of 1S60 when we had the mometer 14" below zero [?]. I had then charge le houses at a large place in Dumbartonshire, and not an opportunity of making such an inspection have at present amongst timber trees. Here the ruction of timber is something fearful. Trees 1 not small ones) some up to 2 feet 10 inches in iieter, and others even larger, are to be met with at ost every turn in the park, as well as in the woods. Ash, Spanish Chestnut, Sycamore, and many id Oaks are split from almost the top to the om of the stem, into three, and in many instances quarters, and the whole completely spoiled as re- s timber for use. Some may say this is only the in what we call " shaky " trees, but many are to ound with not the slightest traces of this. iMy don is that we experienced such a very mild imn that the sap had not returned ; hence the t cause of the trees bursting. We shall also hear eat deal about the so-called disease amongst the :h, in my opinion "Jack Frost" is the principal e of it all. I shall be much interested to hear if ther quarters the same incidents have happened le same varieties, &c. Amongst other plants we 1 have a great mortality, although as yet we e only had 28' of frost (this we had several Its), and the whole of the daytime we had from to 23'. This was even worse than in 1S60, for 1 the thermometer only remained so low for a few rs in the morning, soon rising to I7^ I fully eve we shall find this the more severe of the two ; rever, time will show. Again, on the 28th of last ith the rain for a long time fell in perfect torrents, . the following morning we had 25° of frost, all Its here being covered with ice and icicles. My i, the Roses, I am afraid to look at, although they well cared for. Such charming varieties as France, Baroness Rothschild, and Comteses d'Oxford, already look black and worthless. Marechal Niel still holds good, and should a change take place soon, which I trust it may, all will be well with him, although he is in some quarters rather exposed. Hardy Heaths are cut to the ground. Some grand and very old specimens of the Golden (Jueen Holly look much cut up, and even the Ivy, particularly the Irish, looks much damaged. Since writing the above, the carpenter informs me that a very large Oak has burst in the park near his cottage, and he describes the noise as being like the sound of a cannon in the distance. Roht. Craig;'' Lcvcns Hall, Westmoreland, Jan. 8. THE DISEASES OF HYACINTHS. A NOTICE has lately been given in the Gardeners^ Chronicle of Dr. Sorauer's German paper on the diseases of Hyacinths, which induces me to offer a few observations on this paper from the Dutch Hya- cinth growers' point of view When Dr. Sorauer says that the annual produce of Hyacinths is decreas- ing yearly in consequence of disease, it cannot be understood otherwise than that the writer considers this to be a general rule, not only in Berlin, but in Haarlem also. As far as Haarlem is concerned, how- ever, the inference is not correct. The principal diseases of Hyacinths known at Haarlem are three, viz., the ring disease, the black rot, and the white rot, but although these diseases from time to time have made ravages among cultivated Hyacinths, the number of bulbs grown increased yearly in Hol- land up to 1877. The calamity which so much injured Hyacinth culture in May, 1877, and, although on a much inferior scale, again at the end of April of 1878, seems to be of quite a different character from the above-named diseases. By these calamities the general stock of Hyacinths suffered so much, that it probably did not increase during these two years, but remained at about the same total number. There is, however, much reason to think that the usual yearly increase will again take place in the future, if such an unusual calamity does not recur next spring. As for the Berlin Hyacinths, Dr. Sorauer tells us that it is said that there are sold 1,500,000 Hyacinth bulbs annually at Berlin. This may be true, but it is prob- able that among these there is a great number of Dutch bulbs, as there is annually a regular and very considerable export of Hyacinth bulbs from Holland to Berlin. Good Dutch growers will never send out a Hyacinth bulb without inspecting it carefully to see if it is affected with either of the above-named diseases. If disease is found in a bulb sent out from Holland, usually the reason of it will be, that at the moment it was packed the disease was not sufficiently deve- loped to cause it to be recognised by the methods of examination in use at Haarlem, and of which that for the ring disease is described by Dr. Sorauer. In Holland, up to the present time, only pure cow- dung has been used as manure for Hyacinths. It is not proved that the greater or less quantity of it used has influenced the c'isease to a greater or less extent. Dr. .Sorauer supposes that the strongest growing bulbs are niost subject to the disease : that may be so in ex- ceptional cases, but it cannot be considered as the rule. Dr. .Sorauer supposes tha.t the practice of cutting off the flowers is one of the causes of disease : I cannot allow this. If the cutting is done prudently, without injuring the leaves, as is the case in Holland, experi- ence proves that it does no harm at all, but it is, on the contrary, considered to do much good in the pre- vention of other diseases. It would in many instances be injurious to the bulbs to keep them in the ground till the leaves and roots have totally died off, as Dr. .Sor.auer proposes. The method followed in Holland is to cover the big bulbs, after they have been taken up, with earth or sand, and to lot them remain thus for eight or ten days before storing them in the magazines, and it has proved successful. The diseases named above are in Holland generally either confined to a particular locality or to one or more varieties. Apparently under the same circum- stances one locality, or some varieties, will suffer from them, and others not. Some varieties are known to be specially subject to injury by ring disease, others by black rot, others, again, by white rot. In such cases it may occur that such varieties in some locali- ties arc nearly totally lost by the disease, while other varieties, planted close to them, are not injured at all. It is very desirable that more accurate obser- vations based upon scientific research should be made, to clear up many points yet dark in the history of bulb diseases in general and that of the Hyacinth in particular. Such observations and researches would be best undertaken in Holland, where the material is at hand to carry them out thoroughly. In Holland the cultivation of Hyacinths is brought to greater perfection than elsewhere, con- sequently there is no risk that conclusions would be built on inferior grown material. Meanwhile Dr. Sorauer has earned the warm thanks of the bulb cultivators, for having, although at a great distance from the growing place, and notwithstand- ing great difficulties in making his observations, tried to advance the knowledge of Hyacinth diseases a step further. J. H. A'relage, Haarlem, January 3. EXHIBITION OF WORKS BY THE OLD MASTERS. This exhibition, which opened to the public at the Royal Academy on Monday last, is of more than usual excellence. These annual exhibitions (taken now with the exhibition of similar works at the Grosvenor Gallery) show what a very large number of magnificent paintings by the Old Masters there must be in the various galleries of this country. It is almost impossible for any single individual to visit all the private collections of Great Britain, therefore these yearly London exhibitions of works by deceased masters present a most valuable opportunity to art lovers for becoming acquainted with a series of first- class masterpieces. It commonly happens that one only knows certain great works of art by the )3ub- lished engravings, and it is often surprising what a difference there is between the original painting and its engraved counterpart. This is well seen in 15, Fuseli's well-known work of " The Nightmare," the painting being a far better work than is indicated by the engraving ; in some instances the engraver refines the original, whilst in other instances the refinement of work and feeling on the painter's side is more or less lost by the engraver. Gallery No. 1 is remarkable for a series of good Morlands, a Constable or two, and works by Gainsborough, Hogarth, and Reynolds. Passing to Gallery No. 2 one may pause for a moment to admire the beauty of the execution of the painting in "The Eve of the Deluge," 56, Jan Brueghel, but anything more absurd than the whole placid conception of the scene, with the little ark in the distance and its board for ascent, could not be. 58 is a fruit subject by Cornelius de Heem, "Grapes, Plums, and Apricots." The picture also contains Peaches, Medlars, and a Melon, all remarkably well executed. The exhibition contains some unusually large works by Snyders, one of lesser size being found in gS, " .Still Life," a boldly executed group of poultry and fruit. Gallery No. 3 contains three very fine works (lent by Sir William Fitz- Herbert and J. Ormaston, Esq.) by Murillo, works well known by the published engravings. These are the "St. Francis of Assisi, " "The Magdalen, " and ' ' The Assumption." This room also contains many fine works by Vand)'ke, Rubens, Reynolds, Bassano and others. In gallery No. 4 there is a large and instructive collection of works by the early Italian masters ; these are mostly conventional, architectural and decorative in character, Greek, Byzantine, Tuscan, unknown, &c. As studies of the development of art from very early times these works possess great interest. It will be observed how most of these pictures are marred by the big, ugly, and ignorantly designed frames. Here we have pictures of the utmost possible refinement and most marked archi- tectural character put into the most wretched, flashy, and massive gilt frames — frames that would disgrace the commonest makers of the Curt.ain Road. In 185, a Triptych by Tommaso di .Stefano, the frame is so vicious in design that no one with any architectural knowledge can approach the picture without feeling angry. Most of the early Italian pictures in the National Gallery are similarly defaced and injured. It is a most extraordinary thing that our art- directors should allow these valuable works to be placed in settings evidently contrived by the most ignorant of men. A lesson has been before our authorities for many years in the chaste and proper frames always found with the pictures exhibited by ,\lma-T.idema, and a few other artists. 205, " The Virgin and Child," and " St, 44 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January ii, 1879. .I? John and Angels," Alessio Balilovinetti. In this a large number of plants are introduced, but they are all more or less imaginary and unnatural. Gallery No. 1; contains a large and almost astounding pictiu-c of a life-size (or more than life-size) grey horse, seen in profde, by James Ward, and four very large and characteristic pictures by Francis Snyders, lent by the Duke of Newcastle ; these pictures are termed " Market Pieces," and represent immense groups of poultry, fish, joints of meat, crabs, lobsters, &c. Vegetables and fruits are represented in Carrots, Radishes, Onions, Jerusalem Artichokes, Celery, Quinces, Gourds, &c., not forgetting a basket of large, rank and brown horse-mushrooms ; as some of these latter are represented with thick fibrous roots, they could hardly have been taken from illustrations to the "Inferno." 125, "Two studies of the Virgin and Child and St. John ; " Raphael. These are studies of the nude for the well-known "Madonna del Cardellino," of the Uffizi Gallery at Florence. 139, Study of a head of an Apostle in the cartoon of "The Death of Ananias," now at South Kensington. This study strikes us as being superior to the head in the cartoon itself In Gallery No. 9 are other drawings by Raphael and Michael Angcio, and a remarkable collection of por- traits by Holbein. Many of these latter heads arc described in the catalogue as being executed in " black chalk," but many are not even touched with "black chalk," the dark lines all being black colour carefully lined in with a brush ; this fact is well marked in 217 and 220. The large and important life-size figure of Henry VII. is labelled on the picture "india-ink," whilst the catalogue says "black FLOWER GARDENING STOKE ROCHFORD. AT I From amongst the many fine examples of bedding. out that cattle under our notice last year, we reeall with pleasure the artistic and most effective displ made by Mr. Dell at Stoke Rochford, the coi residence of Christopher Turner, Esq., near G: ham. The space at our disposal just now d permit us to enter into any lengthy details respect to the style and subjects employed in the ation of the whole of the flower garden, but wi assistance of a photograph, a grourd plan and tional drawing, kindly placed at our disposal " Dell, we will endeavour to give our reader Fig. 4,— plan and section oI'" flower-bed at stoke rochford. Nature. Gallery No. 7 is devoted to miniatures ahd drawings, the place of honour being given to a highly- finished and most beautiful drawing by Michael Angelo, for the well-known figure of " Dawn " upon the tomb of Lorenzo de Medici. This room contains a great number of beautiful drawings by Correggio, Caracci, Titian, and Parmigiano. Gallery No. 8 is exceedingly rich in original drawings and sketches by Raphael and Lionardo da Vinci, mostly lent by Her Majesty the Queen and the University of Oxford. In III, " Study for the Figure of Poetry on the ceiling of the Stanza della Segnatura of the Vatican," Raphael, it will be seen by the indentations in the paper that the .artist carefully drew a nude figure before he introduced the lines of the drapery. 113, by the same artist, "Study for the Meads of Homer, Virgil, and Dante." On looking at the head of D.ante, as here drawn, one sees in a moment the deep gulf that lies between Raph.iel and Dore, judg- ing from the large heads of " Dante," given in Dore's chalk ''—the lining is really Isruhh-work with ink and not chalk. \Ve cannot possibly tind room for a notice of all the works in this fine collection, so will p.ass on to Gallery 10, where, amongst other things, there is a "Study of a Pine-apple," by J. M. \V. Turner, R.A., one of the worst things we have ever seen ; the Pine-.apple, too, has a proliferous top. In this gallery there is a series of studies by John Flaxman, which latter, with the studies by the same artist in the Grosvenor Gallery close by, make a very good collection indeed. The Rainfall in the Island [of Jersey. — A corresponilent of the Ti:i:cs gives the following measurement of rainfall in the island of Jersey, from January t to December 31, 187S : — "January, 3.20 in.; February, 2.36 in. ; March, 1.86 in. ; April, 3.SS in. ; May, 4.o6in. ; June, 2.i4in. ; July, 2.22 in. ; August, 3.91 in. ; .September, 2.iSin. ; October, 6.43 in. ; November, 8.38 in. ; December, 5.38 in. : total, 46 in. idea of the planting .and general efiecl of one most beautiful tlower-beds that can well be com A view of the circular bed in question will in lig. 5, and the plan and section in fig. 4. Il tion in the garden is in that portion which adjoil conservatory, .and its measurement in diameter is30fcell The central object on the summit, \v (see plan), wjsit specimen of Cordyline indivisa, i,\ feet high, sur. ; rounded in T w ith a mixed assortment of beddini ' plants of all kinds, and the corner circles, marked ^ planted wilhwell-de\eIoped specimens of Chama'peuci diacantha. The scolloped slope next below w.as foniie>' with a line at the top, N, of the silver viriegate> Thyme, and at the bottom, L, with the Golden Feathc Pyrcthrum, with sloping lines between, J, of Echc veria glauca filled in in alternate scollops with 1 Sedum Lydium, and R, Sedum acre variegatum ; In! circles at the points marked A being occui>ied «'il well-furnished plants of Cordyline indivisa, carpets January u, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 45 with Mentha Pulegium gibraltarica, and those marked E with large plants of Echeveria metallica, ibout 15 inches high, also carpeted with the little Mentha. The circles marked F (on the level) were ill occupied with fine bushy plants, about iS inches nigh, of Acacia lophantha, encircled with a band of tresine Herbstii ; the carpeting plants filling the fomainder of the sections being alternately, H, Alter- iianthera paronychioides major, and I, Mescnibryan- hciiium cordifoliuiii variegatuni. Then follows mother scolloped slope planted in lines, with the scol- ops divided off at the angles with lines, N, of Alter- lanlhera paronychioides major. The line at the top, \i, is the same all round, and composed of the golden variegated Thyme ; and the one at the bottom, L, of The great beauty of the bed consisted in its well- balanced proportions, its elegant outline, and its rich and harmonious colouring, entirely destitute of glare — qualities which go very far to compensate for the objection often raised to this style of gardening on the score of formality and artificiality. The large expanse of green turf which forms the setting of this gem secures the requisite idea of " repose," without which such beds are apt to be offensive to the eye of taste. In winter the form of the bed remains the same, and the hardier plants retain their positions, while small Conifers and other evergreens take the place of such of the summer occupants as are too tender to remain out ; so that at all seasons it forms a most attractive object, and reflects the greatest credit on its designer and planter, Mr. Dell. generally are concisely alluded to in the following notice by Ur. Gilbert, and for permission to repro- duce which, together w.ith the portrait on p. 49, we are indebted to the Editor of the Agriciillural Gazette : — Jean Baptiste Boussingault was born in Paris, in 1802. He received his scientific education at the School of Mines of St. Etienne ; and in the laboratory if that institution he conducted his first original investigation, the results of which were published in 1S21. Soon after this, that is, when he was still little over twenty years of age, Boussingault went out to Columbia, South America, as mining engineer, and became director of some mines for an English company. I'H:. 5. — h rl,0\VEli-l!ED AT STOKE ROCHl'OKL), the Golden Feather Pyrethrum. The intervening lines, counting from the top, were planted with, K, AUernanthera paronychioides ; then two lines, j, of Echeveria glaucn, followed by another one, K, of the last mentioned AUernanthera. From the line L of Golden Feather to the margin is all on the level. The circles c were filled with large plants of ICchevcria metallica, encircled with Mentha Pulegium gibraltarica, lines of which led to the smaller circles K, of the same plant, and the whole filled in alter- nately with, I, Mesenibryanthemum cordifolium variegatum and s, AUernanthera amabilis. The circles, D, in the outer ring were composed of plants, about 9 inches high, of I'achyphytum bracteosum ; and the lines of (J) Echeveria glauca, (l) Pyrethrum Golden Feather, (v) two of AUernanthera parony- chioides major, (i.) Pyrethrum Golden Feather again, and the outer one (o) of a broad band of Sedum hispanicum. BOUSSINGAULT. Amoxg those who by their chemical researches have thrown the greatest amount of light upon the problems of vegetable physiology, there are few indeed who can be placed in the same rank as the subject of this notice. His researches on the respira- tory and assiniilatory functions of plants are among the most conclusive proofs of doctrines upon which the whole fabric of the physiology of the leaf depends. The absorption and dismemberment of carbonic acid under the influence of sunlight, and the consequent elimination of oxygen — the proof that plants do not absorb directly free nitrogen from the air, large as is the quantity contained in it — are car- dinal facts in physiology, and for their substantiation we are very largely indebted to Boussingault. His very numerous and comprehensive researches in various points of plant-nutrition and agricultural chemistry There he remained for alioul ten years, during which time he published many papers, chiefly on metallur- gical or mineralogical subjects. But before leaving home he had received valuable suggestions as to the points deserving observation from A. von Flumboldt, whose notice he had already attracted, and to whom, in the form of letters, many of his after- wards published communications were made. Not- withstanding the direction given to his energies by his technical education and engagements, his natural bent soon showed itself, and w-e find him making observations on the meteorology and the vegetation of the regions he visited. In regard to his contribu- tions to science whilst in South America, Hum- boldt speaks of him as having enriched chemistr)-, meteorology, astronomy, and geography, with a number of precious works. Boussingault also, with his friend. Colonel Hall, took part in the War of Independence, and showed as much courage in 46 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January ii, battle as energy in scientific pursuits. After spending ten years in Soutli America Boussingault returned to P'rance, and was appointed Professor of Chemistry at Lyons, wliere he conducted an investigation into the compositiou of the atmosphere. He married the sister of a former fellow-student at .St. Etienne, M. Lebel ; and, by his marriage, Ijecame joint pro- prietor, with his brother-in-law, of the now famous estate of Beclielbronn, in Alsace, which, besides a large farm, included a mine of bitumen. M. Lebel, besides being a chemical manufacturer, was also a very intelligent practical farmer who was accustomed to use the balance for the weighing of manures, crops, and cattle. Here, then, was associated "practice with science," and it was under these favourable, not to say indispensable conditions, that the first labora- tory on a farm was established, and the first agri- cultural experimental station was founded. From this time forward Boussingault generally spent about half the year in Paris, and the other half in Als.ace ; and has continued his scientific labours, sometimes in the city, and sometimes in the country, up to the present time. His first important contribu- tion to agricultural chemistry was made in 1836, when he published a paper on the quantity of nitro- gen contained in different foods, and on the equiva- lents of the foods, founded on the amounts of nitrogen they contained, which he determined in a large series of such matters ; and he compared the results so arrived at with the estimates of others founded on actual experience. Although his original conclusions have, probably, undergone some modifi- cation, the work of itself marked a great advance on previously existing knowledge and modes of viewing the subject. In 1837 Boussingault published papers on the amount of gluten in different kinds of Wheat, on the influence of the clearing of forests on the diminution of the flow of rivers, and on the meteorological influences affecting the culture of the Vine. In 183S he published the results of an elaborate research on the principles underlying the value of a rotation of crops ; he determined by analysis the composition, both organic and mineral, of the manures applied to the land and of the crops harvested ; and in his treat- ment of the subject he evinced a clear perception of the most important problems involved in such an inquiry ; some of which, with the united labours of himself and many other workers, have scarcely yet received an undisputed solution. Thus, in the same year he published the results of an investigation on the question whether plants assimilate the free or uncombined nitrogen of the atmosphere ; and although the analytical methods of the day were inadequate to the decisive settlement of the point, his conclusions were in the main those which much subsequent work of his own, and much of others also, has served to confirm. As a further element of the question of the chemical statistics of a rotation of crops, Boussingault determined the amount and composition of the resi- dues of the crops, and also the amount of constituents, consumed in the food of a cow and a horse, and yielded in the milk and excrements of the cow, and in the excrements of the horse. Here, again, the exigencies of the investigation he undertook were beyond the reach of the known methods of the time. Indeed, rude as the art of agriculture is generally considered to be, the scientific elucidation of its practices requires the most refined, and very varied, methods of research, dealing as the subject does with the chemistry of the atmosphere, of meteoric and other waters, of the soil, of vegetation, and of animal life ; and a characteristic of the work of Boussingault may be said to be that he has frequently had to devise methods suited to his purpose before he could grapple with the problems before him ; and in this way he has made valuable contributions to analytical chemistry. In 1839, chiefly in recognition of his important contributions to agricultural chemistry, Boussingault w.as elected a member of the Institute. Thus, before 1840, the date of the first .appearance of Liebig's memorable work, Boussingault liad covered much of the ground, and there can \x no doubt that many of the important facts established by his researches served as the basis for much of Liebig's brilliant generalisations. This led to the publication, in 1841, by Dumas and Boussingault jointly, of an essay, which was afterwards translated into English, and published in this country under the title of The Chemical ami Physiological Balance of Organic Nature. In 1843 Boussingault published a larger worli, which embodied the results of many of his own previous original investigations. This also was trans- lated, and published in this country under the title of Rural Economy in its Relations with Chemistry, Physics, and Meteorology. A second edition of this book. Economic Rurale, appeared in France in 1857, but it was not translated into English. Although Boussingault's .attention has been by no means limited to subjects bearing upon agriculture, by far the greater number of his researches have had relation to the problems which it suggests. Thus, the amount and condition of the combined nitrogen in the atmosphere, in the aqueous depositions from it, in rivers and springs, and in the soil, have been investigated. The amounts of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, &c., in different manuring substances have been determined, and their comparative values estimated accordingly. The question of whether or not plants assimilate the free nitrogen of the air has again and again been taken up, the weight of the evidence always serving to confirm the conclusion that they do not. Very recently, too, he has made experiments in regard to some functions of the leaves of plants. Lastly, in the sphere of animal chemistry, he has from time to time devoted himself to the elucidation of important points, such as the sources in the food of the fat of the fattening animal, the assimilation of mineral constituents, the question whether any of the nitrogen of the food or of the animal is exhaled, and so on. In 1848 Boussingault, who was in politics a mode- rate Republican, was elected a member of the Assemblce Nationale, and he was for a short time member of the Conseil d'Etat. In 1S51, however, he was, on account of his political opinions, dismissed by the Government from his position of Professor at the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers ; but on the representations of scientific friends of eminence and authority, and the threat of his colleagues to resign in a body, he was reinstated. When, in the commencement of the Franco- German war, the Crown Prince of Prussia had crossed the Rhine into Alsace, some of the soldiers bivouacked in the woods of Bechelbronn, and some of the officers were quartered in Boussingault's house, the old Convent of Liebfrauenberg. Some time afterwards Boussingault received a letter from one of those ofticers, saying that, finding in whose house they were, and having the highest respect for its scientific owner, he had done his best, he hoped successfully, to prevent any injury being done, especially to the laboratory. He further expressed a hope that Bous- singault would find nothing missing, except a ther- mometer, which he had himself presumed to take as a memorial. Boussingault's first scientific contribution appeared in 1821, and in the Royal Society's Catalogue of .Scientific Papers there is given a list of 150 pub- lished by hnn from that date to 1873 inclusive; besides a number published jointly with others. Last year, 1878, the Council of the Royal Society awarded the Copley Medal, the highest honour at their disposal, to Boussingault, for his numerous and varied contributions to science, but especially for those relating to agriculture. The presentation of the medal took place at the anniversary meeting of the .Society, on Saturday, November 30. The veteran investigator, though still happily .as vigorous as could be expected at the age of 76, but suffering from recent domestic bereavement, felt unable to be pre- sent to receive the reward in person, but it was trans- mitted to him, with the assurances of the appreciation of English scientific men, by the Foreign Secretary of the Society. It will perhaps excite surprise, that such considerable and long-continued services have not been earlier so recognised. But the characteristic modesty of the man, the scrupulously matter-of-fiKl, and unexaggeratcd style in which he has put forward his results, and the circumstance that they have so largely had reference to agriculture, have doubtless led to their receiving less notice than they would otherwise have done, from men of science not specially interested in that subject, though those engaged in the same sphere of labour as himself have held them deservedly in the highest possible estima- tion. Almost the whole, if not the whole, of the results of Boussingault's investigations relating to .agricul- tural chemistry will be found recorded in his work entitled .Agronomic, Chimic Agricok et Physiologic, published in five volumes, the first in 1S60, and the liflh in 1874. Lastly, the portrait accompanying this notice is from a recent photograph, said to be the best Qver taken of its distinguished subject. FLOWER GARDEN, ETC. The changes of temperature since I wrote have been so great, ranging from 12° of F'ahn to 50', that it has brought with it the necessil greater care in the management of bedding planS the summer. So long as the temperature is abov freezing point, and light and ventilation can be gbe with safety, all may be well with comparatively littl trouble, but when extremes of low temperature ocoii and the plants are kept in a dark ami comparatiwl warm and close atmosphere, the foliage i^ecome yellow and without substance, and thus peculinl liable to the attacks of the mould fungus, whiA'i much accelerated by the stagnant condition atmosphere. The first necessity for counteractii baneful influence is ventilation, which must be j' ouslyand graduallyapplied, and always on the shell side, so as to avoid the bad effects of sharp cu( winds on the tender foliage ; the next great neci is on the first extra fine day to throw all open, q fully remove all signs of mould, and gently dia the surface of the soil ; the last great necessity K careful use of water. It will gener.ally be ^ during extremes of low temperature that the plaSlir which suffer least from the ordeal are those whic are driest at the roots, but at the same time this tnui not be carried to excess, because, as I have latel observed, there are some kinds of bedding plants t which the perfect absence of water at the roots wi|^| be as fatal as the injury likely to ensue from too : *" moisture. It will, therefore, be necessary to seize the most favourable opportunities, particularly of and brisk mild mornings, to apply a sufficient amonr of water to all pots which need it, but only in sufiiciei quantity to retain the vitality of the plants. Beds of Carnations, Picotees, and Pinks whic were planted out in October should be looked ovi when a thorough thaw occurs, after so severe a fro as that we have lately experienced ; they will ofte be found lifted almost out of the ground, and shou' be pressed down into their place ; and it would be \ well to give the beds a surface-dressing of a mixtu of dry ashes, lime, and soot, as a preventive again damp and vermin. The same process of lifting upi the surface by frost, often occurs to Turban and otb Ranunculus roots, as well as Anemone beds, at plantations of such should be examined occasionall; the roots pressed down, and a surface-dressing of fir leaf-mould spread over them. See also that the nii( have not discovered the Crocus roots, if so they nrn be diligently trapped, or serious mischief will ensui Where the beds in the flower garden are edged wit Sempervivum californicum and montanum they shoul be examined now and then after frost, which is ver apt to dislodge them ; birds also sometimes take fit of tearing them out by wholesale, for which the gu is the best remedy. I have tried pegging down Ion lines of fine twine over them, but it is not alway effectual. Whilst these operations are in progres it will be as well to cast an eye on the Pansie Alyssums, Arabises, and other spring flowering plant' and press them into position. Hollyhocks and other 'choice perennials kept i store in frames must be frequently examined and a decaying matter removed ; let them have free ventik tion at.all times when frost is not severe, as it is a grcs mistake to coddle them too much : the hardier the are kept the less likely will they be to suffer whe finally pkinted out. Bedding Calceolarias in cold pit will require attention in the removal of decayed foliag and surface stirring ; let them have as much ventilatio as possible, in severe weather a moderate protcclio is all that is necessary, as they are nearly hardy. St that the protective material applied to the tenderc sorts of Tea-scented and Noisette Roses is cfticieo and secure, as we m.ay still look forward to sever weather for some time. The occurrence of a gow ground thaw after a frost should always be seiW' upon to consolidate the gravel walks by rolling, th grass lawns also should be well swept over and roUei in mild weather. John Cox, Railcaf. HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. The severity of the weather during the last five « six weeks will have considerably retarded the opei*' tions in this department. Work at the walls maj nevertheless go on during a part of most days, if llK operator is provided with boards, or, better still lengths of trellising made for the purpose of standini upon, but in the absence of some such aid it is ini possible for the men to stand long in the slush ani puddle that results from continued tramjiling in the snow, &c. Peaches, Nectarines, Morello Chen; trees, and young fruit trees of whatever descriptiop are better for being freed from their supports once year, thereby facilitating the work of jinming, preven'. ing strangling, and, wh.at is equally important, afford ing the best possible opportunity for w.ashing tni trees with soap and water, or a moderately weat solution of any of the many insecticides that are no» to be had, if these are preferred. January 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 47 Any younij trees that were unfortunate enough to come to hand in the early days of the frost, and were stowed away, will still require attention to see that their roots are secure from frost, and not dangerously near any fire-heat, also that rats and mice are not gnawing the bark ofl'. Planting is, of course, impos- sible until a thaw comes, and should not be attempted then until the ground gets into thoroughly sound con- dition ; in the meantime it will be well to make the best of any opportunity that may occur for pushing the work forward. Old shreds may be picked over and the sound ones plunged into boiling water for a minute or so, which will effectually dispose of any insects or their eggs, etc., that m.ay be sticking to them. Similarly, old nails may be put into any suit- able vessel at hand, and be subjected to a roasting or a boiling ; the bit of mortar that mostly sticks at the end win then easily come off, and the nail will do again if the point has been preserved. Have nets, &c., in readiness for securing Gooseberry and Currant bushes against sparrows and bullfinches, which are already attacking the fruit-buds here. /'. Ilarrisoii, Knnoslcy, Prcscot, Lancashire. FRUIT HOUSES. Vines. — .Since my last paper was published we have had some very sharp weather, the thermometer on Christmas Eve falling one degree below zero. Fortunately 'everything was dry, there was very little wind, and the trees and shrubs being nicely protected by a covering of snow, we may hope to have escaped the disasters of 1S60, the last occasion on which we registered more than 30°. Under such conditions in mid-winter early forcing has been carried on under great difiiculties, and we may naturally assume that the minimum heats have not been exceeded. Within a few days, however, a genuine thaw set in, the thermometer rose to 50°, and with so acceptable a change the internal temperatures were permitted to rise also. But great care must be observed in the management of early Vines that are now breaking away into free growth, as sudden depressions or draughts may injure the crops to an extent that no after-management can restore. Attend to disbudding, stopping, and tying as growth pro- ceeds, and remove all surplus and ill-formed bunches from free-setting kinds, as soon as the most compact shows, which are generally nearest the spurs, can be decided upon. Young Vines forced for the first time, as well as imperfectly ripened wood on older canes, frequently show loose bunches having a great tendency to run to tendrils. When this is the case a some- what higher and drier heat will often prove acorrective, and when the Grapes come into flower the free setting Hamburghs will be improved in size and evenness of berry by artificial fertilisation. Many growers make light of artificial impregnation, but having proved to my own satisfaction that both Grapes and stone fruit when grown under glass are greatly improved by it, I have no hesitation in again draw- ing attention to an operation which is at once so simple and interesting. Pay attention to the fermenting material on inside borders ; turn it over frequently, and introduce fresh Oak leaves as they are required. If the roots in out- side borders are to be stimulated, a good coating of fermenting Oak leaves should be placed on the sur- face by the time the Vines are showing fruit. Main- tain a mean temperature of 45° in houses in which late Grapes are hanging. Avoid fire-heat as much as possible, and ventilate when it is applied. All late Grapes that have been properly ripened should now \iq in the store-room, where they will keep better than on the Vines. Get all pruning finished without delay, in order that the Vines may have time to rest ; dress the wounds with styptic, wash the rods well with soap and water, and paint with Gishurst Compound, S oz. to the gallon of water. If the foliage has ripened off clean and free from insects the bar- barous practice of scraping may be dispensed with, but if spider has gained a footing the loose bark may be rubbed oft prior to dressing. Any alterations and additions required in late Vine borders, hitherto deferred, should now be set about without delay. See that the drainage is ample, as the secret of gaining an abundance of useful roots in internal borders depends quite .is much upon the quantity of tepid liquid that they can take, as upon the materials used in their formation. We have just finished storing our late black and Muscat Grapes, and have the inside borders in hand. ^Vfter taking away a quantity of inert and exhausted mate- rial, completely filled with hungry roots, the borders will be made up with rather strong loam from a lime- iitone hill on which Oaks grow well, burnt earth and old lime rubble. \V, Coleman, Eastnor Castle. Figs. — Although the Fig in the early stages of its growth is less likely than the Peach or other stone fruits to suffer (rom fluctuations, a steady bottom-heat of 75° to 80" should be maintained from the com- mencement of the swelling of the fruit until it begins to ripen, when, due attention having been paid to light, ventilation, and water, a good supply of fresh P'igs worth eating should be fit forgathering from the November started trees early in May. These trees will now be throwing out quantities 'of fresh young roots in search of food, but instead of allowing them to go direct into the leaves good pieces of turf laid round the rims of the pots will keep the feeders near home until we have more genial weather. Take advantage of gleams of sunshine aided by a little fire- heat for running the house up to So°, with plenty of moisture in the atmosphere, but until we have a change a night temperature of 60° will be quite high enough. As growth advances, disbudding and the stopping of all gross leading shoots (where space is limited) will require attention ; but the finest Figs are always produced by free healthy trees that are grown on the extension principle. If not already started, the second house shoukl be closed at once for giving a supply early in June, ami as the trees in this structure will be planted out in inside borders com- posed of good loam and lime rubble, resting on ample drainage, a series of waterings at short intervals with tepid liquid, at a temperature of 85° to 90°, must be followed up until every particle of soil is well moistened. Figs take quantities of water, and where the borders are properly drained there is little danger of giving them too much, while many promising crops are lost by being kept too dry. IV. Coleman, Eastnor. Melons. — To have ripe Melons by the end of April or beginning of May the seed should be sown now. As to varieties most growers have their own pet sorts, but, however, I may remark in passing for the guidance of those who have not, that Scarlet Gem, Victory of Bath Improved, and Eastnor C.istle are three excellent early varieties. The seed should be sown singly in large 6o's in light fine loam and leaf- mould, leaving room in the pots for top-dressing when the plants require it ; then plunge to the rims in a hotbed made of fermenting material as recommended for Cucumbers, and cover the pots with a piece of clean glass, which, however, should be removed as soon as the plants appear through the soil, when they should be placed within 2 inches of the glass to prevent their becoming drawn. Keep a sharp look-out for slugs, which are very partial to young Melon and Cucumber plants ; a ring of lime and soot round the plants will keep them at bay. //. W. Ward, Longford Castle. Cucumbers. — Fermenting material having been mixed as advised in last Calender, and having been turned over a couple of times in the interval, to allow of the rank heat escaping, will now be in a fit state for making a hotbed, which, it is almost needless to say, should be made in a southern position — all the better if under a wall or a high evergreen hedge, or any other kind of shelter from the north wind. The ground on which the hotbed is made should be higher than that surrounding it, so as to prevent the lodg- ment of water under the bed ; where this is not the case, half-a-dozen faggots placed underneath the bed would answer the same purpose. Let the bed be made just large enough to take the frame for which it is intended, having it, however, an inch or two larger than the frame all round. As the work proceeds, beat the dung and leaves down with a fork. Let the bed be made suHicicntly high to allow of its shrinking, which will be rather, more than one-third its height when completed. When the bed is being made a good old plan is to place a few layers of old Pea-sticks across and along the bed, for the obvious purpose of conducting the heat supplied by the linings to the interior of the bed. When the box is placed on the bed jnit a shell inside it, which should be 6 or 9 inches shallower than the frame and I inch less all round, and of the same shape as the frame, and nailing the battens on the outer side of the shell, so that when it is fixed in the frame there will be a space of i inch between the latter and the former, thus supplying a means of top-heat. Another good plan, where the pipes are to be had, is to introduce a dozen perforated pipes in the sides and ends of the bed at about 10 or 12 inches from the surface of the same, the end of the pipes communi- cating with the outside being stopped, for the present, to prevent the cold getting in, and the stopping removed when the linings are being made. Put sufficient fermenting material inside the frame to raise the bed to a uniform height, back and front, after which 3 inches of short dung, and then, for the present only, 4 or 5 inches of sawdust, or dry leaf- mould, in which, so soon as the plunging material has become warm, young plants must be got ready for the early spring supply of fruit. P'or this purpose I know of none to beat, if any are so good as, Rollisson's Telegraph. Let the seed be sown singly in large 6o's in light rich mould, leaving room for top-dressing the plants when they require it. Plunge the pots to the rim, and place a clean square of glass over them, which must be removed as soon as the plants come up. Of course the number of plants to be raised must be determined by the space which is allotted for their culture, and also in accordance with the demands of the establishment. //. \V, Ward, Long- ford Castle Gardens. PLANT HOUSES. Of all plant structures there are none that require such a degree of watchfulness at the present season as the greenhouse, which, what with damp to contend with, so dense at times as to spread a pall over every- thing, followed suddenly again by biting and con- tinuous frosts, as of late, keeps one continually on the alert. In dealing with the latter evil, the thing is to steer clear of rendering the atmosphere too dry, as with the great depression of temperature that suddenly takes place outside, there is naturally a great rush of air from within, and this escapes through every lap and crevice, carrying with it all the moisture so necessary to plant-life. This being the case, the utmost care sliould be taken to keep the fire as low as the safety of the inmates of the house will allow, much depending as regards the degree of heat that is maintained on the hardiness or otherwise of the different subjects under treatment. Where these consist principally of Camellias, Azaleas, Heaths, Epacris, and the ordinary kinds of hard-wooded greenhouse plants, the less artificial warmth there is applied the better, as they are all exceedingly impatient of any coddling or close confinement, of which the first-named are not slow in showing their resentment by at once casting their buds. In cases where a miscellaneous collection has to be treated it is a good plan to arrange the several genera already enumerated at the coolest end of the house, where they can have more air and be less sub- ject to the drying influence of hot-water pipes or flues, which not only make the atmosphere too arid for their welfare, but desiccates the small body of soil they are growing in so much as to cause flaggings a condition that is highly injurious. To prevent this taking place the plants should be looked over at least once daily during the time fires have to be applied, and in the event of severe frost, requiring an increase of heat to keep it out, it may occasionally be advisable to sprinkle the floors and other cool surfaces so as to maintain the atmosphere in a moist, healthy state. On the other hand, during a continu- ance of dull, damp weather, these cannot well be kept too dry, nor can too much care be exercised in water- ing, more particularly when there happens to be flowers in the house, the soft petals of w'hich are soon adversely affected by any vapour settling upon them. The mistake many make when using fire-heat to drive damp out and dry the air during foggy days, is in not opening the ventilators at the same time ; the result of which is, the evil is aggravated, as instead of the stagnant moisture being expelled, more is drawn up. Although it is highly important that the ventilators should be open, the distance must be entirely ruled by the state of the weather prevailing, otherwise the heavily laden atmo- sphere outside will overpower that within and make matters worse. A slight crack is generally sufficient if put on at the apex of the house, to which point all heated air has a tendency to rush, carrying with it in its course the damp, that works so much mischief when the temperature of plant-houses is low. Conservatories. — These structures may be ren- dered much more interesting and enjoyable by keep- ing them at an equable and uniform degree of warmth, which not only conduces to a more comfortable feel- ing on the part of visitors, but is of the same agree- able nature to the class of plants that are in general use for decorative purposes at this time of year, liy maintaining the temperature as nearly as pos- sible at 50° to 55°, all such things as Cyclamens, Prunulas, Violets, Lily of the Valley, Heliotropes, Callas, forced Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Lilacs, and many others of that class, will expand their flowers and keep fresh and beautiful for a considerable period. In order to get the three first-named todevelope their fine natural colours, they should be arranged near the glass, where they can have the full benefit of what little light and sun we are now favoured with, as well as the extra amount of air such a position affords. Primulas, of all soft-wooded plants, require most careful watering just now, as the tendency with them when wetted at the axils of the leaves and about the collar is to rot oft' at that particular part, and more especially is this the case with the double varieties, the constitution of which is not so strong, or the habit so robust as the singles. Liquid manure properly diluted will now be of great assistance to these, as also Cyclamens, Cinerarias, and other subjects of a kindred nature that have well filled their pots with roots and are now showing flowers. An excellent stimulant for these, and one that is not oft'ensive used in any house or room, is soot water, and this given freely to plants not only induces them to produce large heads of bloom, but has likewise a most bene- ficial effect on the foliage, to which it imparts a look of the most luxuriant green. Pits and Frames. — Damp will now be the great enemy for the inmates of these, and it will be neces- sary to seize on every opportunity the weather affords to admit air, and pick oft" any dead or decaying leaves, and give the surface of the soil a stir, which tends greatly to aid root-action and improve its con- dition. 7. Shcppard, 48 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January ii, 1879. THE dSartlencrf)^ (JlhrMtcIe. SATURDAY, JANUARY ii, 1S79. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. ( Royal Horticultural Society: Meeting of Tuesday, Jan. 14 < the Fruit and Floral Committees, at ( II A.M. >»ScieiUiric Committee, at i p.m. WEDKESCAV. Ja„,,s{=tevfns'R'lo;,t'=""'' '""'"■ *""■ =" THuKsnAv Tin ifi -f ^"''^ "^ Orchids from Messrs, Vcilch, at IHURSDAY, Jan. 101 Stevens' Rooms. OF late years, owing to the impulse given to the subject by Mr. Darwin, ^\■e have heard a great deal of the agency of insects in effecting the Fertilisation of the Flower. While much has been written on the contriv- ances of flowers to receive the attention of cer- tain insects to which they are adapted for secur- ing " intercrossing," but little has been observed upon other peculiar structures which exclude the entry of obnoxious and " uninvited guests," who would rob the flower of its treasures w-ith- out fertilising it at the same time. To fill up this deficiency in our knowledge Dr. Kerner, of Innsbruck, has published a volume* which, whether we adopt all his conclu- sions or only some, is one of very great interest, not only for the botanist, but also for the ama- teur fond of plants. To many a gardener it will be news to hear that in many cases the plant itself is provided with means of defence against the incursions of insects, slugs, and other undesirable visitors. But so it is, and, when pointed out, the wonder will be to many that they never thought of it before. We are, therefore, under obligations to Dr. Ogle for bringing this work under the notice of English 'aaders, and we think we shall b:; doing a ser- vice to our own community by directing their attention to it. Before detailing the various means by which flowers are protected. Dr. Kerner makes some very pertinent remarks upon inexact obser\-a- tions and the vicious habit of drawing conclu- sions from them, which are worth quoting : — " For the solution of the questions at issue experiments and observations must be carried out with definite aim, so that all subjectivity may be, as far as possible, excluded." . . . "Any- one who builds up a structure of hypothesis, the uncertainty of which is, moreo\-er, increased by his own short-sightedness, must not be surprised to see his building forthwith tumble to the ground." And with reference to the subject of this book he adds ; — " Men have tried to explain everything they possibly can by the relation between the shape of the flower and that of the animals that visit it ; and, as was unavoidable, in so doing they have overshot the mark, and by this one-sided mode of viewing the matter have overlooked, entirely or in part, other definite advantages not thus to be explained." The soundness and importance of the above remarks cannot be overrated, but while the author has kept to these principles to the best of his power, he seems now and then to have ridden his hobby rather hard. Thus, in treating of viscid secretions as offering a hindrance to small insects entering flowers by catching them, he considers Pinguicula as being no exception to the purpose of glandular hairs. "The primary function of the glandular trichomes (hairs) on the leaves of Pinguicula and numerous other plants is certainly, therefore, to keep off those creeping insects, whose bodily dimensions are so small that their visits would not bring about allogamy {i.e., cross-fertilisation)." * Flowers nvd ilifir Unhidden Guests, liy Dr. A. Kerner. Professor of liotany in the University of Innsbruck, with a prefatory letter by Charles Darwin. M.A , F.R.S. The tr.inslation revised and edited by W. Ogle, M A., M.D. C. Kegan, Pnul & Co. But Mr. F. Darwin's experiments on the absorption of nitrogenous matter by the leaves of Droscra have clearly shown that the chief benefit, and a positive one, is conferred upon the reproducti\e processes, and one is thereby led to infer that the most important or " primary " function of such-like glandular pro- cesses is digestion, and not the negative use of keeping off possible foes. Moreover, P. lusi- tanica, which devours minute insects in abund- ance, is self-fertilising, and D. rotundifolia is mostly cleistogamous as well, i.e., the flowers do not usually open. Again, in finding that ants could not advance on the stems of wild Lettuces because the sharp hooks on their feet cut through the epidennis, and the exuding milky juice glued them down, he does not " hesitate to infer that the milky juice in certain parts of plants is to be regarded as another of the appliances by which flowers are protected from the unwelcome visits of creeping animals." That the milky juice is not to be regarded as specially adapted for this purpose is obvious, for it abounds in roots, but that the hindrance it affords to ants is, so to say, accidental, seems equally clear ; and this remark will apply to some others, but perhaps the minority, of the contrivances described as hindrances to the entry of animals. Dr. Kerner alludes to the reservoirs of water which many plants retain by means of crowded or connate leaves, as the Teazle, which thus offer an effectual barrier to insects ascend- ing the stems. Without denying the fact that these cups of water do prevent crawling insects from reaching the flowers, which, by-the-by, are again |protected by spinescent bracts, Mr. F. Darwin has given us reason to believe that these cups serve as traps for catching insects, the nutrition from which is probably absorbed by glandular hairs. A large number of herbs have their flowers protected from snails and soft-bodied enemies by the stems and foliage being more or less covered with sharp-pointed structures of various kinds, and from herbivorous grazing animals as well. These latter also often carefully avoid flowers, such as Buttercups, which are self- protecting by having some acidity, which seems to render them unpalatable. The chief interest of Dr. Kerner's observa- tions, however, is in the immense variety of floral structures which he has collected to show how the sweet secretions are protected, and all access to them carefully precluded from unwel- come guests. Flying insects of a certain size and shape being the legitimate visitors, flowers are often specially constructed to admit them and no others. It is here, then, that Dr. Kerner is extremely successful, and cjuite justifies the re- mark of Pilr. Darwin, in his prefixtory letter : — " The general observer . . . will, I believe, come to the conclusion that flowers are not only delightful from their beauty and fragrance, but display most wonderful adaptations for various purposes." Space will not allow us to reproduce here any of the very curious adaptations of hairy " wheels," " trap-doors," " drop-bars," and other arrange- ments, all being directed to the above end ; but a brief enumeration will show how varied are the methods of exclusion : — i. By secretion of distasteful substances ; 2, by isolation in water ; 3, by viscid secretions ; 4, by prickles ; 5, by hairy formations ; 6, by bending, crowding, or dilating certain parts ; 7, by the temporary sus- pension of functions ; 8, by diverting unwelcome visitors to attractions elsewhere. In this department, however, as elsewhere. Nature is not absolutely perfect in her success. However seemingly ingenious may be the con- trivances, many flowers are nevertheless often illegitimately robbed of their sweet treasures, to say nothing of parasitical fungi, such as the "smuts" (Ustilago), which destroy flowers altogether ; and Dr. Kerner instances a case where the proper visitor, a small moth, " passed o\er some of the flowers," and on examining them he found the corolla-tubes filled with small beetles. Gardeners are also well aware how humble-bees perforate the tubes from without, a fact alluded to by Dr. Kerner, and one which was described in this journal by the Rev. G. Henslow in the case of the Scarlet Runner a short time ago ; but these instances do not negative the general conclusions which will be unhesitatingly drawn from Dr. Kerner'S laborious observations. Allowing, then, for some instances where the author seems to have stretched a point (and the case of waxy secretions might be added, of which the author says " there can be no pos- sible doubt but that this also can serve to hinder the ascent of crawling insects " — would not gardeners rejoice if the waxy bloom on their Plums could effectually keep off wasps !), the book will be found to those interested in the subject quite as interesting, and, we would add, fascinating, as the Foiilisation of Orchids, or other of the inimitable writings of our great naturalist, Darwin. Mexican Convolvui.ace.e. — Looking through a pamphlet by Don Mariano Barcexa, enlilled Viajc a la Cavcrna de Cacahiiamilpa, we .■".re reminded, by a coloured plate of an Erogonium, that Mexico contains several very fine Convolvulacea; which would be worth introducing. The Eriogo- nium in question Barcena names E. Olivce, but it had Ijeen previously described under the name of E. spicatum. It has small tubular flowers, but it is remarkable for its large heart-shaped deep red bracts. Ipomtca Llaveana and globosa are two other very beautiful species. The former was introduced by H.\RTWEG, but appears to have been lost. Dr. LiNDLEV figured it in the Journal of tlic Horticultural Soiidty under the latter name. Mina lobata is another beautiful plant of the same order. It is commonly cultivated in Mexico on account of its ornamental character, and was formerly in this country. It has spikes of red and yellow flowers, with exserted stamens, not at all Convolvulaceous in appearance. A New Insect. — Some time back it was re- ported that a new bug had been found in Bav,aria, parasitical on the roots of Abies balsamea and A. Fraseri, two North American Firs. The young trees attacked went off very quickly, and on examining the roots they were found to be covered with small white bugs, which HoLZNER called Pemphigus Poschingeri. LicnTEXSTEi.N, however, has discovered that it does not belong to the genus Pemphigus, and he proposes the name Holzneria Poschingeri for it. The Paris Exhirition. — The following letter, with a proof impression of an a-.lmirable por- trait of the Prince of Wales, has been sent to Mr. John Wills, in acknowledgment of his zealous ser- vices in the Horticultural Department : — " i\Lirlborough House, P.iU Mall, .S.W., December 12, 1878. " .Sir. — .\s llie work of the Royal Commission for the Paris Universal Exhibition is now drawing to a close, I wisli to thank you again for llie invaluable services you have been kind enough to render as a member of the International Jury. " 1 have ordered a copy of the list of awards to be pre- pared and forwarded to you. as an official record of your labours ; but in the meantime I desire further to take this opportunity of expressing my personal obligations for the generous manner in which you responded to my invitation to act as a British juror ; and I beg to offer for your acceptance the accompanying proof of my por- trait, as a personal mark of our connection in the work of tlie Paris Exhibition, whicli has been attended with such satisfactory results. — I have the honour to be. sir, your obedient servant, " .■\LEiiUT Edward. " President of the I^oyal Commission for tlie Paris Universal Exhibition of 187S. "John Wills, Esq." New Forms of Pernettva mucronta. — Considerable interest attached to the new forms of Pernetlya mucronata exhibited at a recent meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society by Mr. L. T. Davis, January ii, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 49 Ogles Grove Nursery, Co. Down, ami to one of which, P. mucronata lilacina, which, with two others, is figured in the current number of the Floral Ma^-aziiu; a First-class Certificate was awarded. We are informed by Mr. Davis that these Pernettyas are the result of selection from several batches of seedlings, the first lot having been raised from P. mucronata angustifolia many years since. Those exhibited at the meeting above referred to were only a few selected from many varieties so produced, so varied also as to present alniost endless shades of and from their thorough hardihood and their dwarf and spreading habit of growth, they are peculiarly fitted to play an important part in winter bedding arrange- ments as they can be lifted again in spring or in early summer with perfect safety, and may be kept to any height or dimensions by requisite pruning, or the plants can be renewed as readily by cuttings or layers. A charming mixture for a winter bed might be provided by using these Perrieftyas mingle4 with such things as dwarf Box, of sorts, \arioHs forms of Euony- mus, Rgtinqsporas, &c., and tliey are very effegtiv? ?\^ berries with us." Mr. Davis finds there are breeds of Pernettyas, some bearing berries more freely than others, and when the bad-berried types are grown they are disappointing. At Hillsborough several varie- ties, such as lloribunda, speciosa, and some seedlings from angustifolia, never show a berry. The common form of mucronata is also a very shy fruiter, hardly ever showing a berry in the younger stages of its growth, and only a few at any time ; while Mr. Davis states that very many of the nev\' varieties he has raised are perfect masses of berries on plants only JEAN B A P T I S T E B O U S S I N G A U L T. colour in the berries combined with much diversity in habit of growth and character of foliage. Mr. Davis has succeeded in obtaining several very pretty varie- ties with pink and blush coloured berries, and one almost pure white, that is white with a slight tinge of blush ; and there is one distinct creeping type with distinct rose-coloured berries. In making a selection of varieties for distribution Mr. Davis has paid as much attention to the free fruiting qualities of the plants as to the colour of the berries, thus exercising a very praiseworthy discretion. The many uses to which these attractive shrubs can be put will naturally suggest themselves ; they bear very pretty pure white Heath-like blossoms, which remain long in perfection. a front row to mixed) shrubbery borders, as an edging to a clump of shrubs, or planted for furnishing narrow- borders. They might also be employed for dwelling- house and conservatory decoration, though they are most at home in the open air. They are not particu- larly fastidious as to ihe matter of soil : they will succeed in any ordinary ground free from lime, but of course would be benefited by the addition of a little peat, leaf-mould, or light fibrous loam— ingre- dients it is not difficult to obtain ; and only in poor sandy soils should manure be used, and then well decomposed. Complaints are sometimes made of Pernettyas not producing berries, and it is not at all uncommon to hear people say, " They don't bear a few inches in height, and they continue to fruit bountifully year after year. It is said there is only one form of a white or blush-berried Pernettya m commerce, viz., P. Candida. This is considered to be a distinct species ; it is a shy grower and not very hardy, indeed more suited for a pit or cold greenhouse than for exposure in the open air. Gesn'ERA oblongata of gardens is a shrubby variety of the old G. elongata, and a remarkably free- flowering and handsome plant. It is much used to enliven the stoves at Dangstein. It is of rather straggling habit, with lanceolate ovate leaves covered with a brownish tomentum. The flowers are I inch 50 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January ii, 1879. long, bright scarlet in colour, and borne in axillary four-flowered peduncles. Being easily grown, and almost continuously in flower during the winter, it certainly merits more extended cultivation. It is a native of South America, and was introduced nearly half a century ago. Death of Sir James Matheson. — We have to record the death, at Mentone, on Dec. 31, of one of the largest landowners in the Highlands of Scotland, SirjAMES Matueson, of Achany, Suther- landshire, and of Levys, Ross-shire, aged eighty-two. Sir James was the second son of the late Donald Matiieso.n, who once held large estates in Sutherland- shire, by his marri.age with Katiierine, daughter of . the Rev. Thomas Mackay, of Lairg, Sutherlandshire. He was born in the year 1796, and in 1851 was raised to a baronetcy by Lord John Russei.i., in recognition of his services in alleviating the famine and distress which had prevailed among the fisher- men and sea-faring population of the Isle of Lewis. Sir James Matueson married in 1S43 Mary Jane, fourth daughter of the late Mr. Michael Henry Perceval, and granddaughter of the late Sir Charles Flower ; but as he has died with- out leaving issue his title becomes extinct. In the moderny?i)()wj-r/i7j/ /?()(;/■ of Scotland Sir JamesMathe- son's name appears as the owner of no less than 424,560 acres in Ross-shire and Sutherlandshire, with an income of nearly ^20,000 a year. A description of his grounds at Slornoway was given in our columns in March last, p. 401. Rogiera gratissima. — Mr. D. T. Fish, at p. 20, referring to the 'specimen of this plant in the York nurseries described by us at p. 759 of the last volume, inquires at what tem- perature the plant has been grown. We are in- formed that formerly at York the Rogiera used to be treated as a stove plant, but with such poor success that it was hideous to behold. It was then removed to a cool house and planted out, where it has done remarkably well, and has for the last three years or more been quite an attractive object. The tempera- ture of the house where it is growing in winter is from 35° to 45°. All that is done by artificial heat is just simply to keep out the frost in severe weather. Orchids in Bloom. — The following Orchids are now in flower at Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea : — Angrfecum Chailluanuni Anaictochilus Petola xCalanthe Veitchii ,, vestita Cattleya TrianEe Ccclogyne cristata Cypripedium Boxalli ,, Crossianum „ X Harrusianum ,, insigne ,, „ IVIaulei ,, longifolium ,t Xmarmariphyllum „ Xnitens „ javanicum „ X porphyreum ,, Roezlii ,, X Sedeni „ venuslum ,, ,, pardinlim „ villosum Dendrobium heterocarpura ,, Veilchianum Epidendrum ebunieum „ Wallibii La:lia albida „ ., bella ,. anceps ,, ,, Dawsonii ,, autumnalis Laelia xharpophylla Lycaste cruenta ,, Skinneri Masdevallia polysticta .. tovarensis Nephelaphyllum pulchriim Odontogiossum Alexandfce „ bictonense „ cirrhosum „ cordatum „ Hallil ,, leopardinum ,, Lindleyanum „ luteo-purpureum ,, Pescatorei ,, praenitens „ Roezlii ., Rossii Oncidium cheirophorum ,, crispum ,, cucullatum ., Forbesii (many plants) Phalaenopsis amabilis Pleione humllis Saccolabium giganteum Sophronites grandifloia ,, violacea Vanda suavis ,, tricolor Zygopetalum Mackayanum Treatment of Heavy Soils.— The best and most obvious remedy for the soil of gardens where it is too adhesive and heavy is the introduction of s.ind, or something of .an equivalent nature, but unfortunately, in most districts where the land is of the character described, sand is so far distant that it costs so much as to render its use on anything but a very small scale out of the question. Against coal- ashes many old gardeners are prejudiced, as, unless passed through a very fine sieve, they are liable to cause Potatos to have a scabbed, unsightly appearance in their skins ; but when screened, so as to make them quite fine, coal-ashes are quite equal in their permanent effects to anything, except clean coarse sand, that can be added. But there is yet another and very effectual way of dealing with land of this description, that is not nearly so often adopted as it deserves to be — we allude to burning a portion of the clay or clay-like soil, This is not a difficult process, but in many parts of the country it is little understood, and rarely if ever prac- tised. The operation is simple, but needs to be varied according to local circumstances. In the case of new ground of such a description as we are speaking of, the lightest of the surface soil should be taken off and a spit or half a spit of the under heavier material dug out, carrying the work out trench by trench, as in digging, and adding it to the top and sides of the ignited heap as the process of burning goes on with as much breeze or slack as is found requisite, until enough has been prepared to cover the whole surface 5''or 6 inches thick. It then simply requires dig- ging in and incorporating with the soil taken from the top, previous to which the burnt earth should be broken, as the finer it is the better ; the effect of the process is lasting. From land of this nature th.it has been for some time under cultivation, .and more of the surface soil moderately free, a greater depth will bear taking oft" the top before coming to the under heavy stuff that it is intended to burn. The superiority ot ground so treated in its ability to grow most vege- table crops will be apparent over such as has nothing more than the usual quantity of manure put into it, as rendering land sufficiently light by the use of manure alone with the help of aeration by exposure to the action of sun and air is slow, for however much it is lightened up by stirring through the spring and sum- mer, a winter's heavy rains generally reduce it much to the condition it previously was in. Lateral Inflorescences ok Agave. — Dr. GoEPPERT describes in Kegel's Gartcnfloi-a several instances of Agaves producing axillary flower-spikes, either in consequence of some injury to the crown, or in consequence of the plant flowering a second or third time. He mentions one instance in which a large Agave (in the botanic garden of Lowen) pro- duced a large normal terminal inflorescence, and the following year five lateral ones, and finally in the third ye.ar an extraordinary number of small flowering stems, some of them bearing only one flower. He further relates that when the French landed in 1S30 at Sidi Ferruh, they found the neighbourhood of Algiers thickly studded with Agaves. In the summer of 1 83 1 not one of these plants bloomed, and it having been determined to form a camp, many of the soldiers amused themselves with beheading the Agaves. In the spring of 1S32 all these mutilated Agaves threw up flower-spikes, and more than 1500 of them were covered with flowers at one time, affording a mag- nificent spectacle. The Genus Sapindus and its Allies. — Dr. Radlkofer, the author of the elaborate mono- graph of the genus Serjania, has recently published an equally complete and critical one of the genus Sapindus and its allies. It appears in the Sitzungs- hericlite der Itlatliciiiatiscli-physikaUsclicn Classc Jcr A". B. Ahadiinic ilcr IVisscnschaftcn zu Miiiuhcn, heft iii., 1S7S. ■ The Cultivation ok Bamboos. — The Ihillctin dc la SocicU' d\4ci:ii /natation dc Paris con- tains a series of interesting articles on the cultivation, propagation, &c., of Bamboos, by Mr. Charles RiviftRE, director of the experimental garden at Hamma, Algeria. We have only space to direct attention to them, which we do because we think they might be useful to some of our readers in the colonies. As we have stated in previous notices, the cultivation of Bamboos is becoming an important industry in the South of France and Algeria. Mr. RiviSre writes after having enjoyed a long period of pr.actical experience. Peaches in Michigan. — A member of the Michigan State Pomological Society, writing to the Nnv York Tri/ninc, with reference to a successful meeting of his Society held lately at Paw Paw, states that the Peach "yellows "was the most important topic of the session ; and asks : — "Is it not strange that thus far this disease has received so little systematic scientific investigation into its cause? Unless some- thing r.adical is done immedkalely in checking it, our ' Peach belt' of Michigan will in four or five years be wiped out of existence. Notwithstanding the statement of Mr. Meehan and others in the East, that fimgus is the cause of the 'yellows,' we have not on record any course of reasoning by a micro- scopist of character that proves the statement, There is abundant evidence that 'yellows 'and a certain fungus are concomitant, but it is the impression of our best men that the cause of the disease is as much in the dark as the cause of Pear-blight." The Influence of Quinine on Silk- worms.— A writer in the Bulletin dc la Socicti d'Accliinatation dc Paris records the results of a number of experiments with quinine sulphate on diseased silk-worms. A commission which reported on this subject in 1859 stated that silk-worms treated with quinine or gentian never exhibited the same symptoms of cure observed in others which had taken either mustard or valerian ; but Mr. Christian le Doux, being in ignorance of this statement, has made further experiments, with satisfactory results. Worms sutlcring from Jiachcric were powdered with quinine, and nearly all recovered in a very short time after the application. Some very bad cases of fcbrine, with open putrid wounds, were successfully treated in the same manner. The Potato Beetle. — The correct name of the Potato-beetle, occording to some zoologists at least, is Septinotarsa decemlineata. Walwich Bay. — From an article in the columns of our contemporary, The Colonics, we abstract the following particulars regarding a spot in tlie south-west of Africa known as Walvisch or Wal- wich Bay, celebrated in botanical history as the home of that most wonderful plant, the Welwitschia mira- bilis. Its exact locality is given as 22° 53' lat. south, and 14° 23' 30" long. east. The settlement is situated on the sea-shore, in the midst of a sandy expanse 1200 miles long and from 30 to 150 miles broad ; not a tree, a blade of grass, or even a Rush growing within 3 miles of the town. The staple food of the natives is said to be a curious prickly plant which flourishes in large tracts, and is known under the name of nord. The climate is described as being quite as salubrious as that of the Cape Colony, the Free .State, or the Transvaal. The thermometer seldom changes for six months, standing usually by day in the winter at 60° Fahr., and in the summer at 70", the night temperature out-of-doors being 40^, and indoors 45°, so that a blanket is required all the year round. Good feed for sheep exists 10 or 12 miles from the settlement, where a thick variety of grass grows described as being "somewhat like a prickly shrub ; " the sheep also feed on the nord seeds. The meat so fed is said to be very good and very tender. Breadstuffs are all imported from the Cape, and no vegetables seem to be grown in the Bay. It is quite practicable, with some care, to establish a garden for Potatos, Peas, Beans, and Cabbages, which have been grown some little distance up-country at a mission station at Raal Bank, where a Government farm is about to be established for the same purpose. There is a great abimdance of cattle in the country, but transport is still very dear, as the Damaras, who own the cattle, will neither sell them nor let them for hire. Mutton can be bought for \d. per pound. Fowls thrive wonderfully. The waters are full of fish, and the variety seems to be as great as the quantity, for there appear to be all kinds of eels, soles, and many other species not found oft the Cape or in Simon's Bay. Pelicans, flamingos, gulls, divers, sand snipe, and Cape pigeons also abound, so that altogether living is far cheaper that at the Cape. MoNNiNA xalapensis. — This is the name of a rare and pretty Polygalaceous shrub employed for greenhouse decoration at Dangstein. It forms a small bush about 2 feet high, with alternate oblong obtuse leaves, shining and leathery in texture. The flowers are borne in dense terminal racemes 1 — 2 inches long, and individu.ally are half-an-inch across, with two spreading wing-like sepals of a deep purple colour, whilst the boat-like petals are of a rich yel- low, and continue a considerable time in perfect con- dition. As its name implies, it is a native of one of the Mexican provinces. Water for Garden Fountains. — The case of the Sevenoaks Water Company v. Doubble, heard recently in the Sevenoaks County Court, is of some importance to water companies and consumers. It appeared that the company had supplied the defendant with water for domestic use for some years, and without giving notice of his intention to do so the defendant had made a connection between the January ii, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 51 pipes in his house and a fountain in his garden ; the basin of the fountain had an overflow pipe that would take all the water that passed through the fountain, even if it ran day and night. The company's secretary and manager, Mr. F. HuNTElt, upon receiving information of this, visited the defendant's premises on July 6, and asked the gardener to turn on the water. He did so, and the company then demanded payment. The defendant, however, refused to meet the claim, and, after many applications, the company gave him seven days' notice to pay, the alternative being that his entire water supply would be cut oft". As he remained a defaulter, the latter course was adopted on .\ugust 26. The company's manager had calculated that the quantity of water that could pass through the defendant's pipes, if constantly rimning, would exceed 3,000,000 g.aIlons yearly. The defence was that the fountain had never been used. The Judge remarked that the impression on his mind was that the fountain had been fitted to be used, and the defendant had used it. If people would have such things they must expect to pay for them. Judgment would be for the company for the amount claimed, and costs. Tlic Builder. Thk .Salisbury Nurseries. — We under- stand that the business so long and so successfully carried on at these nurseries by the late Mr. John Keynes has passed, by purchase, into the hands of Charles Williams, Esq., of Salisbury, for one of his sons. The valuation of the stock was made and carried through by Mr. John Downie and Mr. R. .\. Arnott, both of Edinburgh. The services of Mr. Wyatt, so long in a position of trust and responsibility with Mr. Keynes, have been retained for the nursery department, in which florists' flowers and other specialities will continue to be the leading features, as heretofore, but it is not improbable that an extension will be made in the seed trade depart- ment. The Weather. — A correspondent of the Times, " Strath Deam," writing under date of Jan. 6, says : — " It may interest meteorologists to hear that, accord- ing to the report of my keeper, an intelligent and practised observer, a spirit minimum thermometer, by Cassella, on the morning of Saturday, Dec. 28, marked 7' below zero of Fahrenheit. On Friday, tlie day of writing, -1- lo'' : situation, 3 feet above turf, between 990 feet and 1000 feet above sea, by Ordnance Survey, in sheltered garden, but open to sky. In the open fields thermometer ranges 2" or more lower. Some years back, in a memor- able winter, the thermometer in the same place ranged below o for a week or more, sometimes down to — 10', once to — 13°. I am not aware that so great cold has been noted in the habitable regions of Great Britain ; though no doubt it may have occurred in the mountains, where mininuun thermometers have not been abounding. My keeper, born and bred a Highlander, writes : — ■ I have seen many a snowstorm, but not to continue so long as this one.' It began November 8. " From the Meteorological Office we learn that during the week ending January 6 the weather was extremely changeable ; generally mild and damp at the commencement of the week, but much colder and drier afterwards. Temperature again showing very great extremes ; the maxima as high as 61° at Lough- borough, and 59° in some other parts of England on Decemljer 31 ; and even the minima for that night were as high as 50" at some English stations. A general fail occurred subsequently, so that by the end of the week the minimum thermometer registered lower than 15° over the Midland .and Eastern Coun- ties, and below 26' even in the South. The aver.age for the week below the mean in almost all places, the deficit being greatest in the North and least in the South. Rainfall less than the mean in Scotland, Ire- land, and the North of England, but very much more in the South of England, the excess being most con- siderable in the south-western districts, where several heavy falls are reported. Snow very frequent in the North. Wind strong to a gale from the S.W. at the commencement of the week, then veering to N.W., and falling light or moderate. Strong S.E. winds set in over the south-western districts at the close of the week, and increased to a gale at the extreme north-western stations. It may interest your readers to know that on Christmas Eve Negretti & Zambra's thermometer went down to 1° above zero. Another thermometer about 100 yards from it went down to zero. We cannot yet say what injury is done, yo/m Lain:; Cy' Co., Stamtcad Park Nurseries, Forest Hill, London. Gardening Appointments. — Mr. M. KiRKP.Y Dl.KON, lately employed in the Economic department at Kcw, has been appointed gardener to Captain Taylor, at Glenleigh, Hastings, NEW FRUITS AND VEGE- TABLES OF 1S78. The past season has not been so productive of novelties in the fruit and vegetable department as many of its jiredecessors, but this need not be taken .as any sign of diminution of zeal or interest in the many laudable attempts to improve these products, but rather perhaps to a more just .appreciation of what we now possess. The recommendation and introduction of new fruits and vegetables should always be approached with extreme care and caution ; variety in this department is of slight importance, the test must at all times be excellence and superiority. To be excellent or worthy of introduction it must be superior in some respects to what we now possess, and our present stock i of both fruits and vegetables are excellent in a high degree. A great amount of injury is thus olten committed by the silly recom- mendations of many who to appear " learned " praise everything bearing a new name, or who, astounded at the m.agnificent appearance of something under supe- rior cultivation, give it a character for novelty which it can lay no claim to. It is a very singular fact that amongst Pine-apples, the very fruit which is being less and less cultivated in our gardens, owing to the case with which they can be cultivated abroad and sent to our markets, there is more novelty than in almost any other class of fruits. True, these fruits were alluded to last year, still they are new and scarce. We have seen and tasted the fruit named Lord Carington, and can safely say there is no better Pine-apple in existence. Lady Beatrice Lambton, so splendidly put before the public by iNIr. Hunter, is a magnificent object to look upon, of fine constitution, large, and said to be very good. Cut our list is not yet exhausted. Jlr. Hunter introduces us to another. Lady Florence Lambton, large and handsome like her sister, but uncommonly like a (,)ueen, and we may not require both. Grapes have brought us no novelty this season, and that is some consolation, as there will be time allowed to properly test all the late introductions. Golden Queen, although fairly well exhibited, has receded in public favour a good deal. Venn's Black Muscat is being gradually merged in the old Muscat Hamburgh, and we would just say one word against the growing practice of attaching one's name to a well known sort as the possessor of a superior variety. There are no good and bad varieties of such fruits as Gr.apes, or Pears, or Apples, &c. They remain constant, and appear different according to cultivation 'only. But this is a digression. Amongst Apples, thern; are several worthy of note that have made their debut during the past season, none of them, however, being exactly novelties. I'aumann's Red Winter Pearmain is a large and extremely handsome highly-coloured fruit, somewhat resembling the Blenheim Orange, and ol Germ.an origin. It ought to be grown by everybody. Dr. Hogg is a fine large kitchen Apple, resembling in outward appearance and in texture of flesh the White Cal- ville. Barnack Beauty, from Stamford, is a very pretty and useful sort, and a gre.at cropper ; and Mr. Killick's King William is an exceedingly pretty and good dessert variety, which is sure to win its way. In Pears, Mr. Rivers gives us a fine addition to our small dessert sorts in Dr. Hogg, a variety even superior to the Seckle, which it greatly resembles. Mr. William Paul's Theresa Nevill, is also to be recommended as a good late variety, and mention may also be made of Beurrc Leon le Clerc as a very good October fruit, far too little known. Amongst Plums, the Sultan, a variety sent out by Mr. Rivers some years .ago, was especially good last season, and deserves to be extensively cultivated. Oranges do not often command our attention, but this season wc have to notice a very fine variety named The Long, very pale in colour, and of ovate shape, which is sure to secure the attention of culti- vators of these fruits. In Strawberries, a very good variety will be found in Douglas' Loxford Hall Seedling, which is later than the Elton Pine even. Augusta Nicaise must be recommended as a very excellent variety for pot cul- ture— large, a great cropper, and of fine quality. New Melons are usually abundant, their tendency to vary being irrepressible ; but so much here depends on the skill of the cultivator to secure proper quality. Few varieties of Melons are actually b.ad if properly cultivated, .although but few are really good for want of proper cultivation. Dell's Hybrid and Gilbert's Netted Victory are two varieties of the greatest excel- lence, which may almost be depended on to be good under .any conditions. In the Vegetable Depart.ment new names are at all times profuse, although novelty is often wanting, but here improved selections are often more valuable and superior to mere novelty. It is by careful selection that the high qualities of our vegetables are chiefly maintained, and but occasionally by the skill of the hybridiscr. The novelties ol this season are not great in number but sever.al of them great in value, we shall therefore but briefly allude to the principal amongst them. Amongst Peas there are several deserving of notice. Marvel, Laxton's last and best production, is now .at last offered to the public. It is without doubt one of the finest quality Peas, and very large. Carter's Telephone is another very remarkable Pea, of enormous size, grand appearance, and good quality. Sharpe's Invincible is also to be highly recommended. In Potatos a few very promising varieties have come under our notice, but the triumph of all, and probably one of the handsomest and finest quality Potatos ever introduced, is Sutton's Woodstock Kidney, raised by our great Potato King, Mr. Fenn, who ought now to be justly proud of his great success. Radstock Beauty is a very pretty red-flaked round, of fine quality ; also Vicar of Laleham and Lady Godiva, but very closely resembling the Lapstone. International Kidney is one of the very handsomest of Kidney Potatos, and an enormous cropper, but, like many other good- looking things, not of first-rate quality. There .are no new American Potatos this season requiring very special mention. Mr. Gilbert's Cabbage Broccoli is a welcome addi- tion to our winter vegetables, being a sort of inter- mediate form between the two, and standing the winter well. It is ol excellent quality, and quite unique. Among Cabbages attention should be directed to the Early Boulogne, the earliest of all Cabbages, and the Bacalan, a large, very distinct, firm-hearted variety, excellent for autumn use. In Lettuces we would mention the Bossin as a very large late Cabbage variety, standing the effects of dry weather better than any other variety. Endives make us acquainted with several good additions. Vilmorin's fine curled Picpics is truly excellent. The white curled is also a distinct and excellent hardy sort, and we must not forget to impress upon every one that the round-leaved BaLavian is the only variety of that section worthy of cultivation. In Beets, Frisby's Excelsior is a very good variety ; and amongst Cucumbers, Carter's Model m.ay be mentioned as a very fine sort. Let us hope for a more extended list during the present year of 1879. AIR TEMPERATURE. We borrow from our contemporary. Nature, the following abstract of a lecture by Mr. J. K. Laughton, on Air Temperature, its Distribution and Range. After calling attention to the importance of climatic knowledge, the lecturer dwelt on the fact that though .all heat as .affecting climate emanates directly or indirectly from the sun, temperatures have but little relation to latitude except when the distances are very great. He illustrated this by reference to isothermal and isabnormal maps, and went on to speak in some detail of the several causes of the disagreement between isotherms and parallels of latitude. Locally there is a very great difterence between the temperatures of adjacent localities on account of the sunny aspect or sheltered situation of some as compared to others, as is found in an extreme degree in such places as the Undercliff of the Isle of Wight ; but geographically a cause of very considerable importance is the nature of the soil. The air over sandy or sterile ground is heated by direct contact and by radiation to a degree far in excess of what happens to air resting on grass-grown or verdant plains ; heat proceeding from an obscure source is unable to escape through the air, just as obscure heat-rays may be caught and accumulated in a closed conservatory or in a glass-covered box, so that the air m.ay be raised to a very high temperature : several instances are on record of a temperature of 130° F. being observed under such circumstances. On the other hand, when the solar heat falls on ground, whether grassy or snow-covered, that will not easily part with it, the air may remain cool, or even cold ; 52 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January ii, 1879. as is found in our every-day experience in summer of the pleasantness of a field path as compared with a high road ; and as is shown more markedly by the great power of the direct rays of the sun in the Arctic region, or at elevated stations in the Alps or Himalaj-a whilst the snow is lying all around, and the tempera- ture of the air is far below freezing-point. But greater far than the effects of differences of soil are the effects of ocean currents, which warm the air to an almost incredible degree. Mr. Crnll has cal- culated that the surface-water of the North Atlantic, if deprived of the (lulf Stream, would be reduced to a temperature very far below freezing-point ; that the heat which the Gulf .Stream disperses into the super- incumbent air would, if converted into power, be equal to the united force of some 400 millions of ships such as our largest ironclads. This heat, thrown into the air, is wafted by the south-westerly winds over the north-west of Europe, and very largely over our country. It is this that makes the extreme difference between the climate on this side of the Atlantic and that on the other, that gives us green fields and open hirLiours during the winter, whilst in Labrador or Newfoundland they are buried in snow or choked with ice. The carrying power of water is so great as com- pared with that of air that the climatic effect of winds heated by contact with hot earth is relatively small. The scirocco of the Mediterranean, wind-heated over the great African desert, has often been referred to as the "snow eater " of Switzerland. This has been proved to be a mistake. The snow-eating wind of Switzerland is a wind from the Atlantic, warmed by the Gulf Stream, and rendered dry .and hot by the condensation of its vapour as it passes over the mountains. .Similar winds have been observed in many different parts of the world — in New Zealand, in Norway, in Greenland, and in North America, where their peculiar dryness, carrying off all moisture, renders the grass so inflammable that the smallest accidental spark lights up a fire which may spread orer a country, and is thus the true cause of those immense prairies which are a distinctive feature of North American geography. But such hot winds are quite distinct from such winds as blow from the Sahara, or the Stony Desert of Austr.alia, or from many other sterile tracts of country ; winds which are merely the escape of air heated to an extreme degree by contact with the burning soil. These hot winds are for the most part merely disagreeable ; but cold winds are very often dangerous ; in the North- western States of America a cold wind, ushering in a violent snowstorm, caused the death of more than 300 people in January, 1S73 ; and in many other localities a cold wind bringing in a sudden fall of temperature through 40° or 50', is always a cause of grave anxiety. Our English "Blackthorn Winter" in April or May is only one, and a suh lued instance of the ill-elTects of such cold spells. The presence of moisture in the air, by checking radiation from the ground by night, or during the winter, softens the rigour of the seasons, makes the summers less hot, the winters less cold. It is this that constitutes the difference between "insular " and " continental " climates ; it is the want of the vapour- screen which causes "excessive" climates such .as wc read of in the far East, where, as near Khiva, a summer of more than tropical heat is succeeded by a winter of Arctic rigour. In a very extreme degree the climate of Astrakhan contrasts with that of Fuegia, and yet the mean temperature of the two is about the same ; but in the one the seasons are excessive, in the other the difference is but small. The difference in the products of the two countries is thus very great ; on the one hand, plants requiring great heat, but .able to withstand the cold ; on the other, plants of a more tender nature wdiich can flourish with a very moderate amount of warmth ; in the one Grapes and corn, in the other Fuchsias and Veronicas. In studying climate it is therefore necessary to observe not only the greatest heat and the greatest cold, but also the mean temperature. These can only be observed by means of thermometers, for personal feelings may be the eflects of many other causes — of wind or evaporation, or state of health, or peculiarity of constitution, and are absolutely no index to the state of the air temperature. The lecturer then proceeded to speak of the differ- ent kinds of thermometers, several of which were exhibited, and of the several stands for sheltering them. The Meteorological Society has decided posi- tively in favour of the Stevenson stand, and directs its observers to record the temperature at 9 a.m. and 9 P.M., as well as the highest and lowest, as registered by the maximum and minimum thermometers. He then described some novel and ingenious contrivances for automatic registering, such as the "turn over" of Messrs. Negretti & Zambra, and the " chronothermo- meter " of Mr. Stanley, and concluded by pointing out that these instruments were but a me.ans to an end, and that the study of climate was the study of Nature in one of her most beautiful and most varied aspects. WIRING GARDEN WALLS. Some little time ago a short discussion took place in these pages on wiring garden walls, in which I ventured to take part, when doubts were expressed by seveml as to its utility, while others condemned the thing altogether, but I am inclined to think that those who did so must have had a short experience of their use or that the work had been improperly performed, else there could be but little if any all is done they are driven right in, which brings the trellis in immediate contact with the wall, against the face of which it presses quite hard. The distance apart we drive the studs is 9 inches, and this at the angle the wires take makes a trellis with squares on end of about 6 inches, which is quite close enough to train the branches of Peaches and Nectarines with the greatest precision, as they cannot go far in any direction without intersecting a wire, where if desired a tie may be made. I find that the quickest and most certain way of putting in the studs at exact distances, wdiich is a very important point, is to mark oft" the spaces on a long rod and rest the same just above the joint where they are to be driven, when they can be placed with the utmost regularity all along the course, and the same again at the ends and bottom parts of the wall. The studs in, the next thing is to cut the wire into lengths long enough for \ the ends to be fastened at the two points shown, 1 thus, (\ ; as the straining and finishing off can be performed much more easily standing on the ground than coulil be done if the man engaged at the work were FlC. 7. — A WIREU CAttDEN WALL. difference in favour of a tree trained by means of nails and shreds, so far as shelter is concerned, over others made fast in their places to wires. If these are far away from the wall, I readily admit that there would be, as the sp.ace between allows a cold current of air to get behind the shoots and tender blossoms, whose only safety during sharp frosty nights and biting winds is in nestling close to the warm dry bricks. A small wire about the thickness of a piece of twine cannot keep them away any more than stout shreds behind them would, and the objection to wiring walls on this head therefore falls to the ground. If the wiring is done as I have seen it in many jjlaces I am not surprised that it should result in failure, and in order to give you an idea of how it is carried out here I send you a rough sketch (fig. 7), and will state how it is put up as plainly and con- cisely as I can, so that any one having a handy man may do the work for themselves, as we did. The studs shown are round, and of galvanised iron, neatly made, and about 4 inches long, and just thick enough to admit of being driven easily into the joints of the bricks, from wdiich, till the straining and tying where the wires cross is complete, we allow them to project a little so as to facilitate the work, but wdien in a raised position by being either on a ladder or platform. In order to get the wires perfectly straight we run chalk lines on the wall, in the way a saw'yer manages when marking timber to be sawn into planks, as otherwise in threading the wires alternately one under the other they could not be got into their proper position. The trellis being chalked out on the wall, shows exactly at a glance where each wire is to go, and a tap up or down, as the case may be, soon puts them in their jilaces. By threading the wires under and over in the manner stated, the trellis is altogether more rigid and has greater stability, and if the straining and fastening off be properly done, the w'hole will be as tight as a drum. The tying at the corners of the squares is managed by using small soft metal wire, wdiich is placed once round and twisted by means of a pair of pliers, and then cut off nearly close, when the projecting ends are bent down so as not to come in contact with the branches of the tree and chafe the bark. If a diamond-shaped trellis is preferred instead of one wdth squares, all that is necessary is to put the top and bottom studs 2 or 3 inches nearer together than those at the ends, which will make the alteration required. This form I think looks the best of the two, and would be very January ii, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 53 neat and useful on a house for training Clematis, Roses, or any creepers that are generally planted for adorning buildings, and be far better than such abominations as nails and shreds defacing and spoiling the walls. For supporting Fears, Plums, and Cherries, wires strained vertically or horizontally answer very well, as once their branches are properly trained they always remain in the same position, but with Peaches and Apricots the case is different, as the tying and laying in of their shoots has to be frequently attended to if the trees are kept in any- thing like proper order. With a trellis similar to the one shown, much time may be saved during the summer months by using Privet twigs instead of ties, as the points may be put behind the wires and so made to hold the shoots in thfir place. There is one thing that ought to be seen to before putting up these permanent trellises, and that is the condition of the joints of the walls they are to be placed on, and if the mortar is rotten and bad it should be raked out and repointed with cement, which will not only keep the wet from entering and perishing the bricks, but destroy innumerable insects, and jirevent them found- ing a home in the future. J. Sluppard. Bottom-heat for Vines. — Very much has been written on this subject during the last fesv months : it is certainly an important matter, and very necessary is it that the subject should be discussed calmly and dispassionately, and, above all, practically. The subject has occupied the attention of horticulturists for many years ; and the fact that so much difference of opinion exists in regard to it would lead to the belief that no general and definite conclusion has been arrived at. My experience in Vine forcing is not a very limited one, and I have seen it attempted with more or less success in many different ways. At the outset it may be as well to remark that a very broad line indeed ought to be drawn between theoretical knowledge and that derived from practical experience. In theory it looks well to form a Vine border so that it should rest on flagstones, with an arrangement of hot-water pipes underneath to form a chamber of heated air. This has been tried. I believe I am right in saying that a vinery was built and borders formed at considerable expense on this plan in the ilarquis of Tweeddale's garden at Yester, but it did not answer. Another plan that has been frequently adopted has been to place a limited number of hot-water pipes amongst the drainage at the bottom of the border. I have had the care of houses arranged in that way, and in some instances the Grapes did not colour so well as they ought to have done ; in another case the crop was altogether excellent for the first few years, but in five or six years the degeneration was very rapid. I am not in this case prepared to say that it was owing to the use of the hot-water pipes underneath the border, but merely record this as a matter of fact. Certainly, as far as my experience has yet gone in this direction, I would not in any way use hot-water pipes for heating the borders of permanent vineries. I am well aware of the testimony of good gardeners to their beneficial eflect in certain cases, but I have a very strong conviction that the benefits are more apparent than real, and that in no case will the benefits be equal to the amount expended on the heat- ing apparatus, and the after labour in heating, and expense of fuel. At p. 687 of last year's volume I made some remarks on covermg outside borders, and as that article was the occasion of some courteous remarks from Mr. Hinds and "J. S.," I would like to state my experience during the last fifteen years with an early vinery at Loxford Hall. That house is 25 feet long and 16 feet 6 inches wide, and the Vines were planted just fifteen years ago this spring. After the second year, and for nine or ten years after, I cut black and white Grapes from the house that were more often in the first than in any other position at the great London shows. I had great faith in dung beds in the early part of my experience. We had a large heap of manure in the house from the time of forcing during the first two or three years ; it was a deal of trouble getting it in and occasionally turning it ; it was objected to, also, as unsightly, and we soon discontinued the practice, .and I also found that the roots did not work into the part where the manure lay thick and was not removed. I still have great faith in the steam from fermenting stable manure, and our plan now is to have a ridge of it laid .against the back wall of the house, and this is turned every morning and kept in a steaming state by fre- quent renewals. There is generally a high enough temperature in the border inside ; it is outside the house that the state of the border claims attention, and it is certainly of considerable importance that the best means of maintaining an equable temperature should be devised. I can only obtain one heating medium, and that is staljle manure placed on thick enough to cause fermentation. As I have already stated, the heat from this subsides very rapidly, and some portions, often the largest part, of the covering material has been wet, sloppy, .and quite cold when we were ready to water the border. Being placed in such circumstances I have longed for a quantity of dryish leaves, which cannot be had here at .all. Since writing the article at p. 687 I have read the opinion of one of our best Grape growers, Mr. David Thomson, of Drumlanrig Gardens. He says, at p. 105 of Fruit Cnltuic iiiiikr Glass, "There is much difference of opinion as to whether, in the case of early forced Vines, applying a bed of fei- menting material all over the surface of the outside border a short time before forcing commences is any more effective — in the absence of any means of heat- ing from below — than simply to cover the border to a considerable depth early in autumn with some dry material, to conserve the heat which exists in the soil at that time. I once tested a border that had been covered up early in autumn with I foot of leaves, and then thatched with straw, and found, on plunging a thermometer in the soil to the depth of 15 inches, that in sixteen minutes it rose to 60°. I regularly cut Grapes in April from the Vines in this border, with all the roots outside the vinery, and never applied any other means of heating." I had not seen the above passage when I recommended the borders to be covered with dry straw, &c., but it certainly bears out in a singular manner the system that I advo- cated. Dry oat-straw will keep heat in and cold out better than any other material I .am acquainted with. Before placing on the covering I water the border with the water heated to about 85^ or go', and previous to commencing to force the wooden shutters arc placed on to throw ofl' the cold autumn rains. There are some cultivators who do not approve of any covering for the outside borders, and if in practice they have been successful with that treatment they would do well to continue on the same lines. It is a well-known fact that the roots of early forced Vines do not show any signs of activity until the Vines are well in leaf. l\Ir. Hinds takes exception to my state- ment that pot Vines should be started with a bottom- heat of 85", but if he carefully re.ids my article he will find that I stated that the surfiiceof the bed might not be more than 75° or So° where the roots were. I never plunge quite to the rim of the pots. Further, I s.ay that the bottom-heat will decline in a month, and that the purpose of the bottom-heat has been served by causing a more regular break. I think most cultivators will bear me out in saying that this is so, and I have proved the truth of it many times. iSIr. Hinds does not say that he has been more successful with his pot Vines since he left oft' starting them with bottom-heat ; and he further states that any one accustomed to forcing can tell when the stored up sap is exhausted, and that if root- action is deficient bottom-heat may be applied. Now I have been accustomed to forcing Vines every year since I was an apprentice, and have never noticed the exact time at which the stored up sap became ex- hausted, and I would, rather than trust to finding out this at a critical time, apply the bottom-heat at start- ing. I am well aware that there is great danger in over-doing pot Vines with bottom-heat, and was on that account r.ather careful to define the limit of the temperature of the bed in which the pots were to be piunged. 7. Douglas. Carnationsand Picotees. — Will youoranyofyour readers versed in vegetable physiology, kindly give me an explanation of the following phenomena in the cultivation of the Carnation and Picolee ? Year by year, understanding from experience the advantage of a ch.ange of air in promoting healthy stock, I have ex- changed one to two hundred or more pairs of Carna- tions or Picotees with friends located on the hills of Yorkshire or Derbyshire. As there is a dift'erence in the period of bloom between my situation and that of my friends of some twenty-one to thirty days, so there has been always an earlier maturity of the layer, and my stock has been ready for potting up for winter at latest by the last week in September or first in October, and has therefore become fully established before the arrival of my northern contingent, generally a fortnight thereafter. Nevertheless, and this is the problem I respectfully beg an explanation of, though these jilants are less advanced, as I have already said, and fail to fill the winter pot with such a mass of root as the home-grown stock, they start into growth earlier in the spring, spilidle for bloom earlier, and come into bloom earlier than stock acclimatised to the situation. Can this be occasioned by the greater heat, and the greater drynessof the situation they have been transferred to ? or are there other causes beyond the philosojihy of your humble servant? To make the story complete, I should report my friends inform me the stock trans- ferred to their cooler air is invari.nbly earlier in bloom than plants to the manner born. E. S. Dodivell, Clap- ham. S. IV. Epping Forest. — Mr. Wallace's article alluded to in recent issues is altogether a most instructive and interesting one, but I venture to think that Mr. Wallace, who was probably not in England in the winter of 1S60-61, considerably overrates the hardiness of many species in the climate of Epping Forest, e.g., such trees and shrubs as Cupressus Lambertiana, Pinus insignis, Myrtles, Coronillas, Cistuses, Cunninghamia, Escallonias, shrubby Veronicas, Acacias, Eucalyptus, &c. The iiwdiis operandi also that he proposes, viz., planting large tracts thickly with exotics of perhaps doubtful hardiness, and raised at considerable expense to be afterwards thinned out, would be very costly. If, however, the ground were first planted thickly with Larch or such other quick- growing trees as would suit tlie nature of the soil at any given part of the Forest, while the exotics were being grown in nurseries to a size which would admit of their being planted-out at permanent distances, then not only would these lastj be greatly benefited by the shelter of the "nurses," but the thinnings of the Larch, &c., would go a long way towards paying the cost of the whole scheme. And there is no doubt that if this were carried out as proposed by Mr. Wallace, Epping Forest would become in another generation the most delightful resort to the Londoner that it is possible to conceive. I may add that having mj'self planted a small pleasure-ground geographically, I have been much struck with the rapid growth of the Californian Conifers compared with those from the Eastern States and Eastern Asia. Alfred O. ITaU'er. The Poor Birds.— More Kid weather for the poor little birds. They were evidently full of hope, and twittering joyfully in .anticipation, but winter has again returned, and their troubles, I fear, are coming thick. A few evenings ago, when outside frost and cold were in the ascendant, I was looking round my charge to make sure that my numerous family of plants were carefully protected from danger, when I observed a little wren, running first on the top of our greenhouses, then on the ventilators, then on the spouting, all round. I venture to say there was not one opening left untried. I could see by this that my friend "Jenny" wanted lodgings, which I gladly gave by opening the door, and I was much pleased to see my visitor take the open invitation of st.aying with me that night. A few nights later I was in another department, when my little friend was again seen seeking lodgings. I at once opened the door, and the bird came in with full confidence, and seemed satisfied he was on important duty. I stood still to observe the result, and had the pleasure of seeing that small bird commence a search after insects in the most systematic and business manner imaginable — up and down the Lapagerias, every leaf, every stem was examined ; up and down the Dendrobiums, round the Masdevallias and Cattleyas, up the walls, into every crevice, every opening wherever an insect could live. I believe there was not a square inch of that house that was not thoroughly searched by that bird ; and I feel certain tliat many insects, the fathers and mothers of thousands, must have been devoured by this small bird. I should feel very sorry to deny my little friend a lodging at any time, and I should feel it a crime to kill or destroy one. IVilliaiii Payne, Belmont, Taunton, The Sarsen Stones at Reading. — I was meditating this letter when Mr. Thiselton Dyer's appeared in your last issue. The stones in question are amongst the earliest reminiscences of my school days, when we looked upon them as the White- knights' tombstones. Most, if not all of them, are, as Sir. Dyer supposes, .Sarsen or Grey-wether sand- stone. Mr. Whitaker [Quart, jtourn. Geol. Soc, vol. xviii.) agrees with Conybeare in thinking that these blocks, which are concretionary in origin, may have come from the Reading beds (or Plastic Clay of early geologists) sometimes, or, he thinks, from the Blackheath or Oldhaven lieds, the loose sand having been removed from the downs by denudation. The main source of them, however, is admittedly the Upper Bagshot beds. These are the beds which still cover the beautiful wastes of Frimley, Chobham, Ascot, Bagshot, Hartford Bridge, Sandhurst, and much of what at Reading we like to think of as Kingsley's country. The saccharine sandstone blocks occur chiefly in the upper part of this formation, which is over 200 feet thick, .and are found by "sounding" 54 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januars' II, 1S79. witli iron rods. They are often exposed in cuttings, as notably in the railway carried through Ascot in 1S77, so the Duke of Marlborough might have got them nearer Reading than his titular downs. The larger stones of the outer circles, those arranged in trililhons, at Stonehenge are Grey-wethers ; but the inner circles arc of greenstone, a rock of igneous origin, resembling, according to Professor Ramsay, that of Cambrian age in North Pembrokeshire, Caer- narvonshire, and Montgomeryshire. The "allar- stone " is of feldspathic hornstone, a rock abundant in these counties. The blocks are certainly not drifted, i.e., ice-borne boulders, however they reached their present site ; nor is there any evidence of glacial action, to my knowledge, in Wiltshire. The taste- ful use made of the stones at the Wilderness by Mr. Lees is beyond my praise ; but for any one who may wish to go " sounding" for Grey-wethers or otherwise to build a sandstone fernery, without imitating the Duke's vandalism, I can only say that they may readily drape it most beautifully with Llechnum, Hart's-tongue, Polypody, C)smunda, Asplenium, Tri- chomanes,' and Lastrea xmula, and other common Kerns. G. S. Boiilgcr, II, Burlington Road, IV. It really is too bad of these scientific men, of whom Mr. Thiselton Dyer is a notable example, that they do not hesitate to shake to pieces all our dearest beliefs and tumble down the most beautiful and trea- sured traditions. As I gazed upon the huge boulders at Reading, to which I recently alluded, I felt for them an unwonted degree of respect as my guide told the story of their transference in primxval times from the Welsh hills to the downs of Marlborough through the instrumentality of ice floats, as who would not regard with admiration such unwonted and improbable voyagers ? !\Ir. Dyer comes upon the scene, however, and with a dash of his pen upsets all this pleasant tradition, and reduces these big stones to a very matter-of-fact origin. [Is it really less wonderful than the other explanation ? Eds.1 I cannot doubt but that his account is true, every outline of the giants shows that ages ago they were subject to extreme liquid friction ; there are no sharp edges or points, but the wear has been regular and almost insensible. No longer the examples of imperfect oral tradition, they now demonstrate the truths of geological science, and the learned inay well regard them as exponents of a marvellous fact in the physical history of the earth. It is no doubt hard to have all one's cherished ideas and fancies thus rudely shaken, but no doubt, just as in the case of these Druid stones, so in that of a hundred things the heroes of tradition— not one of them perchance has the least tangible basis. The Boscobel Oak has been exhibited as an imposter, the famous sayings of Wellington and Nelson were never uttered, for the historian, as well as the scientist, will ruthlessly expose the baselessness of all these beliefs. Fortunately, when fact is stripped of all its fiction, we shall still have in books a glorious world ot fiction in which to revel, and wherein we shall make no mis- takes. A. D. Mealy Bug on Vines. — I have'recently taken charge of a large garden, in which I find two or three vineries in which the Vines are very much infested with mealy-bug, as well as a lot of fine Fig trees on the back wall of one of the vineries. Will any of your correspondents who have had the misfortune to deal with Vines under such circumstances, kindly advise me what plan to adopt to eradicate the pest ? I think of trying paraffin oil and soft water, as recom- mended in the Gardeners' Chronicle some time since, carefully cleansing the Vines and washing them twice or three times during the winter, and thoroughly washing woodwork and walls, and removing and burning the surface soil. If any better plan for secur- ing freedom from this pest can be suggested, I shall be very thankful if the information can be given through your pages. Vitis. [See next column. Eds.] The Schoolmaster Potato.— These long winter evenings gives one ample time for thinking about crops for the coming season, the most risky of which now-a-days is the Potato. Of the long list of varieties now before the public, it is necessary to be very careful what one buys and plants. I have heard so much in praise of Schoolmaster, the one thing needful being care in cooking, that my thoughts were very much in favour of trying this variety for the main crop, and Mr. Turner's advertisement in last Saturdays Gardeners' Clironiele had decided me. I know that Mr. Turner will not lend his influence to push into prominent notice a variety he does not believe in, and I attach much importance to Mr. Barron's testimonial ; two other testimonials in the advertisement give one confidence in the School- master, and besides, Mr. Douglas seems to regard it as a capital cropper. But since coming to this con- clusion, very grave doubts have arisen in my mind whether I shall be wise in ordering the stock of Schoolmaster, as advertised by Mr. Charles Turner and others, for on referring to Messrs. E. Webb & Son's catalogue I find there a very highly elaborated coloured sketch of Webb's " Improved " Schoolmaster Potato, at the price of the old variety. Of course, Messrs. Webb's being an "improved" variety of Schoolmaster, should be the Eureka of Potato growers, but if I recollect rightly Schoolmaster was sent out only two or three winters since by .Mr. Turner, so that I am somewhat " floored " by finding an "im- proved " variety, with its character sufiiciently fixed and in sufiicient stock to send out at a very moderate price in so short a time. Potato culture has now so much deserved attention that an account of the im- provement, how obtained, when and where, would be gladly welcomed by Potato growers. Jl'. />. The Philosophy of Florists' Flowers. — Will you permit me to invite the attention of your readers to the republication of the valuable " Essays on the Philosophy of Florists' Flow^ers," by the late Rev. (Jeorge jeans, in the volume of the Florist and Poino- lo:^isl for the year now ended ? Originally published in 1S49, they contain a clear definition of the prin- ciples on which the true florist rests in his efforts to mould his flowers to his requirements ; and to me, in these later days, it has been a source of regret that there has been, even in the high places of floriculture, such an apparent ignorance of these principles, and such a ready assumption that the laws of the florist are matters merely of whim or caprice. When I occupied a seat on the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society I was frequently met with the remark, " Oh, I don't judge flowers from a florist's point ot view ! " as though the florist's point of view could be, if intelligently instructed, other than in accordance with the immutable laws of beauty. But if your readers will give to these most valuable essays the attention they deserve and will command if the reading be once begun, they will surely in the future absolve florists as a body from the assumption of cither whim or caprice ; whilst as a pursuit they will arrive at the conclusion, in the words of Mr. Jeans himself, " it is as little to be branded as childish, and is not less rational as a recreation, than any other part of horticulture." May I hope shortly to see a review of these essays from the editorial pen ? E. S. Dodwcll. Gros Colmar Grape.— This was sent to me by M. Vibert, after he removed to Angers in 1S40. It does not generally set well with many of our Ameri- can Grape growers, but with others it is noble and fruitful. A'. /.'. Paulownia imperialis. — In answer to Mr. Cole- brook, p. Sig, I beg to inform him that the Paulownia imperialis at Ashtead Park received no protection during the twelve years it was under my charge, neither have I at any time heard of its having had .any previously. It is planted in a position where it receives good shelter from the surrounding trees, which are of great height and large proportions. Near and about that spot the subsoil is chiefly chalk, within a short distance from the surface ; but un- doubtedly a preparation of soil was made for its reception at the time of planting. Thomas Carlton. Primula sinensis. — Having read Mr. Clarke's remarks respecting his Primulas, allow me to state that my Primulas are far larger than his, most of them being larger than a five-shilling piece, and I have over 700. I have been told by a number of com- petent persons that my ^Primidas (not only this year, but in previous years) are as fine a strain as ever they saw. Every year I pick out the largest, the most fimbriated flowers, and the freest blooming plants, and keep them by themselves, so as to save them for seeding, and as I have a great demand for cut flowers at this time of year, I pay particular attention to Primulas, also Cyclamens. Of Cyclamens I think I have as good a strain as could possibly be had. John Chios, Iliadfort Gardens, Kells, Co. Mcath. Another Insecticide. — Four gallons of weak soapsuds with two tablespoonfuls of refined coal-oil used with the syringe kills mealy-bug and all insects known to plant growers. I have used it the past two years, and hope some of my London friends will make a note of this. R. />'. Young Gardeners' Lodges. — Long live " Coninie-il-faiit" ! His suggestions in the Chronicle of the 28th ult., respecting young gardeners' lodges, deserve to be responded to by all employers and gardeners who have the well-being of their young men at heart. It seems a very strange thing that young gardeners" lodges should, as a rule, be so totally out of keeping with the other buildings of a well-kept establishment. There are a good many neat and comfortable lodges to be met with, and I can point out one of not a few which I know, i.e., the young gardeners' lodge at the Castle Gardens, Arundel, which is a bright example. I have not got a photo- graph of this lodge, but perhaps Mr. Wilson, who designed it, could let you have one. It is a pretty brick building, consisting of three bedrooms, one sitting-room, a kitchen with a nice range, pantry, and a lavatory, all of which are comfortably fitted up to suit their various requirements. This lodge is in every way worthy of the gardens of its noble proprietor, England's premier Duke, as it is also of Mr. Wilson's good taste. //. L. The Distance to which the Vine Roots will Extend. — A short time since, while conversing with a friend, an old Grape grower, in one of his vineries, one of the men called his attention to an old Rasp- berry bed at some distance, about to be destroyed, and where a commencement for trenching the ground had been made the man supposed he had found a quantity of Vine roots. Upon repairing to the spot it was plain that the man's conjectures were correct, as where the first trench had been taken out, there the young feed- ing roots of the Vines were present in such quantities as to give unmistakable evidence that they had found something that suited them. From 7 or 8 inches below the surface to a depth of half a yard lower down, the healthy crow-quill fibres were interlaced in all directions. My friend opened his eyes in earnest, as upon -stepping the ground, we found that the trench was removed some 33 yards from the front wall of the vinery, bearing directly northw'ards from it. The Raspberries I learnt had occupied the bed for nearly a score of years, and had been managed on the right principle of keeping the land clean i)y hoeing and heavy mulchings of manure, which each winter were pointed in only a few inches deep. Here the Vine roots, after traversing the long distance from the originally prepared border, had found that which they liked. The Vines, I understood, have for some years been forced, so as to come in tolerably early, and the house was shut up the first week of the past December. My friend, who is a believer in a good body of fermenting matter on the border, had, as usual, provided the combination of leaves and stable litter of which the bed was made, although he confessed he had not been able to find any active roots in the border, and he looked somewhat taken aback when I reminded him that he had made a slight mistake in the place where he had put on his root-warming materials. He had acted after the fashion of an old gentleman I once knew, who at the close of a con- vivial meeting found his ideas somewhat hazy, but was nevertheless so far mindful of his sore throat that, previous to a somewhat lengthy drive, he was particularly anxious about his muffler being well warmed before putting it on, but when he arrived home his wife discovered the muffler tied carefully round the outside of his boot, just above the ankle. On making some allusions about the strength of the port he had imbibed having had something to do with the position where the mufller was placed, he persisted that he had tied it on in the right place round his throat, and urged that it must have slipped down ! Now it was evident my friend's muffler, intended for quickening up the roots of his Vines, had not, like the old gentleman's, slipped down, but the roots had most decidedly been so ungrateful for the provision made for them, that they had slipped into the garden a very long way beyond its reach. In their case I wonder where the next autumn's fermenting-bed will be placed. When the soil suits them it is nothing uncommon for the roots of Vines to travel so far as these. A similar case as to distance came under my notice two or three years ago, but in this instance it was an old Strawberry-bed of which they had taken possession. T. Baines. Rhododendrons as Game Covert. — My experi- ence of Rhododendrons as game covert differs materially from that of Mr. D. T. Fish, as will be seen by what I wrote res|Decting them some time back, and so well arc our keepers pleased with them that their cry is still for more, to meet which we are now grubbing up a quantity of Sycamore stubs, w-itli a view to extend and add to the groups already formed. Instead of engendering damp, they are great absorbers of moisture, their hair-like roots forming a perfect network in the soil to sustain the immense profusion of foliage with which the numerous branches are always clothed. As a part proof of their absorbent powers, I may stale that a portion of a wood here, that used only to grow Alders, and was so wet as to he unpleasant walking, is now full of grand bushes of Rhododendrons, and the ground is always in a far better condition than before they were planted. No doubt but there are several causes that have conduced to this improved state of things, one being, that the Alders having been cut down, has opened a way for more light and air, and another, that being naturally deeper-rooted plants, they took their supplies from a lower level than the Rhododendrons now do, hence some of the difterence in favour of the latter. As regards the density of these very beautiful shrubs, much depends on where they are planted, as when under trees in woods, where they get a good deal of shade and less light than in the open, their habit is altogether more spare and spreading, and not having any spines like the Holly, Brambles, &c., to form an obstruction, they are just the thing January ii, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 55 game like to make use of as a liide. When they are required for this purpose, small clumps interspersed about the woods near rides are the best, as there they answer the double purpose of shelter and ornament without occupying much land that may be turned to more profitable uses. In cases where the soil is too dry for Rhododendrons, Box is sure to succeed, and if protected when first planted by running wire netting or a rough hedge of bushes round till it gets a good I start, rabbits seldom interfere with it after. In a wood here where they abound we have a great many very tine specimens of this shrub, and except in severe winters when we get a long continuance of snow on the ground, the branches are never injured by them to any appreciable extent, and even then they do not attack the old bark. Those, therefore, who want rabbit-proof evergreens may with safety plant Rhodo- dendrons and Box. ?"• '^'• The Champion Rock Potato. — This is, as it was represented to be, a disease-resisting Potato about here, and so far as I have proved it on our heavy soil, an excellent late Potato. Not one tuber did we find diseased, while in the next bed one- third of the old Rock was diseased, and all our other varieties were more or less diseased. The only objection I see to it is its tall strong shaw, which requires more room to develope than does the old Rock, but if it further proves disease-resisting in various soils and situations, it will amply repay wider settinc. I firmly believe it will prove a very valuable field Potato generally in fair seasons, and I would fain advise most people to try it in their fields. The shaw retains its freshness till frost, and hence its resisting nature. Ilcniy k'lii-^hf. Floors. Rose The Bon Silene was sent to me about 1S36 by M. Vibert, of Longeaumeaux, near Paris. It is the forcing Rose, par cxcclkiiic, of all others to date. It has fine long large buds ot a dark rosy red, opening to a delicate pink, with a delicious odour, and not fully double. Cut when one-third grown and opened in a cool temperature it surpasses all others, having a fine footstalk and rich foliage. There are tens of thousands cut every day for our bouquet- makers. Boston growers have entered into it so largely that the Rose passes under the cognomen of Boston Bud. A'. B., riiiladclphia. Pelargonium Lady Scarborough. — With re- gard to winter-flowering Pelargoniums, mention may be made of Lady Scarborough, which though of the sweet-scented section, is of great utility for cutting, as you may cut the flowers, which are small, twigs and all. It is a very pretty flowering plant, but flowers in late autumn and winter best, and hence it is most useful in every way. It is best raised every year from cuttings put in in spring and early summer, as is recommended for the other sections. H. K. protection in Winter. — Such a winter ought not to be without profit in teaching us how better to cope with the weather, as the lesson is plainly visible ; and if in some way we can prevent the sudden transition by affording slight shelter, we may do much to lessen the mischief sharp frost works among the things we have to do with in gardens. It is surprising what a help a little dry straw or Bracken is when strewn over the heads or around the stems and collars of any plants, and if either of these materials were used more freely for such purposes on the advent of hard weather much loss that now frequently occurs might be avoided. The thing is to have all ready to hand when wanted, that what is intended to be covered may have the shelter applied at short notice, for should frost again take place between this and the end of March we may not be favoured as we have been this time. Where slugs and snails are not over trouble- some half decomposed leaf-soil affords an excellent protection among young Lettuces and Cauliflowers, when under w.alls or handglasses, and if they have this and a few evergreen boughs laid over them their safety may be looked on as certain. Leaves in a less advanced stage are best for such things as Tea Roses and many other plants of that class, and these may be kept from blowing about by a handful of dry Fern laid over them, and made fast by having some Laurel or Fir branches stuck in around, which will not only keep it secure, but take off any un- sightly appearance such dead matter would otherwise present to the eye. J. S. Sarracenia Drummondii v. alba. — This is a singular and interesting herbaceous perennial, found in bogs and swampy ground in North America. It has a thick, tufted, brownish purple root-stock, from which arise elegant, tapering, and perfectly upright leaves to the height of 2 feet or more in well grown plants. The leaf is round and hollow, forming a kind of long funnel-shaped pitcher. At the top the leaf or pitcher is about 2 inches in diameter, pure white, charmingly netted with dark purple veins. When the leaf is fully developed the pitcher opens, and then has an overarching, recurved, and undulated lid. The plant is so easily grown, and is so peculiarly beautiful that it is somewhat surprising we do not see it more frequently in cultivation. We lately saw a fine display of it with Messrs. J. Backhouse & Son, of York. The plants were grown in a cool frame with a west aspect, the lights being always kept shut to ensure a close humid atmosphere. We also noticed some which were tastefully interspersed amongst a forest of dwarf Clleichenias. Their tall, stately white and purple pitchers towering up above the Ferns formed quite a novel and picasmg feature. R. P. Stott's Monarch Rhubarb. — Seeing your illus- tration of a bundle of Rhubarb, I have been led to wonder whether many of your readers are acquainted witli Stott's Monarch Rhubarb, grown by Messrs. Stuart, Mein & Allen, Kelso, N.B. It is not only superior to any Rhubarb I have ever tasted, but it is almost unique in its delicious flavour, its tenderness, the lateness at which it can be used, and its length and bulk of stalk. Its size should make it a capital market Rhubarb, and for its other qualities no one having once grown it would care to grow any other sort. W. H. C, Kensington. Insecticide: Soluble Phenyle. — During the last few weeks attention has been drawn to various forms of insecticides, and it may be of some interest to add (more especially in reference to the inquiries of " W. G. li. A." with regard to carbolic acid and soluble phenyle) that permission has been obtained from the French Government by Messrs. JMorris, Little & .Son, of Doncaster, by whom the soluble phenyle is manufactured, to try its effects on a large scale in destroying the Phylloxera and improving the condition of the Vines in one of the great Vine- growing districts. As the mention of carbolic acid in conjunction with it may lead to some misapprehen- sion, it is perhaps better to observe that this mixed fluid called soluble phenyle differs materially from carbolic acid, as it is free from its powerfully injurious and corrosive effects, which is an important matter with regard to possible accidents in application, and I have also information from the manufacturers (this being a matter that I could not personally test) that it is non-poisonous. The fluid contains fertilising salts, which tend materially to assist the growth of plants. 0. The Smallest Orchid in the World. — It is not worth while perhaps to correct a mistake of such very little moment, but as I am satisfied that my excellent friend Baron von Mueller, from what he says at p. StS of your last volume, must have mixed up two distinct plants, I may be allowed to state that I was personally for years well acquainted with the special specimen of the Orchid in question, which was established on an escarpment of sandstone rock, where it did well, and was therefore not soon placed in a con- servatory. This Orchid was discovered by the Rev. Robert King, of Morris College, Liverpool, New South Wales, an accomplished botanist, named by him Bolbophyllum moniliforme, and presented by him to my brother. It flowered I believe every year, and was never supposed to be of any other genus. G. M'L. The Destruction of the Buds of the Goose- berry and Currant. — Your remarks in last week's issue of the (JanAncrs' ClironiLk are opportune at this season of the year. In past years I have had recourse to the plans you recommend. I find the same as you express, that the tits and bullfinches take no notice of the white thread. The wash, so long as it remains on the trees, rasy deter the birds from their raids, but I find the first heavy rain washes off all the soot and lime, consequently it requires to be frequently applied to be of use. If any plan could be devised whereby the wash could be made to adhere to the trees it might be more effec- tual. If any of your correspondents, who may have been successful in stopping these small depredators would give their experience, they would confer a boon on many gardeners who, like myself, are subject to nuich annoyance yearly from jiartial loss of crops, not to mention the disfigurement of bushes. Robert .Sowcrby, Shirbiini Castle Gardens, Oxoii. Jforcigii (iDorrcsponkiifc. MoRTOLA, NEAK MExrONE : ^(2//. I.— The en- closed list of plants in flovver in the open air in my garden here on New Year's Day shows a larger total than in the two preceding years ; this I attribute to the greater amount of rain that has fallen exercising a beneticial influence on this region, which too often suffers from drought and excess of sunshine. The very severe winter which prevails over thegreater l)art of Europe has also been felt in a marUed degree along this coast. On the 12th of last month the country down even to the seashore was covered with snow — an exceedingly rare occurrence; the temperature showed two or three degrees of frost, a small piece of ornamental water in my grirden being covered with ice a quarter of an inch in thickness; nevertheless I cannot find that I have any plant actually killed by the cold. At Cannes, which is mucli more exposed to northerly winds, the case is far different, and I saw last weclc in pas.sing that place the Aralia papyrifera, Wigandia Vigicrii, Phytolacca, ,\;c., frozen and dead. That insect pest. Phylloxera, fortunately for the Vine cultivators, has not yet made its appearance in Italy. The Custom-house authorities are certainly zealous if not very discreet or consistent in their endeavours to arrest it at the frontier, which is one mile distant from this place. Potatos, cuttings, and even bouquets are instantly seized and confiscated. English young ladies taking some pet Fern or other plant collected at Mentone with a view of conveying it to England when their travels in la hclla Italia shall be ended are not a little vexed at being deprived, often without explanation, of their treasure, and at seeinj^ it ruth- lessly thrown into the sea. A botanical friend paid me a visit last spring ; on arriving at the Custom- house many specimens of plants he had collected and dried in the .South of France were taken out of the pressing paper, pounded up to powder, and then burnt. His intense disgust was not lessened the next day by observing that the Custom-house officers allowed a much larger lot of dried plants, to wit a load of hay for my horses, &c., to pass from France into Italy without comment ! Thomas Ifanbury. Air in the Garden of the near Mentone, in Fimucr on Hypericum canariense Ibetis sempervirens Jasminum azoricuni M nudifloruui Justiciii arborea Kleinia articulata ,, ficoides ., odora ,. neriifolia Lantana Cammara Lavandula multifida .. pinnata Lavatera californica Lobelia Lopfiospermum scandens Malva fragrans ., capensis IM.iurandia Barclayana Medicago arborea Metianthus Trimeniana Mesembryanthemum lupinum .. iigrinum Moricandia arvensis Narcissus (two vars ) Neja falcata Nicotiana gfauca Othonna carnosa .> iriplinervia * Pacfiyphytum bracteosuin Passerina lursuta Passiflora princeps Petunia Plumbago capensis Primula sinensis Polygala Dalmaisiana ,, virgata Polygom^m platycentrum Funica Granatum Rochea coccinea Khaphloiepis indica Rhus excisa ,. trifoliata Rosa (many vars.) Russefia juncea Salvia azurea „ coccinea „ eriocalyx ,1 farinacea 1, frutescens .. Grahami ,, Heeriana ,. fantanifolia ., leonurioides ., princeps -. semiatrata Scfiinus JMoIle Senecio angulatus „ longifolius ,, macroglossus ,1 niikanioides .> oxyriaifolius Sempervivum arboreum Sida Solanum cyananthum ), jasminoides ,. verbascifolium Sparmannia africana Spira:a Reevesiana Tacsonia mollissima Tasmannia tephrosperma Tecoma capensis Teucrium fruticans Veronica (many vars.) Viburnum Tinus Vinca Virgilia capensis Visnea Mocanera Vittadenia triloba Yucca pendula ,, plicata Plants Crowing in th-^ OpCK Palazzo OrengOy Mortality yanieary i, 187^. Abutilon(niany var.) | Acacia iceaphylia ,, Lophantha speciosa ,, ovata ,, retmoid^s ,, saligna Agath^ea co^Iestis Agave VcraChafTeltii AiLonia capensis Aloe ciliaris ,, africana Antirrhinum (many var.) Anemone coronaria Aralia dactylifera ,, Scheffleri ,, papyrifera ,, Sieboldii ., hedersfolia Arbutus Unedo Arum Arisarum Aster elongatus ,, muricatus Baccharis halimifolia Bougainvillea glabra B'juvardia leiantha BeUis rotundifolia Buddleia americana ,, Lindleyana , , madagascariensis ,, salicifolia Camellia japonica Callitris quadrivalvis Cantua penduliflora Casuaruia quadrivalvis Ceratonia Siliqua Cestrum aurantiacum ,, roseum Cheiranthus Cheiri Chimonanthus fragrans Chrysanthemum ftcniculaceum „ frutescens Cineraria maritima Cistus albidus Citrus (three vars.) Clematis cirrhosa CoUetia bictoniensis ,, cruciata Conyza glutinosa Correa alba ,, cardinalis Corylus Avellana Cotyledon luridum ,, macranthum Crassula sp. Cyperus alternifolius Datura alba Diosma alba Diplopappus filifoHus Duranta inermis Echium frutescens Elaeagnus crispa ,, retlexa Eriobotrya japonica Eriocephalub africanus ,, filifolius Ephedra altissima Eucalyptus globulus ,, Melanoxylon Eupatorium micranthum Euphorbia abyssinica ,1 globulus ,, oxystegia ,, splendens Euryops Athanasia: Gasteria latipunctata Geranium (many var.) Globularia Alypum Gompho.stachys arbore.scens Heliotropiiim peruvianum Helleborus vindis 56 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January ii, 1879. IJatitcs of fioflhs. Memoirs of the Botanic Garden at Chelsea, hdoiiging to the Society of Apothecaries. l!y the late Henry Field. Revised, corrected, and con- tinued to the present time by R. H. Semple, M.D. Trinted for private circulation. Among the Botanic Gardens of Europe that at Chelsea, though among the smallest, is one of the most interesting. Its history is a record of fluctua- tion— now prosperous, now starved for want of funds, now again flourishing, it might take the motto of the city of Paris — Flitctiiat nee meri^itur — -as its device. Two centuries have now elapsed since the garden was established l>y the Society of Apothecaries, a body remarkable for their zealous promotion of the sciences bearing on medicine, at a time when their importance was not so generally recognised as it now is. Nearly two centuries ago the Cedar trees, of of which one only, and that a wreck, now survives, were planted. About the same period John Evelyn, a good judge, visited the garden, and after noting the innumerable varieties of simples there cultivated, goes on to speak of the heating of the stoves. " What was very ingenious was the subterraneous heat, con- veyed by a stove under the conservatory, all vaulted with brick, so as he has the doores and windowes cpen in the hardest frosts, secluding only the snow." In 1695 the garden came under the management of Mr. Doody, commemorated in Doodia, and esteemed as a botanist by Ray and Jussieu. Petiver was another botanist connected with the garden, who managed to carry on his studies in the midst of the distractions of a large medical practice. In 1709, and perhaps before that date, Petiver was Demonstrator of Botany to the Society. In 1722 Sir Hans Sloane, a famous London physician, and a keen naturalist, made over the garden to the Society "to have and to hold for ever " on payment of a yearly rent of £% and on condition that fifty plants, grown in the garden and well preserved and dried, should be given to the Royal Society of London annually till the number should amount to 2000. Should the garden be used for any purposes than those of a physic garden then the ground was to lapse to Sir Hans or his descendants, to hold the same in trust for the President and Fellows of the Royal Society on the same conditions, or for the Pre- sident and Fellows of the College of Physicians, sub- ject to the same conditions. The Society was now virtually in possession of the garden, and speedily appointed Philip Miller, a man who conferred great honour on the garden of which he had charge, and who takes rank as the prince of botanic gardeners. A director, or Pncjcctus Horti, was also appointed in the person of Mr. Isaac Rand (Randia), who acted also as Demonstrator of Plants. In 1732 a greenhouse and two hothouses were erected at the cost of the Society, Sir Hans Sloane laying the first stone, and in the following year the statue of the distinguished benefactor above-mentioned, which still stands in the garden, though the features are well-nigh obliterated by the corroding effects of a London atmosphere, was erected. In 1736 Linnxus paid a visit to the garden — a circumstance which gives opportunityto the author for a brief account of the Linna:an system, which, brief as it is, might well have been omitted. In 1732 there seems to have been some unpleasant- ness between the Pncfectus Horti (Mr. Rand) and the gardener, Mr. Philip Miller : both these botanists published catalogues of the contents of the garden. Amongst other names of botanists more or less con- nected^with the Chelsea garden arc Dr. Samuel Dale, Mrs. Elizabeth Blackwell, the authoress of a Herbal ; Mr. William Hudson (/■&)•« .-iwi'/iVa), William Curtis, the publisher of the Flora Londinciisis, and the founder of the Botanical Maga-iiic : Mr. William Forsyth, and others of whom slight memoirs are given in the volume before us. Mr. Field's original work was concluded in 1S20, and the history of the garden from that time to the present has been continued with greater literary skill by the present editor. Dr. Semple. Dr. Semple begins his portion of the work with an admirable account of the Society's " herborisings," and a well written memoir of Mr. Thomas Wheeler, whose peculiarities of manner and sterling excellence furnish occasion for a biographical notice which will be read with as much pleasure by the general reader as by those who are interested in the fortunes of the garden. We cannot refrain from citing one story which, among many, is characteristic of the man. Mr. Wheeler was apothecary to St. Bartholomew's Hos- pital, where he was a great favourite with thepupilsand on one occasion " he was descanting on the follies of superfluities in dress. Young Lawrence, afterwards the distinguished .Sir William Lawrence, Bart., said, with his usual assumed gravity, 'Well, but, Mr. Wheeler, how can you support such a doctrine while you wear such a superfluity as this ?' lifting up the small queue or pigtail which Wheeler wore. Thus taken aback, the old man confessed that it was superfluous. ' Yes, my dear sir, you are right ; we are too prone to preach one tiling and to practise another. I never thought of it ; cut it off, sir — pray cut it off,' and Lawrence forthwith performed the operation requested !" In 1S30 botanical lectures were first regularly given to the medical students of the metropolis, and not merely, as heretofore, to the apprentices of the .Society only, and these lectures were of very great service to students. In 1835, after a short tenure of office by Mr. Gilbert Burnet, Dr. Lindley was appointed to deliver these lectures, and the present writer retains an abiding sense of their value and of the assistance which the garden aflorded some quarter of a century ago to the botanical student. Lindley 's idea was to supplement the ordinary system- atic courses of lectures given at the several hospitals by practical demonstrations of medicinal and other plants which the garden aflbrded. Taking any plant as it seemed at random, he picked it to pieces before the pupils, and by the aid of a black board and a piece of chalk he gave what in medicine would be called a " clinical lecture. " Notes of these lectures are before us as we write, and remain among the most cherished reminiscences of our student days. Dr. Lindley made various suggestions as to the better manage- ment of the garden, and seems not to have got on very well with the then gardener, Mr. William Anderson, who though of rough manners was of a generous disposition, as the following story illus- trates. It appears that the Emperor of Russia pre- sented him with a diamond ring of the value of one hundred guineas, in return for the care he had bestowed on some valuable Orange trees belonging to His Majesty. "Those who remember Mr. Ander- son's tall and burly form and his ordinary coarse and old-fashioned style of dress will be inclined to wonder, first, how a diamond ring of such value would be consistent with the rest of his attire ; and, secondly, what kind of ring it must have been to fit the gigantic finger of the wearer. The ring, however, was con- structed specially for the purpose intended, and Mr. Anderson was of course very careful of it and proud of possessing it, although he very seldom wore it. But on his death this valuable ornament could nowhere be found, and after ransacking all his drawers and cabinets in vain, a pawnbroker's ticket was at last discovered, showing where the costly trinket had been pledged. It turned out on investi- gation that Mr. Anderson had been induced on some occasion to help a necessitous friend, and not having the money sufficient to enable him to do so had actu- ally pawned this keepsake for the purpose ! " Mr. Anderson died in 1S46, and was succeeded by Mr. Robert Fortune, who resigned his appointment in 1S4S on being selected to proceed to China to collect Tea plants, and was followed by Mr. Thomas Moore. The modern history of the garden is then briefly touched on by Dr. Semple, who con- tributes a sympathetic memoir of the late N. B. Ward. We have alluded to the valuable aid this garden has afforded to those students who were really interested in botany, and to the prizes offered by the Society. The gold medal of the Society was considered among London students as the blue-ribbon of botany, and it is interesting to see among the names of the recipients of these prizes those of William Tenner, now Sir William Jenner, Professor Huxley, Golding Bird, and many now eminent physicians and botanists. We regret that Dr. Semple has not been able to include the names of some of those who attended the lectures in the carlysummer mornings at Chelsea, for among them he would assuredly ha\e found the names of many men now eminent as physi- cians or surgeons. The walk to Chelsea, the hour or two spent in the garden, the ride home on the steamboats, formed delightful changes to medical students, the more studious of whom in those pre- athletic days had but little chance of getting fresh air or exercise. One of the latest steps taken in connec- tion with the garden is one quite in consonance with the general policy of the Society of Apothecaries — we allude to the facilities granted to young girls to study botany, and to the encouragement offered to them by means of examinations and prizes. About an acre has recently been added to the garden by removing an inner wall and appropriating the space intervening between the old garden and the Thames Embankment, alongside which a very hand- some iron fence has been erected. The garden is thus thrown o[ien to public view from the south side, and forms an interesting feature in passing along the high ro.ad. Of late years the hardy collection of medical plants has been extended, and is now one of the best near London, and exceedingly useful to students. Besides these a considerable portion of the garden is devoted to other hardy plants, arranged in groups under their natural orders. Altogether the garden is in a more efficient condition for educational purposes than it heretofore has been. The work contains plans of the garden in its pre- sent state, and a list of the hardy medicinal plants cultivated, so arranged that they can readily be found by its aid. We congratulate Dr. .Semple on having produced a volume peculiarly interesting to those who have a personal knowledge of the garden, and hardly less so to the general reader. STA TE OF THE WEA THER A T BLACKHEA TH, LONDOI^ For the Week ending Wednesday, Jan. 8, 1879. Hygrome- trical De-i Barometer Temperature of THE Air. ductions from Glaisher's Wind. Tables 6lh Q Edition. u Z -J e 1 c o>.8 V s I 2 Mean lte,-i Reduced 32° Fah Departure Average 18 jear Highes 1 1 rt Mean f _ Day. eparture 0 "rom Avera 60 year Dew Toi " Degree Humidi Sat. = I "3 1 1 Q 1 Jan. 2 In. 29.87 In- ' 0 ' » 0 1 0 ' 0 0 1 f NNW- '"■ + 0.0833.028.1 4.930-5— 6'.427.o 86J \vj^\v ^•^'^ 3 29.27 1—0.5046.0 28.8 17.2 37-7+ I 036.3 9S{ WNW''<'= 4 29.68 ' — 0.0837.029.0 8.033.2— 3.428.5 =4'n'u-'-- 5 29.97 1+0.2235.228.0' 7-2 31 -7— 4828.8 88 W. 0.00 6 30.06 +0.32 31.022.7 8.327.1— 9.3'23-2 *S) WNW °°° 7 29,79 +0.0533.127.0 6.1 30-1— 6.224.8 n{ =1:1 ■■ 0.00 8 29.52 — 0.21 33-6 24.8 8.8 29-6— 6.6 24 -s 81 E.S.E. 0.00 Mean' 25.74 I— 0.0235.626.5 8.731 4— 5.127.6 8s variable^"" Jan. 2.— A fine day, but very cloudy. Snow and rain tell in early morning. Very cold. Lunar halo at night. — 3. — A miserable damp day. Rain throughout. Tempe- rature decreased after 0.30 F..M. Cold at night. — 4.— Dull and gloomy till evening, then cloudless. Cold. — 5. — A fine cold dav- Little mist after 3 p.m. Hoar frost. Cloudless at night. — 6. — A dull day. Raw cold. Miity. Hoar frost. — 7. — Overcast and dull throughout. Very cold. Windy. Temperature fell steadily after 11 A.M. — 8.— A very fine day. Strong wind. Very cold. Beautifully clear and moonlight at night. The atmosphere was unusually clear at night, and objects were seen at a far greater distance than is usual. London : Barometer. — During the week ending Saturday, January 4, 1S79, in the suburbs of London the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea decreased from 29.51 inches at the beginning of the week to 29.50 inches by the morning of December 29, increased to 29. 85 inches by noon on January i, decreased to 29.50 inches by the even- ing of the the same day, increased to 30.13 inches by the afternoon of the 2d, decreased to 29.34 inches by the morning of the 3d, and increased to 29.99 inches by the end of the week. The mean daily readings were below their respective averages on every day in the week except Thursday, when the mean value was o.oS inch above the average ; the greatest depar- tures in delect were December 29, 0.56 inch ; 30th, 0.55 inch ; 31st, 0.51 inch ; and January 3, 0.50 inch. The mean readmg for the week at sea-level was 29.67 inches, being 0.12 inch below that of the preceding week, and 0.35 inch below the average. Temperature. — The highest temperatures of the air observed by day varied from 56^° on December 30, 54^" on the 31st, and 50]° on January i, to 33° on January 2 ; the mean value for the week was 46^°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night varied from 28° on January 2 and 28^° on the 3d to 48^° on December 31 ; the mean for the week was January ii, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 57 341". The mean daily range of temperature of the air for the week was 11 J°, the greatest range in the day being lS|^ on January I, and the least 5° on the 2d. The mean daily temperatures of the air and the departures from their respective averages were as follows : — December 29th, 4l".3, + 3°.9 ; 30th, 51°.!, X I3°.S ; 31st, 5i°.3, + 14°. I ; January 1st, 4i°-i, +3"-9; 2d, 30°.5, — 6°.4; 3d, 37°.7, + 1° ; 4th, 33°.2, — ■ 3°-4. The mean temperature of the air for the week was 40°.9, being 3°. 8 above the average of sixty years' observations. The highest readings of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo, placed in sun's rays, were 77!° on the 29th of December, 76° on the 30th, and 71° on the 31st ; on Jan. 2 the highest reading was 43°. The lowest readings of a thermometer on grass, with its bulb exposed to the sky, were 25°, both on the 1st and 2d of January ; 36' on the 3d, and 27° on the 4th ; the mean of the seven lowest readings was 33°. IVind. — The direction of the wmd was variable, and its strength brisk. The weather during the first part of the week was very mild, but was cold during the latter part. Rain fell on six days during the week, the amount measured was 1. 91 inch. Sn(nti fell on January I and 2. A lunar halo was seen on January 2. The weather was very changeable during the first three days of January. England: Temperature. — During the week ending Saturday, January 4, the highest temperatures of the air observed by day were 56}° at Blackheath, 55° at Truro and Cambridge, 541" at Nottingham, and 54° at Norwich ; the highest temperature of the air at Sunderland was 49°, and at Brighton, Hull, Bradford, and Leeds, all 51° ; the mean value from all places was 52J'. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night were 15° at Nottingham, 16° at Hull, 20° at Wolverhampton, 22° at Leicester, 23° at Bristol, Norwich, .and Sheffield, 23j° at Cam- bridge, and 24° at Bradford and Leeds ; the lowest temperature of the air at Truro was 34°, and at Plymouth was ^iT,)^ > the mean from all stations was 24j'. The range of temperature in the week was the greatest at Nottingham, 39|°, and the least at Plymouth and Brighton, 20" ; the mean range from all places was 28°. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was the highest at Truro, 52 J°, Plymouth S'i°' ^"d Brighton 47° ; and the lowest at Hull, 40^°, and Leicester, 41^°; the general mean from all places was 44j°. The mean of the seven low night tempe- ratures was the lowest at Wolverhampton, 30°, Not- tingham and Hull 30]°, Leicester 32|°, and Sheffield, Bradford and Leeds all 23' ! ^"d 'he highest at Truro, 4i|°, and Plymouth 40°; the mean from all stations was 344". The mean daily range of tem- perature in the week was the least at Brighton and Sunderland, both 8J", and the greatest at Not- tingham, I2j° ; the mean daily range of temperature from all places was I0^°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all stations was 39|°, being 4° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 187S. The mean tem- perature for the week was the highest at Truro, 47°, Plymouth, 45!°, and Brighton, 42^° ; and the lowest at Hull, 354° ; Wolverhampton, 35I", and Notting- ham, 36.f . A'aiii or snoia fell five or six days in the week at most places. The largest amounts measured were at Plymouth, 3.38 inches, Bristol. 2.76 inches, Truro, 2.45 inches, Brighton, 2.0S inches, and Blackheath, 1.91 inch, at other places the amounts varied from three to seven-tenths of an inch ; the average fall over the country was i^ inch. The weather during the week was generally dull, and the sky cloudy. Snow fell at many places. On December 30 and 31, 1878, the weather was exceed- ingly mild everywhere. A solar halo was seen at Cambridge on January i. Scotland : Temperature. — During the week ending Saturday, January 4, 1879, the highest tempe- ratures of the air observed by day varied from 51° at Perth, 50^° at Paisley, and 50" at Leith, to 44;!" at Aberdeen ; the mean value from all places was 48^°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night varied from 11° at Greenock, 15" at Perth, 16° at Aberdeen, and 18° at Dundee, to 26° at Glasgow. The mean range of temperature from all stations in the week was 29°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all stations was 34!", being 5° lower than that of England and f lower than the value for the corre- sponding week m 187S. The highest were 36.;° at Glasgow and Leith, and 35° at Paisley ; and the lowest were 32^° at Aberdeen and 334° at Greenock. Rain. — The amounts of rain and melted snow measured during the week varied from 2 inches at Greenock to half an inch at both Dundee and Leith ; the average amount over the country was 1. 12 inch. Dublin. — The highest temperature of the air was S3l°, the lowest was 22^°, the range was 31°, the mean was 37°, and the amount of rain and melted snow was 0.35 inch. TAMES GLAISHER. #t(ituarg. The late spell of severe cold, which proved so fatal to many aged gardeners, has not spared some younger men, and amongst these as worthy a passing record to his memory is Charles John Higgs, who for the past nine years had heen gardener to Mrs. Crawshay, at Caversham Park, near Reading. Up to recently apparently hale, hearty, and robust, he was taken off at the comparatively early age of thirty-six, on Boxing Day last, in what well might be termed the full vigour of strength and manhood. Whilst yet a lad Mr. Higgs entered the service of Mr. Jones, nurseryman, Henley-on-Thames, and was for some timein that employ ; then he removed to Southampton, there for a time undertaking the duties of foreman in the market establishment of Messrs. Oakley & Wat- ling, and again changed to the charge of the gardens atCrabwood, near Southampton, the residence of Mr. RoUes Driver. Here for several years he was enabled to display his energies in many and varied improvements, and gave his employer the most entire satisfaction. During his residence at Crab- wood he became not only a member of the committee, but alsoapermanentexhibitor of theSouthampton Hor- ticultural Society. He also joined most thoroughly in the establishment of a society limited to his own imme- diate locality, to which his hearty support was given, and that society flourishes now that some thirteen years have passed since its formation. Becoming ulti- mately anxious to obtain a larger sphere of work, he succeeded in obtaining charge of the gardens at Caversham Park, where he soon made a good repu- tation as a prominent exhibitor at the Reading shows until the death of Mrs. Crawshay removed the chief garden influence. He was well and widely known, and deservedly esteemed. The death is announced of Mr. Henry Corbet, for many years editor of the Mark Lane Express, at the age of fifty-eight years. Mr. Corbet, who was well known as a vigorous writer on agri- cultural subjects, and the author of a prize essay on " Farm Leases," had been suffering from paralysis for three years, and gradually sank from the effects of the disease. At the end of 1875 he was com- pelled to retire from active work, and although he first tried change of air and scene, it soon became apparent that recovery was hopeless. His death took place on Sunday morning, December 29. We have also to record the death, on Satur- day the 4th inst., at his residence, Whittington Hill, near Lichfield, of Mr. John Holmes. The deceased gentleman, who was in his 8lst year, was a cousin of Mr. Edward Holmes, of the Whittington Nursery, and was for upwards of twenty years a partner in the firm of Fisher, Holmes & Co., of the Handsworth Nursery, near Sheffield. Answers to Correspondents. American Blight: Fern. Wash the trees with a mixture of paraffin (a wineglassful to 4 gallons of water, keeping it well mixed) ; apply with a scrubbing- brush, and wash shortly afterwards with clean water, which can be applied with a syringe or garden engine. Carriage-drives and Walks ; C. VV. S. The moss you complain of arises from excess of moisture. If the drainage is not efficient, this, then, is the first and fundamental remedy. .Supposing this is not the case, you can kill the moss by sprinkling salt on the roads in dry weather next spring, or water with dilute carbolic acid, the strength of which you had belter try on a small scale. It will do no harm to the walk ; but, like the salt, must be kept away from grass or herbage forming the margin. Change of Address : We are asked to state that Mr. Alex. McKenzie's address is now Tower Chambers, Moorgate Street, E.G. Cucumbers : S. B. G. Several separate treatises on the growth of Cucumbers have been published, but they are probably ail out of print. You cannot do better than carefully read and apply the remarks given in our Calendar of Operations, which is provided to meet such cases as yours. Flora of Central America : R. P. We do not know of any complete work. Information must be sought in various works and periodicals. Formation of a Vine Border : Enquirer. The whole space for the border ought to be excavated to a depth of 3 feet ; place in the bottom a foot or more of drainage ; broken bricks answer well. A drain should be laid about 6 inches deeper along the front of the border. Over the brickbats place a layer of freshly-cut turves with the grass side under. If this cannot be obtained, some straw or other material will do. It is to prevent the finer mould from mixing with the drainage. Then as to tiie compost, the more simple it is the better. If good turfy loam can be olitained, this will do without anything added to it. We liave seen borders made with the composts recom- mended by good Vine growers, such as crushed bones, charcoal, lime rubbish, and manure mixed with loam ; and the results from pure turfy loam alone were as good, if not better, than those obtained from the more elaborate composts. It is easy to add manure from the surface afterwards. If crushed bones and char- coal can readily be obtained, add i cwt. of bones and 2 bushels of charcoal to every five loads of the loam. The border should be raised a foot above the level 01 the surrounding ground. If turfy loam cannot be had use the mould that was dug out, and if it is poor soil, add to it one part of manure to six of the soil, including the bones and charcoal. — Lindon Hill. The above will answer your question. Heating : Lindm Hill. It is evident from your ex- planation that the pipes are not properly laid. If the valves are opened the water should circulate easily enough. Probably the levels are not right. Heating Greenhouses : Querist. Our recommenda- tions were made on the supposition that it was a single apparatus you required, but if you have separate divisions, and want to keep one hotter than the other, and to introduce stop- valves, &c. , you will do little good with the earthenware pipes, and had better at once adopt iron pipes, with the india-rubber ring joints. If you adopt the earthenware, it must be glazed — the ordinary glazed drain pipes — surely you can have no trouble in procuring these. Insects : A Begintwr. The insects received are the common black beetles in the winged state. They are very destructive in houses, and should be got rid of at once with Chace's Beetle Poison, or by any other means. N.\MES OF Fruit : H. Weyringer, Vienna. Wedonot recognise any of the Apples, nor are we able to say if they are known in France. They are distinct from any of our English sorts, or at any rate having been grown in a different climate they have a very different appearance, and are of a different texture to any of ours. Names of Plants : J. M., Kettlewcll. Coelogyne Gardnerianum. — H. Jarvis. i, Epidendrum alatum ; 2, Dendrobium sp. , send better specimen. — A. W. T, Croton glandulosum (are we at liberty to publish your experience with this plant?) ; 2, Adiantum;ethio- picuni ; 3, Blechnum australe ; 4, Nephrodium macro- phyllum. — Inquirer. We cannot help you, not having preserved the leaf Indeed it is very rarely that an unfamiliar plant can he named from leaves only. — W. A. H. The grass appears to be Panicum plicatum. We cannot undertake to name the Crotons. — A. G. M, I, Nepenthes distillatoria ; 2, Polystichum capense ; 3, Pteris quadriaurita ; 4, Lastrea tenericaulis ; 5, Microlepia platyphylla ; 6, Blechnum occidentale. Works on Orchids : R. P. Yes, there do exist works on Orcliids in plenty. You should specify more par- ticularly what you want. If you require a complete enumeration up to the present time we fear there is nothing to suit you. You will have to consult severa I works and periodicals. Communications Received :— H.'C. W.— D. T. F.— E. G. — B. S. VV. — B. J — W. H. — VV. G. S.— D. B. — H. W. W. — R. D. — A. R. (we will try and answer your question in our next).— Y. Z. lilarlvets. CO VENT GARDEN, January 9. Our market still keeps quiet, with no alteration in values. Large consignments of St. Michael Pines are reaching us, prices being very low. 'James Webber^ Wholesale Apple Market. Plants in Pots. s. d. s. d. Arum Lily, or Rich- ardia aethiop.,doz. 18 0-24 o Azaleas, per dozen.. 24 0-60 o Begonias, per doz. . . 6 0-12 o Bouvardia.'i, per doz. 18 0-24 o Camellias, per dozeniS 0-60 o Cinerarias, per doz. 12 c-i8 o Cyclamens, per doz, 12 0-30 o Cyperus, per dozen 6 0-12 o Dracaena terminalis 30 0-60 o — viridis, per doz. .. 18 0-24 o Epiphyllum, perdoz.18 0-60 o Erica Caffra, p. doz. 6 o- g o — gracilis, p. dozen 9 o-iz o — hyemalis, p. doz. 12 0-42 o Euonymus, var.,doz. 6 0-18 o Ferns, in var., p. doz. 4 Ficus elastica, each a Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each . . ..2 Hyacinths, per doz. 6 Hyacin., Rom , doz.12 Mignoneile, per doz. 6 Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 Palms m variety, each . . . . 2 Pelargoniums. scar- lets, zonal, doz . . 6 Primulas, per dozen 6 Solanums, per doz. 6 Tulips, per dozen .. 9 d.s. d. a-i» 0 6-1, 0 O-IO 6 0-18 0 0-18 0 0-9 0 0-12 0 6-ji 0 0-12 0 0-I2 0 o-ia 0 0-18 0 Abutilon, 12 blooms 06-10 Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 6 0-18 o Azaleas, 12 sprays .. 10-30 Bouvardias, per bun. 10-40 Camellias, per dozen 3 o-i8 o Carnations, per dozen 16-40 Cyclamen, 12 blooms 06-16 Deutiia, 12 bunches 6 c-12 o Epiphyllum, 12 blms. 10-30 Eucharis, per doz. .. 6 0-18 o Gardenias, 12 blms.12 0-24 o Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. 06-10 Hyacinths, 12 bpks. 4 0-12 o — Roman, 12 spks. 20-40 Cut Flowers. . d, s. d. Lilyof Val.,i2sprays 3 Mignonette, 12 bun. 12 Narcissus, paper- while, 12 sprays .. 2 Pelargoniums. 12 spr. 2 — zonal, 12 sprays i Primula, double, per bunch . . . . I Roses (indoor), doz. 2 Tropaeolum, 12 bun. 2 Tuberoses, per dozen 3 Tulips, 12 blooms . . i Violets, 12 bunches 4 o- q a 0-18 o 0-60 0-40 0-20 o- a o 0-12 o 0-60 c- 6 o 0-30 0-90 58 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January ii, 1879. Kruit. s. d. s. d. Apples, K-basket . . 16-50 Cobs and Kiiberts, lb. 09-10 Grapes, per lb. ..30-80 Lemons, per 100 .. % o-io o s. d. s. d. Oranges, per 100 .. 40-80 Pears, per doz. .. 40- 80 Pine-apples, per lb, 20-40 Vegetables. . d. s. d. Artichokes, English Globe, doz. .. 20-40 — Jerusalem, bush. 40-.. Asparagus, Fr. sprue, per bundle .. i 6- .. — Fr. giant, p. bun. 18 c- .. Beans, French, p. 100 20-.. Beet, per doz, .. 10-20 Brus. sprouts, bush.io Cabbages, per doz. .. 10-20 Carrots, per bunch . . 04-06 Cauliflowers, per doz. 20-30 Celery, per bundle .. 16-20 Chilis, per 100 .. 20- .. Cucumbers, each . . 10-20 Endive, Batav. dozen 16-.. Garlic, per lb. .. 06- .. Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04 The Potato market is quiet, and without alteration in prices : Regents, 100s. to 1305. ; Early Rose, iios. to 1205'. per ton. s. d. s. d. Horse Radish, p.bun. 40-.. Lettuces, Cabbage, per doz. .. ..16-.. Mint, green, bunch. . 16-.. Onions, young, bun, 04-06 Parsley, per bunch.. 04-.. Peas, per quart .,12 o- .. Potaios, new, basket 10-.. Radishes, per bunch 01-03 — Spanish, doz. . . 10- . . — New Jersey, doz. 20-.. Rhubarb, doz. ..10 o- .. Shallots, per lb. .. 06- .. Seakale, per punnet 26-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-50 Sweet Potatos, per lb. 06-.. Tomatos, per dozen 26-30 Turnips, p. 12 bunch. 30-.. SEEDS. London : ya/i. 8. — The seed market has this week been better attended, and there has been a gradually improving demand for farm seeds. The most striking feature of the present season is the unusually low range of values current for all varieties. As regards red Clover and Cowgrass the yield in all the sowing districts of this country is, without doubt, very large ; but the quality is for the most part disappointing — the seed in nearly every instance lacking size as well as depth of colour. In American red there is no quotable alteration : the imports into the United Kingdom hnve been throughout remark- ably light, nor does any great or speedy increase in the shipments hither appear probable. With respect to Trefoil the hardening tendency lately noted has con- tinued to make further progress. The satisfactory quality and the extreme cheapness of the new Alsike are attracting more and more attention. For white Clover the trade is steady but quiet. Rye-grasses, both Scotch and Irish, although low in price, are still neglected : the same can be said of French-Italian. There is a better sale for Haricot Beans and boiling Peas. Canary and Hemp seed move off slowly on former moderate terms. ^o/in Shaw 6^ Sons, Seed Merchants, ^y, Mark Lane, London, E.C. CORN. At Mark Lane on Monday trade was very dull for Wheat, and prices had a downward tendency. The supply of English Wheat was short, and the condition of the produce unsatisfactory. Good malting Barley was scarce and fully as dear. Sundry parcels were neglected. Malt was dull and without change. Oats and Maize were in limited request, and prices were with difficulty supported. Beans and Peas were purchased sparingly on recent terms. Flour was inactive and cheaper to sell. — On Wednesday there was very little demand for cereal produce, and the tone of the market remained weak. For English Wheat prices were almost nominal ; and foreign was cheaper where pressed for sale. Oats, Maize, flour, and other classes of produce had a similarly dull and unsatisfactory market ; but as regards fine malting Barley, which continues very scarce, prices were decidedly firm. — Average prices of corn for the week ending Jan. 4 ; — Wheat, yjs. -jd. ; Barley, 38J. lorf. ; Oats, zos. ^d. For the corresponding term last year ; — Wheat, Sij. 8d. ; Barley, 43^. 11/. ; Oats, 24J. ^d. HAY. Tuesday's Whitechapel report states that the market was only moderately supplied with fodder ; and that trade in consequence showed a slight improvement at firm prices. Prime Clover, loos. to io8i. ; inferior, Sos. to 90J. ; prime meadow hay, 755. to 84?. ; inferior, 40J. to yoy. ; and straw, 30.?. to 38J. per load. — There was a moderate supply of fodder at market on Thursday with a fair trade ; prices were rather better for best Clover ; — Prime Clover, loos. to iios. ; inferior, Sos. to gos. ; prime meadow hay, 75J. to 84J. ; inferior, 40J. to yos. ; and straw, 30^. to 38J. per load. — Cumberland Market quotations : — Superior meadow hay, 84J. to gizs. ; inferior, 65J. to 74.f. : superior Clover, iioj. to x-2os. ; inferior, 80J. to 94J. ; and straw, 38.?. to 44r. per load. POTATOS. The Borough and Spitalfields report states that the supplies were rather limited, and for the better kinds trade remained steady. Inferior Potatos were dull and irregular : — Kent Regents, 100s. to 11 55. per ton ; Essex ditto, 8at. to 100s. ; flukes, jios. to 140J. ; Victorias, Iios, to 135^. : Champions, Sos. to 90J. per ton. — The importation into London last week was upon a very small scale ; 3102 bags were received from Hamburg, 150 tons 200 sacks Rouen, and 158 tons from Dahouert. COALS. There was a good demand for house coals on Monday, and prices advanced is. per ton ; Hartley's, however, receded 6d. per ton. On Wednesday, in consequence of the continued cold weather, there was an active demand for house coals, and prices further advanced 6d. per ton. Quotadons : — Springwell West Hartley, 141. 3^. ; Walls End — Lambton, 20s. ; Original HarUe- pool, 201. 6d. ; Wear, igs. 31/. ; Tunstall, iSs. gd. ; Thomley, igs. 6d. ECONOMY IN THE GARDEN BEST ENSURED BY THE USE OF '^^^COLLECTIONS OF ^- VEGETABlE^iEDS PRODUCE A CONSTANTSUPPLY OF THE BEST VEGETABLES ■ALL-THEYEARROUND SPECIALLY ADAPTED I COTriGE,YlLL/^ GARDENS ^(2 NO CHARCE FOR PACK/NG. From the Head Gardener to H.K.H. the Prince of Wales (to whom Messrs. Carter have the honour of supplying a large proportion of the Seeds required). ' CARTER'S SEEDS ARE FIRST-CLASS -ONE AND ALL." Price Is. 3d., post-free. Gratis to Purohasers. ' The most reliable Gardening Guide." Beautifully illustrated. The Huntingdon Nursery and Seed Establishment. Established a Century and a Half. THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN. HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. WOOD & INGRAM'S NEW and SELECT DESCRIPTIVE PRICED CATALOGUE of VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and AGRICULTURAL SEEDS {Includiijg the best Novelties of the Season), With short Cultural Instructions, Is now ready, and will be sent free on application. W. & I.'s GUINEA COLLECTION contains, without doubt, the most liberal assortment of the best Vegetable Seeds that can be obtained, and will be forwarded, carriage paid, to any part of the kingdom. CHOICE HOME-GROWN SEEDS FOR 1879. JOHI CATTELL'S Descriptive CATALOGUE of the above, containing many Illustrations of Vegetables and Flowers, is now ready, and may be had post- free on application. The following J. C. can highly recommend : — PEAS, Cattell's Giant White Marrow, 31. per quart. BEAN, Early Purple Flageolet, highly recommended for forcing, is. td. per pint. BEET, Cattell's Dwarf Purple-top, is. per packet. BROCCOLI, Cattell's Eclipse, the hardiest and latest in culti- vation. IX. 6rf. per packet. BRUSSELS SPROUTS, Cattell's five selected, is. per packet. CABBAGE, Cattell's Reliance, is. per packet. CAULIFLOWER. Cattell's Improved Walcheren, is. 6d. pkt. CELERY, Cattell's Dwarf Hardy Red, 15. per packet. CUCUMBER. Kirklees Hall Defiance, is. td. per packet. LETTUCE, Cattell's Leviathan Cos. 2J. 6rf. per packet. ,. Cattell's Hardy White Cos. is. id. per packet. ONION, Cattell's Mammoth, 11. td. per packet. PARSLE V, Cattell's Exquisite Curled, id. and is. per packet. RADISH. Cattell's Purple Olive-shaped, is. id. per packet. TURNIP, Cattell's Silver Ball. id. and 11. per packet. ., Cattell's Dwarf Purple-top, id. and is. per packet. POTATO, Cattell's Eclipse Kidney, First-Class Certificate 4^. per peck. ,, Cattell's Reliance Kidney. 31. id. per peck. ,, Cattell's Advancer Kidney, v- id. per peck. FLOWER SEEDS. BEGONIA, saved from the finest tuberous-rooted sorts, u. id. per packet. . , CALCEOLARIA, saved from choice varieties, is. and M. id. per packet. CINERARIA, from finest show flowers, is. and is. id. per pkt. HOLLYHOCK, from first-rate show flowers, is. and 2S. id. per packet. MIGNONEITE, Miles' New Hybrid Spiral, is. per packet. PRIMULA SINENSIS FIMBRIATA, mixed, is. and 2s. 6rf. per packet. „ SINENSIS FIMBRIATA ALBA, is. and ss. id. per packet. „ SINENSIS FIMBRIATA RUBRA, is. and as. id. per packet. „ SINENSIS, Waltham White, is. and as. id. per packet. NURSERY AND SEED ESTABLISHMENT, WESTERHAM, KENT. GEO. J AG KM AN & SON, (EST.\BLISHBD 1810,) Cultivators of FRUIT and FOREST TREES, Evergreen and Flowering TREES and SHRUBS, ROSES, RHODODENDRONS, Conifers and Hardy Climbers, THE CLEUATIS A SPECIALITY. Descriptive Priced Catah^ies free. WOKING NURSERY, SURREY, January ii, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 59 Special Offer of Autumn Struck ZONAL GERANIUMS, from single pots (3-inch). VESUVIUS, WOMDERKUL, MASTER CHRISTINE, ts. per 100. JEAN SISLEY, 7^. per 100. HEARTSEASE, the best purple bedder, %s. per 100. Dr. Denny's vinettes, to name. 10^. per 100. ,, SNOWD(.>N, one of the best whites. 12^. td. per loo. „ JENNIE DODDS, the best dark pink, los. per 100. Please order at once. To be sent out not later than first week in March. Header & Sons' strain of PETUNIAS, finest in cultivation : sealed packets of 200 seeds, 2^- HENDER AND SONS, Bedford Nursery, Plymouth. Cover Planting. MESSRS. JOHN STANDISH AND CO. have the following Plants to ofTer. in large quantities, well rooted, suitable for Cover Planting :— RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, 12 to 18 inches, and very bushy. BERBERIS DARWINH, \% to 2 feet. „ AQUIFOLIUM, and others. LAUREL, common, -2% to 4 feet. ,, Portugal. 2 to 3 feet. ,, caucasicum, 2 to 3 feet. AUCUBAS, and other Plants. When large quantities are taken a very liberal reduction will be made from the catalogue prices. Samples and prices on application^ Riiyal Nurseries, Ascot, Berks. ■Richard Smith &C5^ kp Worcester #. FIFTY ACRES of FRUIT TREES.— Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries. Peaches. Nectarines, Apricots, and other Fruit Trees, as Standards, Dwarfs, Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon and trained trees in great variety, all full of vigour, and warranted irue to name. Descriptive Price List, containing a sketch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure. Pruning, Lifting, Cropping, Treatment under Glass ; also their Synonyms, Quality, Size, Form, Skin, Colour. Flesh. Flavour, Use. Growth, Duration, Season, Price, &:c., for a penny stamp. TWELVE ACRES of ROSES.— Standard, Dwarf, and Climbing, all the popular sorts ; also 80.000 choice Tea-scented and Noisette Roses in pots ; extra strong Roses in pots for immediate forcing. See Descriptive Price List, free for a penny stamp. GRAPE VINES and ORCHARD HOUSE TREES in POTS. — Grape Vines, extra strong, and warranted free from phylloxera, oidium, and all disease ; Planting Canes, 3s td. to 5^. each ; extra strong Fruiting Canes, 75. td. to los. 6d. each. Orchard-house Trees, fruiting in pots^ con- sisting of Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, Plums, Cherries, Pears, Apples, and Figs. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. WORCESTER PEARMAIN APPLE (awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horti- cultural Society). — One of the handsomest and most useful Apples in cultivation. For full description see " Extract trom the yournal of Horticiitturey and Richard Smith & Co.'s Fruit List, which may he had for a penny stamp. Coloured Plates, €d. each. Maiden Trees, ts, td. each ; Bushes, 3.?. each ; Standards, Pyramids, and Dwarf-trained "Trees, -^s. 6d. and 5s. each. HARDY HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS, their scientifij and English names, height, colour, time of flowering, and other useful information. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. Collection of 100 beautiful hardy varieties for Garden Beds, Borders, or Rockeries, for 30J. LIST of all the EVERGREEN FIR TRIBE, suitable for Britain, giving size, price, popular and botanical names, derivations, description, form, colour, foliage, growth, timber, use in arts, native country, and size there, situation, soil, and other information, with copious index of their synonyms. Free by post for six stamps. LIST of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising the best selections of Camellias, Azaleas, Ericas. Epacris, Ferns, &c., free for a penny stamp. LIST of EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS. RH(n>ODENDRONS, STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES. CLIMBING and TWINING PLANTS, with their generic, specific, and English names, native country, height, time of flowering, colour, &c., and general remarks, free for a penny stamp. ALL kinds of GARDEN SEEDS, of first quality, BULBS. MUSHROOM SP.\WN, TOBACCO PAPER. ARCHANGEL MATS, nnd r.ther C^RDEN REQUISITES. See Lists, which may be had on application. •Richard Smith ACS- KITCHEN GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS, SEED POT AT OS, GARDEN REQUISITES, &c. IRELAND & THOMSON'S Descriptive and Priced CATALOGUE for 1879 SENT POST-FREE, ON APPLICATION. SEED WAREHOUSE: 20, WATERLOO PLACE, EDINBURGH. To tlie Trade —Immense quantities of extra flue SEEDLINGS and TRANSPLANTED PLANTS— Quicks, Scotch Firs. Alders, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, &c. For Descriptive CATALOGUE, apply to LEVAVASSEUR AND SON, Nurserymen, Ussy, Calvados, France ; or to their Agents. Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 15, Harp Lane, Great Tower Street, London, E.G. Special Offer. WBALL AND CO., Bedford Road • Nursery, Northampton, having a very large Stock o( the undermentioned Trees, &c.. in fine condition for removal, have much pleasure iu offering them at the following low prices : — ASH, 2 to 2% feet, fine, 20s. per 1000 ,, 3 to s feet, fine, 25J'. per 1000 BKRHEHIS, Aquifolia, i to 1]/^ foot, very good, 12^. per looo CHESTNUT, Horse, 6 to 8 feet, fine heads, 60s. per 100 ,. Scarlet. 6 to 8 feet, fine heads, looi'. per 100 ELMS, Canadian. 8 to 10 feet, stems, with good heads, 100s. per 100 „ Engli;>h (upright), 6 feet, stems, with good heads, looj. per 100 GORSE, single, 10^. per 1000, ij^ to 2 feet, strong. HORNBEAM, 2 to 3 feet, very good, 20s. per 1000 LIMES, 6 to 8 feet, very fine, 50^. per 100 ; 9 to 10 feet, very fine, -JOS. per 100 POPLAR, Black Italian, 5 to 6 feet, fine, Zs. per 100 ; 8 to 10 feet, fine, 12s. per 100 ,, Lombardy, extra fine tree?;, 8 to 10 feet, 30J. per 100 PRIVET, common, 2 feet, bushy, ros. per looo ., ovalifolium, 3 to 4 feet, 50J. per 1000 W.ALNUTS, extra quality, 6 to 8 feet, dos. per 100 CHERRIES. Morello, dwarf trained, 6 to 7 shooted, extra fine, 20s. per dozen APRICOTS, Moor Park, dwarf trained, 6 to 7 shooted, strong, 24J. per dozen ROSES, extra fine Standards, with large heads, fine varieties, 4 feet stems, own selection, 70.S. per 100 APPLES, fine Standards, in variety, own selection, 60s. per 100 PEARS, fine Standards, in variety, own selection, 755. per 100 CATALOGUES of General Nuisery Stock on application. SUTTON'S NEW GLOXINIA CRASSI- FOLIA GIGANTEA is acknowledged to be the finest. From Mr. A. Ingram. Gr. to the Duke of Northumberland.— " Your Gloxinia is the finest strain I have ever seen ; strong robust habit, the leaves are so reflexed as to nearly cover the pots. The flowers are very large and beautiful in colour ; some of the drooping flowered sorts have blooms over .1 inches in diameter. They make quite a show of themselves in a house." SJ. and 2J. 6d. per packet, post-free. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application, SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. Covent Garden Seeds. HOOPER AND CO. announce the publication of their SEED CATALOGUE for 1879. It is a book of ninety-six pages, each one of which contains matter of inte- rest and utility to thnse who cultivate a garden, and may be said to include everything that is required therein. It does not boast of splendidly decorated covers, neither does it contain coloured illustrations of flowers or vegetables— exaggerated or otherwise, and there is nothing calculated to mislead the buyer. At the same time there is abundant information to guide, and sufiicient finish in its style to render it no disgrace to the table of the drawing-room or library. Hooper's Catalogue is not charged for, and will be forwarded immediately to all applicants. Hooper & Co. draw special attention to their NEW ENGLISH POTATO, *' Hooper's Round White." This is the result of a sport from the well-known Paterson's Victoria. It possesses all those good qualities which made and maintain the high notoriety of the latter, but in an eminently increased degree. It is also distinct in character and earlier. Hooper's Round White is a handsome Potato, rough-skinned, shallow-eyed, good medium size, splendid cropper, and a disease-resister of the first rank. Three sorts only of Potatos were recommended by the Certificating Committee of the Inter- national Potato Show in October last, after being cooked, and Hooper's Round While was one of the three. There is nothing in this Potato but what is valuable, being a heavy cropper, good shape, and. above all, finer than a Regent; when cooked there is nothing lefc to be desired. There is certainly no better Potato in existence, and it is invaluable alike to the Farmer or Gardener. This splendid introduction has i been raised by Mr. Porter, who is well known as one of the most celebrated and successful of Potato Growers. Price iQs. 6a. per peck, 355-. per bushel. All other kinds of choice Poiatos are offered by Hooper & Co., whose collectAon is one of the finest in the kingdom. If instructions on gardening subjects are required, no better book can be placed in the hands of the amateur than HOOPER'S GARDENING GUIDE, price 2s. 6d., and obtainable of all Booksellers, or the Advertisers. T/iis is not in any respect a Catalogue. (See^^ ^/^^Ap^^^'^^^ PEAT SOIL, PEAT S O I L.— BROWN FIBROUS, good quality, for Orchids, Pot Plants, Ferns, &c , £,^ 6s, per truck. BLACK, good quality for American Plants, Rhododendrons. Azaleas, Heaths, &c. , ijs. per ton, or 6-ton truck for ;C4 lo^. Delivered on rail at Black- water, S. E.R. , or Camberley, S. VV.R., by the truckload. Cash with order. Sample sack. 55. 6i/. , or four sacks, 20s. HOLDER AND SON, Crown Nurseries, Reading. Fibrous Peat for Orclilds, Sc, BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids, Stove Plants. &c., £6 6s. per truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaihs, American Plant Beds, 15s. per ton. Delivered on rail at Blackwater, S. E. R., or Famborough, S. W. R., by the truckload. Sample bag, 4J. ; 5 bags, 201. ; 10 bags, 36s. Bags, 4d. each. Fresh SPHAGNUM, 10s. 6d. per bag. WALKER AND CO., Famborough Station, Hants. PEAT for RHODODENDRONS and ordi- nary POT PLANTS, in trucks containing 14 yards or loads, put on rail at Ringwood Station, £i 155. Carriage paid to London or any Station on the L. & S. W. Railway, £$ 5^- per truck of fourteen loads. Cash or reference. J. PRYER. Manager, Peat Stores, Vauxhall Station and Ringwood. ARDEN REQUISITES.— COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, as supplied to Her Majesty and most of the leading Nurserymen and Gardeners. 3i^. per bushel : too for 205. : truck (loose, 250 bush.), 30J. 4-bushel bags, iff. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5^. 6J. per sack; 5 sacks, 25s. : 12 for 45J-, or 36^. per ton. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks 221. ; 12 for 40s., or 34J. per ton : sacks, 4*/. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, is. gd. per bushel; 151. half ton, 26s per ton ; in i cwt. bags. 4 .', each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT MOULD, and LEAF MOULD, Ii per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6J. per sack. Manures, Garden Sticks, Virgin Cork, Tobacco Cloth and Paper. Russia Mats. &c. Write for free PRICE LIST. Goods free to rail. H. G. SMYTH. 10, Castle Street, Endell Street, Long Acre,W.C. OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society. — Four-bushel bag (bag included), is. ; 30 bags (bags included), 20s. ; truck free to rail, 255. FINLAVSON AND HECTOR, Cocoa-Nut Fibre WoiJcs, 74 and 25. Redman's Row. Mile End Road. London. E. C^OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.— V-^ Reduced Price : — In 4 bushel bags, bags included, at is., or truckload of about 250 bushels, 251. (truckload delivered free to rail in London). Post-office Order or Cheque will oblige with all orders.— J. STEVENS and CO., Greyhound Yard, and 134. High Street, Battersea, SW. COTT'S WASP DESTROYER.— The only effectual remedy for destroying these pests : IS. 6d., 2S. 6d. and 5J. per bottle. May be obtained through all Seedsmen, or direct from JOHN SCOTT, The Royal Seed Stores, Yeovil. The Orchardist, by J. Scott, price 3,^. 6^., the best work in the English language on Fruit Trees and their Cultivation. /^I S H U RS T C O M P O U N D.— V^ Used by many of the leading Gardeners since 1859, against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from i to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Sold Retail by Seedsmen in Boxes, is., ^s., and loj, 6d. Wholesale by PRICE'S P.A.TENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). By Fermission of tlie Hon. Board of Customs. {Free of Duty.) N I COTI N E SOA P, A NEW and UNRIVALLED INSECTICIDE for PLANT CULTIVATORS. No other Insecticide will bear comparison with this in killing properties, with perfect safety to foliage. No known blight can resist it, and it is the Cheapest in the market. Price, in jars containing 8 oz., zs. firf., and 20 oz., 3.:. ; drums, 28 lb., 25J. 2 oz. sufficient for i gallon of water for ordtfiary use. Wholesale from the Manufacturers, CORRY and SOPER, Bonded Tobacco Stores, Shad Thames, London, S.E. ; or HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, W.C. ; and Retail from all Seedsmen. HE GRAVEL-WALK METAL SCRAPER MATS.— They improve the appearance of Entrances, are suitable for all kinds of Gravel-walk Entrances, in all weathers, either to remove the loose grit afier summer showers, or the dirt or snow of winter. Their texture gives a firm hold to the feet in whatever direction you- step. They are the width of an ordinary step, and being directly in the path cannot escape use, save much wear in other mats, floorcloths, and carpets, and their endurance is incalculable. Lengths. 2 feet 3 inches, price io.r. ; 2 feet 6 inches, i2j. ; 3 feet, zi,s. ; 3 feet 4 inches, x6s. ; 3 feet 8 inches, i8s. ; 4 feet, 23.r. All 11 inches wide. Tidcombe's Patent Gravel-walk Metal Scraper Mats are suitable for Mansions, Villas, French Casements, Conservatories, Hothouses, Greenhouses, Flower Gardens, Kitchen Gardens, Places of Worship, Colleges, Schools, Manufactories, Hotels, Public Institutions, and all Entrances leading from Sandy, Gritty, or Gravel Walks. Delivered on Railway on receipt of re- mittance.payable to G. TIDCOMBE and SON,Watford. Herts. TIFFANY and ELASTIC NETTING (Registered), — It is now twenty-five years since we intro- duced the article we called " Shaw's Tiffany " lor horticultural shading and protecting, and up to the present all imitations have fallen short of the beauty, texture, and utility of the article. Our immense sale enables us at all times to put it on the market at a lower price than any other house, considering quality. Tiffany and Elastic Netting (Registered), with all other Shading and Protecting Materials. Manufactured and sold by JOHN SHAW AND CO., 29, Oxford Street, Manchester. Samples and prioes on application. 6o THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January ii, 1879. HELLI WELL'S PATENTED NEW SYSTEM of AIR and WATER-TIGHT IMPERISHABLE GLAZING. All Woodwork is covered, and no outside Painting is required. Old Roofs Reglazed. Any one can repair or take in pieces. " It is suitable for Railway Stations. Mills, Weaving Sheds, &c., but is specially applicable to Conservatories. Plant Houses, and Orchard Houses, and we should be very much inclined to try the system. It is certainly worth looking to."— The Builder. " And will, in our opinion, supersede any other similar system before the pVL\A\c."— Building I^elvs. "It seems to meet the tnd in view more nearly than any- thing we have seen yet." — The Field. "The patent has given high satisfaction to eveiTT one using it."— The Christian Union. " Convincingly prove the new Glazing Systeni to be worthy the attention of readers of the Keysione.' — TItc Keystone. For Estimates, Drawings, or Particulars, apply to the Patentee. T. W. HELLIWELL, Brighouse, Yorkshire: or, ig. Parliament Street, London. W.C. Legion of Honour (Paris Exhibition) : Gold Medal. WH. LASCELLES, Horticultural • Builder, T2t, Bunhill Row, London, E.C. Estimates given on application for GREENHOUSES and CONSERVATORIES of all kinds, and to any design. GARDEN BOXES and LIGHTS. Each. Portable Box with One Light, 6 feet by 4 feet, glazed s. d. good 15-0Z. sheet glass, painted four coats, and packed ready for use .. .. .. .. •• 35 o Portable Box with Two Lights, as above, each light 6 feet by 4 feet • 65 o LIGHTS ONLY. 3 feet by 4 feet light, not painted nor glazed_ .. .. 36 Ditto glazed, good 15-oz. sheet glass, and painted 4 coats 10 o 6 feet by 4 feet, not painted nor glazed 60 Ditto glazed and painted 4 coats .. .. .. . . 16 6 JOHN BOWMAN, Tiinljer and Mahogany Importer and Merchant, HORTICULTURAL BUILDER, WEST END STEAM JOINERY, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE. GREENHOUSES complete, from £10 to £1000. Portable Box with One Light, 6 feet by 4 feet, glazed 1 _ 16 oz. sheet glass, and painted four coats . . . . f ■*-''* Portable Box with Two Lights, as above, each Light ) ^ 6 feet by 4 feet. 1 Estimates given for Conservatories and Green- houses of every kind. IVell-seasoncd Materials and First-class Workmanship guaranteed. RICHARDSON'S PATENT HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS "^^ iiv;?a3 ^ =f=% THE Salisbury Combination Secretaires. FOLEY'S PATENT. No. I B. 6 ft. 9 in. by 3 ft. 3 in. THE SALISBURY COMBINATION SECRETAIRES are adapted to all purposes and classes of society. Combine the uses of Bookcases, Bureaus. China Cabinets, Cellaret, Sideboards, Escritoires, Secretaires, &c. Every part is utilised, the floor space is the same, whether open or closed. These Secretaires are elegant and original in design and con- struction, and destined to become the Cabinet of the age. List of Prices and Illustrations of other Combinations can be obtained o'' the Patentee and Manufacturer. SrCTION OF PATENT ROOF VENTILATOR Ulnstrations, Price Lists, and Testimonials free. Hot-water Apparatus Hxed in any part of the Kingdom, and guaranteed. W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders & Hot-water Engineers, DARLINGTON. ARTHUR FOLEY, FISHERTON MACHINE CABINET WORKS, SALISBURY. A Crop of Fruit in Spite of Frost. PARHAM'S PATENT GLASS COPING. Many miles are in use. Testimonials and Prospectus free. Price, with zi-oz. glass and painted iron framing, 2 feet wide, 2S. 6d. : 3 feet wide, 3^. (^d. per loot run. (_)rders amounting to ^3 carriage paid. WM. PARHAM, Northgate Works, Bath, and 280, Oxford Street, London. W, Specimens on view at either address. BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, Patentees and Manufacturers of Wrought Iron CONTINUOUS BAR FENCING, Iron Hurdles, Strained Wire Fencing, Field and Entrance Gates, Tree Guards, Sic, VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERH.A.MPTON, and 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London, E.C. Catalogues free on application. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH, IMPROVED PORTABLE POXJLTRY HOUSE. PHEASANTRY or AVIARY. The koosting Laying House is made of wood, painted green outside and lime-whited inside, with run underneath for shade and shelter ; new circular-shaped galvanised roof, which is very ornamental, and affords good ventilation ; fitted with shifting perches, sliding window, large door and lock for attendant, small door for fowls, and hen ladder, no nest boxes. Strong galvanised Wire Run, as illustrated, with door, and lock, and all necessary bolts and nuts complete. Prices—Carriage paid to any railway station in England: ist size. No I. with run complete, 12 feet long, 4 feet wide ■ ■ . . ;C8 o o 2d size. No. 2, with run complete, 12 feet long, 5 feet wide ■• •• 9170 3d size, No. 3, with run complete, 16 feet long. 6 feet wide 1500 Houses can be had without runs if required. New Illustrated Catalogue free on application. BOULTON AND PAUL, Norwich. MAIN'S GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. REDUCED PRICES. COMPARE PRICES and aUALITY. PRICE PER VARD, TWO FEET WIDE. Extia Mesh. Light. Medium. Strong. Strom; in. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 2 .. .. o =K .. •• o i'A ■■ ■■ ° ^y* •• •• ° 5)4 i5a .. ..03"^.. -.04^ •■ •■ o fA ■■ ■■ ° °,, xVi .. .04 .. .. o 4K .. ..06 .. .. o 7}< I .. ..o 1V2 ,. ..o 9 .. ..10 .. ..I 4 Other widths at equally low prices. 200 yards stnt carriage free to most railway stations. Price Lists Free. A. & J. MAIN & CO., io8, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C, And at Glasgow. Edinburgh, and London. GOLD MEDAL AWARDED TO if J. J. THOMAS & ca Paris Exhibition, 1878. For Wire applied to Hortic iltural Purposes. FITTINGS f^M™NG WALLS. NEW and IMPROVED SYSTEM. The following prices give the total cost of each line of wire, including holdlasts, straining bolt, intermediate guiding eyes, 10 feet apart, and best quality galvanised wire ;— Length of Wall— 20 yds. 40 yds. 60 yds. Sojds. icoyds s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. No. 14 Guage Wire 10 17 zi 27 31 No. 13 ,, ,, I 3 I 10 2 5 3 o 3 7 Illustrated Lists, with full particulars of the above and Fillings for Espalier Trainers, on very economical principles, free on application. Five per cent, discount allowed for prompt cash on (Jrdera amounting to 20J. and upwards. _ , Special quotations for larger quantities. J. J. THOMAS & CO., Paddington Iron and Wireworks, 28s and 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W. P.O. Orders to be made payable at 310, Edgware Road. THE SOLE HIGHEST AWARD AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION, FOR GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. THE SILVER MEDAL And the Report of the Jury that J. B. BROWN & CO.'s Netting was the Finest in the Exhibition. Also tlie Sole Higliest Awards at Vienna, 1873,' Philadelphia Centennial, 1876, and ivhetrvcr the Netting has been exhibited. Prices per Lineal Yard, 24 ///. high: — Size of Mesh. Mostly used for 19 19 Or Light. n 0 Or Medi- um. « C 17 17 17 Or Strong. 2 in. 11 in. IJin. Dogs or Poultry . Small Rabbits, &c. Smallest Rabbits. Z\d. 5\d. 18 18 18 4irf. bid. Q\d. b\d. Q\d. 8d •.• IRON HURDLES. IRON BAR and WIRE FENG ING. GATES, &c FRUIT ESPALIER and WALL WIRING MATERIALS. PRICE LISTS free on application. J. B. BROWN & CO., 90, GANNON STREET, LONDON. January ii, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 61 Under the Patronage of the Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BLACK-FACED LETTERS. Iht Gardeners' Magazine says:— "We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH. The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon. WOOD TRAINING STICKS and TALLIES, commended by Royal Horticultural Society ; BAMBOO CANES. RAFFIA for tying, VIRGIN CORK, ARCHANGEL and other MATS, PACKING MATS, &c. Wholesale prices on application to C. J. BLACKITH AND CO., Cox's Quay, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. Indestructible Terra-Cotta Plant Markers. MAW AND CO.'S PATENT.— Prices, Printed Patterns, and Specimens, sent post- free on application ; also Patterns of Ornamental Tile Pave- ments for Conservatories. Entrance Halls, &c. MAW AND CO., Benthall Works. Broseley. TERRA-COTTA more durable than Stone.— Vases, Tazzas, Flower Trays, Pedestals. Balustrades, Brackets. Terminals, Cornices, &c. For designs and prices, apply to JOHN M. BLASHFIELD. 42, Bemers Street, W. MESSENGER & COMPANY, MIDLAND HORTICULTURAL BUILDING & HOT-WATER ENGINEERING WORKS, LOUGHBOROUGH. Horticultural Buildings erected on Messenger & Co.'s I'atciU Method of Construction are very strong, most durable, light, elegant, amply ventilated, perfect efficiency for intended purpose is guaranteed, are economical in cost and maintenance) combine the peculiar advantages of Wooden and of Iron Houses, without their disadvantages. MESSENGER AND CO., from their long experience, and having large Works e.\clusively devoted to the Construction and Heating of Horticultural Buildmgs, are in a position to e.'iecute with despatch, in the best manner, the Orders with which they are entrusted. Only thoroughly well seasoned timber used. The Plans of Landscape Gardeners, Architects, and Others carried out. Plans and Estimates forwarded free on receipt of Particulars by Post. Estimates sent free of charge. Ladies and Gentlemen waited upon. Illustrated CATALOGUES of GREENHOUSES, VINERIES, HEATING APPARATUS, &c sent free on apphcation. Richly Illustrated CATALOGUE of HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS and HEATING APPARATUS (the Designs taken from Works executed by M. & Co.), post-free for thirty-three stamps. Gentlemen consulting this Catalogue have the advantage of inspecting designs whose efficiency has been tested by actual experience. The Thames Bank Iron Company OLD BARGE WHARF, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E., Have the largest and most complete stock in the Trade ; upwards of ^20,000 worth to choose from. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, And aU CASTINGS for HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. Their New Illustrated Catalogue, 2>tk Edition, now ready {price Sixpence). Hot-water Apparatua erected oomplete, or the materials supplied at Wholesale Prices. Eosher's Garden Edging Tiles. m& THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they harbour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do "grown'' Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. KOSHER AND CO, Manufacturers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S,W. ; Kingsland Road, E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES," PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNA.MENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories. Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c. , from 3J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheets of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability, Walt Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety, Slates, Cement, &C. T. ROSHER AND CO . Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SILVER SAND, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by Post per Ton orTruckload, on Wharf tn London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. HORTICULTURAL WINDOW GLASS. A large variety of si^es, 15-oz., 12.J. 6d. ; 21-oz., 16s. 6d.^ per 100 feet. Large sizes, in Cases, for Cutting up — 15-02. 4ths, 30^. ; 3ds, 4Qr. per -,00 feet ; — 21-02. 4ths, 30s ; 3d*., 40.1. pe^ 200 feet.— ALFRED SYER, Glass, Lead, Zinc, Oil and Colour Merchant, 8, Pentonville Road, London, N. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c., Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities, of BETHAM & SON, 9, LOWER THAMES STREET. LONDON, E.C. B. & Son have always a large Stock in London of 20-in. by 12-in. 2o-in. by 14-in., 20-in. by 16-in., 20-in. by 18-in., in 16-oz. & 21-oz. COALS FOR HOTHOUSE PURPOSES. WOOD AND CO.'S STAR ANTHRACITE SMOKELESS STEAM COAL is now being extensively used by many of the principal Grower?^ and is found to be preferable to any other kind of fuel in respect to cheapness and durability, and particularly on account of its being perfectly free from sulphur, and that it does not clinker the fire-bars. WOOD AND CO. deliver in truckloads to any Railway Station, prices for which can be had on application, or can be delivered by Wood & Co.'s Vans (in the Metropolis). WOOD AND CO. append a testimonial given to them by Messrs. Beckwith & Sons, a firm of great experience, and who have kindly allowed them to make whatever use of it they may think fit. Totienkam Nurseries, London, N, Dec. 28, 1S77. To Messrs. Wood & Co. Dear Sirs. — With reference to your enquiry respecting the *' Star" Anthracite Coal with which you supplied us — as to how it suited, its economy or otherwise — ^we have much pleasure in informing you that in every respect it is the best Anthracite we have ever used. We find there is no smoke from it, which is very essential, and there is no trace of sulphur. It requires very little stoking, and leaves very little ash, and certainly does not clinker. Our consumption of coal is about 500 tons a year, and we have no hesitation in saying that, by using your" Star" Coa! in the place of ordinary fuel, we shall effect a saving of at least ;£ioo this year. We attribute this to the powerful and lasting properties of your Coal. — Yours faithfully, (Signed) G. Beckwith & Sons. WOOD AND CO. supply all kinds of Coal for House and Manufacturing purposes, prices for which will be sent on application. WOOD AND CO., Coal and Coke Factors, Merchants, Contractors to Her Majesty's Government, 58, Coal Exchange, E.C. ; and 4, Coal Department, Great Northern Railway, King's Cross, N., and Midland Sidings, St. Pancras, N.W, Ex "Forest King." TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND ARCHANGEL MATS. Price, &c., on application to WILLIAM PETERS. 44, Tenter Street South, Goodman's Fields, near Minories, E. ANDERSON'S RUSSIA MATS For COVERING, TYING, and PACKING, are highly recommended for durability and cheapness.^ De- scriptive Catalogue sent post-free on application. iiACKS and BAGS of every description. TARPAULINS, HORSE- CLOTHS. ROPES. LINES, and TWINES.— JAMES T. ANDERSON, 149, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E. Cuba Bast. HURST AND SON have just received a small parcel, of extra fine quality. Also RAPHIA. Price to the Trade on application. 6, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C, 62 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January ii, 1879. ARCHANGEL AND PETERSBURG MAT MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. J BLACKBURN and SONS • can now supply HEAVY PETERSBURG MATS, and all the usual kinds for covering and packing. ARCHANGEL MATS specially quoted. Price Lists of all on application at 4 and 5, Wormwood Street. London, £.C. N.B. Buyers please state if Mats are required for covering, packing, or tying, and the goods will be selected accordingly. JONES'S PATENT "DOUBLE L' SADDLE BOILER. These Boilers possess all the advantages of the old Saddle Boiler, with the following improvements— viz., the water-space at back and over top of saddle increases the heating surface to such an extent that a "PATENT DOUBLE L SADDLE BOILER" will do about twice the amount of work with the same quantity of fuel ; the cost of setting is also considerably reduced, and likewise the space occupied ; at the same time these Boilers are simple in construction, and being made of wrought-iron are not liable to crack. They are made of the following sizes :— Sizes. To heat of 4-in. Pipe. Price. High. Wide. Long. Feet. C s. d. 20 in. 18 m. 18 in. 300 700 20 ,, 18 „ 24 >, 400 800 20 >> 18 „ 30 „ 500 900 24 >, 24 ,. 24 ., 700 12 0 0 24 ,. '4 n IP ., 850 14 0 0 24 .. 24 ,< 16 „ 1000 16 0 0 24 1, 24 ., 48 „ 1400 20 0 0 28 ,. 28 ,, 60 „ 1800 25 0 0 Larger sizes if required. From Mr. Charles Young, Nurseries, Balkam HiU^S.W., May 29, 1873. '* Having given your Patent * Double L * Boilers a fair trial at my Nurseries, I beg to say that they are most satisfactory. I consider them the best in use, and without doubt the most economical of all boilers : they will burn the refuse of other tubular boilers I have in work." PRICE LISTS of HOT-WATER PIPES and CONNEC- TIONS with Boilers, of all si;es and shapes; or ESTIMATES for HOT- WATER APPARATUS, erected complete, will be sent on application. J. JONES AND SONS, Iron Merchants, 6, Bankside, South- wark, London, S.E. When ordering Boilers please refer to the above advertisement. " 'T^HE TORTOISE " J- SLOW COMBUSTION STOVE, tile-lined, without grate, is the cheapest and most efficient heating power for Conservatories, Greenhouses, &c.. being perfectly free from emitting sulphur fumes ; it burns coke, cinders, or any refuse fuel without attention ; no dust. Prices from 301. to 6o.s. each. Apply for Testimonials to C. PORT- WAY, Patentee, Halstead, Essex ; or to HYDE and WIGFULL (Limited), Sheffield, sole Licencees and Makers for the North of England. G E E E N'S PATENT WROUGHT-IRON HOT- WATER BOILERS, With Shelves or Tubes, and Hollow Grate Bars, SADDLE BOILERS with Waterway Backs, and WELDED BOILERS. Specially adapted for Heating Greenhouses. Conservatories, Churches. Chapels. Schools, Public Buildings, Entrance Halls, Warehouses, Workshops, &c. They arc the Neatest, Cheapest, Most Effective, and Durable of any extant. fhuoMs.'oaian LONUTUDINAL SECTION Descriptive application to Illustrated Price LIST may be had free on THOMAS GREEN & SON, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS: and 54 and 55. BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON, S.E. Accidents Occur Dally— Accidents of all Kinds Provided aeain^t by a Policy of the RAILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE COM PANV.— The Oldest and Largest Accidental Assurance Company. The Right Hon. Lord Kinnaird, Chairman. Subscribed Capital, ^1,000.000. Annual Income. ^^214 000- A fixed ^um in case of Death by Accident, and a Weekly Allowance in the event of Injury, may be secured at moderate Premiums. Bonus allowed to Insurers of five years' standing- ^1,350,000 have been paid as compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or 64, CornhiU, London. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. THE IMPROVEMENT OF LANDED ESTATES, By DRAINAGE, ENCLOSING, CLEARING, The ERECTION of FARM BUILDIMGS and COTTAGES WATER SUPPLY, &c. The Land Loan and Enfranchisement Co. (Incorporated by Special Act of Parliament) ADVANCES MONEY: ist. — To the OWNERS of SETTLED and OTHER ESTATES, for the Erection of Farm Buildings and Coltages, and for the Drainage, Irrigation, Enclosing, Clearing and General Improvement of Landed Property in any part of the United Kingdom. 2d. — To the OWNERS of SETTLED ESTATES in ENGLAND, for the Erection or Completion of Mansions, Stables, and Outbuildings, and for the Construction or Erection of Reservoirs, and other Works of a permanent nature, to supply Water for the use of the Estate, or for any other purpose. 3d —To LANDOWNERS generally, to enable them to subscribe for Shares in Companies for the Construction of Rail- ways and Navigable Canals, which will beneficially affect their Estates. 4th.— To INCUMBENTS, for the Improvement of their Glebe Lands, by Drainage, and the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages. 5th.— To COPYHOLDERS, for the Enfranchisement of Copyhold Lands. The amount borrowed, with the expenses, would be charged on the Estate benefited, and repaid by a rent-charge, termi- natnig in twenty- five years. No Investigation of the Landowner's Title is necessary. Forms of application, and all further particulars may be obtained of Messrs. RAWLENCE and SQUAREY, 22. Great George Street. Westminster, S. W. , and Salisbury ; of Messrs. ASHURST. MORRIS, CRISP and CO., 6, Old Jewry, London. E.G. ; of Messrs. GILLESPIE and PATERSON, W.S., 81A, George Street, Edinburgh. Agents for the Company in Scotland ; and at the Offices of the Company, as below. T. PAIN, Managing Director. EDWIN GARROD, Secretary. Land Loan and Enfranchisement Company. 22, Great George Street, Westminster, S. W. Illustrated Catalogues. HM. POLLETT'S COLLECTION • of over SEVEN HUNDRED BLOCKS suitable for the above purpose. Customers can have the use of any of them gratis. H. M. P. Publishes Small SEED CATALOGUES in two sizes, which can be altered to suit the requirements of small consumers. Specimens and Prices on application. POLLETT'S Horticultural Steam Printing Works, 12 to 15, Bndgewater Gardens. Barbican, E.C. Do POULTRY PAY?— I get 1580 eggs from 22 hens from October to April (my winter months). So may you, courteous reader. For Why's and Wherefore's see my Pamphlet. Coming Events says: — "This pamphlet gives some extraordinary results of a careful management of poultry. Keepers of poultry may find very useful hints." Send IS. in stamps to the Author, Mr. LOWER, g. Leamington Place, Cheltenham. REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural Review). — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard, E. Andre, C. Baltet, T. Buchetet, F. Burvenich. F. Crepin, Comte de Gomer, De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de Denterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C- de Vis, J. Gillon. A. M. C. Jongkindt Coninck, C. Koch. J. Kicks, L. Linden, T. Moore, C. Naudin, B. Oliver, H. Ortgies, E. Pynaert, E. Rodigas, A. Siraux, O. Thomas, A. van Geert Son. H. J. van Hulle, J. Van Volxem, H. J. Veitch. A. Westmael. and P. Wolkenstein. This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month, in Parts of 24 pages, Svo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous Engravings. Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year, io.r. , payable in advance. Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium. Post-office Orders to he made payable to M. E. PYNAERT, at the Chief Post-office, Ghent. THE CULTIVATO R,— A Portuguese Monthly Agricultural Journal, which circulates in PortUijal and her possessions, and in the Principal Towns of the Brazils. This paper offers an excellent m'edium for Advertisements of every description of industry and of every article of Consump- tion in the countries and places above mentioned. Advertising charges, %d. per square inch. Translation included. Ten per cent. Discount for six months ; zo per cent. Discount for twelve months, if paid in advance. Address, the Editor of the Cultivator. St, Michael's, Azores. Farms, £stu,tes, Residences. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midlajid Counties Herald Office, Birmingham.'' The Midland Counties Herald always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. Belgian. BULLETIN d'AR BO R I CULTURE , de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI- CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865 by F. Burvenich, F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. Van HuLLE, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Government at Ghent. Post paid. lOi. per annum. H. J. VAN HULLE, Bouaical Gardcus, Ghent, Belgium. NEW IMPERIAL OCTAVO SERIES. THE FLORIST and POMOLOCIST, A Pictorial Monthly Magazine of i^ FLOWEKS, FEUITS, AND GENERAL HORTICULTURE. Price One Shilling. TWO FINELY COLOURED PLATES IN EACH NUMBER. Established as the "Florist" ia 1848. The Florist and Pomologist is issued in a form suitable for admis- sion to the Drawing-room, and from its practical character is equally adapted for the Garden House and the Bothy. The infor- mation it gives is such as to keep its readers informed as to all Novelties of importance, and to supply instruction on the best forms of Garden Practice ; to furnish a digest of Current Information on all Gardening Matters of interest, and to give Seasonable Hints on Garden Management. The Contributors include some of the most distino-uished Practical and Scientific Horticulturists of the day. Advertisers will find the Florist and Pomologist one of the best monthly mediums for circulating their several Announcements amongst readers who are neces- sarily purchasers of garden requi- sites of all kinds. LONDON; W. KENT & CO., 23, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. January ii, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 63 THE SYDNEY MAIL AND NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER. CONTENTS .— INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS. SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY. RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF. CRICKET and AQUATICS. THE FLORA of .AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and Engraved specially for this Journal.) NATURAL HISTORY. {Original Articles.) AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE. GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally. STOCK and SHARE REPORTS. ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRALIAN AUTHORS. THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY. INDOOR AMUSEMENTS. THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE. COMMERCIAL NEWS. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects. Subscription in Advance, £1 per Annum. Single Copies, 4^/. ; Stamped, 5*/. Publishing Office — Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales. ENGLAND. The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS, which must be paid in advavce, for the SYDNEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :— London Mr. George Street, 30, Cornhill, E.G. Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, E.G. Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street, Fleet Street. E.G. Birmingham .. Mr. R. S, Kirk, 90, New Street. Liverpool Lee & Nightingale, 15, North John Street. Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance Buildings. Edinburgh .... Robertson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street. Glasgow W. Porteous S: Co., 15, Royal Exchange Place. Copies of each Journal arc Hied at the above Offices for the use of Advertisers. 1^ ADVERTISERS are requested to note that although zve do not object to receive Letters to be called for^ we cannot undertake to fonvard them. ANTED, a HEAD WORKING GARDNER. — Must be a thoroughly experienced Grower cf Giapes, Peaches, Foliage Plants (choice), Flowers (cut and in pots). Cucumbers, and Mushrooms, for market. To save time and trouble none but parlies whose characters and abilities will bear strict investigation need apply. Good wages would be given to a suitable man. — Messrs. ADAMS and CU., Fruiterers, New Bond Street, Piccadilly, W. North Surrey District School, Anerley, London, S.E. WANTED, a good practical GARDENER, to take charge of the buys who work in the garden and to be responsible for the proper cultivation of the same. Wages 25J. per week. Applications with copies of testimonials to be sent to me on or before the 13th inst. , addressed to the School at Anerley. Selected candidates will have due notice when to attand.— By order. HOWARD J. CHALDECOTT, Clerk to the Board. Jan. 2, 1879. ANTED, a GARDENER, where ^ labourer is kept. — Must thoroughly understand the Management of Vines, Melons, Wall Fruit, Cucumber and Greenhouse Plants. Wages 30s. per week. No house or per- quisites.— Apply, by letter, addressed M., Mr. Catt, Newsagent, St. Leonard's-on-Sea. ANTED, an industrous WORKING GARDENER to Grow Forced Fruit and Flowers and do general Gardening thoroughly. Wages, 20S. a week, and Cottage.— Apply to W. A. GLYNN, Esq., Seagrove, near Ryde. WANTED, experienced and competent Man as NURSERY FOREMAN, PROPA'jATOK, and SALESMAN. Wages, nos per week, vegetables, &c. — Applv to J. MlTCHlNbON, Seed Merchant, I'ruro. ANTED, a FOREMAN for the Glass Department — Eleven Houses, with a tine Culkction of Plants. Must be well up in the Culture. Propagation, and Value of Plants Wages 25^ per week, house and coal. — JOHN SHAW & CO., Stamford Nursery. Bowdon, Cheshire. Steward and Gardener. WANTED by the middle of March, for a large place in Ireland, an active Man of gond appear- ance and address, to act as STEWARD and GARDENER; must have a thorough knowledge of the different branches of Gardening as well as a knowledge of Farming and Stock, and be a good Accountant. Mxist be a Protestant. — Apply, enclosing copies of certificates, stating age, salary expected, and all par- ticulars, to ALPHA, Messsrs. Nutting & Sons, 60, Barbican, London, E.G. WANTED, a hard-working, experienced GARDENER and COACHMAX. who can Milk, to live on the premises. A middle-aged, married man without family preferred ; another man kept. — Apply by letter to Miss HANCOCK, Marlborough Cottage, Green Lanes, Stoke Newington, London. WANTED, a young Man as PLANT GROWER in the Houses, under the Foreman. State wages required.— E. COOLING, Mile Ash Nurseries, Derby, WANTED, two steady industrious Young MEN who have been accustomed to Potting, &c. , in a Market Nursery. —Apply by letter only to Messrs. CUTBUSH AND SON, Earnet, Herts. WANTED, an active, industrious, and intelligent Young MAN, for the Houses.— Must be quick at Potting, Watering. &c.— Apply, stating wages, to Mr. NUNNS, Nurseryman, Beckenham, Kent. ANTED, a MAN, quick at Potting, &c. Must have a good character from a Market Grower. — Apply, by letter, to HENRY EWEN, Chiswick Nursery, Turnham Green. Seed Trade. WANTED, a SECOND SHOPMAN, Immediately. — I. KEMP, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, W.C. ANTED, an ASSISTANT SHOPMAN, about 20 years of age. One who has been accustomed to the Country Trade preferred. Apply, with full particulars, to GEORGE COOPER, County Seed Establishment, Hertford. WANTED, a respectable Young FEMALE, to assist in the lighter work of a beed Warehouse. Good writing indispensable. — S. H. C, Gardeners' Chronicle OlTice. W.C. WANT PLACES. JOHN COWAN, The Vineyard and f-^ Nurseries. Garston. near Liverpool, wishes tn recommend a first-rate Scotch GARDENER, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may require such. "^ G. HENDERSON -'-^ • AND SON have many excellent GARDENERS with approved testimoni.ils for ability now waiting in their Nurseries for re-engagement. E. G. H. & Son will be pleased to answer any enquiries from Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring such. — PJne-appIe Nursery, Maida Vale, London, W. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept— Age 25, single ; three years in present situation.— T, AVERY, Gardens, Aile.tree Hall. Derby. ARDENER (Head), age 30, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly prac- tical man. Can be well recommended.— T. CREAMER, The Gardens, Sandbeck Park, Roiherham. Yorkshire ARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married, no family ; has a thorough practical knowledge of the profession. Excellent character.- £. J,, T. Jackson & Son, Nurserymen, Kingston. ARDENER (He.ad).— Age 27, single ; understands Vines. Melons, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good cliaracter from last situation. — G. A., Elmiey Ca'-tle, near Pershore. ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical man, and where three or four are kept.— Age 28. Excellent references.— F. S., The Gardens, Ottershaw Park, Chertsey, Surrey. ARDENER (Head). —Age 32, married, Scotch; competent to Manage a good Establishment, and to meet the demand for well-grown Fruit, Plants, and Vegetables, and experienced in all the details of a well kept place.— LINDSAY, i, Canterbury Terrace, Canterbury Road, Forest Hill. S.E. GARDENER (Head).--H. Hawkes, Head Gardener to H. T. Pelham, Esq.. requires a re-engage- ment in a large establishment. Thoroughly understands the duties, including the Culture of Fruits, Flowers, Plants, and Vegetables, the Management of the Flower Garden and Plea- sure Grounds, Forcing Department, and high-class Kitchen Gardening. Death sole cause of leaving. Please state wages, &c.— H. HAWKES, Cound Gardens, Shrewsbury. ARDENER (Head).— The advertiser is now open to an engagement in any Nobleman's or Gentle- man's establishment. Koutteen years' experience in the pro- fe.'^sion in all its branches. Thoroughly understands the Forcing of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables in every depart- ment, also the Management of the Flower Garden and Pleasure Grounds. First-class references and testimonials from present and previous employers.— J. McD,, Craigleith Cottage, Comely Bank. Edinburgh. To Noblemen and Gentlemen. GARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 2,Z. married ; has thorough practical knowledge of Gardening in all branches.— HEAD GARDENER. Newick Park, Lewes, Suvsex. GARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 40, married, no family ; thoroughly practical in all branches of Gardening, Orchids, Grapes, Peaches, Early and Late Forc- ing of Fruits. Flowers, and Vegetables. Five years In Ust situation. Good reference.— E. H., i, Alexandra Terrace, Penge Lane, Penge. ARDENER (Head, Working), where three or more are kept.— Age 40, married ; thoroughly experienced in Vines. Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen and Flower Garden. Seven years" good character.— H. S., The Gardens, Kilnwick Percy, Pockl(n>;ton. GJ^ARDENER (Head, WoRKiNG).~Age 34, ' married ; well understands the Forcing and Production of Choice Fruits under Glass, Cultivation of Stove and Green- house Plants, good Kitchen and Flower Gardener. Nineteen years' experience ; excellent character.— H., 55, Hargrave Road, Upper Hollowav, N. ARDENER. — Age 36, married, three children; understands Fruit, Kitchen, and Flower Garden, Vines, Melons, and Cucumbers, and Greenhouses. Good reference.— J. J., Garden House, Wembley Park, Sudbury, near Harrow. GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). — Age 26. married ; has a good knowledge of Greenhouse Plants and Kitchen Garden. — J. B.. 6, West Street, Colchester. GARDENER (Second).— Age 26, married ; good Plant^man, fair knowledge of Fruit Houses, Forcing, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good references. — G. M., 8, Ashley Teriace, Winchester. FOREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden. — Age 25, single ; ten years' experience in good places. — E- R., Swithland Hall Gardens, Loughborough. FOREMAN in a good private establish- ment.— Age 25 : ten years* thorough experience. Good recommendation. — J. G., 4, Martindale Road, Balham. Surrey To Nurserymen. FOREMAN. — Age 28; has a thorough knowledge ot the Orange (Citrus sinensis) culture ; and warrants in eighteen months to grow line plants ready to sell with fruits. Wishes a situation in a Nursery where he could produce them in large quantities. Is also a good Propagator of Stove and Soft-wooded Plants. — C. M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office. W.C. FOREMAN, or SOFT-WOOD PROPA- GATOR. — Age 27 ; twelve years' experience in Growing for Market. Please state wages.— X. Y. Z., 5, Stamford Cottages, The Crescent, Stamford Hill, N. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— Twenty years' experience in Growing of Hard and Soft-wooded Plants, and Cut Flowers forCovent Garden Market. First-class references.— R. HALL, 6, Chestnut Cottages, Richmond Grove Surbiton Hill. NURSERY FOREMAN.—Age 26; eleven years' experience in general routine of Nursery Work (out); expert Budder and Grafter. Good character from previous employer.— B. CORBETT, Handsworth, Sheffield. JOURNEYMAN, in a Nobleman's or ti Gentlem.-in's Garden. —Good character and recommenda- tions.—F. TAYLOR, SeftonPark, Stoke Pogis, Bucks. JOURNEYMAN, either in the Houses or tJ Flower Garden.— Age 26; respectable. Can be highly recommended. Not object tea Single-handed place.— A. A. Mr. Jones, Seedsman, Henley-on-Thames, Oxori. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22 ; ^* four years in a Nobleman's Garden. Good character.- W. J. LEWIS. The Gardens, Coombe House, Kingston-on- Thames, Surrey. ASSISTANT in the SEED TRADE.— -^^^ Young man ; good knowledge of Nursery ; five years' re- ference.—F. B. PARKER, 5, John Street. Bowdon, Cheshire. STEWARD, or STEWARD and CLERK of WORKS. — The Advertiser has had much experience in Designing and Carrying-out of alt descriptions of Estate and Garden Improvements, the Management of Land and Cattle, Timber and Bark. &c.. is a good Draughtsman and Accountant, accustomed to the Management of Machinery, and skilled Mechanic-, and Labourers. Character unimpeachable. — H. H., Mr. Allen, Holly Lo- ge. Luton, Bedfordshire. To Nurserymen and Seedsmen. MANAGER, BOOK-KEEPER, SHOP MAN, SALESMAN, or TRAVELLER.— Age 33 twenty-five years' practice. First-class references.- H. J. Mr. J. Pennington, 64, Hope Cottages, Sandy Lane, Heaton Norris. To Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers DRAUGHTSMAN, or DRAUGHTSMAN and MANAGER. A man of great experience and good taste, fully understands the requirements of HorticuUurists (can make Landscape Plans if required), has been accustomed to represent Firms and take particulars.— DRAUGHTSMAN, 7. Hurley Road, Lower Kennington Lane, Lambeth, S.E, HANDY MAN. — Carpentering, Painting, Glazing— fi'l up time in Garden, Two years' good cha- racter from last place.— X. Y., So, St. Ervan's Road, Notting Hdl. W. . B E P P S ' 8 GRATEFUL {James Epps cr» Co., Homccopathic Chemists.) COMFORTINQ 0 O 0 O A DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. The Medical Profession for over Forty Years have approved of this pure solution as the Best Remedy for ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH. HEARTBURN, HEADACHE, GOUT, AND INDIGESTION, and as the safest Aperient for Delicate Constitutions, Ladies Children, and Infants. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA, TTOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS. ^^ -Colds, Coughs, Shortness of Breath.— These corrective remedies are infallible for these pectoral complaints, which, neglected, often end in asthma, bronchitis or consumption. The Ointment, well rubbed upon the chest and back, pene- trating the skin, is carried directly to the lungs, whence it expels all impurities. All the blood in the body constantly passes through the lungs, and there all noxious particles tending to produce disease can be quickly, thoroughly, and permanently neutralised, rendered harmless, or ejected from the system. Holloway's Ointment and Pills perfectly accomplish this purifi- cation ; and through the blood, thus cleansed, the influence of these wonderful medicaments reaches the remotest part of the human body, and thus cures all diseased action, whether internal or external. 64 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. (January ii, 1879. SUTTON'S CHOICE NOVELTIES FOR 1879. THE BEST DWARF WRINKLED PEA. THE BEST TALL PEA For i<^79. SUTTON'S BIJOU PEA. The earliest dwarf wrinkled variety. It is exceed- ingly uniform in growth, 18 inches high, and particu- laJly suitable for small gardens, as it requires no sticks. Il is also valuable for large gardens as it forces well. From Mr. K.W.TODD, Gr. to His Grace tlie Duke of Bucldiigliam " Your ' Bijou ' is the best dwarf wrinkled Pea 1 ever Krew, a good cropper, and only i8 inches high. Sowed first week in April, gathered first dish third week in June." Price 5s. per Quart, 3s. per Pint. Q S3 M h4 <) H < < > > d > (-I > l-t w w o THE BEST GREEN-FLESH MELON. I «! SUTTON'S EARL OF BEACONSFIELD. This magnificent variety was sent out by us in limited quantities last season, and has given the greatest satisfaction. It is of somewhat oval shape, from 6 to 8 lb. in weight ; the flesh is pale in colour, singularly sweet and juicy, and possesses a delicate aroma. The rind is thin, but beautifully netted. We had the honour of forwarding a brace to the Right Honourable the Earl of Beaconsfield, K.G. From Mr. W. WILDSMITH, Gr. to the Eight Hon. Viscount Eversley. *• I have this season grown Earl of Beaconsfield Melon, which Cor free bearing, flavour, and appearance 1 consider unequalled.", Price 2s. 6d. per Packet, Post-free. SUTTON'S EARLY DWARF BROWN FORCING LETTUCE. No larger than our Commodore Nutt, and for early forcing pre-eminently the best. Remarkably compact, few outer leaves, very crisp and sweet. Price Is. 6d. per Packet, Post-free. SUTTON'S ROYAL BERKSHIRE GREEN MARROW. Now introduced by us for the first time, and the stock is entirely in our hands. From 5 to 6 feet high, a wonderful cropper and delicate in flavour. When dished up the colour is a beautiful deep green. From Mr. WILLIAM PATERSON, Or. to Her Majesty the Queen, Balmoral. " I was much pleased with your New Pea. It is a splendid bearer, and when cooked is very finely flavoured. I consider it a first- class variety." Price 5s. per Quart, 3s. per Pint SUTTON'S KING OF CAULIFLOWERS. The best in Cultivation. Price Is. 6d. and Ss. 6d. per Packet, Poet-free. SPECIAL NOTICE.- -Messrs. Sutton offer, during 1879, Gold, Silver and Bronze Medals, with vabmble Money Prizes, for Collectio7is of Vegetables, Frnit and Potatos. Partieidars on application. SUTTON & SONS (The Queen's Seedsmen), READING, BERKS. ■aid Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office. 4., Wellington Street, Covent Garden. London W.C Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury. Agnew. & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by th« lid William Richards, at the Office, 41. Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Coveot Garden, in the said County.— Saturoay, January 11 1879. . .— w. YTiLLiAM iviLBAKu ,^^^ ^^^ Miiichester-JoHN Heywood. Agents for Scotland-Messrs. J. Meniibs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow. THE RDENERS' CHRONICLE €slaWisbcir 1841. A WEEKLY ILLUSTEATED JOURNAL OF HORTIGULTimE AND ALLIED SUEJECTS. No. 264.— Vol. XI. (s^R^rs.} SATURDAY, JANUARY 18. 1879. | Registered at the General Post Office as a Newspaper. Price 5d. Post Free, sjif. CONTENTS. Birds and fruit buds Books, notices of . . Bottom-heat Camellia, Lady Hume's Bkish Cattleya Trianae . . Celery, which is the best Chimonanthus fragrans . . Conifer-, miniature Cornflower, the Croton glandulosus Damsons, unfruitful Dangstein .. Flowers, the new of 1878 Forestry Free irade in Germany .. Frost and the roads Frost, niailiet gardening during Garden operations Hca'ing apparatus and the frost Indian Fie. the . . .. Indian forest appoint- ments Italy, importation of living plants into Mealy-bug on Vines Moor, the first day on the M Orel lo Cherries .. Names Obituary Odontoglossum Andersoni* anum lobatum .. Orchids in flower . . Pampas-grass plumes Paper protectors . . Paulownia imperialis Peaches. &c. , winter dressing .. Pine-apple Lady Beatrice Lambton .. Planting, best season for Plants, new garden (with cut) Potato disease and the frost Potato, the Champion . - Potatos, improved Primulas at Headfort House .. .. Rose Drap d'Or .. Rubus rosa^'olius (with cut) Sadler. Mr. J. (with por- trait) Selaginella Victoiise (with cut) Societies : — Edinburgh Botanical .. Royal Horticultural .. Scottish Horticultural-. Sphscria sinensis (with cut) Verbenas, the disease in, . Villa garden Vinery, a new (with cut).. Weather, the Weather marks on vegeta- tion Winter, the. . Now Ready, In cloth, I63.. "J^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE -* VOLUME for JULY to DECEMBER, 187S. W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. R Y S T A L P A L A C E .— ANNUAL GREAT FLOWER SHOW, Saturday, May 24; ANNUAL GREAT ROSE SHOW, Saturday. June 28. Schedules when ready will be forwarded to applicants and previous exhibitors. XHIBITION of ROSES, FRUIT and other HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS will be held at NORWICH, oil WEDNESD'V and THURSD.'iY. June 25 and 26, when THREE HUNDRED POUNDS (inclu- ding-£> 70 for Roses) will be offered in PRIZES. Schedules will be ready shortly, and can be obtained on application to Mr. E. A. FIELD, Upper Surrey Street, Norwich. Beautiful Lily. L ILIUM NEILGHERRENSE gives flowers nearly a foot long, deliciously fragrant. Fine bulbs that will flower, loj. tti. each, free by post. Being an annual importer of many thousands of Lilies direct from their native habitats, Mr. William Bull can supply the best sorts in large or small quantities. Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King*s Road, Chelsea. London, S.W. Seeds Direct from the Grower. FREEMAN'S ONE GUINEA COLLEC- TION of VEGETABLES contains only the best varieties and the most liberal quantities ever offered. Packing and carriage free. CHAS. FREEMAN and FREEMAN, Economic Seeds- men, Norwich. Choice Herbaceous Calceolarias, Roses, &c. WM. POTTEN can supply the above as advertised in Gardeners' Ckro?iicle, January 4. W^^ POTTEN, Camden Nursery, Sissinghur^t, Staple- hurst, Kent. NORTH AMERICAN PLANTS.— Orchids, Lilies, Ferns, &c. Price LIST sent on application. EDWARD GII.LETT. Somhwick, Mass., U.S.A., Collector of Native Plants, &c D E TO THE T R A MUSSEL STOCKS, 451. per 1000. CRAB STOCKS, 3sr. per 1000. Samples of the above may be had on application to JOHN STANDISH awu CO, Royal Nurseries. Ascot. QPANISH CHESTNUT, ASH, BIRCH, kJ ALDER and HAZEL— stout, well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold. Mr. GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery. Midhurst. "POOREST TREES, Seedling and Trans- -L planted.— The very extensive stock of the above is this season in splendid condition. CATALOGUES on application. The Lawson Seed and Nursery Company (Limited) Edinburgh. UPRUCE FIRS for Christmas Trees, well kJ formed, 2 to 3 feet high, 301 per 100 RICHARD SMITH anu CO., Nurserymen, Worcester. QUICKS-QUICKS -QUICKS. . ,..„ ™?"K Whitethorn Quicks, 15 to 24 inches. JOHN PERKINS and SON, 52, Market Square, North- ampton. Five /BARTER'S, the PREMIER SEED Gold \j HOUSE at the PARIS EXHIBITION. Medals, illustrated Catalogues gratis and post-free. Awarded Parts, Five GOLD MEDALS, including the only Gold 1878. Medal for Grass Seeds. Caution.— No other English Seed House was awarded Hve Medals at the Paris Exhibition. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holbora, London, W.C. I)OSES, Moss, for Sale: about 20,000.— \i Apply to H. THORNTON, i. Maxwell Road, Fulham, S.W. rpHE DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE -JL of FRUIT TREES is now ready, and will be forwarded, free by post, nn receipt of three penny stamps. CATALOGUES of ROSES and ORCHARD-HOUSE TREES post-free on application. TH(5MAS RIVERS and SON, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. IT' R U I T I N G PLANTS -L' of PEACHES, NECTARINES. APRICOTS, and GRAPE VINES, a large and fine stock, now offered for Sale. THOMAS RIVERS and SON. Sawbridgeworth, Herts. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Koses, &c. rpHE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY J- COMPANY (Limited). Edinburgh, respectfully request the attention of intending planters to their most extensive and superior stock of the above. CATALOGUES on application. Planting SeasoiL TAMES DICKSON and SONS beg to ^J draw attention to their very superior and very extensive Stock of hardily-grown and well-rooted TREES and PLANTS of every description. Priced CATALOGUES post-free. "Newton" Nurseries. Chester. OLD MEDAL BEGONIAS.— Seed saved from our unrivalled collection of named varieties, in sealed packets, i^. dd. and -zs. 6d, post-free. Special offers to the Trade. JOHN LAING AND CO., Nurseries, Forest Hill. S.E. EWING AND CO. forward gratis and post- free to applicants, CATALOGUES of their extensive and well-grown stock of Standard and Dwarf Roses, Pot Roses, Clematises, Vines, Fruit Trees, Ornamental Trees, and Coniferx. The Royal Norfolk Nurseries, Newmarket Road, Eaton, near Norwich. TO THE TRAD E.~VEGE TABLE, FLOWER and AGRICULTURAL SEEDS, of sterling quality only. Our own, and other carefully selected Novelties of (he season. — SANDER and CO., Seed Growers, St. Albans. EBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERTS AND OTHER NUTS. Persons desirous of obtaining Trees of the above, grown by the late R. Webb, of Calcot, should give early orders to THE MANAGER. Calcot Gardens, Reading. CATALOGUES post-free on application. EBB'S CHOICE POLYANTHUS AND OTHER SPRING PLANTS. Early orders are solicited for the above choice plants. Apply to THE MANAGER. Calcot Gardens, Reading. 10,000 Good Three-Year-old "Crown Bob" GOOSEBERRY TREES for Sale ; also 15 cwt. of Robinson's Champion Drumhead CABBAGE SEED (selected). Apply. W. COLVIN, Money Bridge Gardens, Pinchbeck, Spalding. EW CUCUMBER.— Stanstead Rival is a genuine novelty, and will take its place as the best Cucumber grown. Sealed packets -zs. 6d. each. 1 he Trade supplied, JOHN LAING AND CO.. Seedsmen, Forest Hill. S.E. SEED POTATOS.~We have a large stock of the principal varieties, free from disease— mostly grown upon moss land. Priced LISTS and every detail on application. LITTLE AND BALLANTVNE, Seed Growers, Cai lisle. To Gardeners. WANTED to PURCHASE, si.x or eight large Plants, averaging 6 to lo feet high, and ab lut same width, of CAMELLIAS, alba plena, fimbriata, candi- dissima, Lady Hume's Blush, and imbricata. State lowest cash prices. C. WILSON, Nurseryman, Kendal. ANTED to BUY, a quantity of QUICKS. Apply to ALFRED WINFIELD, Seed Warehouse, Gloucester. WANTED, LaTge^ Over-grown, White AZALEAS, in EXCHANGE for fine Plants of STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA. JAMES HOADE, opposite Railway Station, Addlestone, Surrey. ANTED to PURCHASE.— Dobson and Lancashire Lad GOOSEBERRIES, Standard Keswick APPLES, SWEET BRIER, strong transplanted. Reply, stating price and quantity, to FRUIT GROWER. 16. Crown Court, Russell Street, W.C. Cuctunber Plants. WANTED, 40 TELEGRAPH (true). W. L. MAITLAND, Merton Abbey Nursery, Surrey. The Finest Primula of the Season. First-class Certificate, R. H. S. Jan. 14. 1879. SUTTON'S RUBY KING.— '* Most striking and magnificent in appear- ance."— Gardeners' Chronicle. Price 5J. per packet, post-free. The Finest Primula ot the Season. Large Silver Banksian Medal, R. H. S. Jan. 14, 1879. SUTTON'S RUBY KING.— " Quite surpasses all the crimson Primulas we have hitherto seen." — Gardeners' Magazine. Price $s. per packet, post-free. The Finest Primula of the Season. Deep Blood Red. Perfectly distinct. aUTTON'S RUBY KING.— )0 " The most beautiful of the Chinese Primulas." — Garden. Price 55. per packet, post-free. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Readmg, Berks SELECTED STOCKS of GARDEN, FLOWER, and FARM SEEDS.— New Seed LIST for 1879 is now ready, and will be sent post-free to any one on application. LITTLE AND BALLANTVNE, The Queens Seedsmen, Carlisle. Trade Price Current-Beeds-1879. THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (LIMITED), have issued their ANNUAL CATALOGUE of SEEDS, and if any of their Customers have been inadvertently overlooked, copies will be sent on application. I, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh ; 106, Southwark Street, London, S.E, Special Offer to the Trade. WOOD AND INGRAM have just compiled a Speci-al LIST of NURSERY STOCK, including a fine lot of extra transplanted BRITISH OAK, which they can offer in quantities, at a reduced rate Free on application. The Nurseries, Huntingdon. LIBERIAN COFFEE SEED.— A large consignment of this season's fresh seed, in the berry, just arrived in splendid condition. Can be viewed and purchased in original Liberian packages. THOMAS CHRISTY and CO.. 155, Fenchurch Street. E.C. To the Trade. NUTTING AND SONS having now posted their Annual Wholesale Garden, Agricultural and Flower Seed CATALOGUE to all their friends, if not to hand, on application another shall be immediately forwarded. NUTTING AND SONS, Seed Merchants, 60, Barbican, London. E.C. Fit for Immediate Working. ROSA MANETTI and R. MULTIFLORA DE LA GRIFFERAIE, 251. per 1000, .£10 per 10.000. A. M. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK, Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, near Zwolle, Netherlands. To the Trade. CHOICE GARDEN and FARM SEEDS, of reliable quality, for Market Gardeners and Seedsmen. Our Priced LIST is now ready, and will be sent post-free. Apply to HARRISON and SONS, Seed Growers. Leicester. To the Trade. EDWARD HOLMES offers Standard APPLES and Standard PEARS, cheap. Sorts and price on application. Whittington Nursery, Lichfield. GRAPES THIS YEAR.— Splendid well- ripened short-jointed Canes for immediate fruiting. Apply to JAMES DICKSON and SONS, Newton Nurseries, Chester. BLACK HAMBURGH VINES, and other leading sorts, in Fruiting and Planting Canes. Prices, &c., on application to F. R. KINGHORN, Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey. Vines —Vines— Vine 3, J COWAN, The Vineyard, Garston, near • Liverpool, is now offering a large and splendid stock ol strong, short-jointed, and thoroughly ripened GRAPE VINES, suitable for fruiting in pots and planting Vineries. Catalogues free. The Trade supplied. HAMPTON COURT BLACK HAM- BURGH VINE.— Strong fruiting well ripened Canes of this well known Grape, 5J., 75. 65., and lor. 6./. each ; Planting Canes, 3^-. td. each. Also a good stock of most of the best kinds. T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston, Surrey. Scarlet Rtmners. URST AND SON can offer the above to the Trade at special rates, on application. 6, Leadenhall Street, E.C. EAKALE, ASPARAGUS and RHUBARB Roots, for forcing, exceptionally fine. For special quotations apply to H. THORNTON, i. Maxwell Road. Fulham. S.W. H S To the Trade, &c. ASPARAGUS, GIANT. — Splendid Roots for Planting and Forcing in immense quantity. EWING AND CO., Norwich. 66 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January i8, 1879. M SALES BY AUCTION. Hardy and Greenhouse Plants and Bulbs. MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, January 22, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, CAMELLIAS from Ghent, Standard and Dwarf ROSES, FRUIT TREES, HARDY and ORNA- MENTAL TREES and SHRUBS, GOOSEBERRY and CURRANT TREES, RASPBERRY CANES. HERBA- CEOUS PLANTS, CLIMBING PLANTS. GLADIOLI, LILIUMS, ANEMONES, RANUNCULI, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Lilies. R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, January 2:1, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, a quantity of CHOICE LILIES and OTHER ROOTS, including good llowenng bulbs of Lilium neilgherrense; the white flowers of this magnificent Lily are deliciously fragrant and of great substance, it bears several flowers on a stem, each (lower nearly 1 foot long. Also good flowering bulbs of Lilium neilgherrense tubiflorum; this variety has the tube much narrower up to the mouth, where it reflexes suddenly, so as to display more of the inner surface : figured in Wight's Icoms Plantarum Indim Oricnta/is. The rare Lilium columbianum, L. Browni, L. parvum, L. Wallichianum, L. Krameri, the beautiful " L. speciosum Kraetzeri," the new L. B.itemannx, and some bulbs of that large and remarkable Aroid Gidwinia gigas, and some good bulbs of the rare and handsome Crinum australe, C. giganteum and C. americanum ; an impor- tation of Lilium Wallichianum, the " prince " of the longitlorum section, a very scarce and beautiful Lily, flowers about 9 niches in length, colour a delicate creamy white, externally tinged with yellow and green ; 6000 LUium auratum. L. longifloruin, Lilium Thunbergianum staminosum, L. Krameri, just arrived from J.ipan in splendid condition. On view mornine of Sale, and Catalogues had. Auction Mart, Opposite the Bank, E.G. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart, on MONDAY NEXT, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, 5000 very fine BULBS of LILIUM AURATUM, 4000 L. Krameri, L. speciosum album and rubrum, L. tigrinum. fl -pi., L. Thunbergianum st.iminosum, and Soo L. T.ilsta Zurii from Japan; a Collection of lare English-grown LILIES, unusually fine roots, including several varieties of elegans, Washingtonianum giganteum, par- dalinum. Scovitziantim, Davuricum, Brownii, chalcedonicum, cuiidense, and others ; Cypripedium spectabile and occiden- tale; an assortment of CAPE BULBS; 403 Standard, Half Standard, and Dwarf ROSES ; 2000 fine double TUBE- ROSES, 15CO Tuberous-rooted BEGONIAS, and GLOX- INIAS, GLADIOLUS. TIGRIDIA GRANDIFLORA, &c. Catalogues at g8, Gracechurch Street, E.G. N.B. — Messrs. P. & M. having had the cases of Lilium au'atum opened, are enabled to report that the bulbs are all in fine condition, and for the most part very large. Preliminary Notice of an Important Sale of LILIES from JAPAN, including 5000 auratum, 1500 tigrinum jucundum, 500 Leichtlinii, looo Thunbergianum stami- nosum, 1000 longitlorum ; also 13 beautiful varieties of Acers, Iris and Nvmph;ta, together with a splendid assortment of ENGLISH GROWN LILIES, a number of first-class PERENNIALS, tuberous-rooted BEGONIAS. Cape BULB5, North American and other hardy ORCHIDS, 2000 American TUBEROSES, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL the above at the Mart, on MONDAY, January 27. Full particulars next week. West Wickliam, Kent, S.E.. Close to the " Swan Inn." Three miles from Beckenham and Bromley Stations. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. W. Kirkcaldy to SELL by AUCTION, without reserve, at The Nursery, as above, on THURSDAY, January 30, at r2 o'Clock punctually, 3C00 Common and Portugal LAURELS, 2 to 5 feet ; 1500 HOLLIES and YEWS, 3 to 5 feet ; CEDRUS DEODARA, 1000 BER- BERIS, 2000 Spruce and Scotch FIRS, 2000 PINUS AUSTRIACA, LIMES, PLANES. BORDER SHRUBS of sorts, 500 tirst-class Standard ROSES, well trained and Pyra- midal I'-RUIT TREES, &c. View prior to Sale. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, City, E.C, Preliminary Notice of Important Ti^ORTHCOMING SALES -Ij by PROTHEROE AND MORRIS. FEB. 4, S, and 6.— KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, Hereford, by order of Messrs. Cranston & Co. Several Acres of first- class Nursery Stock, in the finest condition for removal. FEB. 7.— The RECTORY, Wickham, Newbury. Berks, by order of the Executors of the kite Rev. W. Nicholson. The whole of the choice Greenhouse Plants and Effects, includ- ing 150 beautifully furnished specimen Camellias, in tubs and pots, varying in height from 4 to r2 feet. FEB. II.— WEST HAM .and PLAISTOW, Essex, by order of Mr. W. Holmes. Clearance Sale of General Nursery Stock. FEB. 13 and 14. —The NURSERIES, Taunton, by order of Mr. W. Hockin. Clearance Sale of Nursery Slock. FEB. 18 and 19.— The NURSERY, E.veter. by order of Messrs. Lucombe, Pince & Co. General Nursery Stock. FEB. 25.— EXOTIC NURSERY, Tooting, S.W., by order of Mr. R. Parker. Important Sale of thriving young Nursery Stock. Catalogues may be obtamed of the Auctioneers, gS, Grace- church Street, E.C, and Leytonstone, E. Linden House, Tumham Green. CLEARANCE SALE.— Valuable Growing TIMBER. Green OAK, CEDAR of LEBANON, choice SHRUBS and EVERGREENS, quantity of BUILDING MATE- RIALS, largejTANKSaiid SKate CISTERN, HEATING APPARATUS, and MISCELLANEOUS EFFECTS, nearly new BUILDER'S CART, VAN, powerful HORSE, S;c. MR. JAMES H. GREEN is instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises as above, on TUESDAY, January 28, at 11 for 12 o'Clock, the Land being required for Building purposes, the whole of the valuable growing TIMBER, choice SHRUBS and EVERGREENS, BUILDING MATERIALS, HORSE, VAN, SPRING CART, &c. Catalogues may be had at the Estate Offices, 72, King Street, Hammersmith, \V, III re 'William Sldrving, Deceased. To NURSERYMEN, GENTLEMEN, LOCAL BOARDS, PLANTERS of PUBLIC PARKS, CEMETERIES, and PRIVATE GARDENS, &c. MESSRS. BRANCH AND LEETE will SELL by AUCTION, on MONDAY, February 17, and several following days, at 12 o'Clock each day. at the extensive Nurseries in Walton, near Liverpool, the whole of the important and well-grown NURSERY SroCK, consisting of Forest and Ornamental Trees, Fruit Trees, Evergreen and Deciduous Shrubs, Quicks. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, Herbaceous Plants, &c. A few of the leading items are Elms, Birch, Scarlet and Common Horse Chesnut, Limes, Mountain Ash, Poplars, Willows, Laburnums ranging up to 15 feet high, strong oval-leaved Privet, fine trained Plums, Cherries, Apples, Pears, &c. Of Hollies the stock is very extensive, the v.ariety great and of all sizes up to 15 feet ; Rhododendrons, Irish and Golden Yews, Cupressus, &c. The stock can be inspected any day prior to the Sale. Noble- men, Gentlemen, and others laying out fresh grounds or re-arranging those at present eyisting will find this an oppor- tunity very rarely to be met with ; and the high standing enjoyed by the late William Skirving, Esq., is a sufficient guarantee for the great excellence of the stock. Catalogues will be ready in due course. Any information required can be obtained from J. W. DAVIDSON, Esq., Accountant, 10, Cook Street ; or at the Offices of Messrs. BRANCH AND LEETE, Hanover Street, Liverpool. Second Advertisement. ME.SSRS. CAPES, DUNN, and PILCHER have the pleasure to announce that, in pursuance of further instructions from T. M. Shuttleworth, E^.l., who has recently purchased another residence, they will SELL by AUCTION at Howick House, near Preston, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY. April 15 and 16. without the slightest reserve, the entire and unique COLLECTION of STOVE and GREENHOUSE SPECIMEN EXHIBITION PLANTS, Azaleas, Fine-foliaged Plants, Gleichenias, Tree and other Ferns, together with Orchids, Camellias, and other plants of a miscellaneous character. The specimens to be offered are now in grand condition, and they will be invaluable for the coming season to Exhibitors. Catalogues will be ready at the end of February, and may then be obtained from the Auctioneers, 8, Clarence Street, Manchester. In consequence of tlie death of the Proprietor, MR. GEORGE ROGERS, that old- tstablished NURSERY and SEED BUSINESS has now to be DISPOSED OF. To an energetic man with moderate capital it is a rare opportunity. The property is free- hold, and close to the town. Purchase-money about .^1000, part of which may remain on mortgage. Reference to Messrs. MINIER, NASH, AND Co., 60, Strand, London, W.C., and all information from Mrs. ROGERS, The Nurseries, Uttoxeter. In tlie SoutliEastern District. About four miles from Covent Garden, well situated, in an improving locality. SMALL NURSERY, comprising about 1 acre of Ground, Dwelling-house, Cottage, and five large Greenhouses. Lease, twenty years unexpired. Rent ^60 per annum. Price for interest in lease and stock, ^175- Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. To Florists, Horticulturists, and Market Gardeners. TO BE LET, by Tender, for a term of four and three-quarter years, a LARGE GARDEN, well planted with choice FruitTrees(chiefly supplied by Mr. Thomas Warner, of The Abbey, Leicester), also containing large Vineries, 118 feet long by 16 feet 6 inches wide, divided into five compartments, well stocked with choice Vines in full bear- ing : also a Cucumber-house and other conveniences. Good supply of water ; also the use of seven Rooms in Private Dwell- ing-house (the other part of this house is occupied, but is thoroughly separated and kept private from the part to be let.) The whole Premises occupy an area of one and three-quarter Acres, and have been specially designed for the business of a Fruiterer, Florist, and Market Gardener. Arrangements for keeping a Horse and Cart upon the Pre- mises can easily be made. The above is well situated, within three minutes' walk of a Railway Station and 5^^ miles from Leicester. Application to view to be made to Messrs. C. C. ELLIS, MUNDAY andCO.. 19. St. Swiihm's Lane. London. E.C. ; or to Mr. CHARLES COX, 13, Market Street, Leicester, from whom all information can be obtained. Tenders to be sent to the said Charles Cox not later than January 25, who will not be bound to accept the highest or any Tender. To Florists and Nurserymen. TO BE LET, with immediate possession, the GARDEN, forming the centre of Princes Square, Kennington Cross, S.E., with the Glasshouse thereon, fitted with Hot-water Piping ; also a small DWELLING HOUSE adjoining, with extra Land (if required). Apply, Messrs. WARING and NICHOLSON, Surveyors, 53, Parliament Street. Westminster, S.W. Borough of Burslem. TO NURSERYMEN, GARDENERS. &c. THE CORPORATION INVITE TENDERS for a supply of TREES and SHRUBS for PLANTING in the CEMETERY; also TENDERS for DOING the PLANTING. Specification, List of Trees and Shrubs, and particulars, with Forms of Tender, on application to the Borough Surveyor. Tenders, sealed and endorsed '* Trees and Shrubs," or " Planting " (as may be), are to be sent to me not later than the 21st instant. The lowest or any Tender not necessarily accepted. The Corporation also invite applications for the APPOINT- MENT of FOREMAN GARDENER, to Superintend the Planting and Laying-out. Applications, in the handwriting of the applicant, stating age and salary required, and enclosing three recent testimonials or giving three references, to be sent to me not later than the 21st instant. J. W. POWELL, Town Clerk. Town Hall, Burslem, January 3, iSyg. The Best New Pea. CARTE R'S TELEPHONE.— First-Class Certificate Royal Horticultural Society, ** A very remarkable Pea, of enormous size, p^rand appearance and good quality." — Gardeners' Chronicle, Price 2S. 6d- per pint (in sealed packets only). See STERLING NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free, from CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holbom, London. c D Caution.— Sutton's Novelties. MESSR.S. SUTTON find it necessary to state that their Novelties can only be had direct from them. Every packet bears their Ivegistered Trade Mark. De- scriptive particulars on application. The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. Berks. To Florists and the Trade. LILY OF THE VALLEY, 3,?. per dozen blooms; MAIDENHAIR FERN, 6l. per dozen bunches. Cash with order. C. WILSON, Nurseryman, Kendal. Seeds. U CUMBERS. — Pearson's Long Gun, IS. 6d. per packet ; Pearson's Telegraph, is. per packet. CATALOGUES of all Seeds on application. J. R. PEARSON, The Nurseries. Chilweil. Notts. ATALOGUES. — His Excellency Pierre Wolkenstein will feel greatly obliged if Nurserymen and Seedsmen will kindly send him their Catalogues. They should be forwarded (by post) to S. E. PIERRE WOLKENSTEIN, Secretaire dc la Societ^ Imperiale d'Horticulture de Kussie. St. Petersburg, To tiie Trade. A H L I A S , 20,000 (pot roots). — CATALOGUES and price on application to Messrs, KELWAV and SON, Langport, Somerset. R. GEORGE BUNYARD, Horticul- TURAL Valuer, Nukservman. Seedsman, and Florist (of the firm of Thomas Bunyard & Sons), Maidstone, Kent. _ Valuations made for Probate, Partnership, Incoming or Outgoing Tenants, or other purposes. Terms on application. READNOUGHT CUCUMBER. — The finest Black-spine, and the best paying market variety extant : warranted true. Seed, five for is., fourteen for zs. 6d. POPE and sons, ijg, 121. 122, Market Hall, 3, Great Western Arcade, Birmingham. W' M. CUTBUSH AND SON beg to announce that their SEED CATALOGUE for 1879 has been posted to all their Customers. Any one not receiving a copy they would be glad of intimation to that effect, when a duplicate shall be forwarded. Highgate, London, N., and Barnet Nurseries, Herts. TAMES FARRAR and CO. beg to an- tJ nounce the publication of th.eir Wholesale CAfALOGUE of SEEDS for the present season, which will be forwarded post-free on application. Seed Warehouse, £6, Golden Lane, Barbican, London, E.C. Greea and Variegated Ivias of Sorts, Lar^e and sm.il!-leaved, in eight kinds. "OOBERT PARKER, having a surplus stock -L V of fine Plants in pots of the above-named, will be pleased to dispose of them in quantities, at very low prices. Names, sizes and prices, per dozen, 100 or 1000, will be given on application. Exotic Nursery, Tooting, Surrey, S.W. INUS AUSTRIACA, 35^-. per 1000, stocky, twice transplanted plants, about 2 feet ; CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, i-yr. seedling, 11s. per 1000, 2r. 6d. per 100 ; PINUS LARICIO, r.yr. seedling, 2j. 6i{. per tooo. JAS. HATHERELL, Brooklands, Weybridge, Surrey. "dWARD holmes begs to offferT^ LIMES, 5 to 6, 6 to 7 and 7 to 9 feet, of fine quality. Also AUSTRIAN PINES. 5 to 7 feet, safe to move. Price on application. Whittington Nursery, Lichfield. Tlie Best Frame Cucumber. SUTTON'S DUKE of CONNAUGHT, remarkably handsome, and the finest white-spined variety known. Perfectly level, from 22 to 26 inches in length, very uniform, with a bright green skin, well covered with bloom, spine scarcely discernible, and the fruit very Httle ribbed. Wonderfully small handle, and decidedly superior for exhibition. is. 6d. and 25. 6d. per packet, post-free. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. American Tuberoses. DOUBLE and PEARL. — We have just received a consignment of above. The bulbs are very fine. Samples and prices on application. HOWCROFT and WATKINS (Successors to Charlwood & Cummins). Seedsmen, 14, Tavistock Row, Covent Garden, London, W.C. To the Trade. SEED POTATOS. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to • make special offers of all the leading varieties of SEED POTATOS they have groB-n this season. The prices will be found very advantageous to purchasers. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Notice !— See RICHARD LOCKE'S Special Offer of ROSES, SEAKALE, ASPARAGUS, MANETTI STOCKS, Seedling BRIERS, in Gardtners' Chroiiklt, pages 3 and 4. January 4, 1S79. To tlie Trade. LAXTON'S FILLBASKET PEAS, LEAMINGTON ISRGCCOLI, and BRUSSELS SPROUT SEED. For price apply to J. AND W. MYATT, Mile End, Colchester. Wholesale Seed Catalogue. LITTLE AND BALLANTYNE beg to acquaint those of their Customers who may not have got a copy of the above, by any inadvertence, that another will be sent on application. Seed Growers and Nurserymen, Carlisle. Superbly Illustrated CUromoUtbograpMc GARDENING GUIDE and SEED CATALOGUE for i8;g. The most beautiful Chromolithographic Gardening Guide yet published. Post-free 12 stamps. To be deducted by purchaser when ordering. C. R. FREEMAN AND FREEMAN, Economic Seedsmen, Nor>vigh. January i8, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 67 TUe Best Frame Cuoumbers. /^ A R T E R'S MODE L.— \J ■• The model of what a Cucumber should be-handsome, productive, delicious."— Mr. G. GooD,\CRE, Or. to the Right Hon. the Earl of Harrmgton. Price 3S. 6,i. and 2J. 6J. per packet, post-free. ^ KELWAVS PARAGON.— Figured in the airih-tters Mag^a-^ sine, November i6, 187S, and described as ' decidedly Ai. Price 31. 6rf. per packet, post-free. S»e STERLING NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free, from CARTERS, Queen's Seedsmen, High Holhorn, London, W.C. ENTISH FRUIT TREES of every description, in 300 varieties, including some dwarf Pyramid Fruiting APPLES suitable for windy district-S, at extraordinarily low prices. Before purchasing elsewhere send for Special LIST to . „,,.,,<, T. EVES, Gravesend Nurseries.— Established 1810. WM. KNIGHT, of the Floral Nurseries, Hailsham, Susse.v, offers from his large Stocks of Standard and Dwarf ROSES, FRUIT TREES of all sizes, Scarlet and other RHODODENDRONS well set with buds, CONIFER.-E .and EVERGREENS, and DECIDUOUS TREES for Avenues, by the dozen, 100 or 1000, at very low prices for well-grown stuff. ^^ O THE TRADE.— PEARS, Willi.ams' Bon Chie'iienand Hessell. Standards, 75s. per roo : PLU.MS, Victoria, Dwarf-trained, 140J. per 100 ; CHERRIES, Standard, 751. per 100 ; also trained PEACHES APRICOTS, and APPLES. CATALOGUES on application to WILLIAM FLETCHER, Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey^ SEEDLING and TRANSPLANTED FOREST TREES.— One of the largest general Nursery Stocks in the kingdom, inspection of which is invited, Cheap through rates. Special prices to large purchasers. Samples on application. , .- , , .»t LITTLE AND BALLANTYNE, knowefield Nurseries, Carlisle^ Roses, Fruit Trees, and General Nursery Stock. WB. ROWE solicits the inspection by • Nurserymen of his extensive stock of the above, which are well-grown, and lit for removal. Barbourne Nurseries, Worcester. To the Trade. OSBORN AND SONS can still supply a quantity of Dwarf Maiden PEACHES, NECTARINES and APRICOTS, and a few Standards. Also the following FRUIT TREE STOCKS :- Common and Brussels Phun, Pe.ar, Crab, Paradise, Quince, and a few Cherry and Brompton Plum, Prices ou application. The Fulham Nurseries, London. S.W. Roses, Fruit Trees, &o. WILLIAINI FLETCHER'S CATALOGUE for the present season is now ready, and may be had on application. The slock is very large and most healthy. The Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey. The Best Early Pea, U TTO N'S EMERALD GEM. S From Mr. P. Pirie, Gr. to the Right Hon. Lord Stanley of Alderley. — " Your Emerald Gem Pea is the earliest variety I have ^rown. Sown with other early sorts it came in fully a week before them, and is very productive and of good flavour." Price 2J. 6d. per dozen, £1 per 100. Double DAISIES, Red, White, and Hen-and-Chickens, 5^. per 100 ; Doable dark Crimson, 6s. per 100. CATALOGUE for 1S79, containing 500 Illustrations, post-free or i^. BIDDLES AND CO., The *' Penny Packet Seed Company,' Loughborough, The Best Green-Fleshed Melon of the Year. DELL'S HYBRID.— The only green-fleshed Melon deemed worthy this year of the Royal Horti- cultural Society's First-Class Certificate. Smooth, deep yellow, netted skin, small ^talk, pale green flesh. "AH that we have tasted were delicious." — Gardeners' Chronicle. Price sy. 61/. per packet of six seeds, post-free. See STERLING NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free, from CARTERS. The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London. FECIAL OFFERS TO THE TRADE. LIMES, 8 to 10 feet, 75^. per 100 ; 10 to 12 feet, looj. to 120J. per 100, extra fine. ASH, Weeping, 8 to 10 to 12 feet, straight stems, 3-yr. old heads, extra fine, 245-. per dozen. COB NUTS and FILBERTS, from layers, 2 to 3 feet, 35^. per 100 : 3 to 4 feet, 45.^. per 100. PEACHES and NECTARINES, Dwarf Maidens, 60s. per 100. ROSES on the Manetti, Dwarf, all the very best sorts, extra fine, own selection, isr. per 100. YUCCA RECURVIFOLTA. all transplanted last year, very fine plants. -^Yz feet, 42J". per dozen. MULBERRIES, fine trees, 2i.r., 305 , 42^., and 60s., per dozen, a few extra large do., fine heads. 7^. f>d. each. KINMONP AND KIDD, Exotic and Vauxhall Nurseries, Canterbury, Kent. To Gentlemen, Builders, and the Trade rJOBERT AND GEORGE N E A L, *J Wandsworth Common and Garrett Lane Nurseries, beg respectfully to call attention to their large and varied Stock of HARDY. ORNAMENTAL, FOREST, FRUIT TREES and SHRUBS, which are grown at their Nurseries, especially those Trees, &c., which are most suitable for growing m or near large towns. _ An early inspection invited. All goods delivered free on rail in London, or at own residence, within five miles of the Nurseries. CATALOGUES free by post on application. Economy la the Garden. TO LARGE CONSUMERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. htmg bond Jick growers of the seeds they otTer, are enabled to place Puulic Institution.s, Hotel-keeI'ers, &c., on the most liberal terms. State quantities and sorts required to CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London. Special Cheap Offer of /CHOICE SHRUBS.— V^THUJA AUREA, 18 inches, 14s. per dozen. ELEGANTISSIM A, 18 to 22 inches, 14s. per dozen. SEMPER AURESCENS, 18 inches, i6s. perdozen. RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA AUREA, afeet, las. p. doz. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA LUTED, 2-yr. grafted, lis. per dozen. Package free. Cash with orders. T. FLETCHER and SON, Nurserymen, &c.. Chesterfield. QTANDARD and DWARF ROSES, O leading sorts, in large quantities of strong, hardy, and well-grown plants. Price LISTS on application. LITTLE AND BALLANTYNE. Knowefield Nurseries, Carlisle. To the Trade-Seed Catalogue. HAND F. SHARPE beg to announce that . their SEED CATALOGUE has been posted to all their customers. Any one not having received it will oblige by applying at once to Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. TODEAS.— Healthy young plants of T. superba and T. hymenophylloides (pellucida), free and safe by post. 2S. 6d. each for prepayment. Trade price (low) per too. or lesser quantities, on application. ROBERT SIM, Sidcup Hill Nursery, Foot's Cray, Kent. WHEELER'S LITTLE BOOK, OR SHORT SELECT SEED LIST For 1879, Should be in the hands of every one who desires to grow the best of everything'at the least e.\pense. It is full 0/ very valuable information on Gardening. Wheeler's Little Book is a very great favourite, and has been reviewed most favourably by the Horticultural Press. It con- tains an Almanac and complete Calendar of Garden Operations. Post-free for Twelve Stamps. Gratis to Customers. WHEELER &1S0N, SEED GROWERS, GLOUCESTER. riALCEOLARIAS. — Spotted, very best V^ strain, in pots, 6.r, fper dozen ; smaller, 4?. per dozen: pricked oft", fine plants, 2J. 6^ feet. ,, ., 3 to 4 feet. HOLLY, Green, i to 1% foot ,, hybrid, ij^ to 2 feet. ,, ,, 2 to 3 feet. ,, variegated, in variety. ROSES, HP., in variety. Standards. „ „ Half-standards ,, ,, Dwarfs. ,, Tea, in pots, in great variety. ,, Gloire de Dijon, extra strong. „ Maii5chal Niel, extra strong, ithcr CLIMBING PLANTS, and a vast variety of EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS. Also . ^ FRUIT TREES.— Pyramid Apples, Pears, Plums ; Trained Apples, Apricots, Cherries, Nectarines, Pears, Peaches and Plums. . . Samples and quotations on application. Royal Nurseries, Ascot, Berks. QUEEN of LILIES, LILIUM AURATUM. —Imported Bulbs are now arriving, and orders are solicited. This lovely Lily is quite hardy, and should be gene- rally grown. Before ordering send for Lily List, where all parti- culars are given. Reduced Prices :— Size No. i, 6wermg kind. Eighty per cent, of the plants come double, is. ESCHSCHOLTZtA CROCEA FLORE-PLENO.-A double flowered variety of this plant, and if it comes true from seed will prove a great acquisition. 2s. 6d. GERANIUM MOLLE AUREUM. -Hardy species with beautiful golden-yellow leaves, very dwarf, forming rosette-like tufts of growth which rest on the ground Suited for carpet- bedding and elegant rock plant. Comes true from seed sirailar to the Golden Feather Pyrethrum. 2f. 6d. GERARDIA DENSIFLORA. is. GERARDIA GRANDIFLORA. is. GERARDIA HETEROPHYLLA.— These three species of a new and beautiful genus arc natives of America, with large Pentstemon-like flowers and beautiful and elegant foliage, is. GOLDEN POINT-LACE PYRETHRUM.— This new variety is of the same deep rich colour as the Golden Feather Pyrethrum. which we introduced some years back, but with the delicate and finely cut or fringed leaves of P. laciniata. This latter has pale yellow leaver. The one now off"ered is of a golden-yellow, i^. IPOMGKA QUAMOCLIT VAR.— Ivy-leaved. scarlet flowers. A new variety of the well- known elegant species, with a stronger and more robust growth and different formed leaf, growing from 6 to 10 feet high in a few weeks if treated as an annual ; stems slender, of a shaded violet colour, leaves deeply lobed, flowers of a striking fiery scarlet, and produced in great profusion during the whole of the summer, is. LEUCOPH/E CANDIDISSIMA.— Its thick woolly leaves are similar to Stachys lanata, but the growth resembles more that of a shrubby Veronica. It is of a very pure silvery white, even surpassing in elegance and quickness of growth the Centaurea candidissim^, and forin.<: a compact tuft of 12 inches in height. 2^. 6d. LEUCOPH.'E MACR03TACHYA is another gem, with frosted foliage, is. 6d. LOASA VULCANICA. — A native of Quito. Annual ; 3 to 4 feet high, bushes covered with beautiful white star-like flowers of a most elegant and peculiar shape, is. LOBELIA, NAVAL BRIGADE, is. MESEMBRYANTHEMUM CORDIFOLIUM.— A carpet bedding plant. A green- leaved plant, with purple flowers, which may be used in gardens for the same purpose as its well known variegated variety is for edging, &c. Its growth is more rapid, in fact it is the most rapid growing plant that can be used for carpet bedding, and has a very pleasing appearance, is. NICOTIANA ACUTIFOLIA— A beautiful annual, with very large pure white flowers, introduced from Uru;:;uay ; the plant forms a low tuft of dark green, slightly undulated leaves out of which rise the flower-stalks to a height of from 2J4 to 3 feet, bearing multitudes of star-like five-lobed tlowcrs, resembling much the Bouvardia Humboldtii, with their 3 to 4 inches long tubes. i.r. NICOTIANA SUAVEOLENS.— Another beautiful species, still more desirable tlian the first for the delicious fragrance of its flowers. Their circnmference nearly forms a circle, with slightly undulated petals, is, PANSY MULTICOLOR. — A new section, after years of careful selection : the two upper petals are of sky-blue, margined or belted with violet and ed ^ed with white ; the lower oetals are rosy orange, deepening to purple (the centre is either white or yellow) ; they are also more or less spotted with azure-blue and purple. 1^. PANSY, FIRE DRAGONS.— A new section, also fixed from years of careful seIec;ion ; various shades, orange, bronze, some with deep purple centre with broad fiery bronze-brown edge, others again have a clear sky-blue cenire with broad orange or canary-yellow belts, is. PHACELIA MENZIESL i^, PHLOX DRUMMONDI PURPUREA ALBA STRIATA.-Ncw striped variety, intro- duced from America. 6d, RICHARDIA ALBO MACULATA —White-spotted leaves ; a fine plant for pot culture, or bedded out in the garden ; it is vigorous in growth, and free blooming ; large yellowish while flowers. 15. SABEATIA CHLOROIDES.— The fine species now introduced is perennial. See Catalogue for description, is. SALVIA FARINACEA.— Light blue, similar habit as S. splendens. See Catalogue for description. i.r. 6d. SAPONARIA OCYMOIDES SPLENDENS.-The flowers of this new variety are of a far finer red than those of the well-known favourite species, i r. VIOLET "THE CZAR."*-The white-flowered variety, very large flowers, is. SEEDS of NEW or RARE FLOWERS for POT CULTXJIIE. ANGET.ONIA GRANDIFLORA ATROPURPUREA.- beautiful stove plant. 2S. Cd, -A very fine dark variety of this ABUTILON INSIGNE.— A very fine and distinct species, exhibited before the Royal Horticultural Society. November 19. as A. igneum ; profuse blooming ; long panicle of droooiiir crimson-striped flowers, i^. *^ * BEGONIA ROEZLII.— This new species was introduced by M. Roezl. The flowers resemble an opening P.T:ony ; they are enveloped in a dark red spathe. and rapidly e.ipand into a beautiful umbel of large size, and composed of bright deep red flowers. In a temperate house the plants of this fine species bloom freely and in uninterrupted succession from November until March, is. 6tf. BERTOLONIA GUTTATA.— Beautiful rose, spotted leaves, if. 6J. BRUGMANSIA ARBOREA MACROPHVLLA.-A most noble plant, with immense flowers, drooping, trumpet-like, pure white, and finely perfumed. CAPE EVERLASTING FLOWER (GNAPHALIUM).-Specially gathered for us at the Cape. Ihis beautiful species, so much used for church decorations, and known in London under the name of the White Cape Flower, is of a silvery pure shining while, from I'i to 1 inches across ; certainly the most useful among all the everlastings, is. and 2s. 6./. ' COBCEA SCANDENS FL.-ALBO.- climbers. is. -White-flowered variety of one of the most useful EMPRESS COCKSCOMB.— Very large, rich crimson combs, is. 6,1. ERVTHRINA.— Choice hybrids, a very beautiful strain, is. 6J. GLOXINIA CRASSIFOLIA.— See Catalogue. 7s. td. HABROTHAMNUS COMTE DE ROSSI.-Deep rose, a very rich coloured variety. POINCIANA REGIA. EMPRESS OF INDIA.-An e.xceedingly brilliant varie this splendid ornamental plant ; whereas the flowers of the tvnc nrp .-rime — 1 ....._ colour of this new variety is a deeper crimson with pure white. RUSCUS ANDROGYNUS.— Evergreen climbing shrub for conservatory ■ vigorous erowth rich glossy green foliage, well adapted for tying round pillars. As a finefoliaged climber it is' unequalled, and covered with its coral-red berries it is charming. A fine specimen mav be seen at the Kew and Crystal Palace Conservatories, is. 6d. ' SOLANUM LOBELI,— A species 12 to 16 inches in height, and remarkable for its hand- some fruits, which, when of full size, are as large as an Apricot. During development they chanee from green to orange, becoming at maturity of a blood-red colour. Recommended for not culture as an ornament to the conservatory and rooms, is. STATICE ARBOREAIMAGNIFICA.-Avery fine improved form of this conspicuous blue- flowered conservatory plant, the colou/ richer, and habit robust, and large truss, is ta T.\CSONIA INSIGNIS.— A magnificent large flowered, brilliant-coloured species One of the most beautiful among conservatory climbers. Seed offered for the first time. 21. 6d THUNBERGIA FRAGRANS— Pure white, is. id. TORENIA BAILLONL— Like Foumicri, another valuable species, this is golden-vellow with a deep brownish red throat, is. td. 1 ^ t ZEPHVRANTHES GRANDIFLORA ALBA-A beautiful and distinct species with large pure white flowers on stout footstalk, resembling the Habranthus : the bulb is'lari?e resembling the bprekelia formosissima, is. 6d. * ' January iS, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 69 SEEDS of NEW or RARE ALPINE and PERENNIAL FLOWERS. AGAPANTHUS MOOREANUS.— Small miniature species, (rce nowering, i foot high. BELLIS ROTUNDIFOLIUJr CCERULEUM.-This is the first time we have been able to offer seed of the blue-flowered Daisy, is. ERIOGONUM RACEMOSUM.-In this very distinct species we have a new colour, its flowers beine of a pale pink shade, as large as in E. umbellali.rn. those previously introduced having yellow, orange, and white flowers ; it grows about 2 feet high. ERYSIMUM PULCHELLUM.— A dwarf, yellow-flowering, herbaceous plant, of such a densely tufted growth as to completely hide the soil; its great hardiness makes it especially suited for rockwork and sloping banks. FREESIA LEICHTLINI.— A beautiful Cape bulb, of easy culture. GNAPHALIUM LEONTOPODIUM (LEONTOPODIUM ALPINUM) the LION'S FOOT -This lovely little alpine, with the woolly, silvery-white bracteates is easily grown from seed iVsown early an'^ transplanted in good light soil Well known to travellers in Switzerland as Edelweiss, and remarkable for their dense clusters of flower- heads. HYACINTHUS CANDICANS.— Large pure white bell-shaped flowers, appearing from July to October. Quite hardy, and of the easiest cultivation. LINARIA MULTIPUNCTATA.— A small, pretty plant, of the dwarf habit of L. alpina. The foliage is glaucous, the flowers, of a very bright orange colour with black spots, in dense heads at the end of the branches. As the plants continue branching ofl- during the whole period of vegetation, there are always a multitude of flower-heads m bloom. A real gem amongst annuals, is. LIGULARIA THYRSOIDES. — Rare. Large handsome glaucous foliage, 2 feet in length ; large heads of yellow flowers ; plants 6 feet in height. POLYGONATUM MULTIFLORUM FOL. MACULATUM.— White, mirbled, and blotched leaves. \s. POLYGONATUM ROSEUM.— A very distinct species with rose-coloured flowers, erect growth, and foliage long and narrow. It flowers in whorls all up the shoots. PRIMULA SIEBOLDI (AMCENA).— This beautiful Japanese plant is one of the most valued of spring flowers. Large size, and of brilliant purple, but seedlings will yield a variety of tints. First time of offering seed. \s. 6ti. PRIMULA CARNIOLICA MULTICEPS.— A beautifulimproved large variety, discovered in its native habitat. i.r. SAXIFRAGA BURSERI. — A most lovely alpine rock plant, and earliest to bloom amongst spring flowers ; with large, circular, salver-shaped flowers the size of a shilling issuing most profusely from a canopy of neat foliage ; scarcely 1 inch in height. The buds before opening are deep red, sometimes of a deep scarlet tint. SAGITTARIA VARIABILIS.— New species, introduced from North America, and ilUis- trated in the Garden newspaper. i.r. TRITOMA MACOWANL— A very beautiful species, of recent introduction. The flowers are of a rich apricot colour, and the spikes denser than those of any other of the known species. Much dwarfer than the other forms, very free-blooming, suitable for cultivation in pots, and only 2 feet in height. VERBASCUM OLYMPICUM.— A splendid species, recently introduced ; flowers deep yellow ; the whole plant covered with woolly hairs, and the inflorescence candelabra-like, that is to say, twenty-five branches besides the leader coming into flower all at the same time ; a truly magnificent sight. A NEW PINUS, from Turkestan, in Central Asia, highly spoken of by the Government oflicials. 1,1. and 2s. 6ii. per packet. E. G. HENDERSON & SON, PINE-APPLE NURSERY, MAIDA VALE, LONDON, W. ■me Finest Strain of Prlmiaa. /BARTER'S PERFECTION PRIZE VV PRIMULA, mixed colours, comprising the finest forms and most brilliant shades in cultivation. Price IS. M. and jj. 6rf. per packet, post-free. See STERLING NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free, from CARTERS. Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London, W.C. URST AND SON'S CATALOGUES of GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS have beeii posted to all their customers ; any not having received copies w-ill oblige by informing ihem. 6, Leadenhall Street. London, E.G. To tlie Trade. SEED POTATOS.— Our SPECIAL LIST, containing all the best English and American varieties grown by us the past season, may n .w bs had, post-free, on application. H. AND F. SHARPE, Seed Growers, Wisbech. LAN TS — SPECIAL. HARDY NORTH AMERICAN ORCHIDS. DISA GRANDIFLORA, &c. See CATALOGUE post-free on application. The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY. Colchester. To tlie Trade. NEW POT.ATl). •■ PRIDE of ONTARIO." and F. SHARPE are now sending out the above most prolific and handsome shaped new Potato. Full description and price may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. To the Trade. SPECIAL PRICES ON APPLICATION ORGE COOPER, Seed Merchant, Hertford, begs to offer the following, of the choicest ONION, White Spanish „ White Globe ., Bedfordshire Champion CELERY, Cooper's Improved White B R O M P T O N STOCK, Giant Scarlet CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, from large (lowers. H. G^ BEET, Red.Cooper'sExcelsior BROCCOLI. Hills June CUCUMBER, Improved fele- graph ^Matchless PARSLEY. Curled, Cooper's SWEDE, Cooper's Improved Large Purple-top TURNIP, ImprovedAberdeen Green-top Yellow Cover Planting. MESSRS. JOHN STANDISH and CO. have the following Plants to olTer, in large quantities, well roolerl, sviitable for C'u-er Planling : — RHODODENDRON PuNTlCUM, 12 to iS inches, and very buihv. BERBERIS DARWINII, 1% to 2 feet. ., AQUIFOLIUM. and others. LAUREL, common, aj^ to 4 feet. ,, Portugal, 2 to 3 feet. ., caucasicum, 2 to 3 feet. AUCUBAS, and other Plants. When large quantities are taken a very liberal reduction will be made from the catalogue prices. Samples and prices on application. Royal Nurseries, Ascot. Berks. To tlie Trade.— Vines— Vines-Vines. WG. CALDWELL and SONS have • still extra strong fruiting Black Hamburgh VINES to offer, excellent stufif. at 55. 6d each. Also AZALEA AMCENA CALDWELLII, well set with buds, i8,s. and 24s. per dozen. APPLES, Standard, 40^. per 100. „ Pyramid, 60s. per too. in all leading varieties. General CATALOGUE of Fruit Trees, Conifers, Roses, &c , post-free on applicaiion. Ihe Nurseries. Knutsford, Cheshire. Potato Culture.— Secrets of Success. MR. PORTER, Old Meldrum, having resolved to give up growing Potatos for competition, has now published " CULTURAL DIRECTIONS," contain- ing an account of his experience and practice in Potato Growing for Exhibition, and especially hew to secure brightness and polish of tubers by cultivation and manuring, S:c- ; in short, now to produce perfect and polished Potato^ in all soils and seasons. Invaluable to Exhibitors. Subscription copies only will be issued. Price 105. 6ei. each, post free. Sent on receipt of Post-office Order for the amount, to be made payable at Old Mcldnim to W. Porter. Apply to Mr. PORTER, Old MelJrum, Aberdeen. Healthy Plants in Pots of L ILIUM AURATUM, the Golden-Rayed Japanese Lily, per dozen. i8,r., 24J., and 30J. BARR AND SUGDEN, la, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C. CLEARANCE SALE, UNUSUALLY LOW PRICES, OF THE WHOLE OF THE EXCELLENT STOCK OF TREES, EVERGREENS, &c.. Now Growing in the QUEEN'S P.\RK AND E.\TON ROAD NURSERIES, CHESTER. For ParticiiLrrs apply to JAMES DICKSON & 'NEWTON" NURSERIES, SONS, CHESTER. EAST LOTH I AN NEW CRIMSON. STOCK, T O D D & C O . Offer Seed of this splendid variety, saved from the original stock which for years has produced 90 per cent, of double flowers It is most brilliant in colour, and possesses the true East Lothian habit. In October last cut blooms of the Crimson East Lothian Stock were sent for exhibition before the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, but unfortunately were not delivered in time. Mr. Barron in informing us of this, says : — " They were, however, exhibited to the company, and very much admired ; the colour was very bri liant." In September last cut spikes were sent to Messrs. E. G. Henderson & Son, Pine- apple Nuisery, London, who say :— " It is certainly a very 'fine variety, being much brighter in colour than the oidinary scarlet." Mr- Robertson Monro. Abercorn Nurseries. Edinburgh, one of the largebt growers of flowers, for the Edinburgh Market, says :— " 1 have given up the scarlet variety, as it is quite super- seded by your crimson, which is the most brilliant Stock I kno.v. and should be t;rown largely by every market florist, and by all gardtneis.'' Mr. Alex.\nder Gibson, the Gardener, Vogrie, near Ediiiburj;h, writes to Mr. Todd :— "' I have grown the Crimson East Lothian Stock every season bince you gave me a pinch of seed in 1S71. It is quite distinct and immensely superior to the scailet variety, and has been admired by all who have seen it here. It cannot be too well known." IS. and zs. 6d, per Packet. AUo PURPLE, ROSE. SCARLET, WHITE, andWHITE WALLFLOWER-LEAVED, xs. and 25. 6d. per packet. AMATEURS' PACKETS, 6d. each. T O D D & SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS, CO., MAITLAND STREET. EDINBURGH. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM. 3,000,000 SEEDLINGS, 2, 3 and 4 years, fine ; also many thousands of stout bedded and transplanted. Saittples and Prices on application. J. J. MARRIOTT. Highfield Nurseries, Matlock, Derbyshire. rO THE SEED TEA DE. OUR WHOLESALE CATALOGUE is now ready, and may be had on application. A copy has been posted to all our Customers, if not received an early intimation will oblige. MINIER, NASH and NASH, 60, Strand, London, W.C. Vines-Vines -Vines. BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that • his stock of VINE.S is this year imusually tine, and comprises all the leading kinds, including " Alnwick Seedling." For descriptions and prices, see B. S. W.'s BULB CATA- LOGUE for this year. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries. Upper HoUoway, London, N. To the Trade —Immense quantities of extra fine SEEDLINGS and TRANSPLANTED PLANTS— Quicks, Scotch Firs, Alders, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, &c. For Descriptive CATALOGUE, apply to LEVAVASSEUR and SON, Nurserymen, Ussy. Calvados, France: or to their Agents. Messrs. R. SILBERRAD ANO SON, 15, Harp Lane, Great Tower Street, London, E.C. HCANNELL begs to inform the Trade • that he has more of the following Seeds than he reciuires. H. C. need hardly say that neither seeds nor strain can be e.\ceIieJ, and will be sure to give satisfaction. Supplied either in large or small quai:tilies. Price. &c.. on application. ASTERS, English, Quilled, in 20 colours. AGERATU.M, L.ady Jane and Cupid, the best of all. BETA CHILENSIS.— Very fine. Was the surprise of all beholders. Colours most vivid. Six feet high. BRO.MPTON STOCKS. Giant Scarlet.— Finest. CANTERBURY BELLS.— Highly coloured pink and most striking. FOXGLOVE.— Splendid Glo.finia flowers, spotted. MILES' MIGNONETTE.— Far superior to the ordinary kinds, and for pots an acquisition. SWEET WILLIAM. — Splendid round flowers of innumerable colours. VIOLA BLUEBELL.— Best of the Violas. VIOL.'\. LUTE-\ MAJOR —Best of all the yellows. BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— Remarkably fine strain, in fact by far the best ever taken into the Borough Market last year. The Home for Flowers, Swanley, Kent. 1\[EW CELERY, CLAYWORTH PRIDE. X^ — A pink Celery of the higbest excellence, raised from Wright's Gruve Red, but a decided improvement on that esteemed variety : it is uf medi'im height, and femaikable for iis thick robi'St habit, it is very sjlid and of excellent flavour. As an exhibition variety it cannot be surpassed ; it will ah.o pruve invaluable for market and general .purposes, either for early or late use, as it blanches very easily, and can be grown to perfection by the latter part of August, and its keeping qualities are unequalled. I find it superior to any Celery I have yet "grown, and have greit confidence in offering this Gem to the public. Packets post-free for 1 3 or 25 stamps. Address R. OGLEY, Seedsman, &c., Clay worth, near Bawtiy, Yorkshire. The Best Cauliflower. CARTER' S MONT BLANC — Snow-while head, very compact and firm. From Mr. S. Haines, Gr. to the Right Hon. Lord Radnor. — "Carter's Mont Blanc is a splendid white Cauliflower, keeping in condition a long time." Price IS td. and iS. 6,/. per packet, post-free. See STERLING NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free, from CARTERS. The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holboin, London. The Best Cauliflower. SUTTON'S KING of the CAULI- FLOWERS, dwarf, compact, very large, firm, beautilully white heads. From Mr. John Clark, Gr. to the Most Noble the Marquis of Ripon. — " Your King is a very dwarf, good strain of Cauli- flower, producing firm and beautifully white heads." \s. 6it. and ?s. 6Y. per packet, post-free. Send for SUl'l'O.V'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. Reading. WURZEL, and and GOOSEBERRY POTATOS, MANGEL SWEDE TURNIP SEED, TREES. POTATOS— !o tons Snowflake, lo tons Improved Peach- blow, 30 tons Champions. 10 tons Early Vermont. MANGEL WURZEL SEED, New— 2 to 3 tons Sutton's Oxheart. GOOSEBERRY TREES-5000 Warringtons, 3-yr. For special low prices apply to W. COCKS, Monk's Hall Seed Farms, Gosberton, Spalding. 70 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January iS, 1879. Vecetabie&FlowerSeeds Seed Potatos.Toois&c BssT \ ^^..^^ ^ (Successors to the late A. Paul & Son, ^i\ rf'^?^/-^ Established 1806,) ' "'^^ROSE GROWERS, TREE, PLANT, BULB, AND SEED MERCHANTS. / A-:^;)fe> WALTHAM CROSS ^' 'Sk^" HERTS. Adjoining the " Waltham " Station Great Eastern Railway. Inspection of Stock invited. Priced Descriptive Catalogues free by post. FELTON & SONS' SEED CATALOGUE FOR 1879 is now ready. And contains the best Vegetables and Flowers, with Practical Directions for their Successful Cultivation. Gratis and Post-free. ROYAL NURSERIES and SEED WAREHOUSE, Harbome Road, Birmingham. All Seeds ive Sell are New and Unadnltcmted. CRANSTON'S NURSERIES. Established 1785. EIGHTY ACRES. ROSES, FRUIT TREES, CONIFERS, FOREST TREES, &c. Descriptive and Priced Catalogue for 1878 now ready. Address — CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD. FOB SPETNG, 1879. For the Best List OF CHOICE KITCHEN GARDEN FLOWER SEEDS, SEED POTATOS, «S;c. |S¥ *.i^;'iSS^f my, I Jliustrated^uide fox ^i^ , I . V t"^: Price Is , post-free. Gratis to Customers and intending Purchasers Should be in the hands of every one having a Garden. DANIELS BROS., Royal Norfolk Seed Establishment, NORWICH. GEO. J ACKM AN & SON, (Established i8io,) Cultivators of FRUIT and FOREST TREES, Evergreen and Flowering TREES and SHRUBS, ROSES, RHODODENDRONS, Conifers and. Hardy Climbers. THE CLEMATIS A SFECIALITY. Descriptive Priced Catalogues free. WOKING NtJBSEBY, STTBRET 1 CHOICE HOME-GROWN SEEDS FOR 1879. JOM CATTELL'S Descriptive CATALOGUE of the above, containing many Illustrations of Vegetables and Flowers, is now ready, and may be had post- free on application. The following J. C. can higUy recoramend : — PEAS, Cattell's Giant White Marrow, y. per quart. BEAN, Early Purple Flageolet, highly recommended for forcing, IS. bd. per pint. BEET, Cattell's Dwarf Purple-top, u. per packet. BROCCOLI, Cattell's Eclipse, the hardiest and latest in culti- vation. \s. td. per packet. BRUSSELS SPROUTS, Cattell's five selected, u. per packet. CABBAGE, Cattell's Reliance, u. per packet. CAULIFLOWER. Cattell's Improved Walcheren, u. dd. pkt. CELERY, Cattell's Dwarf Hardy Red, IJ. per packet. CUCUMBER, Kirklees Hall Defiance, tj. 6d. per packet. LETTUCE, Cattell's Leviathan Cos. 2i. 6d. per packet. „ Cattell's Hardy White Cos, u. 6d. per packet. ONION. Cattell's Mammoth, ii. td. per packet. PARSLE V, Cattell's E.xquisite Curled, 6d. and is. per pacKet. RADISH, Cattell's Purple Olive-shaped, u. 6d. per packet. TURNIP, Cattell's Silver Ball, 6d. and is. per packet. . Cattell's Dwarf Purple-top, 6d. and u. per packet. POTATO, Cattell's Eclipse Kidney, First-Class Certificate 45. per peck. „ Cattell's Reliance Kidney, 31. 6j & Sons Reading. Wm. Tho.mpson Tavern Street, Ipswich. Ln Holmes Whittington Nursery, near Lichfield. E. G. Henderson & Son Pine-apple Nursery, ,Maida Vale, London. W. F. S: A. S.MiTH Nurseries. West Dulwich, London, S.E. Other names will be added as Orders are received. FRIEDRICH ADOLPH HAAGE, Jun., Seedsman, Erfurt. SEEDS OF SUPERIOR Q,U A L I T Y. Wm. Paul & Son {Successors to the late A. PAUL & Son — Established i So6) BEG TO ANNOUNCE THAT THEIR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF SELECT VEGETABLE, FLOWER SEEDS, &c., is now ready, and will be forwarded post-free on application. Many Seeds are home-grown, and all are selected with the utmost care from the most celebrated stocks at home and abroad, in order to secure their Customers the best quality that can be obtained. IMPORTANT.— Observe Christian Name— ^VM. PAUL & SON, PAUL'S NURSERIES and SEED WAREHOUSE, WALTHAM CROSS, LONDON, N. •Richard Smith 8. cs- |^^^«lei>B3BeiiiialE«a^H TT'IFTY ACRES of FRUIT TREES.— J- Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries. Peaches. Nectarines, Apricots, and other Fruit Trees, as Standards, Dwarfs, Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon and trained trees i.i great variety, all full of vigour, and warranted true to name. Descriptive Price List, containing a sketch of tlie various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure, Prunuig, Lifting, Cropping. Treatment under Glass ; also their Synonyms, (juality. Size, Form, Skin, Colour. Flesh, Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season, Price, Sic, for a penny stamp. TWELVE ACRES of ROSES.— Standard, Dwarf, and Climbing, all the popular sorts ; also 80,000 choice Tea-scented and Noisette Roses in pots ; extra strong Roses in pots for immediate forcing. Sec Descriptive Price List, free for a penny stamp. i^RAPE VINES and ORCHARD HOUSE VJ TREES in POTS.— Grape Vines, extra strong, and warranted free from phylloxera, oidium, and all disease; Planting Canes, -^s. td. to 5J. each ; extra strong Fruiting Canes, •}$. 6d. to I05. (yd. each. Orchard-house Trees, fruiting in pots, con- sisting of Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, Plums, Cherries, Pears, Apples, and Figs. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. WORCESTER PEARMAIN APPLE (awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horti- cultural Society). — One of the handsomest and most useful Apples in cultivation. For full description see " Extract from the yournal of Horiicttiture" and Richard S.mith & Co.'s Fruit List, which may be had for a penny stamp. Coloured Plates, 6(/. each. Maiden Trees, i^. dd. each ; Bushes, 3,^. each : Standards, Pyramids, and Dwarf-trained Trees, 3^, (id. and 51. each. HARDY HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS, their scientific and English names, height, colour, time of flowering, and other useful information. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. Collection of 100 beautiful hardy varieties for Garden Beds, Borders, or Rockeries, for yis. LISTofall the EVERGREEN FIR TRIBE, suitable for Britain, giving size, price, popular and botanical names, derivations, description, form, colour, foliage, growth, limber, use in arts, native country, and size there, situation, soil, and other information, with copious index of their synonyms. Free by post for six stamps. LIST of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising the best selections of Camellias, Azaleas, Ericas, Epacris,' Ferns, &c., frte for a penny stamp. LIST of EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS. RHODODENDRONS, STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES. CLIMBING and TWINING PLANTS, with their generic, specific, and English names, native country, height, time of fiiwering, colour, &c., and general remarks, free for a penny stamp. ALL kinds of GARDEN SEEDS, of first quality, BULDS, MUSHROO.M SPAWN, TOBACCO PAPER, ARCHANGEL MATS, and other GARDEN RE(JUISITES. See Lists, which may be had oa application. i K I C HAK D SM IT M &'t;^ •. ^ M.gy wc E s T E i^ M G Really Clioice Seeds. LOXINIA CRASSIFOLIA GRANDI- distinct, leaves fleshy, and re- curving ; blooms very -^ FLORA, magnificent strain, quite broad. large and richly marked and coloured. Erecta and horizontalis, sepa- rate or mixed, per packet. IS. and 2,y. 6d. AURICULA, extra choice, mixed. Almost every plant from this seed will give blooms of exquisite colouring, distinct eye and mar- gin, and perfection in form. Perpkt.. is. 6d. PETUNIA, Double, large flowering. Most carefully hybridised ; yields a large percent- age of double flowers. Per packet, ij-. 6d. BEGONIA. Tuber- ous rooted. — From a superb collection con- taining all the splendid new introductions in this class. Per pkt., single. 2s. 6d. ; double, 2S. td. -i^f^j^ STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA.— Free-flowering variety from the ^lauritius. Per packet, is. 6d., Post-free. JAMES rVNAN, 63, Great George Street, Liverpool. Francis & Arthur Dickson & Sons. 106 Eastgate St.& ri^TrOTPO \ TheUpton" Nurseries V^llL O 1 l!urisiurpassed:^ • 72 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January i8, 1879. F. GALLOP, F.R.H.S., SEED MERCHANT and FLORIST, 30, WESTERN ROAD, BRIGHTON. MIGNONETTE, NEW HYBRID SPIRAL (Miles'). F. G. has much plea- sure in announcing that he is the Introducer of the above-named New Mignonette, which is nowaclcnowledged to be the finest variety ever ex- hibited. It caused quite a sensation at the great Show at South Kensing- ton, on May 2, 1877, being the variety that attracted the marked at- tention of Her Majesty the Queen. __ Price Is. per packet. Extract from llic Journal of Horticulture and Cottage Garden, June 7, 1877. "This is the finest MiEnonette that has come under our notice. It is the same vaiiety that attracted the attention of Her Majesty the Queen at the great E.\hibition at South Kensuigton, on May 2, 1877. Extract from The Garden, May 4, 1878. New Mignonette. — Mr. GALLor sends us from Brighton specimens of his new Mignonette, which is very distinct in appearance and very fragrant, even when grown in ordinary soil, and tlowered so early in the season. It is a good sign to see attention devoted to distinct or improved varieties of such plants as the Mignonette. Extract from the Gardeners Chronicle, May ii, 1878, page 598. Mignonette, New Si'Irai-. Miles*. — We have been favoured by Mr. F. Gallop, of Brighton, with a small example of this fine variety of Mignonette. The season is early yet for good examples, but the spikes of flowers before us, though grown only in a small 6o.pot, are very fine, proving that this strain still retains its excellent character. To prevent disappointment, procure seed In the Original Packets, bearing my Name and Address. A B U T I L O N , GEORGE'S NEW HYBRIDS. Selected by Mr. J. George from an unrivalled and splendid collection. The coloiu-s will consist of White, Primrose, Orange, light and deep Rose of various shades. Some of the varieties have been exhibited during the past season at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kegent's Park, and awarded a First-class Certiticate ; in addition to the above, several varieties, not yet in commerce, are included in the mixture, consequently many new and beautiful varieties may be expected to be produced from the seed now offered. Per packet Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. The Abutilons are most useful plants, suitable either for Decoration or Cut Bloom. Directions for Sowing. — The seed should be sown from February to March, in a warm greenhouse or frame, and then grown on in a steady heat ; the plants will then begin to bloom in July, and continue flowering for months. Soil; loam, leaf- mould, and peat, in equal proportions, with a little silver- Sind. See article in Ctzydeners^ Chronicle, page 752, Dec. 11, 1878. CAUTION.— Having purchased the stock of seed from Mr. J. George, every genuine packet of Abutilons should bear my name and address. SOLANUM HYBRIDUM EMFBESS (New). Few Ornamental Plants are more useful in autumn than the various compact growing, berry-bearing Solanums. This variety — "Empress" — is the finest of recent introductions. The habit of the plant is very compact, and bears in profusion its large bright coral-red berries, which are more or less clustered : it is invaluable as a Decorative Plant. Per packet Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. Customers and intending purchasers of large or small quantities will be placed on most advantageous terms, and the quality of the seed may be depended upon as being very superior. My seeds having given such general satisfaction in my immediate neighbourhood and surrounding counties, I most respectfully solicit a trial from those who have not yet favoured me with their conunands. ,^ CAUTION 1 ^ '^l-^ani iiii„„i,.iin.iii.ii,i mi.iu.i i„i...jii..-i.*-* /the 0 N LY ENGL I SH J EE D HOUSE yAWARDip-Fm GOLD 'medals / '_^IJU,.HU ,U Hl,i.,l,|f,l.il«.— ' ' PARIS I 873 ^t^NS ,s;j. ^^THE-ADVANTAGES0F\ GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS. Thomas Methven & Sons BEG TO INTIMATE TH.^T THEIR DESCRIPTIVE PRICED CATALOGUE of KITCHEN GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS, GLADIOLI, IMPLEMENTS, &c., for 1879, IS NOW READY, AND MAY BE IIAD, POST-FREE, ON APPLICATION. EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK (true), White, Purple, and Scarlet. In packets, i^. , 2s. 6d., and 5s. each colour. SNOW-WHITE WALL-LEAVED EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK. In packets, is., 2s. 6d., and $s. each. NEW CRIMSON EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK (Cowe's). In packets, 2S, 6d. and 5^. Seed Warehouses : 15, PRINCES STREET, and NURSERY GATE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH. NOW READY, GRATIS AND POST-FREE, Dick Radclyffe & Co.'s PhIZeMeD; Seeds. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF VEGETABLE, FLOWER, AND AGRICULTURAL SEEDS, CONTAINING ALL THE NOVELTIES OF THE SEASON. D. R. & CO.'S COLLECTIONS OF VEGETABLE SEEDS. Judiciously selected, and only approved kinds included. For detailed list of contents see Catalos'ue. , •^ s. d. No. I contains a Season's svippply in sufficient quantities for a very large Garden 63 o No. 2 „ „ „ „ large Garden 42 o No. 3 „ „ „ „ medium-sized Garden ... 21 o No. 4 „ „ „ „ small Garden 10 ^ Discount, pacMng, and carriage free, as per terms of Catalogue. FLOWER SEEDS, in Collections, 42^-., 21^., \os. 6d., and y. each, post-free. DICK RADCLYFFE & CO., 1S8 and 129, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C. January iS, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 73 FLOWER SEED NOVELTIES FOE 1879. NEW GIANT CYCLAMEN, Cyclamen persicum giganteum rubrum. For bcituH/ul Coloured Plate sec Seed Catalogue. This magnificent New Cyclamen is undoubtedly one of the most charming novelties ever mtroduced. The flowers are equal in size and substance to my well-known strain of gigan- teum, and are well thrown up above the foliage. The colour is delicate rose, changing to a bright crimson at the base, being a tint unrivalled, and never before acquired in this giant strain. It has been awarded two First-class Certificates. Fcr packet, 5 J. and y. 6 J. CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTETTM. This variety has very broad beautifully mottled coriaceous leaves, and stout flower-stalks, throwing the flowers well above the foliage ; each flower measuring from 2 to zH inches in length, with broad petals of great substance, pure while, with a line bold violet-purple eye. Per packet, ^s. and ^s. 6d. NEW SCARLET PRIQIULA, Primula sinensis fimbriata coccinea. Per packet, y. a:id y. 6d. Per packet— .f. d. BEGONIA, New Bedding, finest mi.xed 2 6 SOLANUM HYBRIDUM EMPRESS (New) 26 VIOLA CORNUTA LOVELINESS (New) 26 B. S. \V. begs to announce that the above Illustrated Seed Catalogue is now ready, containing upwards of 70 pages of all the New and Choice FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS, Beautiful Coloured Plate of the New CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTEUM RUBRUM, And numerous other Engravings, Also full Directions for Sowing, S^r. •** All Seeds amounting to 20^. Carriage Free to any Rail- way Station in England, and all of 405. to any Railway Station in Scotland or Wales, or any Steam Port in Ireland. Fto-aicr Seeds Free by Pest, except heavy kinds. k ! N » R S E R I ESIgV^^ ^ //OLL^WAY, LONOBB^ ' m ^VEBB'S PRODUCE A CONSTANT tS--'. SUP PLY OF^'^S) m THE BEST^ WElABtES ^ ALLTHEYEAR ROUND^ ^' 5 PER CENT DISCOUMT FOR CASH ./ SEEDS OF 20; value: carriagi^ free '\ (ttUSTRATtD CATALOGUES POST FREE" WEBB'S CHOICE NOVELTIES. WEBB'S WOODFIEIiD MELON, pci packet 2S. 6(:', — t!ie best sreen-fleshed. WEBB'S PERPETUAL BEARER, CUCUM- BER, per packet 25. 61:/.— very free bearer, fruit large and of delicate flavour. WEBB'S PERFECTIONiPEA, per quart is. 6d. — very early and prolific. WEBB'S TRIUMPH PEA (New), per quart i,s 6d.—a wrinkled marrow of fine flavour and very pro- lific, the best for main crop. WEBB'S CHAMPION BROCCOLI, per packet IS.— 3. niagnilicent variety, should be in every garden. WEBB'S EARLY MAMMOTH CAULI- FLOWER, per packet u.— head large, firm, beautifully while, the best for main crop. SCHOOLMASTER POTATO (true stock), per peck 6s., per bushel 215. — a splendid, new round variety ; the best Potato grown. WEBB'S SUPERB CINERARIA , per packet IS. 6d. and 25. 6^.— the finest strain in cultivation, not to be surpassed. WEBB'S CHOICE PRIMULA, per packet ij. 6if. and 2s. 6(a^.— saved from the finest fringed flDwers. WEBB'S SUPERB CALCEOLARIA, per packet IS. td. and 2S. e.f. — saved from a splendid collec- tion of bhow flowers, beautifully spotted, WEBB'S BRILLIANT PETUNIA, per packet i.v. 6d. aitd -js. 6if,— large flowering variety of the most brilliant of flowers. Foi'full Parficulan and other I'lricf/'cs sec WEBB'S SPRING CATALOGUE For 1879. Post-free Is. Gratis to Customers. Iliuslrated u„,,^.„ T.,n .,. / Sale of a Collection of Lepidoptera, S:c., at I'RIDAY, Jan. 84 J Stevens' Rooms. AFTER several winters in succession wherein there has been such an absence of low temperature as to delude the unwary, a jjood many cases have come under our notice exemplifying the grave error committed by those who have to do with the erection of glass structures for the \'arious purposes connected with gardening, who do not in the first instance make sure of a sufficiency of Heating Power, so as to keep up the requisite temperature for the particular purpose the houses are intended to fulfil. It is also necessary to pay due regard to the arrangement of the apparatus, so that it may be under the requisite control. When a severe frost like that which we have recently experienced happens, it shows where the weak places exist. Several instances have come under our observation where death or serious injury has resulted to numbers of valuable plants through a total inability to keep up any- thing like the requisite amount of heat on account of the deficiency of piping, or an absence of the full complement of vahes to regulate the heat, in accordance with the requirements of the inmates of the different houses. This, as a matter of course, has'happened where there have been altogether new structures that have not before been put to the test of a hard winter, or where additions have been made to the number of houses without a corresponding increase of the heating power. Defects in these matters are nothing unusual, norare they likely to be until young gardeners — not only those who are aspiring to make them- selves competent for the management of large establishments, but also those who are content with smaller ones — see the necessity for ac- quiring a sufficient knowledge of all connected with the present system of heating by hot water, so that they may be able to speak with confidence as to what will answer and what will not when work of this description has to be done in the places they may for the time happen to fill. It is through an absence of this very knowledge that many \e.xatious annoy- ances in the heating of garden erections occur. It should never be necessary to leave matters like this to the individuals who undertake such work, their interest in the matter is neces- sarily of a passing nature, whereas with the gardener in charge, it is often a source of con- tinuous trouble. There is not in the whole range of operations connected with gardening any more short-sighted economy than a deficiency of heating power. Where the fire has to be continually driven during hard weather the fuel account runs up rapidly. This subject has another aspect which young gardeners will find it to their interest to note. The man whose head is well stored with knowledge bearing upon this and kindred matters connected with his calling, will find it makes a considerable difference in the, to him, very important matter of wages. The individual who is master of all the details of the appliances he has to deal with, is not only worth considerably more from a pecuniary point of view, but will always find that he can command much more respect. A word in season may also be said with reference to putting all one's eggs into one basket, in other words, to the dependence upon one boiler. Whate\'cr may be urged in favour of the one-boiler system for heating houses devoted to plant and fruit growing, on the score of economy in the labour of stoking, there are drawbacks that \ery much outweigh the gain. The most serious objection is the risk incurred of a breakdown during severe weather. This w.is foreseen and pointed out by many when the arrangement was first brought prominently forward. Horticultural pursuits, from their very nature, usually engender habits of caution in those engaged in them. Yet, with this, as almost every other novelty connected with gardening that is brought forward, there were some quite ready to incur the certain risk for that which, looked at from several points of \iew, was a very doubtful gain. Like every- thing else that will bear comparison with the arrangement in question, the chances are ten to one that whenever a breakdown does occur it will be when there is the greatest strain upon the apparatus, and the effects most disastrous in their consequences. Several winters have now elapsed since we have had anything calculated to try the strength and efficiency of boilers and all connected with them so thoroughly as the present. Several cases within the last few weeks have come to our knowledge, where the single boiler upon which dependence was solely placed has given way, causing wholesale destruction of large quantities of valuable plants, despite all that it was possible to do by coverings and improvised contrivances of various kinds. We are always sorry to hear of mishaps, but if people will run such risks they have only themselves to blame for the consequences. It is in human nature to profit little by experience which costs nothing, but we imagine that those who get their eyes so ruth- lessly opened to this fatal mistake of depending wholly on a single boiler, unless where there are only very few houses in all, will not again be caught in the same trap. A separate fire to every house, or nearly so, as was required under the old method of flue-heating, constituted one extreme, the single fire to heat the whole, and these often a considerable number, is the other ; and, like extremes generally, both are bad. But if the liability to break down in winter is the most objectionable feature attached to the one-boiler arrangement of heating garden structures, it is not the only one. Another that we may mention is, that where, as is usual in private establish- ments, there are one or two houses that require keeping up to a stove temperature, this necessi- tates in mild weatheramuch greater consumption of fuel to maintain the requisite heat in the water for the few houses that have to be so kept than would be needed if a small separate boiler were in use for them. The Winter. — The frost has already been severe enough to place the winter of 1S78-79 on the record of notable cold seasons, and its impress has been left upon vegetation in a most forcible manner. The sudden and general thaw that followed upon Christmas nattu'ally led some weatherwise to believe that the cold forces of the winter had been expended ; but a few days, however, soon e.vploded this belief, and we have now again to record another spell of intense frost and yet another equally sudden thaw, produced by one of those remarkable changes of tem- perature incidental to a strong westerly current of warm air. The eflects of the first spell of frost were seen on trees and shrubs, and great mischief was pro- duced thereby. The second spell of frost has left its impress more forcibly upon vegetables and garden plants, the intensely bitter cold easterly wind by which it was accompanied having seared and scorched up foliage as with fire. When the record of the effects of this later visitation of frost is told it will probably be found that myriads of plants suffered that have during past winters been quite unmolested. Added to the intense keenness of both wind and frost was the excessive wetness of the ground, in many places flooded with water, whilst the subterranean water-line was several feet nearer to the surface than was the case with the pre-Christmas frost. During all the wet seasons of past years, when ditches have been full, lowlands flooded, stokeholes half filled, and the land entirely saturated, we have had no sharp frost — the western breezes have been in the ascendant ; now immense expanses of water, covering fields, parks, and gardens, have been converted into sheets of ice, the wet soil has been frozen to an unusual depth, the plants in it subjected to the most destructive and unusual pressure, whilst in the face of wet boiler-pits fires have had to be forced to the utmost. We may well look forward to reports of damage done with .special interest and grave anxiety. The Frost and Potato Disease.— With the soil frozen through at two separate periods for a deptli of from 9 to 10 inches, and this also for a couple of weeks at a time, all Potatos left in the ground after digging can hardly fail to have received their coup dd grace. There will be no self-planted tubers next summer, and so far fields and gardens will be well rid of numerous undesirable denizens. This will, however, be but a minor benefit to that which will follow if, by the destruction of these Potatos in the soil, a decided check should be given to the opera- tions of the disease. If these are not absolutely reservoirs of fungus growth, at least their earlier matured growth and leafage would appear to promote the earlier spread of the disease amongst the spring planted crops near them, and thus assist to check growth earlier than perchance would otherwise be the case. What, however, will be watched with chief interest will be the effects of the frost upon the fungus itself in its resting-place in the soil, and if after-expe- rience should show that exceeding cold allied to intense frost has tended to its destruction, the advan- tage to Potato growers will have been immense. The fungus displayed itself particularly early last summer all through the southern districts, and there is good reason to believe that this early development was accelerated by the preceding mild soft winter, a description of weather that it is possible not only tendetl to its early development, but further to its increase. If severe frost should prove detrimental to the life of the resting-spore we shall have good reason to bless the severity of the season through which we are passing. If the Peronospora is a native of warmer climes it will hardly flourish in an arctic temperature. A few months will show how far these surmises may be correct, not only as relates to the Potato, but also as regards Wheat and other plants productive of food for the people. Orchids in Flower at the Victoria AND Paradise Nurseries, Upper Hollow.w.— The following Orchids are in flower at the present time in Mr. B. S. Williams' nursery. The Angra.- cum sejquipedale is very fine, and well worthy of a visit : — ■ Ada aurantiaca An^ra;cuin sesquipedate Cal-inthe Veiichii ,, vestita lulea octilala ,, ,, rubra oculata ,, „ nivalis ,, ,, Turnerii Coelogyne cristata Calanthe Masuca Cynibidium aft'ine (new, first time ofllowering), very beau- tiful and distinct Cypnpediuni insigne ,, ,, Maulei ,, niveuiu ,, Sedeni ,, biflorum ,, Harrisianuiil ,, villosum ,, Warneri Dendrobium monilirunne „ superbiens ,, teretifoliuiii Liinatodes rosea Lycaste gigantca ,, Skinneri Masdevallia polysticta ,, tovarense ,, Veitchii Maxillaria picta ,, venusta Neoltia maculata Odontoglossuni Alexacdrae ,, Ehrenbergii ,, nevadense ,, Pescatorei „ Rossii .. M grandiflora Oncidium flexuosuni ,, cucullatum ,, Rogersii Phalaenopsis amabilis Restrepia antennifera Sophronilis coccinea ,, grandidora Vanda tricolor „ „ iiisignis The Cornflower (Centaurea Cyanus). — Our German contemporary, Der Deutsche Garten for January 4, contains the history of the incident with which the partiality of the Prussian royal family for this beautiful flower is connected. It is well known, in Germany, at least, that the blue Cornflower is the Emperor Willi.\m's favourite flower and colour, and it is the practice to decorate his room with it on his birthd.ay, the 22d of March. If its cultivation has failed, Italy, or France, or some other country, must furnish the favourite Cornflower, which in a sense has become the rival of the Napoleonic \'iolet ; and these two flowers are unfortunately not exactly friendly rivals, like the light blue of Cambridge and the dark blue of Oxford. The blue Cornflower had always lANUARY iS, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 81 been a nivourite with the late Queen Louisa of Prussia, the mother of the present Emperor of ('■ermany, and it was iluring the sad period that immediately followed the disastrous defeat by the Frencli in 1S06 that the incident occurred to which we have referred. Living in comparative retirement at Ivonigsberg, the Queen was one day in the garden with her children, the present Emperor and the Princess Charlotte, afterwards Empress of Russia, when she was accosted by a poor child who begged her to purchase a large wreath of fresh Cornflowers. Animated by sympathy for the poor child, whose sick favourite flower ; in short, it was employed in every conceivable way to testify the loyalty of a people. Presentation' to a Forester. — Mr. Joiix B. Smyth, lately forester on the Duff House district of the Fife estates, was presented at Banff, on the 4th inst., on the occasion of his leaving the locality, with a valuable testimonial, consisting of a massive gold lever watch, with suit.ible inscription, and a well filled purse of sovereigns. Mr. Smyth had only been in the North for about four years, but had made many friends, He is the holder of several medals VIATI, and containing (among other things, we pre- sume) tubers of the gigantic Aroid discovered by that traveller. It will be remembered that the importa- tion of living plants into Italy has been forbidden by Act of ParliaiTient, with the object of preventing the introduction of the Phylloxera ; so, on the arrival of Beccari's bo.\es on board of a French steamer, the officials, acting according to the letter of the law, refused permission to land them. Eventually, we believe, the objection was withdrawn ; but, as Fan- fidla remarks, if they had been bundles of Grape Vine canes declared as fagots, the sapient officials JOHX SADIdiR, CL'K.VrOK, ROVAI, T.urAXIC GAROliN, I.DINRU RGH. mother was unable to earn anything to provide them with food, and by love for the flowers, the Queen took the flowers in exchange for a handsome sum of money. She then called her children towards her, and, presenting the wreath to the Princess, addressed them in words of advice and hope. "This, in a few words, is the history of the favourite flower of the Prussian royal family. After the late dastardly attack on the Emperor's life, the Cornflower became the emblem of loyalty and devotion of the Prussian people. Ladies wore Cornflowers in their hats, gentlemen in their button-holes ; medals bearing the Emperor's effigy on one side and a wreath of Corn- flowers on the other, were worn in bracelets and necklets ; note-paper was decorated with the from the Arboricultural Society of Scotland for essays connected with the science of forestry ; and the gold medal of the Highland Society for a "Report on Investment of Capital in Planting, Grazing, or Crop- ping Land on Hill or Moorland." It was in appre- ciation of all these, and of his geniality of disposition, that Mr. Smyth's friends, to the number of about fifty, resolved to give some tangible proof of their respect for him. Importation of Living Plants into Italy. — According to FaiifuUa, it is reported in Dsr Deutsche Garten that the customs authorities at Genoa refused to permit the landing of six boxes sent l>y Ur. Beccari to the Marchese Corsi-Sal- would have passed them (as has already happened), thinking they were intended for the manufacture of walking-sticks, &c. Free Trade in Germany. — In reply to a question from the Minister for Agriculture, the mem- bers of the Council of the Horticultural Union of Berlin have drawn up an exhaustive series of reasons against any enactment which is likely to endanger free trade in nursery and garden produce. It appears that large quantities of cut flowers, particularly Tea Roses, are sent from Nice and the neighbourhood to Berlin and other German cities, and are sold at such a cheap rate as to defy competition on the part of the German florists; accordingly, as we have already 82 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January iS, i!?7n mentioned, some of this body have been agitating for the imposition of an import duty on plants and cut flowers ; and, in order to carry their point, they set forth the dangers of the Phylloxera being introduced, as it now has spread to the neighbourhood and almost into Nice itself. The reasons adduced by the Council why no such protection should be given — for such it would really amount to — should convince even the petitioners themselves that such a measure would pro- bably lead to restrictions on the part of other States which would seriously affect German horticultural interests. Amongst other things, it is mentioned that the Puccinia malvacearum is very much on the in- crease in Germany ; and if for that reason the States lying north and east of Germany should prohibit the importation of (Jerman horticultural produce, the injury to the industry would be f;ir heavier than that caused by the free importation from other countries. The Italians would gladly be freed from the decree of .M.ay 30, 1S75. The CiiAMi'ioN Potato : Presentation TO THE Raisek.— A large meeting of agriculturists was held at Arbroath on the nth inst., for the pur- pose of presenting Mr. John Nicoi.l,, Cemetery Lodge, Arbroath, with a testimonial in recognition of his service to agriculture as the raiser of the Champion Potato. It is stated that the seed of these Polatos was sown by Mr. NicoLL in the spring of 1863. It was gathered from three sorts planted in his garden at Letham, Forfarshire, the previous year, with a special view of hybridising, for the purpose of procuring new sorts. The produce of the seedlings, even the first year, was remarkably fine, and, starting with a col- lection of upwards of 100 sorts, Mr. Nicoi.l continued to grow and test them for the three succeeding years, throwing aside the inferior sorts and retaining the most promising. At .Martinmas, 1866, he removed to his present situation as superintendent of the Arbroath Cemetery, when he gave to Mr. James Rohertson, Newmill, Forfar, a selection of his best sorts, and he continued to grow and test them, the outcome being the Champion. The presentation, which w.as sub- scribed for by the farmers of the district principally, consisted of a gold watch, suitably inscribed, and a purse of sovereigns. The Paris Exhibition.— The French Government has conferred the Legion of Honour on Mr. Martin J. Sutton, managing partner of the firm of Sutton & Sons, Reading, as a special recog- nition of the merits of the exhibits of that firm at the Paris Exhibition. The Royal Agricultural Benevolent Institution.— Mr. J. J. Mechi informs us that his old acquaintance, the late Mr. ED\VARri Boards, of Edmonton, an extensive farmer and market gardener, has bequeathed to the Royal .Vgricultural Benevolent Institution the munificent sum of;^i2,ooo, payable after the demise of his widow. New Miniature Conikers. — Two new miniature Conifers were recently exhibited at a meet- ing of the Berlin Horticultural Society. One was raised, it was stated, from seed of Abies (Picea) laxa, Ehrhart (A. alba, Michaux). It was between four and five years old, about 20 inches high, and of a beautiful compact form, something like the Clan- brassilian variety of the common Spruce Fir. Dr. Boi.LE proposed the name of Picea alba, var. Wijr- litziana. The other was a diminutive form of Abies Mariana, Miller {.\. nigra, Desfontaine), ten years old, and only about a foot high. It was called I'icea Mariana, var. Jiihlkeana. The New Boilers at Kew.— We under- stand that the new boilers fitted up at Kew, in the large P.alm-stove, and of which we gave illustrations at p. 625, vol. viii., 1877, have proved quite efficient in the recent severe weather, but it is found that they require special care in the matter of stoking. Names. — When civilisation was less advanced than it now is one language served as a medium of communication between the educated of all nations, and French, German, Swedish, and other names were Latinised in a fashion that might not find favour with a grammar-school master, but which nevertheless had the great merit of intelligibility. Now-a-days, when the schoolmaster is supposed to be abroad, we find our French friends making as sad a hash of English names as ever, and we fear we English do not treat our French confreres much better, still we do not think that a well known French firm would be so mangled here as Messrs. Mitchell, of Piltdown, are in the Journal lies Roses, where they appear as MM. Mitchell et Pll.DORON. Th.it the name M. Wyld-Savac.e should be taken an grand scriciix is less to be wondered at. Institution of Surveyors. — The next meeting will be held on Monday evening, January 20, when the discussion on Mr. Hedlev's two papers will be resumed. The chair to be taken at 8 o'clock. Pine-Api'I.e Lauv Beatrice Lambton. — The Florist ami J'oiiiologis/ for the present month opens with a fine life-sized representation of this Pine. " It is one of the noblest and handsomest varieties of the king of fruits," and the representation does il justice. It is said to be a seedling from the Mont- serrat raised at Lambton by .Mr. Stevens when at Lambton, and adopted liy Mr. Hunter. The quality is also of a high order. It is in the hands of Messrs. Ireland & Thomson, of Edinburgh. The Curatorship of the Royal (!ar- DENs, Edinburgh. — We learn that the Lords Com- missioners of Her Majesty's Treasury have, "after carefully considering the claims of the different can- didates " for the post in question, selected Mr. Sadlkk as the successor to Mr. MacNab. In another column we give a portrait of Mr. S.\dler, together with a brief account of his career. Market Gardening During Frost.— The market fruit growers have been making good use of the frosty weather, by getting their pruning done during the time the ground was hard and impene- trable. All standard and fruit trees, and Gooseberries and Currants have been gone over, perhaps, despite the cold, with greater comfort to the men than when the temperature was higher, but the ground damp and cold. It has been a good time for getting out manure and spreading it about where it has to be dug in, also for charring rubbish of all kinds, turning over manure heaps, &c. It is curious to notice how the spell of severe frost enhanced the v.ilue of the green crops, as during its continuance the hands employed in the gardens could be seen hunting for every bit of green that could be sent to market, and good prices were realised for goods that, had the weather remained mild and open, would in all probability have gone to the rubbish heap. Appropriation of Literary Property. — We have not the slightest objection to see our leading articles, notes on the new plants of the year, paragraphs relating to scientific matters, and ihe like appearing in the columns of some of our horticultural contemi>oraries, more or less modified in the transfer, but we do object to the omission of any statement as to the source whence the information given has been derived. Scottish Seed and Nursery Trade .\ssociATlo.N. — The.annual meetingof this .\ssociation was held on the 14th inst. in the Waterloo Hotel. Mr. Muir Crawford, Leith, occupied the chair. The Secretary, Mr. D.U'iD Hunter, submitted the report of the committee for the past year, which stated that the membership of the Association con- sisted of forty-three firms, and that the balance due to it, as shown by the accounts, was ^'56 I4.f. 31/. During the year only one case of a disputed sale of seed had been reported to the committee, and it was settled before it was necessary for them to advise in regard to it. No case of alleged adulteration of seed had been reported to the committee, nor had any case of alleged liability on the part of seedsmen as to the growth of seeds been brought under the notice of the committee, excepting one which would be referred to at the meeting. Agreeably to the instructions of last general meeting, ^20 had been subscribed to the .Association in London for the prosecution of offences under the Seeds .\dulteration Act. The Chairman moved the adoption of the report, which was seconded by Mr. Palmer, of .Annan, and agreed to. .\s recommended by the committee, the following were elected office-bearers of the .Association for the ensuing year : — Chairman, Mr. David Syme ; Vice-Chairman, Mr. John Downie ; committee, Messrs. Crawford, Inch, Mackin- tosh, Dodds (H.addington), Palmer (.Annan), Sadler (Glasgow), .Anderson (Perth), Welsh, Cross (Leith), Laird, and Johnston. Mr. Syme, in thanking the .Association for the honour which had been conferred on him, submitted that the Association deserved well of the farming interest in Scotland. The formation of the .Association was primarily due to the prevalence to a considerable extent of the adulteration of seeds of all kinds. He was one of those, however, who thouglit that the evil was con- siderably exaggerated at the time the .Association was started. He did not think the seed trade was worse, . or indeed nearly so l»ad as some other trades. The primary object of the .Association had been, so far as Scotland was concerned, to a very large extent g.ained, as the report of the committee testified. During the last three years there had hardly been any case of adulteration brought liefore the Association, which had proved a sort of moral police force, that guarded the country against being inundated with seeds of a questionable description. Mr. Renwick explained that the case of alleged liability on the part of seedsmen mentioned in the report arose in connection with a purchase of foreign Larch seed which he had made, and 5 per cent, of which had not grown. He resisted p.ayment till advised to do so no longer, and thought the Associa- tion ought to consider the action which might be fol- lowed in cases of this kind. Mr. Renwick added that usually his Larch was too thick in the bed. — Mr. Palmer remarked that it rarely happened foreign Larch seed w.as disappointing. — In answer to a ques- tion, Mr. Renwick stated that at the time of sowing he h.ad noticed the seed was a little brownish — an ex- planation which led several gentlemen to remark that the discoloration ought to have been sufficient to make him dubious as to the seed. The proceedings closed with a vote of thanks to the Chairman. In the evening the members of the Association dined together in the hotel — Mr. Syme officiating as chair- man, and Mr. DowNlE acting as croupier. Lady Hu.me's Blush Camellia. — At Mr. Eraser's nursery at Lea Bridge there is now in bloom on a wall in an old greenhouse a fine plant of this. About I003 flowers have been open at a time lately. It is a pity this fine old sort, with its curious star-like blooms, is not more often met with. • Calikor.nia Raisins. — The American Agri- culturist states that the crop of 1S78 is the largest ever produced in the State, the estimates of the California papers ranging from "JQ^QQO to 100,000 boxes. National Rose Society. — .A meeting of the general committee of this Society will be held at the Horticultural Club-room, 37, Arundel Street, Strand, on Wednesday, Jan. 22, at 3 o'clock, for the purpose of electing an executive committee, the revision of schedules for 1879, .and the consideration of the best means of increasing the number of members. Royal Horticultural Society. — The annual general meeting of the Society will be held on Tuesday, Febru,ary II. The retiring members of the Council are Mr. W. Haughton, Mr. C. J. Freake, and Mr. Philip W. S. Miles ; and the Fellows recom- mended by the Council to fill their places are Mr. A. Grote, F.L.S., Lieut.-Col. W. T. Makins, M.P., and Mr. R. .A. -Aspinall. The gentlemen recommended by the Council to be appointed to the offices of Presi- dent, Treasurer, Secretary, committee-men of the expenses committee, and auditors of the Society are — President, Rt. Hon. Lord .Aberdare ; treasurer, Mr. Henry Webb; secretary, Dr. Robert Hogg; expenses committee-men. Lord -Alf S. Churchill, Mr. Henry Webli, and Mr. William Haughton ; auditors, Mr. R. A. Aspinall, Mr. John Lee, and ilr. James F. West. Two of the gentlemen proposed as new mem- bers of Council are, we believe, unknown as horticul- turists, so that we may hope that some satisfactory reasons may be given for the selection. The report of the Society is anxiously looked for, as it is well known that the lease of the South Kensington Garden has lapsed. In view of the critical position of the Society the Council would do well to be a little less reticent as to the course they intend to pursue. Doubtless at the annual meeting they will be prc- p.ared with a statement, but .as at the annual meeting it is generally too late to make any useful suggestion, we hope that the Council will see the propriety of announcing beforehand the general outlines, at le.ast, of their policy. It behoves the horticulturists to be Jam-ary iS, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 83 on the watch ; and while prepared to render all sup- port where ncedeil, tu be careful that no encroach- ment on their rights, or neglect of their interests be permitted. The Indian- Fig — Opuntia vulgaris, although really a native of the New World, has long been thoroughly acclimatised in the Old, where it often covers large tracts of barren or half-barren land. From South Africa we learn that it is very extensively used on the ostrich f^rrms, and an eminent engineering firm in this country has been desired to construct a machine which will expeditiously cut up its fleshy spinous branches into pieces small enongh for ostriches to swallow. This species, the fruit of which is eaten under the name of Indian Fig, was cultivated by Cerard prior to 1596. In the list of Gekakd's plants, prokxbly the first confessedly com- plete catalogue of any one garden, either public or [irivate, ever published (reprinted by Mr. B. D. jAClcsONin 1S76), it is said :—" I have bestowed great painesand cost in keeping it from the iniurie of our cold climate. It groweth ... at Zante . . ., from whence W{i.e., Wii.i.iAM Marsiiai.i,, Gerard's ser- vant) brought me diuers plants therof in tubs of earth, very fresh and greenc, for my garden, where they flourish as the impression heereof." Indian Forest Appoint.ments. — The following is a list of the candidates recently selected by the Secretary of State for India to undergo a special course of training for appointments in the Indian Forest Department :— Mr. J- H. Lace, Mr. F. Barker, Mr. M. H. Clifford, Mr. J. Raw- bone, Mr. C. E. Brasier, and Mr. E. S. Carr. The Weather. — According to the report issued by the Meteorological Oflrce for the week end- ing January 13 the weather was changeable, but finer in the north and east than in the west and south. Temperature several degrees below the mean, especially over England, and again exhibit- ing very great extremes. Thermometer falling gradually during the early part of the week, and reaching its minimum value in most places on the nth or I2th, when 9° was registered at Shrewsbury, and about 10' to 19° in other districts of England. Maximum (day) temperatures recorded at this time exceedingly low in some parts of England, reaching only 23° at Shrewsbury, and 25° to 27° at many other stations. At the end of the week the thermometer rose rapidly, and on the 13th readings ranging from 4S' to 54° were experienced over Ireland and the greater part of England. Rainfall more than the mean in "Ireland, S.," and about the mean in " England, N.E.," but a few tenths less in .all other districts. At the northern and north-eastern stations the fall was composed largely of snow, sleet, or soft hail. The excessive amount in the district "Scot- land, W.," is due mainly to a very heavy fall, which occurred on the 12th at only one of the stations (Douglas, Isle of Man). Wmd E. to S.?:. until the 1 2th, when S. breezes set in, veering to S.W. or W. on the I3lh. S.E. gales very general during part of the v/eek, especially heavy in the E. of Ireland and S.W. of England. Wind lulled on the nth, but rose to fresh or strong gales from the S. in some places on 12th or morning of 13th. Mr. .Swan, writing from Fallowfield, neir M.anchester, on the 14th inst., says: — "We have iust passed through a very trying time as regards weather. It seems to me, from the accounts I have read, that in this part the cold has been as severe, or even more so, than in most places in England : 2° below zero was registered at several places on the night of the 23d and 24th of last month. Fortunately, we are now able to look back upon it ; for on Sun- day night a sudden change took place, bringing rain, and since then it has been much milder." Gardening Appointments. — Mr. J. W. Cliffe, late foreman to Mr. Taylor, of Longleat, and for some years foreman to Mr. Piiipps, at Ingestre, has been appointed gardener to the Earl of Belmore, Castle Coole, Co. Fermanagh, Ireland. — Mr. George Hall, late foreman in the gardens at Raby Castle, Darlington, has received the appointment of head gardener to Lord DE Tabley, of Tabley House, Knutsford, Cheshire. Flower Show Fixtures. — The second spring show of the Ealing, Acton, and Hanwell Horticultural Society is fixed to be held on Wednes- day, March 26, in the Drill Hall, Ealing Dean ; and the summer exhibition in the grounds of E. M. Nelson, Esq., on July 9. Ijoinc Corrcsponkiue. Frost and the Roads. — The remarks in last week's Ganliiicrs' Chroiiick respecting the sanding of these to render them safer, and assist the poor distressed horses with their loads, are well timed, but what is of equal or more nnportance and requiring attention is the condition of ihe highways in country districts, where the stones or metal used in repairs is put on in such a way and at such a time that one would think those who had the ordering of the work either do not understand it at all or did it to cause the largest possible amount of suffering to man and beast. If insteal of pulling the stones on in the spring of the year when the roads are dry and daily hardening, they were carted in frosty weather or during the summer and laid near where Ihey are likely to be wanted, and then put on after a thaw w hen the surface is rotten and broken up, how much better it would be for all concerned; instead of which loose boulders are rolling and kicking about till a waggon-wheel or other heavy vehicle passes over them and grinds them to dust. Now, if these could only be pressed in, as would be the case when the roads are in a soft wet condition, they would become firmly embedtled, and then no weight, however great, would crush them. Among theheaps of stones storedfine chalkshouldbe scattered, which when put on with them is a great help in keep- ing them in their places and binding them there ever afrer. With a gravelly bed they are always liable to shift or be kicked out, but with chalk the more traffic there is, and the more pounding it gets, the harder it becomes. As to stones, there is much difference in their hardness and durability under wear, as those raised from pits in some localities where the soil is sandy and loose soon go to powder, whereas those picked from the surface of the ground in fields will generally stand any amount of wear. Where they can be obtained there is nothing like the sharp angular pieces that are broken off in quarries when dressing blocks for building [purposes, as they get a firm grip and are not easily displaced. J. S. Weather Marks on Vegetation. — In the few remarks forwarded last week it is possible that rather too favourable a view was taken of the little injury inflicted by the frost. They seemed quite true at the time ; but it almost seems as if the second edition since the half-hearted thaw had done the most mischief. Some of the Tea Roses, for example, such as Saffrano and Homer, that had suffered little up to then, look almost dead now. And, to go with one bound to the opposite extreme, old Cabbage-stumps that seemed green as Leeks ten days ago are now yellow and mostly dead, giving out the most offensive odour — a serious loss, for nothing is so productive of greens in the early springtide. Broccoli, too, seem much harder hit during the latter week of the frost than before. The shrubs and trees, on the whole, have stood firm against it all here ; even the Laurus- tinus, a real lest plant, is not yet killed. I notice a curious effect of the more recent frost on Pinus Sabini- ana and P. excelsa : the leaves have a burnt, dis- tressed, semi-parched look, as if fire had passed over them ; while Pinus macrocarpa and P. insignis — both decidedly more tender than either of the others — show no such signs of injury, though standing within a few yards. These caprices of the frost, if they may be termed such, are very striking. None of our Hollies or evergreen Oaks are touched, while all the Laurels are as green as ever up to the very tops ; a very different state indeed to that presented by them in i860. The fruit trees also seem uninjured, though everything seems to have suffered more within the last ten days. The thaw has once more been a dull one ; to-day and yesterday it has been r.apid, with a dense fog, and the snow is disappearing, and green grass again showing through, to the great delight of the birds and all animals, large and small. It is to be hoped we have seen the last of the frost for a time. It has added much to the work and anxieties of cultivators, has crippled and destroyed many choice plants in many places, and greatly aggravated the almost universal distress among the working and other classes. Coals are also rapidly rising in price, just as the ability to purchase them has been so seriously curtailed among those that need them most in cold weather. A spell of warm weather will therefore prove specially welcome now, not only to horticul- turists, but to the nation at large. D. T. Fisli. The Weather and its Effects.— As bearing out what I wrote you a fortnight back, that although the frost had then been severe and continuous, vegetation had escaped serious injury through the stillness of the air at the time, and the thaw which followed being attended with rain and an absence of sun, I regret now to have to record, that since winter has again set in the cold east winds have done more harm than all the severe weather we had before, and I much fear this will be the general outcome of it. Plants, like our- selves, shiver before these searching blasts and give way before them, as they search every pore and empty the sap vessels of iheir life-giving fluid, even though they may, as you assert, ha\c a supply stored up for the winter. That the vessels are full, I re.adily admit, but my theory is that there is a daily loss, more or less, that has to be made good by the roots, but ice-bound as these now are they cannot meet the call made on them ; hence the destruction cold causes. It is the same in feeble old age ; when the circulation and vitality is at a low ebb, cold kills its thousands, as the records given, and what we see around us show but too conclusively. If the roots pump up only water [and a little mineral malter], how comes it that Vines sufler so much from bleeding, as there is plenty of moisture always left in the borders that they can take up to replenish the loss ? [The crude sap contains sugar and other substances dissolved out in its course through the stem, which are lost by b'eeding, .and the plant is correspondingly impoverished.] That leaves help to elaborate water into sap I am well aware, but does not this process go on to a certain degree without them ? After your editorial note it requires some amount of boldness to approach this siibject again, but I am anxious to learn more. The little I know, or think I know, has been acquired by observation, but it is very likely I am wrong in my deductions, and if so I shall be glad to be set right. The subject of the flow of the sap and the life of plants is a very interesting and instructive one to gardeners, as bearing directly on their calling, and anything you may have to say will therefore have special value, and carry with it the great weight of your authority. J. S/u/Jian/. The Frost at Belvoir Castle.— A frost of unusual severity ami duration has just terminated. Com- mencing with December it lasted twenty-seven days in that month and twelve days in January, making a period altogether of thirty-nine days of frost. The only interruption to its continuity occurred between Dec. 29 and Jan. I, when a warm and rather strong westerly gale "caused a rapitl thaw ; on its subsidence the frost recommenced with great severity, lasting until the 13th. I may mention that the thermometer stand from which the following readings of the minimum thermometer were taken has a full exposure, and the instruments are about 3 feet 6 inches from the ground. The greatest cold was on the morning of December 25, when 8", or 24° of frost was registered. The minimum on grass registered 5°, or 27', the same morning^ The next lowest readings were 13" on the 20lh, 16 on the I7lh, and in [anuary 15° was recorded on the 16th, 16° on the I'lth. The aggregate of readings below 32° of Fahrenheit during the whole period amounted to 373°. Snow fell on Dec. 11 and 19, and in January on the 3d and loth, but only to the extent of 2.i inches. As far as I have been able to carry on examinations amongst shrubs since the frost I am inclined to think that the injury sustained by many of doubtful hardihood has not been so great as might have been expected. Camellias fully exposed and quite unprotected are uninjured, and a small- leaved Myrtle has only partially suffered. Azara microphylla has not sustained the least injury ; the Japanese Euonymus has not suffered ; Skimmia fragrans and laureola, Chamterops Fortunei, Bambusa Metake, Raphiolepis ovata, and the climbing plants Stauntonia lalifolia and Akebia quinata are all appa- rently uninjured. Eucalyptus globulus is killed to the ground ; Phormium tenax is injured, and I fear the Eryngiums are killed. /Tw. IiigraiH. Best Season for Planting and the Effects of the late Frost. — We have had convincing proof during the late severe frost of the soundness of the advice given by "J. S." (p. 21) to defer the planting of evergreen shrubs until late spring. Several dozen specimen Conifers, r.inging from 12 to 24 feet high, were planted here in the latter end of October, under conditions that gave hope of success, but they now show unmistakable signs of distress from exposure to the late merciless weather, and we fear a few of them will hardly survive the withering effects of the east and north-east winds to which they have been exposed. Many of our established Conifers are shedding large quantities of foliage from the same cause— even the large Cedars of Lebanon here are much affected in this way by the frost ; but the worst cases of foliage dropping are from trees that have only been three or lour years planted. On a piece of new low-lying pleasure-ground the following shrubs and Conifers have suffered severely :— Laurustinus (in many cases killed), Escallonias (killed), Aucubas, variegated Periwinkles, variegated Hollies (especially Golden Queen and marginata), Veronica Andersoni (fine bushes of this shrub t.hat had stood out here without any protection during the past three winters are now dead), Cotoneaster microphylla, St. John's Wort, Pampas-grass, Tea Roses, Picea Pinsapo, and Cupressus macrocarpa. Spring bedding plants also have not escaped destruction by the frost. Myosotis, Silenes, Saponarias, Nemophilas, and Daisies are in many cases a mass of rottenness. Spring bedding will be gappy, unless a reserve of protected plants is at hand to make good defects, Amidst the general 84 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January i8, iSyg. havdc it is encouraging to note that Lapageria alba has stood without any protection, and is but slightly damaged. J. Robcrls, Cunncrshiry Park Gardens, Acton. Chimonanthus fragrans. — It is a singular fact that altliough nearly every flower and shrub in the garden has suffered more or less from the late frost, the Chimcinaiithus, a very fine tree of which grows against the front wall ol the house, has escaped. It is full of Ijuds, and a great many of the flowers that came out before the severe weather began are still on, uninjured. As I have always heard that this Japan shrub was a delicate plant, I think the above note may interest your readers. Mrs. Alfred IFa/tny, Liss, Hauls. Destructive Birds and Fruit Buds. — If your correspondent (see p. 55) \^■ill mix some good still clay to the consistency of paint, and run it through a half- inch sieve, then mix it with his other ingredients, and so apply it, he will find the dressing adhere to the tree for months. I similarly dress our standard Roses in the autumn, and it prevents attacks of the rabbits and hares the whole winter. Dressing fruit trees is right enough for several reasons. It may partly pro- tect the buds from the birds, but the question arises where are they? During previous mild winters the tomtits camehere in droves, and commenced their depre- dations by first attacking the Cherries. Gooseberries, Pears, and Plums followed in succession. In some in- stances they destroyed whole quarters, and the ground beneath the Cherry trees was literally strewn with the refuse of the buds. These little mischievous imps are assisted in this work of destruction by our im- ])lacable foe — the gay-looking bullfinch. Now during the recent severe weather I have frequently examined the snow-covered ground for traces of fallen buds, but without success, and as to the Gooseberries, I am happy to say they are undisturbed. The tits, more- over, are nowhere to be seen. Has the continual terribly severe frost benumbed and destroyed them, or have they retired to dense woods, or migrated to more congenial quarters for " the season " ? Perhaps some friend of the feathered tribe will tell us. J. J. 11. [We have some in our garden, and do not grudge them a few buds. Ed.] Which is the Best Celery ? — .\s this is a vegetable of great importance in most gardens, I think it would not be out of place at the present time to have the opinions of some of your correspondents as to the best varieties to grow. The amount of expense in labour, manure, and rent of ground, which its cultivation entails, makes it imperative that only the very best sorts should be grown. My own ex- ])ericnce leads me to select three v.arieties as superior to any others. For early work I find Williams' Matchless White to be very quick in growth, of a good size, and of excellent flavour, and not so lialile as most large growing white Celeries to grow ]jithy or hollow. Where white Celery must be had in winter, I find Veilch's Incomparable to stand better than any other that I have grown. It is small but very compact, crisp and of very fine flavour. I now come to the last, and for main crop the best — Williams' Matchless Red ; this is at once the hardiest, most compact, and best flavoured Celery I am acquainted with. It t.akes a long time to blanch, Inil will cat as crisp and juicy in April as at Christmas. Jo/iii H'itti-s, Park House Gardens, Cheadle. Croton glandulosus. — Towards the end of Sep- tember last I made an expedition across the spurs of the Organ Mountains, some 20 or 25 miles north of the extremity of the magnificent harbour of Rio. \\q. left Petropolis by the coach for Juiz da Fora at 5 A.M., and, descending at the end of the first stage, had to wait an hour for our horses and mules. Whilst loiter- ing about I gathered a sprig of a plant unknown to me, but which you are good enough to tell me is Croton glandulosus. A few feet above me, on a bank on the ro.adside, was another flower which I wanted to get, and, needing both hands, I put the broken end of the sprig into my mouth, hauled myself up to where the other flower was growing, got it, and jumped ilown again. I was conscious of a very nasty taste from the sprig in my mouth, but the sprig was not there half a minute, and I spat out the saliva and thought no more about it, and soon afterwards mounted my mule and set out on the ten or eleven hours' ride to Thcrcsopolis. I had not ridden far, however, before I began to feel sick, and my head began to ache. I held on, however, getting con- tinually worse, until after the lapse of about an hour .and a-half from the time of my putting the sprig into my mouth, I had a most violent attack of sickness. There could be no mistake as to its cause, for the nasty taste I had observed before was very obvious. There were small streams on our way, and I drank freely of water, hoping to dilute the poison. It was to little purpose ; even the water would not remain upon the stomach, and came up flavoured with the same taste. Shortly afterwards I was seized with a violent and prolonged attack of purging. This was followed by several more vomiting fits, and I was brought so low by exhaustion that it was with the greatest difficulty that I kept my seat on the mule. The day was very hot, but we reached, after five or six hours' riding, a spot where there was both shade and water, .and here I lay down only half conscious for a couple of hours. I had by this time apparently got rid of the poison, for I began to get better, ami was able to ride on. Except that I was much exhausted by the time we reached Theresopolis, liaving been unable to touch food all the day, I was none the worse for what I had undergone, but it surely must have been a poison of extraordinary viru- lence that could produce such severe effects by the administration of a quantity so infinitesimal as that which I had swallowed. I shall never put an un- known plant into my mouth again, in foreign countries at all events. A. IT. [The plant is allied to that which yields croton oil, and many of its relatives have a bad reputation. Eds.] Cattleya Trianse. — There is at present in bloom at the gardens. Burton Hall, Bedale, Yorkshire, a plant of Cattleja Triana; which would well repay Orchid lovers the trouble of going a long distance to see. It is the most superbly bloomed plant it h.as ever been my good fortune to see. It is growing on a platform about 2 feet square, formed of Elder branches with the bark left on, in a compost of sphag- num, peat, and crocks. The pKant is fully 5 leet through every way, and the blooms average indi- vidually 6 inches across. There are fifty-two blooms on the plant, which are disposed regularly over its surface, without a speck or mark upon them, as pure and fresh in colour as they were the first day they expanded, a fortnight ago. The eft'ect of this noble plant when seen at a distance is magnificent, com- pletely eclipsing all other subjects in the house it is in. It reflects great credit on the gardener, Mr. Clark, who takes great pride in his Orchids, which may be readily seen from the vigorous health they are all in. Mr. Clark says he has dozens of plants of Cattleya Triana;, but that there is no comparison between them and the plant under notice, which is of a much superior strain. P. JMay, Tlie Nurseries, Leyhurn, Bedale, Yorkshire. " Improved " Potatos. — When this appellation is applied to any kinds of Potatos, I am disposed to regard it as an indication that they will soon be im- proved off the face of the earth. Depend upon it, as soon as growers find that it is necessary to bolster up the reputation of kinds by the use of super- latives, they will regard them as valueless. It is indeed a matter for grave regret that our seed firms .should descend to tricks and travesties that appear to have been borrowed from the draper's shop-window. They are not actu.ally falsehoods, but are akin, as they are misleading. The poor Potato has specially been made the subject of trade tricks of this sort, and more to this than to any other cause do we owe the lack of confidence in good new kinds that now exists. There is no greater fallacy in garden ethics than the talk about selection in Potatos. No sort worthy the place in a list has ever been obtained by selection. To say that sorts are improved or new because selected is an outrage upon common sense. A stock may be kept pure, but so-called selections are either rogues that deceive the selecter, or are nothing but the old sort, and that alone. New, distinct, and im- proved kinds of Potatos can be got from seed only, and then only after much careful or accidental hybridisation. A. D. " W. D." hit the right nail on the head in his letter concerning the so-called " Improved Schoolmaster Potato," and I for one shall look forward with interest to Messrs. E. Weblj & Son's account of the improvement. It has become loo much the fashion of late years to advertise improved varieties of new flowers and vegetables in a short time after they are sent out. From experience, I know that improvements are not made and confirmed with such marvellous celerity ; and I was as much puzzled as " W. D.," till by mistake I put on my grandfather's horn spectacles, and then the words " improved variety " were suddenly transformed into "selected sample." Edwin Sennet I, Raiser of SeJiool- niaster Potato, Tlic Scliool-house, Enville, Stourbridge. Turner's Union Potato. — If I were asked what variety I could recommend as an early round Potato I should give the preference to Turner's Union ; it is almost as early as the .\shleaf, a sjjiendid cro]3per, handsome in shape and of good quality, and being of extraordinarily dwarf growth is invahi.able for frame culture. I have also grown a variety called Ronald's Frame, but have always failed to distinguish any difl'erence in the two. Can any of your readers tell me if they are synonymous ? Perhaps i\Ir. Turner will give us the origin of Turner's Union, and if he still supplies it, as it is seldom seen in any trade lists. Ronald's Frame I have not seen in any trade list for some time past. I think it a pity such a Potato should be compelled to give way to newer varieties of less merit. E. Morgan, Ilarro-ti'-on-lhe-Hill. Paper Protectors. — We are having here severe weather, strong N.E. winds, snow and frost — a bitter combination. I find newspapers laid on the early Potatos in the houses and pits an admirable defence, and so far all is well. These papers are always at hand ; cheap .and easily applied. Near tlie front ventilators we prefer double layers, and they should not be removed too readily under the influence of a few hours' sunshine, as many are apt to be. No injur)' from their weight is sustained Ijy delicate objects, and it is .also evident that they can efficiently protect plants of many descriptions, as well as seed Potatos and fruit in store-rooms. During the two last very mild winters we had no need to use them, but the present is an exceptional season, and we were glad to have recourse to what had been formerly so successful. T. C. Briliaul, Rielunond House, Guernsey. Morello Cherries and 'Wired 'Walls. — Will any one say what they can concerning Morello Cherries trained on wire on walls facing north and east ? I am contemplating wiring these, in order to save labour in nailing. Perhaps Mr. Sheppard may have a little to s.ay in the matter. Chevalier. Mealy Bug on 'Vines. — In reply to the inquiry of "Vitis" at p. 54, allow me to say, that having tried several remedies, and failed to eradicate the pest from badly infested vineries, I then tried the following plan, which proved effectual. First, I pruned the Vines, and took off all the loose bark, then thoroughly washed the woodwork and glass, and removed about 4 inches of the surface soil, which was replaced with fresh compost. I next gave the walls a good coating of quicklime, and the wood and iron work two coats of paint. This done, I pre- pared the following mixture : — To i gallon of boiling water I added i pint of gas-tar, and thoroughly mixed them, addingpowderedclayto thicken it to a paste, and this I applied with a pamt brush while warm all over the Vines. It is three years since I tried this plan, and I am happy to say that I have not seen the least trace of mealy-bug or red-spider since. I also at the same time applied the mixture to some Ixoras, Iran- cisceas. Gardenias, Wistarias, &c., after having pruned them, and with the same good result, not having fouml a single mealy-bug on them since. F. B., ferndene. Winter Dressing of Peaches and Vines. — Is the winter dressing of Peaches and Vines with a mixture made to the consistency of paint beneficial or otherwise ? I am interested in the a'bove question, put by your correspondent, Mr. Hughes, in your last issue. Experience leads me to answer in the negative, believing that painting or dressing with a mixture of any of the ingredients generally used is not only useless (so far as being of any benefit to the trees), but wrong in practice. I am certainly an advocate for washing the branches, believing it to be very beneficial in cleansing tliem of any insects or dirt which may have accumu- lated ; and as cleanliness is the point aimed at, instead of painting, I would recommend a second washing, after which I believe as a rule the buds will s\yell more freely and regularly than is the case after paint- ing, when for some time they will be seen struggling to free themselves of the mixture with which they have been dressed. W. H. Unfruitful Damsons.— Soine of your readers may be able to help me in this. I have several twenty- year old fine trees of Damson, what variety I know not, but I rather think it is the English, or common variety, from a very few fruit I once saw on one of the trees. As a rule they have never borne fruit, and I am always disappointed every year at their fruitless condition. The Plum, as a rule, fruits well here on walls ; and the Victoria Plum as standards fruit freely, and in some years almost to a breakdown. And this is what I wish to ask, — Will some one, if there be one, that has a standard \'ictoria Plum fruiting freely planted alongside or within a hundred yards of any variety of Damson, be good enough to say what variety of Damson it is, and if it fruits freely, as does the \'ictoria Plum? I have made up my mind to head these Damson trees, and graXt the stocks with either a free-fruiting Damson or with the (here) free- fruiting Victoria Plum, for this Plum is a most useful one ; and though we could do without more of it, I am inclined to have more than to have no Damsons year after year. We have what is called the Dal- rymple, but I do not consider it a Damson — at least it has not the Damson flavour, which is everything. Chevalier. Paulownia imperialis. — I believe the Paulownia imperialis would be a very free-flowering tree, but it is so susceptible to the least frost in spring. I have known large trees in low-lying places near running water, and in high places 400 feet higher, within January iS, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 85 \\ mile of each other, flower variously every spring and in various profusion, in France, west of Versailles. I know it also to have flowered well at the Bois de Boulogne and at the Boulevard des Italiens in Paris, j where an avenue was planted of fine handsome trees. | It has also flowered freely but variously at a garden j at Versailles with which I am acquainted, and at many j other places about the Cheurcuse and Rambouillet districts, and it is a fact that in all these places it cannot be depended on to flower freely every spring, owing, as I have said, to its peculiar susceptibility to frost ; and when we know that even in France Oaks and Walnuts are frequently blackened in spring, need it be wondered that such tender flowers as the Paulownia, Catalpa, and Ail.antus get occasionally destroyed — the former particularly, as it opens its flowers much earlier than the two latter trees. Chevalier. A New Vinery. — May I be allowed to say a few words with regard to a vinery which was erected for \V. Farre Ecroyd, Esq., by Messrs. W. Richardson & Co., Darlington, and which seems well adapted for growing late Grapes ? Enclosed is a plan of the house (fig. 11), the length being 30 feet and width 17 feet S inches. The house was completed and the border made by April 8, on which day the Vines were planted. The loam for the borders was not so good as I should have wished, it being previously dug from a meadow 6 or 8 inches thick (instead of being pared thin), and was of a close texture. However, as I had no alterna- and the roof (which is wired horizontally iS inches from the glass) is covered with a forest of shoots and well ripened canes. The stems of each Vine measure from 24 to 3 inches in circumference. I intend to cut them all down, with a view of growing two good strong canes to each, to fruit the fodowing summer. C. Iliiggiiis, Bond Street, Nelson, Burnley. The Primulas at Headfort House. — When writing on the size of the blooms of I'riraula sinensis I certainly did not expect to have so many enquiries, and in answer to all who have written to me I beg to say that I have saved my own seed for the last fourteen years. I choose the largest, the brightest, the best fimbriated, and the finest blooming plants, and that I save seed only for my own use, and not for sale. I have had so many applicants for blooms and seed, that I find it impossible to answer all of them, and would say that plants can possibly be obtained from Messrs. Moses & Son, Greenwich, Kent, as I gave them a lot of seed last year. Some of my flowers are half-an-inch larger than a five- shilling piece. John Clezus, The Gardens, Headfort, Kelts, Co. A/eat h. The Diseases in Verbenas. — Having grown Verbenas for many years without the least dilScuUy until the last two or three years, I am at loss to account for their not doing so well as in years gone by, although they get as good treatment, if indeed not better. I have sent you a specimen of Purple King — FlC. II. — SECTION OF A VINERY AND BORDER. A, Drain-pipes ; j;. Concrete ; c, 6-inch outlet drain ; u, Drainage, broken stones, &c. ; E, Air-pipes. tive, I mixed the following along with it : fourteen cartloads of rough river sand, eight of lime rubbish, four of well rotted stable manure, two tons of char- coal (in pieces about an inch square), and one ton of half-inch bones. Tlie natural ground here being very cold and wet, I judged it advisable to have the border well above the surface. The whole of the bottom was concreted 8 inches thick, having a fall of i foot from back to the front wall (the width of the border). A 6-inch drain runs along the front at the bottom of the border, and four 4-inch drains across the border, in connection with which are four air-pipes outside, four within along the front of the liouse, and four along the back wall. On the concrete and pipes is laid I foot of broken stones and a sprinkling of the rough charcoal, then a layer of green turf, grass side down- wards, and the compost filled in. There are eight X'ines, and the sorts are Madresfield Court, Lady Downe's, Muscat of Ale.xandria, Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat, and Gros Colmar. When we planted the canes we shook them well out, and very carefully spread the roots, filling in with a little fine rich soil, and watered them well with tepid water. The canes were bent down to breal;, and allowed to make 6 inches of growth before any fire-heat was applied, until I was fully satisfied they were making good roots. The house is heated with four rows of 4-inch hot-water pipes, and having fixed evaporating troughs we were able to give plenty of heat and moisture, and at the same time a free circulation of air. I allowed five of the strongest shoots to run over to the back wall before stopping them ; when they had made good progress up the roof I allowed all the laterals to run, ; Crimson King and other sorts are about the same. I have had many of them in the spring of the last two or three years in the condition of those I have sent. It is a long time before they make any growth at all, and towards autumn when I want to get some good, strong, healthy cuttings there is scarcely one to be got, and after they are rooted they generally get into the saure diseased state. I was told several years ago that an insect was the cause, but must confess that I did not give any heed to it. I have attributed it to some kind of disease that has got into their constitution. I hope you will be able to enlighten me on the subject. mitshire. Rose Noisette Drap d'Or, Chromatella, and Cloth of Gold are one and the same. A Herts Rose grower purchased a lot from Vibert, and described it under the name of Cloth of Gold, a fair translation of Drap d'Or. M. Vibert sold it afterwards as Chro- matella. I think Mdlle. Amie Vibert (if living) must be able to give the genuine history of the Rose. My impression is that .Solfatere, Cloth of Gold, and Nois Ophir were grown from the same hip. R. B. Forestry. Coppicic Management. — The term coppice or copse applies to a wood or woodland consisting of shrubs and shrubby trees periodically cut down, and prevented from rising to the proper height of timber trees. Acopseand grove have the same origin, are composed of the same plants, and possess the same character, with only this distinction, that the former does not mature its trees, while the latter does so. Though a copse usually originates in either natural or artificial sowing, yet there are copses true to character, the product of trees and shrubs originally planted by the ordinary method. The subject of copse management is too vast and comprehensive for an article of limited extent, I shall therefore confine my present remarks to a few aspects of the subject only. It is quite a common and general occurrence, that proprietors change their mode of forestry by converting copse wood into grove and timber wood. There are various modes adopted in doing so, some possessing one advantage and some another. Some attach great importance to the time of year the work is done, usually preferring the month of February to all others. This I need scarcely say is an erroneous impression, and unpracticable as it is false, for it matters little at what time of the year a healthy young shoot is cut over between November and April, both inclusive, so far at least as affects its reproductive power. The kind of implement used is also made too much of, for it matters little or nothing what instrument is used in cutting, provided only it is sufficiently sharp to niake a good clean cut. Some advocate cutting the scion close to the surface ol the ground, and others maintain that a stool of 3 inches should be left. Advantages of a special nature attend botli systems, but where it is intended to grow timber trees from tlie stool, the nearer the ground the scion grows so much the better. The greatest and most important practical consideration connected with this branch of the subject is the time and manner of thin- ning out the young shoots the first time. After con- siderable experience in such work, I find the best time or stage of growth at which the first thinning should be done, is after the second year's growth is completed. Amongst the reasons to be assigned for this preference are, first, that the shoots grow both fast and closely together the first few years, and the inferior growths very soon seriously injure the stronger ones and such as should stand to constitute the tree ; and second, but it is desirable to regulate as early as pos- sible both the distances apart and their position upon the stool, always giving preference to the scion springing from nearest the surface of the ground. Theruleby which I act in general plantation thinning admits of no ex- ception here, namely, the maintenance of a due relative proportional growth between the girth and height of the stem, which is, that the tree girths as many inches round immediately above the swell of the root as it measures feet in height. The thinning, pruning, and other modes of treatment applicable to gro\es or plantations may be safely followed here, with one or two exceptions. Copse, as has already been shown, grows more rapidly during the first few years after cutting than plantations do, and therefore requires a proportionate amount of attention. The growth, however, though rapid at first, does not continue so beyond a limited period ; and thinning, pruning, &c., must in all cases be regulated by it, being neither stopped too soon, nor unduly protracted. The principal and main consideration in trans- forming copse into grove or plantation wood is that of one remarkable and peculiar feature of growth. It is not very generally known that a young tree grown from the stock of an old one assumes the general form and habit of the parent tree. Not that the young tree follows the exact line of growth of the one from which it sprung in all minutice, such as crookedness, straightncss, few or manybranches, freaksor blemishes, but the general character of the one corresponds very closely with that of the other, as to height, disposition of limbs, form of top, maturing of heart-wood, health and constitution. I know of several Oaks, the characteristics of which have been accurately maintained for many centuries. In Oak growing districts wdiere copse wood is cut periodically and tellers or standard trees left upon the ground to constitute timber, it is not the fine, tall, strong healthy shoots that are selected to stand (being stock-shoots), but the young slender sapling grown up, not from the stool of an old tree, but from the seed or acorn. Long experience has proved that though the tree (as a stock-shoot) is at twenty or thirty years a better one than a seedling of the same age, yet at forty to sixty years' growth the seedling is by far the superior tree, and the older they grow the difference in favour of the seedling increases more and more. Many planters have met with dis- appointment at the result of Oak timber grown from stools, which might have been averted had the pro- ducing cause been properly known, 86 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. fJANUARV 1 8, 1879. It is not to be inferred tliat since like produces like, both of character and habit — which is the case with all trees grown from stools of old and mature trees — that therefore no good and useful wood or limber can be so grown. If the original character and habit of the trees are good the succeeding crop will partake of the same characteristics and qualities, while, on the other hand, if the parent trees are dwarfed, gnarled, stunted, and badly grown, the succeeding crop will strongly resemble them in all their defects and deformities. What applies to Oak is equally applicable to Ash, Elm, Spanish Chestnut, and other species of trees. Ash trees, for example, attain maturity at an early age upon moss and bog soils of certain qualities, and when this. occurs the plantation is usually cut down as mature and no longer profit- able to be grown. The scions from such stools usually grow with much strength and vigour during the first few years after cutting, and might mislead those inexperienced with the ultimate results by the health and vigour of their early growth. Let no one, how- ever, be deceived by such appearances, as the universal results are that the scions just stop short of growth at the point and period of the parent trees from which they spring. All soils and situations produce trees peculiar to themselves, some tall, straight, and of great size, and others short of stem, crooked, and diminutive ; and it appears to be an established law, that when trees attain their full maturity upon any soil or situation the succeeding crop or crops that spring from their stools are of the same character and quality in all succeeding crops. C. Y. Michie., Ciil/oi House, CttUcit, Baiiffshirc, Jan. 10. Reports of Societies. Royal Horticultural : Jainiaiy 14. — As a result of the break up of the severe frost on Monday morning, the Council-room was well filled with flowering plants, principally Primulas ; but the attendance was small, and nothing was done at the afternoon meeting beyond the usual routine business, which included the election of Fellows. SciENTU'-ic CoMMiTTEK. — A. Grote, Esq., V.P.' in the chair. The subjects brought before the com" mittee on this occasion were not numerous. Plains Exhi/iitcd.—Ytom Mr. B. S. Williams came a specimen of a plant supposed to be the Panda- nophyllum humile of Hasskarl, a Pandanus-like plant of tufted habit, with triangular stock and sheathing, strap-shaped leaves, tapering into a long point. The flowers are inconspicuous, and borne in close spikes raised on a terete peduncle. The plant is of much botanical interest, being allied to Pandanace.i; and Cyperaceiii:. It has lately been referred to the genus Hypolytrum, and is a native of Java. It has been cultivated at Kew for several years. A Botanical Cer- tificate was awartled on the ground of botanical interest. From Mr. G. 1'. Wilson came a plant of Oncidium Widgreni of Lindley (Folia Orchuiacea, vol. i., p. 17, n. 50), a Brazilian species with small pseudobulb, solitary oblong lanceolate leaf, 3 — 4 inches long, anrl a raceme of about a dozen yellowish flowers, barred and spotted with brown, and the stalk of the lip marked with two rows of small tooth- like processes. A Botanical Certificate was awarded on the ground of rarity. A Eulbophyllum, shown by 1\Ir. Douglas, gr. to Y. Whitbourn, Esq., Loxford Hall, was referred to the authorities at Kew for iden- tification, a certificate being withheld until the name of the species is authoritatively determined. It was supposed to be B. auricomum. Ve^elahlc Remains from Graicl. — Mr. Worthington G. .Smith exhibited under the microscope a series of jireparations of vegetable and other remains he had found in sites associated with Pateolilhic implements in the drift gravels of the Lea and Axe. The Lea remains were 12 and the Axe remains 30 feet beneath the surface. Under the microscope the minute struc- ture of the plant-remains was clearly seen, the fragments of cellular tissue, epidermis, &c. , in some sjiecimens being \'cry ])erfect. One slide with a piece of human hair, stained and corroded by the gravelly matrix from which it w.as taken, attracted considerable attention. Mr. Smith's collection of microscopic objects of Palxolithic age included fragments of leases and roots of plants, a seed or two, hairs belonging to various mammalia, a portion of a feather, and several objects of unlcnown nature. The gravel from which the remains were derived was dug by Mr. Smith himself. Insect fnjnyions to Iris, u>'c. — Mr. S. ^\' ebb showed a moth, Nonagria Sparganii, the larva of which on the Continent is known to feed on Typha and .Spar- ganium but which in this country is found to prey on the stems of Irises, especially I. pumila. The insect is of recent introduction to this countiv. Beetle Injurious to Cocoa Palms. — Mr. W. T. T. Dyer showed a large beetle found to be injurious to the Cocoa-nut Palms in Zanzibar. The specimen was referred to Mr. MacLachlan for identification. Narcissus Tazctta var. aureus. — Mr. W. W. Saunders sent flowers of an autumn flowering, pale yellow flowered, sweet scented Narcissus which has the valuable property of flowering in the late autumn, and of withstanding at least 11° of frost without injury. It had been iilentified by Mr. Baker as N. Tazetta var. aureus, and is well figured in the late Mr. Moggridge's Flora of Mentone. FKtiT COMMITTEIC. — Henry Webb, Esq., in the chair. But few sulijects came under the notice of this committee. The most important were forced examples of the Eulham White and Lily-white varieties of Seakale, contributed by Messrs. James Vcitch & Sons. In the Fulham variety the tips of the forced leaves are coloured, while there is no trace of this in the Lily White, which it will be remembered was introduced a year or two ago by Messrs. Stuart, Mein '& Allen, of Kelso. The Lily-white .Seakale is a decided improvement on any other variety, and well deserves the attention of all gardeners who have to provide this vegetable for the table. A vote of thanks was accorded to the exhibitors. Mr. Pratt, gr. to Viscount Hill, Hawkstone, Salop, sent half-a- dozen examples of grilling Mushrooms which weighed l\ lb., and were awarded a Cultural Commendation. A vote of thanks was also passed to Mr. Muir, gr., Margam Park, South Wales, for a very fine dish of King of the Pippin Apples, the samples being fine in size and highly coloured. Herr J. K. Borganovics, St. Tamasch, Hungary, Btiscke, submitted a sample of a wine sausage — a new preparation of wine must, made of the juice of the Grape, " Weinmost- Wurst,'' groats, and kernels of nuts. The specimen sent was made last November, and it was stated that it would keep good until July next ; but it cannot be regarded as an article likely to meet with much favour in this country. Flor.\i, Committee. — Dr. Denny in the chair. By inviting the exhibition of a specially selected class of plants at each of its meetings during the current year the Council has again included in its pro- gramme a feature that piomises to add to the inte- rest of such meetings from a horticultural point of view, and one that should besides result in drawing a larger attendance of visitors. The special subject in- vited to-day was Chinese Primulas, and a very good display was brought forward. Perhaps the group which created the greatest amount of interest was a batch of about thirty admirably grown plants of Messrs. Sutton and Sons' striking new variety, Ruby King, the merits of which we have already discussed. As shown, it well deserved the praise that has been bestowed upon it, and a F'irst-class Certificate was awarded to it. The same firm also showed se- veral plants of their strain of white Primulas, which were very good. Somewhat approaching Ruliy King in colour was a variety shown by Mr. H. Cannell — very rich in colour, well fimbriated, and alto- gether very promising. From Mr. W. Brown, Brent Nursery, Hendon, came a capital group of plants of the usual market type ; in which the white and crimson varieties were well represented ; as also Tomkins' white variety, named Princess Louise ; and Exquisita (Brown), a rich deep rosy crimson flower of considerable merit. A Silver Banksian Medal was awarded. F'rom Mr. A. Brown, florist, Hendon, came examples of good types of crimson and white varieties ; and one named ccerulea, which is the nearest approach to a blue Chinese Primula that we remember to have seen. The same grower also had several plants of a distinct crimson flowered form with a light centre. Mr. Barron sent up from Chiswick a collection of varieties, many of which, it must be admitted, were more singular than beautiful, but two or three of them are specially worthy of attention. One, a well formed bright red flower, was, to our thinking, the best novelty shown, and the committee asked to see it agjin. Amongst the wdiites was one named filicifolia alba, which is delicately shaded with pink, and on all points is a very pleasing flower ; while a third, and a very distinct flower, was a dark crimson flower, evenly spotted with small wdiite dots. Messrs. James A'eitch and Sons re- ceived a Silver-gilt Medal for a showy group of flower- ing and fine-foliaged plants, which included Crassula lactea, Roman Hyacinths, Tulips, and Primulas, Daphne indica, Rhododendrons, Lilac Charles \., Cyclamens, and Lily of the Valley ; and last, but by no means least, a forced plant of Staphylea colchica, which was described in out columns in 1871 ,is "a hardy, vigorous growing, deciduous shrub, furnished with opposite imparipinnate leaves, of about five (rarely three) oval shining dentate leaflets, and pro- ducing its while flowers in terminal panicles of an ornamental character, so profusely as to become a useful pol plant for market purposes. It belongs to the Staphyleacea:, and is a native of the North of F^urope." This is the first time it has been exhibited as a forced shrub, but the plant shown by Messrs. Veitch admirably demonstrated its value for this purpose, and the committee recognised its merits with a First-class Certificate. Messrs. Sutton t'v .Sons exhibited a white variety of Cyclamen persicum, named Reading Gem, which has the broadest and roundest-pointed petals of any variety that we know, but is somewhat coarse in appearance, owing to an unduly prominent twist in the petals. It is, nevertheless, a fine flower, and was awarded a F'irst-class Certificate. Mr. Ollerhead, gr. to Sir H. W. Peek, Bart., M.P., sent a well-marked variety of Odonloglossum cirrhosum, .distinct from the one exhibited by him last year ; and from Mr. H. Parr, Harrow Weald, came a couple of Abutilons, named Vesuvius and Yellow Prince. The latter appeared to be distinct, and very promising, but the former too closely resembles A. Darwinii. Mr. .Spary, of the Queen's Graperies, Brighton, showed cut heads of bracts of some seedling Poinsettias, showing slight variations in colour ; and, in addition to the Primulas above al- luded to, Mr. W. Brown showed some remarkably well grown and well berried plants of the improved form of Solanum Capsicastrum. Mr. Cannell again contributed numerous bunches of Zonal Pelargonium flowers, of which he has a houseful at .Swanley, well worth a journey to see. Mr. Thomson sent a fine lot of flowering plants of Crassula lactea from the Crystal Palace, and received a vote of thanks. Mr. B. S. Williams contributed a small group of flowering plants, including a well-formed, deep blood-red Amaryllis, named Dr. Masters, which gained a First-class Certificate ; the beautiful Cym- bidium affine, Masdevallia polysticta, with a dozen spikes ; Odontoglossum Rossii, and a fine piece of Sophronites grandiflora. Messrs. Osborn & .Sons, F'ulham, contributed a large group of well-berried -•Vucubas, together with Aralias, Laurustinus, &c. We should also state that Messrs. C. Lee & Sons' splendid group of hardy plants was again on view. Edinburgh Botanical. — A meeting of this So- ciety was held December g, Dr. T. A. G. Balfour, President, in the chair. It was agreed to forward to the Home Secretary, for presentation to the Queen, patroness to the .Society, an address of condolence to Her M.ajesty on the death of the Princess Alice. Mr. .Sadler, .Secretary, in reply to a question, mentioned that the greatest intensity of frost experienced at the Botanic Gardens this winter occurred on December 14, when the thermometer stood at 9° above zero ; while on December 24, 1S60, the reading was 6^ below zero. In connection with this, it was incidentally mentioned by other gentlemen that, during the ijresent season, tlie thermometer had been several degrees below zero in the neighbourhood of Kelso, and also in Dumfries and Braemar districts. Mr. Sadler read a paper by Mr. J. Stephen Wilson, of North Kinmundy, " On the En- velope of the Grass Embryo." The paper being purely technical, it was resolved to remit it to Pro- fessors Balfour and Dickson for consideraton. In the absence of Mr. W. B. Boyd, of Ormiston, iMr. Sadler next read a paper by that gentleman descriptive of a trip with the Scottish Alpine Botanical Club to Braemar in the autumn of last year. Mr. D'Arcy W. Thompson exhibited and described a number of speci- mens of Ulodendron, remarking upon the abundance of these in the shale-oil districts in the vicinity of l'",dinl)urgh. Mr. Sadler intimated that Mr. D'Arcy Thompson had presented his valuable. collection of Ulodendron specimens to the museum at the Botanic Garden. Mr. Webb read an obituary notice on Pro- fessor Fries, an honorary member of the Society, who died in February. 187S, which had been prejiared by his son, Dr. T. AI. Fries, at the request of Professor Balfour. Mr. Sadler communicated a note from the Rev. Mr. Landsborough, Kilmarnock, slating that the Tree Ferns and Blue Gum trees in the open air at Brodick, Arran, had been uninjured by the frost, whilst birds were dying by the score. Mr. John Campbell, Ledaig, Argyleshire, wrote stating that, notwithstanding the severe weather, a large number of plants in his garden were still in good foliage and flower, though many birds had succumbed to the frost and snow. .Mr. Sadler mentioned that at the Botanic Garden, since December I, only on two days— the 3d and the 31st — had the thermometer been above the freezing point. Altogether, during December, 265 degrees of frost had been experienced. Mr. Buchan observed that last month had been the coldest December for many years in this part of .Scotland, and much more so in I)umfriesshire. Scottish Horticultural Association: 'Jan. 7. — The ordinary monthly meeting was held on Tues- day, the 7lh inst., at 5, St. Andrew Square, Edin- burgh. Mr. John Sadler, F'.R.P.S., gave an address on fungi. F'ungi were amongst the gardeners' and foresters' greatest enemies ; they luxuriated in shady woods and mossy dells, and were to be found on cellar walls, bread and cheese, linen, old boots, carpets, mats, clothing, and animal skin ; even on the human head a fli-'urishiug colony was to be found. They were washed from our lips every morning ; and from Tantary iS, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. cesspools, stagnant drains, and rotten ollal, there arose unseen the germs of the fungi that caused the epidemic. Before their ravages the Potato, Turnip, roots of Conifera:, Wheat crop, tVc, gave way, and timber crumbled. Even in the very air we breathe, the water, food, and medicine we use, are to be found in teeming multitudes the germs of the fungi ; in fact, no place was free from them except the centre of the glowing furnace. Their effects were sometimes very injurious, and at other times unspeakable benefits were conferred by their becoming the scavengers of Nature. The germs floated about in the atmosphere wherever decaying matter was left exposed ; and even when cremation finished its work fungi arose. Potting soil should not be used until it had passed the fungus state, because if it was not allowed to for raent the plants potted would become sour at the root, attention to preparing potting soil being an important matter ingrowing healthy plants. lie next adverted to the Vine disease. Potato disease, ami Wheat rust, which were attributable to atmospheric influence, and to dry-rot being caused by certain conditions of the air. He exhibited a piece of wood with the mycelium running through it, and -next alluded to the aquatic forms of fungi, illustrating his remarks on this point by referring to the gold tish that had died in the Botanic (.lardens some time ago. The mycelium form of fungi in the lungs, and also in the stomach, were explained by Mr. Sadler. He then described the principal kinds of ediljle and poisonous fungi, of which 700 difierent species were to be found in Britain. He said no rule could be laid down to distinguish between the poisonous and edible varie- ties, but counselled his hearers to use great caution — one characteristic of dangerous kinds, however, being that the tongue became attacked as if it had been burned. The Agaricus campestris was the principal one used in this country, although excluded from Rome. The composition of the Mushroom was similar to that of beef. Agaricus oreades, Agaricus prunulus (or Plum Mushroom, which was used in Rome), Agaricus procerus (one of the best), and Agaricus annularis, were explained and illustrated by diagrams, as also the Boletus edulis, Phallus, and .^[orcheIla esculenta. The lecture throughout was illustrated by specimens and diagrams, and at its conclusion Mr. Sadler was awarded a hearty vote of thanks. There was exhibited by Mr. Alexander McMillan, gr. to J.as. McBrian, Esq., Broadnieadows, Berwick- on-Tweed, a wonderful lot of Zonal Pelargoniums, trusses and cut blooms of Chrysanthemums in an ex- ception.illy fine condition. The latter numbered thirty- nine of the finest varieties grown by Mr. McMillan, planted out in a house into which he removes them about the beginning of October. The Pelar- goniums were twenty-six in number, and were remark- able for any time of the year, and particularly so fur the beginning of January. The trusses and petals were large, finely formed, and of great substance and bright in colour. Mr. L. Dow exhibited Turnip shaws, which he used as a substitute for Scakale. Some observations on the weather by Mr. Burns, Thingwall, were read, in which he stated that the most frost registered by him was 24°, on December 25. A communication on the same subject was read from Mr. Hugh Dickson, Belfast, in which it was stated that the thermometer stood at zero on Decem- ber 25. It was intimated that Mr. John Caie, Inverary, would send a paper on "Ornamental Planting;" and Mr. Burns Thingwall, on "Accli- matising Plants " — both papers to be read at the next meeting. Winter Work. — "Nothing te.iches patience like a garden," was once remarked, and it is very true. Sometimes Nature can be hastened in her work, but the invariable nile is to wait for the oncoming of her own good time. All the best results of a garden, like those of life, are slowly but regularly progressive. Winter is a time when great patience and trustfulness are needed, for so many things are slow, if not altogether inactive. But to the Villa gardener there is no need that winter should mean a time of inactivity in his garden. We are thinking of the top-dressing required for Auriculas and Polyanthuses in early spring, and of the potting-soil that will be in large demand when the Spring " Writes its fair alphabet upon the sod In many coloured flowers." Some cow-dung and stable-dung also, collected with care for the former purpose, is now exposed for the birds to work among it — picking out any traces of insect-life that might bo found there. Some decayed soils affected with wireworm are being similarly tfeated, and a heap of leaf-mould lis being turned over occasionally, that it may be thoroughly sweetened and mellowed. A well-managed garden needs the exercise of much forethought ; the gardener should be constantly looking ahead, preparing, planning and executing. W.\sirrxG Pots. — Among the many jobs that might challenge attention now, is the really important matter of washing pots. Some gardeners are by no means alive to the importance of cleanliness in the pots used for plants. An old gardener once left on record, for the advantage of those who should come after him, these valuable hints : — " Never use old flower-pots without washing them well ; independently of the dirty and slovenly appearance, a dirty pot dis- courages the growth of a plant. Let them always be thoroughly washed before they are stowed away, so that when they are wanted they will be ready for use. The soil that hangs about a pot is always spent, if not .actually sour and unwholesome ; and when the tibres of a plant reach the side there will be a check with a dirty pot, while with a clean one the plant makes more rapid and healthy growth until the fibres get too thick together." We can also add, that if any one would find out the disadvantages of using dirty pots let them endeavour to turn out with a clean ball a plant potted into an uncleansed pot, and they will find that the soil clings about the inside of it, and the ball crumbles almost to pieces. But the use of dirty pots is by no means a fault with Villa gardeners alone — it runs through the gardening profession, as many find to their cost. Digging and Trenching Vacant Pieces of Grou.nd. — This is a matter of some importance, and gardeners of all classes are prone to leave it until it is too late — that is to say, periods of fine open and frosty weather, when the work could be done in com- fort, are allowed to pass by, and then comes a spell of wet weather, when the soil is sticky and close, and does not fall to pieces nicely, and manure has to be wheeled along paths that are soft and wet, and are soon cut up into ruts. There is this prime advantage in getting vacant pieces of land trenched and thrown up rough, that it enables the hardest frosts of mid- winter to act upon it, seasoning and mellowing it, breaking up the close particles, and greatly assisting the gardener in his work. This precautionary measure is all the more needful in the case of clayey soils that are of an adhesive nature. Besides, the earlier the manure is put into the soil at trenching time the longer is the period allowed for it to become thoroughly incorporated with the soil and distributed through it, and by-and-bye, when crops are sown and planted, and the roots begin to ramble, they find something renovating in all parts of it. Dry and sandy loose soils dig well at all times, but there will be a positive advantage in getting it thrown up rough as early as possible in the summer. Shruubkries, &c. — These, together with hedges of Laurels, Privet, &c., can be cut back in the autumn to impart an aspect of order, and any thinning out can be done also. It is all the more important in cases where the belt of shrubbery forms a background to an inside border of plants, as by doing what is necessary to the shrubbery first, the gardener can then dress and tidy up his border, and make all neat and snug. All work worthy of being done at all is worthy of being done well and systematically. A well-kept garden should agree in all its parts summer and winter alike. Enjoyment is as essential to our nature in winter as in summer ; and the best and wisest gardener is he who obtains the greatest amount of pleasure from his garden at all seasons of the year. Cutting Back and Training Creepers to Walls ok Houses. — Let us take the Virginian Creeper, as illustrative of a climber grown largely against the walls of houses. As soon as it has lost its leaves it has a slovenly neglected appearance, and the long shoots that are thickly produced during summer l)y a plant in a vigorous state of health are laid hold of by the rough autumnal and winter winds, and, affording such a good hold, are often by the violence of the blast made to tear the main shoots from the walls. The Virginian Creeper can be cut back at any time without doing harm to the plant, but if it were deemed advisable not to cut them back, it is wise .as a precautionary measure to fasten them securely to the walls till the proper time for pruning comes round. The strong growing summer Clematises are another case in point ; and as they make a profuse growth, and the leaves hang on the bine for some time, the wind is very sportive with them. Wistaria sinensis, Ivies, Roses, Honeysuckles, Jessamine, Corchorus, Ce.inothus, Escallonia, Pyrarantha, and many others used against walls and fences are greatly improved in ajipearance by some preliminary thinning out and cutting back in winter, and a little nailing in to keep all snug and secure. There arc many gardeners — far too many gardeners, who appear to think that neat- ness and a general tidiness of appearance is a part of the summer work of a garden only, and not necessary in autumn and winter. A tidy garden in winter is as much appreckable as a neat and well-kept garden in summer — and it should be so maintained. A'L S TA TE OF THE IVBA THER A T BLA CKHEA TH, LOMDOM, For the Week ending Wednesday, Jan. is, 1879. Temperature of THE Am. \ In. 29.80 , =9- -IS 29.48 Q In. I „ , i „ i , I . + 0.0833.8 23.0 10,8 29,0— 7.2 — 027j28.5 22.1 6.425.3 — 11.0 Hycrome- trital De- ductions from Glaiisher's Tables 6lh Edition. 'Bi.g Pa " .L 22.1 IS -2 — 0.24'27.0 20,9 6.l'24,2' — 12 1J17.5 + 0.2534.5 20 014.526.4— lO.O 23.0 M I I i I 13 I 29.96 -t-o.244S.8 3i.8 I^,039.7-^ 33137-9 ' i I I i 14 , 29.68 —0.0446.334.5 11.841.5! 4- S040.6 I I { I 1 '5 129.63—0.1045.135.3 9.8 39.8 -h 3.335.7 Mcan'2g.7i — 0.01 37.3 26.8 10.5 32J.3, — 4127.4 E.N.E. :'!",„ E. i"-" S.E. o.co A ^-l I E.: 0.02 lE.N.E.:, WNW ; 0.00 - 1 WSW. 94 { w. ",'>■'» S.I.W. °-^' WSW .J , s.s.w.""* 97 83 J E. N.E. : sum S.S.W. |0.33 Jan. g. — Fine, but very cloudy. Sunshine at intervals. Slight snow at times. CoW. — 10. — Very fine and bri,iht till 2 P.M. Overcast after.. Few n.ikes of snow in morning. Very cold. — II. — Overcast, and snow fell in morning. Fine in after- noon and evening Ovsrcasl at night. Bitterly cold. Much floating ice in the Thames. — 12. — Fine and clear lilt evening. Very cold. Tempe- rature rose after 10 r.M. Sleet and slight thaw at midnight. A large quantity of floating ice in the Thames. — ij — A dull mild day. Thawing. Rain fell in early morning. -A dull miserable day. Overcast, wet, and mild. -Fine and bright till 10 A.M., then overcast and dull (wiih slight rain at times) till 6 p.m. Fine and cloudless at night. 15- - London : Barometer. — During the week ending Saturday, January 11, in the vicinity of London the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea increased from 29.99 inches at the beginning of the week to 30.26 inches by the morning of the 6th, decreased to 29.60 inches by noon on the 8th. increased to 30.05 inches by the morning of the 9th, decreased to 29.59 inches by the morning of the nth, and increased to 29.75 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading for the week at sea level was 29.91 inches, being 0.24 inch above that of the preceding week, and o.oi inch below the average. Teinpcrattirc. — The highest temperatures of the air observed by day varied from 35|° on the 5th, to 27" on the nth, and 2Si° on the loth ; the mean value for the week was 31 1'. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night varied from 21* on the i ith, 22° on the loth, 22\' on the 6th, and 23° on the 9th, to 28^ on the 5th ; the mean value for the week was 24". The mean daily range of temperature in the week was 7|°, the least range in the day being 6° both on the 7th and nth, and the greatest being 104° on the 9th. The mean daily temperatures of the air and the departures from their respective averages were as follows:— 5th, 3r.7, — 4'.8 ; 6th, 27'.!, — 9°.3 ; 7th, 30°. I, — 6°.2 ; 8th, 29°.6, — 6^.6; 9th, 29'. — 7°.2 ; loth, 25^.3, — 11°; nth, 24°. 2, — 12". I. The mean temperature of the air for the week was 28°. i, being 8'. 2 below the average of sixty years' observations. The highest readings of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo, placed in sun's rays, were 73° on the loth, 674° on the 8th, and 60° on the 9th ; on 88 THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. [.tANTARY l8, 1879. Ihe 6th, 7th, and llth the reading did not rise above 36°. The lowest readings of a thermometer on grass, with its bulb exposed to the sky, were iSf° on the ilth, 19° on the loth, and 21 1° on the 6th ; the mean of the seven lowest readings was 223'. UHnd. — The direction of the wind was chiefly E., and its strength moderately strong. The weather during the week was generally dull, very cold, and the sky cloudy. There was a very large quantity of floating ice in the Thames on the nth. Sno7ii fell on the gth, loth, and nth. England: Tcinperaturc. — During the week ending Saturday, January II, the highest temperatures of tlie air observed by day were 45° at Truro, 44° at I 'lymouth, and 39° at Leeds ; the highest tempera- ture of the air at Leicester was 34^°, and at Norwich was 35° ; the mean value from all places was 37j°. The lowest teinperatures of the air observed by night were \i\° at Liverpool, 12° at Nottingham, 14^° at Wolverhampton, 15]-° at Cam- bridge, 17° at Leicester, 17^° at Bristol, and 19° at both Norwich and Bolton ; the lowest temperature of the air at Plymouth and Truro was 25°, and at Leeds was 24° ; the mean \aluc from all places was I9i° only. The range of temperature in the week was the greatest at Liverpool, 265°, and the least at Mull, 14° ; the mean range from all places was i8J°. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was the highest 'at Truro, 40°, Plymouth 394°, and Leeds 353, and the lowest at Blackheath and Lei- cester, both 3i|°, and Bristol 32°; the general mean from all stations was 34°. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was the lowest at Wolver- hampton and Nottingham, both 19!°, Bristol 2iJ,°, Leicester and Cambridge 22°, Liverpool 22i°, Bolton 23^°, and Blackheath 24°, and the highest at Truro, 32!°, and Plymouth 30° ; the mean from all places was 24^°. The mean daily range of tem- perature in the week was the least at Norwich, 6J°, and the greatest at Wolverhampton and Not- tingham, both I3}°; the mean daily range of tem- perature from all places was 9.^°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all places was 29°, being 9° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 1S7S. The mean tem- perature of the air for the week was the highest at Truro, 36°, Plymouth 34]', and Leeds 31°; and the lowest at Wolverhampton and Nottingham, both 26^°, and Bristol and Leicester, both 264°. Rain. — -The amount of rain and melted snow mea- sured at Truro and Plymouth was \\ inch ; at other stations the amounts were very small indeed, varying from o.oi inch to o. ii inch; the average amount over the country was 0.20 inch. The weather during the week was generally dull and hazy, and very cold, with slight falls of snow. Scotland : Tcinpcratme. — During the week ending Saturday, January 11, the highest tempe- ratures of the air varied from 41° at Perth, and 40° at Dundee, to 364° at Edinburgh, and 37° at Greenock ; the mean value from all stations was 38^-°. The lowest temperatures of the air varied from 19° at Paisley and Perth, And 22° at Dundee, to 27:^° at Aberdeen. The mean from all places was 22|°. The mean range of temperature in the week from all places was 15I'. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all placeswas 3I4', being 4^° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 1S7S. The highest were 34° at Aberdeen and 33° at Dundee ; and the lowest were 29° at Paisley, and 29^° at Glasgow and Greenock. Rain. — The amounts of rain and melted snow nicasured during the week varied from 0.60 inch at Dundee, and 0.50 inch at Perth, to 0.03 inch at Glasgow, and 0.06 inch at Greenock ; the average amount over the country was 0.27 inch. Dublin. — The highest temperature was 39.^°, the lowest I4:j°, the range 25°, the mean 30!°, and the amount of rain and melted snow measured was 0.64 inch. J.A.MES GLAISHER. We have this week to record, with great regret, the sudden death, at 9 A.M. on the 13th inst., of Mr. Thomas Methven, founder and senior partner of the firm of Thomas Methven & Sons, nurserymen and seedsmen, of Edinburgh. Death is attributed to heart disease. I"'or the following particulars respecting ex-Bailie Methven's career we are indebted to the Edinburgh Coiirant : — The deceased gentleman, who was a native of Kennoway, in Fifeshire, served an apprenticeship as a gardener at Leslie House, under the Dowager- Countess of Rothes. While still a young man he commenced business for himself as a nurseryman, beginning first in Edinburgh with Stanwell Nurseries, Bonnington. With the energy and uprightness peculiar to his character, Mr. Methven soon rose to a high position in his profession, and with the growing suc- cess which attended his business he gradually extended his nurseries. To Stanwell Nursery, which occupied ground that is now built upon, he added the nurseries at Leith Walk, which have long formed an attraction to visitors to that neighbourhood of the city. To these he afterwards added the nurseries at Warriston, always remark.able for their rich profusion of flowers, and for some years back he has had another very fine nursery at Fettes. The great experience he possessed in matters con- nected with arboriculture and horticulture led to his advice being sought by the large landed proprietors of the country in connection with the laying-out of their grounds, and we may safely say that there is no one in his profession better and more widely known in .Scotland. He was one of the founders of the Scottish Arboricultural Society, established about twenty years, and he remained one of its most stead- fast and prominent supporters. He was also an active member of the Royal Caledonian Horticul- tural Societ)', and one of the members and founders of the Scottish Horticultural Association, instituted about two years ago. In all meetings for the pro- motion of the interests of gardeners Mr. Methven was ever ready to give his services, and young gardeners always found in him a warm friend and adviser. Being, as he was, a man of shrewd business habits, and possessing many estimable qualities of head and heart, his fellow-cititizens called upon him to come forward and represent them m the Town Council. He was accordingly returned in 1866 for the Calton Ward, and he continued to represent it in the Cor- poration until 1877, when he retired, but not before he had been elevated to the magistracy, a position which he enjoyed for four years before he again returned into more private life. His services were, how- ever, so much appreciated by those he had left in the Council that he was elected a Water Trustee, and only lately appointed to represent the Corporation of Edinburgh in the Leith Dock Cominission. Mr. Methven, who has died in the sixtieth year of his age, has left two sons and three daughters to mourn his loss. The sons have been in business with their father for several years. W'e have also to record the death of Mr. Thomas Sage (father of Mr. George Sage, gardener to Lord Brownlow, at Ashridge), who died at Camberwell on the 12th inst., in his 90th year. He was born at Calne, in Wiltshire, and began work in the garden at Bowood, where his father had charge of a nursery of forest trees. When still a young man he left Bowood for the nurseries of Mr. Ronalds, at Brentford, and subsequently took a situation as gar- dener to Mr. Moss, at Drayton Green, near Ealing, where he remained for some years, and then entered the service of Lady Hazlerigg, at Hillingdon Heath. Here he stayed no less than twenty-nine years, and retired on a pension, in consequence of her ladyship giving up her country residence. For some years afterwards he was employed at the Crj-stal Palace, under Mr. Eyles and Mr. Williams. On the loth he was well enough to write a letter, which he took some little distance to post, but on Friday evening he had an attack of paralysis, from which he never recovered, and died about half-past twelve on Tuesday. Variorum. A Chemical Study or Vegetable Albin- ism. — Professor Church, at a recent meeting of the Chemical Society, as reported in the Plianna- ccntical Journal, gave the results of his experiments as follows : — "Two sets of analyses were made, one on leaves gathered in the autunui of 1877, the second on leaves gathered in 1878. Great care was taken in gathering the leaves that they should be of the same age, &c. ; no steel implements were used to separate them. The plants chosen for the first set of experiments were the Maple, the Hollv, and tlie hy. In the second set the plants, for which the author was'indebted to .Su' Joseph Hookek, experimented with were Elseagnus pungens, Plcctogyne variegata, Cyperusalternifolius, .and .Xlocasia macrorhiza. Both sets of analyses yielded the following results :— The ash of the white leaves contains much more potash and phosphoric acid, and much less lime, than that of the green leaves. No deficiency of iron in the white leaves \\as detected, The details of all the analyses are given. The author made further inquiries \\ ith Elaeagnus pun- gens as to the three following points : — The amount of matter soluble in ether; the proportion of albuminoid to total nitrogen ; j^rescnce of calcium oxalate and car- bojiate. As regards the first, the white leaves yield less than half the amount of extractive gi\-en by the green leaves. Nearly 60 per cent, of the nitrogen in the white leaves is non-albuminoid, while the green leaves contain 30 per cent, in that condition. Calcium carbonate and oxalate were present in notable ([uantities in the green leaves, hut almost absent from the white le.aves. \\'hite leaves contain more (about 10 per cent.) water than green leaves, while the dry organic matter in the former is not quite two-thirds of that present in the latter. To elucidate the question the author made some analyses of a parasite, the Dodder, and its host, the red Clover. Tiie parasite was found to be richer in \vater and in pot- ash, but poorer in lime, than its host ; thus resembling a white leaf White leaves are therefore related to green jjretty much as immature leaves to mature, tubers to foliage, petals to green bracts, vegetable parasites to their hosts. The white leaf may thus be said to be parasitic on the green. The author docs not give any decided opinion as to the cause of the whiteness. He remarks that white leaves are usually weaker and thinner, and that albino cuttings cannot be 'struck.' .Some attempts have been made to stimulate albino foliage, but witliout any decisive results. The author promises further experi- ments, especially as regards the relations of equal areas of white and green foliage to carbonic acid, and the effect of injecting various substances. "Dr. VoELCKER said the paper was one of great interest, as indicating a new path, which might lead to important results. He should like to ask if Professor Church had paid much attention to the qualities of chlorides and nitrates. " The Chairman said that he had listened with gre.at attention to Professor Church's paper as one opening out a new subject, and one which it was rather curious that no one, as far as he w.as aware, had investigated hitherto. In Germany analyses of Beech leaves of all ages had been made, and in many respects the analyses of the young leaves corresponded with those of the while leaves, whilst the composition of the old leaves agreed with that of the green leaves. He should think there- fore that in the spring Professor Church would find less difference between the white and green leaves than in the autumn. The analyses of the parasite and its host seemed to afford a very good explanation of the differ- ences between the composition of the white and green leaves ; all the diffusible substances were found in the white leaves and the parasite, with but little non-diffusible matter. "Professor DvER remarked that albinism was a dis- ease, probably due to the presence in the white leaf of some minute organism, for .albinism can be communi- cated by grafting a normal plant w ith an albino shoot. White leaves resembled imperfectly fed leaves, preserving a sort of lingering vitality from their connection with a healthy plant, without which connection they could not exist." CoFi-EE IN Ceylon. — We learn from our con- temporary, T/ic Colonics ami India, that an insect has appeared in Ceylon which preys on the Hemileia vastatrix, and it is hoped that its introduction may check the present effect the disease has in reducing the crops of Coffee. It is further stated that the new Coftee crop was being gathered at the time the de- spatch was sent away, and the latest advices from the planting districts were satisfactory as to its probable amount. Heavy rains, however, were falling, which might have an unfavourable influence upon the crops. " Liberian Coffee," we are told, " has been grown at an altitude of Soo feet with success, and young plants grown in Ceylon nurseries are being advertised for sale ; but the success of this species of Coffee as a commer- cial speculation is not yet suflSciently tested to confirm all the hopes expressed respecting it." ffinqutrirs. He that questicnetk iiiHch sIutU learn jitiich. — BACON. Glass Cutters. — I should be greatly obliged if some of your correspondents would inform me as to where T can get the glass-cutter (such as is sold at the Old Traf- ford flower shows) and putty-knife combined. C. G. PhloxDrummondii, General Radetzky. — Twenty years ago a pretty striped variety bearing this name was in cultivation, and could be foimd in plant catalogues. It was a singularly prett\' and distinct type, in the regu- larity and harmony of its marking far ahead of the striped varieties of Phlox Drunmiondii now in cultivation. Can any one inform me if it is still in cultivation? At the time referred, to it was propagated by means of cuttings, /;-. ir. Answers to Correspondents. Rooks : A'ortl: Brikm. Hookers Studciil's Flora of the British Islands, published by Macmillan & Co. — R. P. Lindley's Genera ct Species Orchid. For cul- tivated species, ^^'illiams' Orchid Grmoer's Manual, fifth edition (Williams, Victoria Nursery, HoUoway). The book you mention is not likely to be published soon. It will be issued in parts, and nmst be costly. Camellia Leaf : E. S. .\ fusion of two leaves, and a very common occurrence. Gardeners' Apprentices : W. y. C. The licence must be obtained for all gardeners and under-gar- deners — which latter term, we should think, would include garden apprentices. January i8, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 89 Names of Plants : J. MacdonaU. i, Chamoecy- paris nutkaensis variegata — a garden variety : the species is a native of north-west America (Nootka Sound, Sitcha. &c.) ; 2. Tuniperus drupacea, Syria; 3, Juniperus chinensis, China ; 4, Juniperus excelsa, Southern Russia ; 5. Juniperus recurva, Nepal, Blio- tan, &c. ; 6 and 7, Cupressus torulosa. Northern India. — Y. Z. We are unable to name your shrubs without f.awt^x'!..— Subscriber. The leaves are those of Cynometra cauliflora, but we are unable to find any mention of the tree being in any way useful econo- mically.— T. Hanbury. Olearia ramulosa, and Ces- trum i'arqui. — A'. Andrcios. i, Llavea cordifolia ; 2, Asplenium palmatum ; 3, Ccelogyne flaccida ; 4, Epi- dendrum, specimen insufficient. — A. \V. The Kew authorities consider the specimen sent to be typical Adiantum lethiopicum. Could you send us a better specimen either now or later on ? Phylloxera : T. C. We should be glad to hear how you succeed with the measures you have taken for the eradication of this pest. We found plenty of insects on the roots sent. Primulas : W. Foster. Yours is a very fine strain, the flowers being large, richly coloured, and nicely fimbri- ated. Succulents : Ignoramus. Both the Leucophyta Brownii and Mesembryanthcmum cordifolium varic- gatuni will strike freely enough in heat from cuttings during the spring months. The latter plant is some- what difficult to winter ; it requires to be established in pots during summer, and well ripened off in a hot e-xposed situation, and then it may be kept on the shelves of a greenhouse during the winter season, and employed for propagation as spring comes on. Tortoises : S., Rotterdam. They are principally vegetable feeders, very voracious in spring, and not at all particular what they eat. The rest of the year they eat little or nothing. We should certainly object to have half-a-dozcn in our garden, but do not object to one as a pet. Vegetable Caterpillar : \V. Sharpe. The state- ments made by the Rev. Mr. M'Murchy, at the meet- ing of the Perthshire Society of Natural Science, respecting the Vegetable Caterpillar of New Zealand, are so far correct that out of the head of the caterpillar a fungus does grow, but it can hardly be said to resemble a Fern. The fungus growing out of the specimens brought home by Mr. Moseley, the FiC. 12.— SrH/ERIA SINENSIS. naturalist to the Challenger Expedition, was Sphasria sinensis, and the New Zealand plant is described as being similar to it. You will find a note on the sub- ject in our number for March 6, 1875, and an illustra- tion, which we reproduce (fig. 12), Vines : Fern. You should get the hot-water apparatus fixed now, or as soon as convenient, before it is re- quired. To ripen fruit in November the Vines might be allowed to break naturally, without forcing ; but when the shoots are formed, and until the fruit is full-grown, they will come on the better with the aid of a gentle heat. If, however, the Vines are only just planted — that is, not established — you must not look for fruit t'lis year, and should take very little from them next year. Read up our Calendar on Vine ctolture, which, mutatis mutandis, will be found to apply to your case as well as others. *,* Correspondents are specially requested to address, post-paid, all communications intended for publica- tion to the " Editors," and not to any member of the staff personally. The Editors would also be oblige d by such communications being sent as early u - . . Shallots, per lb. .. 06- .. Seakate, per punnet 26-.. Spinach, per bushel 4 o- 5 o Sweet Potatos, per lb. 06-.. Tomatos, per dozen 26-30 Turnips, p. 12 bunch. 30-.. Plants in Pots. s. d. s. d. Arum Lily, or Rich- ardia a;thiop.,doz. 18 0-24 o Azaleas, per dozen., 24 0-60 o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Bouvardias, per doz, 18 0-24 o Camellias, per do7eni8 0-60 o Cinerarias, per doz. 12 0-18 o Cyclamens, per doz. 12 0-30 o Cyperus, per dozen 6 0-12 o Draca:na Icrminalis 30 0-60 o — viridis. per doz. . . 18 0-24 o Epiphyllum, perdoz. 18 c-6o o Erica Caffra, p. doz. 60-90 — gracilis, p. dozen 9 0-12 o — hycmahs, p. doz. 12 0-42 o Euonymus, var., doz. 6 0-18 o Cut Flowers. s. d. s. d. Abutilon, 12 blooms 06-10 Arum Lilies, i2blms. 6 0-18 o Azaleas. 12 sprays .. 10-30 Bouvardias, per bun. 10-40 Camellias, per dozen 3 0-18 o Carnations, per dozen 16-40 Cyclamen, 12 blooms 06-16 Deutzia, 12 bunches 6 0-12 o Epiphyllum, 12 bims. 10-30 Eucharis, per doz. .. 6 0-18 o Gardenias, 12 bims. 12 0-24 o Heliotropes, i2sp. .. 06- i o Hyacinths, 12 spies. 4 0-12 o — Roman, 12 spks. 20-40 Ferns, in var. , p. doz. 4 Ficus elastica, each 2 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each . . ..2 Hyacinths, per doz. 6 Hyacin., Rom, doz.12 Mignonette, per doz. 6 Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 Palms in variety, each . . . . 2 Pelargoniums. scar- lets, zonal doz .. 6 Primulas, per dozen 6 Solanums, per doz. 6 Tulips, per dozen . . 9 d. s. d. 0-18 0 6-1 s 0 O-IO 6 0-18 0 0-18 0 0- 9 0 0-12 0 6-21 0 Q-12 0 o-ia 0 0-18 o 0-18 0 Lilyof Val., I2sprays 3 Mignonette, 12 bun. 12 Narcissus, paper- white, 12 sprays .. 2 Pelargoniums, I2 spr. 2 — zonal, 12 sprays i Primula, double, per bunch .. ..I Roses (indoor), doz. 2 TropaeoUim, 12 bun. 2 Tuberoses, per dozen 3 Tulips, 12 bloon.s . . I Violets, 12 bunches 4 s. d. s. d. 0-00 0-18 o &- 6 o 0-40 o- a o 0-30 0-12 o 0-60 c- 6 o 0-30 &- 9 o SEEDS. London : yan. 15. — No new feature of importance presents itself tliis week in connection with the trade for farm seeds. Values of all descriptions stand at a low level, and the supply proves fully ecjual to the demand. Of ordinary English red Clover the offerings continue liberal ; but unless for choice samples the inquiry is not active. The stock of new American in London is ex- tremely meagre, nor can there for some few weeks be any material increase thereto. The total quantity shipped to this port during the three months ending December 31, 1878, amounted in all to only 2322 bags. Samples of new Canadian red are now to hand ; these show good tjuality both for plumpness and colour. In neither ."Msike. white Clover, nor Trefoil is there any quotable variation. Blue Peas, Haricot Beans, and Lentils, as cheap articles of human food, attract more attention. Spring Tares, being scarce, tend upwards. Bird seeds keep steady. John Shaw &" Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E.C. 02-04 The Potato market is quiet, and without alteration in prices : — Regents, 1005. to 130*. ; Early Rose, noj. to i2c^. per ton. CORN. .\t Mark Lane on Monday trade was very quiet. English Wheat was in short supply, and the better qualities were steady on former terms. Foreign Wheat was very slow of sale, and quotations ruled somewhat in buyers' favour. Fine malting Barley continued very firm, but other kinds supported the rates of last week with dirticulty. .Malt w.as without change. Oats were in limited request, and very little was done in Maize. Quotations as regards both were the same. Beans were Hat at some reduction. Peas were dull, and very few transactions were reported in flour. — Trade on Wednes- day was characterised by quietness. Holders were not o\er an.xious to sell, but there was so little incUnation to buy that a concession was now and then necessary to effect sales. English Wheat was in short supply, foreign Wheat was rather plentiful. Oats were steady ; sound corn being well held. Maize, too, supported previous rates ; but as regards other kinds of produce tlie tendency was downwards. — .Average prices of corn for the week ending Jan. 11 :— Wheat, 39J. 71/. ; Barley, 36.1. III/. ; Oats, 2oi. id. For the corresponding period last year ;— Wheat, 52.?. \d. ; Barley, 43J. %d. \ Oats, CATTLE. At Copenhagen Fields on Monday the supply of beasts was limited, consequently prices advanced a little on the average, although tr.ade was by no means brisk. The number of sheep was large, but trade was very dull, and prices were rather lower. Choice calves were in demand, and the very small number on offer were readily disposed of at enhanced rates. Quotations : — Beasts, 4J. 4^. to y., and 5.;. 411'. to y. lod. ; calves, 5^. 8rf. to 6s. 8d. ; sheep, 5^. 41/. to 5^. 8a'., and 6s. to ys. ; pigs, 3s. 8d. to 41. 8d. per packet, post-free. "A magnificent variety, with fiowcrs the size of a five-shilHng piece." — The Garden. "Intense crimson, good co\onr,"—you}-nal 0/ Horticulture. " Exquisita represents a superb selection with rich crimson flowers, and. in its line of colour it is so good that anything better could not well be dt^\rcd."—Giirdc>iers' ALn^azitic. For full particulars bee STERLING NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London. Garden Seeds. CHARLES TURNER'S Descriptive CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, containing several interesting and valual.ilc novelties. RAILEY'S GREEN-FLESMED MELON "THE SQUIRE."— Great size, delicious flavour. First Prize at the Royal Botanic Society. Per packet, 2s. 6t/. NEW KIDNEY POTATO "EARLY BIRD."-Re- maikably early and fine quality. Indispensable for frame work. First-class Certificate at the International Potato Show, Royal Aquarium. Per peck, los. 6d. ; per lb., is, POTATO " SCHOOLMASTER." — The following few Testimonials from hundreds will show that it is uniformly good in all parts of the country : — " My opinion is that it is one of the very best Potatos we have."— A. F. Barron, Chisivick. *' Your Schoolmaster is the very finest in cultivation for the table, and resists disease better than any Potato I know,"— W. Naish, Wilton. "To my taste I know no Potato equal to Schoohnaster."^ Miss F. MEVtiR, Windermere. " I had two tubers from a friend about two years ago, and from those two tubers I have this year dug 60 bushels." — J. Douglas, Loxfotd Hall. Par peck, 6j. The Royal Nurseiies, Slough. Owing to the Death of WM. CUTHBERT, Esq., Beaufront Castle, Hexham, Northumberland, the Trustees are prepared to receive Private Offers for the valuable Collection of large and handsome Specimen, Half-specimen, and other Plants suitable for the decoration of drawing, dining, and other room?. Also the whole of the PINES, comprising Fruiiers, Succession and Suckers, consisting principally of Queens and Smooth Cayennes. Thay are a fine, strong-grown, healthy lot. Also a lot of STRAWBERRIES in splendid condition for forcing. To anyone contemplating furnishing an establishment the present is an excellent opportunity. Amongst Cool, Intermediate and East Indian ORCHIDS the following are deserving of special mention : — Aerides odoratum ,, suivissimum Brassia verrucosa Calanthe Veiichii ,, vestita luteo-oculata ., ,, rubro-oculata Catlleya intermedia ,, Lcipoldii ,, LodJigesii ,, Jlossite Ccelogyne cristata Dendrobijm album ,, devnnianum ,, nobile ,, thyrsifloruin La;Iia autumnalis L^lia Dayana „ purpurata Lycaste aroraatica ,, cruenta ,, Skinneii Odontoglossum crispum ,, c:rrhosum ,, citrosmum roseum ,, Insleayi Oncidium sphacelatum ,, varicosum ,, tlgrinum Saccolabium Blumei Sophronites grandifloia Trichopilia suavis ,, tortihs Zygopetalum crinitum The following amongst STOVE PLANTS suitable for exhi- bition purposes. The Crotons are handsome specimens from "5 feet high and 4J2' through to half-specimens. Anthurium Scherzeriar.um Croton variegatum „ pictum ,, angiistifolium „ majesticum „ Veitchii Dracaena Fraseri ,, Hendersoni ,, Mooreana ,, excelsa ,, nigro vulnera Cooper i Euchari^ amazonica Euphorbia splendens Ixora coccinea superba Maranta roseo-picta ,, Veitchii „ zebrina Rondeletia speciosa major Stephanotis fluribunda Urceolina aurea Begonias and Gloxinias Also Tree and other Ferns. The GREENHOUSE PLANTS comprise Palms, specimen and half-specimen trained Azalea indica, bristling with buds; Epacris, Dracisnas, Camellias finely set with buds ; also a fine lot of scarlet tuberous Begonias, &;c. Inspection invited, and full pariiculars given to intending purchasers on application to the HEAD GARDENER, Beaufront Castle, Hexham, Northumberland. SEEDLINGS, SEEDLINGS. 2,000,000 Native LARCH, i-yr. 5oo,coQ Tyrolese LARCH, i-yr. 1,000,000 Native Scotch FIR, i-yr. 500,000 Native Scotch FIR, 2-yr. 1,000,000 Spruce FIR, 2-yr. 100,000 Silver FIR, 2-yr. 200,000 Silver FIR, 3-yr. Coo.ooo BEECH, i-yr. 150,000 BIRCH, I-yr. joojooo BIRCH, 2-yr, 500,000 ALDER, I-yr. 100,000 ALDER, 2-yr. 400,000 PINUS AUSTRIACAand LARICIO, i-yr. and z-yr. 50,000 LABURNUM, i-yr. 100,000 SYCAMORE, i-yr. 200,000 THURN QUICK. I-yr. 200,000 THORN QUICK., 2-yr. The above are generally of first-class quality. Prices and sample on application to MICHAEL BURKE. Drumlargan and Garadice Nurseries, Co. Meath, Kilcock, Ireland. SEED POTATOS. SUTTON'S MAGNUM BONUM, 3 tons (sample sack 22^ I EARLY GODERICH, ■>, tons (sample sack. i6i.). SUTTON'S REDSKIN FLOURDALL, 2 tons [sample sack, I2.S.). A sample sack (i68 lb.) of each sort will be for- warded to an intending purchaser (new sack included) upon receipt of the above amounts. ARTHUR BULL, Bernard House, Cottenham, Cambs. Early Peas for Marketing. THE BEST EARLY PEA IS QUTTON'S IMPROVED EARLY )0 CHAMPION.— Extensively used by the principal Pea Growers. Ten days earlier than Daniel O'Rourke ; very prolific, good quality. Also : — Sutton's Racehorse Prizetakcr Champion of England Veitch's Perfection Invicta First and Best Forty fold Advancer. Price per bushel and quarter on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. Special Offer. WBALL AND CO., Bedford Road Nursery, • Northampton, having a very large stock of the imdcr- nientioned TREES, &c., in fine condition for removal, have much pleasure in offering them at the following low prices : — ASH, 2 to ■2\^ feet, fine, \%s. per 1000. BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, i to iM foot, very fine, X2S. per 1000. ELMS, Canadian, 8 to 10 feet stems, with good heads, loos. per 100. ,, English {upright), 6 to 7 feet stems, fine, with good heads, gas. per 100. HORNBEAM, 2 to 3 feet, fine, 20^. per 1000. LIMES, 3 to 9 feet, very fine, 50J. per 100; g to 11 feet, ditto, 70J. per 100. PRIVET, common. 2 feet, bushy, \qs. per loco. „ OVALIFOLIUM, 3 to 4 feet, very fine, 505. per 1000. WALNUTS, 6 to 7 feet stems, nice heads, (->qs. per 100. CHERRIES, Morello, dwarf-trained, splendid stuff, xZs. p. doz. APRICOTS. Moorpark, dwarf-trained, splendid stuff, iqs. par dozen. ROSES, extra fine standards, large heads, fine varieties, 4 feet stems, no better in the trade, our selection, 70J. p. 100. APPLES fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, 60J'. per 100. PEARS, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, 70J. per 100. General CATALOGUE of Seed and Herbaceous Plants post- free on application. SAMUEL AND JAMES SMITH (late J. SMITH, Sen.), Tansley Nurseries, Matlock, Derby, beg to olTer at prices, viz. : — At per 1000. ASH, Mountain, 2 to 3 feet, 175,; 3 to 4 feet, 255. ; 4 to 5 feet, 30J : 6 to 8 feet. 8oj. ; 8 to 10 feet, lOos. BEECH. 2 to 3 feet, 25^.: 3 to 4 feet. 30J. ; 4 to 5 feet, 40J. CHESTNUT, Spanish, i to r}^ foot, i8i.; \\i to 2 feet, 30J. FIR, SPRUCE, 9 to 12 inches, roi.; t to lU foot, 14J.; 2-yr , T^. PINUS MARITIMA, 9 to 12 inches, los.; 2-yr., 31. LIMES, 4 to s feet, 801. POPLAR, Italian, 3 to 4 feet, 25J.: 2-yr., loj. ; Ontario, 2 to 3 feet, 20^. ; 4 to 6 feet, 50?.; 2-yr., 10s.; Siiver, 3 to 4 feet, 40^. PRIVET, Evergreen, 2-yr., -js. Yellow-berried, i to 1J2 foot, r5J. : ij!< to 2 feet, 20^. SNOWBERRY, i (o iji foot, 151.; iK to 2 f=et, 20i.; 2-yr., ^s. SYCAMORE. ij< to 2 feet, 15J.; 2 to 3 feet, 20.'. WILLOW. Bitter, 2 to 3feet, 20J.; 2-yr., icj. ; Huntingdon, 3 to 4 feet, 25J. : 2-yr,, \os. BROOM, I-yr., 3 J.; 2-yr.,4J,; Spanish, 2-yr. , 6j. CORSE. 2-yr., 41. DOGWOOD, Red. 2 to 3 feet, 8oj.: 3 t04 feet, looi. LONICEi 1S73. " Dear Sir,— In answer to your enquiries respecting the Hydraulic Ram you ^upplied me with six months ago, I beg to state th:.t I am more than satisfied with it. as it is in perfect order, sendin;^ up to the top of the house about 2000 gallons of water in the tweniy-four hours, whereas you only contracted to deliver in that time 500 gallons. I have, therefore, every reason to be well pleased with your work, and more especially as I had a Ram supplied me by another maker which could not send up a single gallon of water to the height required, and a second maker informed me that no Ram with a fall of 3 feet cotdd send up water to the distance required, namely, 120 feet But yours is an accomplished fact, and does its work most effectually. — I am, yours truly, L. Hanmek." From John Taylor, Esq., The Rocks, Bath, Aug. 22, 1878. " The Self-acting Hydraulic Ram you fixed here in March ol last year continues to work well. It has only the same quantity of water and fall to work it as the water-wheel and pump which I used previously to force to a height of 394 feet, and yet the Ram sends up more than double the quantity of water than the wheel did to the same height." FrtJfff John Pennington, Esq., Evimoit Hall, neat Colne, December -lit 1868. " Sir. — The Self-acting Hydraulic Ram you supplied me with nine months ago continues in excellent condition. It receives water from a spring through a 2-inch pipe, of which it forces 3600 gallons per day of twenty-four hours to a height of 90 feet, exceeding all you promised, and far surpassing the water-wheel and force pumps which it has displaced. Its cost is small, it occupies but little space (2 square feet), and in mechanical detail is simplicity itself. I have much pleasure in recom- mending it as a cheap and ef^cient method of raising water," JOHN BLAKE, ENGINEER, ACCRINGTON. TIFFANY and ELASTIC NETTING (REGISTERED) — It is now twenty-five years since we introduced the article we called " SHAWS Tl FFAN Y " lor horticultural shading and protecting, and up to the present all imitations have fallen short of the beauty, texture, and utility of the article. Our immense sale enables us at all times to put it on the market at a lower price than any other house. TifTany and Elastic Netting (REGISTERED), with Canvas and all other Shading and Protecting Mat<;rials, manufactured and sold by JOHN SHAW AND CO., 39, Oxford Street, Manchester. Samples and prices on application. Rosher's Garden Edging Tiles. 1HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS made in materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially .^,y^...,,,.y.tm,f,^-^ suited for KITCHEN ^;^^-"^^ GARDENS, as they fe^^ harbour no Slugs or Insects, "^-^^^.^ ^ take up little room, and ^ once put down, incur no i^^ further labour or expense, ■ ^ as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c.. in Artificial Stone, Tcry durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO, Manufacturers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfriars, 3.E. ; Kmg's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ; Kmgsland Road. E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES," PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING liOXES : also for FOXLEVS PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL CRICKS. Illustrated Price Li ts free by Post. The Trade supplied. /^ARNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, Vy for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c. , from 3.r. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheets of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings. Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kind^-. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates. Cement &c. T. ROSHER AND CO . Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. QILVER SAND, k_7 fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by Post per Ton or Truckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see aSove. N.B.- Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. G E E E N^ PATENT WROUGHT-IRON HOT-WATER BOILERS, Wilh Shelves or Tubes, and Hollow G?-a/e Bars, SADDLE BOILERS with Waterway Backs, and WELDED BOILERS. Specially adapted for Heating Greenhouses, Conservatories, Churches. Chapels. School^, Public Buildings, Entrance Halls, Warehouses, Workshops, &c. T/uy are the Neatest. Cheapest, Most Elective, and J)urabl€ of any extant. FftOXI £LLVAI10H LONCtTUDINAL SECTION CROSS SECTION Descriptive Illustrated Price LIST may be had free on application to THOMAS GREEN & SON, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS. LEEDS; and 54and 5;. BEACKFRIARS ROAD. LONDON, S.E. S T E V !E W S ' TRENTHAM GREENHOUSE BOILER, After Ion» experience, has proved the mo=t SIMPLE. ECONOMICAL, EFFECTUAL, and LASllNG BOILER extant ; recently improved. See Testimonials from Highest Authorities. For Illustrations, with full particulars, aoplv to the Sole Makers, F. & J. SILVESTER. HOT-WATER E N G I N E E R S, &c., &c., Castle Hill Works, Newcastle, Staffordshire. S^ Our Boilers are the only ones made with the sanction and under the inspection of the inventor, Mr. Stevens — all others being base imitations. ARCHANGEL AND PETERSBURG MAT MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. T BLACKBURN and SONS ei • can now supply HEAVY PETERSBUKG MATS, and all the usual kinds for covering and packing. ARCHANGEL MATS specially quoted. Price Lists of all on application at 4 and 5, Wormwood Street. London, E.C. N. B. Buyers please stale if Mats are required for covering, packing, or tying, and the goods will be selected accordingly. ANDERSON'S RUSSIA MATS For COVERING, TYING, and PACKING, are highly reconimended for durability and cheapness. De- scriptive Catalogue sent post-free on application. SACKS and BAGS of every description. TARPAULINS, HORSE- Cl.OI'HS. ROPES. LINES, and TWINES.— JA.MES T. ANDERSON, 149, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E. ARCHANGEL, |V/IA-T-Q PETERSBURG PACKLNG IVIA I O ETC. KAFFIA for TYING, TRAINING STICKS and LABELS, Bamboo Canes, Vu-giii Cork, &^c. C. J. BLACKITH and CO., COX'S QUAY. LOWER THAMES STREET. LONDON. Indestructible Terra-Cotta Plant Markers. MAW AND CO.'S PATENT.— Prices, Printed Patterns, and Specimens, sent post- free on application ; also Patterns of Ornamental Tile Pave- ments for Conservatories, Entrance Halls. Sec. MAW AND CO., Benthall Works, Broseley. Under the Patronage of the Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. J. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BLACK-PACED LETTERS. The Gardeners' Magazitic says: — "We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH. The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon. HELLIWELL'S PATENTED NEW SYSTEM of AIR ard WATER-TIGHT IMPERISHABLE GLAZING. All Woodwork is covered, ar.d no outside Painting is required. Old Roofs Reglazed. Any one can repair or take in pieces. *' It is suitable for Railway Stations. Mills, Weaving Sheds, t'tc , but is specialty applicable to Conservatories, J'lant H^'uses, and Orchard Houses, and we should be very much ii clin*'d to try the sy.-tem. It is certainly worth lookiug to." — ■J /u- Bui Jer. " And will, in our opinion, supersede any other similar system before the public." — Building A'r^t'i. "It seems to meet the tnd in view more nearly than any- thing we have seen yet." — The Field. " The patent has given high satisfaction to every one using it."— The Christian Union. " Convincingly prove the new Glazing Svstem to be worthy the attention of readers of the Keys '07ie." — The Keystone. For Estimates, Drawings, or Particulars, apply to the Patentee. T. W. HELLIWELL, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; or, 19, Parliament Street, London, W.C. GREENHOUSE LIGHTS, FRAME LIGHTS, PIT LIGHTS. All sizes in Stock or in progress. Made of best material^ glazed or nnglazed, 6 feet by 3 feet 10,^:4 inches, painted three times, glazed with 21-oz. English g'ass, its. each. Special price for a quantity. Carriage free. Packing free. Estimates for any size and quantity given. BOULTON & PAUL, H O R T I C U L T U R .\ L BUILDERS, NORWICH. Legion of Honour (Paris Exhibition) : Gold Medal. W. H. LASCELLES, H O R T I C U L T U R .X L BUILDER, 121, BUNHILL ROW. LONDON, E.C. Patent Bent Wood Curved Qreenhonses and Conservatories. ILLUSTRATED SHEETS sent post-free, and Estimates given for all kinds of HorticuUiir.-il Work, with^'iit charge. January i8, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 93 5 jC-\ r-j g-y K-iJ BECKETT BROS., Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers. Patentees & Manufacturers of the Self-adjusting Throttle Valve, now so much in use for Horticultural purposes. See Ilhi^trated CATALOGUE, Two Stamps, Designs and Estimates on application. Works : ANCHOR STREET. CHELMSFORD. BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, Patentees and Manufacturers of Wrought Iron CONTINUOITS BAR FENCING, Iron Hurdles, Strained Wire Fencing, Field and Entrance Gates, Tree Guards, Sic, VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON, and 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London, E.C. Catalogues free on application. TERRA-COTTA more durable than Stone.— Vases, Tazzas, Flower Trays, Pedestals, Balustrades, Brackets. Terminals. Cornices, &c. For designs and prices, apply to JOHN M. BLASHFIELD, 42, Berners Street, W. BOULTON & PAUL, :\IANUFACTURHRS OF NEW and IMPROVED POULTRY FENCES. JOHN BOWMAN, Timber and Mahogany Importer and Merchant, HORTICULTURAL BUILDER, WEST END STEAM JOINERY, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE. GREENHOUSES complete, from £10 to £1000. Portable Box with One Light, 6 feet by 4 feet, glazed ) 16 02. sheet glass, and painted four coats . . . . [ -^^ ' Portable Box with Two Lights, as above, each Light ) g 6 feet by 4 feet ) ^ * Estimates given for Conservatories and Green- houses of every kind. Well-seasoned Materials and First-class Workmanship guttra}it€cd. This fence is a much stronger desciiption of fencing than the lattice panels with loose standards, and is more portable, being made in lengths 6 feet long with double pronged feet. A run or pen can be formed of any length or shape without extra cost ; it is easily fixed or removed ; the gate can be placed in any part of the fence. r» Prices : — 6 feet high, including all necessary Bolts and Nuts 5J, per yard. Doorway complete, 2 feet wide, ir.cluding Standards and Arched Stay 133-. 6(/. each. Angle-iron Pillars for Corners, with Cast Orna- nients ^ 3^. each. Carriage paid on orders of 40J. value. Orders executed on receipt NEW POULTRY LIST, with Illustrations, on application. BOULTON AND PAUL, Norwich. TheThames Bank Iron Company OLD BARGE WHARF, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.B., Have the largest and most complete stock in the Trade ; upwards of ;£2o,ooo worth to choose from. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, And all CASTINGS for HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. Their New Illustrated Catalogue, Zth Edition, now ready {price Sixpence). Hot-water Apparatus erected complete, or the Materials supplied at Wholesale Prices. SPECIALITY II ORAI&E MAEMALABE, THE SEVILLE ORANGE MARMALADE IS PREPARED ONLY EY JOHN MOIR & SON, LONDON, ABERDEEN, and SEVILLE, At their FACTORY in SEVILLE, under Patent from H.M. ALFONSO XII,, KING of SPAIN. All OTHER Brands of Marmalade are prepared in the old way. Pots and Lotties will be wrapped in pink paper and stamped, as shown in the Daily Nc%vs, January 1,4, 13, 15, and 17. THE SOLE HIGHEST AWARD AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION, FOR GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. THE SILVER MEDAL And the Report of the Jury tliat J. B. BROWN & CO.'s Netting was the Finest in the Exhibition. Also the Sole Highest Awards at Vienna, 1873, Philadelphia Centennial, 1876, and wlierever the Netting has beett exhibited. Prices per Lineal Yard, 24 in. high: — Size of Mesh. Mostly used for & « 0 Or Light. 0 Or Medi- um. 'i Or Strong. 2 in. l|in. liin. Dogs or Poultry . Small Rabbits. &c. Sm.iUcst Rabbits. 19 19 3\d. 18 18 18 45,/. 5;./. 17 17 17 51J. '.' IRON HtJRDLES. IRON B.'\R and WIRE FENC- rNG, GATES, &c. FRUIT ESPALIER and WALL WIRING MATERIALS. PRICE LISTS free on application. J. B. BROWN & CO., 90. CANNON STREET, LONDON. GOLD MEDAL AWARDED TO fj. J. THOMAS & CO. Paris Exhibition, 1878. For Wire applied to HortiCAltural Purposes. FITTINGS for WIRING WALLS. NEW and IMPROVED SYSTEM. The foUowing prices give the total cost of each line of wire, including holdfasts, straining bolt, intermediate guiding eyes, 10 feet apart, and best quaUty galvanised wire :— Length of Wall — 20 yds. 40 yds. 60 yds. 80 yds. 100 yds s. d, s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. No. 14 Guage Wire 10 17 21 27 31 No. 13 ,, ,, I 3 I 10 2 5 3 o 3 7 Illustrated Lists, with full particulars of the above and Fittings for Espaher Trainers, on very economical principles, free on application. Five per cent, discount allowed for prompt cash on Orders amounting to 20J, and upwards. Special quotations for larger quantities. J. J. THOMAS & CO., Paddlngton Iron and Wireworks, 285 and 362, EDGWARE ROAD. LOxVDON, W. P.O. Orders to be made payable at 310, Edgware Road. MAIN'S WALL FITTINGS and ESPALIERS New Improvements and Reduced Prices for the Season 1878 to 1879. Per dozen— J. s, ', 3 feet 8 inches. iZs. ; 4 feet, is. All 12 inches wide. Tldcombe's Patent Gravel-walk Metal Scraper Mats are suitable for Mansions, Villas, French Casements, Conservatories, Hothouses, Greenhouses, Flower Gardens, Kitchen Gardens, Places of Worship, Colleges, Schools, Manufactories, Hotels, Public Institutions, and all Entrances leading from Sandy, Gritty, or Gravel Walks. Delivered on Railway on receipt of re- mittance, payable to G. TI DCOMBE and SON.Watford, Herts, THE IMPROVEMENT OF LANDED ESTATES, By DRAINAGE, ENCLOSING. CLEARING, The ERECTION of FARM BUILDINGS and COTTAGES, WATER SUPPLY. &c. The Land Loan and Enfranchisement Co, (Incorporated by Special Act of Parliament) ADVANCES MONEY: TSt. — To the OWNERS of SETTLED and OTHER ESTATES, for the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages, and for the Drainage, Irrigation, Enclosing, Clearing and General Improvement of Landed Property in any part of the United Kingdom. 2d.— To the OWNERS of SETTLED ESTATES in ENGLAND, for the Erection or Completion of Mansions, Stables, and Outbuildings, and for the Construction or Erection of Reservoirs, and other Works of a permanent nature, to supply Water f jr the u-;e of the Estate, or for any other purpoiie. 3d— To LANDOWNERS generally, to enable them to subscribe for Shares in Conipmies for the Construction of R.iil- ways and Navig.ible Canals, which will beneficially affect their Estates. 4th.— To INCUMBENTS, for the Improvement of their Glebe Lands, by Drainage, and the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages. 5th.— To COPYHOLDERS, for the Enfranchisement of Copyhold Lands. The amount borrowed, with the expenses, would be charged on the Estate benefited, and repaid by a rent-charge, termi- nating in twenty -five years. No Investigation of the Landowner's Title is necessary. Forms of application, and all further particulars may be obtained of Messrs. RAWLENCE and SQUAREY, 22, Great George Street. Westminster, S.W., and Salisbury; of Messrs. ASHURST, MORRIS, CRISP and CO.. 6. Old Jewry, London. E.C. : of Messrs. GILLESPIE and PATERSOK. W.S., 81A. George Street, Edinburgh. Agents for the Company in Scotland ; and at the Offices of the Company, as below. T. PAIN, Managing Director. _ EDWIN GARROD, Secretary, Land Loan and Enfranchisement Company, 22, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W. Accidents Occur Daily— Accidents of all Kinds Provided against by a Policy ot the P>AILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE i' COM PAN v.— The Oldest and Largest Accidental Assurance Company. The Right Hon. Lord Kinnaird, Chairman. Subscribed Capital, ^i.oco.ooo. Annual Inconie. ;f;2i4,ooo. A fixed sum in case of Death by Ac^-ident, and a Weekly Allowance in the event of Injury, may be secured at moderate Premiums. Bonus allowed to Insurers of five years' standing. ;^i, 350,000 have been paid as compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or 64, CornhiU. London. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. Farms, Estates, Residences. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and six halfpenny stamps for postage, addrc'^sed " Midland Counties Herald Office, Birmingham.'' The Midland Counties UeralJ always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to bd Let. H E CULTIVATO R.— A Portuguese Monthly Agricultural Journal, which circulates in Poriusjal and her possessions, and in the Principal Towns of the Brazils. TJiis paper offers an excellent medium for Advertisements of every description of industry and of every article of Consump- tion in the countries and places above mentioned. Advertising charges, S^. per square inch, Translation included. Ten per cent. IJiscount for six months ; 20 per cent. Discount for twelve months, if paid in advance. Address, the Editor of the Ciiltivator, St. Michael's, Azores. Belgian. BULLETIN d'ARB OR! CULTURE, , de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI- CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1S65 by F. EuRVENicir, F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and J-f. J. Van HuLLE, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Government at Ghent. Post paid, los. per annum. H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent. Belgium. ■Works on Botany, by Dr. Lindley. QCHOOL BOTANY; or, THE Rudiments KJ of Botanicai, Science. In One Volume, 8vo, half bound, with 400 Illustrations, price ^s. 6d. THE ELEMENTS of BOTANY, Struc- tural and PinsiOLOGiCAL. With a Glossary of Technical Terms and numerous Illustrations, gs. cloth. 'I his completes the series of Elementary Botanical Works by Professor Lindi.ky, of which School jSotany and The I'e^etable Kinedojii form the other parts. The First two Parts of The Elements of Botany, comprising Structural and Physiological Botany, and a Glossary of 'Jechni- cal Terms, are published in one 8vo volume, price g^. These three Parts form a complete Manual of Botany for Medical and other Students who h.ave made them.selves acquainted with the Author's School Botany, N.B. The Glossary maybe had separately, price 5,?. London: BRADBURY, AGNEW, and CO., Bouverie Street, E.C. THE SYDNEY MAIL NEW SOUTH WaTeS ADVERTISER. CONTENTS .•— INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS. SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorpor.ited BELL'S LIFE m SYDNEY. RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF. CRICKET and AQUATICS. THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Drawn and Engr.ived specially for this Journal.) NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.) AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE. GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally. STOCK and SHARE REPORTS. ORIGINAL .and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRALIAN AUTHORS. THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY. INDOOR AMUSEMENTS. THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE. COMMERCIAL NEWS. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia. &c. It contains a large amount of information on a Rreat variety of subjects. Suljscription In Advance, £1 per Annum. Single Copies, ^d. ; Stamped, ^d. Publishing Office — Hunter Street, Sydney. New South Wales. ENGLAND. The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS, which must be paid in advavce, for tl:e SYDNEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :— London Mr. George Street, 30, CornhiU, E.C. Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, E.C. Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street, Fleet Street, E.C. Birmingham .. Mr. R. S. Kirk, 90, New Street. LiVERPuOL Lee & Nightmgale, 15, North John Street. Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance Buildings. Edinburgh Robertson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street. Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange Place. Copies of each Journal are fifed at the above Offices for the use of Advertisers, Price 6d. , Monthly. THE GARDENER. Edited by DAVID THOMSON, Author of " Handy Book of the Flower Garden," &c., Aided by a Staff of Practical Gardeners. The Number for January contains :— Our Supply of Apples and Pears— Hardy Fruits— Economical Kitchen Gardening— Lapagcrias (alba and rosea)— Decorative Greenhouse Plants (the Azaleas)— Ornamental Trees and Shrubs : Tilia (the Lime tree) — Mignonette for Winter Forcing — The Amateur's Garden — Tuberoses for Winter Flowering— Notes on the Culture of the Hollyhock— Strawberries in Autumn and Winter— Lessons in Drawing, &c., for Young Gardeners: No. XXIII. —Hardy Winter Gardening— Change of Soil for Fruit-Trees, Roses, &:c. —The Culford Vine Sport— Notes on Potato Crop of 1878— Double White Hepatica?— Scottish Horticultural Association- Royal Horticultural Society. Sent free by po.st, js. per Annum. WILLIAM BLACKWOOD and SOxVS, London and EdinbuTgli. EVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural Review). — Among the principal Contributors are :— A. Allard, E. Andre, C. Baltet, T. Buchetet, F. Burverich, F. Cre'pin. Comte de Gomer, De Jonge van Ellemcet, O. de Kerchove de Denterghem. P. E. de Puydt, C. de Vis, J. Gillon. A. M. C. Jongkindt Coninck, C. Koch, J. Kicks, L, Linden, T. Moere, C. Naudin, B. Oliver, H. Ortgies, E. Pynaert, E. Rodigas, A. Siraux, O. Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J, VanVolxem, H. J, Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein. This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month, in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous Engravings. lerms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year, loj. , payable in advance. Publishing Office ; 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium, Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT, at the Chief Post-office, Ghent. 1^ ADVERTISERS are requested to note that although 2ve do not object to 7'eccive Letters to be called for^ we caunot undertake tofo}'7vardthem. ANTED, a PARTNERSHIP, in a Nursery and Seed Business,— F. E., 31, Lavender Grove Battersea, S.W. ' w ANTED, a HEAD WORKING GARDENER.— Will any Lady or Gentleman kindly reconimend a i^Ian for above situation. Ten men under him. Ma-ried man without family preferred.- H. B., Norton Priory) Runcorn. WANTED, on February 9, a GARDENER, who understands Plant-houses and Outdoor Garden ins.— Apply by letter, stating wages, to A. B., Mr. Jordan 13, High .Street, Croydon. ' ANTED, a GARDENER, at Lee. Will be required to look after a horse and clean boots and knives : Kitchen Garden and small Greenhouse. Wages, 235. per week, increasing to 255.— Apply, by letter, to C. H.. Crown Whirf, Deptford. S.E. ANTED, a WORKING FLOWER GARDENER, at the Arboretum HydroDathic Esta- blishment, Leamington. Will have to keep the' house well supplied with Flowers. Dinner-table Decorated daily. Compe- tent for Growing for Exhibition if required. Cottage only found —State salary required, references, &c., to Dr. OWENS Leamington. ANTED, an UNDER GARDENER, to undertake the care of a Cow. Wife must be a thoroughly good Laundress. Cottage provided. Good characters indispensable.— Apply by letter, to Mr. FROST 6, Westminster Chambers, Victoria Street, S.W. ANTED, an UNDER GARDENER, who must fully understand Management of Glasshouses and also of Herbaceous and Alpine Plants.— Apply, by letter only, with full particulars, to J. B. W., Pottle & Son, Roya E-\-change, London, E.C. WANTED, experienced and competent Man as NURSERY FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR and SALESMAN. Wages, 20J. per week, vegetables &.C ~ Apply to J. MITCHINSON. Seed Merchant. Truro. ' ' ANTED, a FOREMAN for the Glass Department -Eleven Houses, with a fine Collection of Plants. Must be well up in the Culture, Propagation and Value of Plants. Wages 25^. per week, house and co'al — JOHN SHAW & CO., Stamford Nursery. Bowdon, Cheshire. TX/'ANTED, a young Man as PLANT I » GROWER in the Houses, under the Foreman State wages required.— E. COOLING, Mile Ash Nurseries, Derby. ANTED, a MAN for the Houses, ac- customed to Potting, Watering, &c. ; also able to Pack. —Apply, stating wages, &c., to WM. ABRAHAM, Nursery- man, Limerick. WANTED, in Berkshire, uithm 25 miles of London, a GARDEN LABOURER, who could take charge of two or three Cows.— Must be active and industrious married, without young children. Wife to give an hour's help' daily in Dairy. Wages i8j. per week, an allowance of coals and three rooms in farm buildings —Apply, by letter statin"- from whom character can be h.ad, to M.P., Grosvenor Library Chapel Street, Belgrave Square, London, W. ' ^TTANTED, a young Man as SHOP > t _ CASHIER, in a lar.;c Retail Seed Establishment. One with a knowledge of Farm Seeds preferred. Security required— H. J., Gardentrs Clironklc Office. W.C. WANTED, immediately, an active young Man .as HEAD COUNTERMAN; must have had good experience m the execution of Vegetable and Flower Seed orders. State where last employed, wages required to DICKSON, BROWN, and TAIT. SeedMarket, Mlnchester Nursery Clerk. WANTED, as Junior, a Young MAN who has been accustomed to Nursery Orders, Invoicing, &c. ; must be a good and quick penman Apply, stating references, w.iges expected, &c., to DANIELS BROS., Town Close Nurseries, Norwich. January i8, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 95 Ss&d TrSids WANTED, an ASSISTANT SHOPMAN. Must be sober, steady, and obliging, with a knowledge of the Nursery Business. Wages, 2ii-. per week.— W. BARRON AND SON, Seedsmen, Nottingham. ANTED, in a Wholesale and Retail Provincial Seed Establishment, a Young MAN of good address, as Improver, to wait in Shop and make himself gene- rally useful : one who has some knowledtre of the Nursery Trade preferred.— Apply by letter, to SEEDSMAN, Hurst & Son, 6, Leadenhall Street, London, E.G. Seed Trade. WANTED, immediately, a respectable YOUTH to Assist at the Counter and make himself generally useful.— H. A., Gardners Chronide Office, W.C. WANT PLACES. E. G. HENDERSON AND SON have many excellent GARDENERS with approved testimonials for ability now wailing in their Nurseries for re-engagement. E. G. H. & Son will be pleased to answer any enquiries from Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring such. — Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale, London, W. BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he • has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities will he made. — Holloway. N. JOHN COWAN, The Vineyard Md t" Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, wishes to recommend a first-rate Scotch GARDENER, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may require such. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept — Age 25, single ; three years in present situation, — T. AVERY, Gardens, Allestree Hall, Derby. ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical Man, and where ihiee or four are kept. — Age 28 : excellent references. — • F. S, , The Gardens, Ottershaw Park, Chertsey, Surrey. r.|ARDENER (He.\d, or good Single- \-^ handed). — Understands Forcing Vires, Cucumbers, &c. : also Flower and Kitchen Gardens.— J. D. WING, North Moreton, Wallingford, Berks. ARDENER (He.\d), to any Lady or Gentleman requiring anexperienced Gardener.— Married; can also undertake General Management if required. First- class character.— HORTUS, Mr. Cooper, Bridge Street, Godalming. ARDENER (Head).— Age 27, single ; understands the Forcing of all kinds of Fruit, the culiiva- tion of Orchids and Choice Plants generally ; also Vegetable and Flower Gardening. Can be well recommended. — A. B., Mr. W. J. Cross. Ford Nursery, Salisbury. (^ARDENER (He.\D). — Age 35, married, V-^ Wife 36. three children (ages 7, 6, 4) ; eighteen years' good practice in all branches, both Early and Late Forcing. Two years' good character fror.i last place. Cause of leaving giving up of the Establishment.— W., 11, Stanley Street, Plaistow, Essex. /^ARDENER (Head), where two or more v.* are kept.— Age 32 ; married. Six years' good personal character.— AV. B.. 4, Albert Terrace, Defoe Road, Lower Tooting, Surrey, S.W. r^ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gen- V.^ tleman requiring the services of a thorough practical man. — Age 30, married ; has had t-ixteen years' experience in the culture of Vines, Stove and Greenhouse. Flower and Kitchen Gardening.— M.. 6, East Street. Epsom. r^ARDENER (HEAD).-Age 45 ; twenty-five V-^ years' experience in Early Forcing of Fruits and Flowers. Been used to large staff of men.— A. B., Ogbourne Maizev Marlborough. To Noblemen and Gentlemen. (^ARDENER (Head,).— Age 31, married.- >-^ G. Lane, four years Head Gardener to the late Sir Frederick Williams, Bart., 11. P. Leaving through the estab- lishment being broken up. Experienced in all the branches requisite for a Gentleman's establi!hment. namely, the Flower and Kitchen Garden, Early and Late Forcing of Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers.— Goonvua Perran-ar-worthal, Corn- Wall /^ARDENER (Head).— Age 28 ; thoroughly V.^^ ^ understands the profession in all its branches. Twelve years' experience. Four years' excellent recommendation as Foreman from last situation, reference also from Mr Penny Sandringham.— W. L , Lythe Hill, Hazlemere. Surrey. /':^ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 31, V.^ married ; thoroughly understands Forcing Vines Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, &c. ; Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening.— E. H ■: Aseill Cottages, Richmond, Surrey. ' ^' ^ (^ARDENER (Head, Working), where one V^ cr more are kept.— Undeistands Vines, Stove Green- h)u5e Plants, Kitchen and Flower Garden. Good character ^om present situation.— Address, stating wages, D. W Ulev House, near Dursley, Gloucestershire. ' (^ARDENER (Head, Working), where V^ two or three are kept.-Age 31. married; four years' good character.— WM. ANDREWS, West End, Stoke. (HI ARDENER (He.\d, Working).— Age 27, V-^ married, no family; understands the Cultivation of I'ruit, Mowers and Vegetables. Eleven years' good character from last situation.-J. HALLETT, Brymore Lodge, Cannington, near Bridgwater. GARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 38, married ; well up in Early and Late Forcing. Wife good Laundress. Good character. — GARDENER, Albion House, Leighton Buzzard, Beds. ARDENER (Head, Working), where three or more are kept. — Age 32. married, no family ; total abstainer ; good practical knowledge of the profession. Excellent character. — E. J., T. Jackson & Son, Nurserymen, Kingston, Surrey. To Noblemen and Gentlemen. GARDENER (Head, Working).— Married, no incumbrance : has a thorough knowledge of the profession in all its branches, also Meadow Land and Cattle. Several years' good character. Wife could take the INLinage- ment of Dairy, Poultry, .or Lodge. — L. M., Brydon's, Stationer, Kingston, Surrey. GJ.ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 34; ^ married ; thoroughly understands the Forcing of Vines, Peaches, Pines, Melons, Cucumbers, the Cultivation of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, practical Flower and Kitchen Gardener. Has had nineteen years' experience; first-class character. — H. H., 33. Hargrave Road. Upper Holloway, N. ARDENER (Head, Working), to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly practical and energetic man, who is well up in all branches of Gardening. — Age 40. Three years and eight months good character from last place : four years previous. — JAMES ASKHEM, Cheapside, Sunning Hill, Staines. ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 35, married ; thoroughly experienced in Growing Early and Late Grapes and Forcing all kinds of Choice Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables very successfully ; Management of a Large Kitchen and Flower Garden. Can be highly recommended from present and previous employers.— G. S. L., 39, Marton Street, Leamington. GJ.ARDENER (Head, Working), * where two or more are kept. — Middle-aged, married ; understands Greenhouse, Vines. Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers. Early Forcing, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, and Land if required. Leaving through the breaking up of the establish- ment. Fourteen years' good character. — Address, stating wages, &c., THOS. FARROW, Brigadier Hill, Enfield, N. ARDENER (Single), age 2L— The Rev. Dr. Fell wishes to find a situation for a Gardener whom he can strongly recommend. He understands Gardening in all its branches.— Apply, as above, WorUham Rectory, Alton, Hants. GARDENER (Under).— Age 23 ; under Glass preferred. Good experience, good character. — R. B. , Pencotts House, Merton, Surrey. OREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— Age 32 ; well experienced in Roses, Rhododendrons, Clematis, Azaleas, Vines, also Soft-wooded Plants. Good references — H., 4 Verandah Cottages, North Hill, Highgate, N. "POREMAN PROPAGATOR.— Qualified to -L Grow Plants and Cut Bloom in large quantities, successful Grafter of Roses, Rhododendrons, Conifers, &c. good references. — 2, Church Walk, Hendon, N.W. FOREMAN, in a Gentleman's establishment. — Age 25, good exoerience in Stove and Greenhouse Plants : both if preferred.— H. A. WESTWOOD, Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood, S.E. FOREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden.— Wm. Harris, The Gardens, Canwick Hall, Lincoln, wiM be pleased to recommend a young man (age 24), who has had ten years' experience in several good places. Can be well recommended by previous employers. To Nurserjrmen. FOREMAN.— Age 28; has a thorough knowledge of the Orange (Citrus sinensis) culture . and warrants in eighteen months to grow fine plants ready to sell with fruits. Wishes a situation in a Nursery where he could produce them in large quantities. Is also a good Propagator of Stove and Soft-wooded Plants. — C. "^l.. Gardeners' Chrofiicle Office. W.C. t"^OREMAN and GROWER. — Has had -L fourteen years' practical experience in all branches of the profession as a Market Grower, indoors. Good references, &c. — G. G.. 5, Billington Cottages, Steyne, Acton, W. FOREMAN _ or GROWER.— A first-class Man, energetic, quick, and intelligent ; many years' ex- perience in Market Trade. Understands the buying of Con- tinental Plants, &c ; no objection to small place. Highest references.— W. M.. Gardours' Chronicle Office, W.C. To Nurserymen and Florists. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR. — The subscriber offers his services to any Nur.-eryman or Florist in want of a thorough energetic working Foreman and Propagator ; he is also well versed in the Growing and Forcing of Plants and Flowers for Market. Reference to Mr. R. Eullen, Woodlands Nursery, Lewisham, — J. J., Model Cottage, Rushey Green, Lewisham, S.E. JOURNEYMAN (age 25).— A. Webb wishes ^J to recommend a youug Man with good abilities. Has lived with him two years.— Kelham Hall, Newark, Notts. JOURNEYMAN in a good establishment. —Age 2r ; good references.— A, C. H., the Gardens, Holmewood, near Peterbo-ough. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19 ; ^■^ one year and ten months in present situation.— T. K., Clumber Gardens, Worksop Notts. PROPAGATOR in a Nursery.— Understands the Growing and Management of Soft-wooded Plants for Market, Grapes and Cucumbers, &c. — H. B., 8, Thesiger Terrace, Thesiger Road, Penge, Surrey, S.E. ROPAGATOR (Assistant), or FORE- MAN. or ASSISTANT PROPAGATOR and FORE- MAN.—Age 25 ; could Manage Small Business ; versed in Bedding Plants, knowledge of Shrubs, also Palms, Ferns, and Winter Flowering Plants. Good Salesman and Penman. — C., 7, Stirling Place, Clifionville, Brighton. MANAGER of Nursery or Seed Business, or both. — Thorough knowledge and great experience in 2II the branches of the business ; has had ^eat practical experi- ence in Landscape Gardening, in Designing, Drawing Plans, and carrying out the woik. First-class testimonials. — E. SPEED. 15. Petty Cury, Cambridge. To Nurserymen and Seedsmen. MANAGER, 1500K-KEEPER, SHOP- MAN, SALESMAN, or TRAVELLER.— Age 3-3. twenty-five years' practice. First-class references. — H. J., Mr. J. Pennington, 64, Hope Cottages, Sandy Lane, Heaton N orris. To Nurserymen. MANAGER, in a good establishment. — The Advertiser has had twenty-six years' thorough practical experience in every branch of the "Trade. Management of men, &c.. good Salesman, possessing a thorough knowledge of the value of Nursery Stock. Good address, active and energetic. — ALPHA, Thomas Kennedy & Co., Nurserymen, Dumfries, N. B. SECOND, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden.— Age 24. single, ten years' experience, good character. Bothy preferred.— T. S., 2, Maff::y's Cottages, Well's Lane, Sire.^tham, Surrey. IMPROVER.— A Gardener wishes to place his son (age 16) under a Gardener ; in houses preferred ; been used to be in Garden. —C. SEYMOUR, Marsh Street, Walthamstow, E. GARDEN LABOURER, &c. — Age 30, married ; to live in lodge or house on the place, to attend to cows, and fill up time in the Garden. Five years' good character. — Address, stating wages, &c., T. FENCHAM, Brigadier Hill, Enfield, N. STEWARD, or STEWARD and CLERK of WORKS.— The Advertiser has had much experience in Designing and Carrying-out of all descriptions of Estate and Garden Improvements, the Management of Land and Cattle, Timber and Bark, &c., is a good Draughtsman and Accountant, accustomed to the Management of .Machinery, and skilled Mechanics and Labourers. Character unimpeachable. — H. H., Mr. Allen, Holly Lodge, Luton, liedfordshire. To Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers. DRAUGHTSMAN, or DRAUGHTSMAN and MANAGE K'. A man of great experience and good taste, fully understands the requirements of Horticulturists (can make Landscape Plans if required), has been accustomed to represent Firms and take paiticulars.— DRAUGHTSMAN, 7. Hurley Road, Lower Kcnnlngton Lane, Lambeth, S.E. pLERK, or SHOPMAN.— A young Man, of V^ several years' experience, who is a good Book-keeper and Correspondent, and well up in both Nursery and Seed Trade. — E. H., Gardeners' ChrosticU Office, W.C. SHOPMAN (Head, or Otherwise). — Age 38 ; twenty years' experience in the Retail Trade. First-class references. — H. H., Messrs. Minier, Nash & Nash, 60, Strand, London, W.C. ELAZENBY AND SON'S PICKLES, • SAUCES, and CONDIMENTS.— E. LAZENEY AND SON, sole proprietors of the celebrated recipes, and manufacturers of the pickles, sauces, and condiments so long and favourably distinguished by the name, beg to remind the public that every article prepared by them is guaranteed as entirely unadulterated. — 92, Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square (late 6, Edward Street, Portman Square), and iS, Trinity Street, London, S.E. HARVEY'S SAUCE.— CAUTION.— The admirers of this celebrated sauee are particularly requested to observe that each bottle prepared by E. LAZENBY AND SON bears the label, used so many years, signed '' Elizabeth Lazenby." E P P 8 ' 8 GRATEFUL {yames Epps ^^ Co., Hoinceopaihic Cliemists.) COMFORTING COCOA Freedom from Cough in Ten Minutes, and Consump- TION and ASTHMA in all stages are instantly relieved by DR. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS, which taste pleasantly, and effect a rapid cure. In Bronchitis, Coughs, Colds. Whooping Cough, Wheezing, Phlegm, and all Disorders of the Breath, Throat and Lungs, "they act like a charm," Price zs. \%d. and is. g.-/. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. The Medical Profession for over Forty Years have approved of this pure solution as the Best Remedy for ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH, HEARTBURN, HEADACHE, GOUT, AND INDIGESTION, and as the safest Aperient for Delicate Constitutions, Ladies, Children, and Infants. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. HOLLO WAY'S PILLS.— The diseases common to our climate, and endangering man's physical condition will always exist, though many may be mitigated and their effects removed by timely aid appropriately applied at the proper time. Holloway 's Pills are acknowledged far and wide to be the most effective purifier of the blood, the most certain regulator of disordered organs, and the most innocent aperient that can be prescribed. This medicine is applicable to all alike, young or old, robust and delicate ; it increases the appetite and controls all derangements of the bowels. After the disorder is subdued, occasional doses of the Pills will prevent any relapse, and moreover secure, promote, and intensify the good results which flow from perfect purity and regularity. 96 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January i8, 1879. SUTTON'S CHOICE NOVELTIES FOR 1879. THE BEST DWARF WRINKLED PEA. SUTTON'S BIJOU PEA. The earliest dwarf wrinkled variety. It is exceed- ingly uniform in growth, 18 inches high, and particu- larly suitable for small gardens, as it requires no sticks. It is also valuable for large gardens, as it forces well. From Mr. R.W.TODD, Gr. to His Grace the Duke of Buckingham " Vour ' Bijou ' is the best dwarf wrinkled Pea 1 ever grew, a good cropper, and only iSi nches high. Sowed first week in April, gathered first dish third weelc in June." Price 5s. per Quart, 3s. per Pint^ SUTTON'S EARLY DWARF BROWN FORCING LETTUCE. No larger than our Commodore Nutt, and for early forcing pre-eminently the best. Remarkably compact, few outer leaves, very crisp and sweet. Price Is. 6d. per Packet, Post-free. THE BEST TALL PEA For 1879. "^ 'A t > > w (-• > M w SUTTON'S ROYAL BERKSHI RE GREEN MARROW. Now introduced by us for the first time, and the stock is entirely in our hands. From 5 to 6 feet high, a wonderful cropper, and delicate in flavour. When dished up the colour is a beautiful deep green. From Mr. WILLIAM PATERSON, Gr. to Her Majesty the Queen, Balmoral. " I was much pleased with your New Pea. It is a splendid bearer, and when cooked is very finely tlavoured. I consider it a first- class variety." Price 5s. per Quart, 3s. per Pint THE BEST GREEN-FLESH MELON. SUTTON'S EARL OF BEACONSFIELD. This magnificent variety was sent out by us in limited quantities last season, and has given the greatest satisfaction. It is of somewhat oval shape, from 6 to 8 lb. in weight ; the flesh is pale in colour, singularly sweet and juicy, and possesses a delicate aroma. The rind is thin, but beautifully netted. We had the honour of forwarding a brace to the Right Honourable the Earl of Beaconsfield, K.G. From Mr. W. WILDSMITH, Gr. to the Right Hon. Viscount Eversley. " I have this season grown Earl of Beaconsfield Melon, which for free bearing, flavour, and appearance I consider unequalled.", Price 2s. 6d. per Packet, Post-free. I SUTTON'S KING OF CAULIFLOWERS. The best in Cultivation. Price Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d.Jper Packet, Post-free. SPECIAL NOTICE. — Messrs. Sutton offer, during 1879, Gold, Silver and Bronze Medals, with valuable Money Prizes, for Collcctiojis of Vegetables, Fruit and Potatos. Particulars on applicatioji. SUTTON & SONS (The Queen's Seedsmen), READING, BERKS.' Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden. London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnhw. & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by Um 9a'id William Richards, at the Office, 41. Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covcut Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, January i3, 1870. Agent for Manchester— John Hbywood, Agents for Scotland^Messrs. J. Mbnzibs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow. . y THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE (gstabHsbcb 1841. A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOUBNAL OF HORTIOULTTJRE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS. No. 265.-V0L. XI. {s™} SATURDAY, JANUARY 25, 1879. | Registered at the General f Post Office as a Newspaper. ^ Piice 5d. Post Free, s|denham, and other Pjize Growers. ALFRED GRANT AND CO., Steam Works, 39?^, Leather Lane, London. £.C. WAN TED, a large Plant of PASSIFLORA EDULIS, about 20 lo 30 or 41 feet long, grown in a Pot or Tub. To Flower and Fruit this year. Send particulars and price to , B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N. WANTED, 5000 Common ASH, 4 feet and above, stout. S. MAYOR, Marquis of Granby Yard, Lowerhead Row, Leeds. ANTED, clean transplanted CRAB or APPLE STOCKS. Stale Quantity to offer, when bedded, and lowest price, to PAUL AND SON, Cheshunt. A^ S Five /BARTER'S, the PREMIER SEED Gold KJ house at the PARIS EXHIBITION. Medals, illustrated Catalogues gratis and post-free. Awarded Paris, Five GOLD MEDALS, including the only Gold 1878. Medal for Gr.iss Seeds. Cai'tion.— No other English Seed House was awarded five Medals at the Paris Exhibition. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London, W.C. /QUICKS— QUICKS — QUICKS. ^-\^ Strong Whitethorn Quicks, 15 to 24 inches. JOHN PERKINS and SON, 52, Market Square, North- ampton. PRUCE FIRS for Christmas Trees, well formed, a to 3 feet high. 30^. per 100. RICHARD SMITH anu CO., Nurserymen, Worcester. FOREST TREES, Seedling and Trans- planted. — The very extensive stock of the above is this season in splendid condition. CATALOGUES on application. The Lawson Seed and Nursery Company (Limited) Edinburgh. ENGLISH OAKS.— Tall straight Standards. I TO feet high, 2o.r, per loo, j^S S.r. per looo, for cash. J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott» Somerset. PANISH CHESTNUT, ASH, BIRCH, ALDER and HAZEL— stout, well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold. Mr. GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst. TO THE TRADE. MUSSEL STOCKS, 451. per 1003. CRAB STOCKS, 351. per 1000. Samples of the above may be had on application to JOHN STANDISH and CO., Royal Nurseries, Ascot. ORTH AMERICAN PLANTS.— Orchids, Lilies, Ferns, &c. Price LIST sent on application. EDWARD GILLETT, Southwlck, Mass., U.S.A., Collector of Native Plants, &c. Seeds Direct from the Grower. FREEMAN'S ONE GUINEA COLLEC- TION of VEGETABLES contains only the best varieties and the most liberal quantities ever ofifered. Packing and carriage free, CHAS. FREEMAN and FREEMAN, Economic Seeds- men, Norwich. EW CUCUMBER.— Stanstead Rival is a genuine novelty, and will take its place as the best Cucumber grown. Sealed packets 2s. 6d. each. The Trade supplied. JOHN LAING AND CO.. Seedsmen, Forest Hill, S.E. LACK NAPLES CU R RANTS.— E-\tra strong Fruiting Trees, i2,r. per loo. for cash with order. J. GEO. HILL (late Scott), The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. 10,000 Good Three-Year-Old "Crown Bolo " GOOSEBERRY TREES for Sale ; also 15 cwt. of Robinson's Champion Drumhead CABBAGE SEED (selected). Apply. W. COLVIN, Money Bridge Gardens, Pinchbeck, Spalding. AUL AND SON'S Standard FRUIT TREES, most important for all Orchard Planters to see, as years are gained by planting good treef. The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, N. EBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERTS AND OTHER NUTS. Person-i desirous of obtaining Trees of the above, grown by the late R. Webb, of Calcot. should give early orders to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. CATALOGUES post-free on application. EBB'S CHOICE POLYANTHUS AND OTHER SPRING PLANTS. Early orders are solicited for the above choice plants. Apply to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. O THE TRADE.— vegetable' FLOWER and AGRICULTURAL SEEDS, of sterling quality only. Our own, and other carefully selected Novelties of the season. — SANDER and CO., Seed Growers, St. Albans. New Catalogues. A NOTHER • DELUGE of MERETRI- JrV. CIOUS SEED CATALOGUES reminds us of Carlyle's " Hatter of the Strand," who "instead of making bdtcr hats, as he was appointed by the universe to do, turned his whole industry to persuade us that he had done such." — /^'iis/ and Present, Book HI. For new LISTS of Choice Vegetables and Flower Seeds, &c., also of Trees and Shrubs, Conifers, &c , send to W. P. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Seed Merchants and Nurserymen, Dundee, N.B. Excellence and Economy combined is our motto. P G Gentlemen's Gardeners, Amateurs, and Oiliers Kl£uUlRlNG :j. A R D E N P O T S of be^t qu.ility, * are requested to send their orders to J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery. Weston-super-Mare. Price List on application. 98 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1879. SALES BY AUCTION. Auction Mart, Tokenhouse Yard, E.C. IMPORTANT SALE of rare English-grown LILIES and other BULBS, including Lilium neilgherrense— the white flowers of this magnificent Lily are deliciously fragrant and of great substance ; it bears several flowers on a stem each nearly a foot long — also the rare L. columbianum. Brownii, parvum. WalHchianum, speciosum, Krxtzeri, giganteum, Humboldtii. pardalinum, Washington! an urn, elegans in variety, Wilsoni, and others ; a beautiful assortment of Hardy ORCHIDS and Hardy BULBOUS and BORDER PLANTS, Tuberous-rooted BEGONIAS. GLADIOLI ; also an Importation from Japan of 6000 LILIUM AURA- TUM in fine condition, 3000 L. Kiameri, 4C0 L. Leicht- linii, 1500 L. tjgrinum jucundum, scoo flue American TUBEROSES, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL the above at the Mart on MONDAY NEXT, at half-past 11 o'Clock precisely. P. & M. will buy for those who cannot attend. Catalogues had at the Mart and of the Auctioneers, gS, Grace- church Street, E.C., and Leytonstone, E. West Wickham, Kent, S.E.. Close to the " Swan Inn." Three miles from Beckenham and Bromley Stations, MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS arc instructed by Mr. W. Kirkcaldy to SELL by AUCTION, without reserve, at The Nursery, as above, on THURSDAY, January 10, at 12 o'Clock punctually, 3000 Common and Portugal LAURELS, 2 to 5 feet ; 1500 HOLLIES and YEWS, 3 to 5 feet ; CEDRUS DEODARA, 10^0 BER. BERIS, 2000 Spruce and Scotch FIRS, 2000 PINUS AUSTRIACA, LIMES, PLANES. BORDER SHRUBS of sorts, 500 first-class Standard ROSES, well trained and Pyra- midal FRUIT TREES, 8:c. View prior to Sale. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, City, E.G. Cranston's Nurseries, King's Acre, Hereford. GREAT SALE of NURSERY STOCK. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above, on TUESDAY, February 4, and two following days, at 12 o'clock punctually e.ich day, by order of Messrs. Cranston & Co., several Acres of first-class NURSERY STOCK, all in the finest condition for removal, includiug i6,ooo standard, pyramid, and dwarf-trained Fruit Trees, 5003 Maiden Pears, 6000 Gooseberries and Currants, several thousands of standard and dwarf H.P. Roses, several thousands of Marcchal Niel, 10.000 dwarf Tea-scented Roses, magnificent specimen Conifer.c and Evergreens, from 6 to 10 feet, well furnished and thoroughly transplanted ; 10,000 bushy Laurels, 3 to 4 feet ; 5003 English Yews, 3 to 4 feet ; 2000 Ponticum Rhododendrons, 50.000 Manetti Rose Stocks, fit for working ; 60,000 transplanted Larch, iJ4 to 3 feet : 20.000 Spruce Firs, ij'< to 2 feet ; 50,000 strong trans- planted Hawthorn Quick, &c., together with a selection of Greenhouse Plants. The Stock may be viewed. Catalogues had at the Nurseries, at the Seed Warehouse, Broad Street, Hereford, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracehurch Street, London, E.C. "Wickham, Newbury, IMPORTANT SALE of VALUABLE PLANTS, Sic, Uy order of the Executors of the late Rev. \V. Nicholson MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION on the Premises, The Rectory, Wickham. Newbury, Berks, three miles from Kintbury Station, on FRIDAY, Feb. 7, at IT tor 12 o'clock precisely, the whole of the choice GREEN- HOUSE PLANTS, comprising 100 specimen Camellias, beautifully furnished plants, in tubs and pots, varying in height from 4 ' to 12 feet, the whole being set with bloom- buds and in the most perfect health, several fine specimens of the best double white variety being amongst the number ; also some magnificent Orange Trees in tubs, 40 large Callas, a quantity of large Greenhouse Climbers, and numerous other plants, also some elegant Terra-Cotta VASES, handsomely designed FOUNTAIN in Terra-Cotta. three life-sized FIGURES in Iron of Animals, IRON GATES. Glazed SASHES, 10,000 Maw's TILES, and numerous other effects. May be viewed the day prior to the sale. Catalogues may be had of Mr. JARRATT, on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. Taxmton, Somerset. CLEARANCE SALE— Land Sold for Building purposes. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. W. Hocken to SELL by AUCTION, without reserve, on the Premises, The Nurseries Taunton, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY, February 13 and 14, at 12 o'Clock precisely each day, the whole of the NURSERY STOCK, consisting of specimen Coniferae and Evergreens from 4 to 12 feet ; 1500 Gold, Silver, and Fancy Hollies, 5000 dwarf-trained and pyramid Fruit-trees, half an acre of Stools, thousands of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. 30,000 Larch, a choice assortment of Stove and Greenhouse plants, together with the erections of eight Greenhouses and Pits, Hot-water Piping, Boilers, Frames, Utensils in Trade, and numerous effects. On view. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.G., and Leytonstone, E. Lilies from Japan and Rare Hardy Bulbs and Plants. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street. CoventGarden.W.C.onTHURSDAY, January 30, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, 6000 fine Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM. just arrived from Japan; 1000 LILIUM KRAMER! and various other JAPAN LILIES ; also a quantity of very rare HARDY PLANTS and BULBS, including Erythrina herbacea. Opuntiamissouriensis, Fritillanapudica, RhinopetalumKarelini, looo Allium neapolitanum, Orchis foliosa, Erythronium gigan- teum. Primula, new species ; Clematis Pitcheri, Senecio pulcher, Stobiea purpurea, Cypripediums, and many others, English grown Lilies, including carniolicum, columbianum. parvum, califomicum vera, pardalinum variety, pardalinum Roblnsoni, longiflorum Wilsoni, Brownii, washingtonianum, Bloomerianum, WalHchianum, and many others ; Gladioli, Ranunculi, Spirjeas. Lily of the Valley, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Vanda ccerulea— Specimen Plant. MR. J. C. STEVENS will ofter for SALE by AUCTION, in FEBRUARY, a magnificent SPECIMEN PLANT of VANDA CCERULEA. which h.-is been exhibited before the Floral Committee of the Royal Horti- cultural Society four times, and has been awarded three Cul- tural Certificates and the Gold and Silver Banksian Medals. Auction Rooms and Offices, 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. Preliminary Notice of an Important Sale of Plants. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Lady Dorothy Nevill to offer for SALE by AUCTION. EARLY in MAY, ihe magnificent COLLECTION of PLANTS at Dangstein, and which for many years has been one of the most extensive and interesting in the country. Auction Rooms and Offices, 38, King Street, Covent Gnrden, W.C. Baker Street Nurseries, Enfield, N. IMPORTANT CLEARANCE SALE of a large quantity of thriving NURSERY STOCK, comprising Araucarias, Wetlingtonias, Yews, Cupressus, Thujas, Thujopsis, Junipers, Variegated Holly, Aucubas, Laurels, Standard Roses, 1500 Limes, quantity of Standard Fruit Trees, &c. MR. GEORGE COWLES will SELL the above by AUCTION (entirely without reserve), on the premises of the Old Nursery, Baker Street, Enfield, on WED- NESDAY, February 5, at 11 for 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of J. B. Butterfield. Now on view. Catalogues on the Premises, and of the Auctioneer, Edmonton. hi re William Sklrving, Deceased. To NURSERYMEN, GENTLEMEN, LOCAL BOARDS, PLANTERS of PUBLIC PARKS, CEMETERIES, and PRIVATE GARDENS, tS:c. MESSRS. BRANCH AND LEETE will SELL by AUCTION, on MONDAY, February 17, and several following days, at 12 o'Clock each day, at the extensive Nurseries in Walton, near Liverpool, the whole of the important and well-grown NURSERY STOCK, consisting of Forest and Ornamental Trees, Fruit Trees, Evergreen and Deciduous Shrubs, Quicks, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, Herbaceous Plants, &c. A few of the leading items are Elms, Birch, Scarlet and Common Horse Chesnut, Limes, Mountain Ash, Poplars, Willows, Laburnums ranging up to IS feet high, strong oval-leaved Privet, fine trained Plums. Cherries. Apples, Pears, &c. Of Hollies the stock is very extensive, the variety great and of all sizes up to 15 feet ; Rhododendrons, Irish and Golden Yews, Cupressus, &c. The stock can be inspected any day prior to the Sale. Noble- men, Gentlemen, and others laying out fresh grounds or re-arranging those at present existing will find this an oppor- tunity very rarely to be met with : and the high standing enjoyed by the late William Skirving, Esq., is a sufficient guarantee for the great excellence of the stock. Catalogues will be ready in due course. Any information required can be obtained from J. W. DAVIDSON. Esq., Accountant, 10, Cook Street ; or at the Offices of Messrs. BRANCH AND LEETE, Hanover Street, Liverpool. Second Advertisement. MESSRS. CAPES, DUNN, and PILCHER have the pleasure to announce that, in pursuance of further instructions from T. M. Shutlleworth, Esq., who has recently purchased another residence, they will SELL by AUCTION at Howick House, near Preston, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY. April 15 and 16. without the slightest reserve, the entire and unique COLLECTION of STOVE and GREENHOUSE SPECIMEN EXHIBITION PLANTS. Azaleas, Fine-foHaged Plants, Gleichenias, Tree and other Ferns, together with Orchids, Camellias, and other plants of a miscellaneous character. The specimens to be offered are now in grand condition, and they will be invaluable for the coming season to Exhibitors. Catalogues will be ready at the end of February, and may then be obtained from the Auctioneers, 8, Clarence Street, Manchester. To Nurserymen and Others. TO BE LET or SOLD, the well-known attractive and almost unique FREEHOLD ESTATE, distinguished as The Nurseries, Tooting, established nearly a century and comprising over 5 acres of Nursery Ground, with a detached Dwelling house, twenty-six Greenhouses, several Brick Pits, heated by 6700 feet of piping ; also three Cottages, and numerous Oui-buildings, the whole being replete with every necessary appliance, and complete in all its arrangements to carry on a high-class Nurseryman' and Florist's Business. Terms and detailed particulars may be had of Messrs. GATLIFF and HOUSE. Solicitors. 8, Finsbury Circus, E.C. : or of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Auctioneers and Estate Agents, gS, Gracechurch Street, E.C, where plans of the property may be inspected. To Market Gardeners. TO LET, a SEWAGE FARM, principally arable (114 acres), and Farm Buildings. Adjoining a Railway Station and Water Carriage ; 18 miles north-east of London. Apply to Messrs. BENINGFIELD, Ware, Herts. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Horti- CULTURAL, Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and Valuers, 98, Gracechurch Street, City, E. C. , and at Leyton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. A New and Brilliant Primula. CARTER'S VESUVIUS.— Brilliant scarlet. "For which a world-wide popularity may be safely predicted. " — Gardeners* Magazine. Price IS. 6d. per packet, post-free. See STERLING NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free from CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London. LACK ITALIAN POPLARS, 8 to 10 feet, 10 to 12 feet, and 12 to 15 feet, stout, well-grown trees, to be sold cheap. Sample and price on application. G. W. PIPER, The Nurseries, Uckfield. Trade Price Current-Seed3-1879. THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (LIMITED), have issued their ANNUAL CATALOGUE of SEEDS, and if any of their Customers have been inadvertently overlooked, copies will be sent on application. I, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh ; 106, Southwark Street, London, S. E. New, Rare and Choice Seeds. W THOMSON, Seedsman, Tavern Street, • Ipswich, respectfully announces that his CATA- LOGUE of Flower Seeds for -the present season is now ready, and will be forwarded free to any address on prepaid application. STRONG FILBERTS. — Strong bushy Filberts, recently transplanted, and of the best varieties, for sale. Apply to E. P. DIXON, Nurseries, Hull. Caution.— Sutton's Novelties. MESSRS. SUTTON find it necessary to state that their Novelties can only be had direct from them. Every packet bears their Registered Trade Mark. De- scriptive particulars on application. The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading, Berks. Planting Season. E BURGESS begs to offer the following: — • Strong Standard PEARS, Standard-trained APRI. COTS, Turkey and English OAK, English and Scotch ELMS LIMES up to 12 feet, BEECH up to 7 feet, and a genera! Nursery Stock. Prices on application. The Nurseries, London Road, Cheltenham. "DOSES, fine Dwarfs, on Manetti — all the J-^ leading varieties, 2^s. per 100.— WILLIAM IRELAND Piltou and Blakewell Nurseries, Barnstaple. ' TAMES FARRAR and CO. beg to an- O nounce the publication of their Wholesale CATALOGUE of SEEDS for the present season, which will be forwarded post-free on application. Seed Warehouse, 86, Golden Lane, Barbican, London, E.C. BARTO VALLE and CO. have just received, in good condition, their DOUBLE ITALIAN TUBEROSE ROOTS : v. 6d. per dozen. 21, Haymaricet, W.C. Seeds. U C U M B E R S.— Rollisson's Long Gun, IS, 6d. per packet : Pearson's Telegraoh, is. per packet CATALOGUES of all Seeds on application. J. R. PEARSON, The Nurseries, Chilwell, Notts. LANTS — SPECIAL HARDY NORTH AMERICAN ORCHIDS. DISA GRANDIFLORA, &c. See CATALOGUE post-free on application. The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester. c To tlie Trade. QEED POTATOS.— Our SPECIAL LIST, ►J containing all the best English and American varieties grown by us the past season, may now be had, post-free, OQ application. H. AND F. SHARPE, Seed Growers, Wisbech. To the Trade. SEED POTATOS. XT AND F. SHARPE will be pleased to -LX. make special offers of all the leading varieties of SEED POTATOS they have grown this season. The prices will be found very advantageous to purchasers- Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Green and Variegated Ivies of Sorts] Large and small-leaved, in eight kinds. ROBERT PARKER, having a surplus stock of fine Plants in pots of the above-named, will be pleased to dispose of them in quantities, at very low prices. Names, sizes and prices, per dozen, loo or looo, will be given on application. Exotic Nursery, Tooting, Surrey, S.W. Tj^VERGREEN OAKS.— A large quantity -L-^ for sale, 4 feet, 5 feet, 6 feet, 7 feet, and S feet, at ex- ceptionally low prices : also Standards, 6 feet stems, good heads. Prices on application to J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. M. CUTBUSH AND SON beg to announce that their SEED CATALOGUE for 1879 has been posted to all their Customers. Any one not receiving a copy they would be glad of intimation to that effect, when a duplicate shall be forwarded. Highgate, London, N., and Barnet Nurseries, Herts. T)READNOUGHf CUCUMBER. — The -Ly finest Black-spine, and the best paying market variety extant : warranted true. Seed, five for ij., fourteen for 2s. td. POPE AND SONS, 120, 121, 122, Market H.all, 3, Great Western Arcade, Birmingham. To the Trade. "p\ A H L I A S , 20,000 (pot roots).— -*-^ CATALOGUES and price on application to Messrs. KELWAY and SON, Langport. Somerset. OREST TREES.— Alder, Beech, Birch, Chestnut, Elm. Spruce. Silver and Scotch Firs, Hazel, Hornbeam, Oaks, Thorns, and Yews, at very low prices for well-grown stuff. J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries. Merriott, Somerset. SCIADOPITYS VERTICILLATA (Sieb. and Zucc). — From this fine Coniferous plant I expect good Growing Seed from Japan in March, which I can offer at los. 6d, per ounce, with usual allowance to the Trade. FRIEDRICH ADOLPH HAAGE, Jun., Nurseryman and Seedsman (Established 1822), Erfurt, Prussia. — January, 1879. EAST LOTHIAN STOCK (True). SCARLET, very fine, 6ii. and is. per packet. NEW CRIMSON, very fine, 6d. and is. per packet. PURPLE, very fine, 6 S. WILLIAMS begs to announce that J-'* his stock of VINES is this year unusually fine, and comprises all the leading kinds, including "Alnwick Seedling." Fur descriptions and prices, see B. S. W.'s BULB CATA- LOGUE for this year. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N. The Best Greeu-Fleshed Melon of the Year. T)ELL'S HYBRID.— The only green-fleshed -l^ Melon deemed worthy this year of the Royal Horti- cultural Society's First-Class Certificate. Smooth, deep yellow, netted skin, small stalk, pale green flesh. "All that we have tasted were delicious."— Gardeners' Chronicle. Price 2S. 6d. per packet of six seeds, post-free. See STERLING NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free, from CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holbom, London. Economy in the Garden. TO LARGE CONSUMERS. JAMES CARTER AND CO. being domi/de growersof the seeds they offer, are enabled to place Public Institutions, Hotel-keepers, &c., on the most liberal terms. State quantities and sorts required to CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holbom, London. ODEAS.—Healthy young plants of T. superba and T. hyraenophylloides (pellucida), free and safe by post. 2s. 6d. each for prepayment. Trade price (low) per TOO. or lesser quantities, on application. ROBERT SIM, Sidcup Hill Nursery, Foot's Cray, Kent. Roses, Fruit Trees, &c. WILLIAM FLETCHER'S CATALOGUE for the present season is now ready, and may be had on application. The stock is very large and most healthy. The Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey. (CUCUMBER PLANTS for Sale: Telegraph ^— ^ (true). — The Public may depend on being supplied with Cucumber Plants till June next, by applying to G. WALKLING, College Park Nursery, Lewisham, S.E. O THE TRADE.— PEARS, Williams' Bon Chretien and Hessell, Standards, 75r. per roc : PLUMS, Victoria, Dwarf-trained, 140J. per 100 ; CHERRIES, Standard, 75J. per 100 ; also trained PEACHES APRICOTS, and APPLES. CATALOGUES on application to WILLIAM FLETCHER, Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey. INTIMATION 15, Princes' Street, Edinburgh, January 21, 1879, We beg to intimate that the Business so long carried on by our late respected Father, and for the last twelve years in conjunction with ourselves, will continue to be carried on by us in all its depart- ments as heretofore, and under the same designation. We desire to thank all our friends for the kind patronage bestowed on the firm for the last thirty years, and we beg to solicit and hope to merit a continuance of the same. JOHN METHVEN, HENRY WELSH METHVEN. THOMAS METHVEN & SONS, NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, and FLORISTS, EDINBURGH. PRUCE FIRS.— A quantity of strong stuff for sale, 2 feet high, at 30J. per 1000. J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. M. KNIGHT, of the Floral Nurseries, Hailsham, Sussex, offers from his large Stocks of Standard and Dwarf ROSES, FRUIT TREES of all sizes .Scarlet and other RHODODENDRONS well set with buds, CONIFER/E and EVERGREENS, and DECIDUOUS TREES for Avenues, by the dozen, loo or looo, at very low prices for well-grown stuff. To the Trade. NEW POTATO. " PRIDE of ONTARIO." Hand F. SHARPE are now sending out • the above most prolific and handsome shaped new Potato. Full description and price may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. REES for AVENUE PLANTING.— Elms, Poplars, Beech, Oaks. Evergreen Oaks, Horse Chestnut, Limes, &c., at very low rates for cash. J. GEO. HILL (late Scott), The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. The Finest Strain of Primula. BARTER'S PERFECTION PRIZE c PRIMULA, mixed colours, comprising the finest forms and most brilliant shades in cultivation. Price i^, 6d. and 25. 6if. per packet, post-free. See STERLING NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free, from CARTERS, Queen's Seedsmen, High Holbom, London, W.C. Special Cheap Offer of CHOICE SHRUBS.— THUJA AUREA, i8 inches, 141. per dozen. „ ELEGANTISSIMA, 18 to 22 inches, i+r. per dozen. ., SEMPER AURESCENS, 18 inches, i6j. per dozen. RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA AUREA. sfeet, 20s. p.doz. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA LUTEO, 2-yr. grafted, 12^. per dozen. Package free. Cash with orders. T. FLETCHER and SON, Nurserymen, &c.. Chesterfield. To thfi TrSidfi OSBORN AND SONS can still supply a quantity of Dwarf Maiden PEACHES, NECTARINES and APRICOTS, and a few Standards. Also the following FRUIT TREE STOCKS :— Common and Brussels Plum, Pear, Crab, Paradise, Quince, and a few Cherry and Brompton Plum. Prices on application. The Fulham Nurseries, London, S.W. AMUEL AND JAMES SMITH (late J. SMITH, Sen.), Tansley Nurseries, Matlock, Derby, beg to offer at prices, viz. ; — At per 1000. ASH, Mountain, 2 to 3 feet, 17^.; 3 to 4 feet, 25^.: 4 to 5 feet, 30J. ; 6 to 8 feet. Sos. ; 8 to 10 feet, 1005. BEECH. 2 to 3 feet, 25^.; 3 to 4 feet. 30^.: 4 to 5 feet, 40J. CHESTNUT, Spanish, i to I'A foot, iSs.; iK to 2 feet, 30s. FIR, SPRUCE, 9 to 12 inches, loi.; i to I'/i foot, 14J.; 2-yr, , IS. PINUS MARITIMA, gtoiainches, loi.; z-yr., 31. LIMES, 4 to 3 feet, 80J. POPLAR, Italian, 3 to 4 feet, 25^.; 2.yr., 10s. : Ontario, 2 to 3 feet, _20J. ; 4 to 6 feet, 50^. ; 2-yr. , jos. ; Silver, 3 to 4 feet, 40^. PRIVET, Evergreen, 2-yr., js. Yellow-berried, i to rj^ foot, 15s. ', rJ4 to 2 feet. 20s. SNOWBERRY, i fo 1'/ foot, iss.; iH "> 2 feet, 20s.; 2-yr., 7s. SYCAMORE, ili to 2 feet. 15J.; 2 to 3 feet, 20s. WILLOW, Bitter, 2 to 3feet, 2of.: 2-yr., 10s. ; Huntingdon, 3 to 4 feet. 2SJ. ; 2-yr., loj. BROOM, i-yr., 3^.; 2-yr., 4^.; Spanish, 2-yr., 6^. CORSE, 2.yr., 4i. DOGWOOD, Red. 2 to t feel, Sos.; 3 t04 feet, loar. LONICERA LEDEBOURII. t^ to 3 feet, 501. FLOWERING SHRUBS, in many varieties, los. to 40J. LAUREL. Portugal, g to 15 inches, 40^.; r to i^ foot, 80^ ; T^ to z feet, loo^. IVIES, in sorts. 20^. COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA. 20J. EUONYMUS RADICANS VARIEGATA, i-yr., 251. JUNIPERS, 6 to 12 inches, 25s. f ERNETTYA MUCRONATA, 2-yr., 151. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, 2-yr. , 4 j. ; 3-yr. , 6j. ; 5-yr. transplanted. 20^. YEWS. 4 to 6 inches, ^os ; 6 to 9 inches, 5or.; 9 to 15 inches, jos. At per 100. ARBOR VITTE, 3 lo 4 feet, 6s. ; 5 to 6 feet, 10s. BERBERIS DARWINII, ij< to 2 feet, Ss.; dulcis, is. BOX, Tree, i%iQ 2 feet, 12^. ; 2 to 3 feet, 201.: elegantissima, 1 to 1% foot, 15^. BROOM, White, 3 to 4 feet. 151.; common, Zs. CEDRUS DEODARA. rW to 2 feet, Soj. ; 2 to 3 feet, t20j. CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS, i to i)i foot, 151. ; 1% to 2 feet. 30J. ." 2 to 3 feet, 50s. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. ; 3 to 4 feet, 25J. : 4 to 5 feet, 50^. MEZEREON, i to 1% foot, 151. LABURNUM, 10 to 12 feet, 30J. LAUREL, Caucasian, t% to 2 feet, 20^. OAK, Fulham. 6 to 8 feet, 30J, ; Scarlet, 6 to S feet, sof. PINUS CEMBRA, 4 to 6 feet, 40J. POPLAR, Silver, 6 to 3 feet, 151. SYCAMORE, 8 to lo feet, 201. RHODODENDRON, ferrugineum, 12J.; hirsutum. loj. THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, i to i^ foot, 40J. ; i}^ to 2 feet, YEW, Irish, 4 to 5 feet, 100s. [50^. WHIN. Double, 9 to 15 inches. 12J. HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS in collection of 100 distinct varieties, 25J. ; 200 varieties, 60^. ; &c. LIST free on application. H CANNELL begs to inform the Trade • that he has more of the following Seeds than he requires. H. C. need hardly say that neither seeds nor strain can be excelled, and will be sure to give satisfaction. Supplied either in large or small quantities. Price. &c. , on application. ASTERS, English, Quilled, in 20 colours. AGERATUM, Lady Jane and Cupid, the best of all. BETA CHILENSIS.—Very fine. Was the surprise of all beholders. Colours most vivid. Six feet high. BROMPTON STOCKS, Giant Scarlet.— Finest. CANTERBURY BELLS.— Highly coloured pink and most striking. FOXGLOVE.— Splendid Gloxinia flowers, spotted. MILES' MIGNONETTE.— Far superior to the ordinary kinds, and for pots an acquisition. SWEET WILLIAM.— Splendid round flowers of innumerable colours. VIOLA BLUEBELL.— Best of the Violas. VIOLA LUTEA MAJOR.— Best of all the yellows. BRUSSELS SPROUTS.— Remarkably fine strain, in fact by far the best ever taken into the Borough Market last year. The Home for Flowers, Swanley, Kent. Garden Seeds. pHARLES TURNER'S Descriptive V^ CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, containing several interesting and valuable novelties. BAILEY'S ^ GREEN-FLESHED MELON "THE SQUIRE."— Great size, delicious flavour. First Prize at the Royal Botanic Society. Per packet, 25'. 6d. NEW KIDNEY POTATO " EARLY BIRD."-Re- markably early and fine quality. Indispensable for frame work. First-class Certificate at the International Potato Show, Royal Aquarium. Per peck, xos. 6d. ; per lb,, is. POTATO " SCHOOLMASTER." — The following few Testimonials from hundreds will show that it is uniformly good in all parts of the country : — *' My opinion is that it is one of the very best Potatos we have."— A. F. Barron, Chisivick. " Your Schoolmaster is the very finest in cultivation for the table, and resists disease better than any Potato I know." — W. Naij^h, IViiion. "To my taste I know no Potato equal to Schoolmaster." — Miss F. Mever, IVindermere. *' I had two tubers from a friend about two years ago, and from those two tubers I have this year dug 60 bushels." — J. Douglas, Loxford Hall, Per peck, 6s. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. I CO THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1879. Early Peaa for Marketing. THE BEST EARLY PEA IS SUTTON'S IMPROVED EARLY CHAMPION.— Extensively used by the principal Pea Growers Ten days earlier than Daniel O'Rourke ; very prolific, good quality. Also : — Sutton's Racehorse Prizetaker Champion of England Veitch's Perfection Invicta First and Best Forty fold Advancer. Price per bushel and quarter on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. Special Offer of Popular and Cbeap Orcnlds. MESSRS. JAMES VEITCH AND SONS are enabled to offer good healthy plants of the following sterling Orchids at the subjoined prices :— Each— ^. d. ADA aurantiaca .. .. .. newly imported 5 o AERIDES Fielding! established 15 o CATTLEYA citrina „ 3 6 „ Mossiae . . . . . . • • . • •• 5 o ,, Skinneri .. •• •• •• ■• m 5 o CHYSIS bractescens „ 7 6 DENDROBIUM Bensonia; .► 50 ,, crassinode liirberianum .. .. ,, 7 ^ .. Dalhousieanum .. .. .. .- >• 10 6 ,, formosum „ Fyichianum .. .. .. .. ^* „ nobilc . . .. .. • • . • » ., thyrsifiorum . . . . . . . . » ,. Wardianum .. .. .. .. .• EPIDENDKUM macrochilum .. newly imported LiELlA albida (many now blooming) . . established ,, ar.ceps .. . . .. - • ■ ■ ti ,, Pennii .. .. .. .- •• •> LYCASTE Sklnneri ,. MASDfc-VALLIA Davisii „ ., Harryana .. . . . . . . . . ,. ,. Veituhiana. . . . . . • • • • i> OuONTOGLOSSUiM cirrhosum .. .. ,, ,, cordatiim .. .. .. .. •• m ,» grande .. •> „ Hallii „ hastilabium newly imported ,, Pescatorei . . .. .. .. •■ ,, pulchellum majus established ,, Roezlii newly imported Ro^sii . . . . . . . . • • established ONCIDIUM concolor ,. ,, Forbesii .. .. .. .. •• >• „ Krameri . . .. 1. „ varicosum established ,. WL-Itonii newly imported SACCOLABIUM ampuUaceum .. ,. es-ablibhed „ Bhimei m:»jus .. .. .. .. .» SCHOMBURGKIA crispa .. .. newly imported SOPHRONITES grandiflorum . . . . estabUshed Larger Plants of the above at proportionate pric ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD. CHELSEA, S.W. The Best New Pea. BARTER'S TELEPHON E.— VJ First-Class Certificate Royal HorticuUural Society. " A very remarkable Pea, of enormous size, grand appearance and good i\w3X\x.y."— Gardeners Chronicle. Price -25 6d per pint (in sealed packets only). See STERLING NOVELTIES, gratis and post-lree, ''rim CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London. To the Trade.-Vines— Vines-Vines. WG. CALDWELL AND SONS have • still extra strong fruiting Black Hamburgh VINES to offer, excellent stuff, at 5J. 6d. each. Also AZALEA AMfENA CALDVVELLII, well set with buds, \%s and 24J. per dozen. APPLES. Standard, 40J. per 100. ,, Pyramid, 60s. po<- 100, in all leading varieties. General CATALOGUE of Fruit Trees, Conifers, Roses, &c., post-free on application. The Nurseries, Knutsford, Cheshire. Lily white Seakale. STUART, MEIN and ALLAN, knowing the above to be a great improvement on the old variety, have grown it extensively, and are prepared to offer it at a cheap rate, viz., 20^. per 100. Shirley Hibberd says—" When I saw your dozen roots in the forcing-pit, by the side of our own I was astonished at the distinction, and was white as snow." See also Gardeners' Magazine of January ir. Kelso, N.B. Notice.— Roses, Roses, &c. TO THE TRADE AND OTHERS. r>OSES.— A quantity of good Standard and ^ Half-Standard, clean and well-grown, with good stems and ht::id<. M.iiden CHERRIES in quantity, and many thousands Of 2-yr. old ASPARAGUS. CATALOGUES on application. MOWER AND CO., Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Bible H. dinghiiii. The Best Frame Cucumbers. /1 A R T E R'S MODEL.— V^ *• The model of what a Cucumbsr should be— handsome, productive, delicious," — Mr. G. Goodacre, Gr. to the Right Hon. the Earl of Harrington. Price 35. 6(j'. and is. 6d. per packet, post-free. KELWAVS PARAGON. — Figured in ih^ Gardeners' Maga- zine, November 16, 1878, and described as "decidedly Ai." Price j,s. bd. per packet, post-free. See STERLING NOVELTIES, gratis and po«-free, from CARTERS, Queen's Seedsmen. Hi^h Holborn. London, W.C FECIAL OFFER of Autumn-struck ZONAL PELARGONIUMS, from Single (3-in.) Pots :~ Vesuvius and Master Christine, ts. per 100; Jean Sisley, -js. ; Heartsease, 8j. ; Mrs C. Mappin, the best Silver-leaf with white flower, 10s. ; twelve varieties Dr. Denny's, \os. per 100 ; Jennie Dodds, los. ; Bull's New Double Ivy-leaf Geraniums of 1877, seven for 5^. : Dr. Denny's Zonals of 1877. seven for $s. Above to be sent out not later than first week in March. PETUNIAS.-Hender & Sons" Strain of Large Flowering, finest in cultivation, per sealed packet (250 seeds), zj. W. RENDER AND SONS, Bedford Nursery, Plymouth. G Francis g^ Arthur Dickson s Sons. 106 Easti^ate St.& fl^^cTrO ThcUptori'Nurserics Xjll £i 0 1 11jr TREES in POTS. —Grape Vines, extra strong, and warranted free from phylloxera, oidium, and all disease ; Planting Canes, -^s. td. to 5.^. each; extra strong Fruiting Canes, 7^. td. to io.r. td. each. Orchard-house Trees, fruiting in pots, con- jjsting of Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots. Plums. Cherries, Pears, Apples, and Figs. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. WORCESTER PEARMAIN APPLE (awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horti- cultural Society). — One of the handsomest and most useful Apples in cultivation. For full description see *' Extract from itvc Journal of Horticulture^' and Richard Smith & Co.'s Fruit List, which may be had for a penny stamp. Coloured Plates, td. each. Maiden Trees. \s. td. each ; Bushes, 3,?. each ; Standards, Pyramid and Dwarf-trained Trees, 35'. td. and IS. each. HARDY HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS, iheir scientific and English names, height, colour, time of flowering, and other useful information. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. Collection of 100 beautilul hardy varieties for Garden Beds, Borders, or Rockeries, for 30T. T 1ST of all the EVERGREEN FIR TRIBE, J— J suitable for Ptrltain, giving size, price, popular and botanical names, derivations, description, form, colour, foliage, growth, timber, use in arts, native country, and size there, situation, soil, and other information, with copious index of their synonyms. Free by post for six stanips. T 1ST of STOVE and GREENHOUSE \Ji PLANTS, comprising the best selections of Camellias, Azaleas, Ericas. Epacris, Ferns, &c., free for a penny stamp. LIST of EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, RHODODENDRONS. STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES. CLIMBING and TWINING PLANTS, wiih their generic, specilic, and English names, native country, height, time of flowering, colour, &c,, and general remarks, free for a penny stamp. ALL kinds of GARDEN SEEDS, of first quality. BULBS. MUSHROOM SPAWN, TOBACCO PAPER, ARCHANGEL MATS, and other GARDEN REQUISITES. Ste Lists, which may be h.id on application. •Ric HARD Smith &. c^; K= Worcester <^ "^ 'Rosea, Fruit Trees, and General Nursery Stock WB. ROWE solicits the inspection by • Nurserymen of his extensive stock of the above, which are well-grown, and fit for removal. Barboiime Nurseries, Worcester. A Superb Novelty. /BARTER'S NEW DOUBLE ESCH- \J SCHOLTZIA CROCEA, H. -pi.— Awarded the Royal Horticultural Society s First-class Certificate. Illustrated in the yournal o/ Horticulture, November 14, 1878. — " One of the grandest novelties of the floral world." Price 2i. td. per packet, post-free. For full descriptions see STERLING NOVELTIES gratis and post-free, from CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London. Superbly Illuminated. GARDENING GUIDE. \s. post-free, gratis to purchasers of seeds. " The most beautiful volume yet published." "THE BEST" CUCUMBER, Forcing Yard-long (Freeman's). "THE BEST" CABBAGE, Large Rapid Summer (Freeman's). "THE BEST" CAULIFLOWER. Veitch's Autumn Giaiit. "THE BEST" BROCCOLI, February Protecting (Freeman's). "THE BEST" POTATOS, Schoolmaster and Snowllake. "THE BEST" ASPARAGUS ROOTS. Connover's Colossal, " THE BEST " VEGETABLE MARROW, Giant Long White (Freeman's). "THE BEST"ONI0N. Bedfordshire Champion (Freeman's). FREEMAN and FREEMAN (late C. R. Freeman), Economic Seedsmen, Norwich, Owing to the Death of WM. CUTHBKRT, Esq., Beaufront Castle, Hexham, Norihumberland. the Trustees are prepared to receive Private Offers for the valuable Collection of large and handsome Specimen, Half-specimen, and other Plants suitable for the decoration of drawing, dining, and other rooms. Also the whole of the PINES, comprising Fruiters. Succession and Suckers, consisting principally of Queens and Smooth Cayennes. Thay are a fine, strong-grown, healthy lot. AUo a lot of STRAWBERRIES in splendid condition for forcing. To any one contemplating furnishing an establishment the present is an excellent opportunity. Amongst Cool, Intermediate and East Indian ORCHIDS the following are deserving of special mention : Aerides odoratum „ suavissimum Brassia verrucosa Calanthe Veitchii ,, vestita luteo-oculata ., ,, rubro-oculata Cattleya intermedia ,, Leopoldii „ Loddigesii ,, Mossiae Ccelogyne cristata Dendrobium album „ devonianum „ nobile ,, thyrsiflorum Lcelia autumnalis Laslia Dayana „ purpura ta Ly caste aromatica „ cruenta ,, Sktnneri Odontoglossum crispum „ cirrhosum ,, citrosmum roseum „ Insleayi Oncidium sphacelatum „ varicosum ,, tigrinum Saccolabium Blumei Sophronites grandiflora Trichopilia suavis ,, tortilis Zygopetalum crinitum The following amongst STOVE PLANTS suitable for exhi- bition purposes. The Crotons are handsome specimens from 8 feet high and ^% through to half-specimens. Anthurium Scherzerianum Croton variegatum „ pictum „ angustifolium „ majesticum „ Veitchii Dracxna Fraseri^ „ Henderson! „ Mooreana ,, excelsa „ nigro vulnera Cooperi Eucharis amazonica Euphorbia splendens Ixora coccinea superba Maranta roseo-picta ,, Veitchii „ zebrina Rondeletia speciosa major Stephanotis floribunda Urceolina aurea Begonias and Gloxinias Also Tree and other Ferns. The GREENHOUSE PLANTS comprise Palms, specimen and half-specimen trained Azalea indica, bristling with buds; Epacris, Dracsenas, Camellias finely set with buds ; also a fine lot of scarlet tuberous Begonias, &c. Inspection invited, and full particulars givan to intending purchasers on application to the HEAD GARDENER, Beaufront Castle, Hexham, Northumberland. Special Offer. WBALL AND CO., Bedford Road Nursery, • Northampton, having a very large stock of the under« mentioned TREES. &c., in fine condition for removal, have much pleasure in ofTering them at the following low prices :— ASH, 2 to 2j^ feet, fine, i8i. per looo. BERBERIS AgUlFOLIA, i to \% foot, very fine, i2J. per lODO. ELMS, Canadian, 8 to lo feet stems, w!th good heads, loor. per loo. ,, English (upright), 6 to 7 feet stems, fine, with good heads, 9o.f. per 100. HORNBEAM, 2 to 3 feet, fine, 2dJ'. per lox). LI .VIES, 8 to 9 feet, very fine, 50J. per 100; 9 to 11 feet, ditto, 705". per lOo. PRIVE'l", common. 1 feet, bushy. \os. per looO. ,, OVALIFOLIUM, 3 to 4 feet, very fine, %qs. per looO. WALNUTS. 6 to 7 feet stems, nice heads, 6oJ. per loo. CKERRIES, Morello, dwarf- trained, splendid stuff, iSi. p. dof. APRICOTS. Moorpark, dwarf-trained, splendid stuff, atj. par dozen. ROSES, extra fine stand irds, large heads, fine varieties, 4 feet stem>, no better in the trade, our sclenlion, 70J. p. 100. APPLES fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, tos. per 100. PEARS, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, 701. per 100, General CATALOGUE of Seed and Herbaceous Plants post- free on application. The Best Cauliflower. CARTER'S MONT BLANC — Snow-white head, very compact and firm. From Mr. S. Haines, Gr. to the Right Hon. Lord Radnor. — "Carter's Mont Blanc is a splendid white Cauliflower, keeping in condition a long time.'' Price \s td. and is. tit. per packet, post-free. See STERLING NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free, from CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London. January 25, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. lOI CRANSTON'S NURSERIES, Established 1785. EIGHTY ACRES. ROSES, FRUIT TREES, CONIFERS, FOREST TREES, &e. Descriptive and Priced Catalogue for 1S78 now ready. Address — _ _ CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD. WM. PAUL & SON, d (Successors to the late A. Paul & Son, r^t' Established 1S06,) ROSE GROWERS, TREE, PLANT, BULB, AND SEED MERCHANTS. WALTHAM CROSS HERTS. Adjoining the " Waltham " Station Great Eastern Railway. Inspect loK 0/ stock invited. Priced Descriptive Catalogues free by post. KITCHEN GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS, SEED POTATOS, GARDEN REQUISITES, fie. IRELAND & THOMSON'S Descriptive and PriceJ CATALOGUE for 1879 SENT POST-FKEE. ON APPLICATION. SEED WAREHOUSE: 20, WATERLOO PLACE, EDINBURGH. Vecetable&FlowerSeeds Seed Potatos.Tools&c Best QualiwT' €abmm.gie Ebteie. Prjfjej) €atalbgu:e^FostFjbe]e. JAMESDICKSON&SONS ''sEEDr GROWERS. if^lWf'^Tffi'W lOSEASTGATEST.^MfiS i Hill EAST LOTH I AN NEW CRIMSON. STOCK, TODD & CO. Offer Seed of this splendid variety, saved fiom the original stock wliich tor years has produced qo per cent, of double tlowers It is most brilhanc in colour, and possesses the true £ait Lothian habit. In Uciober last cut bKioms of the Crimson East Lothian Stock were sent for exhibi'ion before the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, but unfortunately were not delivered in lime. Mr. Barron in informing us of this, says : — " They were, however, exhibited to the companv, and very much admired ; the colour was very brilliant." In September last cut spikes were sent to Messrs. E. G. Henderson & Son, Pine- apple Nui sery, London, who say ; — ** It is certainly a very fine variety, being much brighter in colour than the oidinary scarlet." Mr. Robertson Munro, Abercom Nurseries, Edinburgh, one of the largest growers of flowers for the Edinburgh Market, says : — " I have given up the scarlet variety, as it is quite super- seded by your crimson, which is the most brilliant Stock I know, and should be grown largely by every market florist, and by all gardeneis.'' Mr. Alexander Gibson, the Gardener, Vogrie, near Edinburgh, writes to Mr. Todd : — '* I have grown the Crimson East Loihian Stock every season since you gave me a pinch of seed in 1871. It is quite distinct and immensely superior to the scarlet variety, and has been admired by all who have seen it here. It cannot be too well known." \s. and 2s. 6d. per Packet, Also PURPLE. ROSE. SCARLET, WHITE, and WHITE WALLFLOWER-LEAVED, \s. and -zs. 6d. per packet. AMATEURS' PACKETS, 6d. each. MAGNUM BONUM ONION SEED. WAND J. BROWN beg to offer this • splendid Onion at 8^/. per ounce, post-free— grown by them from large selected bulbs. Mr. F. Marsom, a grower in liedfordshire. writes that he has grown over 2 ions per acre more of this Onion than the White Spanish, and over a ton more than Bedfordshire Champion. He adds, it is a much better shape and keeps longer than any other sort. Seed Merchants, 56. High Street. Stamford. WHEELER'S LITTLE BOOK, SHORT SELECT SEED LIST For 1879, Should be in the hands of every one who desires to grow the best of everything at the least expense. It is full of very valuable information on Gardening. iciiujffi I Wheeler's Little Book is a very great favourite, and has been reviewed most favourably by the Horticultural Press. It con- tains an Almanac and complete Calendar of Garden Operations. Post-free for Twelve Stamps. Gratis to Customora. WHEELER & SON, SEED GROWERS, GLOUCESTER. G EO. J ACKM AN & SON, (Established i8ro,) Cultivators of FRUIT and FOREST TREES, Evergreen and Flowering TREES and SHRUBS. ROSES, RHODODENDRONS, Conifers and^Hardy Climbers. TODD & CO., SEEDSMEN AND FLORISTS, MAITLAND STREET, EDINBURGH. THE CLEMATIS A SJ'ECIALITV, Descriptive Priced Catalogues free. WOKING NXJRSEBY, SURREY. "VVrESTWOOD PARK BROCCOLI.— A ' V iiew and exceedingly fine late white protecting sort. It comes into use during May and June, is dwarf and compact, of very unifjrm habit, beautifully white, thcrouahly protec'ed. and of most excellent nujliiy. It is undoubtedly a dfclded acqui^'inon. Price i.t. 6 ^. per packet. It can also be supplied by the following Seedsmen : — Backhouse & Son, York. Brown, W. &, J., Stamford. Barr & Sugden, London. Cooper, W. R.. London. Daniels Bros , Norwich. Dickson, F. & A., Chester. Dickson. Brown & Tait, Manchester. [chester. Dickson & Robinson, Man- Dickson & TurnbuU. Perth Dickson & Co., Edinburgh. Di.xon. E. P., Hull, Downie & Laird, Edinburgh. Drummond, W., & Sons, Dii''lin Edmondson Eros., Dublin. Hurst & Son, London. House. J'lhn, Peterborough. Howden & Co., Inverness. Hogg & Robertson, Dublin. JefFcries & Son, Cirencester. Laird & Sinclair, Dundee. Matthews, R. B.. Belfast. Paul, \V., & Son, Waltham. Ruih, E., Chester. Strachan, J., Wrexham. Stuart. Mein & Allen. Kelso. Smith, W , & Son, Aberdeen. Walker, John. Thame, ORic HARD Smith & c^- 'htP W 0 R G E S T E R ^4, ONE GUINEA COLLECTION of VEGETABLE SEEDS, containing 6 quarts of exctUent Peas for succession, and 50 packets uf other leading sorts of SEEDS, all of best quality. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in Fn'^lnnd. •Richard Smith &C2- m- W 0 R C E S T E R ^if Economy In Gardening. TO PURCHASERS OF LARGE QUANTITIES. Asylum';, Unions, Hotels, and Public Institutions. SUTTON AND SONS are prepared to place purchaser.e; of large quantities on favourable terms. Apply, stating quantities required, to SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. Reading. If you want Flowers of all the best kinds, and grow them to perfection, send for H. CAN- NELLS ILLUSTRATED FLORAL GUIDE. It is the ^'■desideratum" of the day ; every word is much jnore to the prac- tical purpose on the Cultivation of Flowers than any other ever issued. Gardeners Chronicle speaks of my Nursery thus :— ■■ One of the most important manufactories of Soft-wooded Plants and their Seeds in the country. Millions of seedling plants of such subjects as Chinese Primulas, Calceolarias, Cyclamen &c , are raised here, and Mr. Cannell does an exteii- sive business through the Post-office. Plants for foreign transit are sent out in very simple but efficient plant cases, which can be tossed about without it or its contents sustaining any damage." Shirley Hibberd, Esq., the Editor of the Gardeners' Magazine, also reports my " Guide " thus : — •' Literature.— This is something more than a trade list J it " a book, and requires to be dealt with as such. It differs materially from trade lists generally, giving a few only ot the best and most distinct in the several classes, accompanied with wonderlidly full and accurate descriptions. Ihe cultural and other notes are remarkable for their freshness and originality, and should be read by all. ' G. Glenn Y, Esq., speaks of my " Floral Guide" thus :— " We said last week that trade catalogues were puzzles to amateur growers who want a few cho ce flowers and see a list of two or three hundred or more, and noihing to indicate what they want. Cannells of Swanley is an exception; it is a • Floral Guide.' The list contains all tlie good thmgs in culti- vation. Cannell in floriculture is what Loudon was in general gardening ; his research is somewhat astounding. The most important feature in the work is a vivid description of the sub- jects that he has grown and proved, from his own pen. It is alike valuable to the ine.\perienced amateur and the country nursery- man, and contains a mass of information from which the amateur may learn much." The Editor of the Floral World also speaks of it thus : — " ■ Cannell's Illustrated Floral Guide ' refers to flowers and bedding plants and their seed solely, and may be considered the most complete representative catalogue ot its kmd pub- lished." , , . , Llovd 5 speaks of it thus ; — •' Catalogues. &c.. received.— H. Cannell's (Sw.anley Junc- tion) ' Floral Guide ' is, as usual, full of practical information and liberally illustrated. It partakes more of a standard work than a catalogue, and should be in the possession of every lover ol a garden.'' //. C.'s SEED LIST is also by far the most valuable ez'cr issued. Sent, postfree, to all applicants. H. CANNELL, F.R.H.S., The Home for Flowers. SWANLEY, KENT. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. Giant Early Marrow. THE EARLIEST IN CULTIVATION. " It is a splendid Cabbage. Mrs. Williams cut some lait season only eight weeks p'anled out, weighing 7 lb. each. "—Mrs. Williams, Kilmaganny, Ireland. THE BEST FLAVOURED CABBAGE. " I am greatly pleased with your Dkfiance Cadbage, which is in all respects the best flavoured, mildest, and finest I have ever seen." — Rev. H. N. Ormsby, Carrig Vicarage, Jan. 13, 1879. THE BEST EXHIBITION VARIETY. " I have taken two First Prizes this ytar with your Defiance Caubage. I have not seen a Cabbage in this neighbonihood to equal them." — Mr. Tappenden, Lee, August 8, 1878. THE MOST PROFITABLE KIND TO GROW. "I had a packet of Daniels' Defi- ance Cabbage seed of you last season, and have had some noble Cabbages. Pome ol them 1 sold in the market at ^d. and 6'/. each, such as have not been seen in our market." — T. S. Wood, Shrewsbury. Is the finest and best Cabbage in the world for all puiposes, be iting every other variety for earlims!, quality, flavour and size. Price in our own Sealed Packets, 1.'. id. each, 51. per oz. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS' DF FIANCE CABliAGE.' DAN I ELS- DEFIANCE CAB PAGE. DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS, NORWICH. 102 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. (January 25, 1879. C a.TriPlH?!. S WM. PAUL AND SON ' (Successors to the late A. Paul & Son, established 1806), Paul's Nurseries. Waltham Cross, Herts, invite attention to their large stock of the above. The collection, which comprises upwards of 200 varieties, is now coming into flower, and will continue in bloom throughout February and March. Plants nicely set with bloom-buds can be supplied from 30^. to I20i. per dozen. Specimen plants from 21s. to ,£30 each. Visitors by railway can enter the Nurseries from the plat- form. Waltham Station, Great Eastern Railway, half an hour's ride from London. R I M U L A S — P R I M U L A S. "W. Foster.— Yours is a very fine strain, the flowers being large, very richly coloured, and nicely fimbriated." — See Gnrdencjs Chronicle, January 18. Seed of the above unsurpassed strain, is. hd. per packet. PETUNIA.— From enormous French varieties, very choice, 2J. per packet, post-free. WILLIAM FOSTER, Nurseryman, Stroud. The Best Frame Cucumber. SUTTON'S DUKE of CONNAUGHT, remark.ably handsome, and the finest white-spined variety known. Perfectly level, from 22 to 26 inches in length, very imiform, with a bright green skin, well covered with bloom, spine scarcely discernible, and the fruit very little ribbed. Wonderfully small handle, and decidedly superior for exhibition, i^. 6i/. and 25. bd. per packet, post-free. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. To Gentlemen, Builders, and the Trade. ROBERT AND GEORGE N E A L, Wandsworth Common and Garrett Lane Nurseries, beg respectfully to call attention to their large and varied Stock of HARDY. ORNAMENTAL, FOREST. FRUIT TREES and SHRUBS, which are grown at their Nurseries, especially those Trees, &c., which are most suitable for growing in or near large towns. An early inspection invited. All goods delivered free on rail in London, or at own residence, within five miles of the Nurseries. CATALOGUES free by post on application. Established Upwards of a Century. DICKSONS AND CO., NURSERYMEN, Seedsmen, and Florists, r, Waterloo Place, Edin- burgh, beg to call the allention of those about to plant to their extensive Stock of FOREST TREES, SHRUBS for Game Coverts, FRUIT TREES, &c., which have been grown in exposed situations. D. & Co. are now sending out their Bedding VIOLAS and PANSIES (of which they hold the largest stock in the country), Early and Late PHLOXES, &c. Descriptive CATALOGUES free on application. One Penny Each. GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS.— The finest scarlet Gladiolus in cultivation, also FLORI- EUNDUS, nearly pure white, fine sound Flowering Bulbs, any quantity, from i to 10,000, at the above price. A few thousand Smaller Bulbs, mixed, at 5s. per 100. Also HOLLYHOCKS, fine seedling plants, at arf. each, 2i. id. per dozen, £,\ per 100. Double DAISIES, Red, White, and Hen-and-Chickens, 5^. per 100 : Double dark Crimson, 6^. per 100. CATALOGUE for 1879, containing 500 Illustrations, post-free or iSm BIDDLES AND CO., The " Penny Packet Seed Company," Loughborough. HOICE FLOWER SEEDS. c STOCK. East Lothian, very select strains. Crimson, superb. For opinions of eminent Horticulturists, see Advertisement in Gardeners' Chronkle of Jan. 18. Purple, Scarlet, White, and White Wallflower-leaved, per packet, td., is., and 25. 6d. ASTER. Betteridge's superb Quilled Globe (Seed direct from iMr. Bctteridge). ,, 24 varieties, separate, including latest novelties, 2S. 6d. ,, 12 ditto ditto, 1^. 6d. ,, mixture of24 splendid varieties: per packet 3(/., 6d., and is. MARIGOLD, superb Gold-striped French, saved from per- fectly double, beautifully striped flowers, ex. ex.; per packet. 6d. and is. COCKSCOMB, Sime's superb strain, 1st prize at Carlisle International Show, and wherever exhibited. Was shown at Edinburgh with comb over 40 inches long. Per packet, 1^. and 2S. 6d. PANSY, Show, from a superb collection of named E.xhibition varieties : per packet, i^. and 2^. td. Fancy, from a first-rate collection of named flowers : per packet, IS. and 2s. 6d. Above free by post. TODD AND CO., Seedsmen and Florists, Maitland Street, Edinburgh. The Handsomest SEED CATALOGUE for 1879 contains a list of the best Vegetable and Flower Seeds, and many novelties of this season, with descriptions of each. Plain and practical directions for their cultivation. Only the very best, new and unadulterated seeds supplied, and priced as low as possible for best quality. Gratis and post-free from FELTON AND SONS, Royal Nurseries and Seed Ware- house, Harborne Road, Birmingham. E E D LI N GS, SEEDLINGS. 2,000,000 Native LARCH, i-yr. 5oo,coo Tyrolese LARCH, i-yr. 1,000,000 Native Scotch FIR, i-yr. 500,000 Native Scotch FIR, 2-yr. j,ooo,ooo Spruce FIR, 2-yr. 100,000 Silver FIR, 2-yr. zoo,ooo Silver FIR, 3-yr. 600,000 BEECH, I-yr. 150,000 BIRCH, I-yr. 100,000 BIRCH, 2-yr. 500,000 ALDER, I-yr. 100,000 ALDER, 2-yr. 400,000 PINUS AUSTRIACA and LARICIO, I-yr. and 2-yr. 50,000 LABURNUM, I-yr. 100,000 SYCAMORE, t-yr. 100,000 THORN QUICK, i-yr. 200,000 THORN QUICK, 2-yr. The above are generally of first-class quality. Prices and sample on application to MICHAEL BURKE, Drumlargan and Garadice Isurseries, Co. Meath, Kilcock, Ireland. DANIELS' NORFOLK GIANT BROCCOLI. For use in March, April and May. The largest, hardiest, whitest and best Broccoli in the world. Has been grown during the past season to the enormous weight of 28 lb. each. A grand variety, of compact habit, stem robust and short ; flower-heads exceedingly large and beauti- fully white, being well protected with luxuriant overlapping foliage. A most valuable market variety ; sells readily at Covent Garden and Provincial Markets at a high figure. NORFOLK GIANT BROCCOLI Can be obtained only direct from us in our own Sealed Packets. Is. 6d. per Packet. DANIELS BROS., ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT, NORWICH. TRANSPLANTED FOREST TREES. ASH, Common, 2, 3, to 4 feet, stout. BEECH, Common, ij^ to 2>^ feet, stout. LARCH, Fir, i to I'A foot, very fine and cheap. HAZEL, Common. 2 to 3 feet, and 3 to 4 feet, very fine. POPLAR, Black Italian, Balsam and Lombardy, 2, 3, to 5 feet. TRANSPLANTED FRUIT TREES. CHERRIES, Standards. Maidens and Cutbacks, leading sorts. APRICOTS, PEACHES, .and NECTARINES, dwarf Maidens. FRUIT TREE STOCKS :— Brussels, Mussel, Brompton, Conunon Plum and Pear. TRANSPLANTED CONIFERS, TREES AND SHRUBS. CEDRUS DEODARA. bushy, fine, I'A, 3. 5. to 7 feet- CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS, 2, 3 to s feet, fine. CUPRESSUb LAWSONIANA, i to 10 feet, for screens. PICEA NORDMANNIANA. specimens, 2, 3, 5, to 7 feet. PINUS CEMBRA, fine, 2. 3. 5. 'o 7 feet. RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA, i, 2. 3, to 5 feet, fine. THUJA GIGANTEA, 2, 3. 5, to 6 feet, fine. ,, LOBBI, 6 to 8 feet, suitable for screens. THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, 3, 4, to 5 feet, fine. AUCUBA JAPONICA, bushy, iK to 2 feet. HOLLIES, Green, bushy, 3, 6, to 9 feet. ,. Variegated, bushy, 2, 3, 4, to 6 feet. YUCCAS, of sorts, fine. CHESTNUT, Horse, 7, 8, 10. to 12 feet, for avenues. THORNS. Standards, of sorts, extra fine. POPLARS, of sorts, 8, 10, to 12 feet. LIMES, very stout, 10, 12, to 15 feet, for avenues. PRIVET. Box-leaved, i, 2. to 3 feet, for hedges or covert. MANETTI Rose stocks, fine and cheap. AMPELOPSIS VEITCHII, inpots. CLEMATIS JACKMANNI, and others, in pots. DAPHNE CNEORUM, fine. The whole of the above Stock is in excellent condition for removal, of first-class quality, and grown in large quantities, and oH'ered at low prices. For particulars apply to GEORGE JACKMAN AND SON, Woking Nursery, Surrey. PI N E-APPLE MAIDA VALE, N U RSERY, LONDON, W. E. G. HENDERSON & SON'S NEW SEED CATALOGUE (.Tm- Stamfs will ensure a copy) K I . Contains all that is best in the VEGETABLE Xtjf, and FLOWER DEPARTMENTS. Nearly l^s^^ ^^^ Illustrations, with descriptive matter, fr^^^ are given to help out the impoitant value of it to the Purchasers of Seeds. Special attention is devoted and has been for years to the FLORIST'S FLOWERS, such as PRIMULAS, CALCEOLARIAS, CINERARIAS, PANSIES, BALSAMS, BEGONIAS, CYCLAMEN, MIMULUS, PELARGONIUMS, PETUNIAS, ZINNIAS, STOCKS, ASTERS, &c. At page 68 of this paper, on January 18, the NEW JAPANESE VEGETABLES and FRUITS are described, also Choice and Select NOVELTIES of the Season in FLOWER SEEDS. E. G. H. & Son's Selection of the following are from their select and choice cultivated collection, of which they have many thousands now ready. They may be sent safely through the post. BEGONIAS, splendid assortments, 9s. .and 12J. per dozen sorts ; mixed, 6i. per dozen. CALADIUMS, distinct varieties, i8j. per dozen sorts. GLOXINIAS, beautiful v.arieties, bs. and 91. per dozen sorts. ACHIMENES, distinct and choice sorts, 2s. and 35. per dozen sorts. GESNERAS, fine selection, 41. and is. per dozen sorts. DAHLIAS, best of all sections, 4i. and 61. per dozen sorts. CHRYSANTHEMUM CUTTINGS, 21. td. per dozen varieties, and 16^. per 100. (New and rare varieties of the above, see prices in Catalogue.) SPIRiEA JAPONICA, with golden variegated leaves, is. bd. each. COFFEE PLANTS, New Liberian, at per dozen, 100, or 1000. THE NOVELTY OF THE SEASON. GILBERT'S NETTED VICTORY MELON. The only white-fleshed Melon that was awarded a First-class Certificate by the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1S78. • It is a good grower, free setter, and of a most exquisite flavour. Price, per pkt. of six seeds, 2S. id. Trade terms on application. W. & J. BBOWN, SEED MERCHANTS, 56, HIGH STREET, STAMFORD. CLEARANCE SALE, AT UNUSUALLY LOW PRICES, OF THE WHOLE OF THE EXCELLENT STOCK OF TREES, EVERGREENS, &c., Now Growing in the QUEEN'S PARK AND EATON ROAD NURSERIES, CHESTER. For Particulars apply to JAMES DICKSON & SONS, NEWTON" NURSERIES, CHESTER. B PEAT SOIL, PEAT S O I L.— BROWN FIBROUS, good quality, for Orchids, Pot Plants, Ferns, &c., jC6 6s. per truck. BLACK, good quality for American Plants, Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, &c., l^s. per ton, or 6-ton truck for ii los. Delivered on rail at Black- water, S.E.R., or Camberley, S.W.R., by the truckload. Cash with order. Sample sack, 5s. 6d., or four sacks, 20s. HOLDER AND SON, Crown Nurseries, Reading. Fibrous Peat for Orchids, &c. ROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids, Stove Plants, &c., £6 6s. per truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 15^. per ton. Delivered on rail at Blackwater, S. E. R., or Famborough, S. W. R., by the truckload. Sample bag, 41. ; 5 bags. '°'- '• 10 bags, 36^. Bags, 4d. each. Fresh SPHAGNUM, los. 6d. per bag. WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants. PEAT for RHODODENDRONS and ordi- nary POT PLANTS, in trucks containing 14 yards or Io.ads. put on rail at Ringwood Station, £3 15.5. Carriage paid to London or any Station on the L. & S. W. Railway, jCs 5S. per truck of foiu-teen loads. Cash or reference. J. PRYER, Manager, Peat Stores, Vauxhall Station and Ringwood. ARDEN REQUISITES.— COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, as supplied to Her Majesty and most of the leading Nurserymen and Gardeners. ^d. per bushel ; 100 for 2or. ; truck (loose, 250 bush.), 30J. 4-bushel bags, 4iD. byi4-iii.,2o-in. by i6-in., 20-in. by iS-in., in i6-oz. & 21-02, B Glasshouses. W. WARHURST (late Hereman& Morton), » will give Prices for all kinds of HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS IN WOOD, on receipt of particulars. Price Lists free. A Pamphlet for three stamps. B. W. WARHURST, 43, Highgate Road, London, N.W. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL IRON WORKS, -S' TA FFORDSHIRE j 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. ; and 180, BUCHANAN STREET, GLASGOW. -a. GALVANISED FITTINGS FOE Wiring Garden Walls^ Training Fruit Trees Admitted by every practical gardener to be an immense im- provement upon the old system of nails and shreds, no damage being done to the wall, and the tying being effected in a much better manner and in a quarter of the time ; all the fittings are galvanised, thus making them imperishable. PRICES. s. d. GALVANISED EYES for Guiding the Wires upon the Walls .. .. .. o 4 per dozen. GALVANISED TERMINAL HOLD- FASTS ; two required for each line of wire .. .. .. .. .. I g ,, GALVANISED RAIDISSEURS, for Straining the Wires .. .. ..30 „ WINDING KEY for same o 4 each. EYE BOLTS, to use instead of Raidis- seurs .. .. .. .... 3 o per dozen. Best No. 14 GALVANISED WIRE .. 2 o per 100 yards. Car7-ia^e paid upon all Orders of 40s. aud 7ipv>ards. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. IMPROVED PORTABLE POULTRY HOUSE, PHEASANTRY or AVIARY. The Roosting Laying House is made of wood, painted green outside and lime-whited inside, with run underneath for shade and shelter ; new circular-shaped galvanised roof, which is very ornamental, and affords good ventilation ; fitted with shifting perches, sliding window, large door and lock for attendant, small door for fowls, and hen ladder, no nest boxes. Strong galvanised Wire Run, as illustrated, with door, and lock, and all necessary bolts and nuts complete. Prices — Carriage paid to any railway station iti En^^land .* 1st size. No I, with run complete, 12 feet long, 4 feet wide . . . . .j^S o o 2d size, No. 2, with run complete, 12 feet long, 5 feet wide .. ,, 9170 3d size, No. 3, with run complete, 16 feet long, 6 feet wide 1500 Houses can be had without runs if required. New Illustrated Catalogue free on application. BOULTON AND PAUL, Norwich. BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, Patentees and Manufacturers of Wrought Iron CONTINUOUS BAR FENCING, Iron Hurdles, Strained Wire Fencing, Field and Entrance Gates, Tree Guards, &c., VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON, and 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London, E.C. Catalogues free on application. GOLD MEDAL AWARDED TO ijj. J, THOMAS&CO. Paris Exhibition, 1S78. For Wire applied to Horticaltural Purposes. FITTINGS for WIRING WALLS. NEW and IMPROVED SYSTEM. The following prices give the total cost of each line of wire, including holdfasts, straining bolt, intermediate guiding eyes, 10 feet apart, and best quality galvanised wire :— Length of Wall— 20 yds. 40 yds. 60 yds, 80 yds. 100 yds s. d. s. d. s, d. s. d, s. d. No. 14 Guage Wire 10 17 21 27 31 No. 13 ,, ,, I 3 1 10 2 5 3 o 3 7 Illustrated Lists, with full particulars of the above^ and Fittings for Espalier Trainers, on very economical principles, free on application. Five per cent, discount allowed for prompt cash on Orders amounting to 20^. and upwards. Special iiuotatioKs/or larger quantities. J. J. THOMAS & CO., Paddington Iron and Wireworks, 285 and 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W, P.O. Orders to be made payable at 310, Edgware Road. THE SOLE HIGHEST AWARD AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION, FOR GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. THE SILVER MEDAL And the Report of the Jury that J. B. B3.0WN & CO.'s Netting was tho Finest in the Exhibition. Also the Sole Highest Awards at Vienna, 1873, Philadelphia Centennial, 1876, and h I tl I\ -tting has been exhibited. Pit s p > Lm rt Yard, 24 in. Itii^h : — Size of Mesh. Mostly used for V 5 Or Light. V M 0 Or Medi- um. I 3 rt Or Strong. 2 ill. If in. liin. Dogs or Poultry . .Small Rabbits, &c. Smallest Rabbits. 19 19 19 2,%d. 5\d. 18 18 18 Aid- 5id 6ld 17 17 17 6id. 8d. %• IRON HURDLES, IRON BAR and WIRE FENC- ING. GATES, &c. FRUIT ESPALIER and WALL WIRING MATERIALS. PRICE LISTS free on application. J. B. BROWN & CO., 90, CANNON STREET, LONDON. MAIN'S GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. REDUCED PRICES. COMPARE PRICES and aUALITY. Mesh. PRICE PER YARD, TWO FEET WIDE. Light. Medium. Strong. Extra Strong s. d. o s% o 6 o 7K d. s. d. s. d. 2 .. .. o 2^ ., .. o 3% .. .. o 4}i iVi ., ..03%.. ..04 .. .. o aH 1/2 •• .04 ,. .. O 4% .. ..06 I .. .. o 7j'j .. ..o 9 .. ..ID .. -.1 4 Other widths at equally low i^rices. 200 yards sent carriage free to most railway stations. Price Lists Free. A. & J. MAIN & CO., 108, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C, And at Glasgow, EdinbiU"gh, and London. I04 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1879. KING NOBLE. K I N G K I N G K I N G K I N G K I N G THE FINEST FIRST EARLY POTATO. " I obtained a splendid crop of KING NOBLE POTATOS, which are excellent for table. I think highly of it, and intend planting it next season." — W. Allan, Gardener to Lord Suffield, Cnntoii Park, Oct. II, 1878. THE MOST PROLIFIC FIRST EARLY POTATO. "KING NOBLE is a most abundant cropper, and the tubers are of good quality." — James Pink, Gardener to Lord Sondes, Lees Court, Oct. 9, 1878. THE HANDSOMEST FIRST EARLY POTATO. " Your Potato, KING NOBLE, which you sent me for trial, proved a very excellent sample, both in regard to its even, handsome, round shape, and cropping qualities." — Wm. Earley, Editor of " Villa Gardener^'' '' Horticultural Rccord^^ (J^r., Oct. 7, 1878. KING NOBLE comes into use at the same time as the true Old Ash- leaf, is of fine flavour, and cooks remarkably well. The tubers are medium sized, smooth, handsome, and shallow-eyed, and are produced in great abundance. KING NOBLE is of dwarf, compact habit (i foot), and will be found most valuable for early frame work and market purposes. KING NOBLE. PRICE : 4s. per Peck of 14 lb, 14s. per Bushel of 56 Va. CAN BE OBTAINED ONLY OF N O B L E N O B L E N O B L E N 0 B L E N 0 B L E DANIELS BROS. Seedsmen to Her Majesty the Queen, and His Royal Hig/tness the Prince of ll'ales, NOBWICH, F R U I T T R E E S . THE ROYAL NURSERIES, MERRIOTT, SOMERSET, Are well stocked with all kinds of FRUIT TREES, including above 1000 distinct varieties of APPLES, 200 sorts of CHERRIES, 100 sorts of GOOSEBERRIES, 1200 varieties of PEARS, and 200 sorts of PLUMS, and other kinds in similar proportions. PfilCED CATALOGUE FREE ON APPLICATION TO J. Geo. Hill, % (Late SCOTT), NURSERYMAN and SEEDSMAN, MERRIOTT, SOMERSET. fr CAUTION ! 'X _,., --- , ctn's jV. /^THE -ADVANTAGES 0F\ gV>4mT;tr n n.i n„- t H.„HlLi»J" ^ ^V „. ^A^-=°'^^ nflhlll llimillWHllllliHUl mill L JM •* /the only ENGLISH SEEDHOUSE/ O- ^^igfe \b \ PROCURING -SEEDS DIRECT \ ', aji.-^.-.^... ' ■■-^^' ■■-:-'... ^- ■ / i^ tKSHF ^ ; nBJ»iiiiiiiinui^iiiiimiiiiiiiiijiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiniuiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiii]i]iiiiiiiiiiii[yiuuy_^' /AWARDED-FIVEGOLD-MEa/aS / ' — ^....u.i I, .1.11.11 ll„.H,.,l,>^ PARIS-1878/ Rb^z \ '^""'^ THE ■ GROWE^^^^ I TUC 0\ \E.EN5|| Seedsmen to hr- iSEEDSIVIENj , ■ .SEED. FARMS DEDHAM.ARDIEIGH & S^ OSYTH londOT GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS. Thomas Methven & Sons BEG TO INTIMATE THAT THEIR DESCRIPTIVE PRICED CATALOGUE of KITCHEN GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS, GLADIOLI, IMPLEMENTS, &c., for 1879, IS NOIV READY, AND MAY BE HAD, POST-FREE, 0.\ APPLICATION. EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK (true), White, Purple, and Scarlet. In packets, IS., 2s. 6d.y and 5^. each colour. SNOW-WHITE WALL-LEAVED EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK. In packets, i^., 2s. Cd., and 55-. each, NEW CRIAISON EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK (Cowe's). In packets, zs. 6tf. and ss. Seed "Warehouses r 15, PRINCES STREET, and NURSERY GATE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH. PAXTON'S GALEN DAE. A'ow Ready, a thoroui:;!ilv Revised Edition of the COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. Price 3d., Post Free 3id. W.*,RICHARDS, 41. WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Januarv 25, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, t05 F" WEBB'S H PRODUCE A CONSTANT S--V1SUPPLY OF^^'® THE BEST VEGEIABkES t ALL THE YEAR ROUND 5 PER CENT DISCOUNT FOR CASH SEEDS OF. 20/ VALUE CARRIAGE, FREE' ^ 'IttDSTRATtD CATALOGUES POST FREE^ WEBB'S CHOICE NOVELTIES. WEBB'S WOODriELD MELON, per packet 2S. 6(i'. — the best green-fleshed. WEBB'S PERPETXTAIi BEARER CUCUM- BER, per packet 2^. dd. — very free bearer, fruit large and of deUcate flavour. "WEBB'S PERFECTIONrPEA, per quart is. 6cl — very early and prolific. WEBB'S TRIUMPH PEA (New), per quart 35 6d. — a wrinkled marrow of fine flavour and very pro- hfic, the best for main crop. WEBB'S CHAMPION BROCCOLI, per packet i^.^a magnificent variety, should be in every garden. WEBB'S EARLY MAMMOTH CAULI- FLOWER, per packet i^.— head large, firm, beautifully white, the best for main crop. SCHOOLMASTER POTATO (true stock), per peck 6s., per bushel 215. — a splendid new round variety ; the best Potato grown. WEBB'S SUPERB CINERARIA, per packet li. 6d. and 2s. 6d. — the finest strnin in cultivation, not to be surpassed. WEBB'S CHOICE PRIMULA, per packet IS. 6ti. and 2s. (yd. — saved from the finest fringed flowers. WEBB'S SUPERB CALCEOLARIA, per packet IS. 6ne to espalier-trained trees, although there is somewhat less need for it in trees of the latter form than in those of a denser shajie, and such as are trained against walls, the latter requiring the most thinning. Use every precaution .against unduly wounding the trees by making clean cuts in the right place, and no more of them than is necessary to secure the object in view : there will then be neither snags nor hollow wounds left behind. A strong sharp knife and a small sharp saw properly guaged, will be found sufficient for the purpose and superior to many of the more expensive and compli- cated tools. Standard orchard trees may be looked over when the weather is favourable, and any super- fluous branches cut out, but many young trees will probably require little beyond the unripe parts being taken olTand a litlle thinning and regulating, according to the natural habit of each particular sort. Fully deve- loped trees that are still vigorous may require to have the twigs of last summer's growth trimmed off the main branches, and a few bits cut out where the smaller branches are chafing e.ach other, but veiy old trees, like very old people, do not much like to be interfered with, and are often best left alone. Where rabbits and hares are numerous they have been put to great straits for food during this long winter, and have broken through in many places where it was thought they were securely shut out, especially in orchards and gardens, and as the bark of young fruit trees is one of their dainty dishes, care must be taken to see that the parts within re.ach are secure from their attacks. Where wire netting is not at hand for this purpose a good makeshift may be made with pieces of Gorse or thorns tied closely together round (he trees. Examine the fruit in the fruit-room fre- quently, and pick out for immediate use all that show signs of not keeping. Choice specimens of Apples January 25, iS-o.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Ill and Pears may now be wrapped in separate papers and put away in drawers, &c., where they will keep better than if left with the main bulk. F. Harrison, A'liou'shy. fRUIT HOUSES. Vines. — A keen biting north-east wind, under a leaden sky, with the thermometer ranging several degrees below the freezing point, however satisfac- tory to the weather prophets, are conditions the reverse of favourable to gardeners who are engaged in early forcing, as minimum heats at least must be maintained ; and fortunate are they who have their houses Well furnished with hot-water jiipes, good blinds for running down at night, and a plentiful supply of fermenting material which they can turn daily for the purpose of counteracting the parching influence of incessant fire-heat. Proceed with the tying and stnjiping of j'oung growths until the foun- dation of an even spread of foliage over every part of the trellis has lieen secured. Select the most com- pact bunches fur the ci.jp ; fertilise all shy-setting kinds with Hamburgh pollen as soon as they come into flower. Thin the most forward liunchcs of Hamburgh first, but defer the operation until the properly fertilised berries of ifuscats, Alicantes, and Mrs. Pincc begin to swell. These kinds, if grown with Hamburghs, should always have the warmest end of the house, as they require at least 5° more heat. Madresfield Court does well under Hamburgh treatment, and it is decidedly the best Muscat- flavoured Grape we have for early or mid-season house. Mrs. Pince's Muscat and Black Morocco should always have a house to themselves, and Gros Colmar should be planted where it can be started by the middle of February, as it requires more time than Lady Downe's, and always eats best from thoroughly ripened wood some time afcer the leaves have fallen. If the internal borders have not been watered since the early Vines were started they should have a good supply, at a temperature of 80° to 85°, as soon as the thinning Ras been brought to a close. The external covering should also have atten- tion, and if fermenting leaves are used a temperature of 80" must be kept up by means of additions and frequent turnings. Syringe succession-houses two or three times a day, and turn the fermenting materials frequently, for the twofold purpose of setting ammonia and moisture at liberty. Discontinue syringing when the bunches become prominent, but keep up atmo- spheric moisture by damping the paths and walls until they come into flower, when a free circulation of dry air with a little more heat will facilitate the set- ting process. Look well to fruiting pot Virjes ; thin early and guard against over-cropping ; feed well with tepid liquid-manure a few degrees warmer than the house, and add a little fresh top-dressing as the roots appear on the surface. Cut-back Vines intended for growing into fruiters may be taken into heat for start- ing, ancl when they have made 2 or 3 inches of growth shake out and repot in rich rough compost ; use pots 6 to 9 inches in diameter, plunge in a mild bottom- heat, and keep them near the glass. ■ Look over Grapes in the store-room, dispense with fire-heat as much as possible by keeping the shutters closed. Give sufticient air to prevent an accumulation of damp, and keep the bottles filled up with pure soft water. //'. Coleman, Eastnor Castle. Melons, if sown as recommended in our last Calendar, will now have made one or two rough leaves, and so soon as the roots have approached the side of the pots those intended for trellis-work — in the Melon-house — should receive a shift into small 32's, and be jilunged again in a bottom-heat of from 75° to 80°, and kept near the glass, previously putting a small stick to each plant for support, while those plants which are intended for planting in hot-water pits or dung frames for training over the surface of the beds can be planted uvit as soon as the soil has become of the same temperature as the pits or frames. The soil the Melon delights in is a good turfy loam, which has been cut and stacked the previous summer or autumn. The top 3 inches of a sheep or deer park, when to be had, or a down which has been grazed by sheep, is the best possible soil for the growth of the Melon, and kindred sulijccts of the vegetable world requiring a loamy soil. Assuming that this turf, if taken off a down, will be necessarily fihry from its being continually grazeil, and also that in consequence of the srnl being, as a rule, shallow it will be necessarily rich in consequence of the sheep being pastured on it, it will, without the addition of any other ingredient, be amply sufticient, so far as the soil is concerned, for the iiroducticjn of first-rate Melons. The turf should be clu>pped into small pieces, a couple of inches long. But, on the other hand, if the lo.am at hand should be ofa stiff and adhesive nature, old lime rubble or charcoal must be added in sufficient quantity to render it porous ; and if the loam should be ofa poor description one-fourth of well decomposed short dung (free from worms) should be added. The whole should be turned over twice, and when moderately dry got into the pit or frame — the same having been thoroughly cleansed — • the brickwork lime-washed, and the woodwork washed with soft soap and warm water — the glass with water only — previous to putting the soil in. Make a hillock in the centre of each light, by putting a barrowload or more of soil, according to the size of of the light, in each, and leave a space of at least 10 or 12 inches between the surface of the hillock and the glass, so that the foliage of the plants will not ultimately come in contact with the latter. In planting put two plants in each light, so that should one or more of the plants, in this the earliest planting, through damp or other causes, die, there may be no inconvenience or disappointment experienced later on in consequence. Moreover, if all the plants should grow and llourish, the shoots can be thinncd-out to the proper distance, and more fruit obtained from each light than could be secured from one planting^ In planting press the soil firmly around each plant, and see that it has been moderately moist at the root liefore turning it out of the pot ; then, as recommended on former occasions, make a ring of quicklime and ilry new soot around each plant, which will serve a double purpose, viz., that of preventing an unnecessary amount of moisture setting on or near the stems of the plants, and also of keeping slugs at bay. Stop the plants when they have conmienced to grow at the third rough leaf, and main- tain a bottom-heat as advised above, running up — when there is a chance— to 85° with sun. Sow some more seed for successional crops and fill up any vacancies that may take place through death or other causes. Get some more fermenting material ready for making up linings or additional hotbeds. //. W. Ward, Longford Castle Gardens. CtJCUMDEKS. — Now that the days are becoming longer and a little brighter, with a consequent increase in the growth of the plants, they will require a corresponding supply of water to the roots, and hence copious and frequent applications of tepid liquid manure in a diluted state. Maintain a night tempera- ture of from 60° to 68° (according to the state of the weather), running up to 85° or 90° with sun, with a bottom-heat of from 80° to 90°. Shut up the house early in the afternoon, and damp the patliways and plants with tepid water when the state of the weather and other circumstances require such operations. Look over the plants and remove forthwith any superfluous fruit or decayed portion of wood or leaf that may appear. Should mildew or red-spider put in an appearance, apply flowers of sulphur to the former (when the l^oliage is damp) and a soapy water- sponge to the latter, which will be the means of arresting their mischievous incursions, and should green or blackfly be troublesome fumigate lightly with tobacco-paper two evenings in succession, which will be more efiective and safer than filling the house too full at one time. Shift young plants as they require more room, and keep them near the glass till ready to pl.ant for trellis-training, putting a stick to each [ilant. The soil in which we find Cucumbers to grow satisfactorily is an admixture of three parts of light loamy soil and one of short dung (from an old hot- bed), road scrapings, and a little cliarcoal ; this mixture, we find, suits them admirably for the spring anil summer cultivation. The hillocks can be made the same as advised for Melons. The same holds good respecting the planting of plants intended to be fruited in pits or frames without trellises, as also advised for Melons, stopping the plants as soon as they have made a fresh growth — say at the third leaf; and as a preventive of the depredations of slugs, make a ring of soot and lime around each plant. H, ir. Ward, I.ougord Castle. PLANT HOUSES. Stoves. — The present winter, with the severe and continuous frost we have had, and a remarkable absence of sun, has been a most trying one for stove plants, the whole of the heat necessary having had to be kept up by artificial means ; and, as the difference between the internal and external air has been so great, this has licen no easy task, unless in cases where the heating apparatus is more than usually efficient. Should we get a recurrence of such weather, or, what is even worse, cold, cutting winds, it will be found that the coal liiU may be considerably lessened by covering at night the more exposed portion of the roof with tarpaulin, or anything of that kind that can easily and quickly be run up and down. It is surprising what an eftect even the thinnest male- rial has in helping the temperature, and .anything that tends to reduce artificial heat is not only a great gain in the matter of fuel, but is much in favour of the health of the plants. This being the case, the fires should be kept in abeyance every morning till the day declares itself and it can be seen whether the sun is likely to break through or not, as to get the pipes hot and then let in a rush of cold air by opening the ventilators is productive of much harm by the rapid motion it causes, thus robbing the atmosphere of most of its humidity, and causing a chill to the tender foliage of the occupants of the houses. This may readily be seen by their distressed appearance under such circum- stances, and more particularly such as have thin delicate leaves, the susceptibilities of which are more quickly affected than those of stouter texture. Where an early bloom is desired it will now be high time to think of starting such plants as Clcrodendron Hal- fourianum, the different kinds of AUamanda, liou- gainvillea glabra, &c., each of which are exceedingly useful during the summer months for conservatory decoration — a timewhcn they will remain much longer in beauty than where they arc subjected to more heat. It is the practice with some to shake these out of the old soil at once, but it will be found that they break far better and more regularly with their roots left undisturbed, and all that is necessary now is to give thenr the requisite pruning and slanil them in a position where their stems can be kept moist by being syringed occasionally, which with the balls main- tained in the same condition will soon put Ihcm on the move. As both the Pougainvillca and AUamanda flower on the young shoots they form, the thing is simply to leave sufficient of last year's growth to form a frame as it were when arranged ami trained to the trellis or stakes used for their support, and all beyond this should be cut away, leaving only a spur at the base, from which they break and furnish the plant. To get fine specimens of the beautiful Clerodendron Balfourianum it is necessary to retain and lay in as many of the long twining shoots as there is room for, the buds on which furnish the rich racemes of blooms that render it such a conspicuous object when well managed. Gloxinias, Achimenes, and Caladiums, so useful and lasting when got in early, should at once be brought forward by having the soil just moistened, and standing them where they will get a little more heat than where they have been wintered. Achimenes are best managed by having their tubers picked out and laid in pans of finely sifted leaf-mould, from which they can be transferred to their flowering pots. Forcing Houses. — ^Among plants for forcing none are more showy and serviceable than l-ihodo- dendrons, the early-flowering kinds of which, sub- jected to a little moist heat, may be Iiad in in a few weeks, and as they will endure an ordinary green- house or conservatory temperature, they are doubly valuable on that account. The best and most distinct are altaclarense, Brilliant, Broughtonianum, cauca- sicum, c. album and pictum, ignescens, coriaceum, Jacksoni, Mars, and the different kinds of Nobleanum, "of which the latter are all good. As companion plants to these and equally useful are the Cdicnt or hardy Azaleas, the delicate tints of which when forced far surpass any that are ever seen in the open. For cutting, too, the flowers of these are of great value, and lieing most of them very sweet-scented are the more prized on that account. To afford us a list of delicate greenery to dress with them and others, Solomon's Seal should not be forgotten, as there is nothing to approach it in the exquisite finish it gives to any vase or epergne in which it maybe used. This and Lily of the Valley may be considerably advanced in any dark place or beneath other plants, as may also Dielytra spectabilis and others of that class. Lilacs, too, and the Azaleas above named, together with [Azalea mollis] lieutzias, Weigelas, and such-like, are amenable to the same kind of treatment, but once the buds of these are fairly on the move light is essential to aid them in their development, and induce the blooms to come strong and fine. The great scarcity of yellow flowers renders Cupressus racemosus most acceptable just now, but, being impatient of artificial heat, they must be brought on slowly, and will then come in to replace Coronilla glauca, a most valuable plant for winter decoration. ' Directly any of these latter are over, a little warmth is of great assistance in pushing them into fresh growth, which, made early and well ripened during the summer, is sure to produce a good display hereafter. In the matter of seed- sowing, that of Cyclamens should not be longer deferred, as any raised now and pushed on in a stove temperature will make corms sufficiently large and strong to flower at this time next year. A pinch of Schizanthus retusus and S. papilioriaceus, with the beautiful little blue Browallia elata, will make fine pot-plants for the greenhouse if nursed on in light rich soil, and stood in a warm place near the glass. J. Sliefpard, IToolverstone. EciIEVERlA RETUSA. — This is one of the most showy of succulents when in flower, and there are now several in the succulent-house at Kew. It is not one of those requiring an educated taste to appreciate — none can fail to admire the delicate reddish-orange colour or waxy texture of the Ijcll-shaped flowers. We recom- mend that propagation for next winter's flowering ere long receives attention. The young plants during summer may be utilised among others of the same class in forming beds, and be lifted carefully in the autumn. A few of K. metallica should also be taken up at the same time, for both afford an attractive feature among ordinary greenhouse plants, 112 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januauy 25, 1879. THE SATURDAY, JANUARY 25, 1879. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MONDAY. J^... a? { ^t^jStJif" ''■°'" ■'"'""'■ ''*■ '''""'"°' ' Sa[c of Lilium auratum, &c., at Stevens' I'xkham, by J—.. -, J ^ .Morns. j" Sale of Lilium auratum, &c., a TnURSDAV, Jan. 30 -j s,,^°°""ihc Nurseries, West W. I Prolhcroe & Morris. CIRCUMSTANCES enable us this week to give sundry illustrations of Plant- c;rowih possessing considerable interest as bearing on the operations of grafting, and as ex- amples of the mode of growth of trees. The first that we shall notice is that shown in fig. 13, p. 108, which is the transcript of a rough sketch of a Sycamore tree in the grounds of Fulham Palace. Tuo main branches of this tree, as pointed out to us by Mr. Henderson, are tied one to the other by a branch which extends horizontally between the two. The branch is perhaps as thick as a man's arm, and it is difficult, or rather impossible, to say precisely how the pheno- menon has been brought about. It would seem, however, as if two twigs had, at an early state of their growth, become somehow inextricably intertwined so that a fusion ultimately took place, and which, once efifected, the successive annual growths have obliterated all trace of the union and produced a smooth nearly cylin- drical branch. This case is very similar to that figured at fig. 14, p. 108, and reproduced from an earlier volume. In this case an Oak tree had, from some cause or another, divided into two main trunks a little above the ground-line. Some distance above the point of separation the two trunks were united by a cross-branch, which proceeded from the right hand trunk, and " is so firmly imbedded in the left one as to be forced into a semi-cylindric shape at the point of contact." Above this again the two trunks were united by a thick cross-branch so perfectly that no suture or inequality can be detected, the surface being as " smooth and uniform as if no such connection had ever been formed " {Ganh'iiers' Chronicle, 1845, p. 257). The corre- spondent who sent us the sketch suggested that this was originally a single tree, the branch of which, by some accident, had become perforated at an early stage of growth, forming what is called in Sussex a "rind gall." Taking this view of the question, the connecting portion could not be looked on as a branch but simply as the upper part of the trunk of a tolerably large tree, with an extraordinary aperture through it. Whatever may have been the case with the Oak in question we do not think it at all pro- bable that a similar explanation is feasible in the case of the Sycamore at Fulham, where the diameter of the cross-piece, its curious twist, and the height from the ground, and consequent size of the aperture, all militate against the notion of perforation. We should rather con- sider it a case of natural grafting similar to that of two Elms recorded in our columns in 1849, p. 421 : see fig. 17, p. 109. In the preceding cases we have been deal- ing with the inosculation or natural grafting of branches of the same tree or possibly of branches of two trees of the same species, but equally curious phenomena are occasionally observed in which a sort of false union is brought .about between branches or trunks of two trees of different species. It is not uncommon to find Honeysuckle girdling a tree so tightly that the latter grows over it and more or less perfectly embeds the climber in its tissues. In Richmond Park tlierc is, or was, a case of this kind in which a Thorn was embedded in a Hornbeam tree in this manner. No one will believe in any actual grafting of these two plants, but the two trunks were so firmly appressed one to the other that the union was as firm as that of any graft, still there would be no commingling of the sap of the two plants. Mr. Whmtakek, of Crewe Hall (hardens, sends us an illustration of this latter class of cases, and which is shown at fig. 16, p. 109. "About twelve years since," says Mr. Whit- taker, " I noticed that the branch of a Beech had grown against the stem of a Spanish Chest- nut, and that it was gradually becoming covered by the bark of the latter. This process has gone on till the branch of the Beech is now completely enveloped at the lower part for a length of 1 5 inches, and partially so for a length of 3 feet 4 inches. The circumference of the branch below the covered portion is 1 1 inches, and above, where it touches the Chestnut, 1 foot 3 inches. On this portion there are several rings or wrinkles formed on the bark, as if the sap there had been obstructed, causing the greater size of the branch above than below the iunction. A portion of a dead branch of the Chestnut remains in one part of the stem, and around this the bark has grown so as nearly to cover the branch of the Beeth. It will be in- teresting to know if the branch will continue to have life and health, when, as must happen in a few years, it becomes completely enclosed all the length where it touches the Chestnut, as it is now for a length of 15 inches." In Mr. Whittaker'S case, then, we have a marked case of gradual embedding by the formation of wood in a downward direction. At one time it was considered that the wood of trees was formed mainly or entirely in a downward direction, as if the wood were the direct, and not merely the indirect, product of the leaves. Since the researches of TRlicuL, however, it has become clear, that although wood is formed in a downward direction, yet that this is not the only manner in which it can be formed, seeing that it can be formed in wounds under circumstances which preclude downward growth or immediate leaf action, but from previously elaborated sap, to use a gardening phrase, stored up in the tissues or conveyed to the spot where required. Still the operations of girdling, ringing, and in some cases of grafting, sufiiciently show that there is a downward growth, which becomes manifest when any obstruction to growth occurs, as in the casefigured at p. 108, fig. 15, where the downward growth has been stopped by a stone seat beneath. The Robima at Fui.ham Palace (see fig. iS). — Fulham Palace, the residence of the Bibhops of London, is one of those estates which have a special charm for the plant lover. Bishop CoMPTO.v, a great enthusiast in tree culture, enriched his domain with many rare trees, which have now grown into their prime, and in some cases have passed it. The garden as a whole has been so frequently described (see Ganiciicrs' Chronicle, vol. viii., 1877, p. 234) that little need be said of it, but we propose from time to time to give illustrations of some of the mote remark- able trees, photographs of which were taken for us last autumn by Mr. Arthur Smith. The feathery foliage and clusters of fragrant white Pea-shaped blossoms of this species are known to most of our readers, and some will remember the craze caused by Coiibett's ex.aggcrated description of its merits as a timber tree. The sway of the pendulum has caused it to be unduly neglected, for it is a rapid grower, and its timber, if not so valu.able as CoiiBETT thought, is still not without merit. Travellers along the French railways, eastward and southward from Paris, must have remarked how freely it is used along the railway embankments, which it serves to keep together by means of its long creeping roots, while its young shoots treated as coppice are useful in the vineyards and elsewhere. Great varia- tion in colour, form of leaf, and habit, is re.adily observable. Several of these varieties are cultivated in our gardens, and a descriptive account of some of them will be found in our volume for 1876, vol. vi., p. 748. The name Robinia is given to commemorate the services of Jean and \'espasian RoiiiN, under whose auspices the tree was introduced into France from \'irginia before the middle of the seventeenth century. A veteran tree, planted by one of the Robins, still exists in the Jardin des Plantes, but its rival at Fulham has the advantage over its French compeer. The Eefects of the Fro.st. — Now, when a little time has elapsed to give us an opportunity for more correctly seeing what has suffered by and what has withstood the effects of the low temperature, though there are a sufficient number of the killed and maimed to cause regret in such localities where the usual accompanying conditions exist of greater severity, with a correspondingly less ability to bear it — as is almost invariably the case in flat, low-lying situations, where the generally deeper and richer soil stimulates luxuriant growth with less chance of its full maturation in autumn — yet so far as the southern pari of the kingdom is concerned, at all events, there is very much less injury done than we might have expected, or than usually happens when the thermo- meter falls to near zero. All that has come under our notice, which has extended over a fairly wide field, goes to confirm previous experience — that plants of all kinds, the hardiness of which there are doubts about, are much more likely to escape in sufficiently elevated positions, where the conditions of air and soil are such as to restrict growth in a way conducive to solidity of the woody fibre, and which is so much better calculated to withstand a severe ordeal than the soft pithy formation resulting from conditions opposite to these. In respect to the way in which many doubtful species of trees and shrubs have escaped injury we have heard reference made to the thoroughly ripened state of the wood in autumn — a condition, without doubt, that has much to do with the little damage sustained by many things. We think, how- ever, that the direct cause to which is attributable the matured state of last summer's growth has in the pre- sent case often been lost sight of. In the South and West of England, as also in the Midland Counties, there was last summer an absence of the continued hot roasting weather, with an accompanying dry con- dition of the soil, often looked upon as the precursor of a fully ripened state of the wood by the close of autumn, but which is frequently anything but con- ducive to a well-matured season's growth.. When the summer is so dry as to reduce the soil to a condition that arrests both root action and shoot development at the time when these should natur- ally be making the greatest progress, it very generally happens that we get heavy rains at ihc beginning of the autumn, which falling upon the heated earth bring about a continued condition of soil and air that forces most things .again into active growth much too late for any possibility of its getting solidified before winter is upon us. Last summer the comj^lete reverse of this occurred over the greater part of England ; we had very little spring, the pro- tracted cold retarded growth a great deal later than usual, but as soon as warm weather commenced we had at short intervals much heavier rain than ordinary, consequent upon this there was no check to growth, and although the rains in autumn were plentiful it was only in the case of exceptional species of plants that it had an influence in stimulating shoot development. The result was that the current season's growth in most things was so well matured, and the whole energies of the plants brought so nearly to a dormant state, th.at they were in the best condition to bear a low temperature — a state of matters completely difl'erent to what was present in the memorable autumn of 1S60. Adulteration of Seeds. — The North British Agriculturist reports that in the course of a conversation on adulteration of seeds, at the late meeting of the Scottish .Seed Trade Protection -•Asso- ciation, Mr. Crawford observed that the mixing of Yellow Suckling with white Clover seed was becoming too frequent in samples ofl'ered from London and the Continent, and the worst of it was, there was nothing in the Act to prevent that sort of thing. It was resolved, on the motion of Mr. Mackintosh, Edin- burgh, seconded by the Chairman, to offer a premium not exceeding £,^ for the best ess,iy on " I low to Discover such Cases of Adulteration, and to Ascertain the Names of the Seeds so Mixed." January 25, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. "3 Mr. Baker ox the Colciiicace.e. — At the meeting of the Linnean Society on January 16, Mr. J. G. Baker read a paper on "Colclucacea; and the Aberrant Tribes of Liliacex." Colchicacea; is the smallest of the three sub-orders of Liliacca;, and includes thirty-nine genera and 153 species. In its typical form it is marked by extrorse anthers, a septi- cidal capsule, and three distinct styles ; but as twenty- four out of the thirty-nine genera do not possess all these three characters in combination, but recede more or less decidedly from the type in the direction of true Liliacea;, it seems injudicious to follow those who have proposed to keep up Colchicacea?, or Melan- thacece, as a distinct natural order. The tribes are : — I, Colchicex', marked by the type-characters of the sub-order in combination with a gamophyllous the lluras of which the order as a whole forms an element. The three aberrant tribes of Liliacea; are Conantheriv, a connecting link between Liliacea- and .Vmaryllidacea-, marked Ijy its partially inferior ovary and anthers dehiscing by terminal pores ; Lirioi)e;e, and Gilliesiea;. Liriope is an older name for Ophio- pogon. These two last sub-orders contain genera which recede widely from the Liliaceous type, ami others which bridge over the interval between the extreme form and the ordinary Lilies ; of (iilliesiea?, which are almost exclusively Chilian, we now know seven genera ; of Liriopex three, Royal Horticultural Society. — The Council of the Society has issued a summary of the privileges of Fellows and members for the present • Coi.ciiicuM LUTEUM, in Hower at Kew in the Cape-house, is of great interest as lieing the only yellow-flowered species. Though known from about 1S40, being then discovered by GriI'I'ITII, its intro- duction was eflected only about four years ago, and it has since remained extremely scarce. It belongs to the Mediterranean group of the genus, the flowers and leaves being produced together towards spring. The flowers, when expanded, are not quite I i inch across ; the colour is cither pale or deep yellow. It is a native of Kashmir and Afghanistan. Dr. Denny's Pelargoniums. — We are requested by Dr. Denny, treasurer to the Pelargo- nium Society, to state that he considers the first or second week in February the best time for planting Fig. iS. — the old RoiiiNiA at fulhaji i'alace. (see v. 112.) perianth and bilocular anthers ; 2, Merendera?, with the type-characters of the sub-order in combination with a polyphyllous perianth and bilocular |anthers ; 3, Veratrece, with the type-characters of the sub-order in combination with unilocular anthers ; 4 and 5, Anguillariea: and Heloniece, which recede from the type by their loculicidal capsule ; 6, Uvulariea;, which recedes from the tyjjc by its united styles ; and 7, Tofieldie.-e, with a loculicidal capsule, anthers slit down the edge or face, and equitant distichous leaves. This sub-order includes several genera which recede in a striking manner from the general Liliaceous type, as, for instance, Hewardia, which connects Liliacece with Iridacea:, Petrosavia, a Saprophyte with three apocarpous carpels, and Scoliopus, with a unilocular ovary and three parietal placentns. In geographical dispersion Colchicacea; agree completely with the true Liliacea;, as they enter, broadly speaking, into all year, which, we are glad to note, are much more liberal than the Fellows have hitherto enjoyed. A Fellow paying four guineas a year is now entitled to personal aJmission at all times when the gardens are open to Fellows, and two yearly tickets, both of which are transferable, and which give the bearers admission everyday, as well as to all shows, _/?/«, con- versazioni, and promenades, both at Chiswick and •South Kensington ; while a Fellow paying two guineas a year is entitled to personal admission the same as a four-guinea Fellow, and to one yearly ticket, trans- ferable, admitting the bearer every day, and to all shows, yiVe-.*, tonz'ersazioni, and promenades, both at Chiswick and South Kensington, and the bearer with two friends on all ordinary days. The added privilege is that of "personal admission," an addition which should result in a considerable increase in the number of applications for P'ellowships. the seed of the Pelargonium, and that he will be pleased to forward to the amateur meml;ers of the Society the offered packet on application. The Horticultural Club. — At a meet- ing of the Horticultural Club, held at the club-house, Arundel Street, W.C., on Tuesday the 14th inst., the following gentlemen were elected as the com- mittee for 1879 : — Herbert J. Adams, Hon. and Rev. J. T. Boscawen, William Bull, Captain Christy, Philip Crowley, James Cutbush, George Deal, Dr. Hogg, the Rev. George Henslow, Lewis A. Killick, John Laing, W. A. Lindsay, John Lee, Dr. Masters, Thomas Moore, Horace K. Mayor, Charles Noble, General Puckle, Charles Turner, A. C. Wheeler, B. S. Williams, C. P. Wheatstone, and Maurice Voun". We are glad to state that the Club is in a prosperous condition, financially, and that the 114 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. rjANl'ARV 25, 1879, avrangements lov the comfort of the members are very satisfactory. Provincial horticulturists would find the Club a useful house of call in London. TiieSai.eatJIessrs. Roli.isson's Nursery. — It may be interestinjj to some of our readers to know the result of the sale of Orchids, stove and greenhouse plants, a portion of the indoor stock of Jlessrs. ROL- I.ISSON, of Tooting, Surrey, and which was conducted by the tirm of Messrs. Protheroe & Morris, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. The sale commenced oa Monday the 13th inst., and continued five days. Altiigelher there were upwards of 2000 lots, 1 100 of of which were exclusively devoted to Orchids and the remainder to Tree Ferns, New Holland, stove and greenhouse plants. The attendance was very large, and the biddings throughout were of an unusually animated character. Wi quote the prices of a few of Ihe most interesting: — Lot52, Uendrochilumfiliformc, 15 guineas; lot 567, Odontoglossum vexillarium, 10 guineas ; lot 1000, Ccelogynecrislata, III- guineas ; lot 105S, Aeridcs Schroderii, £l, a small plant ; lot 1120, Aerides affinc siiperbum, ^'7 ; and lot 1400, Anthurium Schcr/erianum, ^11. We understand the collection of choice plants is not yet exhausted, as the auctioneers gave notice of a further sale, particulars of which will duly appear in our columns. The free- hold has, we believe, not yet been disposed of. WJii'.i'liNL; Nut. — The Weeping Nul, Cory- his Avellana pendula, is a remarkably line small- growing tree of drooping haliit. The leaves, which resemble those of the common Nut, are large in pro- portion, and the weeping character of the branches is boldly developed. Max ley Paric Company, Manchester.— It is stated that a petition to wind-up this company has been presented to the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster by Mr. Sam Mendel, now of Chislehurst, and which will be considered on the 27th inst., before Vice-Chancellor Little. We fear from the state- ment in another column, that this Manley Park Com- ]jany has injured the Manchester ls.oyal Botanical and Horticultural Society to some extent, without itself doing much to contribute to the advancejuent of practical horticulture, and certainly nothing to that of horticultural science. Genuine horticulture is lowered by association with meaner things, and resources which would be more advantageously utilised for horticultural purposes are squandered for less legiti- mate ends. A New Source of Milk. — As an illustra- tion of the sort of food the readers of many of the daily and weekly papers are served with, we may refer to a paragraph in a weekly contemporary of .Saturday last. Writing of the difficulties of the milk supply and the irresistible temptation there is for adulteration, besides the well known fact of the spread of infectious diseases, our contemporary gravely suggests that the "head of the family may find at last in the Brosimum Galac- todendron, or Cow-tree, the specific remedy he wants. Of course much depends on the result of further in- quiries, but it is not impossible that the Brosimum (jalactodcndron, so inherently rich, may grow well, even in the desert patches to be found to a greater or a smaller extent at the back of most London houses. If it prove to be so, great indeed will be Ihe domestic revolution wrought when the milk supply of a house may be obtained by sending out the servant with a gimlet and a jug to the back yard when the Cow-tree will be, presumably, flourishing in all its fatty fertility." This is a picture of an extremely rosy character. Just at jircsent our climate seems far from suited to the cultivation of Trypical .South American trees in the open air in our back gardens. Salix mascula pendula. — What is the Salix mascula pendula found growing in the nur- series ? That is to say, to what species should it be referred? As an ornamental plant in the young state it is much superior to the common Weeping \\'illow, being not only more vigorous in growth but less affected by frost. The bark on the young shoots is reddish, Ijecoming greener as it ages. The leaves are lanceolate and slightly falcate, with \ inch stalks, the blade 5/; inches long, and i inch wide ; they are of an opaque green above, glaucous beneath, both surfaces roughish, but without hairs, and the edge finely and sharply serrate. The young trees in the nursery quarters look something like Peach trees, but a little more flexible in the wood. It is a tree decidedly worth looking for. European Trade in Chinese Hats. — In a recent report on the trade of Ningpo we are told that a very large traffic is carried on between thai port and London in hats plaited or woven by hand, and made (rom a small species of Carex. The plant is described as ibeing indigenous, and to be found in damp situations among the hills, but that employed for the manufacture is cultivated in Kice grounds. The hats are made by women and children at their own homes, and sold by them at \il. to 2./. each. They are strong and serviceable, and are bought wholesale by the foreign merchants, who send them to London, whence, it is said, they are shipped principally to the .Southern States of America. This trade has grown to very great proporlions during the last three years, the number exported during 1877 amounting to 15,000,000. Tile plant used in the manufacture of these hats is proljalily Cyperus corymliosus. The Sciioolm.«tkr Potato. — With refer- ence to the claim made by Mr. Edwin Bennett, of EnviUe Schools, to be the raiser of the School- master Potato, " One who worked in the gardens at Enville " writes to say that he supposes Mr. Bennrt r meant to have said that he christened it, as the I'otalo was raised in Lord Stamford's garden at Enville, and was grown for three seasons by Mr. Edward liENNETT, now of Rabley, before it p.asscd into Mr. Edwin Bennett's possession. Perhaps Mr. Edward Bennett will give us the true history of the Potato in question, and also explain, if he was the raiser, why he did not make the claim when the Potato was first sent out. Mr. William Hinds. — We hear that Mr. Hinds has resigned his situation, after being seven years with Sir Thomas Edwards-Moss, at Roby Hall and Otterspool, during which time he has re- modelled and replanted both places. Mr. Hinds leaves with the best wishes of Sir Thomas and Lady Edwards-Moss, and having credentials of the highest order, we shall be glad lo hear of his obtaining an appointment worthy of so able a practitioner. Magnolia crandiflora ferruginea. — It is in such seasons as this that the ferrugincous variety of Magnolia grandiflora shows its superiority, and we have little doubt it will generally be found that it is unhurt or comparatively [so, while the first favourite — to use a sporting phrase — the Ex- mouth variety, is killed down to the ground, if not indeed killed outright. It usually hajipens under such circumstances as these that M. grandiflora ferruginea stands quite uninjured, and therefore we have come to regard it as the hardiest, .as it is the freest- blooming, and in every way the best variety of this grand American evergreen. Such has always been the experience of il in the Knap Hill Nursery, and doubtless the same will be found to hold good for the trying winter of 1878-79. The Cultivation of Jasmine in Canton. — As is well known much of the black Tea imporled from China is systematically perfumed or .scented, which is done by mixing the leaves with the flowers of several dilTercnt plants which are regularly culti- vated for the purpose, notable among these is the Jasminuin Sambac, which is known in Canton .as the "Mok-lei." The gardens where this plant iscultivated, it is said, are principally in the Ilonam and Fatec suburbs of Canton. The plantations in the latter place were much damaged a year or two since liy the flood- ing of the river caused by the giving way of the em- bankment at Ch'ing-yiin. This disaster caused the flowers, for a time, to realise a much higher price in the market — fetching, in fact, twice the onlinary value. Straw Plait from China. — Owing to the more general adoption of woven fabrics, such as silks .and satins, lor Ladies' bonnets and hats, the English straw plait trade, the headquarters of wdiicli is at Luton and Dunstable, has been for j'cars lan- guishing. It was, however, hoped that the visit of the Prince of Wales to Luton, some short time back, would give a fresh impetus to the trade. It seems, however, th.at the English manufacture has a powerful competitor to contend against in China, from whence straw braid is imported in very large quantities and is still increasing. We are told that its production in China is entirely for the foreign market, about two- thirds of the entire production being sent to England, and one-third to the United .States of America. During the last ten years the export has increased from 1772 peculs (a pecul being equal to 133', II).) in 186S, valued at ;i^9i7o, to 20,803 peculs in 1877, valued at .^196,090. Iris fimuriata, which we observe in ilie succulent-house at Kew, is so charming when in bloom as to require a brief note. The flowers are elegantly formed, and the mauve colour relieved with yellow can scarcely be exceeded for delicacy. It is not quite hardy, though frequently withstanding the winter, and therefore requires greenhouse culture, which it well rep.iys. This |>lant is frequentl)- known as Iris chinensis, and also as I. japonica. Auriculas During and After the Frost. —Auriculas have been having a somewhat rough time of it in cold houses and frames where outside covering alone could be employed as a protection. The culti- vator who kept his plants dry during the greater part of December has most reason to rejoice that he was . not tempted to water wdien the weather was warm ^ and sunny. In a cold house to which no external covering could be applied we have found a layer of newspapers to answer well during the severity of the frost. The Labels on the pots kept the paper from pressing on the plants, and no harm was done from that cause ; and the dense covering of hoar-frost which lined the inside of the glass a quarter of an inch or more in thickness fell on the covering and not on the plants when a fall in the temperature caused it to give. So keen was the frost in an unhealed house on a north aspect that for a fortnight nearly plants, soil, and pots were encased in hoar-frost despite the cover- ing of newspapers, but owing to the dryness of the soil no harm happened to the most delicate plants. Last year, at this time. Auriculas were fast becoming excited into growth ; but now they appear to be in the very depth of their repose, which is a more natural condition at this period of the year. It is only the plants whose leaves are actually flagging that require water ; it is best to withhold it from the bulk till there is a prospect of settled milder weather. The removal of any decaying leaves, and a slight stir- ring of the surface soil is necessary ; meanwhile the soil intended to be used for top-dressing can be got ready, as after the long periods of drought some assist- ance in this way will be necessary to give the plants a fair and necessary start into growth. The recently- formed roots, which are the prime feeders to the plants, are near the surface, and need invigorating when the time for action comes, Indigo in Salvador. — The following con- tribution to the history of the cultivation and prepara- tion of indigo in .Salvador is gathered from the Catalot^HC lies Ohjcts E.xf'oscs par la Jic'/'iililiijiii: dit Salvador. It is stated that this iniligo is classed in Europe as Guatemala indigo. It is usually known in the country as " liquilite," and is considered the most important agricultural crop of the entire Republic. The plant grows wild, but is generally cultivated in properly prepared ground. Both the crops and produce vary according to the geological composilion of the soil. Thus at the base of the volcano of ,San Salvador the yield of dye is some- times about half a pound per load of leaves, while at Santa Barbara and Santa Cruz, which is situateil some distance from the sea, thirteen or fourteen ounces arc obtained. Indigo is grown nearly all over Salvador, forming extensive fields, and furnishing one of the most valuable products to its agricultural industry. The localities where the plants are grown arc called tnatuhones. The workmen, who are called saca- tcros, cut the plants with a small sickle, and make them up into sheaves of from fifly to sixty pounds' weight. The plants after being cut are thrown into vats filled with water ; they are here allowed to soak for a period of from twelve to seventeen hours, the time varying according to the temperature and com- position of the water. When the liquid is in a st.ate of fermentation the colouring matter is drawn ofl" into another \'at, where it is beaten, or kept in motion, hy means of wooden \yheels, and then the dye is pre- cipitated by the sap contained in the bark of the "Tiluiilale," of ihe Plalanillo, or of the " Cu.aja tinta." The first is referred to a species of lonidium, jANl-ARY 25, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. "5 and the second lo Cann.i indica ; and of the scientific name of the third no chie is given. These plants have no acid reaction. When once the dye is preci- pitated it is allowed to settle during the night, and the fol!ov\ing day it is boiled, filtered, pressed, and lastly dried in the sun. Each bale or siiron contains 150 lb., the different qualities or grades of Indigo being specified by numbers — from four to six ordi- nary quality, or " cortes;" from seven to nine, fine or superior, or " sobresalientes." The usual annual produce of indigo in Salvador amounts to about 2,400,000 lb., the annual exports being between 14,000 to 15,000 sitrons of 150 lb. each, which repre- sent .an approximate value of 1,721,378 piastres, or dollars. The superior quality indigo is sold in the country fairs at about 8 reals per pound. In the European markets the prices of course vary according to the supply from other countries. CONiFERiNE AND Vanillixe. — Less than twenty years ago Hartig discovered the substance called coniferine in the descending sap of Larix europa-'a, and its presence has since "been detected in all the Pines and Firs submitted to examination. But the importance of this discovery has only become apparent since it was found, in 1S74, that coniferine might easily be transformed into vanilline, the aromatic principle present in the seed-vessels of Vanilla. During the last two years coniferine has been collected in North dermany by hundreds of pounds. The price varies froui 50^-. to 65^-. per kilogramme (a kilo- gramme is nearly 2.} lb. avoirdupois) ; and as the operations of collection and preparation can be easily and economically performed by women, this industry will prove another source of income to the forest population. Coniferine, it is stated, exists only in the descending sap. When the trees are cut down in spring or summer, the branches are at once lopped off and the trunk flayed of the bark; the trunk is scraped with a sharp instrument, and the sap collected in sponges and expressed into pails. A tree of medium size, in vigorous Iiealth, yields from 7 to g pints of sap, and each pint of sap contains about 100 to 125 grains of imre, dry coniferine. By boiling, evapo- rating, and filtering the sap, the coniferine is separated in the form of crystals. Improvement of .St. Paul's Church- yard.— We learn from the City Press that the Coal and Corn and Finance Committee, having had before them plans and estimates for the embellishment of the ground around St. Paul's Cathedral, have made choice of such .as seemed to them to meet the wishes of the Corporation upon the matter. The railing on the north side of the churchyard will be lowered, and a new gate formed at the north-east corner, by Cheap- side. On the south side the railing will be shifted within the churchyard, so as to allow of the formation of a public footway on the outside. The purely orna- mental department has been entrusted to Mr. E. MiLNER, of Norwood, who will superintend the lay- ing out of the ground somewhat in the form of a modern pleasure-garden. The whole of the north- east, south-east, and south-west of the churchyard will be planted with trees and shrubs ; and flower- beds, and the customary accessories of the landscape garden, will find their place in the development of the work, 'which will go forward immediately upon the signing of the contracts ; and by Midsummer ne\t, at latest, we m.ay look for a pleasing addition to the number of City oases. TitE Range of TE^r^ER.\T^TRE during the late frost has, as usual, from all we hear, been very considerable even in places not far apart. Elevated positions, as compared with such as lie lower, will to some extent .account for this ; yet we think that in many cases, where within comparatively limited dis- tances there would appear to have been so much difference in tlie minimum recorded, there cannot be much doubt but that the instruments from which the observations were taken, if thoroughly tested, would be found at fault. We speak with more confidence upon this point from experience, not with a single thermometer or two in use at the same time, made by one or more of the best makers, but by several, which gave an opportunity of observing their lialiiUty, tiro 1 li no apparent cause, to gel out of order. We have on several occasions hrd three or four thermo- met;rs at a time, combined maximum and minimum, as well as each separate high-priced instrument, from som; of tlic mo.,1 11 jied mak(.rs, and which at first all corresponded within a shade of each other, but in- variably found that very soon after they varied considerably at different points in the scale, com- paratively few continuing for a nCimber of years to register accurately. Hence, without in any way dis- crediting the disposition to observe correctly on the part of those who have reported the extreme low temperatures as having occurred in the south of the kingdom, we very much doubt the correctness of the in- struments from which such returns were made. Nothing less than a couple of well-proved thermometers placed side by side under ex.actly similar and fair testing conditions, and closely watched to see that they corresponded in both their higher as well as their lower readings, are to be relied upon in extremely hot or extremely cold weather. ■ F'ruit Culture in Jai'AN. — We h.ave often heard and read of the primitive state of fruit culture in Japan, of the bad quality of the fruit, and the peculiarity of the Japanese in eating green fruit, even green Peaches. The Monatsschrift for October and Novemlier contains a lengthy article on this subject, by the late Dr. AnLliURO, whose sudden death we recorded a few weeks ago. The author seeks to show that Japanese (ruit is much better than its reputation. He maint.-iins that the essentially Japanese fruits, as the Kaki (varieties of Diospyros Kaki), and several kinds of Citrus, &c., are exceedingly good, and the result of centuries of cultivation and selection. ICxcellent Grapes are brought to the markets in large quantities, but Dr. AHLnutiG was of opinion that the Vines were of American origin. Both Peaches and Pears are good when allowed to ripen ; it is true, how- ever, that the natives prefer them unripe. Change of Ownership in a German Seed Business. — The seed business so long carried on under the style and title of Martin Grashoff, at (Juedlinburgh, has been sold by Mrs. Grashoff to her cousins and late managers, Messrs. Herr- mann Grussdorf and Ernst Liesendekg, who will conduct it under the same name as before. \Ve understand that Mr. Herrmann Grussdorf 1ms for the last tsvelve years Ijeen manager of the commercial and practical part of the business, and Mr. Ernst Liese.nberg has for some time past devoted his entire attention to the agricultural part of it. The Weather. — From the report issued Iiy the Meteorological Office for the week ending January 20, we learn that the weather generally was fine in Scotland .and the north of England, but very dull and wet in the western and south-western dis- tricts, with a good deal of fog over England on the 14th. Temperature uniformly a little above the mean in " Ireland, S.," but below it in all other dis- tricts, the deficit ranging from 1° in "Ireland, N." and " England, S.W.," to 4° in the northern districts, and 5° over the Midland Counties. Thermometer highest at commencement of week, when maxima ranging from 42° to 48^ were recorded over ICngland ; lowest towards close, when minima were below 25° generally, and as low as 15° at Loughborough (on the 20th). At Glenalmond on the 20th the sheltered thermometer fell to 11°, and that on the gr.ass to zero. Rainfall less than the mean in Scotland and the north of Ireland, but more in all other districts excepting " England, N.W.," where the amount was about the average. In the northern and eastern dis- tricts the fall was mainly in the form of snow, but in the south-west it was principally rain. The excep- tion.ally heavy fall of 2.84 inches reported from Va- lentia on Sunday the 19th v/as quite local, the amount at the other stations in the district being less than half an inch. Wind westerly at some of the south- western stations on the 15th, and again on the iSth, but usually S.E. to E. over the whole country; generally moderate in force in the east and south- cast, but strong to a gale in the west ; severe easterly gale at Scilly on the i6th, and south-easterly gales at many of the south-western stations on the,20th. Garden Appointments. — Mr. Thomas Snelling, gardener for the last twelve years at Ampton Park, near Bury St. Edmunds, the seat of 1!. li. Hunter Rodwell, Esq., Q.C., M.P., h.as been appointed successor to the late Mr. Joseph Dale, as manager of the Middle Temple Gardens. Mr. Snelling is in the prime of life, an excellent gardener and plant grower, and has for many years been successful as an exhibitor at the Bury and West Suffolk Horticultural Society's shows. Destructive Birds and Fruit-Buds.— Alluding to "tits," your correspondent " F. F. B.," p. 84, says, " These Uttle mischievous imps are assisted in this work of destruction by our implacable foe, the gay-looking bullfinch." Is " F. F. B." quite sure that the gay-looking bullfinch, instead of merely assisting, does not gcner.ally do all the work of destruction ? It is really astonishing what an amount of this kind of work one or two of these gay-looking gentlemen will quietly perform in a very short space of time. But will you allow me to ask your readers generally if any one has ever found buds in the crop of a til? I have opened and carefiilly examined the contents of more than one of them, and I must admit that I found no buds ; so, as far as my experience in the matter goes, I am compelled to admit that the charge against him is not proven. Or, if he even does occasionally remove a bud, it may be that it is only when such comes in his way when sean-hing for scale and other minute insects. The buds of trees are eviilontly not his natural food, so it is unlikely that he will pitk many of them off for merely the fun of the thing. But as regards the bullfinch, a posl-iiioiicin will at once decide as to his guilt. The common house-sparrow is also openly accused of picking buds from Gooseberry bushes and fruit trees generally, and I am far from feeling inclined to say that he does not do so. He bears an ill repute : and to give a dog an ill name and hang him is a simple and may sometimes be found to be a convenient method of settling a doubtful question; but even the "deil should hae his due." I have on several occasions shot sparrows while busily engaged in some way among the branches of Gooseberry bushes, and on careful examination of their crops failed to find any buds. P. Grieve, Cut ford. The Protection of Gooseberry and Currant Buds. — Your remarks in a previous issue respecting the protection of Gooseberry and Currant buds are well timed, as just at this season sparrows are particu- larly destructive, and being such homely birds, and so much about one's house and premises, they often commit a deal of mischief before they are in any way suspected. I know of many gardens round aljout here where the bushes were annually stripped, and the owners could not make out why it was that they got so little fruit, till I pointed out the cause, and even then they were quite incredulous ; but since they have used the wash as advised they have suffered no further depredations of the kind. The time sparrows attack buds most is just as they begin to start, and as they are now on the move it will require much vigilance, if not coated at once, to render them safe. Many trust to late pruning, but thst is of little avail, for althovigh it leaves more buds on for the winter it only affords the greater feast to the feathered depreda- tors when they begin their attack ; and once they do this it is seldom they leave many to select from, and what do escape are only those at the ends of the shoots or other positions equally difficult of access. In rur.al districts bullfinches are most troublesome. These birds have a special weakness for Plum buds and those of the genus Prunus generally, and it is astonishing what ravages even a pair or two of these songsters will commit among a plantation of trees if left quietly to them for a few weeks in the spring of the year. I have always an aversion to killing any of the feathered tribe, but to save a crop it is often necessary to assail these with powder and shot, and so be rid of the nuisance. In cases, however, where trees are inclined to moss or lichen, it pays well to use the lime and soot wash, as a single dressing effectually rids them of these pernicious parasites, and soon renders the bark clean and healthy. For Apples and Pears, and, indeed, all kinds of fruits, it win'ks wonders, and I would strongly recommend any one having any in an unsatisfactory state to give it a trial, as I am sure, unless the ailment arises from unhealthy roots, that they will have reason to be satisfied with the result. Where there are many trees of large size, the quickest and best way to apply it is by means of a garden engine, as it can then be driven to a greater height and distrilnited with more ease and regul.arity than is possible by using an ordinary syringe. Which- ever instrument be used it is necessary that the wash be strained through a fine sieve, so as to take any lumps of soot or lime that may remain unslaked, and which would on that account be too large to pass through the tube of the engine. J. S. ii6 THE GARDRNERS' CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1879. The Hot-water Apparatus : Good and Bad Stoking. — The first thing in the morning open tlie top and Ijottoni dani[ici"s to their full extent, stir the fire, fill up with fuel, cram it on imtil it will hold no more, leave it l)urning until night, then fill it again, bank it down as it is often called, put on wet ashes, beat it down tight, then shut the damper, or dampers, as the case may be ; next day repeat the operation, and so continue it, find fault with the boiler and pipes, when the frost and cold wind pro\es too much for you. This is just what I have very often seen and heard. Now let us see what the better stoking is, or what thirty years' practice has taught me. First, open the dampers, then stir up the fire, draw out all the clinkers, stir out the small ashes, clean out all soot and dust from the boiler and flues, then put a little fuel on, pour a little water in the ash-pit (if a dry one), then clean all ashes from the pit — this is a very important part of good stoking to keep the boiler, flues, and ash-pit clean ; add a little more fuel, pl.ace the dampers partly in (as required), stir the fire lightly, and so repeat the fuel and stirring until the fireplace is full of bright clear fire, then almost close the dampers top and bottom, say within I inch, and it will keep bright for hours, and give its full amount of heat to the boiler. Towards evening open the dampers, get up a good fire in the same way again, .and when the pipes are quite hot and the fireplace will hold no more, and the fire is bright, shut the dampers again, bottom and top, as close as possible without puttmg the fire out, leaving just sufficient draught to cause combustion. Every boiler has its own good or bad qualities, which can only be learnt on the spot, so that the proper regulating of dampers must be a case of observation and practice. This stoking refers to all saddle forms, it is my intention to speak next of the tubular boiler, with its requirements. K. Denshain, Tlie Gank)!s, Lcigham Court, Streatka/n Hill, Surrey. The Right Man in the Wrong Place. — In the interests of gardening and gardeners, it may lie asked why such an appointment as that at Edinburgh ever should have been made. Surely some practical man of sufficient ability could have been found to fill up the gap ; and it says about as little for practical gardeners as for Her Majesty's Commis- sioners, that they could not put forward some representative worthy to follow in the footsteps of the late admirable Curator, James MacNab. No one who knows the recently a|ipointed Curator can doubt his general abilities in the field of Ijotany, and his aptitude for labour in every thing in connection with the literature of the science and art ; but as you truly remark, he has yet his spurs to win as a practical man, capable of directing a great national concern where adminis- trative capacity is of the first importance. Under Professor Balfour the scientific department of the garden is not likely to suffer ; and, unless in the in- terests of economy — if the Government were looking forward to the merging of the scientific and the practical in one — there was no need for the ap- pointment of Professor Balfour's lieutenant at the head of what we all in Scotland here looked to as one of the prizes of the profession. If gardening is to rise at all, gardeners cannot afford to be snubbed in this way, and to have the prizes of the profession snatched from their grasp, and given away under what looks amazingly like a "job." The late Curator was a man of high tone, eminently practical, who kept \.he prestige of his garden abreast of the times we live in. The present Cuarator may in time, by steady perseveranceand undeviating attention, be able to achieve this, but he is not the man in the meantime either to warrant confidence among horti- culturists or even among those over whom he has con- trol. Apart from my position as a horticulturist, I have no interest either one way or other in taking a side in this matter ; but I hold it is due to the pro- fession (for I shall yet call it so) that such appoint- ments as you had made in controlling the London parks and we have now in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, should not be allowed to pass without a voice being raised to point out their obvious injustice. Clnsgo-iO. Frost and the Potato Disease. — Those who expect any abatement of the Potato disease owing to the action of frost and the probable destruction of the Peronospora germs, will, I fear, be greatly disap- pointed, as the winter in 1860-61 was even more severe and continuous, and yet the scourge was quite as bad the summer after, and has continued so with little variation ever since. If it is stamped out, it seems to me that it must be done by planting early varieties that are oft' the ground before it generally makes its appearance, or by raising and growing thick hard leaved and stemmed kinds that resist it in a great measure as such are known to do. Instead of this we are being flooded with American novelties, the reverse of what ought to be aimed at, as the tex- ture of the foliage of most of them is soft and flimsy, which being the case they are generally the first to succumb to the disease and spread it to others. This is to be regretted, as some of them are great croppers, but as regards quality few if any can com- pare with such as Regents, \'ictoria, and other standard sorts. Potatos for planting are in many places much weakened by the way they are stored, as in most cases they lose their first shoots ; but if laid out thin in cool airy sheds or lofts secure from frost, these might be preserved, which would be a considerable gain, and help materially in securing a good and profitable crop. Instead of being so housed they are often pitted, and when in bulk, air-tight as they then are, they engender heat and exhaust themselves in sprouting. It shows the great endurance of the noble tuber to stand all this bad treatment, but although slow to show it in a more marked way, it cannot be without its effect. 9. S. [The germ will bear a low degree of frost, but it will not stand fire. Diseased haulm should always be burnt forth- with. Eds.] Culverwell's Telegraph and Carter's Tele- phone Peas. — At p. 51 you have made mention of Carter's Telephone Pea as a remarkably fine sort. As I am the raiser of Culverwell's Telegraph Pea I think I should not let this pass without protesting against a practice of selecting a portion of the stock of my Telegraph, and calling it Carter's Telephone Pea. If there were two varieties in the stock Messrs. Carter might have taken what really was my Tele- graph Pea, and given it the name of Telephone, because certainly I should have chosen the best to name for myself. There cannot be two sorts, as the stock in the first place came from one single Pea, carefully hybridised, as every Pea in the pod pro- duced a stock quite different to each other, some dwarf and others tall growing. Messrs. Carter state that the difference between the two is that Telephone is a wrinkled Pea, and singularly, too, my Telegraph Pea is wrinkled, and grows immense pods in a strong rich soil, the Peas so closely packed in the pod that every Pea grows out alternately on each side, and forms a double row in the pod. Have Messrs. Carter clapped their name to this Pea with the intention of extinguishing my name and Telegraph ? The latter Pea has been out before the public three years, while Telephone is out this year for the first time, and yet they are both sold at the same price, 5^. per quart. This will show the absurdity of the case altogether. I may ask how have the Messrs. Carter managed to get a stock in the second year they grew it, to select a part of it, and not only to send some to the Royal Horticultural Society under the name of Telephone, but to have sufficient to offer to the public the third year after getting so few of my Telegraph seed ? I fear this is another instance of adding a second name to a sort when there really is no difference. My attention has been called to this matter by several of your readers. I am proud of having raised the Tele- graph Pea, as it is the most remarkable second early tall Pea in cultivation, and wants no one to praise it, only give it time. IVitliain Culverufushroom-house, and took the opportunity to run the pipes on to heat my harness-room, and as it was some little distance off I begrudged the he-at lost from the pipe going there, and so built a brick pit over the pipe for the purpose of forcing the Witloof, and the plan has answered capitally. We have had plenty of salad from it all the winter. The Lettuce Fig. 19.— STAl'lIVLEA COLCIIICA. FLOWERS WHITE. (SEE I'. Il6.) purple flowers. I have only seen it with white flowers (and should not at first sight have taken it for a Solanum at all), and it is generally described as white-flowered. [The Deadly Nightshade, Atropa Belladona, has dark lurid flowers ; we never heard of a white flowered variety. There seems to be some con- fusion here. Eds.]. Does the Atropa Belladona vary between puqjle and white, like its kindred ? It is as well to know the plant exactly ; it is not so much that the berries seem to contain the poison in exactly the state most fitted to act on the human frame, as that they are also tempting and eatable. Catastrophes from them recur regularly, so they should if possible be labelled correctly like other poisons ; not many chemists' preparations would kill a man in ten minutes as these berries did a gipsy a year or two ago. If the plant was commoner it would be less danger- ous from being better known. There is a large Proliferous Plaintain. — A few weeks ago some one was writing about a proliferous Plantago : there is plenty of P. major on the roadsides opposite Hainault Farmhouse, Hainault Forest. The first plant I found a plough ran against, but turned on one side and spared my pet. Dr. Lindlcy said it was the best variety he had seen. I brought it here with me, and had it stolen. I found on that same farm Lathyrus Nissolia, the brightest thing I ever saw, but the colours are evanescent — they fade directly it is gathered. There is a meadow in this neighbourhood (Chichester) where the double Cuckoo-flower is very common. My early mentor was an old Chelsea man, J. Smith, Monkwood, Ayrshire ; when at Chelsea he worked four days a week, and spent the other two on the commons col- lecting. In going home one evening with a handful of Dog's Mercury, ho met the Professor, who asked what he would do with it. " Make tea," he replied. " Vou failed us first, then the Endive, but this plant is most accommodating, for in a small space one can fill and clear out, and fill again, just as one does with Seakale. It should not be sown before June, or it will run to seed, and should be taken up before frost comes, and if introduced periodically the result is a regular suc- cession. J. Rust, Ei-ii/^e Castle. Carnation Dressing.— At page lo of the Journal of HortUulttircloi ]z.r\mxy 2, Mr. John Slater, of Manchester, in some remarks on dressing Carnations, instituted a most uncalled for comparison between the skill of Mr. Turner and myself in that art. For the following week of that publication I wrote the few words I forward herewith, and to which I beg you will give publicity. I am constrained to this course because the Editors of the journal in the e.\ercise of their discretion struck out the protest I ii8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1879. made against these comparisons of the skill of living men, and so altered my expressions in other ways as completely to reverse their sense, and when I remonstrated with them on this fact they simply inform mc "they cannot insert anything more rela- tive to the subject; as they consider it wholly unne- cessary." E. S. D.: — " Carnal ion Dressing — Much as I may be sup- posed to be flattered by Mr. Slater's remarks on my assumed skill in this art at p. 10 of your last issue, 1 do nevertheless most emphatically protest against them. i:)ogberry tells us 'comparisons are odious,' and I cannot think observations on the relative skill of living men can be profitable or proper. Let the art of floriculture be discussed with the utmost freedom, and described with the nicest minuli;e by nil means, the results of skill compared and amplified until thoughts and words are exhausted, if the gift exists for the work, but pray let the individual be spared. Mr. Slater compliments mc to-day, and I do not question his honafulcs, or the simplicity of his jnirpose, but to-morrow possibly some brother florist equally entitled to express his opinion will violently cast me from the pedestal assigned to mc, and call me pretender, or what not ; and if this sort of obser- vation is to be allowed, what could I reply? Seriously I much regret the Editors allowed my name to appear in such a connection, and especially to the disparage- ment of Mr. Turner, to whose instruction long years since, when I marie an annual pilgrimage to Chalvey, and subsequently to Slough, I owe whatever of art in the cultivation of the Carnation, or taste in its preparation for exhibition I may be supposed to pos- sess. All florists recognise the inacslro in Mr. Turner, ihcfaii/cj^rinceps of floriculture, and those who have sat nearest to his feet are the most ready and most cordial in recognising his power. Mr. Slater's opportunities, as compared with mine, have been limited, and he therefore may be pardoned for his error. I am proud and grateful to find him proclaiming that I benefited Lancashire in the art. E. S. Doihi>cll.'' Poinsettia pulcherrima. — One has to begin with an apology when liringing the merits of this old favourite "before your readers, seeing that they are generally ailmittcd ; still wc think there is room for improvement in its culture, if we may judge from the gaunt and starved specimens we sometimes meet with. Taking it all in all there is no plant that repays with more interest any little attention we may fiestow. The demands on our resources at mid-winter for decorative purposes are of comparatively limited extent compared to many, yet, owing to the past sunless weather, wc should have been stripped of their principal contributor had we been bereft of the Poin- settia. When well grown, at such a season their power of attracting attention is irresistible; even the most listless are brought to bay by their dazzling brilliancy. So much is this the case that their vivid colours have to be toned down by the more sober hues of a collection of foliage and other stove plants. Such a combination has only to be seen to be admired. Being moderately successful in the cultivation of the above, I venture to give my experience, which may contain some hints which may be useful to some of your readers, not that any new or special treatment can be adduced, except it be a cooler treatment than is too often adopted. After the plants have done flowering we stand them al(jng the front of the stove, where they get as much light as possible, which with almost withholding of water tends to ripen the stems. When deemed ready wc have them cut \\\> in lengths with several eyes, ]ireferring the bottom cut, which is more solid. We have them stuck into any common cutting soil, plung- ing them into a Ir-jtbed, where they can have a good boltom-hcat. When rooted they are potted into 3 or 4 inch pots, using light rich soil, returning them to their former quarters. When rooted out, shift again to 5 or 6 inch pots, using soil of a stronger nature, but no manure of any kind, except in a liquid state. If small plants are wanted, 4-inch pots will be liig enough. In May or June, our plants are trans- ferred to a cold frame on a wall, border, or other sheltered place, having a south-west aspect ; and are kept close for a time in their new quarters, they gradually get more air till, as the weather gets warmer, the sashes are taken off altogether, first during the day, and latterly at nights. As the pots get filled with roots they should get liberal waterings with manure-water, when they will show their grati- tude by a robust sturdy foliage, whicli is the foundation of after-success : it is this cool, generous treatment that we would specially insist upon so much for the cuttings. We keep over the liest of our cut-over plants to grow on another year, finding that they throw the finest heads — we have some now that were thus treated which have thrown up three stems, the blooms averaging over 12 inches each. I need scarcely say that, when the old plants are cut down, they get no water for a time. When they show signs of starting they are shaken clean of the old soil, repotted in light sandy soil ; as with the cuttings, plunged in hot-beds, and shifted on as the pots get filled with roots : they thus make the largest plants. When the weather gets so cold that there is any danger of the foliage suffering, they are removed to a greenhouse or pit, where they can be kept as near the glass as possible, and again re- moved to the stove about the middle or end of October, liy taking into heat twice, or oftcncr, you have a succession of bloom. These remarks apply to a ilistrict of average natural advantages as to chmate, hence each will have to judge in practice as to how soon or late they can keep their plants with advan- tage out-of-doors. We have grown the double I'oin- scttia, Init for general decorative purposes we prefer the single, it being more effective. L. L. Laelia acuminata alba and L. anceps Daw- sonii. — One finely-fhnvercd specimen of the l^ormer and two of the latter may just now be seen in the Orchid-houses off. S. liockett, ICsq., The Hall, Stam- ford Hill, N. Both of these Orchids are very beauti- ful as well as rare. G. W. The Prices of Seeds. — Is there no possibility of regulating the price of garden seeds? It is a rule with me in December to take stock of all the seeds that I have and then to begin to consider what my wants will be for the next season, and what amount I can afford to spend on what by the advertisements profess to be "new," "improved," or "selected" novelties. I'.y the middle of January I am inundated with seed catalogues, and, the evenings being long, I take up six of them which I think the best, tick off my wants, and then reckon up the cost. By this means I find that what would cost me ^5 if I sent my order to one firm, I can get from another for ,^4. Now as a ser- vant which firmis it my duty to trade with ? And if I have traded with the cheaper firm for twenty years or more and have no complaints lo make, is it reason- able that I should change ? Again it is a pretty general ijractice now for two catalogues to be sent, one to the gardener and one to the master. And since the master has to find the cash is it not right that he should have his say in the matter, notwithstanding that I was put into the place by Mr. CauUflower or Mr. Pine-apple, who consider that I am under some obligations to give him my orders? If we had a market jnice for garden seeds as we have for most other things it would save us from much that is disagreeable. Adtnaiitlics. [The prevailing system of nurserymen recommending gardeners is open to very grave objections. Eds.] The Schoolmaster Potato. — The remarks of "W. D."inyour issue for January 11 deserve com- mendation. I observe at p. 73 of this week's issue that Messrs. Webb offer Schoolmaster Potato, " true stock." Now are the readers ofthis advertisement to understand from this that the Potato this firm offers shows an imiirovement on the original variety ? _ As a gardener desirous of growing the best of everything, I am induced to make this inquiry. D. McD. The Champion Potato. — Mr. Knight represents the Chamiiion Potato as a disease-resisting variety, but it has Ijccn quite the opposite here, for on digging some ofthis variety to select a few tidjcrs for exhibition, to my great annoyance I had to dig until I had over a barrowload of large tubers before I could get the number required. Mr. Knight says the only objection to it is its tall-growing shaws, but I think it has more objections than that. It grows too large for culinary purposes, is too deep in- the ej'es, and gets "boss," or empty, in the heart; and a great many of them, I find, contain a deal of water in the centre, which I consider a great drawback to the Champion. The varieties grown alongside of it were Paterson's Victoria, Glenbervies, &c. ; very few of these were diseased. The Champion was the same here the year before last — very much dis- eased. It is a late-ripening Potato, for here last year tlie haulms were blackened by frost before the tubers were fully ripe. That was about the third week of October. It is a great cropper, but a Potato not altogether suitable for a gentleman's table. On the neighbouring farm it was in the same condition, very much diseased. The farm overseer informs me he is going to discard it altogether, owing to the above bad qualities. I may state that the soil it was grown in is a good sandy loam. George y. Mclictli, Pitmcddcn, Dycc. Aerating the Soil. — Wc find this to be a frequent subject of comment during the winter months, and it is a common recommendation that, early in the winter, all spare plots of garden ground should be turned \\\) deeply and roughly, that the undersoil may receive all possible benefit from exposure to the frost. Special stress is laid also upon the probable destruction that will follow to all kinds of insects and vermin that prey upon our plants during the summer season. Perchance to some it may be a matter of opinion whether it is the wisest course to turn down all the top surface of the soil so far under before the frost comes, as with it go into comfort- able shelter the very insects whose death is so much desired. When the soil is left undisturbed, afier, for instance, a crop of Potatos, the worms work it freely, and it is through their instrumentality aerated to a great depth ; in fact earth-worms are Nature's aeraters, and perform in that sense a marvellous service. The slugs, grubs, and other insects take refuge under leaves, plants, grass, or just beneath the soil, and such severe frost as wc have of late been visited with will find .all such secreted creatures and kill them if frost can do so. Bury them 9 inches beneath the surface, and they are out of the reach of the hungry birds, and in comfortaljlo quarters. Newly turned soil if exposed to heavy rains soon shows a highly pulverised surface, which washes into every crack and cranny, and excludes every chance of aeration. Heavy soil so turned up will during the winter wash into the consistency of clay, and be ten times more difficult to cultivate in the spring than soil that has Iwen left untouched. Atiration after the style of the turned-up soil may be the most valuable, but it is not fully proved, whilst experience has shown that it is dangerous lo move heavy soils until all probability of heavy rainfalls has passed. There is no rule with- out an exception, and, in this instance, a pretty large one. ,V. Vines Planted in Church3'ards. — Are Mnes usually planted in churchyards ? I ask the question l)ecause I know of one church near here which has a Vine growing against its walls, and I like tlie idea. It is not " imseriptural," quite the reverse ; but I have heard people cavil about it, so I want lo find out if any of the readers of the Gardeners'" Chroniele know of other instances. The church I allude to has been built by a nobleman as distinguished f )r his goodness as he is for his high intellectual attainments, yet the tablet inside the building simply records that the " edifice was erected by a parishioner." Mrs, Alfred U'alncy, Liss, Hanls. Turner's Union Potato. — Your correspondent Mr. E. JNIorgan asks for information respecting the origin of this variety. It was raised at the Union \\'orkhouse here (Slough), by the then master, Mr. Phillips, and put into our hands to test ils merits with other kinds. We found it all that Mr. Morgan says in its favour, a distinct and first-class early variety, and introduced it to the public. It is grown largely by some of the market gardeners near London for a first crop, and is still recommended in our catalogue. We know nothing of Ronald's Frame, which may be an " Improved Union," after the modern style of descrip- tions. Charles Ttirncr. Vines Bleeding. — Jlr. Sheppanl states at p. S3 that Vines are impoverished through bleeding. I witnessed an instance in 1873, caused through graft- ing a large Vine in an early house. The old \'ine w.as deeply cut on purpose to get more adhesion to the graft, and a few hours afterwards it commenced to bleed, and continued so till the A'ine was \\e\\ clothed with filiage. The graft grew and made a short-jointed rod 6 feet in length and as thick as one's thumb, while the old Vine carried a good crop, and finished the fruit equal to any in the house. Our Vines here in 1S77 bled so profusely that I anticipated bad results, but they ripened a crop of fruit equal to those not affected by bleeding. One rod of Foster's Seedling bled to such an extent that we feared it would be a bad case of exhaustion, yet the result was quite the reverse, for it finished ten bunches quite equal in size and flavour to any in the house, and the same rod in 1S78 carried six bunches, averaging 3 lb. each. I am sure it would be most interesting to every one if some of our most eminent Grape growers would stale their exjicrience. ly. S, II. Winter Dressing of Peaches and Vines. — That the 'winter dressing of Vines and Peaches is, under cerlain circumstances, beneficial, there cannot be the least doubt, but to continue it annually, whether there are insects on the bark or not, is simply a waste of time and labour, and productive of no good whatever, unless it lie regarded in the light that prevention is better than cure. If there were no risks in ajiplying it this might be the case, Init I have known somi'ch harm result from using strong mixtures in the injury it has caused to the buds of Peaches and Nectarines, that I would warn all to be careful of the strength they apply the wash, and instead of making it potent with any of the insecticides, to depend more on the smothering properties of lime and clay forming the thickening matter. Except these two latter I ingredients and a little soft soap, I seldom use any- , thing else, unless it be tobacco juice, when I know there are thrips lurking under the bark of the \'ines, as this liquid is always fatal to them and their eggs, and at the same time quit safe as regards the well- being of the plants. Were it not for scale, that sometimes gets on Peaches, I should never dress at all, and I have many trees that have not been touched January 25, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. .119 in that way for twenty years, which are at this moment perfectly liealthy and clean. In the houses I have not had occasion, till this winter, to use anything on them ; l>ut noticing at pruning time that some of them had a few of the above-mentioned insect, we painted the main stem and branches with the never-failing mixture of clay and lime, soft soap and water, and as this falls or is washed off, the remains of the scale come with it. The stripping of Vines to the extent it is carried out in many places is a barbarous practice, as it takes away that whicli Nature intended as a shield and protection, and to hasten her work in getting rid of the old garments is the greatest mistake possible, as she is sure to do that at the proper time. Unless on the score of tidiness and to get rid of insects, such denudation admits of no defence, but not content with removing that which is loose, I have seen Vines made perfectly Ijare and skinned to the quick. No doubt this barking process is carried out by many simply because they have seen it done at other places, and therefore think it must be right to go on with it as a duty, but I much question if they will lind a practice so fraught with evil consequences continued in any place where first-class Grajjcs are grown. The thick coating of clay, &c., in a measure protects the stems, but not to the extent necessary, and the hot sun acting on the epidermis under causes contraction, and thus prevents the regular swelling of the stems. This may be seen liy their small size where they are yearly stripped as compared with others of the same age that have not been treated in like manner. I do not con- sider that a dressing impedes the progress of Vine or Peach buds, as they throw it off in the spring, but the danger is, as already observed, in the strength of the stuff, and this is wdiere the mischief is done. J. S. We have long since discontinued the practice of painting either Vines, Peaches, or Figs, witli any mixture at the winter cleaning, being fully satisfied that it can be dispensed witli, and the trees kept clean without it. The only ingredient used here is Gisliurst Compound. About half a pound is dissolved in a pailful of warm water, and with this solution the whole of the old wood of the Vines is well brushed over twice, the young wood, of v/hich we lay in a good stock, being carefully sponged to prevent the eyes being injured b)' the brushing. No old bark is taken oft", only the portions loosened by the scrubbing re- moved. Fig and Peach trees are served in the same way as the Vines, only we occasionally give tlie Peach trees a syringing with hot-water put on as near the boiling point as we possibly can do so : this I find is a great preventive of insects, and if brown scale has put in an appearance it will soon make short work with it. For this hut-water recipe I am indebted to my old neighbour, Mr. Miller, now of Clumber, previously of Worksop Manor Garden, and who, I know, used it extensively with the Ijest results. Gishurst Compound isalsoused for the cleaning ofllie woodwork, and mixed with the wash thus is put on the walls of the houses. Having now for a number of years carried out this practice we have as yet no reason to complain of doing so. y. Jefferson, Worksop, Jan. 21. Vicar of VN^ingficld Pear. — Tliis is considered a stewing Pear, and generally it is only fit for that pur- pose, but I have had it very finesome seasons, especially after a long hot summer. There are four trees of it here ; one on a south wall, which very rarely fails to bear a crop, but in some seasons the cro[) is heavier than others. When the crop is light the fruit is larger, and when fit for dessert, as it occasionally is, it is a very fine Pear. The other trees are pyramids. Two of them are on the (Quince, and one on the Pear stock. This season the trees on the Quince bore a few fruit, rather small, not half the size of the fruit froin the tree on the wall, but whilst the latter are only fit for stewing, those from the trees on the f^uince are really very good at the present time (January 15); indeed, they are much better than Glou Morccau, Easier Beurre, Beurre Ranee, and some others now fit. I cannot say if the fruit from the trees on the Quince are always fit for dessert or not. lYars in general here have been deficient in flavour, owing to the very unfavourable season we had. Kxcept a few days at the end of June and beginning of July there was very little hot weather last season, and many things suffered so much from the continuous and excessive rainfall in May, they never recovered from it. M. Saul, S'.ourlon. Ronald's Early Frame Potato. — I believe that this excellent early round Potato is nearly extinct. It has suffered most severely from disease ill the open field, and consequently for the last two or three seasons it has not been entered in our list, the only one I ever saw it in, although we have kept a few for stock. I cannot remcmlier how many years we have had it, but, when I left schor>l, and came into business, it was the favourite Potato here for early purposes, and specially so for frames. I think my father obtained it from some gardener of the name of Ronalds, and the late Mr. Coekburn, for many years gardener at Ken Wood, used to grow it largely. I have some idea that Turner's Union is almost, if not quite identical ; at any rate, whether it is or not, I quite endorse i\Ir. E. INIorg.in's opinion of its excellent early qualities, having grown it for two seasons in our newly broken-up land at Barnet, and I hope another season to secure a good stock of it. I shall try and coddle up Ronald's Early Frame, and if I ■ succeed I imagine that it will wdiip the "Yankee notions'' clean out for flavour and as a gentleman's early round Potato for many years to come. I have not time, from my heavy business engagements, to enter into ** conrparative " growing of Potatos ; I wish I had, that I might help to get rid of the ridiculous number of so-called sorts. A gentleman said at the National Potato show, held at the Crystal Palace last autumn, that he had planted over 300 sorts. Poor fellow ! what a plight he would be in if he had lost the tallies. Ilis condition would be sonre- thing akin to that of a nurseryman who during the Tricolor Pelargonium rage said to tlie man iJo'.ting them, "For heaven's sake don't lose the labels; if you do we shall never distinguish any difference." y allies Ctithtisli, Ilis^li^alc jViirseries, N. Heating Power. — Your comments on this subject at p. So recall the time when I was foreman at a large place in one of the northern counties, where we had two large boilers which could cither be used separately or together. We always worked them both, and could get plenty of heal, but the care and watchfulness required in regulating the valves was very trying to those in charge. It was an impos- sibility to keep the temperature up to any fixed point, as we found many a time on a cold winter's morning houses that should have been at 60° were nearer freezing, the heat having gone to places where so much was not required. I have found that lesson very useful. Last autumn we had some alter- ations made in the heating apparatus here, and the person w^ho did the work suggested to my employer that the vineries should be healed from the same source. C)f course he was pleased with the idea, thinking to have one fire the less ; Init my previous experience was of use to me, and the present severe weather has further convinced me that it would have been wrong to a = 71 6.8s 1 54.5 69.4 1.04 47.2 646 I S3 44 58.6 3-46 33-8 445 I-5I 28.2 37- 1 Although it is usual to fix thermometers at about 4 feet from the ground, I am rather puzzled as to the reason for it, as the air is colder on the ground gene- rally by about 3° more or less ; on the evening of Dec. 25 there was a difference of 6° — that is, while the thermometer at 4 feet stood at 12°, that on the ground stood at 6°, and considering that most of our plants grow very near the ground-level, it seems to me the January l'"ebruary M.irch April.. May June . . July August St:|Jtember . . Oclobei' November .. December . . RainTall for the year ». . 6. . .« ^ C-S e-5 H 0 iSs 4,.s .i:r. S^ X s %° s° In. In. 5' ao 2.63 30.10 55 23 ■85 30.20 61 21 2.04 30.2 [ 70 21 1.91 29.65 05 34 ,4-58 2965 93 34 2.30 29.t)J 91 40 1.03 26.65 Si 43 3.68 29 90 77 >>5 4 69 29.70 0,, ■Jtj 4.81 29 65 5S 21 2.46 29.90 40 2 2 92 29.75 34-90 The above table is an extract from our daily register of the year just closed, which has been remarkable for extreme heat and cold, and the long continuance of both, as well ating. We had lb" of frost this morning, and it has been freezing keen all day. The snow is nearly gone here, but it lies deep a few miles farther inland. So far there appears to be little injury done by the frost. Crops are standing it belter than usual, and our loss amongst Broccoli, Celcr)', Lettuce, i\:c., is still very small. All through the storm we have been cutting Snow's Broccoli, in fine condition, at the rate of about a dozen ilaily, .and we have plenty still of a nice .size to last us another month, should the storm unfortunately continue so long. The Broccoli were laid over with their heads to the north, and the steni.s covered with earth early in November, but they have had no other protection. Indoors the storm tells a different talc. Early forcing has been the most uphill job that I ever remember. All sorts of fruit, l'"rench Beans, Cucumbers, and plants have been much more difficult than usual to force, and "early" (?rops will be much behind in coming in this season. The want of sun and light has been quite as great a drawback as the want of heat. A. Staffordshire. — It was snowing here all day on Saturday, the iSth, and the ground is covered to a depth of 9 inches. The thermometer this morning, on a south wall, registered 21" of frost, and on a north wall 24°, the wind being N.E., and the barometer going down alitlleas Iwrite (7.30 p.m.). How will the roots of early unprotected Vines stand this treatment } E. Gilinan, /n^eslre. Inverniy. — December 19, 7° ; 20, 12° ; 21, 19°; 22,2°; 23, 17°; 24, 26'=; 25, 15'=; 26, 22" ; 27, iS' ; 28, 7°. With the 29th came a rapid thaw, which has cleared the snow well off the hills, and broken up the ice on the river, wdiich was 9 inches thick on an average, and frozen so hard that it might liave scored stones, the waterfall even beautifully draped with icicles, picturesquely arranged, and reflecting the sun's rays in various colours. The water-ouzel was busy looking after its prey under the shelving rocks ; under the sjireading branches of the .Silver and Spruce Firs and Cedars bl.ackbirds and thrushes found [jrotection and food, owing to the branches opposing radiation — a circumstance this, the importance of wdiich must not be o\erlooked in treating of a climate like this or any other well- wooded country. John Caie, Jnvcrary. North Notts. — Snow fell again here on the iSth, and covered the ground to the depth of 3 inches. Since that date keen frost has again prevailed, for this morning (the 20th) 14° of frost was registered here. On the nth and I2lh the frost was likewise very keen, and on the I3lh a rapid thaw set in, with rain. The 14th and the 15th were very mild, with sun. Frost again returned on the i6tli, which still continues. The effects of this state and variableness of the temperature on the early Broccoli, Cabb.ages, and other vegetables are now apparent where not protected, and I am afraid they will be found to be in a rotten state, from the odour they at present give out. In the extensive ranges of forcing-houses here, six saddle boilers have been in use, and that efficiently during this severe winter. Altho.ugh they have been seventeen 120 THE GAkDENEkS' CHkONlCLE. [Januaky 25, 1871). years at work we have never had an accident with them, except the repairing of some loose rivets, for the boilers are made of the best Low Moor iron. Had we depended on the tubular one-boiler system for these years I am afraid some expensive break- downs would have occurred, and that we should Iiave suffered the loss of many plants besides. IVilliani TiUery. Giant Zittau Onion. — This is a handsome late- keeping variety, and I would strongly recommend it to any one seeking a sound keeping Onion. I have seen it firm and good in the month of July, in a cool airy room, after being stored from nine to ten months. I believe the entire stock of seed of this Onion is in the hands of the Messrs. Veitch. J. R. The Sarsen Stones at Reading. — The version of the supposed origin of these famous blocks at Whiteknights, given by Mr. Dyer, does not appear to afford general satisfaction. I learn from Mr. Lees that many gentlemen well versed in geology, who have from time to time visited these stones, have affirmed my original statement that these were the drifted products of the Welsh hills. One fact is worthy of attention — Mr. Dyer states that stones of this character are broken up for the purpose of making roads. Mr. Lees states that the huge fellows under comment are practically unbreakable, as he has tried with all his force and .the blows of a sledge-hammer to break them and has failed. Accepting this as correct, it either shows that, if from the Marlborough Downs strata, they are very diverse from the ordinary blocks found there, as mentioned by Mr. Dyer, or else that they are the product of another stratum and region. That they were taken to Reading from Marlborough is an undoubted fact, and have no connection with other stones of a different kind in Surrey, as hinted by another correspondent. The subject is not one of any horticultural interest, except so far as relates to their present garden use, but there is an inti- mate connection between geology and horticulture, and therefore space devoted to the discussion of this interesting topic will not be wasted. Assum- ng that after all these stones are natives of the Wiltshire downs, their denudation from the tertiary beds is, as you have suggested, wonder- ful, still it lacks the atmosphere of romance that attached to the earlier and perchance improbable story. A. D. The Rainfall at Perry Hall, Birmingham, for 1878. — I enclose you an account of the rainfall here, showing the quantity that fell last year in this part of the country: — January, 1.85; February, 1.09; March, 1.06 ; April, 1.96; May, 6.01 ; June, 2.98; July, 0.58; August, 6.67; September, 2.65; October, 3.72 ; November, 3.31 ; December, 2.07 : total, 33.95 inches. Chas. Clissold. Jforcigii Coritspanbtirtc. Drury, near Auckland, New Zealand : Od. 30, 1878. — Is Marattia fraxinea known amongst Fern lovers of Europe ? It is a most curious plant. I came across a large specimen some time b.ack, with fronds from 4 to 5 feet in height, and all round in a circle were lying what appeared to be lumps of scoria, but on closer inspection I found them to be growing plants, i.e., the b.ase of the leaf-stalk with a bud grow- ing from the top side of it, after the manner of the young plants on the fronds of Asplenium bulbiferum. As they lay some distance from the old plant, they must have been forced away into this magic circle. I was in the bush, a good distance from home, looking for strayed cattle, and unfortunately I cannot find the plants again : another person who was with me thinks he can. I do not know whether the fronds bear spores. I have searched several times for more plants on purpose ,to examine them more closely, but have not found any. This is said to be the Kai-kai (food) of the M,aories, and not the Bracken Fern, as many people supposed, and I have no doubt that if cooked the huge lumps of vegetable matter would be very nice. The reason the plant is so scarce is through the natives searching hillside and gully for it as food, and never making any provision for its increase in times long past. Another reason for its scarceness is, that it likes good sound loam amongst forest trees, which class of land is best for the English grasses ; the forest is consequently burnt, clearing off all vegetation and only leaving those plants that grow in the swamps where the fire does not run. I shall be pleased to read in the Ganicncri Chi-ouick any infor- mation on this subject. Phormiuni tenax is used for nearly every purpose in tying amongst the back-settlers — bands of every description, tying up sticks, pig's legs, making whips, halters for horses, packing hampers, &c. ; it is always ready, growing on hillside and gully — torn into strips and made into kits (or flag baskets), filled with Peaches, and sold for i.t. each. A bronzed variety is the most tough, while the variegated varieties are ornamental as well as useful for hay-trussing. The stalk is first split down the middle, the sharp edges are then torn off, the butt-end of one and the top- end of the other piece are tied together, a knot is then tied in the other butt-end, and a slit made to act as a noose — the band is complete. For all sorts of temporary ties it is first-rate, for permanency there is nothing like tarred cord. A good root planted in the garden, in nurseries or private places, often saves a walk to the packing-shed, prevents cuttings getting mixed, &c. In your remarks (p. 79) on New Zealand plants, I see no mention of the beautiful Kowhai (Sophora), with its beautiful orange-yellow blossoms ; it blooms in early spring, before the leaves appear. I have seen trees, the trunk i foot in diameter, and heads in proportion, all ablaze with these Clianthus-like flowers. The foliage is a light green, appearing directly after it has bloomed. It delights in a sandy bank alongside of inland streams ; seeds very freely, in pods 4 to 6 inches long, the pod appearing as though it had been tied between every seed, causing it to swell out just where the seed is. I have seen several letters in the Gardeners^ Chronicle lately on shading for Orchids, &c. Here, in their native habitats they get shade nearly always ; they may get bright sun lor ten minutes or so in the middle of day. Were I asked to describe the light in the New Zealand bush, I should say for mid-day sunshine through a wet towel. Tree ferns also 20 to 40 feet in height get the sun about mid-day — not generally morning nor evening ; but one might say every Tree Fern gets a peep for a lew minutes some time during the day. When the Inish is removed from about the Tree Ferns and tall Palms, they soon lose their beauty and become stunted, jf. Mayo, Nurseryman. Florists' Flowers. Chrysanthemums. — A good deal has been written about the Chrysanthemum, and all the prac- tical information that cultivators require has been recently given. The subject will, moreover, be treated upon frequently in "Notes on Florists' Flowers" during the summer. Still, as you remark, a list of the best sorts would be useful ; and further, very few cultivators seem to know the different sections, and much confusion is caused at exhibitions on this account. Section I., Incurved, as cut blooms for exhibition. — The best varieties are Abbe Passaglia, Alfred Salter, Antonelli, Aureum multiflorum, Barbara, Beauty of Stoke, Bella Donn.a, Beverley, Cherub, Donald Beaton, Dr. Brock, Empress of India, Eve, Fanily Dale, Formosum (white and yellow varieties), George Glenny, General Slade, Golden Beverley, Golden Empress, Golden Dr. Brock, Golden Eagle, Golden John Salter, Golden Queen, Hero of Stoke Newington, Isabella Bott, Jardin des Plantes, John .Salter, Lady Slade, Lady Hardinge, Lady Talfourd, Le Gr.and, Little Harry, Miss Mary Morgan, Mr. Gladstone, Mrs. Geo. Rundle, Mrs. Dixon, Mrs. Heale, Prince Alfred, Prince of Wales, Princess Beatrice, Princess of Teck, Princess of Wales, llueen of England, Rev. J. Dix, Themis, Venus, Virgin Queen, White Globe, White Eve, White Venus. There are fifty varieties in this selec- tion, but I grow every one of them, and .all intending exhibitors in the class for twenty-four varietiesmust also grow them, as some sorts which stand in the first rank one season are very inferior the next. A few of them are always to be found in the winning stands. A list of the varieties best adapted for pot culture are Aureum multiflorum. Dr. .Sharpe, Empress of India, Eve, George Glenny, Lady Slade, Lady Hardinge, Mrs. George Rundle, Prince of Wales, \'enus. White Eve, White Venus, and Mrs. Dixon. The two varieties usually catalogued amongst the large-flowered sorts, Julia Lagravcre and Progne, cannot be exhibited as such, as they are hybrids. Section II. Large-flowered Anemone Chrysanthe- mums.— These are very distinct, .and a few of them are very beautiful : — Acquisition, Empress, Fleur de Marie, Gluck, Lady Margaret, Louis Bonamy, Madame Godereau, Miss Margaret, Mrs. Pethers, Prince of Anemones, Princess Louise, King ol Anemones, Georges Sand, and Sunflower. .Section III. Japanese. — The best of the very early flowering sorts are Elaine, Fair Maid of Guernsey, and James Salter. The following comprise the best of the later-flowering sorts : — Ethel, Sarnia, R. T. Biggs, Fulgorc, Fulton (Peter the Great and Red (iauntlet are of recent introduction), Bismarck, Bronze Dragon, Dr. Masters, Gloire de Toulouse, Grandi- flora (fine yellow, very late). Hero of Magdala, Jane Salter, Meteor, Meg Merrilees, Oracle, Purpureum album, Red Dragon, The Cossack, The Daimio, The Sultan, and The Mikado. Section IV. Anemone-flowered Pompons. — Antonius, Astrea, Astarte, Calliope, Firefly, Jean Hatchette, Madame Chalonge, Madame Montels, Marie Stuart, Miss Nightingale, Dick Turpin, Mrs. Astie, Mr. Wyness, Perle, Sidonie, and Zobeide. Section V. Pompons. — Andromeda, Aurore Borealc, Bob, Brilliant, Cedo Nulli, Brown Cedo Nulli, Lilac Cedo Nulli, Golden Cedo Nulli, Golden Aurore, Mdlle. Marthe, St. Michael, Mustapha and Solomon. Trevenna and its varieties, though usually placed amongst Pompons, are hybrids, and ought not to be exhibited .as such in a collection. Our collection at Loxford still numbers over 130 distinct varieties after rejecting several this year, and we shall add a few new ones, which will bring it up to over 140 again. The above lists are given after very careful consideration and probably that containing the incurved varieties may be useful to the Liverpool growers. My own im- pression is that the climate both of Liverpool and of Manchester is better adapted for the cultivation of the Chrysanthemum than that of London. Cultural ability and skill in dressing being equal, they will probably beat us of the sunny South. I think Mr. Laing, of Stanstead Park Nurseries, could tell us whether the climate of the "east neuk of Fife," is not better adapted to produce good blooms than th.at of Forest Hill; at any rate he has not been able to grow such blooms at Stanstead as he did at Dysart. Growers ought also to know that the old stools of such sorts as Mrs. Geo. Rundle, Prince of Wales, Venus, White Venus, &c., produce by far the best specimen plants. All the exhibitors at Stratford used to grow them in that way, and I have never seen such well-grown plants as those Mr. Donald, o Knott's Green, Leyton, used to exhibit there. The best specimen of Mrs. Rundle ever seen was a plant on one stem three years old : it had several hundreds of flowers, each large enough and good enough to place in a stand of twelve blooms. J. Douglas. It is with sincere regret that we have to record the death on December 24 last of William Essingtox EssiNGTON, Esq., of Ribbesford House, Bewdley, after a lingering illness. By his decease horticulture has lost an ardent supporter, and the district one of its most highly esteemed residents — an upright, genial, and kind-hearted gentleman, who never wearied in discussing gardening matters with his friends and neighbours, nor in imparting information concerning plants .and their culture, of which he had a thorough knowledge. He was, in fact, one of the truest lovers and patrons of horticulture. His grounds showed evidence of refined taste and practical dis- crimination, and plants of all kinds were collected and cultivated by him, including all the better kinds of herbaceous plants ; florists' flowers also received their share of care and attention. It may be noted that Mr. Essington was amongst the first who en- cour.iged the taste for planting the Clematis in masses, the gorgeous eft'ect of which has rendered them so popular. Moreover, fruits of all kinds were specially cared for and studied by him. In these he took great delight, having acquired a thorough knowledge of them, growing all the most approved varieties, and r.aising many seedlings. Of Pears specially he has been fortunate in raising some superior varieties, amongst others the Autumn Josephine, mentioned in Hogg's Fruit Manual ^a. valuable native .acquisition, and there are several others of which great hopes that they will prove superior are entertained. We must, however, wait for a genial season to prove their merits. Mr. Essington, we repeat, w.as one of the truest patrons of horticulture, and in him the science has lost a gifted member, and gardeners a genuine and valued friend. M'. On the morning of J.anuary 2 there died, at Langtons, Brentwood, at the age of 66, Mr. Andrew Dawson, a man who was widely known in the localities in which he resided— quiet, unostentatious, January 25, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 121 able, and thoroughly reliable in every aspect of his disinterested life, which was also one of devotion to the welfare of his fellow creatures in every way in his power. Those who knew him best mourn the loss of a highminded, conscientious man, working in a quiet unpretentious way, but always executing some worthy work, a very little of which found its way into contemporary horticultural records. Mr. Dawson was a native of Scotland, and early in life embraced the gardening profession by being bound apprentice to Mr. Murdoch, at Huntley Lodge, Aberdeenshire, the seat of the then Duke of Gordon. Unfortunately but few details of his career are left on record ; but, in addition to gardening, he made himself master of the details of practical forestry and farming, and general estate work, the knowledge of which proved of great advantage to him in after life. After leaving Huntley Lodge he was working in Yorkshire and Hertfordshire, probably in the position of under- gardener. Some little time previous to 1S40 he engaged himself as gardener to a gentleman of the name of Clarkson, at Stamford Hill, who was a keen horticulturist ; and while in this position Mr. Dawson was a prominent and successful exhibitor of florists' flowers, being encouraged thereto by his employer — Gloxinias, Achimenes, Fuchsias ; also fruits, &c. In 1846 Mr. Dawson went to Huntsmore Park, near Uxbridge, the residence of the late Christopher Tower, Esq., in the capacity of gardener and land steward ; and while there he originated and carried out great improvements, laying out new ground, ex- tending the park, and executing other extensive works on the estate. In 1S53 he was appointed gardener and bailiff to Walter Long, Esq., M.P., at Rood Ashton, near Trowbridge. The duties of these offices were of a very responsible character, and in the discharge of these he was highly successful. While at Rood Ashjon he made many friendships, and in the town of Trowbridge he was well known and highly respected. On the death of Mr. Long, fifteen years afterwards, Mr. Tower, his former employer, invited him to undertake the stewardship of his estates at Brentwood, and of these he had the entire supervision up to the time of his death, which took place after a short illness. He may be said to have died in harness, for ho was active in the discharge of his duties almost to the last. Probably no man in t'le district had a higher reputation for integrity of character and a thorough knowledge of his profes- sional duties. He wis instrumental in working out great improvements in the farms and farm-buildings, rebuilding some of the latter and renovating others. He had great consideration for the welfare ol the tenants, and a constant regard for the comfort of the labourers and poor on the estates. In all things the interest of his employer was his constant study. Mr. Dawson was at one time a contributor to the Siollish Gardener, and latterly an occasional writer for the Gardener, and sometimes to other gardening periodi- cals. His old love for gardening remained with him to the last, and every year in the month of August he went to Trowbridge as one of the judges of fruit at the horticultural show there. He was an active member of the committee of the Brentwood Horti- cultural Society, and amateur gardeners were wont to resort to, and write to him for advice which was never withheld. His death was most peaceful ; his life closed quietly as shuts the eye of day, or as a wave dies away along the shore. His funeral was attended by Mr. C. Tower, who placed a wreath of Camellias on his coffin. A number of the principal tradesmen of Brentwood followed, and all the work- men on the estate, by whom he was much beloved. R.D. Reports of Societies. Manchester Royal Botanical and Horticul- tural : Jan. 20. — The tifty-first annual meeting of the members of this Society was held at the old Town Hall, King Street, Dr. J. Watts presiding. The Chairman, in moving the adoption of the report and statement of accounts (which were taken as read), said that so far as the objects of the Society were con- cerned, he though they had never passed a year when they had done more to promote floriculture and horti- culture than in the past, and he was sure the Council had never been more strenuous in its exertions in this respect. Turning to the financial aspect of the ques- tion, they were brought at once to a disappointment by finding that the receipts at the gates in Whit-week were nearly (,ya less than in the previous year. He had looked through the items to see if a loss could be avoided in future, and was obliged to admit that they were dependent on the weather for success or failure of the Whitsuntide show. Last year the weather was unfavourable, and the consequence was, a consider- able falling off in the receipts. The receipts amounted to ;ifl309, and the expenditure to ,^1405, so that instead of a profit of from ^300 to £i,oo, which they had been accustomed to get from the exhibition, there was a loss. In 1877 the receipts at the gates were ;fiS59> against ^^logi last year ; altogether, with the sale of refreshments, tickets by seedsmen, and ground rent for implements, the receipts this year were ^^1309 y. lod. against nearly ^1800 for the previous year. The promenade concerts had cost ;ifll2 and yielded ;^79, whereas up to the last two years they had made a profit. This year the floral meetings had resulted in a gain of ^{^68, the expenditure being ^55 16s. and the receipts ;iCi23 13^. 6d. The Tulip show was always a loss, though a small one, the cost being 17 guineas and the receipts being £3 Its. 6d. It was hoped that the cottagers' show would become a pay- ing exhibition, if it did not make a profit. Last year the outlay was ;£^I05, and the receipts amounted to ;^72 l6s. 6d., being an improvement on the figures for the preceding ye.ar. On all the exhibitions they had a nett gain of £io^, that coming practically out of the Rose show. The Society had ceased to make a profit with the Saturday promenades since the opening of Manley Hall Gardens, and looking to past years it seemed that the opening of these gardens had cost the Society upon the whole ;i£'400 or /'500 a year on account of its attractions in Whit-week and on Satur- days. Assuming, therefore, that competition to cease, and theyhad ordinarilyfavourabic weather at Whitsun- tide, they would get back to their old position, and make from ^^400 to ^500 a year profit. In conclu- sion, he informed the meeting that Lord Egerton of Tatton and Sir Humphrey de Trafford had consented to become patrons of the Society, and that the Earl of Derby had intimated his willingness to accept the office of President if elected. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The following are the names and addresses of the gentlemen appjinteJ to serve on the three commit- tees for the present year : — Scientific Committee. — Chairman : Sir J. D. Hooker, K. C.S.I. . C.B., M.D., Royal Gardens, Kew. Vice-Chairm>;ii. — Tiio Rev. M, J. Berkeley, M.A., F.L.S., Sibb-rtoft, M ukjt Harborough ; Arthur Grot'?, F.L.S., 20, Cork Street, Burlington Gardens, W. ; Maxwell T. Masfirs, M.D., F.R.S., Moimt Avenue, Ealing. W. Secretary.— Samuel Jennings, F.L.S., 58. Granville Park, Blackheath, S.E. Baker, ]. G., F.R.S., Royal Herbarium, Kew. Bennett, Alfred W., M..\., B.Sc, F.L.S.. 6. Park Village East, N.W. Blenkins. George E., 9, Warwick Square, S.W. Boscawen, Hon. and Rev. J. Townsend, Lamorran, Probus, Cornwall. Clarke, Col. R. Trevor, Welton Place, Daventry. Cooke, M, C, Ph.D., 2, Grosvenor Villas, Junction Road, N. Crewe, Rev. II. H.irpur, Drayton Beauchamp Rec- tory, Tring. Uarwin, Charles, M..\., F.R.S., Down, Beckenham, Kent. Denny, John, M.D., Stoke Newington, N. Dyer, W. T. Thiselton, M.A., B.Sc, F.L.S., Royal Gardens, Kew. Edgeworth, M. P., F.L.S., 6, Norham Gardens, Oxford. Gilbert, J. H., Ph.D., F.R.S., Harpenden, St. Albans. Hemslcy, W. B., .\.L.S., 2, Woodland Cottages, Turnham Green. Henslow, Rev. G., 6, Tic'.ifield Terrace, Regent's Park. Hiern, W. P., M..\., F.L.S., Castle House, Barn- staple. Hogg, Robert, LL.D., F.L.S., 99, St. George's Road, Pimlico, S.\\'. McLachlan, R., F.R.S., Limes Grove, Lewishani. Moore, Thomas, F.L.S., Botanic Gardens, Chelsea, S.W. Renny, J., 47, Bedford Gardens, Kensington, S.W. Saunders, W. Wilson, V.P.L.S., F.R.S., Raystead, Worthing. Scofield, W. J., M.R.C.S., 13, South Hill Park Gardens, Hampstead, X.W. Smith, Wortliington G., F.L.S., 15, Mildmay Grove, N. Voelcker, A., Ph.D., F.R.S., ir, Salisbury Square, E.C. Webb, Sydney, Redstone Manor House, Redhill. Wilson, Geo. F., F.R.S., Heatherbank, Weybridge Heath. Fruit Committee. — Chairman : Henry Webb, Red- stone Manor House, Redhill. Vice-Chairmen.— John E. Lane, Great Berkhamp- stead; John Lee, floyal Vineyard Nursery, Hammer- smith, W. ; Rev. George Kemp, 4r, Weymouth Street, Portland Place, W. Secretary.— .Archibald F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick, W. Badger, E. W., Mostyn Villa, Moseley, Birmingham. Barr, Peter, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Beale, E. J., F.L.S., Stoneydeep House, Teddington Grove, S.W. Berkeley, Rev. M. J., F.L.S., Sibbertoft, Market Harborough. Crowley, Pliilip, Waddon House, Croydon. Haycock, Charles, The Gardens, Barham Court, Maidstone. Hogg, Robert, LL.D., F.L.S., 99, St. George's Road, Pimhco, S.W. Jones, H. F. Killick, Lewis A., Mount Pleasant, Maidstone. McKinlay, Peter, Woodbine House, Beckenham. Miles, G. T., The Gardens, Wycombe Abbey, High Wycombe. Nutting, W. J., jun., 60, Barbican, E.C. Paul, William, Waltham Cross, N. Perkins, Thomas, Warren House Gardens, Stanmore, N.W. Record, Thomas. Sage, George, The Gardens, Ashridge Park, Berk- hampstead. Smith, J., The Gardens, Mentmore, Leighton Buz- zard. Smith, W. Baxter, 3, Broadlands, South Nor\vood. Stevens, Zadok, The Gardens, Trentham Hall, Stoke- on-Trent. Veitch, Peter, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W. Weir, Harrison, Weirleigh, Brenchley, Staplehurst. West, James Firth, Lynmouth Lodge, Reigate. Wildsmith, W., The Gardens, Heckfield Place, Winchfield. Wood, Charles, 92, Fenteman Road, Clapham. Woodbridge, John, The Gardens, Syon House, Brent- ford, W. Floral Committee. — Chairman : John Denny, M.D. , Stoke Newington, N. Vice-Chairmen. — Geo. F. Wilson, F.R.S., Heather- bank, Weybridge Heath ; Charles Noble, Baghot, Surrey ; James Mcintosh, Duneevan, Weybridge. Secretary. — Archibald F. Barron, Royal Horticultura Society, Chiswick, W. Baines, Thomas, Avenue Road, Southgate, N. Browne, WilUam, Regent's Park, N.W. Bull, WiUiam, F.L.S., &c.. King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. Cannell, Henry, Swanley. Crewe, Rev. H. Harpur, Drayton Beauchamp Rectory, Tring. Cutbush, James, Highgate, N. Denning, William, Ttie Gardens, Londesborough Lodge, Norbiton, Surrey. DOmbrain, Rev. H. Honywood, Westwell Vicarage, Ashford, Kent. Douglas, J., The Gardens, Loxford Hall, Ilford, E. Elwes, H. J., Preston, Cirencester. Foster, E. B., Clewer Manor, Windsor. Eraser, John, Lea Bridge Road Nursery, Leyton. Green, Charles, The Gardens, Pendell Couit, Bletch- ingley. James, J., The Redlees Gardens, Isleworth. Kellock, W. B., F.L.S., Stamford Hill, N. Kinghorn, F. R., Sheen Nursery, Richmond, Surrey, Laing, John, Stanste.ad P.ark Nursery, Forest Hill, S.E. Lee, Charles, Royal Vineyard Nursery, Hammersmith. Llewellyn, J. T. D., Ynisygerwn, Neath, Glamorgan- shire. Little, Henry, HiUingdon Place, Hilhngdon, near Uxbridge. Masters, Ma.well T., M.D., F.R.S., Mount Avenue, Ealing, W. Mclntyre, A., Victoria Park, Hackney, E. Moore Thos., F.L.S., Botanic Gardens, Chelsea, S.W. Ollcrhead, J., The Gardens, Wimbledon House, Wimbledon, S.W. Osborn, Robt., The Nurseries, Fulham, S.W. Parker, Robert, Exotic Nursery, Tooting, S.W. Paul, George, Cheshunt, Herts. Roger, Alexander, Era House, Surrey Lane, Batter- sea, S.W. Smith, F. T., The Nurseries, Dulwich, S.E, Smith, G., New Villa, Hedge Lane, Edmonton. Smith, Geo., Tollington Nursery, Hornsey Road, N, Turner, Harry, Royal Nursery, Slough. N'eitch, .Arthur, Royal Exotic Nursery, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. Warner, Robert, F.L.S., Broomfield, Chelmsford. Williams, Henry, Victoria Nursery, Upper HoUoway, N. Wills, John, Onslow Crescent, Onslow Square, S.W. Variorum. An E.\hibition in India. — We have been favoured with a programme of a proposed exhibition, which serves to show how agriculture and horticulture are progressing under the auspices of enlightened native rulers : — ' ' Nawab Ahsunollah begs to inform the public that, in addition to the Mela which he holds on January i, at the Shah Bag, in honour of the assumption of the title of Empress by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Empress of India, he also intends to hold an Agricultural Exhibi- tion this time, with a view to encourage the tenants of his estates and those of the other zemindars of this dis- trict in improving the breed of their cattle and the pro- ductions of their lands, and their implements of agricul- ture, husbandry, &e. Nawab Ahsunollah, therefore, begs to invite the public to come to the exhibition and compete for the prizes, a list of which is given below ; he 122 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1879. also solicits the favour of the Government officers and the zemindars of this district to help and assist him with their valuable advice and co-operation in this useful under- taking, for which he shall always remain grateful to them." We cite a few of the classes, as showing what are the staple products of agricultural and garden industry (omitting the classes for live stock, poultry, &c.). Class 2. Grain, being the produce of the exhibitor's own lands, to be exhibited in samples of not less than 10 seers. — Best 'table Rice, 16 rs. ; best common Rice, 8 rs. : best Indian Corn, 4 rs. Class 3. Pulse, being the produce as before. — Best Gram, 10 rs. ; best Peas, 5 rs. ; best Urur, 5 rs. ; best collection of Dais, five or more sorts, in samples of not less than 2 seers of each kind, 8 rs. Class 4. Tubers, being the produce as before, to be exhibited in quantities of i maund. — Best Potatos, 5 rs. ; best Sweet Potatos, 5 rs. ; best Turmeric, 4 rs. ; best Ginger, 4 rs. ; best Arrowroot, 5 rs. ; best Potatos imported, 5 rs. Class 5. Fibres, being the produce as before, to be e.\hibited in quantities ot 5 seers each. — Best Jute, 20 rs.; best Flax, 5 rs. ; best Sunn, 5 rs. ; best Aloe fibre, 5 rs. Class 6. Cotton, wool, being the produce of the exhi- bitor's own land and live stock, to weigh not less than 10 seers each. — Best Cotton grown in the district from foreign seed, 15 rs. ; best country Cotton, ro rs. Class 7. Dyes, in samples of 5 seers each. — Best saf- flower, being the produce of any district, 6 rs. ; best lac dye, 8 rs. Class 8. Oil seed, being the produce of the exhibitor's own land, sample not less tlian 5 seers. — Best Linseed; 4 rs. : best Mustard seed, 4 rs. ; best Till seed, 4 rs. best Castor seed, 4 rs. ; best Sirgoojah, 6 rs. Class 9. Tobacco, being the produce of the exhibitor's own land, samples in 5 seers. — Best Tobacco in leaf, Class 10. Sugar-cane and raw sugar. — For best two canes, ordinary country, 5 rs. ; for best goor, 10 seers, Srs. Class 12. Garden produce. — Best collection of vege- tables, 10 rs. : best collection exhibited by any ryot, being bonajidc the produce of his own land, 5 rs. ; best collection of fruits, 10 rs. ; best collection of flowers, 10 rs. Special prizes are ofifered for the tenants of the Nawab's estate. Seeds. — A correspondent of the AVrc York Tribune states that it is the practice of the Connecti- cut State Board of Agriculture to take up at each of its annual meetings some one subject and discuss it as fully as circumstances permit. Last year, in Norwalk, December 11 — 13, the special theme was seed. Pro- fessor \V. H. Brewer, of Yale College, read a paper on causes which affect their vitality. The only evidence of life a seed has is that it will grow ; it may die, and no process known may discover the fact, or warm it into life again. The first cause that affects vitality is time. The British Association in 1840 appointed a committee to investigate this subject. They made fifteen reports in as many years ; their experiments covered over 354 species ; no seed over forty-two years old sprouted ; eleven kinds sprouted that were from fifteen to nineteen years old, and less than forty that were over twelve years old. Of seeds four years old 42 per cent. grew. Of eighty-four kinds three years old seventy-eight grew. The way in which seeds are cured has much to do with their vitality. Dry seeds Dave been subjected to a great degree of cold artifici- ally without losing their vitality. Hybrids are notori- ously unproductive, while cross-fertilisation has a different effect. To have good seeds they should be well dried, put in small packages, and kept in a dry place. Mr. J. J. H. Gregory lectured on the Cul- ture of Vegetable Seeds. Including herbs there are about seventy species of seeds grown in the United States ; of these about 400 varieties arc found in the catalogues of dealers ; of these species less than twenty enter into the general consumption ; about one-half of this number are imported. Some vege- tables are American exclusively, and in no country are they raised in such abundance. The best varie- ties of Potatos are grown just north of the Apple zone — in Vermont and Northern New York. The statis- tics of seed growing are hard to get at. In New York about 3000 acres are devoted to raising seed Peas, and 250 acres to small seeds. In New Jersey and Pennsylvania about 1000 acres more, with the same in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Con- necticut— the three latter exclusively to the smaller seeds. Professor Brewer lectured also on " Varie- ties of Cultivated Plants ; how to make them and how to improve them." He explained the difference between species and varieties ; the causes which in Nature produce varieties ; the influence brought to bear on the living plant ; how the seed contains all the processes and possibilities of the plant, and whatever modifications are produced are transmitted by heredity ; .also the influence of seed in forming new varieties, and how new varieties may be produced. Professor D. C. Eaton in a lecture on hybrids and hybridism, said that some of the finest results in Nature are produced by this means. Mr. J. H. BOWDITCII explained how plants are propagated, but did not take the ground that farmers can best raise their own supply, Dr. E. Lewis Sturtevant gave a lecture on "Seed Breeding." He had an ex- perimental plot on which manure had been applied at the rate of 42 cords [a cord is equivalent to 128 cubic feet] per acre. Three plots of corn, of sixteen hills each, were planted on this — the hills 4 feet each, with three seeds per hill. Plot No. i was not hoed, No. 2 well hoed, No. 3 root-pruned four times. The result was that No. I gave two ears as good as planted. No. 2 five ears, and No. 3 twenty-six ears. The experiments also indicated that the influence of selec- tion had much to do in the result of a crop : the lower ear of corn on the stalk is the best for seed. The Rice Weevil as a Corn Destroyer. — It .appears from a recent communication to an American paper, the Prairie Farmer, by Pro- fessor Cyrus Thomas, State Entomologist of Illi- nois, that the Rice-weevil (Sitophilus oryzx) has been unusually destructive to stored grain in South Illinois the present winter. It has, however, says Professor C. 'V. Riley, in the Ncto York Tribune, developed an additional trait, in being equally destructive to Indian Corn in cribs, ears of corn thoroughly ruined by it having been recently sent from Springfield. This insect is closely allied to the common grain weevil, Sitophilus granaria, but is distinguished by having four paler or reddish marks upon the wing- covers. As its name indicates, it is most frequently found in Rice, though often in Barley. The principal remedies against the ravages of these insects are stated by the Professor to be sulphur fumes, kiln- drying, and the sprinkling of air-slaked lime on the grain. Of these the last is the only one practicable for cribbed corn. Sugar-Cane Disease in British Honduras. — The Planters' Gazette announces the reappear- ance in British Honduras, after a lapse of some years, of a disease which attacks the Sugar-cane. It is stated to first appear in the form of a white froth above the roots, and that on opening up the roots the same kind of froth is seen amidst a quantity of moisture, and this in dry weather, and under a tropical sun. Maggots are bred in this froth, which develope into flies. These flies, when moving about the leaves of the cane exude moisture from their bodies, leaving stains as they progress, and where such is the case the leaves wither. At a previous visitation of this disease the loss to the crops amounted in some instances to more than 50 per cent. It is said that no remedy or preventive measures are known in Honduras, but it is hoped that by publicity being given to the fact of this scourge, some information as to its true nature and probable prevention may be forthcoming. THE KAIETEUR FALL, BRITISH GUIANA. Mr. E. F. Im Thurn, of the British Guiana Museum, has published an account of a trip to the Kaieteur Waterfall, first discovered by a Mr. Brown, who described it as one of the most magnificent falls in the world. The object of Mr. Im Thurn's expedi- tion was to ascertain whether it was really so grand as Mr. Brown pictures it. The total height of the actual fall is 741 feet, and the width at times of high- water 370 feet, while at low-water it decreases to rather less than half that width. Compared with the two greatest falls in the world (Niagara and the Great Yosemite Valley Fall in California), Mr. Im Thurn says the Kaieteur is but small, but he thinks for the beauty of the surrounding scenery nothing can surpass the Kaieteur. It is, in fact, he continues, the mar- vellous surroundings which should make the Kaieteur one of the wonders of the world. They first approached the fall from below through a ravine, the whole floor of which, as well as the hillside for some distance up, " is covered, apparently to the depth of several hun- dred feet, by a litter of huge boulders, varying in size from that of a large house to a few feet square, and piled in the wildest confusion." The vegetation is rich, varied, and magnificent, and as a collecting place for a naturalist Mr. Im Thurn asserts no better spot could be found. Their visit to the top of the fall we give almost in the words of the author of the narra- tive. After spending twenty-four hours at the foot of the fall they returned by an easier route to Tukine, and thence to the top of the fall. The way lay along a beaten Indian track, which is only difficult because, in parts, very steep. After two hours' climb through the forest they came out on to the savannah from which the Kaieteur falls. " No more strange place than this was ever imagined. The giound is formed by an entirely bare layer of hard coglomerate rock. No soil exists except in the cracks and fissures. In these small deposits of earth, innumer- able Agaves, wliich form the most prominent feature in the scene, have taken root. Thickets of splendid flowered Sobralia, Orchids as tall as a man, and many other rare .and quaint plants grow among the Agave groups, each of which is laced together by a large Fera (I'teris), almost exactly like the delicately beautiful and graceful English bracken. . . . Crossing the savannah, we soon reached the Kaieteur cliff. Lying at full length on the ground, head over the edge of the cliff, I gazed down. Then, and only then, the splendid, and in the most solemn sense of the word awful beauty of the Kaieteur burst upon me. Seven hundred and fifty feet below, encircled in black boulders, lay a great pool, into which the column of white waters, graceful as a cease- less flight of innumerable rockets, tliundered from by my side. Behind the fall, through the thinnest part of the veil of foam and mist, the great black cavern made the white of the water look yet more white. My first sensations were of a terrible and undefined fear. Those who visit the fall will understand this. Then, when some of the men hurled down a big Agave plant, the act seemed to cause me an unbearable pain : I had as soon have hurled myself over as have allowed a repetition of the act just then. Gradually, however, these painful feelings gave way to others of intense wondering deUght ; and the whole scene — the gigantic weird fall, the dark slippery places below the grass-covered rocks at the gate of the amphi- theatre, and beyond that the bright thickly wooded valley with its winding river, were revealed to me, never again to be forgotten. Tlie reward for the journey was complete." The Agaves of the sav.annah interested Mr. Im Thurn very much. He describes the base of each leaf of the rosette as being so curved in its edges against the leaf immediately within it, as to form a reservoir cap.able of containing from half-a-pint to a pint of water which is replenished nightly by the copious dews. He was also found a Drosera growing very abundantly among the loose stones overlying the rocks in the very driest parts of the savannah, and covered with entrapped insects. STATE OF THE WE A THBR A T SLA CKHBA TH, LONDON For the Week ending Wednesday, Jan. 22, 1879. Hygrome- tncal De- Temperature of THE Air. ductions from Wind. Glaisher's >. Tables 6tli 0 Edition. Q < X (- ean Reading iieduced to 32° Fahr. part u re from Average of 18 years. 1, X 3> rt L. ,0 = S' SSa s c Is III 1 a n S Q a Jar,. 16 In. 29.81 In. t , 1 . + 0.0838.628.4 IOJ.2 33°.2 -VSSO.J 89(1 Hi In. 0.00 17 3003 +0-3o'34-9=9i S-8 32.2 - 4.631.3 97 E.N.E.: o.co iS 29.88 1 + 0.1434.030.6 3'-4 32.4 - 4530.6 93 N.E. 0.56 19 30.16 +:o 42 35 .029 0 6.0 31-7 — 5-3 29-4 91 j \lt--- 20 29.98 4-0.2430.426.0 4-4 28.5 - 8725-= 87 E.S.E. : S.E. 0.00 21 2977 4-0.0230.323.4 6.926.9 — J0423.1, 86 E.S.E. 0.00 22 29.84 4-0.0931.126.3 4.828.4 — 9.024.6 8s 1 ' E.N.E. 0.00 Mean 29.92 -1-0.1833.527.5 6.0 1 30, sj- 6627.8 9o| E. : .sum N.E. jo.s6 Jan. 16.— A fine day, partially; cloudy. Cold. Hoarfrost in morning. — 17.— Very dark and thick fog till 3 r.M., clearer after. A dull cold day. Hoar frost. — 18.— A miserable day. Heavy fall of snow and sleet. Sloppy under foot, — ig. — Fine, but very cloudy till evening, then cloudless. Cold. Sharp frost at night. -Fine, but dull and cloudy. Very cold. -Overcast and dull throughout. Raw coM. Very slight snow at intervals. -Overcast and dull till 2 P.M., fine and bright after. Cloudless at night. Bitterly cold. Wind brisk. 20.- 21.- London : Barometer. — During the week ending Saturday, January 18, in the vicinity of London the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea in- creased from 29.75 inches at the beginning of the week to 30.22 inches by the evening of the 12th, decreased to 30.09 inches by the morning of the 13th, increased to 30.20 inches by the evening of the same day, decreased to 29.68 inches by the morning of the 15th, increased to 30.26 inches by noon on the 17th, decreased to 29.9S inches by noon on the 18th, and increased to 30.13 inches by the end of the week. January 25, 1879.3 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 123 The mean reading for the week at sea level was 30.03 inches, being 0.12 inch above that of the pre- ceding week, and 0.12 inch above the average. Tcmperatmw — The highest temperatures of the air observed by day varied from 46^° on the 14th, 45i° on the 13th, and 45° on the 15th, to 34° on the iSth, and 34^° on the 12th ; the mean value for the week was 40°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night varied from 20° on the 12th, and 2Si° on the l6th, to 35^° on the 15th, and 34!° on the 14th ; the mean for the week was 30°. The mean daily range of temperature in the week was 10°, the greatest range in the day was 14^" on the 12th, and the least 3^° on the iSth. The mean daily temperatures of the air and the departures from their respective averages were as follows:— 1 2th, 26°.4, — 10°; 13th, 39".?, + 3°.3 ; 14th, 4i°.5, + 5° ; 15th, 39°.8, + 3''.3 ; i6th, 33°.2, — 3°.5; 17th, 32°.2, — 4°.6; iSth, 32°.4,— 4^.5. The mean temperature of the air for the week was 35°, being l°.6 below the average of observations ex- tending over a period of sixty years. The highest readings of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo, placed in sun's rays, were 66° on the 15th, 57° on the 16th, and 54{° on the 12th ; on the 17th the reading did not rise above 40°. The lowest readings of a thermometer on grass, with its bulb exposed to the sky, were 19° on the 12th and 26° on the i6lh and 17th; the mean of the seven lowest readings was 27^°. Wind. — The direction of the wind was variable, and its strength gentle. The weather during the week was dull and changeable. A dense fog pre- vailed on the 17th, and heavy snow fell on the 18th. On the 1 2th the Thames at high water was almost blocked with ice, but the thaw which set in at mid- night on the I2th, and lasted till the 15th, rapidly cleared the river of the accumulated ice. Rail! fell onthe 12th, 13th, 14th, and 15th, and snow .fell on the iStli ; the amount of rain and melted snow measured was 0.86 inch. England : Temperature. — During the week ending Saturday, January iS, the highest temperatures of the air observed by day were 53° at Truro, 504° at Plymouth, and 49° at Bristol ; the highest tem- perature of the air at Norwich and Hull was 43°, and at Brighton was 45° ; the mean value from all places was 46^°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night were 1 15° at Bristol, 15^° at Wolverhampton and Nottingham, 16° at Truro, 17^° at Plymouth, 19° at both Cambridge and Norwich, and 19^" at Leicester; the lowest tem- perature of the air at Sunderland was 30°, and at Hull was 26° ; the mean value from all places was 2oi-°. The extreme range of temperature in the week was the greatest at Bristol, 374°, and the least at Sunderland, 15° ; the mean range of temperature from all stations was 26°. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was the highest at Truro, 50^°, Plymouth 46°, and Bristol 44J, and the lowest at Wolverhampton, 38°, and Norwich, 383° ; the mean from all stations was 4li°. The mean of the seven low night tempe- ratures was the lowest at Wolverhampton, 25J', Bristol 26j°, Nottingham 27°, and Leicester 2Si° ; and -he highest at Truro, 364°, and Sunderland, 33I ; the ;eneral mean from all places was 30^°. The mean daily range of temperature in the week was the .east at Sunderland, 7 J, and the greatest at Bristol, ilSj ; the mean daily range from all places was n°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from ill stations was 35^°, being 8J° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 1878. The mean tem- perature for the week was highest at Truro, 43^°, Plymouth 39}°, and Sunderland 37^° ; and the lowest It Wolverhampton, 31J', Nottingham 33°, Leicester 334°, and Cambridge 33!'. Rain or snow fell on four or five days in the week ;jenerally ; the amounts measured varied from 2.02 nches at Truro, 1.98 inch at Plymouth, 1.44 inch It Wolverhampton, and 1.35 inch at Liverpool, .0 0.31 inch at Norwich, and 0.58 inch at Not- ingham ; the average amount over the country was 1.07 inch. The weather during the week was dull, gloomy, nd cold, with fog, and frequent snow and rain. Scotland : Temperature. — During the week ending January 19 the highest temperatures of the lir observed by day varied from 48° at Glasgow and '47° at Leith, to 40° at Dundee and 404° at Aberdeen ; the mean from all stations was 444°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night varied from 7° at Perth, 12° at Paisley, 14° at Dundee, and 164" at Edinburgh and Leith, to 25° at Aberdeen and 2if° at Glasgow ; the mean from all places was 161°. The mean range of temperature in the week from all stations was 27!°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all places was 33iJ°, being 9^° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 187S. The highest were 36° at Glasgow and 35 J° at Leith ; and the lowest were 28i° at Perth, and if at Dundee. Rain. — The amounts of rain or melted snow measured during the week varied from l^ inch at Glasgow and Perth to three-tenths of an inch at Paisley ; the average amount over the country was I inch. Dublin. — The highest temperature of the air was 54|°, the lowest was 26^°, the range 28°, the mean 41°, and the amount of rain or melted snow was 0.40 inch. JAMES GLAISHER. fiihj ifltes. Important to Fruit Importers. — At the Westminster County Court last week the case of Davidson v. Gray, Barrow & Co. was heard before Mr. Judge Russell, in which the plaintiff, a ship- owner, sued the defendants, Iruit importers, of Pud- ding Lane, City, to recover the sum of;^5i. The case was remitted from the High Court of Justice, and on the present occasion Mr. Bicknell appeared as counsel for the plaintiff, and Mr. Lloyd, barrister, for the defence. From the Counsel's opening statement it appeared that the action was brought to recover on an agreed contract to convey 75° bags of nuts from Tarragona to London in good and sound condition, at the rate of £1^^ ton. The nuts were delivered in due course, but the defendant objected to p.ay the plaintiff's claim, and had entered a set-off in his defence that the nuts were slack in their bags, and otherwise damaged in transit, in consequence of which he had sustained a loss amounting to £l 17s. 6d. The plaintiff did not appear in person. It was urged on the part of the defence that the nuts had been considerably damaged on the voyage, that some of the bags were patched and rotten, and that they were consequently deficient in weight. He had paid into Court what he considered due, and disputed further liability. In cross-examination, defendant admitted receiving two sacks of sweepings from the hold of the vessel, and that the bills of lading were signed .as "weight unknown." At this stage of the case the learned counsel for the defendant urged that the action had been improperly brought. His Honour said as the .action w.as one of con- siderable importance to fruit importers throughout the kingdom, and considering the absence of all witnesses in support of the plaintiff's case, he (the learned Judge) would read over the evidence, and give judgment on a future day. ffinqutrifs. He tJuit questioneth much sJiall team much. — Bacon. Bones as Manure. — Where are bones fii"st men- tioned as dung for the ground? Is there anything earlier than Jeremiah viii., i, 2? J. M. R. Llave.\ cordifolia. — Messrs. W. & J. Birkenhead, Fern Nursery, Sale, near Manchester, would be glad to know where they could obtain a plant of this Fern, either by purchase or exchange. Answers to Correspondents. DiCHOGAMOUS ; H. G. Where tlic stamens are developed before the pistil, or the pistil before the stamens, the term dichogamous is used. In such flowers the pistil must be fertilised by pollen from some other flower. In " cleistogamous ' ' flowers the petals or sepals do not open to admit insects, and in conse- quence the pollen fertilises the pistil of the same flower. Examination for Honours : H. G. We presume you allude to the examinations at the University of London. If so you should apply to the Registrar of the University, Burlington Gardens, W. Fowl's Dung: S., Rotterdam. The dung of the do- mestic fowl is a valuable fertiliser, but it is almost as strong as the best guano, and requires to be used with care. For the fruit trees we should advise you to use it as a top-dressing, well mixed with soil ; and for the vegetable crops in the form of a well-diluted liquid. If applied according to the safe rule of "weak and often," good results will follow its use, but you must avoid overdoing it. France: Etranger. Situations in France are most gene- rally obtained through private influence, or by the friendly aid of some nurseryman. Failing these you might try an advertisement in these columns, or in the Revue Horticotc, in which case you should address M. A. Pelletier, 26, Rue Jacob, Paris. Lily of the Valley : Market Gardetier. The ques- tion is a legal one, which we cannot pretend to advise you upon. Your best plan is to consult a respectable solicitor, who would probably advise you to resist pay- ment, and commence an action against the vendor for the loss you have incurred by reason of the roots turn- ing out worthless. N.\MES of Plants : y. N., Inverness. Myrsiphyllum aspar.agoides, as near as we can tell without flowers. — Reader, i, Niphobolus Lingua ; 2, not recognised, send a better frond ; 3, Adiantum hispidulum ; 4, Polystichum capense ; 5, Lastrea glabella ; 6, Lastrea acuminata; 7, Cibotium Schiedei. — W, S. Centro- pogon Lucyanus, a garden hybrid. Pomegranate : J. B. Punica Granatum is easily pro- pagated by cuttings or layers, both of which root freely. We will answer yoiu: other question next week. Roman Hyacinths : W. B. &■ Co. We can offer no explanation. It is quite clear, on cutting through the bulbs, that no flower-spike has been formed. Wages and Fees : .V. Y. Z. i. No ; if, as we un- derstand, the wages are paid weekly. 2, No ; but it would be for instruction given. Catalogues Received. — A. M. C. Jongkindt Con- ninck (Dcdemsvaart, Holland), List of Spirtea palmata elegans.— -lames Yates (Underbank, Stockport, and 34, Hop Exchange, Borough, London, S.E.), Trade Catalogue of Garden and Flower Seeds. — Thomas Kennedy & Co. (Dumfries), Catalogue of Select Vegetable and Flower Seeds. — Messrs. James Cocker & Sons (82, Union Street, Aberdeen), Descriptive Catalogue of Select Vegetable and Flower Seeds. — Messrs. Kerr & Fotheringham (Dumfries), General Catalogue of Flower and Vegetable Seeds, &c. — Messrs. W. Smith & Son (i8, Market Street, Aber- deen), Descriptive Spring Catalogue. — J. T. Lyles (15, Petty Cury, Cambridge), Descriptive Catalogue of Kitchen Garden, Agi'icultural, and Flower Seeds. — Messrs. John Perkins & Son (52, Market Square, Southampton), General Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds. — Messrs. Little & Ballantyne (Carlisle), General Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue. — Major F. F. Hallett (The Manor House, Brighton), List of Pedigree Cereals. — Messrs. Dick Radclyfte & Co. (129, High Holborn, London, W.C.), General Seed List. — Messrs. Thomas Perkins & Sons (34, The Drapery, Northampton), Descriptive Catalogue of Fruit Trees, Roses, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Forest Trees, &c. ; also Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds. — George Cooling ( Broad Street, Bath), Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Gladiolus, &c. — Messrs. M. Saunders & Sons (Friars' Walk Nurseries, Cork), a Descriptive Catalogue of Roses, Coniferoe, Shrubs, and Forest Trees, Rhododendrons, Fruit Trees, GladioU, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c. — Messrs. W. P. Laird & Sinclair (Dundee), Cata- logue of Choice Vegetable, Flower, and Farm Seeds, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, &c. 1^" Foreign Subscribers sending Post-office Orders are requested to make them payable at the post-office, King Street, Covent Garden, London, and at the same time to inform the Publisher at the office of this Journal. Communications Received : — E. Holmes. — R. Nisbet.^ J. D,— W. P.— W. C— G. Carstensen.— O. Orpet.— G. Ellis. — Dr. P.-G. D.— W. B. H.-J. R.— R. F.— T. T.— D. B.— J. M.— A. D.— M. D.— W. U.-A. O. W.— H. Field — G. S. (next week).— W. W.— J. H. K., Haarlem (best thank-.). ^F. v. M. — K. K., Berlin (with many thanks). — E. A. — E. T.— A. W. -J. H. B.-V. E. B.— T. P. COVENT GARDEN, January 23. Business is at a complete standstill, sales being only occasionally effected, James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Plants in Pots. s. d. s. d. Arum Lily, or Rich- ardia 2eihiop.,doz. i8 0-24 o Azaleas, per dozen.. 24 0-60 o Begonias, per doz. . . 6 0-12 o Bouvardias, per doz.18 0-24 o Camellias, per dozeniS 0-60 o Cinerarias, per doz,i2 0-18 o Cyclamens, per doz. 12 0-30 o Cyperus, per dozen 6 0-12 o Dracaena terminalis 30 0-60 o — viridis, per doz. . . 18 0-24 o Epiphyllum, perdoz. 18 0-60 o Erica Caffra, p. doz. 60-90 — gracilis, p. dozen 9 0-12 o — hyemalis, p. doz. 12 0-42 o s. d. s. d. Euonymus, var.,doz. 6 0-18 o Ferns, in var.,p. doz. 4 0-18 o Ficus elastica, each 2 6-1"; o Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each .. ..2 o-io 6 Mignonette, per doz. 6 o- g o Myrdes, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Palms in variety, each .. ..2 6-2J o Pelargoniums, scar- lets, zonal, doz .. 6 0-12 o Primulas, per dozen 6 0-12 o Solanums, per doz. 6 0-18 o Tulips, per dozen .. 8 0-12 o Abutilon, 12 blooms o Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 6 Azaleas, 12 sprays .. i Bouvardias, per bun. i Camellias, per dozen 3 Carnations, per dozen i Cyclamen, 12 blooms o Deutzia, 12 bunches 6 Epiphyllum, 12 blms. i Eucharis. per doz. .. 6 Euphorbia, 12 sprays 3 Gardenias, 12 blnis.12 Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o Hyacinths, 12 spks. 4 — Roman, 12 spks. 2 Cut Flowers. . d. s. d. 6- 0-18 o 0-30 0-40 c-12 o 0-30 0-18 o 0-60 0-24 o 6-10 0-12 o 0-40 Lily ofVaI.,i2sprays 2 Mignonette, 12 bun. 12 Narcissus, paper- white, 12 sprays . . 2 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 2 — zonal, 12 sprays i Primula, double, per bunch .. ..I — single. 12 bunch. 6 Roses (indoor), doz. 3 Tropseolum, 12 bun. 2 Tuberoses, per dozen 3 Tulips, 12 blooms .. i Violets, 12 bunches 4 d. s. d. 0-60 0-18 o 0-60 0-40 0-20 0-20 0-12 o 0-12 o 0-60 0-60 0-30 0-90 124 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1879." Apples, ^-basket . . Cobs and Filberts, lb. Grapes, per lb. .. Lemons, per loo .. Fruit. I. d. s. d. 16-50 09-10 30-80 S o-io o Vegetables. 5. d. s. d. Oranges, per roo Pears, per doz. Pine-apples, pei s. d. s. d. ., 40-80 .. 40-80 ib.ii 0-26 Artichokes, English Globe, doz, .. 20-40 — Jerusalem, bush- 40-.. Asparagus, Fr. sprue, per bundle . . 16-.. — Fr. giant, p. bun. 30 c- .. Beans, French, p. loo 30-.. Beet, per doz. . . 10-20 Brus. sprouts, bush.u o- .. Cabbages, per doz. .. i o- a o Carrots, per bunch . . 04-06 Cauliflowers, per doz. 20-50 Celery, per bundle .. 16-20 Chilis, per 100 .. 30- .. Cucumbers, each ,. i c- 2 o Endive, Batav. dozen 16-.. Garlic, per lb. .. 06- .. Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04 The Potato market is quiet, and without alteration in prices :- Regents, looj. to 130X. : Early Rose. nor. to lacj. per ton. *. d. s. d. Horse Radish, p bun. 4 o- .. Lettuces, Cabbage, per doz. .. ..16-.. Mint, green, bunch. . 16-.. Onions, young, bun. 04-06 Parsley, per bunch.. 04-.. Peas, per quart ..12 o- .. Potatos, new, basket 10-.. Radishes, per bunch 01-03 — Spanish, doz. .. 10- .. — New Jersey, doz. 20-.. Rhubarb, doz. ..10 o- .. Shallots, per lb. .. 06- .. Seakale, per punnet 26-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-50 Sweet Potatos, per lb. 06-.. Tomatos, per dozen 26-30 Turnips, p. 12 bunch. 30-60 SEEDS. London ; yaJi. 22. — The markets this week have been fairly attended, and there has been a quiet steady demand for farm seeds. An increased spirit of inquiry is now shown by country dealers, and the low level of value characterising all varieties naturally attracts attention. Choice new American Clover can be bought on Mark Lane at 4i.r. per cwt. As regards home-grown seed, prices arc irregular ; large purple seed being scarce commands comparatively high rates, but good useful English red can be obtained at from ^^48 to j^54 per ton. Fine Trefoil is held at about 22J. 6d. per cwt. Perhaps the cheapest article on the market this year is Alsike, handsome parcels of which are offering at from 60^. to 64,?. per 112 lb. White Clover is also most moderate in price ; new foreign Italian is quoted at from 16s. 6d. to lys. 6 also consideral'ly reduced, and likewise the space occupied ; at the same time these Boders are simple in construction, and being made of wrought-iron are not liable to crack. They are made of the following sizes :— Sizes. To heat of 4-in. Pipe. Price. High. Wide. Long. Feet. £ s. d. 20 in. 18 in. 18 in. 300 700 20 ,, .8 „ 2« >. 400 3 0 0 20 1. 18 „ 30 ,. 500 900 24 .. 24 .. 24 ., 700 12 0 0 24 .. -4 » 30 .. 850 14 0 0 24 ., 24 .. 36 „ 1000 1I6 0 0 24 „ 24 .1 48 „ 1400 20 0 0 28 ,. 28 „ 60 „ 1800 25 0 0 From Mr. Charles Young. Nurseries, Balhatn HtU, S.IV., May 29. 1873. " Having given your Patent ' Double L" Boilers a fair trial at my Nurseries, I beg to say that they are most satisfactory. I consider them the best in use, and without doubt the most economical of all boilers ; they will burn the refuse of other tubu'ar boilers I have in work." PRICE LISTS of HOT-WATER PIPES and CONNEC- TIONS with Boilers, of all siies and shapes : or ESTIMATES r>r HOT-WATER APPARATUS, erected complete, will be hent on application. J. JONES AND SONS, Ircn Meichants, 6, Bankside, South- wark, London, S. E. When ordering Boilers please rtfer to the above advertisement. Indestructible Terra-Cotta Plant Markers. MAW AND CO.'S PATENT.^ Prices, Printed Patterns, and Specimens, sent post- free on application; also Patterns of Ornamental Tile Pave- ments for Conservatories, Entrance Halls. &c. MAW AND CO., Henihall Works. Broseley. rpERRA-COTTA more durable than Stone.— -L Vases, Tazza*:, Flower Trays, Pedestals, IJalustradea, Brackets, Terminals, Cornices, &c. For designs and prices, applj to JOHN M. BLASHFIELO, 42. Bemers Street. W. HE L L I W E L L'S PATENTED NEW SYSTEM of AIR and WATER-TIGHT IMPERISHABLE GLAZING. All Woodwork is covered, and no outside Painting is required. Old Roofs Reglazcd. Any one can repair or take in pieces. " It is suitable for Railway Stations, Mills, Weaving Sheds, &C , but is specially applicable to Conservatories. Plant Houses, and Orchard Houses, and we should be very much inclined to try the system. It is certainly worth looking to."— The Builder. ** And will, in our oplninn, supersede any other similar system before the public." — Building News. "It seems to meet the end in view more nearly than any- thing we have seen yet." — The Field. *' The patent has given high satisfaction to every one uaii)( it."— The Christian Union. " Convincingly prove the new Glazing System to be worthy the attention ol readers of the Keystone." — The Keystone. For Estimates, Drawings, or Particulars, apply to the Patentee. T. W. HELLIWELL, Brigbouse, Yorkshire ; or. 19, Parliament Street, London, W.C. HE GRAVEL -WALK METAL SCRAPER MATS. — They improve the appear.ance of Entrances, are suitable for all kinds ot Gravel-walk Entrances, in all weathers, either to remove the loose grit after summer showers, or the dirt or snow of winter. Their texture SPIV'S a firm Jiold to the feet in ivhatez'er direction you step. They are the width of an ordmary step, and being directly in the path cannot escape use, save much wear in other mats, floorcloths, and carpets, aod their endurance is incalculable. Lengths, 2 feet 3 inches, price 10s. ; 2 feet 6 inches, \is. \ 3 feet, 14.J. ; 3 feet 4 inches, i6j. ; 3 feet 8 inches. 18^. : 4 feet, i-s. All 12 inches wide. Tidcombe's Patent Gravel-walk Metal Scraper RLits at suitable fur Mansions, Villas, French Casements, Conservatories, Hothouses, Greenhouses. Flower Gardens, Kitchen Gardeas, Places of VVor>hip. CuIIegcs, Schools, Manufactories, Hotels, Public Institutions, and all Enirances leading from Sandy, Gritty, or Gravel Walk--. Delivered on Railway on receipt of re- mittance.payable to G. TIDCOMBE ANoSON.Waiford.Hem. THE Salisbury Combination Secretaires. FOLEY'S PATENT. No. 1 B. 6 ft. 9 in. by 3 ft. 3 in. THE SALISBURY COMBINATION SECRETAIRES are adapted to all purposes and classes of society. Combine the uses of Bookcases, Bureaus, China Cabinets, Cellaret, Sideboards. Escritoires, Secretaires, &c. Every part is utilised, the floor space is the same, whelhei open or closed. These Secretaires are elegant and original in dcsl^ abd COO* struction, arid destined to b«come the Cabinet of the age. List of Prices a^id Illustrations of other Comb i nations €9^ be obtained 0^ the Patentee and Manufacturer, ARTHUR FOLEY, FISHERTON MACHINE CABINET W0KK5, SALISBURY. THE CLOSER WE SHAVE our customer; the better they like us, and if we take, easily, all bu their skin, ihey are delighted." Thus said, or did, MECHK MAGIC STROPS. PASTE, and RAZORS, which for Fift; Years have maintained the No. i position. — 112, Regent Street London, W. — All the nice things in Dressing Bags, Dressinj Cases, and Elegancies for Presentation. Catalogues post-free. JAXUARV 25, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 125 T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.G., CONSERVATORY AND GREENHOUSE BUILDERS, AND HOT-WATER ENGINEERS. E TORTOISE" SPECIALIT? n ORANGE lARIALAIE, THE SEVILLE ORANGE MARMALADE IS PREPARED ONLY PV JOHN MOIR & SON, LONDON, ABERDEEN, and SEVILLE, \t their FACTORY in SEVILLE, under Patent from H.iM. ALFONSO XII , KING of SPAIN. All OTHES. Brands of Marmalade are prepared in the old way. Pot5 and Bottles will be wrapped in pink paper and stamped, as shown in the Daily Neivs, January i, 4, 13, 15, and 17. The Thames Bank Iron Company OLD BARGE WHARF, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E., Have the largest and most complete stock in the Trade ; upwards of ^20,000 worth to choose from. -lOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, And all CASTINGS for HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. Their Neio Illustrated Catalogue, Zih Edition, now ready {price Sixpence). lot-water Apparatus erected complete, or the Materials supplied at Wholesale Prices. LEGION OF HONOUR (Paris Exhibition) : GOLD MEDAL. W. H. Lascelles, HORTICULTURAL BUILDER, 121. BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.G. aANGE of PATENT BENT WOOD CURVED VINERIES, PLANT HOUSES, &c., recently erected at Croydon. These Houses are light, strong, durable, and of elegant appearance. Can be made as cheaply IS a plam, straight House, and no Bent Glass need be used. Illustrated Sheets sent, post-free, on application, and Estimates given without charge. "rpHl X s STOVE. tile-Uned, without grate, is the cheapest and most efficient heating power for Conservatories, Greenhouses, &c.. being perfectly free from emiiling sulphur fumes : it burns coke, cinders, or any refuse fuel without attention : no dust. Prices from 305. to 60s. each. Apply for Testimonial* to C. PORT- WAY, Patentee, Halstead, Essex ; or to HYDE and WIGFULL (Limited), Sheffield, sole Licencees and Makers for the North of England. RICHARDSON'S PATENT HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS StCTION or PATENT ROOF VENTILATOR Illusfruttotis, Price Lists, afid Testimonials free. Hot-water Apparatus fixed in any part of the Kingdom, and guaranteed. W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders & Hot-water Engineers, DARLINGTON. JOHN BOWMAN, Timber and Mahogany Importer and Merchant, HORTICULTURAL BUILDER, WEST END STEAM JOINERY, NEWCASTLE-GN-TYNE. GREENHOUSES complete, from £10 to £1000. Portable Box with One Light, 6 feet by 4 feet, glazed ) 16 oz. sheet glass, and painted four coats . . .. S PoRTAKi.E Box with Two Lights, as above, each Light 1 6 feet by 4 feet. 65*. Estimates given for Conservatories and Green- houses of every kind. Well-seasoned Materials and First-class Workmanship guaran 'eed. GREENHOUSE LIGHTS, FRAME LIGHTS, PIT LIGHTS. All sizes in Stock or in progress. Made of best material, glazed or unglazed, 6 feet by 3 feet to^ inches, painted three times, glazed with zi-oz. English glass, i6j. each. Special price for a quantity. Carriage free. Packing free. Estimates for ally size and quantity gii'en. BOULTON & PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. 126 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1879. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR AOVERTISING. Head Line cJuzr^ed as two. 6 ti 7 8 y 10 11 12 13 ■ lo 16 Lines 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ../o 8 ..09 ..09 o 10 O XI .. O 13 .. o 13 .. o 13 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINK. If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30J. Page y^9 0 o Half Page 500 Cokimn .. .. .. ■• 3 5 o GARDENEES, AND OTHERS, WANTING SITUATIONS. 26 words 15. 6i/. , and td. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion, AdvertisetTUnU /or tft^ current week MUST reach tJu O^ce by Thursday ttooii. All Subscriptions Payable in Advance. The United Kingdom : 12 Months. i,\ 35. \od. ; 6 Months, iij. rid.; 3 Months, bs. Foreign ; if>s., including Postage for 12 Months. P.0.0. to be made payable at the King Street Post-office, W.C., to W. Richards. PUBLiSHtNG Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Accidents Occur Daily— Accidents of all Kinds Provided against by a Policy of the RAILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE COMPANY.— The Oldest and Largest Accidental Assurance Company. The Right Hon. Lord Kinnaird, Chairman. Subscribed Capital, ^1,000,000. Annual Income. ;£2[4.ooo. A fixed sum in case of Death by Accident, and a Weekly Allowance in the event of Injury, may be secured at moderate Premiums. IJonus allowed to Insureis of five years' Standing. ^^1,350.000 have been paid as compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the LocaI Agents, or 64. Cornhill. London. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. THE IMPROVEMENT OF LANDED ESTATES, By DRAINAGE, ENCLOSING. CLEARING, The ERECTION of FARM BUILDINGS .and COTTAGES, WATER SUPPLY. &c. The Land Loan and Enfranchisement Co. (Incorporated by Special Act of Parliament) ADVANCES MONEY: ,st. — To the OWNERS of SETTLED and OTHER ESTATES, for the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages, and for the Drainage. Irrigation, Enclosing, Clearing and General Improvement of Landed Property in any part of the United Kingdom. 2d. — To the OWNERS of SETTLED ESTATES in ENGLAND, for the Erection or Completion of Mansions, Stables, and Outbuildings, and for the Construction or Erection of Reservoirs, and other Works of a permanent nature, to supply Water for the use of the Estate, or for any other purpose. 3d.— To LANDOWNERS generally, to enable them to subscribe for Shares in Companies for the Construction of Rail- ways and Navigable Canals, which will beneficially affect their Estates. 4th.— To INCUMBENTS, for the Improvement, of their Glebe Lands, by Drainage, and the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages. 5th.— To COPYHOLDERS, for the Enfranchisement of Copyhold Lands. The amount borrowed, with the expenses, would be charged on the Estate benefited, and repaid by a rent-charge, termi- nating in twenty-five years. No Investigation of the Landowner's Title is necessary. Forms of application, and all further particulars may be obtained of Messrs. RAWLENCE and SQUAREY, 22, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W. , and Salisbury; of Messrs. ASHURST. MORRIS, CRISP aMj CO.. 6, Old Jewry, London, E.C. ; of Messrs. GILLESPIE and PATERSON, W,S., 81A, George Street, Edinburgh, Agents for the Company in Scotland ; and at the Offices of the Company, as below. T. PAIN, Managing Director. EDWIN GARROD, Secretary. Land Loan and Enfranchisement Company. 22, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W. Do POULTRY PAY?— I get 1580 eggs from 22 hens from October to April (my winter jjionths). So may you, courteous reader. For Why's and Wherefore's see my Pamphlet. Coming Events says: — "This pamphlet gives some extraordinary results of a careful management of poultry. Keepers of prDuItry may find very useful hints." Send \s. in stamps to the Author, Mr. LOWER, g, Leamington Place, Cheltenham. REVUE de THORTICULTURE BELGE et ETRANGF.RE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural Review). — Among the principal Contributors are :— A. Allard, E. Andre, C. Baltet. T. Buchetet. F. Burvenich. F. Cre'pin. Comte de Gomer, De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de Denterghcm. P. E. de Puydt, C. de Vis, J. Gillon. A. M. C. Jongkindt Coninck, C. Koch. J. Kicks. L. Linden, T. Moore, C. Naudin, B. Oliver, H. Ortgies, E. Pynaert, E. Rodigas, A. Siraux, O. Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hutle, J. Van Volxem, H. J. Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein. This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month, in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous Engravings. Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom :— One year, loj, , payable in advance. Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxclles, Ghent, Belgium. Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT, ftt the Chief Post-office, Ghent. Works on Botany, "by Dr. Llndley. SCHOOL BOTANY; or, The Rudiments OF Botanical Science. In One Volume, 8vo, half bound, with 400 Illustrations, price 5^. td. DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY; or, The Art OF Describing Plants Correctly, in Scientific Language, for Self Instruction and the Use of Schools. Price \s. MEDICALandOECONOMICALBOTANY; or, An Account of the Principal Plants Employed in Medicine or Domestic CEconomy. In One Volume, 8vo, with numerous Woodcuts, price 5^. THE ELEMENTS of BOTANY, Struc- tural and Physiological. With a Glossary of Technical Terms and numerous Illustrations, ^s. cloth. This completes the series of Elementary Botanical Works by Professor Lindlev, oi^X^xch School Botany and The Vegetable Kingdom form the other parts. The First two Parts of The Elements of Botany, comprising Structural and Physiological Botany, and a Glossary of Techni- cal Terms, are published in one 8vo volume, price gr. These three Parts form a complete Manual of Botany for Medical and other Students who have made themselves acquainted with the Author's School Botany. N.B. The Glossary maybe had separately, price 5^. London: BRADBURY, AGNEW, and CO., Bouvcrie Street, E.C. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS. By the late Sir Joseph Paxton, M.P. Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle, with numerous Alterations and Additions. Price 3i^. ; post-free, i%.d. Post-ofifice Orders are to be made payable to Wm. Richards, at the King Street Office, Covent Garden. London, W.C. Published at the Oflice of the Gardeners' Chronicle, 41, Wellington Street, W.C. THE CULTIVATO R.— A Portuguese Monthly Agricultural Journal, which circulates in Portugal and her possessions, and in the Principal Towns of the Brazils, This paper olTers an excellent medium for Advertisements of every description of industry and of every article of Consump- tion in the countries and places ab^ve mentioned. Advertising charges, 8//. per square inch, Translation included. Ten per cent. Discount for six months ; 20 per cent. Discount for twelve months, if paid in advance. Address, the Editor of the Cultivator^ St. Michael's, Azores. THE SYDNEY MAIL and NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER. CONTENTS .•— INTERCOLONIAL and GENERAL NEWS. SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY. RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF. CRICKET and AQUATICS. THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Dr.wn and Engraved specially for this Journal.) NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.) AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE. GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally. STOCK and SHARE REPORTS. ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRALIAN AUTHORS. THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY. INDOOR AMUSEMENTS. THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE. COMMERCIAL NEWS. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects. Subscription in Advance, £1 per Annum. Single Copies, ^d. ; Stamped, ^d. Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales. ENGLAND. The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS, which must be paid in advavce, for the SYDNEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :— London Mr. George Street, 30, Cornhill, E.C. Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, E.C. Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street, Fleet Street, E.C. Birmingham .. Mr. R. S. Kirk, 90, New Street. Liverpool .... Lee & Nightingale, 15, North John Street. Bristol James & Henry Grace, Royal Insurance Buildings. Edinburgh .... Robertson & Scott, 13, Hanover Street. Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange Place. Copies of each y,turna! are filed at the above Offices for the use of Advertisers, Belgian. BULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE, de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI- CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865 by F. Burvenich, F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. Vah Hulle, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Government at Ghent. Post paid, lof. per annum. H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium. Farms, Estates, Residences. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and six halfpenny stamps for posta^^e. .addressed *' Midland Counties Herald Office, Birmingham.'' The Midland Counties Herald always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. 1^ ADVERTISERS are requested to vote that althottgh toe do not object to receive Letters to be called for, ive cannot undertake tofonvardthc/n. ANTED, ~2i PARTNERSHIP, in a Nursery and Seed Business, — F. B., 31, Lavender Road, Battersea, S.W. WANTED, a first-rate HEAD-GAR- DENER and BAILIFF, by a Gentleman living near London. One who thoroughly understands Orchids, Azaleas, and Vines ; also the Management of Sheep, Cows, Haymak- ing, &c. No one without first-class testimonials need apply. Scotch preferred. —W. F., Alexander's, News Agent, 24, Old Cavendish-street, London, W. WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR- DENER, in Kent, where one other is kept. — Must thoroughly understand all Greenhouse Work, Vines, Melons, Forcmg, &c., as well as Kitchen and Pleasure Gardening. Wages 2ss. per week. — Apply, by letter, to H. E., 131, Tufnell Park Road, N. WANTED, as HEAD WORKING GARDENER, at a Gentleman's Place, 20 miles front London, an energetic married Man. thoroughly understanding high-class Gardenmg in all its branches. The glass is extensive, and the surplus fruit sold. An undoubted character will be required. An excellent house, coals, &c., provided— State wages and every particular to P. Z , Gardeners' Chrcnlcle Office, W.C. WANTED, for Canada, a HEAD WORKING GARDENER, married, but not with a large family ; one who has had experience in the North and accustomed to a severe climite preferred. Thoroughly acquainted in all branches of Gardens, including Pleasure Grounds and Small Paddock, about 7 acres. House, coals and vegetables provided. Must be thoroughly sober and indus- trious, and whose testimonials will bear the strictest investiga- tion.— Full particulars on application, stating references, age, &c , D. S. THOMSON, The Nurseries, Wimbledon. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a GARDENER. Kitchen, Flowers, and Vineries, 40 Acress of Grass. No Haymaking or Stock. Near town. Wife to attend large Poultry Yard. rwo under-men. Wages 23T., cottage and fuel. — Apply, addressed W. A. Z., Rhind & Tate, Little Sussex Place, W. ANTED, a GARDENER, to take the sole charge of a small Kitchen and Flower Garden, with Conservatory and Greenhouse, and who understands Vines, Melons, and Cucumbers. As the Garden-work is light, he would be expected to do a httle for the house every morning, to look after a few fowls, and make himself generally useful. Another man is kept for the stables. A thoroughly good character will be required. Wages £,\ a week and cottage (without garden). — Write, stating age, number in family, and giving particular information as to the above, to Rev. J. C. COX, Felsted Vicarage, Essex. ANTED, an experienced FOREMAN, who understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers and Hard and Soft-wooded Plants. He must also understand Flower and Kitchen Gardening. — Apply, stating age and all particulars, to Mr. CAWKELL, Agents to J. 0. Riddell, Esq., Hermeston Grange, Worksop. ESSRS. JAMES VEITCH and SONS require immediately, for one of the best private Gardens in America (U.S.A.), a Single MAN, who has had good experi- ence amongst Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants &c. He will be under the Head Gardener. An intelligent, energetic man will find this a good opportunity. Testimonials as to sobriety and trustworthiness essential. Passage paid out. Liberal and increasing wages to a good man. — Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W. ANTED, Young MEN with a little experience, willing to pay a Premium (abstainers pre- ferred), in a large Garden, where forcing in all branches is carried out extensively. — Apply by letter to C. G., Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Royal E.\otic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W. WANTED, a thoroughly experienced MAN, to Solicit Orders and take Charge of a Business ia Horticultural and other Buildings of Iron and Glass. Must be a good Draughtsman and acquainted with Iron Construction.— Apply, by letter only, to A. B., Mr. J. Negus, Stationer, 14, Charles Street, St, James' Square, S.W. WANTED, an active, steady Young MAN, as Assistant in, or to take Management of Seed Shop.— State wages required, age, &c , to J. WOODS, Nurseryman and Seedsman, Woodbridge, Suffolk. Seed Trade. WANTED, an ASSISTANT SHOPMAN. — Must be sober, steady, and obliging, with a know- ledge of the Nursery Business.— W. BARRON and SON, Seedsmen, Nottingham, WANTED, a respectable young Man, as ASSISTANT SHOPMAN, in a Nursery and Seed Business. A preference given to one who has a fair knowledge of Plants, Shrubs, Trees, &c., and their value.— Apply, by letter only, stating salary required, to JOHN ERASER, The Nurseries, Lea Bridge Road, Leyton. January 25, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 127 WANTED IMMEDIATELY, a respectable young Man as ASSISTANT SHOPMAN. — E. P. DIXON. Hull. Seed Trade. WANTED, an ASSISTANT who knows something of the Trade, the general routine of Office Work, and Book-keeping.— Apply, giving full particulars with salary expected, to A., Slessrs. Hurst & Son, 6, Leadenhall Street, London, E.G. Seed Trade. WANTED, a JUNIOR ASSISTANT for a Retail Shop. — Apply with references to JOHN JEFFERIES AND CO., 0.xford. WANT PLACES. JOHN COWAN, The Vineyard and ^ Nurseries. Garston. near Liverpool, wishes to recommend a first-rate Scotch GARDENER, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may require such. ~G. HENDERSON AND SON have many excellent GARDENERS with approved testimonials for ability now waiting in their Nurseries for re-engagement. E. G. H. & Son will be pleased to answer any enquiries from Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring such— Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale, London, W. E. To Noblemen and Gentlemen, and Directors of PUBLIC GARDENS. CURATOR of some Public Garden, or the MANAGEMENT of a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Estate, where there is scope for energy and ability, in Great Britain or the Colonies. Has a thorough knowledge of every branch of Horticulture, the Management of Land, Buildings and Machinery. Highest testimonials furnished.— HENRY BAILEY, Shardeloes Gardens, Amersham, Bucks. ARDENER (Head).— Age 27, single ; understaiids Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character from last situation.— G. A., Elmley Castle, near Pershore. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept.— Age s;. married, one child : thoroughly understands all the branches. Two years' good character. — W. M., Buxted Lodge, Uckfield, Sussex. /^ARDENER (He.^d), to any Lady or Gende- V_^ man requiring the services of a thorough practical man, who can be well recommended.— T. SURMAN, The Gardens, Picton Castle, Haverfordwest. South Wales. /^ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentle- VJ man requiring the services of a thoroughly practical man, who is well up in all branches of Gardening.— .iVge 40, married ; good character from pressnt employer, seven years' previous.— H. S., The Gardens, Kilnwick Percy, Pocklington, ARDENER (Head).— Middle-aged, married, no family ; practical knowledge in all branches. Four and a-half years' good character, fourteen years' previous. — C. C, 39, Mare Street, Hackney, opposite Victoria Park Road, E. (^ARDENER (Head).— Mr. W. J. Cross, V^ late Head Gardener to the Rt. Hon. Louisa Lady Ash- burton, can with confidence recommend a Man to any Lady or Gentleman requirmg the services of a good practical Gardener especially in the cultivation of Orchids and all kinds of choice Fruits and Vegetables.-Mr. W. J. CROSS, Ford Nursery .Salisbury. ' C^ARDENER (HEAD).-Age 34, married; ■ • % f^-. ."S'"«'^" yj^rs' practical experience in the Cul- tivation of all kinds of Plants, Fruits, and Vegetables in first- class establibhm:nts Seven years' good character from present employer. Leavingthrough the estate being sold. Total abstainer. Wite could take management of Dairy if required.— A. B. 58. Cross Cheaping, Coventry. *' To Noblemen and Gentlemen. /^ARDENER (Head).— Age 36; thoroughly ^ capable of the management of all departments of a large establishment-the Forcing of Vines, Pines, Peaches, Flower and Vegetable Culture, of Stove and Greenhouse Plants Kitchen and Fruit Gardens, Pleasure Grounds and General Decorations, also Land and Stock if required. Six years in last situation. Highest references.— A. L. H. 3 Andover Terrace, Hornsey Road, Holloway, London, N. (^ARDENER (He.a,d).-A Nobleman is V-^ desirous of obtaining a situation for a first-class Gardener who IS well versed in every branch of Horticulture, and well- known to the Horticultural Public. Could also undertake the Management of Park, Woods, &c-, having a thorough know- ledge of the same. Twelve years in last situation. Death £?"4' °' '^""g- Lndeniable testimonials can be produced.— 1. R. C, Gardeners Chronicle Office, W.C. GTo Noblemen and Gentlemen. ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age ■x?,, married ; has thorough practical knowledge of Gardening in all branches.-HEAD GARDENER, Newi?k Park. Lewes bussex. ' ' r^-ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 27, V^ married, no family : understands the Cultivation of fruit. Flowers and Vegetables. Eleven years' good character from last situation. -T. HALLETT, Bryiore Lodgl Cannington, near Bridgwater. . r^ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 32, V>^ married ; well up in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Melons, Peaches, Pines, Early and Late Forcing, Flower and RvH. ? F^'f w- w*^'""' '"'^ particulars, -E. M., Westmont, Kyae, Isle of Wight. rj.ARDENER (Head, Working), where Jenlr^l't" or more are kept.-Married, two children. Good fb«a?„l^ r ^'"'J 'h'P'-of^/'Onin all its branches. Total DrN«;™n^C;u'rt,te:nrSaisrr;?"' "'"^ '"" ""''-'-■ (^ARDENER (Head, Working).— Married, V^ no family : eighteen years' experience in good Gardens. Excellent testimonials and good character.— GARDENER, The Priory, Sudbury, Harrow. r:j.ARDENER (Head, Working), where two V^ or three are kept.— Age 25. single ; understands Vines, Pines, Peaches, Melons, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Four years' good character from present situation.— 'T. S., Camerton Court Gardens, Bath. (^ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 34 ; V>^ married : thoroughly understands the Forcing of Vines, Peaches, Pines, Melons, Cucumbers, the Cultivation of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, practical Flower and Kitchen Gardener. Has had nineteen years' experience ; first-class character. — H. H., 33, Hargrave Road, Upper Holloway, N. C^ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 41, V^ married ; thoroughly understands the Management of Stove, Greenhouses, Vineries, Melons, Cucumbers, and Fruit, Flower, and Kitchen Gardening. Ten months' good character, thirteen years' previous. Abstainer. State wages, &c. — A. B., Post-office, Watford, Herts. (^ARDENER (Head, Working), age 40, V.^^ married, no family. — The Advertiser is open to an engagement with a Gentleman requiring the services of a Man thoroughly practical in all branches of Gardening— Orchids, Stove Plants, Grapes, Peaches, and Early and Late Forcing. Fourteen years' Head Gardener. Good references.— E. H., t, Alexandra Terrace, Penge Lane, Penge, S.E. ARDENER (Head, or good Single- handed).— Age 26, single ; understands all branches of the profession. Highly recommended.— H. G., Mr. Beck, Crazies Hill, Henley-on-Thames. GARDENER.— Age 32, single; fourteen years' experience in one of the largest Private Gardens m Surrey.— G. W., 9, Borrodaile Road, Wandsworth, Surrey. r|ARDENER — Wife as COOK. G^ V^ reference given.— J. GAY, 16, Dallas Road, Welles Road, Sydenham, Kent. C^ARDENER (Second), or Under Foreman, V'^ in good establishment. Good references. — W P 2 Laburnum Place. Belles Street, Edgbaston, Birmingham. ' ' ('^ARDENER (Under) or to look after V-^ Cows and fill time up in the Carden.— Age 22 Please state Wages.— T. GREGG. Royal Grammar School, Whalley. /^ARDENER (Under), in a Nobleman's V^ or Gentleman's Garden. — Age 19 ; two years' good cha- racter.—H. PERKINS, The Gardens, Downton Castle, Ludlow. (^ARDENER (Under), in the Houses.— V_^ Age 23 ; seven years' experience. Four years' good reference. Bothy preferred.— S. SMITH, Oxford Road, Great Marlow, Bucks. "POREMAN, in a Gentleman's establishment. -L —Age 25 ; good experience with Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Bothy preferred.— H. A. WESTWOOD, Beulah Hill, Upper Norwood, S.E. "POREMAN, in a good Kitchen Garden.— J- Age 25 : if required could take charge of Orchard-houses. Bothy preferred. Good references— C. WARDEN The Gardens, Tnng Park, Tring, Herts. "POREMAN.- Age 27; great experience -A- m each department of Fruit and Plant Growing. Ex- ,}i^V^„'^'^''^ ^"*- tsstmionials as to character and ability.- JAMES CORBETT, Fair Lawn, Lytham, Lancashire. Tj^OREMAN, under Glass.— Age 24, single; -L well up in Stove, Greenhouse, and other Plants. Good character— B J., 56, Prince of Wales Road, Kentish Town, London, N.W. "POREMAN in a Gentleman's Garden.— Age -L 26. Four years and eight months good character from present employer.— T. CLARKE. The Gardens, Onslow Hill bhrewsbury. "POREMAN in the Houses. — Age 23; two J- years' good character from present Employer, Near London preferred.-G. MILDON, The Gardens, Froyle Park Alton, Hants. ' "XTURSERY FOREMAN (Outdoor).— Age t r^^\ ^""v"} E'«'der and Grafter, and the general routine of an Outdoor Nursery. Ten years' e.xperience.— WILLIAM CULL, 9, Fuller Street, Hendon, N.W. ATURSERY FOREMAN, SALESMAN, &c. B n- ~^- Berkshire, for several years with Messrs. Wm, Kolhsson & Sons, Tooting, seeks an engagement as above. Good character.— 26. Hetherington Road, Clapham Park, S.W. r:j_ENERAL FOREMAN (Second), in I , Nursery.— Age 24 ; good experience. Satisfactory references can be given,— JAMES ROBERTSON, Newton Nurseries, Chester. TO SEED MERCHANTS, &c. — The -1_ Advertiser wishes to Grow Peas, Beans, Turnip Seeds iic, on Contract, for the coming season. Has had some years' experience in the Business.- W. H.. Gardeners' Chronide JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment. u . i~A^j ,"■• '""rT 5"="^' character.— D. HOLDEN, Park natch. Godalming, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age ig • W can sing Tenor in Choir. One year and ten months in Notts" "'"^"°"--T- ROSE, Clumber Gardens, Worksop, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a Noble- ^J mans or Gentlaman's establishment.— Age 21 ; six vears' experience. Good character,-F. W., 21, Winslade Road, Upper Clapton, London, E. PROPAGATOR (Outdoor), — First-rate R?)Rf'^rt m't?? H*!??" '■ 1.''° ?°°S ^="='''"'' State wages.- KOBERT MULHALL, 9, EtterBy Street, Stanwix, Carlisle. PLANT GROWER in a Nursery; under- stands the Cultivation of Orchids, Ferns, Stove and Green- house Plants.— W. A., Kenton Grange, The Hyde, Middlesex. JMPROVER, in a good Establishment— Age -L 20: z% years' good character from present situation. — GARDENER, J. P. Judd, Esq., Kickling, Bishops Stortford. IMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden,— Can be highly recommended.— T. JACKSON , Upper Froyle, Alton, Hants, SSISTANT, or IMPROVER, in Whole- sale or Retail Seed Establishment.— Fair knowledge of Nursery Business. Not afraid of work. Best references.— E, H. A., Messrs. Ewing & Co., Eaton. Norwich. rpo HEAD GARDENERS.— Wanted to -L placea Youth (age rs) under a good Gardener. Will pay a Premium —HEAD GARDENER, Taversham Hall, Norwich. lyO NURSERYMEN.— The Advertiser, well -L up in the Valuation of Nursery Stock, seeks an engage- ment in a Nursery. Could undertake periodical journeys, and make himself generally useful in the Nurseiy. Testimonials from some of the most eminent nurserymen in the country — AD LIBITUM, Gardeners Chronicle Ofiice, W.C. To Nurserymen and Seedsmen. fJIRAVELLER, MANAGER, or SHOPMAN. -*- —Age 28 : thoroughly experienced in both branches of the tr.ade. First-class references.— A. B. C, 301, Green Lane, Small Heath, Birmingham. Seed Trade. SHOPMAN (Second).— Age 22 ; eight years' experience. First-class references.— J. S. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Oacs.Vf.C. SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 20; over six years' experience in all branches. Good references, — J. A., Bookstall, Midland Station, Nottingham. fJlO SEEDSMEN, &c.— As^SSISTANT. -L Twenty years' experience in the Trade, wholesale and retail. Moderate wages,— A. W,, 7, Fendick Road, Peckham, S.E. QEED TRADE. — Situation wanted by kJ young Man, 2t years of age ; seven years' experience First-claiis references. —JOHN GALBRAITH, 16, Grafton Square, Glasgow. JJAILIFF.- A Gentleman is desirous of -•— ' finding a fresh situation for his Bailiff, who h,!is been on the estate fourteen years, and is leaving for no sort of fault He is married (four children), age 44,— J. GOULTON, Constable Walcot, Brigg. OWMAN, on a Gentleman's Estate. — Married, without family. Wife can take care of Dairy or Poultry if required. -W. SCOTT, Baldwin's Hill, East Grin- stead, Sussex. J^INAHAN'S LL WHISKY. JT'INAHAN'S LL WHISKY. -*-*- Pure, Mild and Mellow, Delicious and Most Wholesome, Universally recommended by the K Profession, The Cream of Old Irish Whiskies. INAHAN'S LL WHISKY. Dr, Hassall says—" Soft and Mellow, Pure, K well Matured, and of very excellent quality." INAHAN'S LL WHISKY, o.; Gold Medal, Pans Exhibition, 187S; Dublin Exhibition, 1865, the Gold Medal.— 20, Great Titchfield Street, London, W. E P P 8 ' S GRATEFUL {yames Epps &" Co., Homccopathic Chemists.) COMFORTING COCOA. J^ LAZENBY and SON'S PICKLES, ^^xA^S^^' ^""^ CONDIMENTS.-E. LAZENBY AND SON, sole proprietors of the celebrated recipes, and manufacturers of the pickles, sauces, and condiments so long and favourably distinguished by the name, beg to remind the puljlic that every article prepared by them is guaranteed as In.!'^^ n","'"'i'"i'^"='''7"9^' Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square (late 6 Edward Street, Portman Square), and 18. Trinity Street, London, S.E. h /, u io, JJARVEY'S SAUCE.-CAUTION.-The „„;^./h ■"■^'■'i °^ this celebrated sauce are particularly r A7PMcv° °'"e^\% ."'*' ^^x^l^ ''°"l'^ prepared by E. sWH "^T- "T.C'?^ ^r^. "■= '='''='' "^=^ so many Jears signed Eltzabetk Lazenby. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. The Medical Profession for over Forty Years have approved of this pure solution as the Best Remedy for ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH, HEARTBURN HEADACHE, GOUT, AND INDIGESTION, ' and as the safest Aperient for Delicate Constitutions, Ladies, Children, and Infants. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. JJOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS. , . 7'^' the beginning of the year countless causes are at workto lower the tone of the nervous system, which will be followed by ill-health unless proper means be employed to avert tnat evil, Holloway s far-famed preparations supply a faultless remedy for both external and internal complaints, connected with changes of seasons. All affections of the skin, roughness, blotches, pimples, superficial and deeper-seated imflammations, erysipelas, rheumatic pains and gouty pangs, alike succumb to '1 ^''.^''■^'' virtues of Holloway 's Ointment and Pills. The maladies most prevalent in winter— to wit, chest complaints and stomachic ailments— daily bear witness to the potential influence of this treatment, which saves suffering and spares disaster. 128 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. Qanuary 25, 1879. S UTT O N'S CHOICE NOVELTIES s 1879. A NEW AND DISTINCT TOMATO. NATURAL SIZE. SUTTON'S ROYAL DWARF CLUSTER. A novel and distinct variety, raised by an eminent gardener by crossing Red Currant and Excelsior. It produces enormous bunches of fruit in clusters, cer- tainly three times larger than Red Currant, while it is more hardy and robust than that variety. Exceedingly ornamental. Price Is. 6d, per Packet. SUTTON'S GIANT WHITE RUNNER BEAN. A great iittprovement on the old-fashioned White Dutch, and much more prolific than the Scarlet Runner. The pods often attain to 12 inches in length ; very hardy, standing several degrees of frost ; peculiarly fleshy and tender, equal to the best Kidney Bean, exceedingly prolific, and a valuable acquisition. Prom Mr. R. DRAPER, Or. to the Most Noble the MarciuU of Londonderry. " I found your New Giant Runner Bean more hardy than the old Scarlet Runner, and quite as prolific, while the pods are longer. It came into bearing earlier than the Scarlet." From Mr. THOMAS LOCKIE, Or. to the Right Hon. Lord Otho Fitzgerald. "The New Giant Runner is a splendid Uean, with fine long straight pods, of exceltent flavour." Price 53. per Quart. A NEW RUNNER BEAN. ,\Vn^ l>- .\ ^v THE BEST GREEN-FLESH MELON. SUTTON'S EARL OF BEACONSFIELD. This magnificent variety was sent out by us in limited quantities last season, and has given the greatest satisfaction. It is of somewhat oval shape, from 6 to 8 lb. in weight ; the flesh is pale in colour, singularly sweet and juicy, and possesses a delicate aroma. The rind is thin, but beautifully netted. We had the honour of forwarding a brace to the Right Honourable the Earl of Beaconsfield, K.G. From Mr. W. WILDSMITH, Gr. to the Right Hon. Vigcount Eversley. " I have this season grown Earl of Beaconsfield Melon, which for free bearing, flavour, and appearance 1 consider unequalled.". Price 2s. 6d. per Packet. SUTION'S GIANT WHITE. SUTTON'S GIANT WHITE RUNNER BEAN. A great improvement on the old-fashioned White Dutch, and much more prolific than the Scarlet Runner. The pods often attain to 12 inches in length ; very hardy, standing several degrees of frost ; peculiarly fleshy and tender, equal to the best Kidney Bean, and exceedingly prolific. From Mr. FRED, BROWN, Or. to H.R.H. the Duo d'Aumale, Orleans House, Twickenham. *'The best I ever taw. When boiled you cannot tell them from Dwarf Ucans." From Mr. J. RUST, Gr. to tha Most Nohle the Marquis of Abergavenny. '* 1 he New Gi.-int Runner Be-»n possesses a slr-ng constitution is very productive, with fine fleshy Beans of excellent flavour." Price 5s. ptr Quart. For Particulars of other CHOICE NOVELTIES in VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, and POTATOS see SUTTON'S AMATEUES' GUIDE FOR 1879, Which is now ready. Price \s. at all the Bookstalls, Post-free from Reading for Fifteen Stamps, or Gratis to Customers. SUTTON & SONS (The Queen's Seedsmen), READING, BERKS. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" AdvertisemenU and Business Letters to " The Publisher." at the Office, 4t. Wellington Street, Covent Garden, Lon^an-.^C- Fruited by William Richards, at the Oflice of Messrs. Bradbury. Agnbw, & Co.. Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by UM »id William Richards, at the Office, 41, WeUinetoa Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Caveat Garden, in the said County.— Saturday. January 25. 1879. Agent for Manchester— John Hbywooo. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Miniies & Co., bdmburgh and GUsgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE dEstiiblisbctj 1841. A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOUKNAL OF HORTICULTURE AM) ALLIED SUBJECTS. No. 266.— Vol. XI. f New I Series. } SATURDAY, FEBRUARY i, 1879. Registered at the General Post Office as a Newspaper. Price 5d. Post Free, s^d. CONTENTS. Arboretum, how to form Bees as fertilising agents Bird scarer (with cut) . . BookSr notices of Butler's Court California, the winter in Celery, which is the best ? CeyloD, the produce of ., Cork Oak at Fulham Palace, the old (with cut) Cow tree, the Culford Vine sport, the .. Cypress, Pryal's golden Datura arborea (with cut) Epidendrum ciharc Florists' flowers . . Flower show rules, &c. . . Frost, effects of the Garden operations Grape^i, influence of light on the ripening of Lettuce disease . . Magnolia grandiflora fer- ruginea . . Manuie, home-prepared Mistleto ou the Moun- tain Ash .. .. 146 Obituary .. .. .. 151 144 14S 147 146 140 150 141 145 150 142 144 146 149 140 Oak. destruction of an ancient .. .. .. 146 Udontoglossum Rossii . . Onion, Giant Zittau Orchids, Dr. Paterson's Orchid, the smallest Ouvirandra Hildebrandt- iana Paper flowers Peach blossoms and ants Pear, Vicar of Wingfield Peas, Culverwell's Tele- graph and Carter's Tele- phone Plcotees. yellow ground Piptospatha iusignis (with cut) Plants, new garden Potato haulm, burning . , Potato. Schoolmaster, his- tory of the 148 146 149 149 146 149 150 J so 133 149 148 Primulas . . . . . . 150 145 >45 147 149 Pyrus Maulei Roman Hyacinth, the . . Rose Society, the Sarsen stones at Reading Summary of meteorolo- gical elements in 187S Weather, the Wiring garden walls 143 149 Now Ready, in cloth, 16s., THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE I VOLUME for JULY to DECEMBER, 1878. W. RICHARDS, 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. R Y S T A L P A L A C E .— FLOWER SHOWS, 1879. SATURDAY, May 24 ; GREAT FLOWER SHOW of the Season. SATURDAY, June 28, GREAT ANNUAL ROSE SHOW by the National Rose Society. Schedules will shortly be ready, and will be forwarded ta applicants and previous exhibitors. LEXANDRA PALACE.— The GREAT ROSE SHOW will be held on SATURDAY. July 5. Schedules of Prizes will shortly be ready, and may be obtained on application to The MANAGER, Alexandra Palace, Muswell Hill. Seed Catalogues. JAMES VEITCH and SONS, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S. W. , have posted a Copy of their Seed Catalogue to all their Customers. Any one not having received the same will have another copy sent, post- free, on application. Beautiful LUy. L ILIUM NEILGHERRENSE gives flowers nearly a foot long, deliciously fragrant. Fine bulbs that will flower, los. Sd. each, free by post. Being an annual imjjorter of many thousands of Lilies direct from their native habitats, Mr. William Bull can supply the best sorts in large or small quantities. Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road, Chelsea. London, S.W. D To the Trade. A H L I A S , 20,000 (pot roots). - CATALOGUES and price on application to Messrs. KELWAY and SON. Langport, Somerset. R DaliUa Pot Roots. AWLINGS BROS., Romford, beg to offer a great variety, all over t-yr. old, 6s. per dozen. To the Trade. KENTIA WENDLANDTIANA. — Fresh imported Seed. BLACKITH AND CO., Cox's Quay, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. XpAST LOTHIAN STOCK, in the three j -1—^ distinct colours, extra superior strain, seed saved by the I original raiser of this celebrated stock, per packet u. to 2f. 6a?. each. Trade supplied ; price per ounce on application. ORMISTON AND RENWICK. Melrose, N.B. LANTS — SPECIAL. HARDY NORTH AMERICAN ORCHIDS. DISA GBANDIFLORA, &c. See CATALOGUE, post-free on application. The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester. WKoses, Fruit Trees, and General Nursery Stock. B. ROWE solicits the inspection by ... * Nurserymen of his extensive stock of the above, which arc well-grown, and fit for removal, Barboume Nurseries. Worcester. "DOSES, fine Dwarfs, on Manetti — all the Al) leading varieties, 251, per 100.— WILLIAM IRELAND, Pilton and Blakewell Nurseries, Barnsuplc. Oentlemen's Gardeners, Amateurs, and Others G REQUIRING ARDEN POTS of best quality, are requested to send their orders to J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare. Price List on application. E Five /BARTER'S, the PREMIER SEED Gold \J HOUSE at the PARIS EXHIBITION. Medals, Illustrated Catalogues gratis and post-free. Awarded Paris, Five GOLD MEDALS, including the only Gold 1873. Medal for Grass Seeds. Caution.— No other English Seed House was awarded five Medals at the Paris Exhibition. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London, W.C. AUL AND SON'S Standard FRUIT TREES, most important for all Orchard Planters to see, as years are gained by planting good tree?. The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, N. Seeds Direct from the Grower, FREEMAN'S ONE GUINEA COLLEC- TION of VEGETABLES contains only the best varieties and the most liberal quantities ever offered. Packing and carriage free. CHAS. FREEMAN and FREEMAN, Economic Seeds- men. Norwich. ORTH AMERICAN PLANTS.— Orchids, Lilies, Ferns, &c. Price LIST sent on application. EDWARD GILLETT, Southwick, Mass., U.S.A., Collector of Native Plants, &c. O THE TRADE. MUSSEL STOCKS, 451. per icod. CRAB STOCKS, 3SS. per 1000. Samples of the above may be had on application to JOHN STANDISH and CO, Royal Nurseries. Ascot. NGLISH OAKS.— Tall straight Standards, ID feet hi^h, 70s. per 100. ;^8 S^. per 1000, for cash. I. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries. Merriott, Somerset. OREST TREES, Seedling and Trans- planted. — The very extensive stock of the above is this season in splendid conduion. CATALOGUES on application. The Lawson Seed and Nursery Company (Limited) Edinburgh. PRUCE FIRS.— A quantity of strong stuff for sale, 2 feet high, at ys. per 1000. J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. PRUCE FIRS for Christmas Trees, well formed, 2 to 3 feet high, 30J. per 100. RICHARD SMITH anu CO., Nurserymen, Worcester. PANISH CHESTNUT, ASH, BIRCH, ALDER and HAZEL — stout, well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold. Mr. GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery. M idhurst. EWS, fine English, 3 to 5 feet ; FIRS, Spruce, 3 to 7 feet ; well-rooted and finely furnished Plants. GRAPE VINES, strong, short-jointed, well ripened CANES ; also a splendid lot of CABBAGE PLANTS. Prices (low) on application to H. E. and W. LACK, The Nurseries, Wellingborough. O THE TRADE.— VEGETABLE, FLOWER and AGRICULTURAL SEEDS, of sterling quality only. Our own, and other carefully selected Novelties of the season.— SANDER and CO. , Seed Growers, St. Albans. EBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERTS AND OTHER NUTS. Persons desirous of obtaining Trees of the above, grown by the late R. Webb, of Calcot, should give early orders to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. CATALOGUES post-free on application. EBB'S CHOICE POLYANTHUS AND OTHER SPRING PLANTS. Early orders are solicited for the above choice plants. Apply to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. -EW CUCUMBER.— Stanstead Rival is a genuine novelty, and will take its place as the best Cucumber grown. Sealed packets 2^. td. each. The Trade supplied. (OHN LAING AND CO.. Seedsmen, Forest Hill, S.E. s c U CUMBERS.— Pearson's Long Gun, If. (id. per packet ; Rollisson'sTelegranh, i^. per packet. CATALOGUES of all Seeds on application. J. R. PEARSON, The Nurseries. Chilwell, Notts. "r)READNOUGHT CUCUMBER. — The -L' finest Black-spine, and the best paying market variety extant : warranted true. Seed, five for ir., fourteen for 2f. dd, POPE AND SONS, I20, 121, 122, Market Hall, 3, Great Western Arcade, Birmingham. pUCUMBER PLANTS for Sale: Telegraph \^ (true). — The Public may depend on being supplied with Cucumber Plants till June next, by applying to G. WALKLING, College Park Nursery, Lewisham, S.E. T\/'ANTED, 10,000 LARCH, 2 to 4 feet. ' ' Apply, with price, to JOHN STANDISH. Royal Nurseries. Ascot, Berk.?. TX/'ANTED, 20,000 LARCH : must be 3 feet * ' high. State lowest price to J. GEO. HILL (late John Scott), The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. Caution.— Sutton's Novelties. MESSRS. SUTTON find it necessary to state that their Novelties can only be had direct from them. Every packet bears their Registered Trade Mark. De- scriptive particulars on application. The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading, Berks. Healthy Plants In Pots of L ILIUM AURATUM, the Golden-Rayed Japanese Lily, per dozen, 18^., 24^, and 30J. BARR AND SUGDEN, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. HE DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of FRUIT TREES is now ready, and will be forwarded, free by post, on receipt of three penny stamps. CATALOGUES of ROSES and ORCHARD-HOUSE TREES post-free on application. THOMAS RIVERS and SON, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. R U I T I N G PLANTS of PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS, and GRAPE VINES, a large and fine stock, now offered for Sale. THOMAS RIVERS and SON, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Roses, &c THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, respectfully request the attention of intending planters to their most extensive and superior stock of the above. CATALOGUES on application. Planting Season. JAMES DICKSON and SONS beg to draw attention to their very superior and very extensive Stock of hardily-grown and well-rooted TREES and PLANTS of every description. Priced CATALOGUES post-free. "Newton" Nurseries, Chester. OLD MEDAL BEGONIAS.— Seed saved from our unrivalled collection of named varieties, in sealed packets, is. tti. and 2s. 6ii. post-free. Special offers to the Trade. JOHN LAING AND CO., Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E. STOCK, East Lothian Intermediate (true). — ■ In packets, white, purple, scarlet, and white wall-lea^ed, at If., 25. td. and $s. each colour ; New Crimson (Cowe's), splendid colour, u., -zs. 6d. and 55. per packet. The trade supplied. THOMAS METHVEN and SONS, 15, Princes Street, Edinburgh. To the Trade. NUTTING AND SONS having now posted their Annual Wholesale Garden, Agricultural and Flower Seed CATALOGUE to all their friends, if not to hand, on application another shall be immediately forwarded. NUTTING AND SONS, Seed Merchants, 60, Barbican, London, EC. Fit for Immediate Working. ROSA MANETTI and R. MULTIFLORA UE LA GRIFFERAIE, 25^. per 1000. ;i;io per 10,000. A. M. C.JONGKINDTCONIMCK, Tottenham Nurseries. Dedemsvaart, near ZwoUe, Netherlands. Vines —Vine s —Vines. J COWAN, The Vineyard, Garston, near • Liverpool, is now offering a large and splendid stock ot strong, short-jointed, and thoroughly ripened GRAPEVINES, suitable for fruiting in pots and planting Vineries. Catalogues free. The Trade supplied. AMPTON COURT BLACK HAM- BURGH VINE.— Strong fruiting well ripened Canes of this well known Grape, 5f. , ts. 6d., and los. td. each : Planting Canes, 3J. 6d, each. Also a good stock of most of the best kinds. T. JACKSON and son, Nurseries. Kingston, Surrey. CARLET RUNNERS (English).— The above are acknowledged to be far superior to Foreign seed, both as to earliness and productiveness. Price 28^. per bushel. Sample superior. W. H. CUTTS, Seed Grower, Kelvedon. To the Trade. WOOD'S EARLY FRAME RADISH — PLAIN CRESS. Fine samples. Lowest price on application to WOOD and INGRAM, Seed Merchants, Huntingdon. To the Trade, &o, ASPARAGUS, GIANT. — Splendid Roots for Planting and Forcing in immense quantity. EWING AND CO., Norwich. EAKALE for FORCING.— E.xcellent large roots, rcj. 6'/. per 100, and i^. packing ; remittance to accompany all orders. Post-office Orders payable High Street, addressed ALFRED ATWOOD, Market Gardener, 8, Palk Road, Battersea, S.W. HE CHAMPION POTATO. — Fine samples, for Seed, of this and other leading kinds. Prices on application to The LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited), i, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh UTTON'S MAGNUM BONUM POTATO, warranted true, sound, and a good sample, per bushel (56 lb.), 9^., per sack (168 lb). 25J. cash, sack included. O. HOPKINS, Blenheim Road, Reading. I30 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February i, 1879. SALES BY AUCTION. Lilies, Gladioli, Spirsas, Lily of tlie Valley, FRENCH ROSES, &c. MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street. Covent Garden, W.C.. on WEDNESDAY. Ftbruarv 5, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, a quantity of CHOICE LILIES and other BULBS, including good fiiiwering bulbs of Lihum neil- gherrense. The white fl.)wers of this magnificent Lily are deliciously fragrant and of great substance , it bears several flowers on a stem, each flower nearly a foot long. Also good flowering Bulbs of Lilium neilgherrense tubiflorum. This variety has the tube much narrower up to the mouth, where it rellexes suddenly, so as to display more of inner surface; figured in Wight's Iconcs Plantarum Indup Orieutalis. The rare Lilium colunibianum, L. Brownii, L. parvum. L. Krameri, the beauti- ful L. speciosum Krxizeri, the new L. Batemanna;. and some Bulbs of that large and remarkable Aroid, Godwinia gigas ; and some good Bulbs of the rare and handsome Crinum australe and C. americanum. &c. ; 6000 fine Bulbs of Lilium auratum, 1000 fine roots of double Italian TUBEROSES, a quantity of fine roots of GALANTHUS IMPERATI, 500 LILIUM KRA- MERI. 440 Dwarf ROSES from France, SPIR/EAS, LILY of the VALLEY, GLADIOLI, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Very Extensive Importation of Orchids from New GRENADA, including 500 CATTLEYA MENDELII. MR. J. C. STEVENS has been instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on FRI- DAY, February 7, at Iialf-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a splendid consignment of CATTLEYA MENDELII. collected by Mr. C. Falkenberg. some of them of enormous size ; also a very large lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM PHAL/ENOPSIS. O. TRIUMPHANS, ADA AURANTIACA, ODONTOGLOS- SUM ROEZLI. together with a consignment of O. ROSSI MAJUS and other cool ORCHIDS. On view mornine of Sale, and Catalogues had. Alocasia Lowil. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on FRIDAY, February 7. a consign- ment of Roots from Borneo, in good plump condition. This well-known AROID is one of the most handsome and decorative of exhibition plants. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. New Holland Dwarf Pitcher Plant. CEPHALOTUS FOLLICULARIS. One of the most interesting and pretty of the so-called Car- nivorous Plants, MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C., on FRIDAY, February 7, a consign- ment of ROOTS, in splendid growing condition, just arrived from King George's Sound. This beautiful little PITCHER PLANT succeeds well grown in an ordinary greenhnise. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Hardy Plants and Bulbs. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on SATURDAY, February 8. at half- phst 12 o'clock precisely, FRUIT TREES, ROSES, Hardy and Ornamental TREES and SHRUBS. HERBACEOUS PLANTS. GLADIOLI. LILIUMS, SPIR.^AS. ANE- MONES. RANUNCULI, LILY of the VALLEY. S:c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Cranston's Nurseries, King's Acre, Hereford. GREAT SALE of NURSERY STOCK. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS wi'l SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above, on TUESDAY, February 4, and two followmg days, at 12 o'clock punctually each day. by o-der of Messrs. Cranston & Co., several Acres of first-class NURSERY STOCK, all in the finest condition for removal, including 16.000 standard, pyramid, and dwarf-trained Fruit Trees, 5003 Maiden Pears, 6000 Gooseberries and Currants, several thousands of standard and dwarf H.P. Roses, several thous^ands of Marc'chal Niel, 10,000 dwarf Tea-scented Roses, magnificent specimen Conifeise and Evergreens, from 6 to 10 feet, well furnished and thoroughly transplanted : lo.ooo bushy Laurels, 3 to 4 feet ; 5cod English Yews, 5 to 4 feet ; 2000 Ponticum Rhododendrons, 50.000 Manetti Rose Stocks, fit for working ; 60,000 transplanted Larch, ij^ to 3 feet ; 20,000 Spruce Firs, ij^ to 2 feet ; 50,000 strong trans- planted Hawthorn Quick, &c., together with a selection of Greenhouse Plants. The Stock may be viewed. Catalogues had at the Nurseries, at the Seed Warehouse, Broad Street, Hereford, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracehurch Street, London, E.C. Wickliani, Newbury. IMPORTANT SALE of VALUABLE PLANTS, &c., by order of the Executors of the late Rev. W. Nicholson. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION on the Premises, The Rectory, Wickham. Newbury, Berks, three miles from Kinlbury Station, on FRIDAY, Feb. 7, at IT lor 12 o'clock precisely, the whole of the choice GREEN- HOUSE PLAN IS, comprising 100 specimen Camellias, beautifully furnished plants, in tubs and pots, varying in height from 4 to 12 feet, the whole being set with bloom- buds and in the most perfect health, several fine specimens of the best double white variety being amongst the number ; also some magnificent Orange Trees in tubs, 40 large Callas, a quantity of large Greenhouse Climbers, and numerous other plants, also some elegant Terra-Cotta VASES, handsomely designed FOUNTAIN in Tcrra-Cotta, three life-sized FIGURES in Iron of Animals, IRON GATES. Glazed SASHES, 10,000 Maw's TILbS. and nnmercus other effects. May be viewed the day prior to the sale. Catalogues may be had of Mr. JaRRATT, on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. Lilies from Japan, &c., for Unreserved Sale. CONSIGNMENTS of 5000 Lihum auratum, 1000 L. Krameri, 500 L. tigrinum jucundum, 3:0 L. Thuiibergianum stami- nosum, L. speciosum. album and rubrum, L. elegaiis Bate- mannse ; there will also be included a fine assoitment of choice ENGLISH GROWN LILIES, hardy ORCHIDS, BULBOUS and BORDER Pr.ANTS, together with a collection of established ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above at the Mart, Tokenhouse Yard, E.C, on MONDAY, February 10. at half-past 11 o'Clock precisely. Full particulars next week. Taunton, Somerset. CLEARANCE SALE— Land Sold for Building purposes. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are instructed by Mr. W. Hockcn to SELL by AUCTION, without reserve, on the Premises, The Nurseries, Taunton, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY, February 13 and 14. at 12 o'Clock precisely each day. the whole of the NURSERY STOCK, consisting of specimen CoQiferje and Evergreens from 4 to 12 feet ; 1500 Gold, Silver, and Fancy Hollies, 5000 dwarf-trained and pyramid t'ruit-trees, half an acre of Stools, thousands of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, 30.000 Larch, a choice assortment of Stove and Greenhouse plants, together with the erections of eight Greenhouses and Pits, Hot-water Piping, Boilers, Frames, Utensils in Trade, and numerous effects. On view. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers. 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C, and Leytonstone, E. Tooting, S.W. In Liquidation —Re Wm. RolHsson & Sons. PRELIMINARY NOTICE of an Important UNRESERVED SALE of the SECOND PORTU_)N of this EXTENSIVE STOCK, comprising the remaming Established Orchids, amongst which will be found a fine lot of beautiful healthy specimens, many of them of the newest and most handsome species known ; also several magnificent Tree Ferns, with fine heads, thousands of rare Palms and Ferns, choice Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Cape Heaths, together with an assortment of Evergreen Coniferse, Standard-trained Fruit Trees, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by the Trustee to SELL the above on MONDAY, February 24, and four following days. Further particulars will apoear next week. N.B.— The FREEHOLD ESTATE of 5 Acres, with the whole of the Glass and other Erections, to be SOLD or LET. Particulars and terms may be had of the Auctioneers, q8, Gracechurch Street, E.C. Baker Street Nurseries, Enfield, N. IMPORTANT CLEARANCE SALE of a large quantity of thriving NURSERY STOCK, comprising Araucarias, Wellingtonias. Yews, Cupressus, Thujas, Thujopsis, Junipers, Variegated Holly, Aucubas, Laurels, Standard Roses, 1500 Limes, quantity of Standard Fruit Trees, &c. MR. GEORGE COWLES will SELL the above by AUCTION (entirely without reserve), on the premises of the Old Nursery, Baker Sireet, Enfield, on WED- NESDAY. February 5, at 11 for 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of J. B. Butterfield. Now on view. Catalogues on the Premises, and of the Auctioneer, Edmonton. In re William Skirving, Deceased. To NURSERYMEN, GENTLEMEN, LOCAL BOARDS, PLANTERS of PUBLIC PARKS, CEMETERIES, and PRIVATE GARDENS, &c. MESSRS. BRANCH and LEETE will SELL by AUCTION, on ^IONDAY, February 17, and several following days, at 12 o'Clock each day. at the extensive Nurseries in Walton, near Liverpool, the whole of the important and well-grown NURSERY STOCK, consisting of Forest and Ornamental Trees, Fruit Trees, Evergreen and Deciduous Shrubs, Quicks, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, Herbaceous Plants, &c. A few of the leading items are Elms, Birch, Scarlet and Common Horse Chestnut, Limes, Mountain Ash, Poplars, Willows, Laburnums ranging up to 15 feet high, strong oval-leaved Privet, fine trained Plums, Cherries. Apples, Pears, &G. Of Hollies the stock is very extensive, the variety great and of all sizes up to 15 feet ; Rhododendrons, Irish and Golden Yews, Cupressus. &c. The stock can be inspected any day prior to the Sale. Noble- men, Gentlemen, and others laying out fresh grounds or re-arranging those at present existing will find this an oppor- tunity very rarely to be met with ; and the high standing enjoyed by the late William Skirving, Esq., is a sufficient guarantee for the great excellence of the stock. Catalogues will be ready in due course. Any information required can be obtained from J. W. DAVIDSON. Esq., Accountant, 10, Cook Street ; or at the Offices of Messrs. BRANCH AND LEETE, Hanover Street, Liverpool. F Camberwell (4575).— Through Death of Owner. ~OR SALE, a SMALL NURSERY, near Two Stations, 3^ miles from the City. Half an acre of ground, with Cottage and three houses. Thirty-two years' Lease, at a peppercorn rental. Price low. Apply to PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. S.W. District (4567)- Ij^or sale, two dwelling houses, J- with Greenhouses, Pits, Show-house, and Seed Shop, capable of great improvement. Estimated annual rental, j£io8. Ground rent, ;C39- Price for 21 years' Lease, ^800. Parti- culars of PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, as above Surrey (4560), 3 miles from London Bridge. TT'OR SALE, a small FLORIST'S X^ BUSINESS. Rental nominal. Price for Stock, si.-; modern Greenhouses. 21 j'ears" Le.ise, 8:c., only ;i^4CO. Good cause for disposal. Details and orders to view of PKOTHEROE and MORRIS, as above. To Nurserymen and Others, rno BE SOLD or LET, a NURSERY of JL 16 acres, containing some of the best Land in the county for Growing Rhododendrons and Conifera;. Close to a Railway Station, and only 30 miles from London. Apply to J. MILLER, Auctioneer, 37 and 38 Market Place, Reading. To Seedsmen and Florists. TO LET, a newly opened BUSINESS, a first-rate chance for a praciical man. Price for fixtures, alterations, and an arrangement for seven years' lease (low rental). ^100, and Stock at Invoice Prices. Possession at once. Apply to G. FREELAND, Tonbridge. Weston-super-Mare.— Somerset, TO BE LET, with Immediate Possession, the undermentioned e.\tensive and valuable VINERIES, FORCING-HOUSLS, and GARDEN. Mr. Norton has received instructions from the executors of the late Mr. George James TO LET all those valuable VINERIES and HOTHOUSES with large GARDEN adjoin- ing, known as the " Weston Nurseries," and which have been for many years in the occupation of the late Mr. James, who has carried on there a lucrative business as Nurseryman. The Stock therein to be taken at a valuation. For rent and further parti- culars apply to Mr. NORTON, Auctioneer and Estate Agent, West Street, and I, South Terrace ; or, to Messrs. W. H. and H. F. DAVIES, Solicitors, Weston-super-Mare. c, H To Nurserymen and Florists. THE CROWN ESTATE PAVING COMMISSIONERS hereby give notice of their readi- ncss to receive TENDERS from Persons willing to enter into a CONTRACT for KEEPING in ORDER PARK SQUARE and PARK CRESCENT GARDENS the Gardens attached to the various terraces in the Regent's Park, and the Gardens attached to Carlton House Terrace, for a period of Three Years from March i next. Specifications, with Forms of Tender, can be obtained upon application, between the h jurs of 11 and i, at the Lodge in Park Square West, Regent's Park. Sealed Te' ders, addressed to the "Crown Estate Paving Commissioners," and marked " Tender for Gardens," are to be delivered at No. i. Whitehall Place, S.W., at or before i o'Clock on Wednesday, February 12. 1879 FRAS. ADAMS. Clerk to the Commissioners. I, Whitehall Place, January 27, 1879. Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full particulars of the above, and can be obtained gratis at 98, Gracechurch Sireet, E.C. Transit Agency for Plants, Seeds, &c. J. BLACKITH AND CO. (established 1822), Cox's and Hammond's Quays, Lower Thames Street, London, S.E. — Forwarders to all parts of the world. CATALOGUES. — His Excellency Pierre V-^ Wolkenstein will feel greatly obliged if Nurserymen and Seedsmen will kindly send him their Catalogues. They should be forwarded (by post) to S. E. PIERRE WOLKENSTEIN, Secretaire de la Sociili Imperiale d'HorticuIture de RussJe, St. Petersburg, OOPER'S ROUND WHITE POTATO. Price 35.?. per bushel, ics dd, per peck. HOOPER AND CO.. Covent Garden. London, W.C. OOPER'S ROUND WHITE will please alike Gardener and Farmer. HOOPER'S ROUND WHITE is handsome, prolific, and of UNHQt/ALLED quality for TABLE. No coarseness, no earthines-s, no disease. New Catalogues. ANOTHER DELUGE of MERETRI- CIOUS SEED CATALOGUES reminds us of Carlyle's *' Hatter of the Strand," who "instead of making better hats, as he was appointed by the universe to do, turned his whole industry to t-EKSUADE us that he had done such." — Past and Present, Book III. For new LISTS of Choice Vegetable and Flower Seeds, &c., also of Trees and Shrubs, Conifers, &&, send to W. P. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Seed Merchants acd Nurserymen, Dundee. N.B. Excellence and Economy combined is our motto. pEDRUS DEODARA SEED. — Just V_^ arrived from India in splendid condition. Sample and price on application to HENRY CLARKE and SONS, Seed Nerchants, 39, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. pELOSIA PYRAMIDALIS PLUMOSA V^ AURE A and RUBRA, saved from an extra choice strain. Per packet, 2s. 6d. and 5^. each. EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK, in four colours, warranted true. Per packet is., ■2s. dd. and 5r. each. Trade Price on application. IRELAND and THOMSON. 20, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh. XHIBITION VEGETABLES and FLOWERS.-All who desire to win Prizes should send at once for CARTER'S STERLING NOVELTIES. It is a short Catalogue, profusely illustrated, and contains the best New Vegetables and Flowers of the year. Gratis and post-free on application to The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London, W.C. Genuine Seeds. JOHN LAING AND CO.'S Annual f' CATALOGUE of Kitchen Garden, Flower and Farm Seeds and Implements, will be sent free to all applicants. Orders above ^os. carriage paid. Stanstead Park. Forest Hill, London. S.E. ASTERS, STOCKS, BALSAMS, &c. — Get your supply of the above direct by post from the best growers in Germany, and save from zo to 30 per cent, on prices usually charged. For particulars and Priced LIST (gratis and post-free), DURANT AND SONS. North Tawion, Devonshire. To the Trade. SEED POTATOS.— Our SPECIAL LIST, containing all the best English and American varieties, grown by us the past season, may now be had, post-free, on application. H. AND F. SHARPE, Seed Growers, Wisbech. To tlie Trade. NEW POTATO. " PRIDE of ONTARIO." Hand F. SHARPE are now sending out • the above most prolific and handsome shaped new Potato. Full description and price may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. EVERGREEN OAKS.— A large quantity for sale, 4 feet, 5 feet, 6 feet, 7 feet, and 8 feet, .it ex- ceptionally low prices ; also Standards, 6 feet stems, good heads. Prices on application to J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott. Somerset. Three Really Good Things. CUCUMBER.— New Improved Telegraph, 12 seeds, u. per packet. GOURD.— Peturiun or Mammoth, \s. per packet. CELERY. — Dixon's XL, red, xs. per packet. I packet of each for 30 stamps, post-'ree. JOHN E. DIXON. Seedsman. Gainsborough. To tlie Trade. SEED POTATOS. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to • make special offers of all the leading varieties of SEED POTATOS they have grown this season. The prices will be found very advantageous to purchasers. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. February i, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 131 Early Peas for Marketing. THE BEST EARLY PEA IS SUTTON'S IMPROVED EARLY CHAMPION.— Extensively used by the priDcipal Pea Growers. Ten days earlier than Daniel O'Rourke ; very prohfic, good quality. Also : — Sutton's Racehorse Prizetaker Champion of England Veitch's Perfection Invicta First and Best Fortyfold Advancer. Price per bushel and quarter on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. Reading w Choice Herbaceous Calceolarias. 15'. 6if., 2^ , and 35. per dozen, post-free. M. POTTEN'S CATALOGUE of good Seeds at moderate prices. Post-free to all applicants. Camden Nursery Sissinghurst. Staplehurst, Kent. LPAILLET, NURSERYMAN, Chatenay les • Sceaux, near Paris, has to offer the following : — Roses, Fruit Trees, maiden or trained ; Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Tree and sinensis Peonies ; Magnolia Lenne. oxoniensis and others ; Camellias, Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Clematises, Conifers. Bamboos, Yuccas, tuberous Begonias, Viola Belle de Chatenay and others ; Trees for Avenues, such as Acers, Platanus, Horse Chestnut. FRUIT TREE STOCKS, FOREST TREES, and others of every description grown in large quantities : Manetti, De la Grifferaie and Brier Rose Stocks. Send for Trade List and Catalogues to L. P., as above : or to his Agents in London, Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 15, Harp Lane, Great Tower Street, E.G. TOTT'S MONARCH RHUBARB.— '* Shirley Hibberd says that any one who wants a Rhubarb that makes leaves as big as a dining-tabte, or stems as thick as a Cedar tree, that ri'ies as high as a tall human dwarf, should order STOTT'S MONARCH at once. After being at sea for three years as to the whereabouts of this wonderful Rhubarb, he has at last discovered that it is to be obtained of Stuart, Mein & Allan, Kelso." — Canadian Weekly Globe. See also Gardeners' C/:r(7«i(.Vt' of January 11. Price IS. 6d. each. STUART. MEIN and ALLAN, Nurserymen and Seeds- men, Kelso. To the Trade. SPECIAL PRICES ON APPLICATION EORGE COOPER, Seed Merchant, Hertford, begs to offer the following, of the choicest stocks : — ONION, \Vhite Spanish „ White Globe ., Bedfordshire Champion CELERY, Cooper's Improved White BROM PTON STOCK, Giant Scarlet CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, from large flowers. G BEET. Red.Cooper'sExcelsior BROCCOLI. Hill's June CUCUMBER, ImprovedTele- graph [Matchless PARSLEY, Curled, Cooper's SWEDE, Cooper's Improved Large Purple-top TURNIP, ImprovedAberdeen Green-top Yellow Australian Plants and Seeds. EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS, PALMS, CYCADS, FERNS, and all kinds of PLANTS and SEEDS indigenous to Australia, Fiji, &c , supplied on the most reasonable terms. Priced CATALOGUES and Special Quotations on application. SHEPHERD AND CO., Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Darling Nursery, Sydney, New South W-iIes. (Established 1827.) Agents: Messrs. C. J. BLACKITH and CO., Cox's Quay, Lower Thames Street. London. E.C. The Best Green-Fleshed Melon of the Year. DELL'S HYBRID.— The only green-fleshed Melon deemed worthy this year of the Royal Horti- cultural Society's First-Class Certificate. Smooth, deep yellow, netted skin, small stalk, pale green flesh. "Ail that we have tasted were delicious." — Gardeners* Chronicle. Price 2^. 61/. per packet of six seeds, post-free. ^ See STERLING NOVELTIES, a short Catalogue profusely illustrated with the best New Things of the Year, gratis and post-free, from CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holbom, London. To the Trade.— Vines— Vines— Vines. WG. CALDWELL and SONS have • stil! extra strong fruiting Black Hamburgh VINES to offer, excellent stuff, at 5s. 6d. each. Also AZALEA AMfENA CALDWELLII, well set with buds, iZs. and 24.J. per dozen. APPLES, Standard, 40J. per too. „ Pyramid, 60s. per 100, in all leading varieties. General CATALOGUE of Fruit Trees, Conifers, Roses, &c., post-free on applicatioa The Nurseries, Knutsford, Cheshire. Established Upwards of a Century. DICKSONS AND CO., Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists, i, Waterloo Place. Edin- burgh, beg to call the attention of those about to plant to their extensive Stock of FOREST TREES. SHRUBS for Game Coverts, FRUIT TREES, &c., which have been grown in exposed situations. D. & Co. are now sending out their Bedding VIOLAS and PANSIES (of which they hold the largest stock inthe country). Early and Late PHLOXES, &c. Descriptive CATALOGUES free on application. Notice.— Roses, Roses, &c. TO THE TRADE AND OTHERS. ROSES. — A quantity of good Standard and Half-Standard, clean and well-grown, with good stems and heads. Maiden CHERRIES in quantity, and many thousands of 2-yr. old ASPARAGUS. CATALOGUES on application. MOWER AND CO., Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Sible Hedingham. To THE TRADE RHODODENDRONS, Hybrids, with bloom-buds. YEWS, Common, 3 to 4 feet. ALDERS, 2 to 3 feet, and 3 to 5 feet, BIRCH, 2 to 3 feet, and 3 to 5 feet. BEECH. 3 to 4 feet. CHESTNUTS, Horse, 3 to 12 feet. LARCH, Firs, i]^ to 2 feet. HAZEL, 2 to 3 feet, and 3 to 4 feet. MANETIT STOCKS, very good and cheap. ARBOR-VIT^. Chinese for stock. DEUTZIA GRACILIS. SWEET BRIER. 2 feet. WILLIAM FLETCHER. The Nurseries. Ottershaw. Uiertsey. KING NOBLE. K I N G K I N G K I N G K I N G K I N G THE FINEST FIRST EARLY POTATO. " I obtained a splendid crop of KING NOBLE POTATOS, which are excellent for table. I think highly of it, and intend planting it next season."— W. Allan, Gardener to Lord Suffield, Clinton Park, Oet. II, 187S. THE MOST PROLIFIC FIRST EARLY POTATO. "KING NOBLE is a most abundant cropper, and the tubers are of good quality."— James Pink, Gardener to Lord Sondes, Lees Court, Oct. 9, 187S. THE HANDSOMEST FIRST EARLY POTATO. "Your Potato, KING NOBLE, which you sent me for trial, proved a very excellent sample, both in regard to its even, handsome, round shape, and cropping qualities." — Wm. Earley, Editor of " Villa Gardener^'' ^^Horticultural Record;' &'c., Oct. 7, 1878. KING NOBLE comes into use at the same time as the true Old Ash- leaf, is of fine flavour, and cooks remarkably well. The tubers are medium sized, smooth, handsome, and shallow-eyed, and are produced in great abundance. KING NOBLE is of dwarf, compact habit (i foot), and will be found most valuable for early frame work and market purposes. KING NOBLE. PJ?/CE : 4s. per Peck of 14 lb. 143. per Bushel of 56 lb. CAN BE OBTAINED ONLY OF N O B L E N O B L E N O B L E N O B L E N O B L E DANIELS BROS. Seedsmen to Her Majesty the Queen, and His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, NORWICH, Roses. Fruit Trees, &c. WILLIAM FLETCHER'S CATALOGUE for the present season is now ready, and may be had on application. The stock is very large and most healthy. The Ottershaw Nursery, Cherisey. TODEAS.- Healthy young plants of T. superba and T. hymenophylloides (pellucida), free and safe by post, zs. 6d. each for prepayment. Trade price (low) per 100, or lesser quantities, on application. ROBERT SIM, Sidcup Hill Nursery, Foot's Cray, Kent. REES ibi^ AVENUE PLANTING.— Elms, Poplars, Beech, Oaks, Evergreen Oaks, Horse Chestnut, Limes, S:c. , at very low rates for cash. J GEO. HILL (late Scott), The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. TAMES FARRAR and CO. beg to an- tJ nounce the publication of their Wholesale CATALOGUE of SEEDS for the present season, which will be forwarded post-free on application. Seed Warehouse, 86, Golden Lane, Barbican, London, E.C. p H R I S T M A S Q U I N C E Y, >— ' Potato Grower, S;c , Peterborough, will have pleasure in forwarding his WHOLESALE LIS'J", free, on receipt of Trade Card. It contains over Forty of the best English and American varieties, carefully selected, true to name, and the greater part Seed size — the whole of which he can confidently recommend. Prices low. — Peterborough, Jan. 8, 1879. Now Ready. EWING AND COMPANY'S LIST of New Roses for 1879 is a most select one of the best New English and French varieties. Gratis and post-free to applicants. EWING AND CO., Eaton, near Norwich. The Best Cauliflower. (BARTER'S MONT BLANC — ^—^ Snow-white head, very compact and firm. From Mr. S. Haines, Gr. to the Right Hon. Lord Radnor. — "Carter's Mont Blanc is a splendid white Cauliflower, keeping in condition a long time.'' Price i^. 6rf. and zs. 6d. per packet, post-free. See STERLING NOVELTIES, a short Catalogue profusely illustrated with the best New Things of the Year, gratis and post-free, from CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen. High Holbom, London. Seeds of Superior Quality. WM. C U T B U S H AND SON beg to announce that their Illustrated CATALOGUE of Select Vegetable, Flower Seeds, &c. , is now ready, and will be forwarded post-free on application. Highgate Nurseries, London, N., and Barnet. Herts. LACK NAPLES CURRANTS.— Extra strong Fruiting Trees, 12s. per roo, for cash with order. J. GEO. HILL (late Scott), The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. To the Trade. OSBORN AND SONS can still supply a qu.intity of Dwarf Maiden PEACHES, NECTARINES and APRICOTS, and a few Standards. Also the following FRUIT TREE STOCKS :-Common and Brussels Plum, Pear, Crab, Paradise, Quince, and a few Cherry and Brompton Plum. Prices on application. The Futham Nurseries, London, S.W. Vines— Vines— Vines. BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that • his stock of VINES is this year unusually fine, and comprises all the leading kinds, including " Alnwick Seedling." For descriptions and prices, see B. S. W.'s BULB CATA- LOGUE for this year. Victoria and Par.^dise Nurseries. Upper Holloway, London, N. To tlie Trade —Immense quantities of extra fine SEEDLINGS and TRANSPLANTED PLANTS— Quicks, Scotch Firs. Alders, Fruit Trees, Shrulis, &c. For Descriptive CAT.ALOGUE, apply to LEVAVASSEUR andSON, Nurserymen, Us^y, Calvados. Fr.ince : or to their Agents. Messrs. R. SILBEKRAD and SON. T5, Harp Lane, Great Tower Street. London. E.C. CREST TREES.— Alder, Beech, Birch, Chestnut. Elm, Spruce, Silver and Scotch Firs. Hazel, Hornbeam. Oaks, Thorns, and Yews, at very low prices for well-grown stuff. J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries. Merriott, Somerset. SeSiSOTL 1879 VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS of Superior Quahty. Carriage Free. Priced Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing select Lists of these, also Potatos for planting, Hybrid Gladioli, and other Garden Requisites, is now published, and will be sent post-free on application, DICKSON AND ROBINSON. Seed Merchants and Nurserymen, 12, Old Miilgate, Manchester. The Best Frame Cucumbers. (BARTER'S MODEL.— >^ " The model of what a Cucumber should be — handsome, productive, delicious." — Mr. G. Goodacre, Gr. to the Right Hon. the Earl of Harrington. Price 3:f. dd. and 2s. 6d. per packet, post-free. KELWAY'S PARAGON.— Figured in the Gardeners' Ma^a- zine, November 16, 1878, and described as "decidedly Ai." Price 3^. td per packet, post-free. See STERLING NOVELTIES, a short Catalogue profusely illustrated with the best New Things of the Year, gratis and post-free, from CARTERS, Queen's Seedsmen. High Holboni. London, W.C. AST LOTHIAN STOCK (True). SCARLET, very fine. 6d. and is. per packet. NEW CRIMSON, very fine, 6d. and \s. per packet. WHITE WALLFLOWER-LEAVED, very fine, 6J. NEW KIDNEY POTATO "EARLY BIRD. "-Re- markably early and fine quality. Indispensable for frame work. First-class Certificate at the International Potato Show, Royal Aquarium. Per peck, \os. td. ; per lb , \s. POTATO " SCHOOLMASTER." — The following few Testimonials from hundreds will show that it is uniformly good in all parts of the country : — " My opinion is that it is one of the very best Potatos we have." — A. F. Barron, Chisivkk. " Your Schoolmaster is the very finest in cultivation for the tnble. and resists disease better than any Potato I know." — W. Naikh, Wilton, "To my ta'-tc I know no Potato equal to Schoolmaster." — Miss F. Meveh, IVindcrmeye. '■ I had two tubers from a friend about two years ago, and from thnse two tubers I have this year dug 60 bushels." — J. Douglas, Lox/ord Hall, Per peck, 6s. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. QAMUEL AND JAMES SMITH (late O J. SMITH, Sen.), Tansley Nurseries, Matlock, Derby, beg to offer at prices, viz.:— At per 1000. ASH, Mountain, 2 to 3 feet, \-js ; 3 10 4 feet, 25^.; 4 to 5 feet, 30.?. : 6 to 8 feet, 80.J. ; S to 10 feet, ico.r. BEECH, 2 10 3 feet, 25^.; 3 to 4 feet, 30J. ; 4 to 5 feet, 40J. CHESTNUT, Spanish, i to ij^ foot. i8j.; iK to 2 feet, 30^. FIR, SPRUCE, 9 to 12 inches, loj ; i to \% foot, 14^.; 2-vr , \s PINUS MARITIMA. 9 to 12 inches, loy.; 2-yr., 3^. LIMES, 4 to 5 feet, 80s. POPLAR, Italian, 3 to 4 feet, 25s.: 2-yr., xos. ; Ontario, 2 to 3 feet, 20S. ; 4 to 6 feet, 50s., 2yr., loj. ; Silver, 3 to 4 feet. 40s. PRIVET, Evergreen, 2 yr., -js, Vtllow berrleJ, i to ij^a foot, 15^"- ; iH to 2 feet, 20J. SNO\VBERRY. i fo i\z fjot. 15J.; \\i to 2 feet, 23J.; 2-yr.. 7^. SYCAMORE, ij; to 2 feet. 15s.; 2 to 3 feet, 2of. WILLOW, Litter, 2 to 3 feet, los.; 2-)r., los. ; Huntingdon, 3 to 4 feet, 251.; 2-yr., xos. BROOM, i-yr., 35.; 2-yr., 4^.; Spanish, 2-yr., 6.J. GORSE, 2-yr., ^s, DOGWOOD, Red. 2 to 3 feet, Soj.; 3 t04 feet, 100^. LONICERA LEDEBOURII. i^^ to 3 feet. 50J. FLOWERING SHRUBS, in many varieties, 2ar. to i,os. LAUREL, Portugal, 9 to 15 inches, 40s.; 1 to ij^ foot, 80s ; ij^ to 2 feet, loos. IVIES, in sorts, 20s. COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA. 20s. EUONYMUS RADICANS VARIEGATA, i-yr, 251. JUNIPERS, 6 to 12 inches, 25s. PEKNETTYA MUCRONATA, 2-yr., 15s. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, 2-yr., 4.1.; 3-yr.. 6s.; 5-yr. transplanted. 20s. YEWS. 4 to 6 inches. 4 s ; 6 to 9 inches, 50s,; 9 to 15 inches, 70s. At per 100. ARBOR VnVE, 3 to 4 feet. 6j. ; 5 to 6 feet, los. BERBERIS DARWINII, ij^ to 2 feet, 8.?.: dulcis. 8r. BOX, Tree. \\2 to 2 feet, 12s. ; 2 to 3 feet, iq%.; elegantissima, 1 to ij^ foot, 15s. BROOM, While, 3 to 4 feet 15s.; common, 8s. CEDRUS DEODARA. i'^ to 2 feet. 801. : 2 to 3 feet, 120s. CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS, i to ij^ foot, 15s. ; iM to 2 feet, 30S : 2 to 3 feet, 50.T. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 2 to 3 feet. 20s. ; 3 to 4 feet. 25s, ; 4 to 5 feet, 50s. ME2EREON, i to i'< foor, 15s. LABURNUM, 10 to 12 feet. 30s. LAUREL. Caucasian, \\A to 2 feet, 20s. OAK. Fulham. 6 to S feet, 30s. ; Scarlet, 6 to S feet 50s. PINUS CEMBRA, 4 to 6 feet, 40s. POPLAR, Silver, 6 to 8 feet, i^s. SYCAMORE, 8 to ro feet. 20s.* RHODODENDRON, ferrugineum. 12s.: hirsutum, 10s. THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, 1 to x\i foot, 40s. ; ij^ t0 2 feet, YEW, Irish, 4 to 5 feet, loos. [50s. WHIN. Double. 9 to 15 inches, 12s. HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS in collection of ico distinct varieties, 25s. ; 200 varieties, 60s, ; &c. LIST free on application QUEEN of LILIES, LILIUM AURATUM. — Imported Bulbs are now arriving, and orders are solicited. This lovely Lily is quite hardy, and should be gene- rally grown. Before ordering send for Lily List, where all parti- culars are given. Reduced Prices : — Size No. 1, td- ; No. 2, qd. \ No. 3, is. ; No. 4. IS. dd. each. Special quotations to the Trade. ORCHIDS. — Special offer of the following fine Orchids, for j£5 5s. (or other varieties in exchange for those not required) : — i plant Phalaenopsis Schilleriana, 2 plants Dendro- bium formosum giganteum, i plant Phalaenopsis grandiflora aurea, 4 plants Dendrobium cretaceum, i plant Saccolabium guttatum, 1 plant Dendrobium barbatulum, 3 plants Calanthe rubra and luteo occulata, i plant Dendrobium Pierrardi, i pot Limatodes rosea. All orders to be accompanied by a remittance. Lily and Orchid LIST sent on application to WILLIAM GORDON, 10. Cullum Street, London, E.C., Lily Bulb and Plant Inioorter. Superbly Illuminated. GARDENING GUIDE. IS. post-free, gratis to purchasers of seeds. " 1 he most beautiful volume yet published." "THE BEST" CUCUMBER, Forcing Yard-long (Freeman's). " THE BEST ■• CABBAGE, Large Rapid Summer (Freeman's). "THE BEST"; CAULIFLOWER. Veltch's Autumn Giant. "THE BEST" BROCCOLI, February Protecting (Freeman's). " THE BEST '■ POTATOS, Schoolmaster and Snowflake. "THE BEST" ASPARAGUS ROOTS. Connover's Culossal. "THE BEST" VEGETABLE MARROW. Giant Long White (Freeman's). "THE BEST "ONION, Bedfordshire Champion (Freeman's). FREEMAN and FREEMAN (late C. R. Freeman), Economic Seedsmen, No wich. Special Offer of Popular and Cheap Orcnlds. MESSRS. JAMES VEITCH AND SONS are enabled to offer good healthy plants of the following sterling Orchids at the subjoined prices : — Each — s. d. ADA aurantiaca .. .. .. newly imported 5 o AERIDES Fieldingi established 15 o CATTLEYA citrina ,. 3 « ,, Mossije .. ,, 50 ,, Skinneri .. .. .. .. .. ,, 50 CHYSIS bractesccns „ 76 DENDROBIUM Bensoi.ise „ 50 ,, crassinode Barberianum .. .. „ 76 ,, Dalhousieanum . . . . . . . . ,, 10 6 ,, formosum .. .. .. .. .. ,, 76 ,, Kytchianum .. .. .. .. ,, 36 ,, nobiie . . . . .. .. . . ,, 5 o ,, thyisiflorum .. .. .. .. ,, 76 ,. ^^ iirdianum . . . . . . . . ,. 76 EPIDENDKUM niacrocliilum . . newly imported 3 6 L^LIA atbida (many now blooming) .. established 3 6 ,, anceps .. .. .. .. .. „ 36 ., Permii .. .. .. .. .. ,, 76 LYCASTE Skinneri ,, 50 MASDEVALLIA Davibii „ 76 ., Harryana .. .. .. .. .. ,, 10 6 ,, Veitchiana. . .. .. .. .. ,, 7^ ODONTOGLOSSUM cirrhobum .. .. ,, 36 ,, cordatom .. .. .. .. .. ,, 50 ,, grand e .. .. .. .. .. ., 50 ,, Hallii .. 10 6 ,, hasiilabium newly imported 5 o ,, Pescatorei . . .. .. .. ., 50 ,, pulchellum majus .. .. .. established 3 6 ,, Roezlii .. .. .. ., newly imported 5 o ., Rossii ,. .. .. .. .. established 3 6 ONCIDIUM concolor ,. 10 6 ,. Furbesii . . . . . . . . . . ,, 76 „ Krameri .. .. .. .. .. ,, 50 ,, varicosum .. .. .. .. .. established 5 o ,, Weltonii .. .. .. .. newly imported 3 6 SACCOLABIUM ampu.Iaccum .. .. es abli^hed 5 o Blumei mnjns . . . . . . . . ., 76 SCHGMBURCJKIA crispa .. .. newly imported 3 6 SOPHRONITESgrandiHurum .. .. estabh^hed 3 6 Larger Plants of the above at proportionate prices. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. COLLECTIONS Of these Superior SEEDS From 10s. 6d. to Five Guineas each. Carriage free. Illustrated Lists free. LEICESTER RED CELERY, \s. per packet. The best and hardiest in cultivation. Testimonial from Mr. G. Monk, Clen/etilen Park^ Reigate. Mmrch 11, 1878. •'Your Leicester Red has given great satisfactioi\, the heads being both crisp, solid, and fitie flavoured, the same as I received in your prmted packets the first year, and quite distmct from what I received from London, but that was not in your printed packet, only the name written on. I shall for the future grow no other." HARBISON & SONS, SEED GROWERS, LEICESTER. One Penny Each GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS. — The finest scarlet Gladiolus in cultivation, also FLORI- BUNDUS, nearly pure white, fine sound Flowering Bulbs, any quantity, from 1 to 10,000, at the above price. A few thousand Smaller Bulbs, mixed, at 55. per loo. Also HOLLYHOCKS. fine seedling plants, at -^d. each, is. 6d. per dozen, £t per 100. Double DAISIES, Red, While, and Hen-and-Chickens, 5^. per 100 : Double dark Crimson, 6s. per 100. CATALOGUE for 1879, containing 500 Illustrations, post-free for IS. BIDDLES AND CO., The " Penny Packet Seed Company," Loughborough. Economy In the Garden. TO LARGE CONSUMERS. TAMES CARTER and CO. h^mg bofid Jide ^J growers of the seeds they offer, are enabled to place Public Institutions, HoTEL-KEEi'ERS.&c.on the most liberal terms. State quantities and sorts required to CARTERS. The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London. M. KNIGHT, of the Floral Nurseries, Hailsham, Sussex, offers from his large Stocks of Standard and Dwarf ROSES. FRUIT TREES of al! sizes, Scarlet and other RHODODENDRONS well set with buds, CONIFERS, and EVERGREENS, and DECIDUOUS TREES for Avenues, by the dozen, 100 or 1000, at very low prices for well-grown stuff. Green and Variegated Ivies of Sorts, Large and small-leaved, in eight kinds. P>OBERT PARKER, having a surplus stock V of fine Plants in pots of the above-named, will be pleased to dispose of them in quantities, at very low prices. Names, sizes and prices, per dozen, 100 or 1000, will be given on application. Exotic Nursery, Tootmg, Surrey, S.W. H O I C E FLOWER SEEDS. c STOCK. East Lothian, very select strains. „ Crimson, superb. For opinions of eminent Horlic'ilturists, see Adveriisem-inl in C,arden<-rs' Chronicle of Jan. 18. ,, Purple. Scarlet, White, and White Wallflower-leaved, per packet, 6(/, i5..and2.j 6d. ASTER. Betteridge's superb Quilled Globe (Seed direct from Mr. Betteridge). ,, 24 varieties, separate, including latest novelties, is. 6d. ,, 12 ditto ditto, 15. 6d, ,. mixture of 24 splendid varieties: per packet yl., 6d., and \s. MARIGOLD, superb Gold-striped French, saved frum per- fectly double, beautifully striped fljwers, ex. ex ; per packet, td, and is. COCKSCOMB, Sinie's superb Jtram. ist prize at Carlisle Iniernalional Show, and \*herever exhibited. Was shown at Edinburgh with comb over 40 inches long. Per p;icket, is. and 7S. 6d. PANSY, Show, from a superb collection of named Exhibition varieties : per packet, 1^. and -25 td. ,, Fancy, from a first rate cclleciion of named flowers : per packet, \s. and is, td Above free by post. TODD AND CO , Seedsmen and Florists, Maitland Street, Edinburgh- Planting Season. MESSRS. JOHN STANDISH AND CO. beg to call the attention of those engaged in planting to their extensive and well-grown stock of EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS PLANTS. FOREST TREES. &c. All are without exception well rooted and in fine condition for removal. The following list comprises a few of those Trees, of which they grow immense quantities : — FOREST TREES. Acacia, 3 to 4 and 10 feet. Birch, 3 to 4 feet and 10 to 15 feet. Chestnut, 2 to 4 feet. Pinus Laricio, 1 to 2 feet. Pinus auitriaca, i to \% foot. Scotch Fir, I to il^ foot. Spiuce, I % to 2J4 feet. Weymouth, 3 to 4 feet. RHODODENDRON, fine named varieties. ,, seedling. 2 to 4 feet, fine. „ ponticum, 12 to 18 inches, very bushy. YEW. English. 2. 3 and 4 feet. „ Irish, 3, 4 and 5 feet. BOX. 2 to 2^ feet. AUCUBAS. green and variegated. BERBERIS. Darwinii. Aquifolium. LAUREL, common, 2 to ^% feet. »i M 3 to 4 feet. ,, caucasicum, 2 to 2U feet. ,, obovata, \},2 to 2 feet. ,, latifolia, I to ij^ foot. ,, Portugal, iK to 2^ feet. ,, ,, 3 to 4 feet. HOLLY, Green, i to iK foot ,, hybrid, ij^ to 2 feet. „ ,. 2 to 3 feet. ,, variegated, in variety. ROSES, H.P., in variety. Standards. „ „ Half-standards ,, „ Dwarfs. „ Tea, in pots, in ^eat variety. „ Gloire de Dijon, extra strong. „ Mai^chat Niel, extra strong. CLEMATIS, IVIES, and other CLIMBING PLANTS, and a vast variety of EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS. Also FRUIT TREES.— Pyramid Apples, Pears, Plums ; Trained Apples, Apricots. Cherries, Nectarines, Pears, Peaches and Plums. Samples and quotations on application. Royal Nurseries, Ascot. Berks. A New and Brilliant Primula. pARTER'S VESUVIUS.— Brilliant scarlet. V^--' " For which a world-wide popularity may be safety predicted." — Gardeners' Magazine. Price 2J. 6d. per packet, post-free. See STERLING NOVELTIES, a short Catalogue profusely illustrated with the best New Things of the Year, gratis ana post-free, from CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London. VERY EXTENSIVE IMPORTATION of ORCHIDS from NEW GRENADA INCLUDING 500 CATTLEYA MENDELII. MR. J. C. STEVENS has been instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on FRIDAY, February 7, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a splendid consignment of CATTLEYA MENDELII, collected by Mr. C. Falkenberg, some of them of enormous size. Also a very large lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM PHAL^NOPSIS, O. TRIUMPHANS, ADA AURANTIACA, and ODONTOGLOSSUM ROEZLI, together with a consignment of ODONTOGLOSSUM ROSSI MAJUS, and other COOL ORCHIDS. On view tnoniing of Sale, and Catalogues had. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. February i, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 133 GANNELL for FLOAVERS It is more and more important that every one should be made aware of the fact that H. C. s HOME FOR FLOWERS is the only Establishment exclusively devoted to Florists Flowers ; it is therefore of the highest advaiitage to all requiring the best strain of FLOWER SEEDS {certain to germi)iate) to procure them direct from those who groio them and have the nearest perfection varieties, and devote the greatest amount of interest, time, attention, and have the Choicest Stock, and, what is of more consequence, made all the most popular floivcrs their life's study, pride, and delight. TESTIMONIALS. From A. J. Rollo, Esq., Holly Bank, Simla, India. *' I have seen the plants from your seeds, and also your plants sent out to people ia this country, and they are excellent, I have every confidence you will send me good things," Mr. W. Wedd, Mniint Gambler^ South Amtralia, October 2. 1878. *' Dear Sir, — I have to thank you for sending my parcel of Seeds, which arrived in first-rate condition within three months of date of order; this, considering the distance, is extraordinary dispatch, and enabled me to get a sowing in good time. As a proof of their good quality ihey are already above ground." From Mr. Sam. Barker, Saltacre. " Dear Sir, — The Seeds I have had from you have turned out first-class. Every seed has germinated." From Mr. A. H. Duke, Sunny Bank, Powers Court Road, Bucklaytd, Hants. ** Dear Sir. — The Petunia Seed which 1 had from you lias turned out much beyond my expectations. They were the largest an4 most striking I had ever seen." " Penskurst. " Sir, — Your Calceolaria Seed has turned out so well that I must have more of your seed soon. " Yours truly, "Edward Eade." *' Green Bank, Pendleton. ** Dear Sir, — I am glad to say that your Primulas have been highly praised. "Yours truly, "James Lowe." *' Milton Villa^ Gibbon Road, Kingston'on-Thames. " Sir,— The Calceolarias, Primulas, &c , I had trom you last year were everything I could wish, •' I am, Sir, faithfully yours, " P. F. Sutton.'" From Mrs, Fannv Bu.MiiURV. Ltsbryan, Shinrone, Ireland, May 14, 1878. "Dear Sir, — lam this day sending; you seven distinct varieties of Pansies. the seed of which has been got from you. and I would be glad to have your opinion of the flowers. My husband has been getting flowers and seeds from you for some years, and we have always found much satisfaction in anything we got." From Mrs. Little, TIte Hale^ Slenfordy Lincolnshire. " Sir, — The Petunias are very fine indeed." From Miss G. B\rro>j, Newton House, IVaterford, Ireland. *' The Seeds were excellent, and the Petunias and Verbenas, both in flower, are particularly good. " From Mr. RoBT. Girling, Union House, Gressenhali, East DereJtatn^ f^h 2, 1878. _'* Dear Sir,— I am glad to say that the Petunia seed I had of you last year rewarded me by having the best bed of Petun as in the county of Norfolk, and much admired by all that saw them. Some of the flowers 4 inches across, most beautifully blotched and marked. They will recommend themselves." From Mr, E. CovHMSV, Gardener, Kenfield Hall, Pethim, Canterbury. " Sir,— The Seeds that I had from you in the early part of spring have turned out well. The Petunias are grand in colours." From E. Harvev, West Sliepton. Shepton Mallet, Somerset, April 15, 1878. " Sir, — Your Gold Bronze Geranium Seed has turned out some beautiful plants." From Mr. H. Dobbs, Mtddleton Cottage, Neivnham, Ca?nbridg^e, March 4, 1878. " I had a display of the best Petunias from seed I had of you last year I ever saw. They were much admired." From Mr. George Cook. Gardener, .Sandy Rectory, Bedfordshire^ June 7, 1878. "Dear Sir, — Last year you kindly sent me some Primula seed. It proved the best Primulas that I ever saw." FroTn Wm, Mortimore, The Gardens, Broom/ord Manor, Exborne, N. Devon, August 26. 1878. " Dear Sir.— It may be as pleasing for you to know as it is for me to write that we have some most magnificent Petunias from the packet of seed supplied by you. The Lobelia is also good, and the Ageratums have made two beautiful beds ; much admired by all the visitors to this place." From Mr. T- Bate, Bellbronghton, near Stourbridge. "The Primulas fram Seed I had of you have borne excellent blooms, and I am highly satisfied." From Mr. W. Rashieb, Gardener. Ash Rectory, nearSevc*toaks. Kent, August 26, 1878. " Dear Sir, — I write to say that I have had a splendid show of Balsams from the seed you sent me. I have never had anything to equal them before. 1 am truly delighted and astonished with them. I shall recommend you." Fr. m Mr. W. Cocks, Jun,, Frogmore Dairy, 5, West Hill, Wandsworth. " Sir. — I have bsen extremely pleased with the Petunia and Pansy seed you supplied me with, in fact the Petunias have been admired by every one. They have had hundreds of fine blooms, and of most beautiful colours," Front C. Noble, The Old House, Sevenoaks, April 10, 1878. '* Dear Sir. — Please to send me one packet of your Marigold Seed. The Lobelia Seed I had from you is good. Many thanks for your Catalo^ne, which is the best Illustrated Guide I have jcen." From Mr, John Gilbert, Aberuchill, Comrie, Pertluhire. •' The Double Petunia Seed I had from you this spring has given me great satisfaction." From Mr. G. H. Steele, New Brimmington, May 28, 1878. *• Dear Sir,— All the seeds that I have had from you come up remarkably welt, the Marigolds especially." From Mr. D. Flood, Copenlui^en Road, Neiv Brotnpton. '* I wish to add my testimony to others of the excellency of your French Marigolds. I obtained First Prize at the New Brompton Gardeners' Society s Annual Show, and a Iriend of mine obtained the First Prize in Class B from seed purchased of you. I also took first in Class A f jr Dianthus (Indian Pink) and Balsams also from your seed. The French Marigolds were specially commented upon." From E. Richards, 75, Severn Road, Canton. Cardiff, March 7, 1878. *' Sir,— Much pleased with single Petunia of last year." From Mr. F. Wood, Flarist, 35. Garden Street, Derby, March 10, 1878. "Sir,— I was away from home when the seeds came, but I can tell you 1 never had a better lot in my life." From Mr, C. Brown, South Field House, Louth. "Dear Sir,— I never had better seed before ; it has come up as thick as grass." Fromh. Hanlon, Belfast, Af arch S, iSyS. "Your most interesting Catalogue came to hand all safe. I am much pleased with the little plants I got from you last year, and have quite a lot of seedling Pelargoniums out of the packet of seed. When they flower I expect to see something good." From Mrs. Machant, Holbeck, near Mansfield, Notts. " Please send your Guide to me, as I am waiting to order my seeds from you as usuil tl c others having given such satisfaction last year, carrying off the head prizts wherever exhibited. From J. Woolright, Liverpool. July 20. 1878. " Many gardeners who have been through my small house tell me ' they have seen none halt as good as my Primulas,' the seeds of which came from you." From H. Horner, Gardener, Ilo^uergate, Whitby, August 27, 1878^ " I have some splendid Cockscombs from the seed we got from you this year. I am certain lI the first prize at our show on the 15th of next month." From Thomas Waterhouse, Old Cemetery Lane, Gainsborough, Sept. 4, 187S. " Dear Sir.— I may just add that the double Diadem Dianthus seed which got of V^" "^ turned out magnificent ; the flowers have been so large and rich, and have been admired by many." From E. W. Snowdon, 5. Chervaux Terrace, Jarrow-on-Tytte, March 4. "Dear Sik.— I am more than pleased with the Guide, and can say it is ^the best I have seen. The seeds to hand all right." From D. McGregor, Anandale Gardens, Simla, E. Indies. " Your seeds have turned out the best of any I have ever received from England. Froju Mr. H. Harris, The Gardens, Denne Park, Horsham. «* Sir,— I enclose P.O.O. for the beautiful little plants, which arrived in capital order. The flower seeds got from you in the spring have given great satisfaction, especially the Asters, Marigolds, and Zinnias." From Mr, Henry Hickman, S, Lamb Lane, Canterbury. "Sir,— The packet of Stock Seed you sent me turned out splendid, in fact I never saw better, and the admiration of every one." From Mr. John Camimo.v. Tharn/ord, ///WA/try,—" Calceolarias grand." F'om H. Reidall, Esq., Cromiveil Lodge. Church Street, Epsom. _ ^^ " The Calceolarias 1 had from you last year were splendid, and greatly admired. From Mr. William Spence, East Linton, Prestonkirk, N.B. "De\r Sir,— All the seeds and plants received from you last year gave the utmost satisfaction." From Mr, Wm. Robinson. The Gardens, South Parade House, Doucastcr, May 8, 1878. " Sir,— I have enclosed stamps for one of your packets of Primula sinensis fimbriata seed. I grew it last year, and was the best I ever saw, and was admired by every one, I had seed from other firms, and the poorest of yours surpassed the best of the others, and I have not failed to recommend you to my friends." From Mr. A. G\uld. Netherurd, Doiphinion, A^ril 2^, 1878. " Dear Sir,— Seed (the Polyanthus) I got from you hst season has turned out to be very fine, the largest and finest I have seen, and my master s-iys he never saw the like of them." From H. L'EsTRANGE EwEM. Offard Darcy Rectory. August 26, 1878. " Dear Sir,— I got a First Prize at St. Neots' Show, and also another for twelve Zinnias, from your seed. They are not only the best, but first by a long way, distancing several gwat gardeners here." From G. T. Donne, Esq , Enmore House, Woodside, S.E. " Dear Sir,— I have no doubt the seeds will prove as good as I have always found them." From Samuel Skelton, Clergy Daughters' School, Casterton, Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmoreland, September 16, 1S78. "Dear Sir,— I gained the First Prize for French Marigolds from your seed at Kirkby Lonsdale Flower Show." From Mr. J. P. Jacod, 273. Camber^vell Road, Surrey, May 16, 1878. " The Seeds you sent me last year turned out fine ; the Balsams remarkably fine Carnation- striped," From Mr. William J. Miller, West Mill, Lasswade, Edinburgh. " Sir.— Send me as per list at your earliest convenience. 1 got some seedling Begonns from you sometime ago, which have turned out splendidly, and was shown your .strain of Primulas, &c., I have noted above, and the best I have seen round this district." From Hy. Dixon, Arcade Chavtbcrs. Newport, Man. " The Pansies I had from you last ye:ir were greatly admired." From Mr. Gporge Olivi:r, Th-^ Girdeiis, Hanbiiry Hall, Droiiwlch.^ *■ Sik.— The Calceolarias I had from you last year turned out first-class." From Mr. J. H. Howard, 54, Bath Road, Exeter, May 28, 1878. " Dear Sir. -I was very much pleased with the seeds I had of you last year, especially the Petunias." From R. Curtis, T/te London Joint Stock Bank, 5, Princes Street, London, Jan. 14, 1878. "Dear Sir. — I am glad to tell you that the Peiuiiia seed I had of you last year turned out fine, and exceeded my expectations." From " Gardetiers' Magazine." —" We have just received from Mr. H. Cannell a boxful of Seedling Petunias and Fuchsias of the most sumptuous character. To describe them is simply impo^sibIe, and perhaps the best we can do is to recommend those who are interested in such things to run down to Swanley to see and judge fur themselv<.s. At all eve. ts, we place it on record that we have never seen a finer lot of Petunias and Fuchsias than we have now before us." Extract from the " Garden."— '' Beautiful Petunias.— Mr. Cannell, of Swanley, has sent us a whole flower garden of Petunias of the most beauiiful and varied colours. We fancied we had some knowledge of the way in which Petunias vari<-d. but had no conception that the variation was so great until we received this batch. Words, however, fail to convey any adequate idea of their variety and beauty." " Journalof Horticulture"—" Just on the eve of going to press we have received a box of blooms of Single Petunias from Mr. H. Cannell, Swanley. Kent, which for size, richness of colour, and purity of markmgs, surpass all that have previously come under our notice." Extract from the " Gardeners' Chronicle "—"We have just received from Mr. H. Cannell, of Swanley. Kent, samples of Petuni* flowers of a remarkably fine strain, selected from a bank of flowers occupying a house 100 feet long, which we hive since seen. The flowers are generally very large, some beautifully strined in a great variety of patterns, some of the richest velvety crimson. One variety was specially noticeable and to us entirely novel and particularly fine." FRENCH MARIGOLD, CANNELL'S NOTED STRAIN. ^ ^„ . . Some blooms of this were'sent to the Editor of the Gardeners' Magazine, and the followmg is in reply :— " H. Cannell.— Your French Marigolds are really magnificent ; we have not seen any- thing to equal them. The colour and marking is wonderfully bright and decisive, and the form can be summed up in the one word ' perfection.' A few stands of blooms like those before us would present a striking contrast to, and have a grand appearance amongst other cut flowers usually exhibited at this season of the year." , ,,,„ r^ nv iii. Extract from the " Journalof Horticulture." —"French Mangolds (H. Cannell). _ Ihey are splendid. We never saw finer flowers, nor peuls more regularly or brilliantly striped. The Best and the most Practical Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue of Seeds, post-free to all applicants. H, CANNELL, F,R,H,8„ The Home for Flowers, SWANLEY, KENT, 134 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February i, 1879. ONE GUINEA COLLECTION of VEGETABLE SEEDS, containing 6 quarts of excellent Peas for succession, and 50 packets of other leading sorts of SEEDS, all of best quality. Carriage Free to any RaiKvav ^'l^tl n in iMvjIanrl. •RieHARD SMiTH&Clpl m- wo ncES TE R : ■#] WESTWOOD PARK BROCCOLI.— A new and exceedingly fine late white protecting sort. It comes into use during May and June, is dwarf and compact, of very uniform habit, beautifully white, thoroughly protected, and of most excellent quahty. It is undoubtedly a decided acquisition. Price is. 6ii. per packet. It can also be supphed by the following Seedsmen : — Backhouse & Son, York. Brown, W. & J., Stamford. Barr & Sudden, London. Cooper, W. R., London. Daniels Bros., Norwich. Dickson, F. & A., Chester. Dickson, Brown & Tait, Manchester. [chaster. Dickson & Robinson, Man- Dickson & Turnbull, Perth Dickson & Co., Edinburgh. Dixon. E. P.,_Huli. _ Downie & Laird, Edinburgh. Drummond, W., & Sons, Dublin Edmondson Bros,, Dublin. Hurst & Son, London. House. John, Peterborough. Howden & Co., Inverness. Hogg & Robertson. Dublin. Jefferies & Son, Cirencester. Laird & Sinclair, Dundee. Matthews, R. B.. Belfast. Paul, W., & Son, Waltham. Rush, E., Chester. Strachan, J., Wrexham. Stuart, Mein & Allen, Kelso. Smith, W. , & Son, Aberdeen. Walker, John, Thame. Williams. R. S.. H^^ll^wnv. '•Richard Smith & c^- LVgtBgiwaKwaie^Bll GEO. SON, JAOKMAN & (Established 1810,) Cultivators of FRUIT and FOREST TREES, Evergreen and Flowering TREES and SHRUBS, ROSES, RHODODENDRONS, Conifers and Hardy Climbers. THE CLEMATIS A SPECIALITY. Descriptive Priced CaialoiiHes free. WOKING NUBSEBY, SURREY. WM. PAUL k SON. •^^ ^<=a^^ ff (Successors to the late A. Paul & So ^ rf^fj^/-^ Established 1S06,) ^' / ROSE GROWERS, TREE, PLANT, BULB, AND SEED MERCHANTS. WALTHAM CROSS HERTS. Adjoining the '* Waltham " Station Great Eastern Railway. Inspeciio7i of Stock invited. Priced Descriptive Catalogues free by post. DANIELS' NinRFOLK niANT BROCCOLI. For use iu Elarcli, April and May. The largest, hardiest, whitest and best Broccoli in the world. Has been grown during the past season to the enormous weight of 281b. each. A grand variety, of compact habit, stem robust and short ; llower-heads exceedinely large and beauti- fully white, being well protected with lu.\uriant overlapping foliage. A most valuable market variety : sells readily at Covent Garden and Provincial Markets at a high figure. NORFOLK GIANT BROCCOLI Can be obtained only direct from us in our own Sealed Packets. Is. 6d. per Packet. DANIEi. S BROS., ROYAL NORFOLK SF.ED ESTABLISHMENT, NORWICH. CHOICE HOME-GROWN SEEDS. JOHN CATTELL'S Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue OF VEGETABLE, FLOWER, and AGRICULTURAL SEEDS, Containing a Select List of New and Improved Varieties of Vegetable, Flower, and Farm Seeds IS NOW READY, And v^ill be sent gratis and post-free on application. See also Advertisements ifi the " Gardeners' Chronicle," Jajiuary 4, 11, and 18. NURSERY and SEED ESTABLISHMENT, ;WESTERHAM, KENT. The Finest Strain of Primula. /BARTER'S PERFECTION PRIZE \j PRIMULA, mixed colours, comprising the finest forms and most brilliant shades in cultivation. Price IS. 6d. and zs. 6d. per packet, post-free. See STERLING NOVELTIES, a short Catalogue profusely iilustrated with the best New Things of the Year, gratis and post-free, from CARTERS. Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London, W.C. To Gentlemen, Builders, and the Trade. P>OBERT AND GEORGE NEAL, ^ Wandsworth Common and Garrett Lane Nurseries, beg respectfully to call attention to their large and varied Stock of HARDY. ORNAMENTAL, FOREST. FRUIT TREES and SHRUBS, which are grown at their Nurseries, especially those Trees, &c., which are most suitable for growing in or near large towns. An early inspection invited. AJi goods delivered free on rail in London, or at own residence, within five miles of the Nurseries. CATALOGUES free by post on application. Lily-white Seakale. STUART, MEIN and ALLAN, knowing the above to be a great improvement on the old variety, have grown it extensively, and are prepared to offer it at a cheap rate, viz., -zos. per loo. Shirley Hibberd says—" When I saw your dozen roots in the forcing-pit, by the side of our own I was astonished at the distinction, and was white as snow." See also Gardeners' Magazine of January ii. Kelso. N.B. A Superb Novelty. /BARTER'S NEW DOUBLE ESCH- Vy SCHOLTZrA CROCEA, fl.-pl.— Awarded the Royal Horticultural Society s First-class Certificate. Illustrated in the Jourjtal of Horticulture, November 14, 1878. — "One of the grandest novelties of the floral world." Price 2s. 6d. per packet, post-free. See STERLING NOVELTIES, a short Catalogue profusely illustrated with the best New Things of the Year, gratis and post-free, from CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London. SEEDS OF SUPERIOR QUALITY. Wm. Paul & Son {Successors to the late A. Paul & Son — Established iSo6) BEG TO ANNOUNCE THAT THEIR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF SELECT VEGETABLE, PLOWBB SEEDS, &c., is now ready, and will be forwarded post free on applicatio7i. Many Seeds are home-grown, and all are selected with the utmost care from the most celebrated stocks at home and abroad, in order to secure their Customers the best quality that can be obtained. IMPORTANT.— Observe Christian Name— WM. PAUL & SON, PAUL'S NURSERIES and SEED WAREHOUSE, WALTHAM CROSS, LONDON, N. NEW SEEDLING POTATO FOR SPRING, 1879. THE FINEST I \ MAIN CROP X POTATO EVER RAISED. JOHNSTON'S DOWNSHIRE. This variety is of Irish origin, being raised byWm. Johnston, Esq., M.P., Ballykilbeg, and selected by him from a large number of Seedlings, after repeated trials, for its extra fine Culinary, Disease-resisting, and Late-keeping qualities, being beautifully white, dry, and mealy when cooked, and of the most delicious flavour — keeping good for cooking from early Autumn till following June. As a food producer this Potato must be placed in the foremost rank. Grown for trial by us last season, under ordinary cultivation, with some 500 other kinds, it produced at the rate of upwards of 400 bushels per acre of sound, marketable tubers, of an Improved Victoria type — eyes rather fleet, skin roughly netted and of a light red colour. Stock very limited. Can be obtained only direct from tis. Price 2s. per lb., 7 lb. 12s. No Customer will be supplied with more than 7 lb. DANIELS BROS., SEEDSMEN TO THE PRINCE OF WALES, NORWICH. February i, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 135 NOW READY, GRATIS AND POST-FREE, Dick Radclyffe & Co.'s pFj zeMed^al Seed s . ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE ' deCatal(58"up. OF VEGETABLE, FLOWER, AND AGRICULTURAL SEEDS, CONTAINING ALL THE NOVELTIES OF THE SEASON. D. R. & CO.'S COLLECTIONS OF VEGETABLE SEEDS. Judidotisfy selected, and only approved kinds included. For detailed list of contents see Catalogue. ^ j No. I contains a Season's supply in sufficient quantities for a very large Garden 63 o No. 2 „ „ „ „ large Garden 43 o No. 3 „ „ ), t, medium-sized Garden ... 21 o No. 4 „ ,, ,, ), small Garden 10 6 Discount, pacldng, and carriage free, a3 per terms of Catalogue. FLOWER SEEDS, in Collections, 42^., 21^., 10s. 6d., and 5^-. each, post-free. DICK RADCLYFFE & CO., 138 and 189, HIGH HOLBOEN, W.C. ^/ CAUTION I -\ .^u's 3v y^THE -ADVANTAGES 0F\ ^a:. .1.. i.~:. i-cju-- .sj <> X„».. ^ "v'^-— ■'°"'°""-''"'-^"'^" ""''^ ' '^'^-"-" /the ONLA-'iNGLISH O- yRDEDFlVEGQLD-MED.AJ.S / ^ ' I i-~. ' — ' '~- RISI87a ' years ago that year, and four years before that he had followed the remains of his beloved son, Richard, whose death broke the statesman's heart. He gossiped mournfully to Mr. Jesse, talked of his master's charity to the poor, of his kindness to his dependents, and of the four black horses to his carriage, which were kept in health and good condition by sometimes working on the farm. One day Burke discovered some rag.;ed boys Dilfcring wood, and brought the urchins home, to be whipped as they thought. They arrived at the awful Squire's door, ragged, pinched, and expecting to be whipped ; they were taken into his warm kitchen, fed, and measured for some suits of clothes. The great statesman and successful farmer, who himself attended to his breed of cattle, which stood high in public estimation, used to stroll about his park with a spud for extirpating Plantain and other intruding weeds, and where the grass seemed likely to be injured or rendered too rank by an excess of manure falling on one spot, the author of that noble essay on the Sublime used to adjust matters with his spud in the usual way. The house was always full of company. Windham, the Secretary for War, used to ride down from London on a white horse, which was stalled in a capital stable ■ — the only part of the building which escaped the fire. I5urke used formerly to say of his home, " Every care vanishes the moment 1 enter under its roof," but his happiness all vanished at the death of his son. He could not bear afterwards to look at the tower of the church across the park ; he refused the title of Lord Burke of Beaconsfield, not caring to accept it when his hope was gone. There is a touching story of his meeting his son's horse, which had been turned into the park to end its days. Like any other horse that has been caressed and treated kindly, it walked up to its master and presently rested its head on his shoulder. There was nothing unusual in this, but the incident recalled the memory of the lost son, and the afflicted parent was completely overcome. He llung his arms about the horse's • neck and burst into a paroxysm of grief In a farmhouse in a lane near Burke's Grove Mr. Jesse discovered a stout farmer, who more than half a century before had kicked off his clothes in his cradle one summer day, when Burke discovered him slumbering and nude. Somedays later he brought Sir Joshua Reynolds — the clothes were again removed, and the child became the model of the " Infant Hercules Strangling Two Serpents." " Beneath the Oaks of Beaconsfield," said Disraeli, " Burke poured forth those divine effusions that \ indicated the social system and reconciled the authority of law with the liberty of m.an." The social system having been over- turned in France, Burke feared that the same disaster might disturb the peace of Beaconsfield, and he left instructions that his remains should be placed in a wooden coffin, and that the exact place of his burial should not be marked by an inscription lest his ashes should be scattered by revolutionists. The church is a large one with nave and aisles. A tablet on the wall records that " Near this place lies all that \\as mortal of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, who died the 9th of July, 1797, aged 68 years." In the same gra\e were deposited the remains of his son, brother and widow. In 1862 a brass was inlaid upon the gravestone in the nave by the great-grand-nephew and repre- sentative of Burke and by Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms, " to mark the graxe of the greatest of their name." New Garden Plants. Pn>TOSP,\THA iNsiG.Nis, N. E. Br. (Fig. 20.) This remarkable little Aroid is one of the dis- coveries of Mv. Biirbidge in North Borneo, and which he has succeeded in introducing alive into Messrs. Veitch's establishment.- It will no doubt prove an elegant and attractive addition to our stoves, the nod- ding spathes, white with a rose-coloured tip, offering a pleasing contrast to the dark green narrow lan- ceolate leaves. From a scientific point of view the plant is decidedly interesting ; it belongs to the small group Schismatoglottidinea;, of which there are one or two species of the genus Schismatoglottis already in cultivation. The group is confined to Malacca and the Malay Archipelago. The present plant will form a new genus, which, although unquestionably be- longing to this group, differs from the other three genera composing it in wanting the spike of neuter origans which so conspicuously terminate the spadix in the hitherto described genera, so that that character will require modifying when the group is again worked up. I have also another Aroid collected by Mr. Burbidgc belonging to this group which will I think form still another new genus, and in this also the terminal spike of neuter organs is absent : this latter plant I shall descrilie on a future occasion. The Schismatoglottidinea; are remarkable for their deciduous spathes, which never seem to expand as in most other groups, but only open a very little way near the apex, forming a small hole for the entrance and exit of small insects, and then after fertilisation the upper part falls off in the form of a hood. I^erhaps the greatest peculiarities of the present plant reside in the anther, which affords another character whereby to distinguish it from its allies ; in this the connective is twice as long as the anther cells, being produced beyond them in the form of a curved conical tip, and is itself distinctly two-celled, the cells or cavities being slightly stuffed, in all the other genera the anther-cells are as long or longer than the con- nective, and the latter is solid. The following is a description of the plant. Acaulescent, dwarf and tufted, entirely glabrous. Petioles erect, sheathing at base, i — 2 inches long, 1 line thick. Leaf-bfade slightly spreading, linear- lanceolate, or narrow lanceolate, entire, gradually narrowing from one-third below the apex to an acumi- nate point, and from one-third above tire base, narrowed into a cuneate acute base, 3^— 5i inches long, 5—12 lines broad, coriaceous, dark green above, pale green beneath ; midrib prominent and rounded on both sides, primary lateral veins four or five on each side of midrib (in the illustration the veins are too numerous, and should not have been shown on the upper side), hardly visible above, a little prominent beneath, very slightly curved, ascending, forming with the midrib a very acute angle. Scale-leaves reddish brown, linear acuminate, concave or subconvolute, I — i J inch long. Scapes erect, recurving at the ,apex, shorter than the leaves, 3 — 4 inches long, terete, reddish. Inllor- escence at first erect, afterwards nodding. Spathe convolute, ovate-fusiform acuminate, sometimes slightly twisted, more or less recurved at the apex, I — 14 inch long, about h inch thick, white, very deli- cately tinted with pinkish colour, the apex entirely rose- pink. Spadix half as long as the spathe, sessile, conti- nuous, the basal one-fifth covered with tabuliform neuter organs (abortive ovaries), above which to nearly half way up are the ovaries, the rest of the spadix being covered with anthers, two or three only of the apical ones being abortive. Ovary oblong, obtusely 3 — 4 angled, truncate, withasessile stigma, smooth, the lower two-thirds dotted with minute red immersed glands, i-celled, with 2 — 3 parietal placentas, which unite at the apex, and bear on their sides numerous ascending ortho- tropous ovules. Anthers sessile, laterally compressed, connective stout, twice as long as the anther-cells, being produced beyond them as a conical curved point, in cross-section showing two slightly stuffed cavities (i.e., 2-celled) ; anther-cells one on each side of the connective, each 2-celled, but opening by one small horse-shoc-shapcd terminal pore, the walls of the entire anther dotted with minute immersed red glands. N. E. Brown, Herhariuin, Kcio. Odo.ntogi.ossu.m Rossii, Linal. I was exceedingly surprised the other day when I received a raceme of this Orchid, with five flowers, each of which was as large as I had ever seen a single one before. It was a present from my zealous corre- spondent, Mr. iVlfred Borwick, and had been grown by the very experienced orchidist, Mr. Walton. When I had expressed my thanks and my great pleasure, Mr. A. Borwick sent me a second box, con- taining six kinds of flowers, showing great variation as to the dimensions of the spots. It is only by Mr. Berwick's help that I have arrived at the solution of a very old riddle, viz., the old and the new O. Rossii. The oldest representation of the pkant, given by good authority, Dr. Lindley, in the Bolanical Rci^islcr, shows the blades of the lip almost circular. What we have seen alive in Europe had, as far as I know it, an oblong one, and I was in the habit of naming the plant for my correspondents Odontoglossum Rossii II., as I had only once obtained a wild Mexican specimen of No. I., the oldest Lindleyan Rossii. Now I learn from Mr. A. Berwick's flowers that all kinds of lip occur even on the same peduncle, though the circular blade is no doubt an exception. We may, however, look to the colour for the distinc- tion. The brown-spotted variety may be regarded as the type. The variety rubescens, Dr. Lindley's Odontoglossum rubescens, is a mere variety with reddish spots, that look unusually nice. Var. cnerul- escens, Odontoglossum rubescens, of Ach. Richard and Galeotti, has a bluish ground colour in lieu of a white one, and is apparently very near the last. Var. viridescens is a variety with nice green blotches, of which I can only find a single record in myherbarium and notes. I had it once from my highly-valued friend Mr. Backhouse, who gave me so much information, as to the locality of rare plants. Odontoglossum Dawsonianum, proposed by myself, is much smaller, and appears to have some good marks in the narrower petals and the cells. I had a very curious variety once from my invalu.able corre- spondent, Mr. J. Day. It had sharp bristles at the top of the callus : I called it C. aristatum. I much regret that frequent absences from England pre- vented Mr. D,ay from informing me whether the sur- prising feature proved to be constant, or whether it was one of those ephemeral monsters which so often puzzle the orchidist. As to Odontoglossum Ehrenbergii, this is the name often given in England to Odontoglossum Dawsonia- num. Klotzsch's genuine plant is only known from Mr. Schmidt's drawing, published by the author : the callus is distinct from anything we have. I never could find the type in the Berlin herbarium ; hence it is a half mythological creation, to l-ie searched for once more in its native place. H. G. Rchb. f. BEES AS FERTILISING AGENTS. OuK first Peach-house is in full bloom and flower- ing abundantly and strongly, notwithstanding the severe and dull weather we have had during the greater portion of the winter. To-d.ay, January 20, has been truly a grand d.ay for forcing, as we have had sunshine from sunrise to sunset. Strawberry blossom is coining away nicely, making its way up through a fine mass of healthy leafage, which in Strawberry plants — unlike the naked flowering of the Crocus or the Peach — forms the protective advance guard of the flower-spathe. To-day's sunshine also benefited much the spring batch of Cucumbers now coming into flower ; also iNIelons, French Beans, Vines, forced flowers, iJcc. In the early Peach-house, about a week ago, we moved in a hive of bees for the third season — the same one we had in last year, and which went the round of all four houses. The bees appear to quite delight and even luxuriate in the work they have to do ; most mornings they are out and at work by 8.30, becoming more Inisy as the day advances, and especially so during sunshine. Few scenes in Nature at this time of the year can be much more interesting than the observance of a hive of bees at work on the blossoms in a good-sized Peach-house, p.assing industriously from flower to flower in "full hum," or as a fox-hunter might say, in "full cry" after the pollen ; and to watch their return at the door of the hive with legs heavily laden with pellets of farina. Since introducing bees to the Peach-houses it has been remarked to me that after some little experience I should be obliged to abandon the use of theit 1-EHKL'AUV 1, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 139 agency, the rerison» given being those which I believe in the first instance emanated from Mr. Darwin, [Wlicre?] and are— 1st, purloining for their combs the wax which defends the prolific dust of the anthers from vain ; 2dly, carrying off the dust itself as food for their young larv.i; ; and 3dly, devouring the honey of the nectaries, intended to nourish the vegetable organs of fructification. I am not going to follow up the defence of the three accusations further than is necessary to prove their fallacy, so far as the agency of bees is applied as a means to an end — namely, the fertilising of Peach or Nectarine blossoms. could equal their work, or do it half so well ; gra- tuitous labour such as this in these times is an oljject worthy of some consideration ; besides, when bees can do the necessary operation with so much pleasure and advantage to themselves, it would be utter waste in the economy of labour to set a man so many hours daily to do work which is both naturally and legitimately the work of an insect ; and it is a pity they should be deprived of the opportunity of economising the honied stores of the early blossoms, which are jjroduced by the forcing of the houses al enormous cost. as to the proper time to bring a hive into the house. There should be some of the blossoms fully open and ready for the bees at once to operate upon. On their coming in some erratic individuals— like many indi- vidual members even in the human family— are apt to "fly high " and endeavour to make their escape to the outer world through the glass, but after a little fruitless exertion they give up the attempt, finding out, no doubt, by the industrious hum of the bees steadily at work a little lower down, that this is not the great outside world after all they were wont to ramble in, but of itself a little tiny world within the other— a to the subsequent setting, growth, swelling, and final ripening of the fruit. Suffice it to say that after close observation, extended over two years, no fear need be apprehended of harm coming to either blossom, fruit, or trees, through the depasturage of bees. Of this successful experiment probably Mr. Darwin may be pleased to hear, but at the same time I wish it to be understood that I did not set up this instance of indoor observation as an argument against his theory, applied to other plants under a thousand and one other circumstances. My argument goes only to show that bees may advantageously be employed as safe and clever fetilisers in the matter of early I'each- houses. Their agency saves an enormous amount of labour and anxiety — no amount of manual labour It is not considered an unnatural thing to plant Peach trees in a glass erection, there to be grown and fruited ; neither on the other hand need it be looked upon as being a very unnatural thing to place bees side by side with these trees, under the same and somewhat artificial, though happy circumstances. With the roots of Peach trees well at work, no great danger need be feared for the want of a " set." Most gardeners have their own favourite way of fertilisa- tion. My remarks on experiments with bees as a fructifying agent are made without prejudice to any modus operandi previously existing. I only advocate their agency because their work is done naturally, quickly, cheaply, and well. I might perhaps be allowed to say a word or two happy Valley— like unto that of which We read, where lived for a time Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia. When it is observed that all the blossoms in the house are open and that all have been operated upon — which upon examination is easily known, the hive should at once be moved to a fresh house, and so on to the next and next, until all have been gone through ; thence to the outside world for the sunnner run. Care should be taken not to leave the hive in a hou.se a moment longer than can be helped, after there is nothing to work upon, for then is the time, especially if the sun is hot, the bees become excited with the heat, and finding nothing to o)ierate upon fly wildly agamst the glass, and many will die through sheer exhaustion long before sunset, when it is time for them to return to the hive. Win. Miller, Combt Aibey Gardens, 140 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February t, 1879. HOME - PREPARED MANURE, FROM EITHER HOUSE REFUSE, OR REFUSE OF THE FARM. {Conchtded from p, log,) Mode of Preparation of the Manure. " Wherever the dry-earth system is adopted tlie liquid refuse of tlie house or town must not be confounded eitlier in its volume or value with the liquid sewage of the water system. The latter on the one hand charged with a large amount of solid matter of a very offensive nature, is on the other hand diluted with five or six times its volume of the water for flushing closets, drains, &c, On both accounts it is very diilieult to deal with. On the latter account — its immense volume — the safe and in- offensive disposal of it and its utilisation arc equally impossible. In the case of a town of 7000 inhabitants the sewage to be disposed of daily under the water system amounts to at the least 210,000 gallons. Where the earth-closet is adopted, it is no more than 30,000 or 40,000 gallons. Under the former again, the liquid sewage of a family of from five to ten persons would be at the least 150 gallons or 300 gallons a day ; while under tlie latter these amounts maybe 30 and 60 gallons. But judging from experience, I should think, if kept free from the rainfall, it would seldom exceed 40 gallons a day, " This last amount has for several years been disposed of on 14 perches of garden ground inoffensively, safely, and with vast increase of produce. Let account be taken of this and of the fact previously referred to, viz., that the result of this removal and disposal of 40 gallons of liquid daily, together with the mode of dealing with it, would be the very high manuring of a garden of \, \, or \ an acre, and the production at the same lime of several tons of valuable manure, and that removal and disposal will be seen to be not only inexpensive but a source of profit. Speaking of it on a large scale, it might become a source of great wealth to the nation. " The mode of preparing these slops and sink water, either to be a very powerful liquid manure for immediate use or to form by its admixture with earth from the closet or with unmixed earth or {for certain crops) with coal-ashes, an equally powerful solid manure, is such as I am about to describe. " In my own case the liquid is conveyed from the bed- chamber and from the back kitchen by pipes and through a drain just beneath the surface of the ground to a tank in the garden. This plan is, of course, generally avail- able only where there is sufficient fall from the two sources of supply to the tank. Wherever the ground is level, or where it rises from the dwelling-house to the garden, the liquid must be removed in a 12 or 18 gallon bucket on wheels. " It should here be observed that the liquid so received either into the tank or bucket is generally already charged with a considerable amount of nitrogen, ammonia, and other matters which it holds in solution or suspension. I know a labourer who in his small allotment has gener- ally had the best crops of Potatos in the field, and who has never used any other manure for them than the slops of his house mixed with coal-.ashes. "The liquid refuse of a family of from five to ten per- sons on being received into the garden in either of the w.ays mentioned should the same day be poured into a tank or tub provided with the following soluble sub- stances : — "I. Four pounds, or if for continued use, 10 lb. or 2olb. , of very finely pulverised glass or burnt flint pul- verised. It will be well to tie this in a very coarse cloth. "2. Two pecks of fowls' dung or of crushed bones. The supply of these ingredients nriy, if the use be con- tinued, be frequently renewed. "3. If the soil be chalky or sandy, and there be in the neighbourhood Kimmeridge clay, let there be 10 lb. or 12 lb. of that substance placed at the bottom of the tank or tub. It is very friable, goes to pieces in water, and contains nitrogen and an abundance of shells. "4. Addi2lb. of common salt : this also to be renewed. ' ' 5. Two good wheelbarrow'sful of decaying leaves or weeds or any other vegetable matter. This also to be renewed. "6. In some cases it may be well to substitute the same quantity of superphosphate for the bones, sometimes nitrate of soda. " Experience will doubtless introduce many variations. The first five ingredients, however, will be of themselves sufficient to form, together with the sink water and slops and the earth or ashes, many tons of most powerful solid manure and many hogsheads of liquid manure of much the same power for daily use. " It may be well to press the mass of vegetables, &c., together, and then to pourinlo the tub or tank the whole of the liquid refuse of the house for one or two days, according to the amount of supply or the size of the tub or tank. Let it 'stand then for two days at least, mean- lime let the liquid for each following day be poured on such parts or crops of the' garden as may require it ; and in this way continuously should any surplus be used, first poured into the tub or lank, then an equal quantity taken out and applied to the soil or the crop. " In a shed by the side of the tub or tank so prepared there should be two spaces a few inches deep in the floor, in which heaps would be formed, one of earth, cither native or from the earth-closet, the other of sifted coal-ashes ; each space might be equal in extent to that which a mason requires for mixing mortar ; and when either heap is large enough a hollow should be formed in it, and the liquid from the tub should be poured into the hollow space, and the whole mass should be well mixed to the consistency of mortar. In this state it should be removed to a larger dry shed, and there thinly spread over the floor : it should occasionally be turned and beaten or rolled. The more complete the pul- verisation as it dries, the more efi"ective will be the manure. " For some lime I pursued the plan of pouring the earth into the prepared liquid ; but the plan I here recommend of pouring the liquid on and into the earth or ashes is much more simple, and admitting, as it does, of a larger and more frequent supjjly or renewal of the various ingredients, it must be quite as effective in filling every particle of the ashes and the earth with large manurial power. "Such, then, is the simple mode of manufacture of this manure, and such is its nature. The medium sought for the conveyance of certain nutritive substances, such as ammonia, nitrogen, phosphate, silicic acid, &c., to the soil or rather to the coming crop, so receives those sub- stances into itself — they are so incorporated with it — that from every particle of the earth enveloped or impregnated with them the plant can derive nourishment. "The only requisite now to render such a manure thoroughly efficacious is this. In a state and condition so carefully and minutely prepared it must be brought within reach of the plant at the right time. And the simple mode of effecting this is to drill in the manure either with the seed or beneath it, and to place a given quantity (say i oz. or \ oz.) in the hole in which a plant is to be set or the Potato placed. "So great is the fertihsing power of this manure that in the case of Wheat (and I think the same may be said of Oats and of Barley) the seed must be thinly sown, and the drills may safely be drawn 2 feet 6 inches apart, the width for the seed being 3 or 6 inches. From various observations and experiments in the course of many years, I should expect from an acre so manured and sown and kept clear of weeds from 6 to 8 qr. of Wlieat. Nor is this to be \\ondered at if only it be considered that the manure in a thoroughly prepared state is ready for the lootlets of the plants as soon as they begin to act, and that it is alw.iys at hand throughout its growth. "And this is not all that is to be expected from an acre of land, for through the aid of a manure so manageable there may be grown between the drills of Wheat a crop of Cabbages (the seed of which in the autumn might be drilled in, and the plants hoed as Turnips are hoed), or even Parsnips or Carrots. " F'urther still, by alternating tlrese crops Wheat may be grown on the same land every year without any im- poverishment of the soil. And should the system be extended over the present Wheat area of Great Britain, Ireland, and the four-field and three-field" system be abolished — a system which allows of growing Wheat in the same ground only once in four years or once in three years — then our Wheat produce might soon be trebled, while from the intermediate green crops or root crops, together with the Wheat-straw properly used as fodder, one bullock or one cow might be fed on every acre of this same arable land. " As to the labour and cost involved in carrying out such a system, let them be compared with that of the provision and carriage and distributing of ten waggon- loads of stable dung to an acre once in three ye.ars, and with the labour bestowed on the subsequent ploughing and cleaning the Clover-ground, and I feel confident that they will be found to be less on the new than on the old system. But if otherwise, the produce of the fields so largely increased would willingly admit of a large increase in the amount of labour. It would soon call for an improvement in the character of that labour ; and thus possessing a higher value it would of necessity raise the character and condition of the agricultural labourer." The Produce of Ceylon.— The value of land is said to be increasing greatly in Ceylon, owing to the introduction of new commercial plants — chiefly, it seeins, those of Cinchona and Tea. ColTee, of course, is very largely grown, notwithstanding the ravages of the Hemileia. Cocoa, many of the spice- yielding plants, and ebony also occupy considerable attention. As a proof of the extent of the commercial traffic between Ceylon and this country it may be mentioned that in a single d.ay in October last over 14,000 lb. of Cinchona bark was shipped from thence to England ; and fmthcr, we are told, tliat hardly a vessel leaves Colombo or Galle without a consignment of Cinchona bark. It seems also that, on another day in the same month, tea to the extent of 13,760 lb. was sent from Ceylon to London, the same vessel bringing likewise 44,678 lb. of cinnamon. DATURA ARBOREA. I HAVE pleasure in sending you a photograph of Datura (Brugmansia) arborea growing against the wall of myhouse and which has been quite a success for some years, and never so much so as in the past autumn, when its large white flowers, with the delicate shading of light green colour, attracted much admiration, as seventy or eighty were in bloom at one time. The measured length of the flower was loi inches, the breadth about 5 inches. The cost at which this has been obtained is small. It occurred to me some years since to utilise a warm south border by continuing a verandah (open else- where) and enclosing it entirely with glass, thus form- ing without artificial heal a sort of Madeira climate. The wall at the back of the picture (fig. 2i) is that of my kitchen, and no doubt contributes to maintain the temperature, which I am obliged so far to depart from my original intention as to assist in sharp frosty nights by burning a paraffin lamp. The glass doors are taken away in summer. In winter the plant I have described is cut back to its strong leading stems, and many other plants of half hardy character find shelter in this simple conservatory. Paxtun in his Bolanica/ Diiiioimiy%3.ys of this plant that " it never thrives well but when planted out in a border, and must be plentifully watered, allowing plenty of room for the branches. Thus treated the numbers, size, and fine white colour of the flowers will be surprising." I have only to add that my plant is rooted in a border of good soil, and has the advan- tage of liquid manure supplied to it by my gardener in the flowering season. Jo/in Eliot Howard, F.R.S., Lord's Meade, Tottenliain. FORMING AN ARBORETUM.* The difficulties of making a proper plan for laying out the arboretum have always appeared very great to me. The site, while offering exceptional beauties, perhaps, for a public park, offers exceptional topo- graphical difficulties for the object to which it is to be devoted, namely, a museum, in which as many living specimens as possible are to find their appropriate positions. In such a museum, everything should be subservient to the collections, and the ease with which these can be reached and studied ; and none of I hose considerations of mere landscape effect, which properly govern the laying out of ordinary public parks, should be allowed to interfere with these essential require- ments of a scientific garden, however desirable such effects undoubtedly are. The possibility of making a plan which should place every plant in the best position attainable for it, pre- serving at the same time for the whole collection, as neady as practicable, the fixed sequence of arrange- ment which alone makes large collections valuable for comparative study and possible to manage, was, then, the first thing to be considered. In connection with this, but subservient to it, it was necessary to devise a system of roads and walks which should make easily accessible to a large number of visitors every plant in the collection, and which, without interfering with the scientific necessities of arrange- ment, should open up and develope, as far as possible, the remarkable natural beauties of the ground. In discussing these questions with Mr. Olmsted, during a visit which he paid to the arboretum, he volunteered to make a plan embracing his ideas of the best method of attaining these ends, which he agreed were essential. The benefit to the arboretum of Mr. Olmsted's generous offer can hardly be over- estimated. The foremost of landscape architects, he brings to this undertaking the largest experience and the wisest judgment ; and I shall be satisfied that the plan he finally offers will be the very best attainable under the circumstances. That this ofler might be accepted, the sum of two thousand dollars was necessary, with which to pay for a survey and topographical map of the ground, and for office and olher incidental expenses. The benefits which follow the rigid exclusion of all browsing animals from woodlands are now apparent in the arboretum, over large tracts of which numbers of young forest trees have sprung up spontaneously during the last few years. These have been carefully thinned during the year, the most valuable only being • Extracted from .t valuable report of Prof. C. S. Sargent on the Botanic Garden and Arboretum at Cambridge, "ftlass.. 1 February i, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 141 preserved. The older trees have also been thinned again wherever their vigour of growth, resulting from earlier thinnings, has rendered it necessary ; and the woodlands are now in as satisfactory a condition as could be hoped for. Letters are constantly addressed to me asking for information on various subjects connected with forestry. These questions very generally point to the importance of solving these two problems : — i. I low- ing circumstances, by the railroad corporations, who alone of Western landowners are in a position to make experiments extensive enough to be conclusive, and who, as the largest owners of the soil, should be the most interested in demonstrating the capabilities of their lands to produce valuable forest products, of which they themselves must always be the largest con- sumers. To solve as far as possible these two pro- blems, experiments have been undertaken during the the climate of New England and the northern por- tions of Europe, have heretofore been practically un- attainable by American or European planters. Florists' Flowers. Seasonable Notes : Auriculas. — The plants wake up into active growth this month if the weather is fine. Frosts sometimes continue to b? severe all Fig. 21.— datura (brugmansia) arborea. (see p. 140.) shall the worn-out and exposed lands of the Atlantic seaboard be covered with trees again in the cheapest and quickest manner? 2 (and this is a far more important and difficult question to settle), How shall the treeless Western States, which are watered by the Missouri and its tributaries, be best rendered more habitable and productive through covering portions of them with forest growth, and especially what trees shall be selected for this purpose. A solution of the first of these problems can well be reached by individual experiment and effort. The second will only be satisfactorily solved, under exist- past year, in accordance with suggestions I have offered, in the East, by individual landowners in- terested in the subject, principally in Rhode Island ; in the West, and on a large scale, by one of the rail- road corporations of Kansas. Ey the direct inspiration of the arboretum, nearly four hundred thousand (393,245) trees have been planted during the year in various parts of the country ; and, through its correspondents in the Rocky Moun- tains, it has at last been possible to procure for culti- vators in this country and Europe large quantities of the seeds of some of the peculiar trees of that region, which, although known to be extremely well suited to through the month ; in that case the plants will be quiescent. Top-dress about the middle of the month, but before doing so see that the roots are well satu- rated with water ; also take the opportunity of the surface soil being removed to take off any offsets that arc ready, and propagate them in the usual way. Carnations and Picotees.— These will require to be watered more frequently ; indeed, the soil should not become dusty dry after this month comes in. If the season is early the plants must be in their blooming-pots by the end of the month ; if it is a 142 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [I'EIIRI^AKY I, 1S79. late season the first week in March will he. time encu^h. Cleanliness is still all-important— nut a decaying leaf should be seen. Sparrows do much damage to the plants sometimes, for these troublesome birds attack the tender leaves in the centre of the plants ; and it may be necessary to net the plants to keep them off. See also that the plants are quite free from greenfl)'. Dahlias.— Continue to take cuttings from those roots placed into heat into January. It is not well to plunge the pots in a very high bottom-heat, nor should the temperature of the house where they are struck be more than 50° at night : it might rise in the day 5° or 10' higher than this. As soon as the cuttings are rooted take them out of the bottom- heat and place them on a shelf or stage near the glass, as a preparation for putting them into larger pots in the course of a week. The cuttings will not all strike roots at the same time ; slender growths form roots in less than half the time those of a gross, succulent nature take. Gradually inure the plants to a free circulation of air, to obtain a stocky habit of growth. Hollyhocks.— Continue to take cuttings when strongenough, and they may either be struck, as recom- mended in Ja?niary, or be root-grafted. This is done by simply tying the cutting on to a bit of root, but the edges of the scion and stock should fit exactly, and the cut portion be made quite smooth. Tie firmly with matting, and pot deep enough just to cover the union. Autumn-struck cuttings should be potted on ; if these plants become pot-bound they will do no good, the spikes of bloom will be weak and be thrown up prematurely. The plants will do in cold frames, but better if they can be placed on shelves near the glass in a house from which the frost is just excluded. See that the plants do not suffer from want of water. PaN'sies. — Those intended to flower in pots any time in April should now be repotted into their bloom- ing pots. The plants should be strong .and have well filled the pots they are in with roots. If it is intended to bloom them in 8-inch pots they should now be in 6-inch. Keep the plants quite free from greenfly and look for slugs at night. Surface-dress the beds with rich soil ; that formed of loam and rotted manure in equal parts answers well. If the growths are long enough, peg them down to the surface of the ground. Phloxes. — Those plants grown in pots under glass will have shoots 2 or 3 inches in length ; thin them out, leaving three or W-iit. The superfluous shoots should be potted singly into thumb-pots and be placed in a little bottom-heat ; an ordinary hotbed answers well. The old plants may be put out in a bed, or be planted in the herbaceous borders. Pentstemon's. — Those plants wintered in frames may now be planted out in beds if the weather is fine and the ground dry. If it is intended to grow any plants in pots they should also be repotted, and be kept quite clean and near the glass in a cold frame. Gladiolus. — About the second week in the montli look over the collection of roots, and all that are showing signs of growth, either by pushing out roots or growth, should be selected and planted in a shel- tered place. If a dry sheltered position cannot be obtained for them, the roots may be potted singly in 4 or 5-inch pots, using fine soil. Place the pots in a cold frame, and it is better to plunge them in some dry material. The ground intended for the general collection should be lightly forked over at intervals of two or three weeks if it is dry on the surface. Ranunculus. — From the beginning to the end of the month these should be planted. As the roots are very small it requires careful attention to the work to do it well. The crowns of the tubers should be just 1 inch below the surface of the ground. If the soil is light it is desirable to get some clayey loam, and to two parts of it add one of rotten stable manure, and cover the roots with this. The operation ought to be performed in fine dry weather. Chrysanthemums. — If the cuttings were not put in last month, it will answer well to do so this, but the work must not be delayed. Instructions have been given as to the best class of cuttings to take, and how to pot the old plants for specimens. It is best to dip the cuttings m a solution of soft-soap and tobacco-water, strong enough to kill greenfly. A genial sweet boltom-heat in a hotbed is the best place in which to place the cuttings at this time. TULTPS. — It depends much upon the season what the treatment of these will be. In a mild winter all the plants are well above the ground by this time ; and, should severe weather set in, it is as well to cover the beds. I have not found it necessary to do this in the South of England, but in the North the growers will not trust their choice plants out in a frosty night if the leaves are wet. They bend stout iron wires over the beds in the form of a semicircle ; these are kept in their place by iron rods, in a hori- zontal direction. The protecting material consists of good mats or stout canvas. J. Doi4glas. The Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States. By Thomas Meehan. P.oston, U.S. : Prang & Co. We have already alluded to this work, but the com- mencement of a second volume enables us once more to commend it to the notice of those of our readers interested in hardy American plants. The plates are artistic, but not exaggerated and botanically distorted, as artistic plates are wont to be ; in fact, they are among the most satisfactory chromo-lithographic pro- ductions that we have seen. The letterpress is popular and pleasant reading, containing the kind of information desired by amateurs, with references to books where more technical information is to be found. We strongly commend th^ work to the notice of plant lovers. Adam Spade, the Gardener. By Abel Double- way. Ilardwicke & Piogue. This is a playful jcu d'esJ'rH on the part of the veteran ex-curator of the Royal Gardens, Kew. It sets forth in punster's fashion the characteristics and habits of botanists and gardeners. A vein of satire, not ill-natured, runs all through the production, which may serve to amuse some of the fraternity. KiiKc Mycologiqiic. — We have on our table the first number of a journal edited by M. Roume- guere, of Toulouse, and devoted to the publication of information relating to fungi of all kinds. It is in- tended as a guide for beginners, and to afford oppor- tunity for experts to publish their discoveries. The Editor says he has no other ambition but to be useful, no other desire but to promote science, cause truth to shine, and neither to give oflence to any person nor to overthrow anything. The first article is from the pen of M. Roumeguere himself, on the lichen theory of Schwendener, which he unhesitatingly condemns. Another treats on the culture of Agarics of various kinds in Japan. Other articles follow, being original and selected, as well as reviews of books. The number is of much interest, and we cordially hope the publi- cation may meet with success. KITCHEN GARDEN. Until the weather becomes more propitious for out-of-door operations, many of these which should now be accomplished will have still further to be postponed. I fear the accumulation of deferred work this season will somewhat interfere with many arrange- ments which were made prior to this prolonged period of frost, a change is, however, evidently apparent to- day (January 27), and it will be wise to bring as quickly as possible to a close all such work as may be done now, so that when an opportunity is available for particular purposes, such as making sowings or plantings out-of-doors it may speedily be carried out. To avoid disappointment no further delay should take place in sending in the seed order to those from whom they are to be procured. Genuine seeds are indis- pensably necessary to avoid failures and a vexatious defeat of expectations, and for this end only reput- able firms should be entrusted in making a selection. It will be wise to remember that tried and well-known sterling kinds of the diflferent subjects are those which should at all times be relied on for the supply of edibles for general purposes ; and that for the sake of experience in novelties, and the prospect of occasion- ally obtaining a good thing, these latter should be had and tried independently. Amongst those which I have noticed for exhibition purposes are Sutton's Snowball Turnip, the Stamfordian Tomato, Carter's Heart- well Cabbage, and Tender and True Cucumber. Prevailing circumstances havenecessitated the covering up entirely for some time past, of .subjects as Cauliflower and Lettuce plants in fr.ames or h.and- glasses. Under the influence of more favourable con- ditions let these plants be fully exposed, and if not already done let the sowings of Cauliflower, Cabbage, and Lettuce alluded to in last paper upon this sub- ject be made at once ; it will be necessary in the case of such plants to keep them as sturdy as possible, for this purpose they should be ventilated every day after vegetation has commenced. In the forcing department attention will be needed to sustain successional supplies of the crops required. Sowings of French Beans may now be made in boxes, from which they can be transferred to pots or borders as soon as they have made rough leaves. . With the advantage of increased light these and similar subjects will now progress more speedily and satisfactorily. See that no lack of green meat is wanting, neither Tarragon nor Chicory for salading purposes, and maintain the requirements regularly as to Rhubarb, Asparagus, and Seakale, by introducing fresh roots as wanted. A'ery early Potatos which are cultivated in pots or otherwise should be kept moderately moist during the growing period, and should be in near proximity to the glass in a place that will admit of being aired in some degree almost every day. G. T. Miles, IVyionil'C Abbey. FRUIT HOUSES. Pines.— The interval which has elapsed since the preceding Calendarial remarks were made upon this subject has been one which, owing to its severity, has necessitated the strictest watchfulness and attention. At a critical period like this the power of the heating appliances will have been severely tested, and accord- ing to the efficiency or inefficiency of these appliances so will the condition in the houses be materially affected — on the one hand, under the disadvantageous necessity of having to put the utmost pressure on the heating appliances, there would be highly heated I]ipes, with the concomitant circumstances arising therefrom in the way of excessive aridity and a parched state ; and on the other the advantages which accrue from possessing an adequate capacity of heating power, with a sufficiency of pipes in the houses to meet any emergency whatever, and from which an abundance of heat can be obtained in a mollified and more congenial state. These are considerations of the highest importance in connection with horti- cultural practice, and at this seasonable opportunity I cannot refrain from drawing the attention of those concerned to the very practical hints and advice given in the editorial remarks of this journal for the week ending January 18 of the current year, upon the subject of heating power and its arrangements. So far as my experience goes, this is a subject with which many gardeners are not so well acquainted as they might be, and therefore the study of it cannot well be too strongly impressed on the minds of all young men, and especially those whose ambition leads them to make efforts to excel in their profession. In those houses where a considerable amount of heat is absolutely necessary, as, for instance, in fruiting compartments and others which contain plants on the point of entering the same state, the warming appa- ratus must of necessity be kept almost incessantly hot, and as a natural consequence a certain amount of aridity will ensue unless the ordinary means of sprinkling or syringing be vigorously enforced. See therefore that such daily attention be regularly given, and take advantage of opportune times — when the pipes are least hot— to well saturate the surroundings of these. In light structures and in lofty ones the plants will need to be syringed overhead much more frequently than in low and damp places. The neces- sity of this operation can be promptly ascertained by examining the base of the leaves— if the axils contain moisture none need be given in this way, until that which exists is nearly exhausted. As far as possible avoid wetting the fruit during the flowering process, as from this cause, especially at this season of the year, discoloration of the flesh of the fruit at the base of the flower often proceeds. At about this time the Queens and other varieties for the summer supply of fruit will be about emerging from the sockets of the plants. In order, therefore, to afford these every encouragement to throw themselves up w-ell above the foliage full regard to matters ot detail, as watering, bottom-heat, &c., should have prompt and regular attention, and a night temperature of 65° to 70", and about 75° in the daytime should be kept up. Keep later successional plants and suckers likewise at about the same temperature as was before indicated. Take advantage of suitable opportunities to have materials in hand in readiness for making up exhausted beds, and for potting purposes. G. T. Miles, Wyeombe Abbey. Orchard-house. — It was stated two weeks ago that the trees in early forcing houses would be pro- gressing well. Careful management was recom- mended, and certainly the weather has been such that if great care has not been taken in regulating the heat and ventilating the house carefully every day, the trees are not likely to go on well. Cultivators, too, are finding out that it is much better to have houses efficiently heated at first. A few pounds more expended in having a boiler rather larger than is required, and in placing a few extra lengths of hot- water pipes when the houses are erected, is money well spent ; certainly the value of such has been well proved this winter, in other erections besides early orchard-houses. However, it is in such houses that the penny-wise and pound-foolish method of doing things has been carried out, more than it has in any other form of glass structure. The keen east winds we have had during the last week or two, with the thermometer ranging from 27° to about 35", has necessitated as much firing as the frosts before Feuri'.arv I, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 143 Christmas, when the tcmpeiatuie fell to 12° I'ahr. There is clanger, too, that the atmosphere may become too dry ; but this can be avoided by sprinkling the paths when necessary. An experienced person can tell by simply going inside the house whether this is so or not. Amateurs and others that have not much experience may place in the house a hygro- meter, which may be purchased for a siaiall sum ; and as the dry bulb answers all the purposes of a thermo- meter, the extra expense only should be reckoned. Our trees in the late house are looking well as yet ; the young wood is as healthy and clean as it ever was. The buds are not yet sufficiently advanced to suffer from the se\erest weather. We merely keep the temperature high enough to prevent the soil from freezing in the pots, and if the mercury falls to the freezing point or a degree or two below it there is no harm done. Sometimes injury is done to trees in pots that are standing close to the hot-water pipes at such times, from the soil becoming too dry before it is noticed ; and those pots that were top-dressed require the greatest attention. The surface-soil contains few active roots and holds much water, while that at the bottom is full of fibrous roots closely pressed together. This deceives the inexperienced who may be trusting to the state of the surface merely. If the pot is tapped with the knuckles about tlie middle it will produce a dull heavy sound, like that of tapping a vessel full of water, while a pot that is rather dry will produce a sort of ring like that of an empty vessel. Having a well-grounded belief that prevention is better than cure, the house is well fumigated with tobacco-smoke two or three times during this month. ?. Douglas Orange-house. — Trees in flower at this time gene- rally produce very finely flavoured fruit about October, or the Tangierine variety would be ripe in September. I have had the trees well covered with blossoms thus early, but do not always get a good set. If the weather is dull and cold great care is necessary ; the atmo- sphere should be rather dry, with a night temperature of from 55° to 60°, with a good increase by day, and the blossoms ought to be artificially impregnated : there is always plenty of pollen and well developed flowers. A few of the blossoms may be dewed over with a small syringe. When the fruit is set syringe freely, and keep up the temperature to 60° ; in this respect the Orange is not over particular, and will do well with 5° more or less. And it is this characteristic of the Orange tree that makes it so useful in furnishing vacant spaces in Pine or Cucumber houses, or indeed any structure where the trees are not overshaded. J. Douglas, Lox ford Hall, Figs. — The weather of the past two months having been unusually severe early forcing has not made rapid progress, the trees started at the usual time in November being much later than they were under more favourable conditions at a corresponding period last year. Fortunately the fine dry autumn favoured the ripening of the wood, and the show of fruit is abundant and promising : healthy young roots are also plentiful and ready to make up for lost time when this long tedious black frost gives way to the invigor- ating influence of light and sunshine, but until this much desired change takes place steady firing, just sufficient to maintain the heats given in my last paper, will be found the safest, and in the end the most satisfactory course to pursue. Much may be done by the use of blinds for running down over the glass at night, and the judicious introduction of fermenting material for the purpose of economising and counter- acting the drying influence of fire-heat ; but great care must be observed in its preparation, particularly if fresh horse-manure is used, and a little air should be left on at the apex of the house to allow the ' ammonia to escape. Syringe the trees, and watch closely for red-spider, which may be expected to put in an early appearance after so much firing ; stop all gross shoots at the sixth leaf, and thin outside shoots and useless spray that the young spurs and fruit may have the benefit of air and light as the season advances. The thinning of the fruit should also have attention as soon as the most promising and best placed can be decided upon for the crop. Trees that have been a long time under good artificial treatment invariably show more fruit than they can bring to maturity. Hence the importance of thinning before the last swelling takes place — the tantalising stage at which the Fig sometimes casts its finest fruit, when those left, owing to the check the trees have received, lack the flavour that gives value to one of our finest additions to the dessert. Encourage succession- houses by giving fire-heat and moisture through the day, keep the borders well mulched, and give plentiful supplies of tepid water to the roots ; but carefully avoid a high night temperature until we have a change to ensure genial weather. Trees that were struck from eyes last season should now be encouraged with warmth and moisture, as future success depends upon getting an early and thoroughly ripened growth. Remove all ground suckers, stop the strongest shoots, and train the leaders to straight stakes. Put in cut- tings or eyes of favourite kinds, plunge in bottom- heat, and treat as Vine eyes. Plants raised from single buds and grown on clean straight stems always make the best pyramids. IV. Cole man. Str.wviserries I.N' Pots. — Forcing operations are still of a precarious nature, owing to the continued severity of the weather, and the fact that (in this neighbourhood at least) there is almost a total absence of anything approaching clear light, much less actual sunshine. In the midst of such a state of things, when Nature seems as it were to frown upon her most delicate productions, there is no belter remedy than to keep plants barely moving, and to take advantage of such occasional blinks of light or sunshine, as the case may he, of admitting a little air through thick tiffany or canvas. The air should be admitted only from above the plants, a; in that case it becomes warmed with the internal air belore it comes in contact with the tender organs of (he flowers. Plants that are in flower should be watered on the mornings of fine days, one hand being em- ployed to prevent the leaves and flowers from being saturated, and also to protect the" crown, "which some- times suffers through the constant application of water and a close atmosphere. 'I'he air of the house should be dry for acouple of hours each day, in order to secure favourable conditions for fertilising. This is quickly performed with a feather duster, going over the flowers gently each day until there is a good crop set, after which all superfluous flowers and deformed fruits should be removed. Black Prince is rather capricious at this season, the first set of flowers often coming green : this is an unpleasant contingency, as it re- tards the crop, but the second flowers are sure to be of a normal type, and yield a superior supply of fruit. IF. Hinds, Ottcrspool. PL.iNT HOUSES. Orchids. — Burlingtonia fragrans and B. venustura will now be pushing up their spikes ; both species grow best in baskets suspended in the coolest end of the East Indian-house. Two-thirds sphagnum and one-third peat makes a good material for their roots to run in. When doing well many roots will push through the peat and sphagnum and grow in a downward direction for a foot or two below the basket. Burlingtonias require to be kept thoroughly moist always, and it is of great importance that the a(;rial roots get well moistened either by being dipped or syringed ; during the summer and autumn syringing the plants all over ansv/ers well, as it waters and cleans them at the same time. The same treatment will suit B. Candida. This species formerly fetched very high prices, but I believe a well-bloomed plant of B. fragrans cannot be surpassed for beauty and fragrance. The Brazflian Oncidiums crispum, Marshallianum, Forbesii, concolor, curtum, and prictextum should be closely examined, to see if the treatment they are under is keeping them vigorous. Previous to 1S75 one and all of these Oncidiums were rare plants. Even O. crispum, which had lieen in cultivation several years, was only represented by sickly-looking small plants. In the years 1S75 and 1876 large importations of the first four named varieties were received in this coun- try, and were eagerly bought up by all lovers of Orchids. These "plants quickly produced strong breaks, healthy roots, and marvellous spikes, to the great delight of every one concerned. It did not seem to matter much what system was adopted in growing them, for they did equally well on bare blocks, mossed blocks, in baskets or in pots. Now I have carefully watched the behaviour of these plants for the last three years, and I have come to the conclusion that although [hey grew away so satisfactorily at first, the majority of them are now showing signs of exhaustion. Espe- cially is this the case with thooc that have been grown on bare blocks. To make matters worse, mealy-bug, v,'hich was scarcely to be seen for the first two years, now comes up from the crevices of the rhizome in countless numbers. As regards the block plants, many suppose it is the block at fault, but as a fact fresh imported plants will grow as well on the old blocks as on blocks fresh cut from the tree ; again, some of the imported plants came over on branches that had evidently been dead for a long time. There is I think a very important something which these plants meet with in their native habitats and which they do not meet with in this country. What that something is I do not know, but I often wish some one would analyse Brazilian and English-grown bulbs, as that might throw some light on the subject. It behoves all growers to find out that kind of cultivation which will keep these Oncidiums for the longest time in a vigorous state ; otherwise I feel sure they will, lacking fresh importations, become as rare as ever. The best plants I have yet seen have been growing for four years in an intermediate-house within a few inches of the roof-glass, potted in peat and sphagnum and kept nearly as moist ,as plants of Odonloglossum crispum. Long, boat-shaped, Teak baskets Idled with peat and sphagnunr will grow O. Marshallianum very strong. We have this year grown O. concolor very strong on a Vew block surfaced with peat. The present is a good time to shift any block plants into pots ; after being thoroughly cleaned they should be potted with their leading gro\vth an inch or two above the peat and sphagnum : this secures good drainage and also allows the young roots to either enter the compost or travel down the outside of the pot. Cattleya maxima proves to be a very beautiful and useful winter flowering Cattleya. We have had plants of it in flower ever since last November : one bulb, not more than two-thirds the size of some of the imported ones, threw a spike with seven flowers. In spite of the ridiculously low prices this Cattleya fetched when imported, it will I'.ever surprise me to see good estab- lished plants of it equal in price to good plants of the ordinary varieties of Lxlia elegans. Of Cattleya maxima there are two distinct varieties, one with bulbs from I foot to 2.^ feet long, the other with bulbs that never exceed 6 inches. The former is by far the most floriferous, while the latter has belter shaped .and higher coloured flowers, it is also very rare. The tall variety does best in two-thirds peat and one-third sphagnum. It should be stood on the centre stage of the Cattleya- house, and be kept well watered at all times. The short variety will grow best suspended in a pot and kept much drier. Plants of Zygopetalum Mackayi, which have grown so large as to be unmanageable, should now be broken up and potted in a compost of two-thirds fibry loam, one-sixth broken crocks .and charcoal, and one-sixth chopped sphagnum. The Dove plant (Peristeria elata) must now be well rested in the intermediate-house ; it will require but fewwater- ings from now until it shows its spikes. Dendrobium Wardianum, crassinode, Boxallii, and primulinum, that have their flowers well advanced, should be placed in the lightest part oftheEastlndian-house loopen. Small plants of the charming D. Ainsworthii should only be allowed to open one or two flowers, just to determine the variety — a good rest will insure strong breaks. The following are the most suitable night tempera- tures for the various houses during the present month : Masdevallia and Odonloglossum-house, 50°; Cattleya, intcrniediate and Mexican houses, 55' ; East Indian, 60'. The day temperatures should range 5° higher by fire-heat. J. C. SJyers, Burford Lodge, Dorking. SUMMARY OF METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS IN THE YEAR 1S7S 0 \J iVllMi 1 Lv J. GLAISHER, Esq , F.R.S. TAKEX AT BLACKHEATH. T.ONDOX. S.E, 1873. Months. January February . . Barometer. Tehpekathre of the Air. Mean Tem- perature. Wind. 0 0-0 = 3 Rain. >. E . Relative Proper- .1 , Mean Read- ing Re- duced to :i2'Fahr. Depar- ture from Average of 37 Years. to (6 1 o-S 45-.3 47.0 35.7 37.3 0 S ¥ 9.6 10.3 < 13 JZ 40.6 42.4 „ 0 s a "0 a, s rt bn N. tions of to S £7. ^-S E. S. W. 0 " < In. 29.9S0 30 096 29.BS7 29.655 29 616 29.769 29859 29583 29 820 29607 29.569 29 54-: In. 4-0,232 57°- 3 '26°.! 61.2 25.1 +'i5 -t-3-4 36 5 38 9 ib. 0.7 04 10 6 2 5 9 9 10 8 7.6 77 II II In. 1. 01 I. 12 0.95 -fo.isi 'sS-o'^S 9 32.1 49.9 .30.4 '3-5 42.4 -fog 36.4 1.0 " 4 3 13 to 6.6 9 April May.. June July.. .. August September .. October November . . December .. —0 108 ,68.3 277 —0.170 75 5-7 5 4^.6 ,8.0 58.2 64.8 39 1 47-.'; 18 .t) 17-3 47'- 54-5 -fro -fi.6 42 3 1 0 47.8 1.3 4 3 9 4 11 13 " 15 21 3-57 3 95 — o.o+s 90 2 44-'' -fo,0!6 87.5 44 3 — o.2og 77.8 49. S -f 0.016 76.6 37' —0.095 74 0 30-9 -0.174 53.628.7 — C.25I 56.2 15.9 40.2 43 2 28.0 38. 8 43.1 24.9 40 3 71. 1 73-7 59.2 44.0 37-5 51.4 55.2 55.8 49.3 45.2 28.7 19.7 .8.5 15-3 17 .u 14 0 8.5 8.8 14 3 59-4 62 6 61.8 56.6 51-5 39-7 33.8 49-1 1 ! -1-0.3 4-0.5 -t-o.5 0.2 -t-l-4 -3 3 -6.1 51.8, 0 7 55.0; 0.6 55.1 1.0 SO 4! 0.8 46.1; 0.7 35-7i0 9 31 .o| c.4 2 7 2 14 7 9 7 8 2 9 I 2 9 14 7 6 5 3 6 6 .2 6,4 6.4 s.« 6-r 7-7 8.2 13 10 17 10 12 IS 14 4.C0 0.5S 5.27 0.96 1.80 3 53 1.32 Means 59. 749 —0025 69.7 32.6 36. 9'57-4'43-i -1-03 43 .9^ 0.8 Sum J' Sum 95 1 "5 Sum ! Sum 68 Mean 15S 28,^7 Sum Sum 144 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February i, 1879, \ THE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY i, 1879. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUINGfWEEK. Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Feb J \ ^^'*^ ^^ Nursery Stock at Cranston's Nur- "* \ series, Hereford, by Protheroe & Morris, p . f Sale of French Roses, Japanese Lihes, 5 -J Spir3;as, GladioH, &c., at Stevens' Rooms. Feb. 6— Meeting oftlie Linuean Society, at fi P.M. t- L / Sale of Greenhouse Plants, at Wickhain, ''^"- ' I Newbury, by Protheroe & Morris Y , g / Sale of Roses, Fruit 'I'rees, Bulbs, &c., at "'"■ " I Stevens' Rooms. GARDENERS have more or less completely under their command two great factors in plant growth, namely, heat and moisture. Light, ho\vever, an equally important matter, is much less under their control, more especially in forcing. At present, though they can diminish it, they have little power to increase it. It is not impossible that at some time or other the electric light may be turned to account in forcing operations, for the action of the light on plants is the same in kind, if not in degree, as that of the solar ray. This, however, seems a remote possibility — not so the measurement of the amount of light at our dis- posal. We have thermometers and hygro- meters, which indicate the amount of heat and moisture of the atmosphere, and which are in- valuable in our plant-houses, but a simple light-measurer is still a desideratum. There are such instruments, but at present, however use- ful for scientific purposes, they are not applic- able for the rough-and-ready use of the garden. Our purpose now is to call attention to the Influence of Light on the Ripening of Grapes — a subject discussed at great length in a learned paper by M. Albert L^vy, in the current number of the Annales Agrenoniiqucs. M. L^VY rightly says that the ripening of the Grape presents much complexity, from the variety of the chemical and physiological pro- cesses concerned, and no clear explanation of it can be obtained without having simultaneous recourse to meteorolog)', chemistry, and veget- able physiology. M. LEVY'S main object in the paper before us is to ascertain what is the principal agent which determines the degree of acidity in ripe Grapes under equal conditions of soil, altitude, &.c. It is known for certain that the acids increase absolutely and regularly up to a certain period, and then gradually decrease till maturation occurs. The amount of sugar also increases regularly, but slowly, till the period of maturation, when the increase becomes very rapid. As the Grapes ripen, the formation of sugar is checked before the dimi- nution in the quantity of acids has arrived at its lowest point. The ripening process of Grapes is then attended with two concomitant pheno- mena, rapid and continued increase of sugar progressive diminution, both absolute and relative, of acids. There does not appear to be any definite correspondence between these phe- nomena, nor can it be asserted positively that the sugar is the direct product of the acids. In 1875, '876, 1877 the proportions between the acid and the sugar were found to be most irregular, and with a view to aid in the unravel- ling of this problem M. LivY's observations have been published. First of all he discusses the influence of meteorological conditions on the product in the quantity and quality of the crop, and this leads us to the subject of the influence of light and the mode of measuring it to which we alluded in the commencement. M. L^VY has no difficulty in showing that there is no definite relation between the amount of heat, as expressed in the sum-total of heat received during the growing period, and the quantity or quality of the juice of the Grape. The records of maximum and minimum tempera- tures, whether absolute or average, aftbrd no clearer indications. The disproportion between the amount of sugar and of the acids in the Grape at the ripening period is not explained by the ther- mometric record. Moreover, the produce of the Vine is neither the greatest in quantity nor the best in flavour when the temperature is highest. Turning then to the rainfall, M. L£vy shows that the indications afforded by the rain gauge, considered separately, are equally insufficient to account for the difterences in the quality of the Grape. Atmospheric moisture, as measured by the hygrometer, affords no clearer indica- tions. There remains then to be considered the influence of light ; and here we are met with the difficulty that meteorological observers at present can offer us only vague and at best approxi- mative estimates. The expressions, " clear," " cloudy," " overcast," and the like, arc much too vague, and too much dependent on personal observation, often defective, and almost useless for purposes of comparison. Nevertheless, by means of observations of this kind co-related with the indications of the thermometer for the same period, M. L^VY is led to suspect the existence of a certain co-relation between the influence of certain meteorological agents and the preponderance of certain ingredients in the Grape. Is it not possible, he says, that the in- crease or diminution of the sugar may depend on the excess or defect of temperature while the corresponding variations in the amount of acidity depend on similar fluctuations in the amount of light ? In discussing the probabilities of this suggestion M. L^VY enters upon an examination of the physiology of the Vine in growth from the period when it begins to grow, and to bleed, till the consummation in the ripening of the fruit. We may refer to these points hereafter. In the meantime we may give M. LivY's summary as follows : — There are in the growth of the Vine, as of other plants, two different periods and two distinct sets of pheno- mena— assimilation, which takes place in the leaves and which depends principally on the action of light, and maturation or the elaboration of the materials accumulated during the first stage. Heat and Ught are both required for this latter process, but to what extent and in what proportions we cannot say. For the cultivator the importance of assimilation resides principally in the fact that it determines the amount of the crop, while on the maturation depends its quality. The botanist's 'investigations end before those of the cultivator. To the botanist it matters little that the Grapes are sour or sweet — the Grapes are ripe in a botanical sense when the seed is formed and in a fit state to germinate. But for the cultivator the Grapes cannot be considered ripe until the constituents of the fruit have become so adjusted as to produce Grapes of the best quality for the table or for vintage purposes. Botanists and physiologists have, to some extent, ignored these latter class of changes, which nevertheless are all-important to the cultivator, and to them the attention of chemists and physicists should be drawn. Thus it has been shown that heat and moisture are incapable of accounting for the variations in the amount of sugar and acid which the same ^'ine will yield in difterent seasons. Light alone can give us the key to the solution of the problem. As heat acts by aug- menting the sugar, so light may act by diminish- ing the acid. A light sunny spring, if the weather be sufficiently hot and dry, ensures the abundance of the crop for the season. A hot summer, if sufficiently light, consolidates the buds and tissues for ne.xt year's growth — rijjens the wood, as we say. But the quality of the fruit as it hangs on the Vine depends on the combinedaction of heat andlightduringripening, so that in proportion as the temperature is high at that period ^^■ill be the amount of sugar, while in proportion to the dryness and amount of light will be the rapid diminution of acid. Abundant crops succeed to dry, bright springs ; sweet, highly-flavoured Grapes are the products of hot autumns, e\'en if damp and cloudy, but we never obtain perfectly ripe Grapes — in the culti- vator's sense — nor wine of the first quality in which the sugar and other elements are in well balanced proportions, except in seasons when the ripening takes place in a hot, bright autumn, when the sky is clear, the atmosphere translucent, permitting the solar rays to act on the Vines for as long a period as possible and with a maximum degree of intensity. To determine with certainty the effect of light we stand in need, as we ha\e said, of some instrument which will measure the amount of force which may be accumulated in the soil and in the plant through the medium of solar radia- tion. Such an instrument we have in our black- bulb thermometer, the indications of which, however, for reasons we need not here enter into, are not perfectly trustworthy. M. \A\\ describes a better form of apparatus, which he calls the Arago-Davy light-measurer, and which consists of two thermometers in juxta- position, one with a plain, the other with a blackened bulb, and so placed that in darkness they register exactly alike, but directly they are exposed to light the temperature in the black bulb rises more than in the plain bulb. The difference then between the two thermo- meters sen-es to express the amount of solar radiation. The advantage of the French in- strument over the English black bulb is that in the former the two thermometers are in juxtaposition, and placed under identical con- ditions, while the records of the black bulb are compared with those of a thermometer placed at a distance in the shade — that is to say, under very different conditions from the other. The French instrument is used and recommen- ded by M. Marie-Davy, the head of the obser- vatoiy at Mont Souris — an observatory specially founded to investigate the influence of meteo- rological conditions on the life of plants and animals. It is intended to do for medicine, agriculture, and horticulture what other observatories do for the navigator and the astronomer. With the aid of the instrument we have mentioned M. Levy has set himself to work to accumulate facts bearing on the influ- ence of light, especially on the ripening pro- cess of Grapes, and he has already obtained results which permit the suggestion as a reason- able hypothesis that the respiration of fruits, an oxidising process, or slow combustion, as a result of which the acids disappear, is specially favoured by the influence of light. Hence the diminished quantity of acid in the ripening of Grapes depends upon the amount of light which the Vines are exposed to at that period. Topro\e this experimentally and show its truth by means of figures is M. LfivY's object, and we wish him all success. The Old Coric Oak at FuLHA>r Palace. — The engraving on p. 145 (fig. 22) represents one of the oldest and finest Cork Oak trees in the country. The engra\-ing was executed from a photograph taken for us by .Mr. Arthur Smith in the autumn of last year. The tree has passed its prime, having been planted at Fulham, probably by Bishop Compton, more than 200 years since. At breast height the tree girths about 10 feet. It is a fine specimen, but needs the support of Ivy-clad props. From the acorns numerous seedlings have been raised. The Cork Oak, Q. Suber, is a native of Southern Europe and Northern Africa. When the tree is about fifteen years old its bark is removed by incisions in such a manner that no injury is done to the tree. After eight or nine years the process can be repeated. The outermost layers form the " male cork," which is of little value, except in the form of " virgin cork." After their removal new corky layers are formed in the denuded bark, which constitute the female cork, or cork of commerce. The tree at Fulham stands in the angle between the jialace and the newly-erected ch.apel, on the walls of which latter Ivies of various kinds are placed, some of which have made extra- ordinary growth, especially the Silver Ivy. Vebruary I, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 145 The Roman IIvacintii.— The early-bloom- ing small-flowered Hyacinth, so useful for early forc- ing, has come inco fashion of late years, and has not been cultivated here, at least on a large scale, till within the last dozen years or so. As some interest has been excited concerning the history of this plant we supply what information we have been able to glean on the subject, leaving, as will be seen, some gaps still to be filled up. Our first inquiry was of M. ICkelace. of Haarlem, who tells us that to the best of his knowledge the Roman Hyacintli was in cultiva- and smaller flowers, and these are produced later and later, the bidbs themselves becoming larger. In Vilmorin's Flcurs lie rUinc /arc mention is made of " I'aris Hyacinths," which it is stated only differ from Dutch Hyacinths, of which they are probably varieties, in being hardier, and having less dense spikes of bloom. Among these "Paris Hyacinths" two varieties are noted — one Blanc de Montague, the Hyacinthus albulus of Jordan, the other " Romaine Blanche," the Hyacinthus pra;cox of Jordan. The Paris gardeners plant the bulbs in small pots in shores of the Mediterranean, but how it got its name of Roman is not so clear. It has nothing to do with Hyacinthus (or Bellevalia) romanus. Mr. Baker {Joitrn. Linn. Soc. London, xi., 426) considers both these forms as varieties of PI. orientalis, of which they are the Southern representatives. PvKUS Maulei. — A correspondent, writing of this beautiful shrub, refers to a paragraph at p. 18 of our present volume relating to Colonel Prze- ^VALSKy's explorations in Central Asia, wherein it is P'IG. 32. — THE OLD COKlv TREE AT FULIIAM PALACE. (SEE 1'. I44.) tion in Holland forty to fifty years ago as a curiosity rather than as an article of commerce. In Germany, on the other hand, there was a regular sale of the b.dbs, though not to a large extent. M. Krelagi!, who in 1831) directed a branch establishment of his firm in Frankfort, used regularly to import from Hol- land several hundreds of bulbs, so as to supply flowers l)X Christmas. For this purpose they were grown tireeinapot and forced. M. ICkelage's firm was the first, we believe, who dealt largely in Roman Hyacinths for foreign exportation. M. Krelage further tells us that the plant is probably a native of the South, perhaps Italy. If planted in the open ground in northern climes the bulbs gradually produce fewer August and September, and begin to force them about the first fortnight in October, to have them in flower on the file of St. Charles, November 4. In Jordan and Fourreaux's splendid /cones Plant. Euro/', may be found a good figure of the Roman Hyacinth, under the name of Hyacinthus prcecox, with a botanical description and an indication of the native country, Liguria (Genoese Riviera). We do not find the plant mentioned, however, in any Flora of that region. H. albulus, which is very nearly allied, is figured also, and is said to grow wild in the South of France, at Grasse. It would seem, then, that the Roman Hyacinth originated from one or the other of these two forms, growing wild along the stated that Apples of a yellowish green colour and of an agreeably sweet acid taste were found in profusion. Our correspondent suggests that this Apple may have been the origin of I^yrus Maulei. Some intercourse may have taken place between Central Asia and Japan, and the "Apple" introduced from one to the other. We give the theory for what it is worth ; in the meantime it is certain that these Russian discoveries are of the greatest interest geographically and botanically. Flower Show Rules and Regulations. —The time will soon arrive when the committees of the many horticultural societies throughout the country will be making their arrangements for the coming 146 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [VrnRUARY T, 1S79. season's exhibition campaign. And in the inlerebt of all concerned it may not be out of place to urge upon those entrusted with the preparation of prize schedules the neces-sity that exists for making the rules which regulate the competition clear and definite. This is a condition not by any means always fulfilled, as is evident by the frequency with which queries are put to us as to the interpretation which the wording of some particular regulation admits of, and which is often as perplexing to those engaged in making the awards as to the exhibitors. Although we are quite ready to acknowledge the principle frequently incul- cated in connection with legal matters, "that the spirit is preferable to the letter," yet in the case of such competitions as we are considering any deviation from the strict letter of the rules, no matter what were the intentions of those who framed them, cannot be made without doing an injustice to those exhibitors who act in perfect conformity with the rules as they exist. Bearing upon the subject of horti- cultural exhibitions, we may point to one matter in which the promoters frequently defeat the object they have in view, that of bringing together as extensive and imposing a display as possible, with which intention they offer prizes for collections of plants, ilowers, fruits, .and vegetables, with no limit attached to them except the minimum, that is, e.ach exhibit must con- sist of not less than so many plants, dishes of fruit, dishes of vegetables, &c., but as many beyond the specified number as the individual exhibiting chooses. The frequent result of this is that many are deterred from entering the competition on account of their inability to judge what they may have to compete against — often, unless they hap|)en to be of an excep- tionally sanguine temperament, anticipating their opponents' productions to be collectively stronger than they turn out to be. Those who on this account do not put in their appearance frequently have the best grown examples, yet limited in number of varieties they culti- vate, and do not care to run the risk of being beaten by quantity rather than quality. Another objection att.ached to unlimited competition, is that it is alw.ays liable to m.ake the judging imsatisfactory both to the individuals officiating as well as to the exhibitors. Follov/ing the same principle, dishes of fruit of all the larger kinds, especially such as Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, Plums, Pears and Apples, should consist of a fixed number. Where this has not been stated in the schedule we have seen, even in exhibitions of sufficient importance to warrant the supposition that nothing would have been left in a loose indefinite way, some of the collections with dishes of Peaches and Nectarines consisting of a couple of dozen each, which caused the work of judging to be much more difficult. In the case of groups wherein general suitability of the plants col- lectively for the purpose required and effective arrangement of the whole is more the test of merit than the quality of the indvidual specimens, the sp.ice covered should be strictly defined and adhered to, any extension beyond the limits disqualifying those in- fringing the regulations. Pryal's Golde.v Cypress. — The Editor of the Califoniian Horticulturist states that during a visit to the nurseries of A. D. Pryai., on the Temes- cal Creek, some four miles from Oakland, California, he saw the original tree of Pryal's (Jolden Cypress, which he describes as "a seedling of marked cha- racter from the well-known C. pyramidalis. The deep yellow blotches nm into the branches, and even show on the cones. The compact growth and evenly distributed variegation make this a promising novelty.'' Mr. Hil.DEiiRANDT, the well-known traveller in Eastern .\frica, after a brief st.iy in London, has left on his way to Madagascar, where he intends studying the natural history, &c., of the country. Few countries offer so inviting a field to the explorer and naturalist as Madagascar, but the difficulties travellers have to encounter are very great. Nevertheless we hope Mr. Hildebrandt will succeed in introducing into Europe some of the peculiar plants, as he has already from Eastern Africa. One of this most inte- resting introductions from the latter country is the Dracrena schizantha. Baker. This is a gigantic species, nearly related to D. Draco, and found by HlLDEBRAN'DT in great abundance. The Deutsclie Gartner Zciliing for January I, p. 9, contains a woodcut representation of a young plant, and a de- scription of it by Dr. Karl Koch. Persons wishing to procure this or any other of IIildeeran'dt's intro- ductions should coinmunicate with Ilerrn Rektor RousEE, 14, Nostizstrasse, Berlin, S.W. We may add that the Ouvirandra Hildebrandtii, mentioned more than once in these columns, and more fully noticed at p. 1 10 of the present volume, is not one of the lattice-leaved section. It is really an Aponogeton, and a t)pical Ouvirandra is an Aponogeton with lattice-like leaves. I'Ai'EK Flowers. — We are glad to see t!ie German horticultural Press condemning the manu- facture of the staring paper Howers, which have to some extent found their w'.ay into this country. Even for decorating on a large scale they are in- tolerable, and now that the art of drying flowers has been brought to such perfection they are unnecessary. Not much less odious than p.iper flowers are artificially dried natural flowers dyed some impossible colour. If we are not satisfied with Nature, let us make a purely conventional design, not try to improve Nature. We have perhaps as much in this country that is bad in design as any country could produce, particularly in wall papers, carpets and ladies' attire. The " Botanisciie Zeitung." — We see that Professor A. de Bary has undertaken the sole Editorship of the Botanisciie Zcitimg, from the com- mencement of the present year. The principal articles in the number to hand are : — " On the Formation of Shoots on the Leaves of Isoeles," by K. Goehel ; and "Observations on Entophytal and Entozoical Vege- table Parasites," by P. ¥. Reinsch, with a double plate. This is a veryinteresting paper, so far as we have seen it, and we may perhaps find space for the sub- stance of it when we have seen the remainder. Some of Reinkcii's observations include some curious instances of one alga parasitical in the thallus of another, thus strengthening the algo-lichen theory of Swendener and others. The Winter in California.— We learn from the California:! Horticiiltiirist that the second week in December was characterised by a cold spell of marked severity ; and sad news is reported from every part of the State. Plants in their nature tender, which have stood several successive winters, have succumbed. In Alaineda County Lime and Citron trees were killed nearly to the ground, Lemons suffered, and also irrigated Oranges, and Orange buds have been injured in Los Angeles County. In most cases, however, a covering of straw protected Fuchsias, Pelargoniums, and similar plants. The writer advises the use of wisps of straw tied around the trunk for trees, and the top to be covered with a cloth. ■ Dr. Regei,.— The Deutsche Gartner Zeitung for Jan. I containsaportrait of Dr. E.Regel, together with an interesting sketch of his active and indus- trious career. Dr. Regel is one of those who has passed through every stage of his profession, from a gardener's apprentice to the distinguished position he now occupies as Scientific Director of the Botanic Garden at St. Petersburg. Dr. Paterson's Orchids. - Orchids were in flower last month son's collection at Bridge of Allan : — -The following n Dr. P.VTER- AnEectochilus Dawsonii Angraecum sesquipedaie Calan'he Veitchii ,, vestita rubra oculata Caltleya bulbosa ,, .Sytneii ,, Trianse ,, Warscewiczil Cii;lo2yne cristata Cypripedium barbatiim ,, insiyne ,, Maulei ,, pardiiium ,, venuslum ,, villosum Dendrobium aiu-eiim ,. Wardianum Epidendrum erectuin ,, exalluni ,, fragrans ,, rhizophorum La^lia albida ,, aiiceps ,, I'aikerii I La;lia superbiens Limatodts rosea I-ycaste Skinneri ' Masdevallia ii;nea ,, melanopus . , tovarensis MaxilLiria aurea (lavo ,. picla Neotlia picta maculata Odontoglossum Alexandr.x ,, Bictoniense ,, ,, majiis ,, cordatum „ Insleayi leopardinuni ,, Lindleyanum ,, loseiim ,, Rossii majus ,, Uro-Skiiineri Pleione humilis I SaccoIal»ium giganteiim ! Sophrnnitis grandiflora ,, vlolacea Zygopetalum Mackayi ,, maxillare ■ • Lettuce Disease. — Lettuces grown in fr.ames are often affected with a mildew which ulti- mately destroys them. JL Max Cornu, in a paper printed in the Coiiiptes Rendus for December 16, 1S78, and alluded to in the Rrvtie Mycologique, recom- mends growers to prevent the diffusion and local production of the parasite. If the parasite makes its appearance early, the culture of the Lettuce should be postponed ; if late, then the crop should be gathered before the appearance of the parasite. Care should be taken to avoid sowing with the seed debris which may contain spores of the parasite. The seeds, too, should be gathered from healthy plants, and all diseased leaves removed. Alkaline sulphurets might be tried, but care should be taken, in opening the frames, that the wind does not disseminate the spores. Each suspected frame should be opened separately, while the others are closed. The site for the frames should be changed each year, and fresh soil made use of. Excellent advice ; but only practi- cable, we fear, on a small scale. The mould is a species of Peronospora allied to that which produces the Potato disease. Royal Botanic Society. — At a meeting of this Society held last Saturday, Mr. GEORGE J. Symons, F.R.S., in the chair, the following letter from General PoNSOxnY was read : — " Osborne, J.anuary 17. " .Sir,— I have had the honour of laying before the Queen the address of condolence u-ansniitted by you Her Majesty, who sincerely appreciates this mark of sympathy, has commanded me to request that you will convey to his Serene Highness the Duke of Teck, and to llie Vice-Presidents and members of the Council of tlie Royal Botanic Society, the Queen's heartfelt thanks for their kind and feeling expression of condolence with Her Majesty in her sorrow. — I have, &c. (Signed), " Henry F. Ponsonby.- "To W. Sowerby, Esq." Mr. Sy.mons, in reviewing the meteorological register kept in the Society's gardens, remarked that the temperature of the Regent's Park was generally colder than that of the surrounding neigh'oourhood ; but, although the temperature of the last eight or nine weeks had not been exceptionally low, the con- tinuance of even a slight frost steadily for so long a period was remarkable, and not common in London and its vicinity. Destruction of Voung Wood by Hares. — Mr. Reid, of Wick, writing to Land and Water, states that during the late snowstorm much damage has been done to the young plantings along the Caith- ness and Sutherland Railway line. The mountain or varying hare (Lepus variabilis) came down from the hills in great numbers, and barked all the young trees along the line for a considerable distance, or at least as many of them as showed themselves above the snow. These trees were planted by order of the Duke of Sutherland, and were thriving so well that it was believed that in the course of a few years longer they would be of considerable service in keep- ing off the snow-drift in that exposed district. It is much to be feared that many of the hitherto thriving plants will die in consequence of this rather unusual occurrence. Manchester Royal Botanical and Horticultural Society. — We have received a copy of the schedule of prizes — as liberal and compre- hensive as heretofore — for the Annual Grand National Horticultural Exhibition to be held in the g.irdens at Old Tralford from May 30 to June 6 inclusive. The Mistleto and Mountain Asii. — In the gardens at Dangstein some young trees of the Mountain Ash present a very novel and striking appearance by the stems being co\ered with numerous plants of Mistleto in various stages of growth. This has been brought about by simply making slight incisions in the bark and inserting in each a matured fruit, previously crushing the skin so that the viscid matter m.ay enable it to adhere more firmly to the bark. By this simple process young deciduous trees upon which this interesting parasite has a tendency to grow naturally when they have attained a large size may in a comparatively short time be covered with large pendent bushes, thus rendering them artificially evergreen during the time they would be otherwise bare. Destruction of an Ancient O.ak in Windsor Park. — It is reported in the daily papers that an ancient Oak, affirmed to be the oldest (with the exception of that once known as Heme's Oak), and situated in the " Roundabout " in the Home ]~F.l!Rl"AUY I, IS79.] ^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICL IS. 147 I'ark, between Windsor Castle and Frogmoie House, was destroyed by fire on the evening of Janitnry 22. The accident is supposed to have been caused by the hghting of some straw in a hole near the trunk for the purpose of driving out a ferret. A young man named Powell was injured by the fall of one of the branches. Okchius i\ Bloom at the Vicroiii.i .\.\D Paradise NuivSERIEs. — There is now a fine show of Orchids in bloom in Mr. B. S. Williams' nurseries, comprising many fine specimens of the beautiful Ctelogyne cristata, measuring from 2 to 3 feet across, which, covered with their beautiful white flowers and intermixed with the graceful foliage, make a charming effect. The Ccclogyne is one of the finest of winter-flowering Orchids, and may be adapted to many purposes, sucli as bouquet-making, the decoration of apartments, &c. There is also a line plant of the rare Sophronites violacea in flower. This species has mauve-coloured flowers, and makes a fine contrast to the scarlet variety, Sophronites grandi- flora, growing beside it. These plants are easily cultivated and take up very little room, owing to the small size of the plants ; they may therefore be grown by any one with a limited space at their disposal. The Royal Horticultural Societv. — The following correspondence, with reference to the death of the Princess Alice, has been sent us for publication. " Duffryn, .-^berdarc. "To Her Most Gracious Majesty, The Queen. " We, the President, Vice-Presidents, and Members of the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society, beg to approach your Majesty with the offering of our loyal and heartfelt sympathy in the painful bereavement recently suffered by your Majesty and the Royal Family by the death of your beloved daughter, the Princess Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse Darmstadt, who had endeared herself to all your Majesty's subjects by her noble qualities and genuine devotion to the good of all around her. We are deeply sensible how little words can do to Ughten the bitterness of such a loss. But your Majesty's sorrow touches the heart of every one of your devoted subjects ; and the Society we represent has received so many proofs of your Majesty's favour and interest that we cannot refrain from expressing our profound sym- pathy with an aliiietion wliich many circumstances have concurred to render especially poignant and trying. " On behalf of the Council, "January 22, 1879." (Signed) " Aberd.\re. " Osborne, Jan. 25, 1879. " Dear Lord .\BEEDAUE, — I am commanded by the Queen to request that you will return to the Vice-Pre- sidents and Members of the Council of the Royal Horti- cultural Society, and to accept yourself. Her Majesty's sincere thanks for the kind and feeling expressions of sympathy with the Queen in her sorrow, contained in the address you have transmitted to Her Majesty. ' ' 'Yours very truly, (Signed) "Henry F. Ponsonbv." The London Farmers' Clue. — The London Farmers' Club has again changed its head- quarters, and is now located at the Inns of Court Hotel, Holborn. From its programme (or the current year we learn that on Monday next Mr. J.v.mes Howard, Clapham Park, Bedford, will give an address on " Club-houses for Villages." On Klarch 3 Mr. W. ScoTso.v, Aigburth, Liverpool, will read a paper on " The Present Prospects and Future Aspects of our Home Agriculture." On April 7 the subject will be " The Law of Distress for Rent as it Affects the Farmer," on which Professor Wrightson will address the meeting. On May 5 Mr. F. .Street will treat of the "Management of Heavy Land." " The Future Aims of the Farming Interest " is the subject selected by Mr. J. G. Edwards, Broughton, Stockbridge, for November 3, and Mr. Clare Sewell Read, M.P., will draw attention to "The Working of the Education Acts in Rural Districts " on December 8. The meetings will now commence at 4 P.M. instead of 5.30 as heretofore, and the time of dining is fixed at 6 r.M. National Rose Society. — The meeting of the general committee of the Society was held at the rooms of the Horticultural Club on Wednesday last, R. G. N. Baker, Esq., of Heavitree, E.xeter, in the chair. There was a full attendance, and various parts of the country were represented. The schedules for the Crystal Palace and Manchester Exhibitions were finally arranged, some slight alterations having been made. Messrs. T. Francis Rivers, J. Burnabv Atkins, and Arthur G. Soames, were elected members of the executive committee. Drawings for a die for the Society's medal were submitted and approved ; and it was considered that the best way of increasing the number of members would be to obtain the services of some more local secretaries. Bir- mingham was suggested as a desirable and prob.able place of meeting for the provincial show in 1880. Horticultural Cluu. — The following gentlemen have been elected members of the Horli- cultural Club :— J. T. D. Li.EWELYN, Vnisygerwn Neath ; J. T. Strange, Aldermaston, Reading ; and Samuel M. Robins, Tyrwhitt Road, New Cross. Burton-ui'ON-Trent Floral and Hor- ticultural Society. — The exhibitions to be held this year in connection with this Society are fixed for June 25 and August 20. Institution of Surveyors. — The next meeting will be held on Monday evening, February 3, when the adjourned discussion on Mr. Hedley's two papers will be resumed ; and, should time permit, a paper will be read on " Contributive Value," by Mr. H. J. Castle, Sen. The chair to be t.akcn at 8 o'clock. The Frost in the Winter of 1739-40. —Mr. Justus Corderoy, of Blewberry, has favoured us with the following copy of a verse printed on the ice upon the Thames at Queenhithe, on January 28, 1740, taken from an old print in his possession : — " Behold the Liquid Th.\.\ies now frozen o'er That lately Silil'3 of mighty Burden bore, Here You may I'RINT your name, who cannot Write Cause numb'd with Cold : Tis done with great Delight, And lay it by ; That .\GES yet to come. May see what Things upon the Ice were done. "Mrs M . . . S " The We.ather. — While we have been ex- periencing cold of unusual intensity, and still more unusual duration, it appears that in some parts of the United States, as in Manitoba, the winter has been unusually mild. In November last {a cold month with us) the aver.age of the entire month was, accord- ing to a correspondent of Nature, 25°.73 higher than the average of the month for the past seven years. This is simply astounding. In Russia, too, we learn that the winter has been exceptionally mild. It becomes evident that weather charts embracing only a limited area of one continent are of little value in the endeavour to ascertain the laws of climate. From the report issued by the Meteorological Oflice, for the week ending January 27, we learn that the v/eather was generally fine in Scotland and the North oi England, and fine at some of the western stations on the 22d and 23d, but almost continuously over- cast and gloomy in the southern and eastern districts. The temperature was several tenths below the mean in all districts, the deficit ranging from 8' in " England, N.E.," and "Ireland, S.," to 11° in "England, S.W." The maxima was frequently lower than 35' over England and Scotland, and sometimes down to 32" ; and the minima was occasionally below 20° over England, Scotland, and the north of Ireland, the lowt'st reading of all (S') being registered at Durham on the 27th. The thermometer exposed on grass was as low as 4' at Cilenalmond (Scotland, E.) on the 25th. The rainfall was much less than the mean in all districts : none at all was reported from the Mid- land Counties and "England, N.W.," less than half a tenth of an inch in " England, E. and S.,'' Scot- land, W.," and "Ireland, S.,'' and not more than one-tenth in any other district. The fall in all places was principally in the form of showers of sleet or snow. The wind was norlh-easterly over all the more southern districts, and moderate to fresh in force ; south-easterly in the north at the commence- ment of the week, but south-westerly towards its close ; the latter breezes strong in force in the Hebrides and Shetlands. Garden Appointments. —Mr. J. Wig- gins, who was for a longnumber of years in the employ of the late Mr. Beck, of Isleworth, and since then has been foreman to Mr. Levesley, of the same place, has now transferred his services to Henry Little, Esq., of Hillingdon, near Uxbridge, where he will have charge of that gentleman's fine collec- tions of Amaryllis, Cyclamens, &c., and will have abundant opportunities to display his abilities as a grower of florists' flowers. I301UC Correspoiikiue. The Culford 'Vine Sport. — When I sent for the inspection ol the Editors of the Ganiciicrs' Chronicle a few small shoulders from a bunch of Grapes, the produce of eyes sent me by J\Ir. Grieve, which eyes sprung from an eye of the rod that produced a bunch of Golden Champion a year previously, I accom- panied them with a very hurriedly written note, wherein I used the expression "irrational " in regard to Grape culture. The term seemed to embody what I meant as well as any other, but as it seems to have hurt ISIr. Fish's feelings, I beg to withdraw it, and to explain to him what I meant when I used it, and he can give my meaning a more euphoniovis designation if he pleases. I suppose that Mr. I'ish is aware that many Grape growers syringe their Vines, bunches and all, in the afternoon when they shut up the house. In such cases they will find that the Golden Champion Grape will spot and decay. It is a large oval Grape with a tender skin, ami a large section of each berry will be in contact with its neighljour. Where this cont.act exists water will be held for a long time between the sides of the berries by capillary attraction, and by persistence in such a course the fruit will rot ; whereas in the case of perfectly round fruit with a tough skin, there are two reasons why this will not so readily take place. First the skin stands more moisture, and in the second it gets less, as the contact ot the berries is but small. When a man with a knowledge of Vine culture sees this, and uses his reason (acts rationally), he discontinues the syringing ; when he does not, he acts irrationally. Again, this same Vine is a vigorous, gross grower, and when planted in rich soil, and well watered, and especially if liquid manure^be used, it sends up more sap than the berries can contain, and they split. The man who plants in a poorer border, and gives less moisture, and if needs be cuts off some part of the supply of sap from the bunch by cutting the shoot that bears it half through, acts, from my point of view, rationally. Still further to illustrate what I meant, I take a case from Mr. Fish's own expe- rience. He had, or knew of Vines (for I quote from memory), the bunches on which when in bloom curled up, showing great signs of weakness. His remedy for this was to suspend a small stone from the point of every bunch. This, I think, was not such a remedy as a man with knowledge of his suliject, and using his reason, should have adopted, and therefore I think it was irrational, and that it would have been rational to have discovered whether or not the wood had been from some cause imperfectly ripened, or the roots in a medium that did not suit them, and to have applied the remedy to what I consider was the cause of the evil, instead of dealing with the effect. I hope Mr. Fish will now understand what I meant by the word I used ; and I think he will agree with me that it was in no way inappropriate. I notice that he him- self uses the term "rational" in his article in a con- temporary a fortnight ago, when on the subject of ventilating hothouses in winter, and of course those who differ with him in what he recommends wdll act irrationally from his point of view. Though in my own practice I have long discontinued syringing Grapes in any stage, I am not prepared to condemn it, seeing it is constantly recommended by clever writers. One in a contemporary a month ago recom- mended the syringing of Grapes in the morning 1 I am admonished by Mr. Fish that I ought to walk humbly, seeing I sent out the Golden Champion Grape Vine, and that so many have failed to grow it. My reply to this is that I fruited the Vine four years before I disposed of it, and that its fruit was admired by all who saw and tasted it. The late Mr. Thomas Osborn called on his usual business round, and, like a number of other nurserymen, expressed his anxiety to purchase it. I wished this deferred for another )ear, as I had not then fruited it on its own roots, and with that understanding we parted. He called at Archerfield, where my brother had it in fruit on its own roots — in a Peach-house, if I remember aright — and was so delighted with it that he got a bunch from my brother, and brought it back to me, to show me that it was even finer than with me at Dalkeith. I le sent tliis bunch on to his brother, and I engaged to let him have the Vine ; and I am certain that all who had the pleasure of Mr. Thomas Osborn's acquaintance will bear me out when I say that I never met a more honourable, upright man, or one that would be less likely to palm oft' anything on the public that he did not think would do himself credit. From that day till this, I have never failed to grow fine fruit of this Grape ; but because many have failed to grow it, am I to be charged by Mr. Fish and others with something little short of dishonesty ? I have no hesitation in saying that, excepting Muscats, there are no such white Grapes as the CJolden Cham- pion and Duke of Buccleuch ; and I have the courage of my opinion in this matter, as Mr. Fish will see if he will favour me with a visit next summer ; and I can promise him a hearty welcome, notwithstanding that we difliar on many subjects. He will then find a 148 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February i, 1879, house 200 feet long just planted with Golden Cham- pion and Dul^e of liuccleuch, to be fruited for the London market in May and June, where every pound weight of the fruit will make twice the money any other white tirape will, except Muscats, and there is no better place to test the value of a Grape than Covent Garden Market. While on the subject of new Grapes, I may state that I have purchased every new Grape offered in my day, and have dis- carded all save two ; yet I have not rushed into print to condemn them, for the reason that I may be to blame, and not the Grapes, I not having discovered the proper method of growing them. Mr. Fish may remember the fate of Lady Downe's till I discovered and made public the way to grow it. This ought to make us slow to condemn a new Grape. Mr. Fish implies that I considered that there were not as good judges of (1 rapes in England as in Scotland. Here he is entirely mistaken. If there is anything I detest more than another, it is that wretched provincialism that would arrogate to any section of the United Kingdom superior skill over another in such m.attcrs. I now take leave of this subject by saying, as I said before, that I never doubted Mr. Fish's honesty, or that of any one else who believed in the Culford Sport. I merely suggested that they were probably mistaken, as equally clever men had been before and since, about the identity of Grapes ; as, for instance, in the case of the Grape I sent recently to the Editors of the Garacncrs' Clironiclc. I and many others thought the Grape Trebbiano — the Editors were of the same opinion ; they, however, in their leader on the subject, say they sent berries of it to "a very competent authority," and he thought "it might be Tokay." Here Mr. Fish must observe how com- petent men differ. The Grape submitted to this authority was quite round ; now the Grape I know as Tokay is very much the shape of the Muscat — oblong — therefore we cannot both be right. //'. Thomson, TiaceJ Vineyard, jfan. 24. [The sample was very imperfect. Eds.] History of the Schoolmaster Potato. — In the month of April, 1S70, a packet of Potato seed was given to me by Mr. Edwin Bennett, of Enville Schools, who informed me that the seed had been sent him by a friend, and that it was of no use to him. I sowed the seed m the small Melon-house in the last week in the month, and when sufficiently large to handle the young plants were potted ofl" in small pots, and grown on until the first week in June, when they were planted out opposite the old range of plant-houses, and although the season was an exceptionally dry one the produce was most satisfac- tory, and some of the tubers of a very large size. I selected about fifty of the best — that is to s.ay, the most promising looking \'arieties — and again reduced their number before planting in the following spring. The second year they were planted in the old kitchen garden, and at taking-up time I invited my namesake to see them lifted. Amongst them was one with the most beautiful lake-coloured tubers I had ever seen, and this we agreed to call Schoolmaster at the time. More of the varieties were again discarded, and in the next spring the remainder were planted, this time just outside the wall of the new kitchen garden {called '•the slip"), and when I left in July, just after the boiler trials at Aston, they were looking most pro- mising. Leaving Enville while the tubers were in the ground I requested my successor, Mr. Green, as a favour to give the whole of these seedlings to my namesake, which he accordingly did. In the autumn of that year I happened to be one of the judges at the Worcestershire Agricultural Show held at Stourbridge, where twelve of these seedlings were exhibited by my namesake, and to these I awarded a Certificate of Merit. I also made an arrangement for Mr. Bennett to send me a few of each, for a trial, which he did — and these were grown by me at Hat- field, except a few which I distributed. Leaving Hatfield for Rabley in the month of June, I h.id again to leave the tubers in the ground, simply pulling up the labels with private marks, so that in due time they were all sent to table. ]\Ir. Bennett just previous to the first great Potato show held at the Alexandra Palace wrote to inform me that he thought of ex- hibiting some of the best of the seedlings, and it happened that I was one of the judges in the very class which Schoolmaster was exhibited in, otherwise perhaps it would have remained hidden under a bushel, for my colleague Messrs. Sutton's represen- tative, objected to the prize being awarded to it, and rightly so according to its appearance, but knowing it to be a first-class Potato, I stuck to it, and my col- league finally gave way. I strongly recommended it to Mr. Turner, who sent it out. Vou have now the whole history of this Potato, who raised it, and how by a fluke it came into commerce. The original lake- coloured Schoolmaster proved on further trial to be worthless, so Mr. Edwin Bennett christened the pre- sent one by that name, but he did not raise it. Perhaps the Messrs. Webb are not to blame for advertising the true stock, for I know that a doubtful stock of Schoolmaster has been sold by others. Edward Bennett, Rabley and Holly Bank Nurseries, Herts. [We should add to this communication that we have received letters from Mr. Charles Padley, of Enville Hall, and Mr. Edwin Bennett, of Enville Schools, the former of whom on behalf of himself and the Earl of Stamford and Warrington, categorically denies the statements of " One who Worked in the Garden at Enville" (p. 114), and states the fact of the case to be " that the seed was obtained through hybridisation in 1869, and as Mr. Bennett had no heat at his dis- posal, he requested his namesake who came to Enville as his lordship's head gardener in the following year, to sow the seed for him in one of the houses. Beyond his kindly acceding to this request, Mr. Edward Bennett had nothing to do with raising the variety." Mr. Edwin Bennett does not enter into any details, simply stating his readiness to defend his claim, should Mr. Edward Bennett make a claim to raising it for himself; but as we know nothing of the merits of the case beyond the evidence before us, we must leave those concerned to settle the question among them- selves. Eds.] Culverwell's Telegraph and Carter's Tele- phone Peas. — Jlr. Culverwell has made such a direct attack upon us in the columns of your journal of last week that we beg you will permit us the privilege of a reply. Mr. Culverwell appears to know very little about "hybridisation" when he states that because his Telegraph Pea was raised from one Pea it would be unlikely that we should select anything out from it ; but any one who has had experience in the hybridisation of Peas knows full well that one pod of Peas, or the progeny of one Pea, will often produce types of marked variations. Now for the facts in reference to Carter's Telephone Pea. We sent out this new Pea for the first time this season, after it had received a First-class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society, and in announcing it we were not obliged to mention either Mr. Culverwell or his Telegraph Pea ; but in introducing novelties to the public it is our practice to state their origin, and there- fore we felt called upon to announce that although Telephone was a distinct Pea from Telegraph it was raised from it. When we bought Telegraph Pea from him three years ago it was a slightly indented Marrow. We sent it to our seed farm at .St. Osyth to be grown, where it came under the observation of our manager, who we think by this time is tolerably well known to you as being an expert in his craft, and he noticed in the growth that there were a few plants that showed what he thought to be an improvement ; these were carefully selected and have now developed into a dis- tinct type of Pea. We have never sought to disparage either Mr. Culverwell or his Telegraph Pea ; they are we believe both good of their kind — both the man and the Pea, therefore we cannot understand why he should wish to disparage either us or our Telephone Pea. We send you samples of Culverwell's Tele- graph and Carter's Telephone, and you will no doubt observe that they are totally distinct. We do not feel called upon to reply to Mr. Culverwell's remarks about the price. The price of seeds being mainly dependent on season, produce, and demand, this is a question for the public, and if they do not think Cul- verwell's Telegraph or Carter's Telephone worth the money they will not buy them ; but our experience is, howe\'er, of a contrary character. We send you two pages from our catalogue, to refute Mr. Culverwell's statement that we attempt to extinguish his Pea, and you will observe that it is displayed with all honour. y antes Carter 6^ Co. [The samples received bear out Messrs. Carter's statement as to their being distinct, the seeds of Telephone being somewhat larger and much more wrinkled than Telegraph, besides being of a paler colour. Eds.] Mr. Culverwell is evidently under the impres- sion that Messrs. Carter & Co. have renamed this Telegraph Pea. As a grower of the Telegraph Pea last season I cannot agree with Mr. C. as to its having wrinkled seed, if so I have been growing a wrong variety. The few seeds I have saved are more like those of Laxton's Supreme. With reg.ard to the Telephone Pea all I can say to Messrs. Carter is that they have an extraordinary acquisition if they can assure me it will beat Telegraph. The seed of Tele- phone very much resembles that of Veitch's Perfection. I notice that Telephone has received a First-class Cer- tificate from the Royal Horticultural Society (this alone should recommend it), but I cannot find that Telegraph has been recognised at these gardens. I am rather inquisitive in searching out the correctness of disputes similar to the one in question, so intend growing the two varieties side by side, and reporting an unprejudiced opinion as to their distinctive merits and general character. Perhaps some of my brother gardeners will do the same, and between us we would be in a position to clear up all existing doubts as to their being one and the same variety. D. McDonald, Totteridgc. Had not my order for the above seeds been already executed, I should perhaps, after reading Mr. Culverwell's remarks, have been inclined to counter-order one or the other of the varieties. As it is, I cannot do so, but would s.ay that, if Mr. Culverwell's assertion that "there cannot be two sorts," or, in other words, that Carter's Telephone is one and the same thing as Culverwell's Telegraph, is true, the latter Pea, among other remarkable characteristics, possesses that of producing some seed nearly round and green, and others very wrinkled, and of much lighter colour. To prove this I enclose to the Editors a sample of each variety, and also some of Telegraph, saved by a private grower in 1877, The contrast in the seed is, I think, very marked ; and if they are synonymous, how came the certificate of the Royal Horticultural .Society to be awarded to Telephone? If Messrs. Carter wish to ad- vance their Telephone to the detriment of Culver- well's Telegraph, would they offer prizes to be publicly competed for at South Kensington on June 24, for both of them, collectively with Little Wonder and Challenger ? I should think not, if they do really believe in the reality of the superiority, or at all events distinctiveness of their variety, as by so doing they court exposure. As with other vege- tables, so with Peas ; and excellent as Culverwell's Telegraph is, it is possible, by careful selection, to still further improve it, which I understand Messrs. Carter claim to have done. //'. Iggiihicn, Orsett Hall. [The samples are identical with those received from Messrs. Carter. We shall grow the whole of them, and test the matter for ourselves. Eds.] Giant Zittau Onion. — While we can thoroughly endorse all that your correspondent "J. R." has said in favour of this Onion, we may mention that it is not a new variety, neither is the stock in the hands of any individual seed firm. We have known it for several ye.ars, and can supply the seed in any 'quantity. John Laing&^Co., Forest Hill. Your correspondent, " J. R.," is in error when he says " the entire stock of this Onion is in the hands of the Messrs. Veitch," no doubt unwittingly. We (let others speak for themselves) hold stock of it now, and did last year ; it will be found offered, with a descriptive note, in our cata- logues of 1S7S and of the present year. While we are writing there is another Onion, the Trebons, also of Continental origin, we think highly deserving notice, and which we miss on looking over some of the " heavy " catalogues ; but in these days, when it is so common to otTer varieties as A.'s this, B.'s that, and C.'s the other thing, it may be appearing under some other noin de plume. Let seedsmen stick to the names under which varieties are originally sent out, and refrain from adiling their own names, except where they can in reality lay claim to the parentage, and much confusion will be avoided. //'. F. Laird iS~= Sinclair, Dundee, N.B. The Cow Tree. — With regard to the paragraph which is going the round of the newspapers respecting the Cow-tree, and which is noticed in your columns last week, it may be of interest to some to know that it is no new idea for every householder to ha\ e a Cow- tree in his garden for supplying milk to the iamily. About forty-eight years ago the experiment was actually tried so far, that at least 1000 so-called young Cow-trees were brought to this country from \'ene- zuela by a Mr. Fanning, who expected to get a guinea a-piece for them, and that they would be eagerly pur- chased, and would grow in the open air in this country. They were deposited in Mr. Colville's nur- sery in the King's Road, Chelsea, then in high repute for rare plants. There being no demand lor them, and the way they were packed in bringing them over to this country not being proper, they soon all died. I obtained one for Kew, and further to show the ignorance of the speculator, I found it was not the Galactodendron utile at all, but a plant of the Sapota family ; and Mr. George Aldridge, who was a collector of Orchids in Venezuela (or Mr. Knight, of King's Road, Chelsea (now Messrs. Veitch's), and had traversed the forests of Cow-trees, informed me that he never saw any young Cow-trees in the forests, but young plants of the tree Mr. Fanning took for the Cow-tree grew on the outskirts of the forest. I do not remember what Mr. Fanning was, but he was not a gardener. The above facts are recorded in my Domestic Botany, p. 225. J. Smith, Ex-Ctiralor, Royal Gardens, A'eio. The Royal Horticultural Society's Com- mittees.— Is the young rising generation wiser than the old passing one, or have the committees of the Royal Horticultural Society been converted into hereditary bodies? I observe in the list published the n.ames of Harry Turner (vice'C. Turner), Harry Williams (rice B. S. Williams), and Peter Veitch (rvVt' H. J. Veitch). Do these young men supersede their elders because they are more .able, or has the constitution of the committees become a hereditary one ? If the Council say they make these appointments not on the score of worth or merit, but to conciliate important interests, then I can underst.ind the object, but if otherwise then they are inexplicable. I had imagined that an appointment on these committees was regarded as an honour given to the best and most February I, 1879.I THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 149 capable men of the profession, that the decisions of these bodies might possess the greatest possible weight and receive the greatest amount of respect. I have been a credulous donkey, as are all others who think the same. Rural. [It is very desirable to have an infusion of young blood from a good stock. Eds.] Burning Potato Haulm. — At, p. 116 you advise the burning of Potato haulm to destroy the germ of the disease. I want to be shown how this is prac- ticable, that it may be put into practice. Others have also advised the burning of the haulm — has it ever got beyond the advice ? I hold it to be absolutely imprac- ticable if attempted to be done when the disease first appears. If left until the haulm is dry the benefit to be derived from the act is lost. [Only in part.] A large mass of green Potato haulm full of sap, in fact half water, is about as incombustible a material as can be found in the vegetable kingdom. If it would be a matter of difficulty to burn the haulm crop of any garden plot of Potatos, what could be done with the produce of acres {as there would be a crop perhaps of several cartloads to the acre)? And in the case of a field of 50 acres the bulk would be so enormous as to require a dozen men several days, perhaps weeks, to cut or pull, cart it or otherwise remove away to be burnt. Then to char the haulm sufficiently to destroy the disease-germs would require immense fires of wood or coal, or some other combustible ma- terial ; and even then it is questionable whether the haulm could be destroyed or consumed. If the haulm be pulled and laid together for a short time it soon decays, and becomes putrid, and is even more incom- bustible than before, whilst every day it is allowed to lie, that it may become dry and consumable, is simply time given to the disease-germs to escape. I want to hear from some one who has burnt green Potato haulm, and I want to be taught how it can be accomplished in a large way, for one grower to burn his haulm, and take so much trouble in a small way, whilst hundreds around him allowed theirs to decay on the ground, would be sheer w'aste of time and labour. To be of benefit the act must be general, if fire is to be the element that is to exterminate the Potato disease. A. D. [We have seen it done, as we have seen weeds burnt, and though we admit the force of our correspondent's objections, we believe a great deal might be done towards lessening the amount of disease. At present, in spite of what has been discovered, growers still continue to propagate the disease. Because they cannot extirpate it alto- gether, they elect to do nothing to check it. Is this reasonable ? Eds.] Which is the Best Celery to Grow ? — As this question was introduced at p. S4, and as yet has remained unanswered, I hope you will not accuse me of sounding my own trumpet if I give you my opinion in the matter. As "J. W." says, the amount of expense in labour, manure, and rent of ground, whicli its cultivation entails, makes it imperative that only the very best sorts should be grown. This is a well- known fact in our district, where field after field of Celery is grown, and where many depend on the growth of this vegetable for a livelihood, and I think I may venture to say that our district has gained a notoriety for the growth of Celery. "J. W." says his experience leads him to select three varieties as superior to any others. I have grown the varieties named, besides a number of others, and I have come to the conclusion that Clayworth Pride is the very best Celery in cultivation ; it was raised at Clayworth in 1875, and has now become such a favourite, that in 50 acres grown in our parish next season there will not be one of any other variety, providing the plants are procurable. I planted S500 plants on May 21 last, and had it all cleared off by the middle of Sep- tember, and a better lot of Celery I never saw. It is very hardy, and is standing this severe weather admir- ably. It has been exhibited at our local shows for the last two seasons, and taken a number of prizes, including three open to all England. I feel con- fident if growers will give this variety a trial, it will need no more praise from me. If it will interest your readers, I will endeavour to give our mode of culture in some future number. [Please do. Eds.] R, Oglcy, Clayworth, near Baw/iy, Yorkshire. Ouvirandra Hildebrandtiana, Vatke. — Dr. Goeze's note on this interesting plant is published very apropos at the present time, when we have the African traveller, in whose honour it is named, with us in London. When we received at the Museum last year dried specimens of this aquatic (Hildebrandt, No. 2645) it was with some surprise that I saw it referred to Ouvirandra, as it is clearly a member of the allied genus Aponogeton. Indeed it is either identical with or closely allied to a widely diffused African species of the latter genus, which under the names A. subconjugatus (Schum.), A. leptostachyus (E. Meyer), and (probably) .\. abyssinicus (A. Rich), we have in the Museum herbarium from Guinea (Thonning), Angola (Welwitsch), and the Cape (Drege). I may add that I have taken the opportunity of pointing out this identification of his Kitui plant to Dr. Ilildebrandt, and that he fully acquiesces in it. To the Ouvirandra Bernieriana of Madagascar the East African specimens have scarcely any resemblance. Henry Trinien, Jan. 25. [We have a note from Mr. Dyer to the same eftect. Eds.] The Smallest Orchid in the World. — Having just seen specimens of this wee plant, sent by Baron von Mueller to Kew, lam reminded of his communica- tion thereon to the Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 818 of the last volume, and of " G. M'L.'s" reply thereto at p. 55 of the present volume. It is evident that Baron Mueller has not confounded two plants, as "G. McL." assumes, but having first mentioned the original plant in his Fraginenta as a Dendrobium he could not retain the name moniliforme, as that was preoccupied in the genus, and therefore he substituted the name minutissinium, which should now fall before the former if that has been published as really a Bulbophyllum. ]V. B. H. The "Infallible" Bird Scarer.— Mr. C. J. Price, of West Moulsey, Surrey, has submitted to our inspection an invention of his for scaring birds, which appears to us admirably calculated to answer the pur- pose in view, and especially to answer the require- ments of farmers and owners of fruit orchards. It takes the form of a battery of sixteen miniature cannons, which are lo.aded and timed to explode at intervals of twenty or forty minutes, according as the time-fuse is laid. Tlie annexed illustration (fig. 2j) Fig. 23. — B[RD SCARER. gives a good idea of the apparatus, and the following details explain its use and manipulation : — To set it up push the pole, A, perpendicularly into the earth. Take the ring, B, in the left-hand, and place the three legs, c c c, on the ground, fitting the long end of each under the ring. Place the battery, D, on to the pole, and pass the pin, E, through the hole, F, and spring the triangle, G, on to the ring, H, in the pole. When it is required to load, remove the triangle, G, from the ring, and tilt the battery on one side and then on the other. To load insert a fuse into each touch-hole, pour into each cannon I \ drachm of powder, ram the wad well home with the ramrod and mallet, put the battery horizontal, insert the tinder in the channels, light one end, and then put on the cover. When lo.ading care should be taken not to spill powder in the channels. No. 20 gun wad, which can be procured at any gunsmith's and most ironmongers in the coun- try, will fit the guns. We should state that the cost per day for powder, fuses, &c., is about d,d., and that Messrs. Plill & .Son, 4, Haymarket, W., are the manufacturers. The birds will be more frightened than hurt. The Sarsen Stones at Reading. — I am com- pelled by "A. D.'s" letter on p. 120 to add a word to my former letter. The origin of Sarsen stones is by no means generally known among amateurs. Some of the stones, if not sandstone, may be Welsh, though ]irobably then transported by human agency. Finally, I never hinted at anything I did not state clearly. Every one familiar with the history of Whiteknights knows the stones came from Wiltshire, but neverthe- less there exist siinilar ones also in strata in Surrey. This much in the interests of accuracy. G. S. Boiilger. Although I have myself seen and examined " Sarsen Stones" in situ, I do not in the least claim any credence for my own belief on the subject, but I think it will require arguments a little more forcible than Mr. Lees' hammer to set aside the judgment of- Ramsay, Aveline, and Hull, all of whose names appear on the title-page of the Memoirs of the Geolo- i^ieal Survey (sheet 34)," from which I quoted the passages which Mr. Lees' "many gentlemen well versed in geology" feel justified in disputing. The same facts — including the one for road-mending — are also stated on p. 163 of the Descriptive Cataloi;-ne (3d edit.) of Rock Specimens in the Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street, where specimens may be seen. But then Mr. Lees failed to break the stones, just as, when an Irishman was tried for murder, for every one who had seen the deed committed a dozen witnesses were prepared to swear that they hadn't. W. T. Thiselton Dyer. Peach Blossoms Destroyed by Ants. — In one of our early Peach-houses, now partially in flower, we have been much troubled with black ants eating out the stigma of the blossoms. We were unaware of anything being wrong until the blossoms expanded, when an ant, and in many cases two, were found nibbling at the pistil, close down at the embryo fruit. As soon as the flowers began to show their petals, and were sufficiently open to admit the ants, the work of destruction must have begun, as in every case the pistil was gone before the flowers were fully expanded, but the stamens and anthers were left undamaged. I never saw nor do I remember to have read of similar destruction to Peach blossoms caused by ants, and have on several occasions seen strong nests of both black and red ants in Peach-houses. I have strewed the house with sulphur, and tied bands of cotton-wool round the stems of the trees, and tarred other points where the ants would be likely to ascend. By these means we hope to check them and secure a crop, as there is sufficient flower still left if we can set them without further damage. Have any of your corre- spondents had a similar experience ? J. R. [A ring of cotton-wool saturated with a dilute solution of carbolic acid or soluble phenyle will prevent the ants from getting up the stems. Eds.] Wiring Garden Walls. — In answer to "Chevalier," I would say by all means have your walls wired for Morello Cherries, as the aspect is one that suits them admirably. Mr. Sheppard's plan, so ably expkained by him in these columns, is undoubt- edly superior for the purpose to the ordinary way of wiring walls, viz., alternate courses of brick, which places the wires at too great a distance from each other to be of any advantage in training Morellos or Peaches, but I think it entails too much labour in fixing to be adopted generally. I would suggest that each course of bricks be wired, this will be close enough for all purposes of training, and it would be an easy matter to fix the extra lines of wire on all walls wired on the old system. As to the damage to the trees done by galvanised wire, I have never found it to exist except where the shoots have been tied too tight ; and who has not seen the eftects of careless nailing, either by driving the nail too close to the shoot or by not allow- ing sufficient room in the shred for growth? I think it rather illogical to say that wired walls conduce to unfruitfulness : I would certainly s.ay, have the wires fixed as close to the walls as possible, about I or .1 inch is ample space from it, although I must admit the finest show of Peaches and Nectarines it has been my good fortune to see on an outside wall was where the wires [jrojected nearly 2 inches .and the trees had no protection while in bloom save a teiriporary wooden coping about 18 inches in width. This was in 1873 ; locality North Wales. I think that probably one of the main causes of the failure of outside Peaches, &c. (except of course .adverse weather), will be found in the fact that since glasshouses have been erected in such numbers, and indoor gardening generally received such impetus, outdoor Peach trees, and more par- ticularly the borders, do not receive the attention they formerly commanded. A few words as to the cost of wiring walls : it must he borne in mind that when a wall is pointed and wired it will be no more expense, in the ordinary course of events, for a life-time, and not, as with nails and shreds, want pointing every four or five years, or be continually staring you in the face as something going to decay, as well as being a harbour for all kinds of insects from which it is next to impossible to dislodge them. John Wilks, Park House Gardens, Chcadle. Magnolia grandiflora ferruginea. — I am able to confirm your statement (p. 114) on the superiority in point of hardiness of the ferrugineous iSLignolia over the Exmouth variety. About a score of fine bushy plants of the first-named variety, growing in the groun(.ls here, are comparatively unhurt, although they have had no protection ; while a single plant of the Exmouth variety, with the protection of a wall, is so much shattered and looks so miserable from the eftects of the weather as to make one despair of its recovery. J. Roberts, Giinnersbiiry Park. ISO THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. [lEUKUAKV I, 1879. Vicar of Wingfield Pear. — My experience of this Pear is similar to Mr. Saul's (see p. 119). It is always one of the most popular stewing Pears — often also one of the most useful for dessert, quite equal in quality to the usual run of Glou Morceau or Beurre Ranee. Kaster Kcurre, however, unless very badly ripened, is far superior to either of those two, or the Vicar of Wingtield at its best. Has Mr. Saul ever noticed a difference in colour as well as quality in the Vicar ? I have had it once or twice dashed and speckled with purple or red, almost in the way of Louise Bonne of Jersey, and such fruit were in\ariably of fine quality. I am surprised to find that Mr. Saul has the Mcar still in use on January 15. Ours were all in season, and consumed" in November last year, and they have seldom kept till Christmas. Our Vicar of Wingfield are on the Quince, and trained as pyramids. Most seasons the majority of the fruit are used for dessert, and are of average quality. Of course they will not compare with a good Marie Louise or Winter Nelis, the latter the perfection of quality in Pears. Pears were remarkably scarce in this district last season, and not a few of them also turned out inferior in quality, though Apples, Peaches, and Plums were remarkably good in quality. D. 7'. Fisli. Epidendrum ciliare. — I have grown and flowered this plant for several years, but have only just now found out its real merit, which is the being most deliciously fragrant at night. I have had a plant in the drawing-room for the last fortnight, and it will last at least a fortnight more, and every evening it perfumes all the end of the room where it is with its delicate and very peculiar scent. This, together with its flowering in the middle of winter, and with its being a most easy plant to grow, makes it well worth the room it takes up even in a small collection of Orchids. C. W. Slriikland. Primulas.— I think our strain of Primula sinensis as good as possibly can be had, the blooms being nicely fimbriated, and larger than a five-shilling piece, also presenting a variety of rich colours. We have also a race of very large Cinerarias, single blooms of which measure 2\ inches in diameter. I enclose specimens of each as proofs. I may also add that the seeds of both were obtained from Messrs. T. Veitch & Sons last year. G. S., The Gardens, 'Craxvky Coiiit, IVine/iestei: [The Primulas very good indeed, fine in quality, and nicely varied ; the Cinerarias large, and richly coloured — a maroon- crimson, but "too narrow in the florets to be con- sidered as specially choice in quality, though no doubt effective for decorati\'e purposes. Eds.] Yellow Ground Picotees.— When I wrote the paragraph Mr. E. S. Dodwell quotes on p. 116 I had in my mind's eye as " varieties of a more refined character and delicate constitution included as show varieties " the yellow-ground Picotees that are cata- logued by Mr. C. Turner and others, which, as Mr. Dodwell truly remarks, comprise but " very few good constitutioned yellow-ground Picotees." I am sorry I did not make my meaning sufficiently clear to Mr. IJodwell, but that I did so in the case of others is shown from the fact that I ha\'e received communica- tions expressing surprise at Mr. Dodwell's remarks. I should no more think of presuming to call into question the decisions of "the gentlemen on whom devolved the duty of selecting the flowers worthy of such notice at the last exhibition of the National Car- nation and Picotee Society " than I should of setting up as a teacher to Mr. Dodwell of how to grow and dress Carnations and Picotees for exhibition. K. D. The Birds and the Buds. — The plan I have adopted for keeping small birds off Gooseberry and Curraiit bushes, and found to answer for several years, is merely to thread the bushes, in the form of a net, with black cotton, which is not easily seen by the depre- dators. As soon as the birds make their appearance upon the bushes they are pruned and netted over at once with the black cotton, and this prevents further destruction throughout the season. W. Biggs, Liver- pool, The Effects of the Frost.— On January 15 I went down t.T Colwyn Pay to see the results of the late frost. The thermometer has registered over 22° of frost, not on the morning of December 24, as here, but on the loth or nth inst. This is the severest frost since my house was built in 1868, and may be considered a fair test of the hardiness of plants, though the dry summer and autumn count fur a good deal. It is too soon to speak positively as to many .shrubs, as some which now appear alive may succumb later on, and others apparently dead may revive. Three distinct species of Eucalyptus from Tasmania, from 12 to 25 feet high, appear to have escaped. One of these, with grey bark and narrow leaves, I have reason to believe is E. amygdalina. Voung trees of E. globulus are nearly or quite killed, Callistemon lanceolatum, overshadowed by the last-named tree, is uninjured ; Acacia dealbata, about 25 feet .high, is hard hit, but I think will survive ; Clematis indivisa, on the house-wall facing S.E., seems all right; so does Cordyline australis, though by the side of a brook. Fremontia californica, out in the open, is only slightly injured. Most of the shrubby Veronicas are killed to the ground, if not entirely. Phormium tenax, by the brook, is, I fear, killed ; Olearia Haastii, Eugenia Ugni, E. apiculata, Pittosporum Toliira, P. undu- latmn, Leptospermum scoparium, Grislinia littor.alis, Stauntonia (Holbollia) latifolia (on a wall), Pambusa Metake, and many other supposed tender things, are quite uninjured. Alfred 0. Walker, Chesler. The Frost and its Effects at Fota Island.— Such a severe winter has not been known in the South of Ireland for fifly-five years, and it may interest General iNIunro, and many others who are interested in liamboos and half-hardy trees and shrubs, to know how they have fared. Pambusa mitis, B. mitis viri- dis, B. glaucescens, B. edulis, B. aurea, B. Met.ake, B. violascens, and B. Mazelli have passed the winter so far with but comparatively little injury. Bambusa nigra and P.. Simmonsii striata are cut with the frost, the foliage being partly killed ; whilst the old Thamnocalamus Falconeri (often called Arun- dinaria falcata), which has stood the severity of twenty-six winters unprotected, is much worse cut than any of the above. This might occur from the plants having been put in last .spring when only young ; during the summer they had thrown up a quantity of young canes about 8 feet high, most of which are now killed to the ground, but I am glad to say the base is all right, through a slight protection of leaves. Dicksonia antarctica, which has been out several years without protection uninjured, has the fronds killed, while in former years these have looked better in winter than in summer. It is too early yet - to judge if the crowns are injured, as these were covered with a little dry straw. Cycas revoluta, treated the same as Ferns, have the points of the fronds killed, but the stems are all right ; bushes of Acacia armata are killed, as also Acacia verticillata and A. longiflora magnifica, about 18 feet high, on an east wall. These had grown to the above height on the open wall, unprotected, in three years, whilst the green Wattle, Acacia afiinis, is uninjured both as bushes and on walls. Chamaerops excelsa and hu- milis are both s.afe, not having a brown frond upon them. The points of Colletia cruciata are injured, but C. horrida is untouched. The New Zealand flax, Phormium tenax, of which we have thousands of large clumps, is much discoloured and beaten dovy-n, but the variegated forms seem more hardy than the green kind, as these are standing erect, and appear quite safe. The only Pine which seems injured at .all is P. canariensis, while every variety of Veronica and Fuchsia is killed to the ground. Bay hedges are cut, wdiile the Laurustinus, which has suffered in Cornwall, is quite uninjured here. Ceanothus and Clianthus of Idnds, on walls, are injured, but not killed. The leaves of Eucalyptus globulus are injured, whilst E. amygdalina, of which I have sent you a sprig that was blown from the top of the tree, about 50 feet high, is not hurt. The base of this tree is 9 feet in circumference. The reason it is not much higher is that it is standing alone, and gets every gale from the Atlantic, which often severs large branches from its top. To all who contemplate plant- ing the Eucalyptus as an ornamental tree I would recommend planting it on the driest situations that can be found, in moderately good soil, and in dry summers give them the necessaryquantity of moisture. It may do to plant these trees on swampy places in more favoured climes than Britain, but if they are ever to become peruianent ornamental trees in these isles they must be planted in dry situations, and thus be able to stand the inclemency of our winters. We have several species of the above to plant out this spring, and I shall be glad to give you the result of our experiment. ]V. Osl-.orne. [Please do. Eds.] Awards for Potatos at the Paris Exhibition. — With respect to an announcement made in your pages some time since, that Mr. Wm. Porter, of Old Meldrum, had been awarded a Gold Medal for his Potato exhibits at the Paris Exhibition, and^ soon afterwards indirectly contradicted in so far as in the list of awards made to British exhibitors published by the British Commission Mr. Porter's name was not included, I desire to state that I have now lying before me an authentic copy of the list of awards made by the jurors, aud published by order of the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce of France, and which is the ofiicial catalogue or " Liste des Recom- penses." In that, under heading Class 87, p. 524, appears in the lists of awards of " Medailles d'Or, ' or "Gold Medals," the name of Mr. Wm. Porter, Angletcrre, the only other British name being that of Messrs. Jas. Carter & Co. Only ten Ciold Medals were awarded in this class, two coming to England. How the British Commission, in making up their list, could thus omit the name of Mr. Porter seems inexplicable, and certainly requires explanation. A. Dealt, Win Mcatljcr. STA TE OF THE WBA THER A T BLACKHEA T//. lOADON, For the Week ending Wednesday, Jan. 29, 1879. IJarometer Temperature of THE Air. Sk"|I° I Jan. =3 24 =5 26 27 2S t: c* ss Hygromc- 1 trical De- ductions from Wind. Glaishcr's Tables 6th Edition. i 'orfg Dew Poi Degree Humidi Sat. = I 11^ ^ ,\'. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was the lowest at Wolverhampton, 23°, Leicester 24i[', Blackheath and Cambridge, both 252°, and Shetiield and Bradford, both 26}', and the highest at Plymouth, 30.\°, and Truro 31° ; the general mean from all stations was Tj\'. The mean daily range of temperature in the week was the greatest at Leicester and Wolverhampton, both 8]', and the least at Norwich, 3i° ; the mean daily range from all places was 6°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all stations was 30°, being 1 1 .V" lower than the value for the corresponding week in 1S78. The mean tem- perature of the air was the highest at Plymouth, 34", Truro 331°, and Sunderland 32^° ; and the lowest at Wolverhampton, 26J', Leicester 28 \°, and Blackheath, Sheflield, Liverpool, and Bradford all 2SJ°. A little snow fell during the week ; the amounts measured varied from half an inch at Nottingham, three-tenths of an inch at Leeds, and a quarter of an inch at Truro and Sunderland, to two-hundredths of an inch at Plymouth, Brighton, Blackheath, and Cam- bridge ; the average amount over the country was o. I inch. The weather during the week was dull, very cold, and dry. Snoia fell generally, but the amount was very small. Scotland : Temperature. — The highest tempera- tures of the air observed by day varied from 39° at Paisley and 38° at Dundee and Perth, to 36]' at Edinburgh, and 36° at Greenock ; the mean from all stations was 37!°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night varied from 12° at Perth, 13^ at Paisley, 17° at Dundee, and 20° at Edinburgh nnd Perth, to 25!° at Aberdeen ; the mean value from all places was 184°. The mean range of temperature in the week was iS^". The mean temperature of the air or the week from all places was 28-^^, being i A° below that of England, and 8° lower than the corresponding value m 1878. The highest was 31 j' at Aberdeen, and the lowest 24" at Perth. A little sno' and the amount of melted snow 0.16 inch. JAMES GLAISHER. F.R.S. It falls to our lot to record the death of Mr. George P. Tve, on Sunday, January 19, at his residence, Stamford Road, Handsworth, Birmingham. His health had been declining for the past two years, and the event was therefore not unexpected by his family and friends. Mr. Tye will be long remem- bered as the producer of the Improved Registered Hyacinth Glass, introduced about 1852, which was indeed a well-marked improvement on the old tall, ill- contrived vessel in which Hyacinths were grown for many years. His profession was that of a die-sinker, but his great love for flowers led him to associate himself with the florists of the district. He took a warm interest in horticultural societies, and was a zealous supporter of every movement for its promotion in the neighbourhood of Birmingham. His genial disposition made him a great favourite, and endeared him to those who worked with him in horticultural matters. He was throughout its e.xistence, it is believed, a leading member of the committee of the Handsworth Floral and Horticultural Society, and for a considerable period was honorary secretary, con- jointly with his friend the late Mr. Charles J. Perry. He was also one of the founders of the Birmingham Rose .Show. During the time Mr. Perry was the Editor of the Binnin^hain and Midland Gardeners^ Magazine, Mr. Tye contributed occasionally to its columns. Answers to Correspondents. Bonks for Manuke : Your correspondent "J. M. R." will find bones spoken of for manure in the tenth verse of the 83d Psalm, and again in the thirty-seventh verse of the ninth cliapter of the second book of Kings. J. S. BoUQfjcr AT Fr.owiiit Snow : P.mdaiiad. In July botli the double Pelargonium and the Mrs. Marshall Fuchsia might be cut from outdoor plants, and if such were the case the judges were quite right. Possibly the framers of the schedule might have meant the bouquet to consist wholly of liardy plants, but if so,- should liaNe stated tliis plainly. Camellias : y. B. asks us to give him the names of some .\nemone or Pajony-flowered Camellias. We have never looked at Camellias from this point of view, and Iiave not a complete list of them as Pasony and .\nemone-tlowered, but will endeavour to get one as the flowering season advances ; meanwhile \\'e can only mention pjeonifiora rosea, pajoniflora pallida, and pai'oniflora alba, .as types of the Pajony-flowered ; and anemoniflora, " the red Waratah," blanda, "blush Waratah," dianthiflora, " Knight's Carnation Wara- tah," Chandleri, "Chandler's .Striped Waratah," and ornata, the "pink Waratah," as types of Anemone- flowered. CucuMBEKS : V. G. No doubt your plants are affected by disease. There is no known remedy, but your wisest course would be to clea'- your pits of plants and soil, wash or paint the wood, limewash the brickwork, make up a bed of new soil, and get a new stock of plants from a distance. We should avoid the dung, and try maiden soil. Deer Droppi.n'gs : 11^. G. You can apply deer drop- pings as a top-dressing for Vine and Peach borders .vith perfect safety. It is a good manure. Dii'LADENL\s : G. B. Thebest compost to grow Dipla- denias in, is a mixture of good peat and loam in equal proportions, and a liberal addition of silver sand. Grapes : IK. G. Either the Muscat Hamburgh or the Gros Colmar should do well inarched on tlie Muscat of Alexandria (or Barnes' Muscat, as you call it), but if you have enough canes of the white Muscat, and are in the habit of starting the house tolerably early, we think the Gros Colmar would answer your purpose the best. Heating Sjl\ll Greenhouse : E. F. No plan would be so good as a small hot-water apparatus, heated by gas. as that is available, nor would any other plan give so little trouble. The boiler should be set over an ordinary furnace of proportionate size, as if for burning coke, but, instead of burning fuel, let the gas-burners be placed in the furnace. There is then nothing to do but to light the gas, which will re- quire no further attention than is sufficient to keep the heat regulated, the fumes will pass away up the chimney-pipe, and there \\\\\ be no risk of the fire burning out for lack of attention. The furnace might be made accessible either from the outside or from some outhouse, as miglit be ])referred. It should not of course communicate with the house i 1 any wav except to heat the water in the boiler. A small copper boiler would be best. HoTBEi) ; Amateur. Fresh stable maniu'e, sweetened before using it, will answer your purpose nruch better than tan, and especially if you can mix «ith it an equal quantity of leaves. Insects: Q., No. 37. The insects found in your Cucumber-bed are tlie destructive wireworms or larvrt of Flater simulator or lineatus. The earth should be carefully sifted and baked. /. O. IV. Large Specimen Chrysanthemum : T. M. Jf. The plant to which I alluded at p. 120 was grown by Mr. IJ. Donald, gi'. to J. G. Barclay, Esq., of Leyton. I did not count the flowers, but 1 did on a plant of Christine of my own, and found about 350 large blooms. One cannot guess nearer than the statement that I made. On one occasion there was a dispute about the number of blooms on one of my Pompons ; about 300 or 400 was the estimated number, and \ve counted about 1400. I well remember the plant in question. It was exhibited in the .Artillery Hall, and the remark of one of the best exhibitors of blooms was, he wished he had one so good as those on Mr. Donald's plant to put into his stand, jt. Doiiglas. M.vci'C.W.V bei.l.v : 6'. 5. This is a rather showy stove plant, belonging to the order of .^canthads. It is of easy culture, requiring the usual treatment of soft- wooded stove plants, that is, to be grown on vigorously and then rested. Names of Fruit ; J. F. Golden Noble. — Edzmird Hulmes. Your Apple was so much bruised and rubbed that it could not be recognised. Names oi' Plants : //. .1/. E. r, Scolopendrium \'ulgare polyschides ; 2, Selaginella pubescens ; 3, Ptcris hastata ; 4, Lastrea tenericaulis. — J. B. i, .\thyrium Filix-fosmina, crested, but too voung to sav which of the crested sorts ; 2, Onychium lucidum ; 3, (iymnogramma Massoni ; 4, Asplenium Belangeri, alias 'Veitchianum ; 5, Pteris argyrea. Plantains and Daisies on Lawns : J. G. The easiest of all methods adopted for exterminating tliese and other weeds in grass, is to encourage the latter to grow by all possible means. Give the lawn a dressing of nitrate of soda at the rate of 100 lb. per acre, which will save you the trouble and expense of burning. Primulas ; G. R. B., Wincanton. Yours is a most extraordinary sport, and one which you should try to perpetuate, for though it would possibly not find favour with the florists, it might lead tosomethingquite distinct from the races at present known. It is evidentlv very vigorous in growth ; the flowers very large, witli the calyx rather constricted at the mouth, and the corolla 2i inches across, much pitted and undulated, the colour consisting of about equal proportions of rose, wliite, and green in distinct fronds or flakes. We shall refer again, next week, to any structural peculiarities it may present. — J. C. Remarkably fine, both as to size, form, and colour, and fully equal to the finest strains now so commonly met with in cultivation. "Revue Horticole " : Toiijonrs fret. We know nothing about the cost of advertisements in this journal. Ajjply to the publisher, M. .A. Pelletier, 26, R\ie Jacob, Paris. KOCKERV : G. B. The bricks burnt together in odd shapes, and used for making rockeries, are known as " burrs," and may be obtained utmost brick-yards. SoL.\NUMS FROM Seed or Cuttings : IK. (/. We should think the seedlings would make the best plants, if well grown ; but much depends on die skill of the cultivator. 'We have never tested the matter in the way you put it. .Spring: Paiidatiad. The vernal equinox, \\hich falls on March 21, marks die first day of spring. The Cur.vtorsihp of the Royal Botanic Gar- dens, Edindurgh : F. B. S. No good can now come by iiiierting such questions as you propose. Let a fair trial be made, and then if there is reason to com- plain let complaint be made. ■Vegetable Ivory Dust : G. J. B. We have had no experientie with it, but do not supjiose that it is of much value as a manure, being composed chiefly of starchy material. It is totally different from animal ivory. Ig^ Foreign Subscribers sending Post-ofiice Orders are requested to make them payable at the post-office, King Street, Covent Garden, London, and at the same time to inform the Publisher at the office of this Journal. Err.\'J"UM. — .\t p. Ill, third column, for " Cupressus raceniosus " read Cytisus racemosus. Catalogues Received : — Charles Wilson (Salford, Warwick), Catalogue of Garden, Farm, ancl Flower .Seeds. — .M. Bruant (Poitiers, \'ienne, France), Cata- logue of New Plants. — Messrs. S. Nairn & Son (62, Pilgrim Street, Newcastle-on-Tyne), Catalogue of Seeds, Gladioli, Dahlias, Hollyhocks, Pansies, &c. — ■ Messrs. W. Samson cS; Co., and W. & T. Samson (S and 10, Portland Street, Kilmarnock), Spring Cata- logue of Seeds, Plants, Florists' Flowers, Trees, Implements, &c. — ^V. Lemoine (Rue de I'Etang, a Nancy, France), Catalogue of Plants, &c. — Richard Lowe (32, Queen .Square, Wolverhampton), Descrip- ti\'e Catalogue of F'lower, \'egetab!e, ancl German .Seeds. — T. W. Daley (Yeovil, .Somerset). Catalogue of \'egetable. Flower, Agricultural Seeds, and Gladioli. — Messrs. P. S, Robertson & Co. (33. St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh), Descriptive Price List of Garden, Flower, and Farm Seeds, Implements, &e. — Messrs. Howden & Co. (Muirtown, Inverness), Descriptive Priced List of Veget.able and Flower Seeds, and List of Gladioli, Implements, &c. — Messrs. .S. Dixon & Co. (34, Moorgate Street, London, E.G.), Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds. — Messrs. Drunimond Brothers (52, George Street, Edinburgh), Select Cata- logue of Roses, Liliums, Seeds, Gladioli, &e. — Messrs. H. Cannell & Son (Swanley, Kent), Annual Illustrated Floral Guide and Catalogue for 1879. Communications Received. —W. P. (many thanks).— G. S. B. — C. Y. M,— R. G.— J. C. & Co.— J. I. L.— C. E. S.— H. B. — W. W.— T. H.-E. VV. & Sons.— S. & S.— J. G. B.— W. H.— J. R. J.-C. L.— R. D.— D. T. F.-A. B.— 'VV. C— G. E.— W. S.— J. P.— H. C— R. T. C— W. T. T. D.— ■W. H. F.— P. & M. 'M arhcts. COVENT GARDEN, January 30. 1 rade remains quiet ; the only feature this week has been a large consignment of .St. Michael Pines at very low prices. The late severe weather has greatly limited tlie supply of outdoor vegetables, fames Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Plants in Pots. s, d. s. d. Arum Lily, or Rich- I ardia cethiop.,doz. g 0-18 o ' Azaleas, per dozen.. 24 0-60 o Begonias, per doz. . . 6 0-12 o BoQvardias, per doz. iS 0-24 o s. d. s. d. Euonymus, var.,doz. 6 0-18 o Ferns, in var.,p. doz. 4 0-18 o Ficus elastica, each 2 6-1 crs, Melon Frames, cHc, post-free. BOULTON k PAUL, NORWICH. February i, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 153 CARTER'S TELEPHONE-THE BEST NEW PEA. First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. Selected from Culverwell's " Telegraph," from wlilch It differs In the seeds being wrinkled, whUst the quality Is very superior. Like Cul- verwell's "Telegraph" it is an extraordinary cropper, tearing myriads of Immense semi-double pods, full of veiry arge Peas of most exquisite Iflavour. Highly recommended. Awarded a First-class Ccrtijicatc by the Royal Horticultural Society, after a Crttcial Trial in the Society s Gardens. In Sealed Packets, price, per pint, 2s. 6d. THE Q'.U BEN'S SEEDSMEN ^'^oAtDi^ HIGH HOLBOBN, LONDON, W.G. PARIAI'S PATETTT SYSTEM OF GIAZIII} WITHOUT PUTTY New ** Registered" Acme Plant Preserver, With "Truss" Hinge, and no Principals. The Ridge always fits close, the interior is free from all obstruction, the comers are secured in iron angle-plates : glazed, without putty, with 21-oz. glass. Long. Wide. Price. Long. Wide. Price. 6 feet by 3 feet .. .. £1 j 6 \ 12 feet by 3 feet .. .. ;C4 o o 6 feet by 4 feet .. .. 3 o o | 12 feet by 4 .. .. 500 On Channelled Wrougtit-Iron Rafters, Secures almost entire immunity from Breakage ©f Glass, great saving io repairs and re-painting, and absolute freedom from Diip. WILLIAM PARHAM, Horticultural Builder and Hot-water Engineer, NORTHGATE WORKS, BATH ; AND 280, Oxford Street, London, W. *** Specimens on view at either address. Illustrated Catalogues and Price Lists free. Orders amounting to ;^3 carriage paid to any Railway Station in England, and to Principal Ports in Scotland and Ireland. Extra strong Cucumber or Melon Frames, With 2-inch sashes and 1 5^-inch red deal frames, secured at each comer with two wrought-iron strap bolts. Glazed, without putty, with 21-oz. glass. Long. Wide. Price. Long. Wide. Price. 4 feet by 6 feet, 1 light ..^2 2 o | 16 feet by 6 feet, 4 lights. . ;^7 5 o 8 feet by 6 feet, 2 lights.. 312 o 20 feet by 6 feet, 5 lights. . 8 15 o J 2 feet by 6 feet, 3 lights.. 5 7 6 | 24 feet by 6 feet, 6 lights. . 10 lo o P A X T O N'S C A L E N D A R. Now Ready, a New and thoroughly Revised Edition of the COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. ORIGINALLY COMPILED BY THE LATE SIR JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. '* It has been carefully revised by an experienced gardener, and the lists of vegetables, fruit, and flowers have been corrected by the substitution of the most approved modem kinds, in place of those which were mentioned in the first edition, and many of which have ceased to be worthy of cultivation. It is a thoroughly sound, practical treatise ; but it has been so long before the public, and so deservedly appreciated, that any special commendation of it now is unnecessary." — Midland Counties Herald. *'This is a handy volume, consisting of seventy pages of letterpress and illustration, containing much and varied information likely to prove useful to all cottagers, &c., who possess a garden. To all such, who require a cheap and reliable book of reference, we heartily recommend it."— LloyUISITES. See Lists, which may be had on application. •Richard Smith & c°-.; 'kip Wg R C E ST E R #^ Keally Choice Seeds. LOXINIA CRASSIFOLIA GRANDI- FLORA, magnificent strain, quite distinct, leaves a broad, fleshy, and re- curving ; blooms very large and richly marked and coloured. Erecta and horizontalis, sepa- rate or mixed, per packet, i^. and us. td. AURICULA, extra choice, mixed. Almost every plant from this seed will give blooms of exquisite colouring, distmct eye and mar- gin, and perfection in form. Per pkt.. zs. td. PETUNIA, Double, large flowering. Most carefully hybridised ; yields a large percent- age of double flowers. Per packet, is. td. BEGONIA, Tuber- ous rooted. — From a superb collection con- taining all the splendid new introductions in this class. Per pkt., single, 2s. 6d. ; double, 2s. td. STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA.— Free-flowering variety from the Mauritius. Per packet, is. td.. Post-free. JAMES TYNAN, 68. Great George Street, Liverpool. Francis & Arthur Dickson s Sons. 106Eastgate St.& r<„pcTi:D TheUptori'Nurseries VUlj O 1 llfl\. Illustrated Catalogue of yegetaljle & Flower Seeds, ' FostJJee on^Afiplicafioiv. ! Quality .unsurpassed: SCIADOPITYS VERTICILLATA (Sieb. and Zucc). — From this fine Coniferous plant I expect good Growing Seed from Japan in March, which I can offer at los. td. per ounce, with usual allowance to the Trade. FRIEDRICH ADOLPH HAAGE, Jun., Nurseryman and Seedsman (Established 1822), Erfurt, Prussia, — January, 1879. Special Oflfer. WBALL AND CO., Bedford Road Nursery, • Northampton, having a very large stock of the under- mentioned TREES. &c., in fine condition for removal, have much pleasure in off'cring them at the following low piices : — ASH, 2 to 2% feet, fine, iSj-. per 1000. BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, i to i% foot, very fine, X2S. per 1000. ELMS, Canadian, 8 to lo feet stems, with good heads, loo^. per loo. ,, English (upright), 6 to 7 feet stems, fine, with goodheads, Qoj. per 100. HORNBEAM, 2 to 3 feet, fine, 20s. per 1000. LIMES, 8 to 9 feet, very fine, 50J. per 100 ; 9 to 11 feet, ditto, JOS. per 100. PRIVET, common, a feet, bushy, 10s. per 1000. „ OVAL! FOLIUM, 3 to 4 feet, very fine, 50^. per 1000. WALNUTS, 6 to 7 feet stems, nice heads, tos. per 100. CHERRIES, Morello, dwarf-trained, splendid stuff", 1S5. p. doz. APRICOTS. Moorpark, dwarf-trained, splendid stuff, 20J. per dozen. ROSES, extra fine standards, large heads, fine varieties, 4 feet stems, no better in the trade, our selection, -jos. p. 100. APPLES, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, tos. per 100. PEARS, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, ■JOS. per 100. General CATALOGUE of Seed and Herbaceous Plants post- free on application. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM. 3,ooOj0oo SEEDLINGS, 2, 3, and 4 years, fine ; also many thousands of stout bedded and transplanted. Santphs and Prices on applkatio7t. J. J. MARRIOTT, Highfield Nurseries, Matlock, Derbyshire. NEW POTATOS. A splendid exhibition variety, similar in shape to Early Rose, an enormous cropper, and of rich delicate flavour. Ripens some days before the Early Rose. Pricey gd. per lb., ys. 6d. per Peck of i^lb. TH E WASH I NGTON. NEW SEEDLING FOR 1879. An American variety of great excellence. Tubers delicate flesh colour, long, and somewhat flat. Flesh fine-grained and of excellent quality. Vigorous growth, and ripens a few days after Early Rose. ^s. per lb., T lb. bs. DANIELS BROS., THE ROYAL NORFOLK ESTABLISHMENT, NORWICH. THE NOVELTY OF THE SEASON. GILBERT'S NETTED VICTORY MELON. The only white-fieshed Melon that was awarded a First-class Certificate by the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1878. It is a good grower, free setter, and of a most exquisite flavour. Price, per pkt. of six seeds, 2J. (yd. Trade terms on application. W. & J. BROWN, SEED MERCHANTS, 56. HIGH STREET. STAMFORD. CRANSTON'S NURSERIES, Established 1785. EIGHTY ACRES. ROSES, FRUIT TREES, CONIFERS, FOREST TREES, &c. Descriptive and Priced Catalogue for 1878 710W ready. Address— CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD. SEED POTATOS.— Myatt's Prolific, Royal Ashleaf, Erin's Queen, Mona's Pride, Gloucestershire Kidney, Early Rose, Extra Early Vermont, Veitch's Ashleaf, Suowflake, International Kidney, Prince Arthur, Schoolmaster, Magnum Bonum, Beauty of Hebron, Covent Garden Per- fection, Trophy, Triumph, Table King, Scotch Champion, Superior, &c. Prices (moderate) on application to G. ERAMLEY, Hambleton. near Seiby, Yorkshire. Special Collections of PHOICE FLOWER SEEDS V^ FOR AMATEURS. We have designed the following Collections for persons who have only a small space at their command, and who do not wish to have large packets of seed, but still wish to have fl jwers of the best quality. We have saved several of the following from our own unsurpassed strains, and the others have been obtained (regardless of expense) from the most noted strains extant. We do not profess to give large quantities of seed, but we guarantee it to be of the best quality. The GREENHOUSE COLLECTION contains Balsam Improved Camellia-flowered, Begonia (tuberous rooted). Calceo- laria, Cineraria, Cockscomb, Cyclamen persicum, Petunia hybrida grandiflora, Primula sinensis fimbriata. The above eight, post-free, 55., or four of the above, post-free, zs. td. The BEDDING COLLECTION contains twelve of the most useful for raising in heat and bedding out in May, as follow : — Ageratum Imperial Dwarf Blue, Aster Dwarf Chry- santhemum-flowered, Cineraria maritima, Linum grandiflorum rubrum. Lobelia speciosa, Myo^otis (Forget-Me-Not), Perilla nankinensis, Petunia hybrida, Pyrethrum aureum laciniatum, Phlox Drummondi grandiflora splendens, Stock (large-flowered dwarf German), Zinnia, double. The above twelve, post-free, 2,s. td.; six, post-free, is. gd. The HARDY COLLECTION contains twelve of the best and most showy hardv annuals, post-free, is. 2d. FELTON AND SONS, Royal Nurseries and Seed Ware- house, Harborne Road, Birmingham. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.— Reduced Price : — In 4 bushel bags, bags included, at ix., or truckload of about 250 bushels, 25^. (truckJoad delivered free to rail in London). Post-office Order or Cheque will oblige with all orders. — J. STEVENS and CO., Greyhound Yarf, and 134. High Street, Battersea, S.W. pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, as V^y supplied by G. W. Tricker & Co. to the principal Nursery- men and Gardeners in the United Kingdom. Finest Kent and Hampshire PEATS, Bedfordshire SAND, LOAM, MANURES, and everything for the Garden and Conservatory, Goods free to Rail in London. Write for price list. G. W. TRICKER and CO , WimbledonRailway Station. S.W ARDEN REQUISITES.— COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, as supplied to Her Majesty and most of the leading Nurserymen and Gardeners. ^d. per bushel ; too for 20s. ; truck (loose, 250 bush.), 30J. 4-bushel bags, id. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5^. 6d. per sack; 5 sacks, 25s. : 12 for 455., or 365. per ton. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5^- per sack, 5 sacks 22s. ; 12 for 40s., or 345'. per ton ; sacks, 4d. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, is. gd. per bushel; 15^- half ton, 26,?. per ton ; in i cwt. bags, 4V. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT MOULD, and LEAF MOULD, IS. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8^. e^f. per sack. Manures, Garden Sticks, Virgin Cork, Tobacco Cloth and Paper. Russia Mats. &c. Write for free PRICE LIST. Goods free to rail. H. G. SMYTH. 10, Castle Street, Endell Street. Long Acre,W.a PEAT.— South of England Horticultural Peat Lands.— C. R. HOLLOVVAY. Christchurch, Hants.— BROWN. FIBROUS, Light-weighing Peat, of excellent quality, for Orchids, Ferns, &c., well cut in Turfs and carefully loaded into Railway Trucks, at 17^. td. per ton, in loads of 4 Tons and upwards. Sample bag, 5^. ; five bags, 21s. ; 12 bags, 40s. Some also, of good quality, at 13^. td. per ton, four tons and upwards. " Carriage rates given." EAT for RHODODENDRONS and ordi- nary POT PLANTS, in trucks containing 14 yards or loads, put on rail at Ringwood Station, jC^ i5.y. Carriage paid to London or any Station on the L. & S. W. Railway, jCs S*- per truck of fourteen loads. Cash or reference. J. PRYER, Manager, Peat Stores, Vauxhall Station and Ringwood. ___^^_ Fibrous Peat for Orchids, &c. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids. Stove Plants. &c., jQt ts. per truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds. iss. per ton. Delivered on rail at Blackwater. S. E. R., or Famborough, S. W. R., by the truckload. Sample bag, 4s. ; 5 bags, 20J. J 10 bags, 36s. Bags, 4d. each. Fresh SPHAGNUM. los. td. per bag. WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough Station, Hants. EAT SOIL, PEAT SOI L.— BROWN FIBROUS, good quality, for Orchids, Pot Plants, Ferns, &c., £6 ts. per truck. BLACK, good quality for American Plants, Rhododendrons. Azaleas, Heaths. &c, 17J. per ton, or 6-ton truck for £4 loj. Delivered on rail at Black- water, S.E.R., or Camberley, S.W.R., by the truckload. Cash with order. Sample sack, 5J. td., or four sacks. 2ar. HOLDER AND SON, Crown Nurseries, Reading. T H E BEST M A N U RE.— CARTER'S FERTILISER FOR FLOWERS. CARTER'S FERTILISER FOR POTATOS. CARTER'S FERTILISER FOR VEGETABLES. Professor Church says, " I am much pleased with the thoroughly s.itlsfactory character of Carter's Fertiliser." Price i^. 9f^. and 4^. 6J. per tin. Cheaper in larger quantities. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London. "VTINE MANURE.— Two-Cwt. sample, in T bag, free on Rail in London on receipt of P. O. O. for los. 6(/, payable to COLLINS AND CO., 28, Long Lane, Bermondsey, S.E., and Belvedere Manure Works, Belvedere, Kent. Safe and Certain. SIMPSON'S RED SPIDER and THRIP ANTIDOTE. Per quart, condensed, 6*.; per pint, 35. 6(i. Supplied to Seedsmen and Chemists. Prepared by JOHN KILNER, WorUey, Sheffield. February i, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 155 MANURE, LE FLORAL LE FLORAL For Every Gaxden. THE NEW FRENCH LE FLORAL, surpasses all others. FOR VEGETABLES iucreases the quantity. FOR FLOWERS increases size and brightens colour. _, ^o , r FOR TREES, &c. LE FLORAL, increases verdure and luxuriance. For testimonials, prices, and full particulars apply to The Sole Agents for England, SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. C L A Y'S FERTILISER, Or PLANT FOOD, Is now respectfully offered to the Public, after having been thoroughly tested and approved, during the last three years, by the principal Market Growers and Gardeners. It is a powerful and lasting Manure, quick in action, and clean and 'iafe to use See correspondence in Garth-ners' Chronicle, Oct. 5 12, 19, and 26. To be had of Seedsmen, Nurserymen, and Florists, in packets, is. ; and in bags, ■< cwt., js. 6d.:\iQ\vt.., i2i. 6d. ; I CNVt., 2oi. ; or by letter addressed to 174, High Street, Homerton. London, E. References can be given to over 200 of the principal Nurserymen and Florists. I S H U RST COMPOUND.— Used by many of the leading Gardeners since i8s9, against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from i to 2 ounces to the .gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Sold Retail by Seedsmen in Boxes, is.. 3J., and 10^. 6d. Wholesale by PRICE'S Pi^TENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). Wholesale Russia Mat Mercliaiits. ARENDAZ AND FISHER, Importers of ARCHANGEL and ST. PETERSBURG MATS, RAFFIA FIBRE, &c. Manufacturers of TANNED NETTING, TIFFANY, and other Garden Requisites. 9, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C. ARCHANGEL, ^ylATO PETERSBURG PACKING IVIM I O ETC. BAFFIA for TYING, TRAINING STICKS and LABELS, Bamboo Canes, Virgin Cork, ^c. M C. J. BLACKITH and CO., COX'S QUAY. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON. ANDERSON'S RUSSIA MATS For COVERING, TYING, and PACKING, are highly recommended for durability and cheapness. De- scriptive Catalogue sent post-free on application. SACKS and BAGS of every description, TARPAULINS, HORSE- CLOTHS. ROPES. LINES, and TWINES.— JAMES T. ANDERSON, 140, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E. To OrcMd Growers. BA S K E T S. — Superior made, Teak-wood ; galvanised or copper wire used. Sample Basket sent carriage paid on receipt of 24 stamps. List of Prices on appli- cation. Reference to several Prize Growers. ALFRED GRANT AND CO., Steam Works, 39}^, Leather Lane, London. E.G. TERRA-COTTA more durable than Stone.— Vases, Tazzas, Flower Trays, Pedestals, Balustrades, Brackets, Terminals, Cornices, &c. For designs and prices apply to JOHN M. BLASHFIELD, 42, Berners Street, W. KosUer's Garden Edging Tiles. THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially 'suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they harbour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO, Manufacturers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfriars, S. E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ; Kingsland Road. E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES," PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNA.MENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c. , from 3.J. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheets of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c. T. ROSHER AND CO,. Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SILVER SAND, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by Post per Ton or Tmckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above, N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. Under tlie Patronage of the Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BLACK-FACED LETTERS. The Gardeners' Magazine says :— " We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit. Samoles and Price Lists free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon. IndestructiWe Terra-Cotta Plant Markers. MAW AND CO.'S PATENT.— Prices, Printed Patterns, and Specimens, sent post- free on application: also Patterns of Ornamental Tile Pave- ments for Conservatories. Entrance Halls, S:c. MAW AND CO., Benthall Works. Broseley. ELLI WELL'S PATENTED NEW SYSTEM of AIR and WATER-TIGHT IMPERISHABLE GLAZING. All Woodwork is covered, and no outside Painting is required. Old Roofs Reglazed. Any one can repair or take in pieces. " It is suitable for Railway Stations, Mills, Weaving Sheds, &c. , but is specially applicable to Conservatories, Plant Houses, and Orchard Houses, and we should be very much inclined to try the system. It is certainly worth looking to."— The Builder. ** And will, in our opinion, supersede any other similar system before the public." — Building Nezvs. "It seems to meet the end in view more nearly than any thing we have seen yet." — The Field. " The patent has given high satisfaction to every one using it." — T/t£ Christian Union. " Convincingly prove the new Glazing System to be worthy the attention of readers of the Keystone."— Tlie Keystone. For Estimates, Drawings, or Particulars, apply to the Patentee, T. -W. HELLIWELL, Brighouse, Yorkshire: or, rg. Parliament Street, London,W.C. S T E V ENS' TRENTHAM GREENHOUSE BOILER, After long experience, has proved the most SIMPLE. ECONOMICAX, EFFECTUAL, and LASTING BOILER extant ; recently improved. See Testimonials from Highest Authorities. For Illustrations, with full particulars, aoplv to the Sole Makers, F. & J. SILVESTER. HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ftc, &c., Castle Hill Works, Newcastle, Staflbrdshire. it^ Our Boilers are the onlv ones made with the sanction and under the inspection of the inventor, Mr. Stevens— all others being base imitations. THE GRAVEL- WALK METAL SCRAPER MATS.— They improve the appearance of Entrances, are suitable for all kmds of Gravel-walk Entrances, in all weathers, either to remove the loose grit after summer showers, or the dirt or snow of winter. Their texture gives a fimi hold to tltefcct in ■whateve?- direction yoii stefi. They are the width of an ordinary step, and being directly in the path cannot escape use, save much wear in other mats, floorcloths, and carpets, and their endurance is incalculable. Lengths, 2 feet 3 inches, price ■LOS. ; 2 feet 6 inches, 12s. ; 3 feet, 14^. ; 3 feet 4 inches, 16s. ; 3 feet 8 inches, iZs. ; 4 feet, "zos. All 12 inches wide. Tidcombe's Patent Gravel-walk Metal Scraper Mats are suitable for Mansions, Villas, French Casements, Conservatories, Hothouses, Greenhouses, Flower Gardens, Kitchen Gardens, Places of Worship, Colleges, Schools, Manufactories, Hotels, Public Institutions, and all Entrances leading from Sandy, Gritty, or Gravel Walks. Delivered on Railway on receipt of re- mittance,payable to G. TIDCOMBE AND SON.Watford, Herts. Galvanised Corrugated Roofing (Salvage). BROOKER, DORE and CO., 2, Rood Lane, London, E.C., have a quantity of slightly dis- coloured but otherwise sound Sheets for sale cheap, 4 to 10 feet long and 2 feet wide. IFFANY liid ELASTIC NETTING (REGISTERED).— It is now twenty-five years since we introduced the article we called "SHAW'S TIFFANY "lor horticultural shading and protecting, and up to the present all imitations have fallen short of the beauty, texture, and utility of the article. Our immense sale enables us at all times to put it on the market at a lower price than any other house. Tiffany and Elastic Netting (REGISTERED), with Canvas and all other Shading and Protecting Materials, manufactured and sold by JOHN SHAW AND CO., 2g, Oxford Street. Manchester. Samples and prices on application. Send for a PRICE LIST of BLAKE'S SELF-ACTING HYMATILIC EAIS, For Raising Water for the Supply of Villages, Irrigation, Railway Stations, Mansions, Fountains, Farms. iVo Cost for Motive Pmvcr, -which is obtained from the Stream of Water passing through the Hams. NO OILING OR PACKING REQUIRED Made in sizes to raise from 300 to 100,000 Gallons per day. WILL FORCE TO A HEIGHT OF 1500 FEET. y Post. Estimates sent free of charge. Ladies and Gentlemen waited upon. ^ Illustrated CATALOGUES of GREENHOUSES, VINERIES, HEATING APPAR.VTUS &c sent free on application. Richly Illustrated CATALOGUE of HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS and HE.'\TING APP.^R.VrUS (the Designs t.aken from Works executed by M. & Co.), post-free for tliirtv-thrce stamps. Gentlemen consulting this Cat.aIogue have the advantage of inspecting designs whose efficiency 'has been tested by actual experience. TheThames Bank Iron Company OLD BARGE WHARF, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E., Have the largest and most complete stock in the Trade ; upwards of ;£2o,ooo worth to choose from. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, And all CASTINGS for HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. Their New Illustrated Catalogue, Zth Editmi, now ready {price Sixpence). Hot-water Apparatus erected complete, or the Materials supplied at Wholesale Prices. SPECIALITY 11 ORAI&E MARMALADE. THE SEVILLE ORANGE MARMALADE IS PREPARED ONLY BY JOHN MOIR & SON (Purveyors by Special Appointment to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales), LONDON, ABERDEEN, and SEVILLE, At their FACTORY in SEVILLE, under Patent from H.M. ALFONSO XIL, KING of SPAIN. All OTHEK Brands of marmalade are prepared in the old way. Pots and Bottles will be wrapped in pink paper and stamped, as shown in the Daily News, January i, 4, 13, 15, and 17. PARIS EXHIBITION, 1878. THE SILVER MEDAL [Highest Award) GALVANISED WIRE NETTING (The Jury Reports are not yet published.) PHILADELPHIA CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION, 1876, PRIZE MEDAL (Highest Award). Jthy Report : — " Excellence in diagonal weaving of a low-priced fabric." The above Medals have been awarded to Barnard, Bishop & Barnards, The Inventors and Original Manufacturers of MACHINE-MADE WIRE NETTING. Price Lists free on application. Barnard, Bishop & Barnards, NORFOLK IRONWORKS, NORWICH, AND 91, 93, and 95, Queen Victoria St., London, E.G. "rpHE CLOSER WE SHAVE our customers J- the better they like us, and if we take, easily, all but their skin, they are delighted." Thus said, or did, MECHl'S MAGIC STROPS, PASTE, and RAZORS, which for Fifty Years have maintained the No. i position. — 112, Regent Street, London, W. — All the nice things in Dressing Bags, Dressing Cases, and EleRancies for Presentation. Catalogues post-free. THE IMPROVEMENT OF LANDED ESTATES, By DRAINAGE, ENCLOSING, CLEARING, The ERECTION of FARM BUILDINGS and COTTAGES WATER SUPPLY, &c. The Land Loan and Enfranchisement Co. (Incorporated by Special Act of Parliament) ADVANCES MONEY: 1st. —To the OWNERS of SETTLED and OTHER ESTATES, for the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages, and for the Drainage, Irrigation, Enclosing, Clearing and General Improvement of Landed Property in any part of the United Kingdom. 2d. — To the OWNERS of SETTLED ESTATES in ENGLAND, for the Erection or Completion of Mansions, Stables, and Outbuildings, and for the Construction or Erection of Reservoirs, and other Works of a permanent nature, to supply Water for the use of the Estate, or for any other purpose. 3d.— To LANDOWNERS generally, to enable them to subscribe for Shares in Companies for the Construction of Rail- ways and Navigable Canals, which will beneficially affect their Estates. 4th.— To INCUMBENTS, for the Improvement of their Glebe Lands, by Drainage, and the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages. 5th.— To COPYHOLDERS, for the Enfranchisement of Copyhold Lands. The amount borrowed, with the expenses, would be charged on the Estate benefited, and repaid by a rent-charge, termi- nating in twenty-five years. No Investigation of the Landowner's Title is necessary. Forms of application, and all further particulars may be obtained of Messrs. RAWLENCE and SQUAREY, 22, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W., and Salisbury ; of Messrs. ASHURST, MORRIS, CRISP and CO.. 6. Old Jewry. London. E.C. ; of Messrs. GILLESPIE and PATERSON, W.S., 81A, George Street, Edinburgh, Agents for the Company in Scotland ; and at the Offices of the Company, as below. T. PAIN, Managing Director. EDWIN GARROD, Secretary. Land Loan and Enfranchisement Company, 22, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W. Accidents Occur Daily— Accidents of all Kinds Provided against by a Policy of the RAILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE COMPANY. —The Oldest and Largest Accidental Assurance Company. The Right Hon. Lord Kinnaird, Chairman. Subscribed Capital, ;£i,ooo,ooc. Annual Income. ;i2i4.ooo. A fixed sum in case of Death by Accident, and a Weekly Allowance in the event of Injury, may be secured at moderate Premiums. Bonus allowed to Insurers of five years' standing. ;£i, 350,000 have been paid as compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or 64, CornhiU, London. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. 158 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February i, 1879. THE GAEDENEES' OHEONIOLE. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING. Head Line cluirsed as two. 4 Lines 7 „ 8 „ 9 „ 10 ,, 11 „ 12 „ 13 14 ..£.0 15 Lines 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 .i,a 8 . o 9 . o 9 o 10 O II O II O 12 O 12 o 13 o 13 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30i. Page £9 " ° HalfPage 5 o o Column 3 5 ° GAEDENERS, AND OTHERS, WANTING SITUATIONS. 25 words IS. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. Births, Deaths and Marriages, 51. each insertion. Advertis€i;u>its for the current week MUST reach Vie Office by Thursdiiy noon. All Subscriptions Payable in Advance. The United Kingdom: 12 Months, l,i 31. lorf. ; 6 Months, iij. \\d. : 3 Months, 6^. Foreign : 26^., including Postage for 12 Months. P. 0.0. to be made payable at the King Street Post-offica, W.C, to W. Richards. New Works, Now Ready. THE NATURAL HISTORY of PLANTS Bv H Baillon, President of the Luinean Society of Paris Professor of Medical Natural History, and IJirector of the Botanical Garden of the Faculty of M<=;i":;"<; °f /=;,';f/ Vol. v., with 482 Wood Engravings, 251. Vols. 1. to IV. with 1800 Wood Engr.avings, 2.15^ each. FLORAL MAGAZINE, New Series, enlarged to royal 410 : Coloured Plates and Descriptions of the choicest New Flowers for the Garden, Stove or Conservatory. Edited by Richard Dean, F.R.H.S. ; the Drawings by J. N Fitch. No. 86, February, with four beautifully Coloured Plates, 3J. bd. Annual Subscription, 42s. BOTANICAL~MAGAZINE, Coloured Plates, and Descriptions by Sir J. D. Hooker, C.B., F.R.S., of New and Rare Plants suitable for the Garden, Stove, or yr=en- house. No. 4IO, February, with six beautifully Coloured Plates, 3J. 6d. Annual Subscription, 4;^^ FLORAL PLATES, beautifully coloured by hand, 6"*« Plants, Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, as well as Pleasure and Kitchen Gardening. Good character. — T. T., Garden House. Wembley Park, Sudbury, Middlesex. (:j^RDENER (Head, or good Single- ^--J" handed).— Age 36, married, one child ; thoroughly understands the general routine of Gardening, Nine years' food character.— A. B., Whiteman's Library, Castle Street, lasungs, Sussex. GARDENER (He.^d), or GENERAL MANAGER.— Thoroughly experienced practical man. — A. B., Ogbourne Maizey, Marlborough. G1 ARDENER, where two or three are kept. — •^ Age 31 ; understands Vines, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants.— W. P., Alder Cottage, AigburthRoad, Liverpool. GARDENER, where one or two are kept- Age 23; five years' good character. Understands Forcing Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, &c., thoroughly. — S.. Duffield Hall, near Derby. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where two or three are kept. — Age 27, single ; good character. Five years in present situation. — r. P., Milton Abbey Gardens, Blandford, Dorset. GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). — Age 26, married : higuly recommended from last situation — J. B., 6, West Street, Colchester. r^ ARDENER (Second).— Age 24 ; eight VT years' experience.— A. HOWARD, Catlin Street, Boxmoor, Herts. GARDENER (Second). — A young Man requires a situation as above ; understands the duties ; good reference from last sftuation.— J. CHANDLER, ]\lr. Styles, Spring Road, Abingdon, Berks. GARDENER (Second), in the Houses, in a first-class establishment, where horticulture is cherished. — Age 20 : gocd experience in the general routine of Gardening, also in the management of Orchids, Ferns, and Stove Plants, ^ovith preferred. Good character and reference. — H. D., The Gardens, Normanby Park, lirigg, Lincolnshire. GARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's Garden. — Age 24 : to live in lodge preferred. — T. S.. ^, Castle View, Eletchingly, Surrey. FOREMAN, in a Private Establishment.— Age 26 ; twelve years' experience in good places, — A. M. C, 5. Castle Vard, Highgate, N. FOREMAN, in the Houses. — Age 23 ; has been two years in present situation as above. Good cha- racter—G. MILDON, The Gardens. Froyle Park, Alton, Hants. FOREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden. — Age 26 ; eleven years' experience in good esta- blishments. Good character. — B. C, 41, Cochrane Street, St. John's Wood, London, N.W. FOREMAN, in the Kitchen Garden. — Age 23 ; six years' experience, and good references from present employer. — J. BUTLER, Rose Cottage, Moor Street, Kidlington. FOREMAN. — Age 27 ; great experience in each department of Fruit and Plant Growing. Highest references and testimonials as to character and ability. — JAMES CORBETT. Fair Lawn. Lytham, Lancashire. FOREMAN.— Has been First Foreman in the Houses in a first-class Garden establishment for the last three years. Has liis master's permission to exchange situations with any Foreman holding a similar position. Cha- racter irreproachable. — W. K., Gnmiey, Worcester. FOREMAN, in a Gentleman's Garden, or in a Florist's Nursery. Has good knowledge of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Early and Late Forcing and Growing Fruit, Ferns, and Cut Flowers for Market. Good references for honesty and sobriety.— C. CHATFIELD, i, High Street, Leyton, Essex. OREMAN, or SOFT-WOODED PRO- PAGATOR. — Age 27 ; twelve years' market experience. State wages. — X. Y. Z., 5, Stamford Cottages, Stamford Hill, N. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR of Roses, Conifera; and Clematis. — Age 36, single ; twenty years' experience in Budding, also choice Fruit, Ferns, Cucumbers and Flowering Plants for market. Five years* character. — X., The " Crown," Cricklewood, N.W. To Nursersanen and Florists. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— The Subscriber offers his services to any Nurseryman or Florist in want of a thorough energetic Working Foreman and Propagator : is also well versed in the Growing and Forcing of Plants and Flowers for Market. Highest references given. — J. I., Model Cottage, Rushey Green, Lewisham, S.E. PROPAGATOR, or PROPAGATOR and FOREMAN (Indoors). — Long experience in Growing Hard or Soft-wonded Plants, Propagatmg and Grafting. — ALPHA, Sloan House, 40, Queen's Road, Chelsea, S.W. GENERAL FOREMAN (Second), in a Nursery. — Age 24 ; good experience. Satisfactory references can be given.— JAMES ROBERTSON, Newton Nurseries, Chester. JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 21 : two years* good character from present em- ployer.—S. GRASSING, The Gardens, Powis Castle, Wekhpool. URSERY FOREMAN.— Age 25, married ; ten years' experience. Good Budder and Grafter of Roses and Fruit Trees, and the general work of an Outdoor Nursery.— W. CULL, 9, Tuller Street, Heridon, N.W. URSERY FOREMAN, SALESMAN, &c. — Thoroughly practical, indoors and out ; first-class Eudder, Grafter, and Propagator, Industrious and trust- worthy. Highest reference. — HORTUS, Messrs. F. & A. Dickson & Son, Upton Nurseries, Chester. JOURNEYMAN, in a good estabhshmenL —Age 21 ; good references.— A. C. H., The Gardens, Holmewood, near Peterborough. TDROPAGATOR for Soft-wood. — Under- J- stands Roses. Five-and-half years' experience in one of the leadmg nurseries. Good references.— W. H., 137, Castle Street, Salisbury. IMPROVER ; age 20.— The Advertiser wishes to get into some good Nursery (London preferred), where learning can be obtained : learning in preference to high wages is his object. Nearly five years* excellent character. — LA CHAUMIERE, Stock Gaylard. Sherborne, Dorset. ROPAGATOR (OUTDOOR). — First-rate Budder and Grafter ; also good Packer. Stale wages. — ROBERT MULHALL, 9, Etterby Street. Stanwix. Carlisle. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Soft- wooded Plants, &c.— Age 25 ; good reference.— E. J., 4, St. Stephen's Terrace, Albert Square. Clapham, Surrey, S.W. SSISTANT PROPAGATOR or FORE- MAN, or ASSISTANT PROPAGATOR and FORE- MAN.— Age 25 ; could Manage small Business, Versed in Bedding Plants, knowledge of Shrubs, Palms, Ferns, and Winter-flowering Plants ; good Salesman and Penman. London not objected to.— COTTERELL, 7, Stirling Place, Cliftonville, Brighton. To the Seed Trade. MANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN. — Twenty-one years* experience in all branches. Good references. — W. TODD, Messrs. Rollisson & Sons', The Nurseries, Tooting, S.W. QHOPMAN (He.\d), TRAVELLER, COR- O RESPONDENT.— Age 34; eighteen years' experience in London Seed Trade. References unexceptionable. — BETA, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, W.C. SHOPMAN (Head, or otherwise). — Now disengaged. Large experience in all branches of the business. Unexceptional references. — H. H., Messrs. Minier, Nash & Nash, 60. Strand, London, W.C. O the NURSERY TRADE.— A thorough pushing and energetic Man (age 35), well up in the Nursery Trade, is in want of a Situation. A rare opportunity to any Nurseryman who may require his services. — CON AMORE, Gardeners Chronicle Oftice, W.C. SSISTANT, or IMPROVER, in Whole- sale or Retail Seed Establishment. — Fair knowledge of Nursery Business. Not afraid of work. Best references.^ E. H. A., Messrs. Ewing & Co., Eaton. Norwich. TRAVELLER. — A gentleman is open for an engagement as above (for the season) ; good connection in Scotland and Ireland for the sale of Clovers, Rye-grasses, and Manures. — W. K., Haldane's, 3S, Cambridge Street, Glasgow. ELAZENBY AND SON'S PICKLES, * SAUCES, and CONDIMENTS.— E. LAZENEY AND SON, sole proprietors of the celebrated recipes, and manufacturers of the pickles, sauces, and condiments so long and favourably distinguished by the name, beg to remind the public that every article prepared by them is guaranteed as entirely unadulterated. — 92, Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square (late 6, Edward Street, Portman Square), and 18, Trinity Street, London, S-E. HARVEY'S SAUCE.— CAUTION.— The admirers of this celebrated sauce are particularly requested to observe that each bottle prepared by E. LAZENBY AND SON bears the label, used so many years, signed '^ Elizabeth Lazenby." I N A HAN'S lT whisky INAHAN'S LL WHISKY. Pure, Mild and Mellow, Delicious and Most Wholesome. Universally recommended by the Profession. The Cream of Old Irish Whiskies. INAHAN'S LL WHISKY. Dr. Hassall says — " Soft and Mellow, Pure, well Matured, and of very excellent quality." INAHAN'S LL WHISKY. Gold Medal, Paris Exhibition. 187S: Dublin Exhibition, the Gold Medal.— 20, Great Titchfield Street, London, W. K K K K 1865, E P P 8 ' S GRATEFUL {James Epps 6-» Co., Homaopathic Chemists.) COMFORTING COCOA. Freedom from Coughs is given in Ten Minutes by P)R. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS, -■— ^ and a rapid cure of Asthma, Consumption, Coughs, Colds, Bronchitis, and all Disorders of the Breath and Lungs. In Rheumatic and Nervous pains they act like a charm. Nothing else gives such a sound, refreshing night's rest. Price IS, x'%d. and 2.r. <^d. bl N NEFORD'S MAGNESIA. The Medical Profession for over Forty Years have approved of this pure solution as the Best Remedy for ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH, HEARTBURN, HEADACHE, GOUT, AND INDIGESTION, and as the safest Aperient for Delicate Constitutions, Ladies Children, and Infants. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. HOLLOWA\"S OINTMENT and PILLS. Rheumatism. Neuralgia.— It is sometimes difficult to determine which of these diseases is afflicting the sufferer, but this ignorance will not matter if Holloway's remedies be used. They alleviate and cure all muscular and nervous pains. In hereditary rheumatism, after bathing the affected parts with warm salt water, Holloway's Omtment should be well rubbed upon the spot, that it may penetrate and e.\ert its soothing and regulating properties on the deeper vessels and nerves which are unduly excited, and cause both the pain and swelling. Holloway's treatment has the merit of removing the disease without debilitating the constitution, which was the inevitable result of the bleeding, mercury, and colchicum practice formerly adopted in these complaints. i6o TME GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [[February i, 1879. WEBB'S CHOICE VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS, Are offered at very Moderate Prices. Orders despatched the same day as received. THE BEST GREEN-FLESHED MELON. WEBB'S WOODFIELD MELON. An exquisite variety, of delicious flavour, fruit handsomt, and beautifully netted. Per pack3t 2s. 6d. WEBB'S TRIUMPH PEA (NEW). A wrinkled marrow, of robust and branching habit, very prolific and of delicious flavour — the best Pea for main t:rop. Fer quart, 3s. 6d. WEBB'S SUMMERHILL CABBAGE LETTUCE. The best summer Lettuce that can be grown. It folds in quickly, and is of excellent flavour. Per packet, Is. ; per ounce, 2s. WEBB'S SUPERB CALCEOLARIA. Saved from a very fine Prize Collection of plants. Per packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. WEBB'S CHOICE PRIMULA. Saved from the finest fringed flowers. Per packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. €d. WEBB'S BRILLIANT PETUNIA. Large flowering varieties of the most brilliant colours, beauti- fully striped and spotted. Per packet is. 6d. and 23. 6d. ALL FLOWER SEEDS FREE BV POST. 'WEBB'S =1 PRODUCE^A CONSTANT THE BEST VEGETABLES ALLTHBYEAR ROUND 5 PER CENT DISCOUMT FOR CASH pSE:E:D.S..OF,aO/.VALU£ CARRIAQt: FREE^X' ^jrSJSTRATEPtATALOGUES POST FREE^ 1^* These Collections contain a liberal assort- ment of the best V^arieties in. Cultivation, and are specially arranged. For LARGE GARDENS, At 42-r. and 63;. each| carriage free. For MEDIUM-SIZED GARDENS, At 21^. and 31^. 6(i'. each, carriage free. For VILLA GARDENS, At Is. 6d., 12s. 6 J. and 15s. each. ALL WHO HAVE A GARDEN SHOULD SEND FOE WKBB'S SPRING CATALOGUE For 1879. Post-free is. Gratis to Customers. Illustrated with Splendidly Executed Coloured Plates and Hundreds of Superior Engravings. ^^ The best Guide to Successful Cultivation, invaluable to tlie Amateur and Professional Gardener. " This publication is alike reinarkable for Its extreme elegance and thorough usefulness." — Gardeners' Magazine. THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, THE BEST BROCCOLI. WEBB'S PERFECTION BROCCOLI Very large pure white heads, close and compact, and of superior flavour. Per packet, Is. ; per oimce, 2s. 6d. WEBB'S MAMMOTH FLOWER. CAULI- Au excellent compact variety. Heads large, firm, and beautifully white, the very best for main crop. Per packet, Is. ; per ounce, 2s. 6d. WEBB'S SUPERB WHITE COS LETTUCE. This variety grows to an immense size, turns in well, and is very crisp and sweet. Per packet, Is. ; per ounce, 2s. 6d. WEBB'S SUPERB CINERARIA. The finest strain in cultivation— not to be surpassed. Per packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. WEBB'S COMPLETE COLLECTIONS CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS. Specially arranged to produce a brilliant and continuous bloom during Summer and Autumn. No. I. I lOs. 6d. I No. 2. 16s. No. 3. 21s. I No. 4. I I 31s. 6d. I No. 5. I No. 5a. 42s. I 638.eadl Smaller Collections from ^s. td. ALL FLOIVER SEEDS FREE BY POST. WORDSEEY, STOURBRIDGE. Eduorial Communications should be addressed to The EdUor ; ' Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradburv, Agnew, & Co. , Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by tho said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday. February i, 1870, Agent for Manchester— John Hkvwood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mknzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. ^stablisljcir 1841. A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AM) ALLIED SUBJECTS. No. 267.— Vol. XI. {sS^Is.} SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1879. j Registered at the General ( Post Office as a Newspaper. Price 5d. Post Fkee, 5|(/. CONTENTS. Adiantum belliim (with cut) Amicia zycomeris Antediluvian forest in Germany Ants, how to destroy Ash disease Bamboos Bees in Peach-houses . . Birds and fruit-buds Brussels Sprouts and early Cabbage . . Carnations, tree . . Cattleya Skinneri Champion Potato Cocoa-nut husks . . Dendrobium nobile Ferns from Borneo Ferns, New Zealand Floras, origin of existing Florists' flowers . . Forestry .. Frost, damage done by the late .. Gardeners, classification of for exhibition pur- poses Garden operations Alasdevallia Parlatoreana Orchids at Kew .. Orchid collecting in New Grenada . . . . 171 Palermo Botanic Garden (with cut) . . .. 176 Passion-flower, the, and the frost 17S Peaches and winter dress- ing . . .. . . iSi Pear, Vicar of Winkfield i8t Peas, Telegraph and Tele- phone 180 Plants, a new natural order of . . .. . . 170 Plants, new garden (with cut) . . . . . . 172 Plants, self-defence among 169 Potato, Schoolmaster .. iSo Royal Horticultural So- ciety, the Ru'jcus racemosus Seeds, weight of . . Selaginella bellula (with cui) Sydney, N.S.W., notes from Tomtits and sparrows .. Verbenas, disease of ., i3i Victoria, native plants of 177 Weather, the .. .. 183 Wiring garden walls .. 180 176 179 17S 173 1S7 181 Now Ready, In cloth, 163., HE GARDENERS-' CHRONICLE VOLUME for JULY to DECEMBER, 187S. W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. T ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. —The ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING of the Royal Horticultural Society will beheld in the Council Room at South Kensington on TUESDAY, February ii, to receive the Report of the Council, and for the Election of Members of Council, Oftcers, Expenses Committeemen, and Auditors. Chair to be taken at 3 o'Clock p.m. R^oyal^hortYcultural society, South Kensington. S.W. NOTICE.— SCIENTIFIC, FRUIT, and FLORAL COM- MITTEES' MEETINGS on TUESDAY next, February ii, at II o'clock. Admission \s. N.B.— The ANNUAL MEETING of the Society will be held at 3 o'clock, in consequence of which the Committees will meet in the Conservatory. r>OYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICUL- \> TURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER. HORTICULTURAL MEETING at the Town Hall Manchester, iSth of MARCH NEXT. The GRAND NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHI- BITION of 1879 will open in the Gardens, Old Trafford, MAY 30. For Schedules apply to the undersigned. BRUCE FINDLAY, Curator and Secretary. Royal Botanic Cirdens, Manchester. riRAND FLORAL FETE at York, TUNE VJ 18, 19, 20, 1879. PRIZES, SIX HUNDRED POUNDS. Schedules, now ready, on application to the Secretary.— N.B. Special Prizes for large Collection of Fruit. 13, New Street, York. JNO. WILSON, Sec. pRYSTAL PALACE.— Vv^ FLOWER SHOWS. 1879. SATURDAY, May 24. GREAT FLOWER SHOW of the Season. SATURDAY, June 28, GREAT ANNUAL ROSE SHOW by the National Rose Society. Schedules will shortly be ready, and will be forwarded to applicants and previous exhibitors. A LEXANDRA P A L A C E.— Xi. The GREAT ROSE SHOW will be held on SATURDAY. July 5. Schedules of Prizes will shortly be ready, and may be obtained on application to The MANAGER, Alexandra Palace, Muswell Hill. H COPER'S ROUND WHITE -^-*- POTATO. Price 35i. per bushel, loi. 6V MIMULUS. DOUBLE BEGONIA. IT IS ONLY V ' ii ' SINGLE BEGONIA. CANNELL'S GENUINE SEEDS That bear this Trade Mark on every Packet. ANTIRRHINUMS (POMPONS) even surpass those dwarf varieties so much admired last year in Paris. „ SHOW VARIETIES —Every seed saved from the beautifully striped florist-shaped flowers. A packet must prove most interesting. \s. per pkt. ASTERS.— Both my English Quilled or Globe in 24 colours, and the ordinary and finest imported, are the best and the most useful in cultivation. The latter are specially grown for me. \s. and is. per packet. AURICULAS. — if any one were to see my Auriculas when in their height of beauty, every lover of the garden would count on seeing their almost endless charms every spring. Perhaps no flower is so captivating as these hardy plants, is. and 2^. 6rf. per packet. BALSAM. — The Gardeners' Magazine speaks of my loo-fect house thus: — "A very noteworthy feature at the present moment is a house filled with Balsams, which for the splendid quality of the flowers and the skill evmced in their cultivation have certainly not been surpassed. The flowers are, indeed, so large in size and perfect in form, that the strain may be described as one of the finest in existence. This house of Ualsams is alone worth a journey to Swanley." li. and 2J. per packet BEGONIAS.— It is a question if my 1 30 varieties of all the best varieties is not the most complete and perfect in England. Seed most carefully selected and hybridised of all the best new sorts. Mixed, from single flowers, is, 6d. ; double, 2i. td, (Sec £7/^ra7'in,^.J W. J. Miller, Esq., Lasswade, Edinburgh :— " t got some seedling Eegonias from you some time ago, which have turned out splendidly." BETA CHILENSIS.— No one without seeing this wonderfully high brilliant-coloured variety, which attains the height of 8 feet, can form any conception of their splendour, is. per packet. CALCEOLARIAS, Spotted, from the fact of the millions of seed- lings sent to all parts, are well known to be far beyond the ordinary strains. 2S. 6d. per packet. CANNELL'S PERFECTION SWEET WILLIAM (half an acre), the cream of Hunt's varieties ; greatly improved ; in innumerable colours, beautifully smooth and circular, is. per packet. CINERARIAS. — Perhaps mine is now the best and choicest named Collection in England from which the seed is saved, differing considerably from the ordi- nary seedlings so usually seen. is. and -zs. per packet. COBCEA SCANDENS.— The best, quickest grower, and the freest bloomer of all the summer climbers for any purpose, is. per packet. ,. VARIEGATA.— ij. 6d. per packet. COCKSCOMB.— Improved and more refined shape and coloured combs than the Edmburgh strain. I have for years been stieciing it. and hundreds who have seen my plants will bear testimony, is. 6d. per packet. COLEUS. — Every variety is purchased and tested, and only the most beautiful and distinct grown, consequently the seed is from the chuicest. 25. 6d. per packet. CYCLAMENS. — Mine are now in full flower and need no comment, only tu come and bee them. is. and zs. per packet. DAHLLA.S. — Beyond all doubt my collection of 2S0 varieties, including the splendid single kinds, is the most complete and select in England. The Press speak of them thus :—" Among exhibits not for competition, mention must be made of the splendid collection of lOo Dahlias from Mr. Cannell ; they were simply perfection." is. per packet. TRADELMAR1& FRENCH MARIGOLDS.— My splendid Exhibition Strain. Many first prizes have been taken with my supply of seed, from one end of the land to the other. 15. per packet. GLADIOLI.— Most carefully saved from my named collec- tion ; seed sown one season makes the best flowering bulbs the next. I J. per packet. GLOXINIA ELEGANTISSIMA PUNCTATA. — This beautiful spotted variety even excels the Calceolaria in neatness and beauty, and was one of the most striking features of the London shows last year. Seed 2s, per packet. HELIOTROPES.— From the select and best new French Bedding kinds IS, per packet. LANTANAS.— From the dwarfest and highest colours of mine. The largest collection, is. per packet. LOBELIAS, TRUE BLUE and BRIGHTON.— By far the best of aM the dark blues for carpet and other bedding, is. per packet. MIGNONETTE, CANNELL'S LARGE WHITE.— By far the whitest, sweetest, and the best for bouquets ; good for any purpose, is. per packet. „ MILES' SPIRAL, for pot culture. As to its purity and fragrance it is nearly equal to the above, and for market invaluable. Habit similar to the zonal. These two must become generally groivn. 11. per packet, 51. per half ounce, 7s.' 6^ feet, perfect specimens, iSi. to 60J. per dozen. „ ELEGANTISSIMA, 1% to =M feet, 151. to 301. per doz. „ SEMPERAURESCENS, i to 2 ft. 12s. to 361. per doz. ,, GIGANTEA. 3 to 4;<< feet, 21J. to 30J. per dozen. THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, 7 feet, sj. each. sor. per dozen. YUCCAS, of sorts, \is. to 36J. per dozen. HORNBEAM, 6 to 9 feet, loj. to 30^. per 100. BEECH, Common, s to 6 feet, 16^. per 100. HORSE CHESTNUT, 9 to 10 feet, iss. per dozen. H. BLANDFORD, The Dorset Nurseries, Blandford. NEW POTATOS. 2 m > r < A splendid exhibition variety, similar in shape to Early Rose, an enormous cropper, and of rich delicate flavour. Ripens some days before the Early Rose. P}-icc^ c)d. per Ib.^ js. 6d. pe?- Peck of 14 lb. TH E WASH I N GTON. NEW SEEDLING FOR 1870. An American variety of great excellence. Tubers delicate flesh colour, long, and somewhat flat. Flesh fine-grained and of excellent quality. Vigorous growth, and ripens a few days after Early Rose. is. per lb., y lb. 6s. BANIEIiS BBOS., THE ROYAL NORFOLK ESTABLISHMENT, NORWICH. To the Trade. AZALEA, semi-double, a large quantity to offer, Cffi. per dozen sprays, or 6j. per dozen bunches. C. WILSON, Nurseryman, Kendal. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS' defiance cabbage! DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. Giant Early Marrow. THE EARLIEST IN CULTIVATION. " It is a splendid Cabbage. Mrs. Williams cut some last season only eight weeks planted out, weighing 7 lb. each.*' — Mrs. Williams, Kilmaganny, Ireland. THE BEST FLAVOURED CABBAGE. ** I am greatly pleased with your Defiance Cabbage, which is in all respects the best flavoured, mildest, and finest I have ever seen." — Rev. H. N. Ormsby. Carrig Vicarage, Jan. 13, 1879. THE BEST EXHIBITION VARIETY. " I have t.-iken two First Prizes this year with your Defiance Cabbage. I have not seen a Cabbage in this neighbourhood to equal them." — Mr. Tappcnden, Lee, August 8, 1878. THE MOST PROFITABLE KIND TO GROW. *' I had a packet of Daniels' Defi- ance Cabbage seed of you last season, and have had some noble Cabbages. Some of them I sold in the market at sflf. and 6cf. each, such as have not been seen in our market." — T. S. Wood, Shrewsbury. Is the finest and best Cabbage in the world for all purposes, beating every other variety for earliness, quality, flavour and size. Price in our own Sealed Packets, js. 6d. each, $s, per oz. DANIELS BBOS., SEED GROWERS, NORWICH. E. G. HENDERSON & SON OFFER THE FOLLOWING NOVELTIES, which are described in the A^ciu Seed Catalogue for 1S79. GERANIUM MOLLE AUREUM, 2j. 6rf, per p.acket. GOLDEN POINT-LACE PVRETHRUM, ij. per packet. BEGONIA ROEZLII (new species), 1$. bd. per packet. CAPE EVERLASTING FLOWER (Gnaphalium), \s. and 2^. td. per packet. ZEPHYRANTHES GRANDIFLORA ALBA, is. 6d. per packet. SAXIFRAr;A BURSERI. u. and 21. 6d. per packet. GNAPHALIUM LEONTOPODIUM, js. per picket. Pi.)LYGONATUM ROSEUM. is. pei packet. CASTILLEJA INDIVISA. ii. per packet. EAST LOTHIAN CRIMSON STOCK, 11. per packet. ATRIPLEX HORTENSIS CUPREATA ROSEA, is. per packet. IPOMCEA QUAMOCLIT. var., Ivy-le.ived. ij. per packet. BRUGMANSIA ARBOREA MACROPHYLLA, 25. 6d. per packet. GLOXINIA CRASSIFOLIA. 2s. 6d. per packet. SOLANUM LOBELI, is. per p.acket. PRIMULA SIEBOLDI(amo;na), is. 6-. D COLLECTION, 6y. E COLLECTION, 84^^. Illustrated Seed Catalogue, containing upwards of 70 pages of all the New and Choice FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS, WITH J'eautiful Coloured Plate of the New CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTEUM EUBRUM, And numerous other Engravings, POST-FREE. All Seeds amounting to 203. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in England. Flower Seeds Free by Post, except tieavy kinds. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, UPPER HOLLOWAV, LONDON, N. SATURDAY, FEPRUARY S, 1S79. SELF-DEFENCE AMONG PLANTS.* IN cases of war or pestilence the normal con- dition of the human species is quickly restored by the vacant places being rapidly filled up by the multiplication of its units. In like manner an unusually hard winter will destroy a number of plants whose vacant places in the household of Nature will be filled up either by the multiplication of individuals of the same species or by individuals of other and stronger species. Rapid and continuous reproduction as a means of defence is more conspicuous and striking in the plant kingdom than among animals. The rapidity with which introduced plants have spread in foreign countries shows that the power of self-defence must be as valuable in retaining an old place as in gaining a new one. Another, and nearly related defensive powder, consists in the constitu- tional peculiarities of plants. The European traveller in Africa may protect himself against malaria by medicine, whereas his Negro servant is protected simply by his con- stitution ; the one by a material agency, the other by an impalpable one. Similar constitu- tional means of protection are very common, and of much importance among plants. For e.\ample, where many plants are exposed equally to frost, only those will survive whose constitutions in some unknown way will enable them to resist its effects ; their descendants will inherit to a certain extent their hardy con- stitutions, and thus a permanent advance will have been made in the character of the species. Chemical and mechanical methods of defence are equally obvious. Flowers chiefly adopt the former and leaves the latter. The Gorse or Furze plant affords an example of both these means ; the flowers being unpalatable to animals, whilst the leaves are armed with prickles and are not usually eaten by animals — although very nutritious — until they have undergone some sort of prepai'ation. An analogy to this among animals will be found in the hedgehog and the skunk ; the one relying on his prickles, the other on his offensiveness. Prickles and thorns are very apparent and striking means of defence, and it has been remarked that thorny and spiny plants become frequent as vegetation becomes scarce, for where that is the case a browsing animal, or other plant enemy, would try every green leaf, and the necessity for self-defence would grow with the severity of the danger. Thus many trees have thorns when young which cease to grow them when older, and out of the reach of browsing animals. In like manner the succulent shoots of Briers and other plants need a more formidable array of thorns than the older and tougher stems of the mature portions of the plant. We know comparatively little of thorns and prickles in Europe, yet even here plants are to be found which make their power felt. In the Alps, for example, certain pastures arc rendered almost worthless by the presence of a grass which is armed with sharp tips which inflict injuries on the noses of the sheep. Africa is pre-eminently the land of thorns, and in Nubia and some parts of Abyssinia almost e\ery tree is thorny. Curved thorns are to be found there \\hich tear like hooks of steel, and grasses whose edges are like knives, so that the vegetation of * Abstract of a lecture delivered at the London Institution, by Francis Darwin, Esq , M.B., M.A. 170 THE GARDnNERS' CHRONICLE. [February 8, 1879. these regions is well armed both for offence and defence. The most celebrated of these plants is the South African Acacia, or "Wait-a-bit" Thorn as it is there called, which is so strong as to have been known to hold and starve to death a lion. The Cactuses are well defended by spines, and savages often take advan- tage of this to protect their huts by Cactus enclosures. Humboldt states that mules will break off these spines with their hoofs, and then eat the succulent inside part of the Cactus ; a meal which is often paid forbya lame foot. The quality of hardness is noticeable as a means of defence more commonly in fruits than in leaves. The hard wall of a cherrystone is a familiar example of the embryo plant being guarded by this means. In cultivated plants this kind of pro- tection is found to be of importance. Thus, a thin-shelled variety of Walnut is found to suffer more from the depredations of tits than the common sort ; and in tlio same way the hard- ness of Pea-pods is found to be a distinct element in determining the respective value of varieties. Chemical means of self-defence are possessed by stinging plants. The sting of a plant may be described as a vegetable hair, whose point entering the skin and breaking, allows the irri- tating contents to flow into the wound. The common Nettle is a familiar example. This plant is relished by animals when crushed or scalded, and is even used as food for man, so that it is worth eating, and would be attacked but for its means of defence. Wild animals have learned to avoid the Nettle, but Mr. Romanes gave them to some guinea- pigs, which immediately began eating them, got stung, and became angry, so that the experiment resulted in a free fight amongst the unfortunate animals. Rabbits are greatly afraid of Nettles, and Sir J. Hooker states that some exotic Nettles are a terror to the natives, the poison being so pungent that the mere scentless effluvium will cause water to flow from the eyes and nose, the actual sting causing inflammation. The stings of other species of Nettle are said even to cause death. Stings on leaves are probably useful chiefly as defence against browsing animals, and insects take advantage of this, as butterflies prefer stinging plants on which to lay their eggs, thus obtaining security from wholesale destruction, and this may explain why caterpillars are common on our stinging Nettle. One of the most curious forms of defence is afforded by a recently discovered class of plants, which, being stingless themselves, are protected by stinging ants, which make their home on the plant and defend it against its enemies. Of these the most remarkable is the BuU's-horn Acacia, described by the late Mr. Belt in his admirable book The Naturalist in Nicaragua, a shrubby tree with gigantic curved thorns from which its name is derived. These thorns are hollow and tenanted by ants, which bore a hole in them, and the workers may be seen running about over the green leaves. If a branch is shaken the ants s\\'arm out of the thorns and attack the aggressor with their stings. Their chief service to the plant consists in defending it against leaf-cutting ants, which are the great enemy of all vegeta- tion in that part of America. These form large underground nests, and their work of destruc- tion consists of gathering leaves, which they strip to form heaps of material, which become covered over with a delicate white fungus, on which the larvse of the ants are fed, so that literally they are a colony of Mushroom growers. The special province of the little stinging ants, which live in the thorns of the Acacia, is, therefore, to protect the leaves of the shrub from being used by the leaf-cutters to make Mushroom-beds ! Certain varieties of the Orange tree have leaves which are dis- tasteful to the leaf-cutters, the distasteful pro- perty of the leaves thus forming a means of defence. Other plants are unaccountably spared by them — grass, for example, which if brought to the nest is immediately thrown out by some ant in authority. The Bull's-horn Acacia, in return for the service rendered by the stinging ants, not only affords them shelter in its thorns, but provides them with nectar secreted by glands at the base of its leaves, and also grows for them small yellow Pear-shaped bodies, about one-twelfth of an inch in length, at the tip of some of its leaflets, which they use as food. When the leaf unfolds the ants may be seen running about from one leaflet to another, to see if these little bodies are ripe, and when ready to be gathered they are broken off by the ants, and carried away to the nest in the thorn. These little yellow bodies are made up of cells containing protoplasm rich in oil, which affords excellent food for the ants. As butterflies lay their eggs on Stinging Nettles, so in like manner several small birds build their nests in the Bull's-horn Acacia, thus escap- ing from a predatory ant which is capable of killing young birds. The Trumpet-tree, another plant of Southern and Central America, is also protected by a standing army of ants ; and, like the Bull's-horn Acacia, grows for the ants small food-bodies containing oil, but instead of secreting nectar on its leaves it har- bours a scale insect (Coccus), whose sweet secretion is much relished by the ants. Beccari describes an epiphytal plant growing on trees in Borneo ; its seeds germinate, like those of the Mistleto, on the branches of the tree ; and the seedling stem, crowned by the cotyledons, grows to about an inch in length, remaining in that condition until a certain species of ant bites a hole in the stem, which then produces a morbid gall-like growth, which ultimately becomes a tuber-like body, which constitutes the home of the ants. If the plant is not fortunate enough to be bitten by an ant it dies. These ants then protect their plant-home by rushing fiercely out on intruders, the white sessile flowers being pro- duced on the tuber-shaped body of the plant. i^To he coJitinitcd.') OF A NEW NATURAL ORDER PLANTS. Well, if not a new natural order, at least a very anomalous member of the vegetable kingdom, has been discovered by Dr. Beccari, in New Guinea. It is described and figured in the third part of Dr. Beccari's Malcsia. At first sight one would take it for an Orchid, and on a little closer inspection one would be inclined to regard it as an Orchid with six free stamens. There are other jDeculiarities in its structure, it is true, and possibly our colleague, Dr. Reichenbach, may not see his way to annex this novelty ; but when we recall the structure of Arun- dina pentandra, Dendrobium normale, Cypripedium, and Uropedium, and the genera Apostasia and Neu- wiedia, the difficulties in the way of adopting Corsia ornata, for so Beccari names it, as an Orchid, seem to vanish. Formerly, Apostasia and Neuwiedia were regarded as constituting an order distinct from Orchids, because they have a three-celled ovary and a slender style ; but Uropedium and Selcnipedium have a three-celled ovary, and other connecting links between the two groups are not wanting. We believe that Dr. Reichenbach claims the Apostasia; as a tribe of Orchids. In passing, we may refer to Mr. S. Moore'spaper on monstrosities and abnormalities in the structure of Orchids, which appeared in the Journal of Botany for January of the current year. Therein the reader will find mention of or reference to some of the most interesting deviations from what is termed the normal structure of Orchids. But to return to Corsia ornata, a genus dedicated to the Marchese Corsi Salviati, a name well knovm to the horticultural world, even outside of Italy. It is a brittle, straw-coloured, root parasite, from 6 to 8 inches high, with a stoloniferous knotted root, emitting long fibres, and bearing scales and buds. The stems are somewhat tufted or clustered, and clothed with variable scales increasing in size upwards, the upper ones sheathing at the base, and about an inch long. Each stem is unbranched, aud terminates in a solitary flower, which is about i \ inch in diameter when fully expanded. Colour not mentioned by Dr. Beccari, but doubtless the whole plant is almost colourless. Perianth superior, persistent, consisting of six divisions, a large upper cordate one, which is erect and flat, like the standard of some Papilionaceas, and five narrow, strap-shaped ones, directed downwards. The standard, or labellum, as we ought perhaps to call it, is furnished at the base with a thick crescent-shaped crest or callosity, which is papillose around the margin. Stamens six, in two series ; filaments distinct but very short and thick ; anthers relatively large, two-celled, containing pulverulent pollen. Ovary inferior, one- celled, with three intruding parietal placentas ; style short clavate, terminating in a slightly three-lobed stigma. Dr. Beccari's Latin diagnosis is given below.* What we have termed the labellum, it should be mentioned, is quite outside of all the other parts of the perianth, and enfolds them in the bud, whilst the labellum of true Orchids is one of the inner segments of two whorls of three segments each. W'ith regard to the position of this singular plant in the natural system. Dr. Beccari says it is undoubtedly near the OrchideiX, and further adds that it might constitute the type of a new family between the Bur- manniacejeand IIypoxide;e, to be called the Corsiaceae. The morphological interpretation of the floral envelope, Beccari continues, is not easy. At first sight one might think that the large external standard-like part belonged to the same verticil as the other five, but he thinks perhaps it forms of itself a separate exterior ver- ticil, and that the crest at its base represents the sixth segment of an interior verticil. Dr. Beccari has not attempted to give the structure of the seed, because he intends making a special study at the same time of those of other parasites ; his sole object now is to make known the general physiognomy of the plant. The habitat of Corsia ornata is in Mount Morait, on the north coast of New Guinea, at an elevation of between 1 200 and 1 300 feet. We may add that the same part of Malcsia contains descriptions and figures of some exceedingly curious new types of the Burmanniaces, a small family related to Orchids. These new types are, like Corsia, nearly all minute leafless root- parasites, presenting the most singular and elegant forms of perianth imaginable. //. BRUSSELS SPROUTS AND EARLY CABBAGE. JUDGIXG from present appearances, vegetables of all kinds will be more than usually scarce this season, for never .since the severe winter of 1860-61 have I seen them so cut up as they are just now, when even the old Cabbage stumps that, with their hard woody stems, are generally regarded as frost-proof, are either killed outright, or so injured that it is next to impos- sible any of them can recover. The loss of these will be severely felt in most gardens, for during early spring they are much depended on for furnishing a great many gatherings of delicate sprouts before others of the Brassica tribe are fit for use. Being thus early, they have always formed one of the staple articles for supplying Covent Garden and other large markets. Vegetables are not over-abundant or cheap in our large cities and towns at any time, and unless growers bestir themselves they are likely before May is out to be almost at famine prices, so that those who have ground and take time by the forelock may reap a rich harvest. It is very remarkable that, although old Cabbage stumps are so badly hurt, young pkants, which are far more succulent and tender, have not suffered to any- thing like the same extent, and their immunity can only be accounted for by their having stood so much nearer the ground, where they were partly protected by a covering of snow, which not only kept off a great portion of the frost, but broke the force of the scathing blasts that blew for so long, and completely * Corsia. — Perigonium superum anomalum, marcescens 6-fidum iiregularissime bilabiatum ; segtnentum posticum maximum vexilliforme cordatum, basi nectano semi-Iunan calloso auctum ; segmenta antica 5-loriformia rcHexa approxi- mala valde minora. Stamina 6, biseriata. 3 interiora fila- mentis brevioribus ; anthera; biloculares ovatx obtusx exlrorsa ; pollen pulverulentum ; styhim breve cra£sum ctavatum ; stig- mate breviter trilobo. Ovarium inferuni elongatum obtuse trigonum uniloculare. prime intuito triloculare, placentis 3 parietalibus valde intrusis, deduplicatis : ovula anatropa Capsula elongata cylindracea. genitalium exuviis coronata, extus marcescens, placentis induratis trivalvatim dehiscens; semina pendula fusiformia testa subcrustacea tenui involuta. Embryo . . . Planta pusilla parasitica aphylla caule squamalo.— Beccari, Matesta, u, p. 238, t. 9. FebruarV S, iS?^.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 171 dried the sap out of all that were exposed to their direct influence. Bad as the continuous frosts were to vegetation, the bitter north-easters were far worse, and did more harm in a few days than all the hard weather had done before. Seeing the destruction that has been wrought around, among full-grown plants, it is to be hoped that beds of young ones have escaped ; and if so, those who have them in quantity will be fortunate indeed, as by planting soon in well- prepared ground in drill rows they will turn in quickly after any that may stand for the winter, and thus fill up a void. It is not often that Cabbages are sown under glass, as it is only in exceptional seasons like the present that it answers the purpose ; but I am of opinion that if done at once it will pay well, as thousands may be raised in a very small space. A few old lights and a board or two placed on a warm border where the soil is naturally light and dry, will afford the best accommodation for sowing where large quantities are required, as there they may stand till large enough for planting without further handling. In gardens, however, where only a limited number would be wanted, and where labour and time are not so much an object as a regular supply for the kitchen, a few pans or boxes sown and stood in gentle heat till the seeds germinate, and afterwards nursed on near the glass in a cold frame, will come in valuable, and be far ahead of any less favourably circumstanced. These pricked out by-and-bye in a sheltered situation, and finally planted, will go on without check, and turn in with firm hearts, of fine flavour, rich, juicy, and succulent, in which condition I know of nothing to be had in the vegetable way that will equal them, or that is more nutritious and whole- some. In order to grow them possessing these fine qualities, it is essential that the land in which they are to be planted should be highly manured, as a crop that comes to maturity so quickly and produces so much food must of necessity take much from the ground ; and Cabbages that are half-starved soon get the "blues," when they at once become stringy and tough to an extent that no amount of boiling or skilful cooking can rectify. By trenching the soil and giving it a good dressing of rotten dung at once, it will be in fine condi- tion for the plants by the time they are large enough, for what frost we maygetnow, and the air combined, will sweeten .and pulverise it, besides helping to rid it of insects. A dressing of soot dug in helps wonderfully in effecting this, and is an excellent fertiliser as well, as is also a sprinkling of salt with it, but when this is used thus early it should be with a sparing hand, as the plants will not bear so much as they will later on. There is one other vegetable to which I wish to call particular attention at the present time, which is Brussels Sprouts, for although Broccoli and most others of the Brassicas have succumbed, as already observed, Brussels Sprouts have held on bravely and look as if they would pull through it all. Consi- dering the great value of these for use during the whole of the long winter and till late on in the spring, the wonder is that they are not more largely grown instead of strong coarse Savoys, that have little but size to recommend them, whereas firm compact Sprouts are the most delicate of vegetables, and for which almost every one has a liking. It is seldom, however, that they are seen in the state of perfection they are capable of attaining, from the simple fact that they are not sown early enough for the stalks to reach the necessary size and strength before autumn closes, when they cease to make any further progress except in furnishing the side shoots. To produce an abun- dance of Sprouts something of the size and hardness of green Walnuts, the stalks should be as thick as one's wrist and a yard high, from which the yield is some- thing enormous. To get them into this desirable state they must be sown at once, under the protection of glass, after the manner recommended for Cabbage ; but to keep them sturdy and strong they must have plenty of space, as nothing spoils them so much as becoming long-legged and drawn at the outset. Thin sowing and plenty of air when up will prevent this, if followed by early planting, which should be done as soon as they are large enough to handle ; but like all others of the same family they are gross feeders and must have plenty of depth of soil, heavily manured, and if in addition they can have a soaking or two of sewage during the summer they will give a good return for the labour. In rich land, where their roots can get well down, a yard will not be too much to plant them apart, for unless the leaves can have plenty of room to spread and fully develope themselves it is impossible to have fine stems, and without these large Sprouts are out of the question. It sometimes occurs that during hot summers the plants become infested with aphis, the best remedy for which is a mixture of dry powdered lime and soot thrown over them the first thing in the morning while the dew is on, as then it adheres readily and is more effectual. There arc several varieties of Brussels Sprouts, as .Scrymger's Giant, Rosebery, D.alkeith, and Albert, but none that will compare with the imported kind, which is decidedly the best and most useful for general pur- poses. As to Cabbage for early sowing I prefer Wheeler's Imperial, and to succeed it either the Ful- ham or Battersea, both of which are larger and second to none in quality and flavour. J. S. ORCHID COLLECTING IN NEW GRENADA. * "JosiS, this night you have to sleep here in the house, as to-morrow we shall go out for a fortnight." Jose, to whom this order was given, is my " boy," twenty-four years old, married, and a pure Indian. He is a great thief, and robs and cheats me whenever he can ; indeed, people who know him well warned me not to let him see that I carry any large sum of money about with me. He was a soldier for six and a half years, knows every path in the environs, and is always willing to do as I order him — qualities which, after six weeks spent in my ser\ice, I have discovered that he alone possesses among the four "boys " I had employed. Jose, to whom I give 6 reals (zs. 6J.) per day and boarding, asks me for an advance of 5 dols. for his wife. The mule is carefully fed and receives a double portion of bran with syrup, likewise corn and grass ad libit um ; the saddle and harness are examined, and the bridle sent to the saddler for a small repair. All the necessary objects for travelling are set apart, to be fixed on the saddle, or put in the four saddle-pockets, as waterproof bayeton (a heavy woollen cover enveloped in a goatskin), nuana, a bottle of brandy, cigars, matches, knife, thread, candle, cholera-drops, opium, sticking-plaister, lint, balsam, odontalgia, quinine in pills and powder, purgatives, emetics, alkali, liniment, lancet and pincers, my medicine-chest, thermometer, and a drinking cup made of the shell of a Cocoa-nut. In a wicker basket, i\ feet high and \\ foot wide, which is to contain the plants gathered, and which the' boy carries on his back, I put 15 lb. of dry meat (at is. per pound), 5 lb. of brcid, some cocoa, rice, peas, biscuits, extract of meat, two wooden spoons, and a towel. I myself .am provided with great waterproof boots, large spurs, a twelve-meter revolver in my belt, and a matchet, and am dressed in warm clothes. We start at half-past four in the morning, in the brightest moonshine, after taking coffee, bread and eggs. Thejourney commences step by step, and, half-an- hour after, we go on slower still — we begin to mount. The road is intersected by two ridges, each 2 leguas up and I legua down, and as, on the average, in the Cordillera one hourandahalf is spent in travers- ing a legua, we arrived in Mutiscua at half-past ten, just in time for breakfast, after having stopped twice on the road to wet our throats. A sixpennyworth of grass is purchased for the mule, and i lb. of meat and a little chocolate is handed to a woman, who prepares it for us. At midday we continued our journey, and an hour afterwards the wind began to blow more and more, becoming colder and colder, and we enter into the Paramos — mountainous districts. Up to this point the road was in the pure rock, 4 to 6 feet wide, uneven, rough and stony, with incessant windings, sometimes rising steeply on both sides, sometimes rising on one side with a frightful abyss on the other. Protruding blocks of rock and disrooted trees above often threaten the rider on these ways, which become still more disagreeable when one meets a train of mules loaded with boxes, bales, &c. .Several times I got such knocks with boxes on the knee-cap, that I was almost ready to fall down from my mule. On such roads horses arc quite useless. It is just on such routes as these that goods of all * We are iiidtbted to Mr. Alfred Berwick for this extract from an amusing letter describing a journey to Tona, written by a friend in New Grenada on October 2, 1878. kinds have to suffer, and that my darling iilants arc injured so much, if not altogether spoiled. Col- lisions with mules bearing on their sides packages of one and a half quintals each, which sometimes, as in the case of tobacco-boxes, empty bags, &c., are very voluminous, are on such roads inevitable, the more so, as from five to six beasts are driven by one man, and these caravans consist very often of from thirty to forty mules. As the pace of loaded mules is a quick one, the shock is a very rude one. There is no other road in this direction, and the communication between and Bucaramanga is very animated. The only way to diminish the danger is to travel as quickly as possible, and to avoid the approach to towns on market days. An- other way of accounting for the frequent losses in damageable cargoes is to be found in the mode of fastening them to the sides of the mules ; for, naturally, in order to resist the often-repeated shocks against other mules with baggage which they meet on their way, or trees and rocks that obstruct the road — these packages must be fastened very closely, and the ropes make deep grooves in their sides. We continue our journey. Now we get on a little quicker, because of the cold and the road being level, and further because the next cottage is some 3 leguas distant. There we arrive at four o'clock, just when mist and damp begin to cover everything. Dofia Maria, the housemother, is a chuffy, unfriendly old woman ; but as I always show her little atten- tions, which take the form of a present, sometimes of a shabby image of a saint, another time of a ribbon for her daughter, she oflers me the best place near the big three stones (the fireplace) in the kitchen, which is safely closed, and wdiere the smoke of the tremendous fire intended for cooking, warming and lighting all at once, makes the eyes weep. The kitchen is at the same time saloon and dormitory for the most favoured guests ; and for that reason I receive, after the dinner (off my provisions), a cow-skin and the privilege of choosing the best place in the kitchen. The amia- bility of the householder reaches its height when two sheepskins are opened for me — the saddle pad sup- plies a pillow, and at eight o'clock we go to rest. Ten minutes afterwards my boy at my side snores so loudly that I am obliged to give him a poke in the ribs. For me there is no thinking of sleep, on account of the hundreds of fleas, and so I have suffi- cient time to make my plans for the next day, to think about Orchids and a thousand other things, including the paying-orders floating between London and . Aw.aiting anxiously the approach of day, my boy receives a second poke. He awakes and asks me whether it is time to saddle the mule. Not yet, it is midnight. Then I am startled by the crowing of a cock at some distance over my head. Half the box of matches is spent before I find a candle in the saddle-pocket. It is five o'clock, and therefore time for rising. Jose, who had gone for the mule, comes back with a piece of the strap of leather' in his hands, wherewith the mule was tied to a pale the evening before — hungry dogs had eaten the leather and liberated the mule, which, of course, looked for a more hospitable land than the Paramo, where, in a square mile, there is not a hand- ful of grass to be met with. My boy runs back, and returns two hours afterwards, but without the mule, and there is nothing for it but to wait till somebody coming the same way may be able to give us some information. That happened, happily, sometime after. The owner of a great train of mules, who was going from Bucaramanga to with tobacco, and who was now on his return, had seen my mule near Mutiscua, and he suggested that his people, who had remained behind, would probably have caught my mule and bring her along with them ; indeed about mid-day I was so happy as to see my mule again. To the people who brought the beast I paid i dol., and to every one a drink by way of contribution. It was too late now to start that day ; so I resolved, therefore, to proceed the next day, very early, and did so. From here are 3 legu.as, half of it still in the Paramo, the other half is a horrible slope, before reaching Tona, at every path increasing in richness of vegetation. At the end of the Paramo there is a cottage, from which a woman called to me by name, and asked me if I would be so kind as to dismount for a moment. Politeness is very seldom experienced in this region, but in this case there was a motive for it. When I passed, two and a half months ago, for the first time on this road, the night surprised me, and I was 172 THE GAkDnMERS' CHRONICLE. [FeurOaRy S, 1871). obliged to ask her for a night's lodging. There was a small boy of seven or eight years, whose eyes were full of suppuration : I myself washed his eyes with warm Camomile-tea, and, as I did not know what more to apply or prescribe, I wetted a piece of linen with the white of an egg and covered his eyes with it. It is easy to fancy how terrified I was a week later on my return when passing there, to see the poor boy just as I had left him with his eyes glued. I thought my practice would have occa- sioned bad consequences, but happily, and to my greatest surprise, after removing the rag with warm water, his eyes were perfectly re-established. A stranger, in the opinion of the people, must always be something of a doctor, and they would take it to show a want of goodwill should one deny to lend medical assistance when it is wanted. I am not very formal in the choice of remedies, and apply in specially difficult cases pills made of a little bread and Epsom salts : the fingers being always sufficiently dirty to give them, by kneading and twisting, a professional appear- ance. Faith renders the doaes efficacious, and I am not astonished when people thank me afterwards for my good services, as this poor woman did : she offered me a cup of soup. Such people do not believe medicine to be effica- cious if it is not dear or has no disgusting taste. In general the people on the Paramos are inhospit- able, lazy, extremely dirty, superstitious, thievish, distrustful, cowardly, and therefore cunning. They have something of the character of gipsies ; with all that, the journeys in the glacial Sahara, as it may be called, are the most disagreeable ones imaginable. From the end of the Paramos one descends rapidly and continuously till, after two hours, we arrive at a small unfriendly town. There exists no inn, but a shopkeeper of my acquaintance offers to lodge me in his house. A letter of recommendation to the clergy- man. Dr. P , which sometimes is of great use, is delivered, and after dinner I am so fortunate as to meet with the man in whose territorial possession, I legua distant, I intend to pick up my plants. Mr. M is very glad to sec me again, and we arrange to meet the next day, he undertaking to procure two workmen, axes, and beasts, for the transport of the collected plants. The next day I meet Jlr. M at ten o'clock, the worse for drink, and when I speak to him about our agreement he begins to insult me, saying he would not fulfil his engagement, and that all strangers come only to his country to exhaust it, and to deceive them, &c. To avoid a quarrel, and concluding that for this day there is nothing to expect, I return to the town. When intoxicated people often show their true sentiments, and in such a condition we learn, alas ! that we strangers are only tolerated, and that their kindness is simulated. The next day Mr. M conies to town and asks me to excuse his having offended me, and invites me to come on the following day when he would prepare everything necessary to fell the trees, &c. This day I could begin my work, collecting on two trees about the contents of half a box of plants, which I transport to the house. The next day heavy rain prevents me from doing anything — only after seven days is the quantity of plants I want brought together, and I am very fortunate the next day to find the necessary mules for their transport. The plants are packed with leaves of Bananas and moss in nets, similar to fishing nets ; this is a day's work, and afterwards they are loaded on the mules, which bring them home in three d.tys. Immediately .after arriv.il they are dis- charged and spread out on the floor of my house, whilst I go with fresh linen to the bath-house, to clean myself of the different insects wherewith clothes and body are covered. New Garden Plants. MASDEV.\1,LIA PaRLATOREANA,* It. !p. {n. hyhr. !) When I published the beautiful Masdevallia splen- dida I suggested that it might be a hybrid between .Mas- devallia Veitchiana and amabilis or Barlreana. Now a second similar case occurs, and this case has been eagerly expected for years. It was one of the numerous * Masdevallia Parlatorcafta, n. sp. (n. hybr. ?). — (Coccinesc Veitchiana:). — Pcdunculo teniii ; lubo perigonii externi brevius- ciilo : sepalo imparl brevi oblongo in caudam bene longioreni extenso ; sepalis lateralibus muko latioribus majoribus in caudas breviusculas extensis, interstitio inter ulrumque sepalum lato : tepalis unguiculatis ; basi semisagittati^ ligulatis aculis longitudinahter oblique carinatis ; labello ligulato obtuse acutiusculo, utrinqne medium usque obscure Iob.ito : columna; androclinjo acuminate. — Posset dici quodamodo Masdevalba Barlxana papillis velutinis. Masdevallise Veitchianse, sed paulo diverse sccta (ex horto ill Veitch). H. G, Rchb,f, secrets of the Royal Exotic Nursery that there might be a new scarlet Masdevallia (not the spectabilis nor Barl.-eana) in the houses, but which was the new plant? Mr. Davis had carefully dried and put aside some flowers, and these gave the hope the distinct thing might be among the rest in the houses. Both Messrs. Veitch and myself had agreed that the novelty should bear the name of Filippo Parlatorc, whose last great work, the Exhibition and Congress of Florence, will abide in our thankful memory. P.arlatore had accepted the dedication with satisfaction, but it was not our good luck to be able to publish it in his lifetime. I keep my word to the deceased, and it is a very great pleasure to me that it has to stand just near Masde- vallia Barteana, since Messrs. Barla and Parlatore were intimate friends for the greater part of their lives. This plant is the third species with the violet velvet lustre as in Masdev.allia Veitchiana and spectabilis. It Adiantum BELt-UM, T. Moore (fig. 24). This Maidenhair Fern forms pretty neat dwarf green tufts, which do not appear to exceed 6 inches in height, and are often fertile when half that size. The fronds are of ovate lanceolate form, very slender and bipinnate, with few short pinnrc, .and small wedge- shaped or transverse-oblong pinnules, irregular in form, and att.acheJ by hair-like ebony- coloured stalks. The sori are round or sublunate, with entire indusia, and the stipes and rachides are smooth and ebony-coloured. The plant is essentially of neat habit, producing its densely-set erect fronds so abundantly as to form close compact tufts of a pleasing and lively light green colour. It is allied to A. fragile, and might be mistaken for a dwarf form of that species were it not that its pinnules are not deciduous, as those of A. fragile are in a marked Fig. 24. — ADIANTUM BELLUM, BULL. has the same thin slender peduncle as the last, while Masdevallia Veitchiana has a very strong one. Since in the shape of the flower it comes very near to Masdevallia BarU-eana we may now guess that it is perhaps a hybrid between Masdevallia Veitchiana and Barlaana, and M. spectabilis between Veitchiana and .amabilis. As in Masdevallia Barteana, there is a very wide interval between the lateral sepals, which are remarkably short-tailed. The flowers are light flesh-colour (salmon-colour) outside, finest scarlet with amethyst warts inside, the small inner organs being white and violet-amethyst. The sepals have ashort stalk; they are oblong-ligulate, acute, semisagittate at the base, with a longitudinal oblique keel. The lip is oblong, with obscure lateral blunt lobes : it is white, with a very dark violet spot at the top, and a longitudinal middle line, that is violet, and spreads in two shanks towards the base. Column semiterete, acuminate, white, with violet angles. It was imported from Peru by Messrs. Veitch, and flowered last autumn, .after having been expected, as I stated, for years. H. G. RtliK f. degree. This is shown by the dark-coloured stalk being continued in a short j'-shaped form into the base of thelpinnule;, the two branches growing on into the flabelliform veins which traverse the pinnules, instead of its stopping short, and showing an articulation where it joins the pinnule, as in A. fragile. This peculiarity has not been very clearly shown byjpur artist. It comes from the island of Bermuda, whence it was introduced a short time since by Mr. W. Bull, of Chelsea. The following is a technical description of the plant : — Fronds tufted, 3— '6 inches high, bipinnate, ovato- lanceolate ; pinna; of 3 — 6 pinnules, J — r], inch long; stalked ; pinnules cuneate or irregularly transverse- oblong, the somewhat larger terminal ones cuneate and divided into two or three shallow lobes, the margin erosc, all shortly pedicellate, the pedicels hair-like, not articulated with the pinnule, but showing at their apex a short j'-shaped ebeneous furcation, which passes into the flabellate venation ; sori various, two or three on the smaller pinnules, short and roundish, longer and sublunate, situate at the apex of the shallow lobes ; I-'kpruarv S, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 173 indusium entire ; caudex thin, shortly creeping, with criniform scales ; stipes and rachides ebeneous, smooth. T. Moore. Selaginella dellula, 7". Moore (fig. 25). This fine ornamental species of Club-moss is closely related to Selaginella inKqiialifolia, but the latter of a dull deep green, paler, and rather glossy beneath, the upper ones rather densely packed, ovate, with a stalk-like base, closely bipinnate, the secondary branches being mostly forked near the tips. The leaves, which are set in the axils of the furcations of the stem, are obovate and bluntish, with a mucro ; those of the stem arc rather thinly scattered, those of % f 00 w ^f / 0- Fig. 25. — SAi-ACiNiii.r.A bei.i.ula. differs in its paler coloured stem, and in its general aspect, the eye at once detecting a difierence which is not easily expressed in words. It is not only dwarfer and denser in its habit of growth, but much more fructiferous. The stems are erect, about I foot high, and nearly terete, pmkish red, the branches arc alternate and horizontal, the growing branches less so, and those of the branch- lets rather closely set and deflected from the plane of the branch, so that its surface appears as if shallowly ridged. The latter are oblong, with the upper margin straight and the lower margin rounded ; the prominent nerve takes a falcate curve to the acute apex, the an- terior side of the leaf is broader but more cut away at the base, and the posterior side is more produced towards the base and rounded. The small leaves on the ujiper surface are ovate, sharply acuminate, obliquely aftixed, subparallel, of a deep green, as is the rest of the foli.age. The fructifications are very copious, a quadrangular spike nearly or quite I inch long terminating each of the numerous little branch- lets. It has been im|iorted from Ceylon by Mr. W. Bull, of Chelsea. The description is as follows : — Stem continuous, erect, 12 inches high, of a reddish hue, roundish, with two sh.allow furrows, branched to the base ; branches alternate, the lower ones more distant, smaller, and less divided, the upper ones rather crowded, spreading, ovate in outline, with a stalklike portion at the base, closely bipinnate, the secondary branches mostly forked near the end ; leaves entire and glossy beneath, those of the main stem distant, of the branches more approximate, oblong, subfalcale, acute, broader on the anterior side of the prominent nerve, but more produced at the base and rounded on the posterior side, erectly spreading and deflected from the plane, the smaller leaves ovate, shortly acuminate, obliquely affixed, subparallel ; leaves of the branchlets close set, oblong, with a straight upper and curved lower margin, the nerve falcately curving to the acute point ; leaves of the forks obovate mucronate ; spikes slender, quad- rangular, I — I inch long. T. Moore. Forestry. Pruning. — There is a trite saying, applicable alike to much of what is said and done amongst us daily, "What is true is not new, and what is new is not true." From this, however, it need not be inferred that the true is less valuable or less important because not new, and it will be a sorry epoch in our history when novelty usurps the place of truth, which I would not say is an impossibility. Pruning as a branch of forestry is not in general uniformly well directed, and as seldom well performed. Upon some estates it is altogether neglected, and its importance ignored, while upon others it is carried on to an injurious and hurtful extent. Upon some estates the system pursued is a wrong one, and upon others, while the system is right, the performance and execution of the work is so rude and barbarous that any one seeing it is justified in wishing the work had never been per- formed at all. That which leads to wrong doing generally is wrong thinking, and if a word can be said in such a way as to turn the current of thought, the hand that might perpetrate mischief may be thereby arrested. One common impression in regard to pruning is, that when an important limb or branch is cut off from the bole of the tree the sap which was wont to flow into it, to nourish and sustain it, will, on its being cut off, find its way into the stem or bole of the tree, and thereby nourish and enlarge it to the full extent that it did the member cut off. That this is a wrong impression can be easily shown, and also that the anticipated benefits resulting from such pruning are never realised. If it be asked how it is asArtained that the sap which formerly supplied the amputated limb does not find its way into the trunk and add nourishment to it proportionately (or to any appreciable extent) to what it did to the limb, the answer is, by experience and observation, such as any one may avail himself of at pleasure. I have several sections of wood before me, taken from trees previously pruned, all of which show that the sap-vessels of the stem or limbs adjacent to that cut off do not enlarge or increase in strength subsequent to the operation. In most of the sections I observe a diminution of growth rather than an increase, such as is produced upon a neighbouring tree in the act of thinning. The sap does not flow in one class of vessels only, but in several ; not in longitudinal ones but transverse ones as well. Each branch and limb evidently has a primary class of longitudinal sap-vessels peculiarly its own for conveying its nourishment, but in addition to these there is a secondary class of transverse ones, all connected one with another, and with every part of the tree to its remotest extremities. This is clearly demonstrated by cutting off a branch and leaving the smallest ligature on the outer surface along with the bark, which is found sufficient to keep the whole branch supplied with sap and alive for an indefinite length of time ; or, what is still more remark.able and illustrative of the affinity of sap-vessels and their con- nection one with another, is the experiment of cutting down a tree of any size, small or large, and leaving the slightest connection of the sap-wood entire at the root. By this means I have seen a Beech tree of 174 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 8, 1879. Urge size Icept alive for many years, and no part of it sufifer decay, not even the extremities of the branches, notwithstanding that the sap-vessels through which the whole structure of the tree was nourished and supplied with sap was not over 4 inches by \\ inch, including the bark. Trees in this state of prostration, and with the limited supply of sap, do not make any perceptible enlargement either in shoots or woody substance ; but the circumstance of their budding, fohating, and defoliating the same as other trees shows conclusively that the sap becomes common throughout the whole structure of the trees, and though entering by a small channel and only a limited number of vessels, it soon spreads into other channels, and extends uniformly to all parts of the tree. The foregoing remarks, while admittedly a digres- sion from the subject of pruning, may be excused on the ground of their relationship to it, or at least on account of their showing the importance of sap- vessels, and how they act and react upon each other, without a knowledge of which no system of pruning can ever be made intelligible and satisfactory. A forester's knowledge of the growth of a tree, and how it is produced, is probably better shown by the manner in which he executes pruning, than by any- thing else. That the roots supply the tree with nourishment is no more certain than that the tree supplies the roots with the power and means of doing so, for there is no more certain means ol arresting root-supply than by denuding a tree of its branches and leaves. The deprivation of its leaves not only prevents the tree from forming and maturing its wood, but will very soon deprive it of vitality altogether. In the year 1S65 (I think) the caterpillar attacked the natural Birch woods in Strathspey, and rendered them in many cases leafless, the result of which was that many trees died down to at least the surface of the ground, and never revived. It is the branches situated upon the lower part of the stem that principally nourish the roots, and when these, in the act of pruning, are taken away, the consequences may be readily appre- hended. The clearing of the stem of all branches, great and small, is done in order to form a beautiful clean cylindrical trunk some day ; but however laudable the object is, its attainment is not to be secured in that way ; indeed the means employed are just such as to frustrate the object, as can easily be shown. No one is more enraptured with a splendid trunk than I am, and every forester should aim at such an attainment ; but, while he is so aiming at it, it is absolutely necessary that the means adapted to the end be properly used. The stem, as I have fre- quently stated, should, in the case of a well-grown tree of pruning age, girth as many inches round as it stands feet in height. When this rule is attended to, all under and over-pruning will be prevented, and the same rule is applicable to all species of forest-trees grown for profit and as a crop. Tastes and fashions are applied to trees as well as to persons ; Mid it ought to be the aim of all who influence fashionio do what they can to make her servant to, not mistress over Nature and her laws. C. Y. Miihic, Cnllcn House, Cnllcn, Banffshire. Florists' Flowers. Tree, or Perpetual Flowering, Carnations. — When the days are at their shortest, and keen frosty winds have cleared the gardens of all their sweet- scented flow'ers, the occupants of the greenhouse are naturally more valued ; and what flower is there more easily grown, and more worthy of admiration, than that named at the head of this paper? All the summer and autumn months the plants have been in a favourable position out-of-doors ; the whole attention they have required has been to tie the stems to a stick as they advance in growth, and to keep the pots well supplied with water at the roots. They have now been removed into the greenhouse, and their beautiful sweet-smelling flowers will be highly valued all through the winter months. As a proof of their great value, I may say that out of a collection of not more than four or five dozens of plants we are seldom with- out flowers from now until the ordinary varieties of the florist type come in about the end of July. To obtain this result the plants must not only be well grown, but free flowering sorts must he selected. Their culture is very simple, and success may be attained by those not possessing much glass accom- jTiodation, or who have but little knowledge of garden- ing. A greenhouse cannot be kept constantly full of flowering plants unless there is also a range of pits, or frames, as feeders to the larger structure. It is not every garden that has such, and many gardeners are not in a much better case in this respect than the children of Israel when they were commanded to make bricks and find their own str.aw. To all such that require choice flowers in winter I commend the culture of per- petual flowering Carnations. In order to obtain large flowering plants by November, it is necessary to begin to propagate early in the year. If there is a small artificially-heated propagating house on the place the cuttings may be put in from the middle of January. The small side-growths strike root most freely, and they should be just slipped off and dibbed into 4-inch or 5-inch pots, in fine soil ; a thin layer of silver-saml should be placed on the top of the soil. I plunge the pots in a gentle bottom-heat, and the temperature of the house should be about 50° to 55° at night ; over the pots I place a square of glass — it rests upon the labels that are inserted in the pots. This plan pre- vents too rapid evaporation, and the plants are not so likely to die off, as they sometimes do early in the year when quite covered with glass. They do not take long to form roots, and when this is the case the glass must be removed, or, as most likely the freest growing sorts will root first, the pots that contain rooted plants must be taken out and placed on a shelf, near the glass, until the more stubborn sorts have also formed roots. I leave the cutting pots on that shelf until they are fairly filled with roots, then the young plants are potted off singly into small pots ; and here it is necessary to remark that the potting material ought to be good turfy, clayey loam, four parts, one part rotten stable manure, as much leaf-mould, and sufficient sharp river sand to keep the compost open. Let the pots be clean and well drained ; the soil to be pressed firmly round the roots with the fingers. Some varieties grow very much more freely than others, and will by the end of the season require much larger pots. Even at the first potting oft' the weakly varieties should be potted in small sixties and the robust- growing varieties in large sixties. The plants should be taken back to the forcing house and be placed near the glass again. They require a night tempera- ture of 50° to 55° to keep up a gentle growth. If they were put into a greenhouse, or cold frame, in February or March the growth would be checked. I do not care to turn them out into cold frames until April, and from there they are removed into the open air in May. The plants must be potted on as they require it during the season. I generally pot the strongest into S-inch pots, while those 6 inches in diameter, inside measure, are large enough for others to flower in. Those who have not the convenience of a forcing house can have early plants raised in a hot- bed, but they ought not to be put in until a month later, nor before the heat has considerably declined. They must be potted oft' in the same way as the others, and be grown on until May in cold frames. Those who have not even a cold frame can propagate young stock by layering the old plants in August ; when rooted, pot them up and place the pots in the greenhouse, or in a shady place out-of-doors. These will make very strong flowering plants in twelve months, but they are not likely to produce many flowers in the following winter. The only insect pest that is likely to cripple the plants is greenfly, and it can be destroyed by fumi- gating. Many of the varieties are apt to run up with long stems when grown under glass, but this tendency can be checked by placing them near the glass, admitting as much air as possible under the circum- stances, and keeping the atmosphere rather dry. Let it always be understood that a damp close atmosphere causes an apparently more rapid growth, but it is not healthy development — it is haste, not speed. A few words as to varieties. Nearly all the new sorts emanate from the Royal Nurseries, Slough. They are either raised there or introduced to the public through Mr. Turner. There are three varieties that have been introduced to the public from other sources, and as they should be in every collection, their names must be given. They are Miss Jollift'e (Masters), La Belle (Blackley), and Annie Williams, sent out, I believe, by Mr. Williams of HoUoway. La Belle is pure white, and the other two are rose or flesli-coloured ; all of them grow freely, and are amongst the best for market purposes. A. Alega- tiere still holds its position as a dwarf free flowering sort with bright scarlet flowers. Guelder Hose has large pure white flowers ; Empress of Germany, a free growing desirable sort, has large pure white flowers very slightly flaked with rose ; Sir Garnet Wolseley must be grown for its distinct buff-coloured flowers edged and flaked with red ; King of the Belgians does not grow so freely as some, and it is still scarce, its large rose-coloured flowers are neatly fringed ; Rose Perfection, Scarlet Defiance, Prince of Orange, Celestial, Mons. Baldwin. Proserpine, Gloire de Lyon, and Duke of Wellington, should all be grown. J. Douglas. HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. There is now some appearance of a thaw, though the ground while I write is still frozen and covered with a sheet of ice, which again is covered with snow, and that is thickly glazed and varnished over with rain, which freezes as it falls, while bars and ribs of ice stretch across the walls wherever there is a leaky place in the coping, and the twigs and buds are covered with icicles. In this state of things it does not seem easy to advise operations in this department which shall be at once possible, seasonable, and pro- fitable ; but as work is getting more and more in arrears every day it behoves us to see that nothing is omitted that can possibly be done, as there is sure to be a pressure of it in every department by-and-bye. In addition to what has been advised in previous Calendars some sort of covering should be provided for Apricot and Peach trees during their blooming period, and whether it be Frigi Domo or fish netting. Spruce branches or pieces of Bracken, the time will be w'ell employed in getting it ready for use at any moment it may be required. I have never found it easy to effectually protect pyramid and bush trees from a nipping spring frost excepting an isolated specimen or two, but undoubtedly the best plan, and one that answers perfectly for ordinary spring frosts, is to fix a row of tall stakes in the line of the trees, and over this to throw a sheet of good tiffany, cotton bunting, or any similar material, making the outer edges secure to rows of shorter stakes placed at a suit- able distance Irom the trees. Where means are allowed for carrying out such a plan as this the present will be a good time for making the necessary preparations. Vines growing on gable-ends and other places out-of- doors should be pruned at once if not already done, or they may bleed badly if the present severe weather should be immediately succeeded by a period equally mild and warm — a sort of change which is not uncom- mon with us. Orchard trees that have had the requi- site pruning should now have their stems and branches cleared of any moss, &c., that may be growing on them by being moderately scraped with a piece of hoop-iron and then washed with a thin mixture of newly slaked lime to which a little soot and clay has been added. If scale or American blight be trouble- some take a gallon of the above mixture and add to it 4 oz. of soft soap and a pint of strong tobacco liquor. With this and a stiff brush wash and scrub the parts affected. Gishurst Compound, S oz. to the gallon, will do as well. There are also other remedies equally eft'ectual, but from my own experience I can- not say that they are equally safe in all hands. Manure for top-dressing such trees as require assistance in that way, may now be conveyed to some suitable place adjacent, but had better not be spread until after the frost is quite out of the ground, as that would only retard the thawing process. F. Harrison, A'no'wsUy. Peaches and Nectarines. — Another cold, sun- less month has closed upon us, a thick black pall shuts out every ray of warmth. The external tempe- rature for the past three weeks has scarcely exceeded the freezing point ; the ground is as hard as adamant, and we have no snow in this locality to protect our trees and shrubs from the eft'ects of the biting north- east wind. Our early Peaches have blossomed, and received extra attention by way of fertilisation and the maintenance of low, steady heats, particularly at night, and we have reason to believe we have a good set of fruit. Late blooming kinds still in flower in the early house must have the camel-hair pencil passed over them daily, and the house must be kept moderately dry with a gentle circulation of air, until the flowers show signs of fading, when gentle syring- ing twice a day with tepid soft water will soon set the mind at rest with regard to the first stage, under the most trying conditions that we have experienced for many years. Peach trees having their roots in good inside borders will stand a great deal of hard forcing, they will also bear and set well in a very low temperature, and make up for lost time as days in- crease in length and brightness. Old practitioners will follow the slow-and-sure course ; young ones will do well to follow in their steps, as nothing can be more annoying than the loss of a crop through undue haste. Proceed cautiously with ilisbudding and shortening back shoots that were left full length at pruning time. Take oft' the fore-right shoots first, February 8, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 175 commencing at the extremities of the trees, and work gradually down to the horizontal branches at the base. Watch closely for greenfly, and fumigate as sooTi as the pest puts in an appearance. Keep all corners and surfaces near the pipes constantly moist, using a little sulphur in the water as a check to red- spider, and make frequent additions of fresh horse- droppings, little and often, for giving off ammonia, but on no account apply heavy mulchings of strong manure until the stoning process is over. See that the roots of the trees are well supplied with weak tepid liquid, give a little air on all favourable occa- sions, and run up 10° or 15° after closing, when the sun again reaches the earth. Suc- cession-houses now approaching the flowering stage may be treated precisely the same as the earliest. Syringe well until the blossoms begin to open. Re- move the buds from the lower sides of the shoots that are thickly studded before they expand, and on no account omit the fumigating on a calm afternoon when the trees are dry. Late houses are backward enough this season, but the wood was well ripened, and where due attention has been paid to watering the inside and protecting the outside borders, judi- cious ventilation will keep the trees in a promising state for giving full crops of fruit. Where the lifting and re-arrangement of trees in late houses had not been completed when the severe weather set in early in December, a little patience must be exercised, as the Peach is most accommodating, and may be re- planted up to the time the flowers show colour, with every chance of its carrying a good crop of fruit. We still have a new house to plant. The trees are laid in, and the compost is ready, but no move will be made until the frost is quite out of it, and I do not despair of having to thin the fruit in May. W. Cole- man, Eastnor. Cucumbers. — The plants which have been pro- ducing fruit all the winter will now be the better for having the surface of the old soil removed and replaced with an admixture the same as recommended in our last Calendar, which will have an invigorating and beneficial influence upon their almost exhausted energies. See that the young growths are kept tied up to the trellis, but not too tightly, for this would be very injurious, if not positive and ultimate ruin to the shoots in developing their growth ; avoid also overcrowding of the shoots. See that the bottom-heat does not fall below 75° or rise above 90°. Red-spider has been somewhat troublesome this winter in consequence of the long-continued and severe firing rendered necessary by the adverse nature of the weather, and for the annihilation of which various antidotes are recommended, one and all of which are effective enough when applied at the proper time and in the right way. There are, amongst many others, the following preparations — Gishurst Compound, Veitch's Chelsea Blight Composition, Frettingham's Liquid Compound-soap, quassia-water and sulphur, the last-named being perhaps the most easily applied, most clean, and most effective, but it should be applied cautiously and with judgment. We use it in this way : — Into asmallbucketof limewash (accordingto the extent of heating surface to be painted) we put 2 lb. of the flowers of sulphur and stir the whole together, after which it is applied with a whitewash brush to the pipes or flues in the evening, the foliage of the plants being thoroughly dry before the sulphur is applied to the highly heated pipes and the water kept at boiling heat, not, however, allowing the temperature of the house to rise above 83° ; and having kept the house at this degree of heat for a couple of hours we let the temperature gradually down to the regular heat, running up the temperature for an hour or two again the succeeding evening, and giving a free cir- culation of air during the day, weather permitting. This we find produces the desired eft'ect without in the least injuring the foliage of the plants. However, remembering the old adage, "prevention is better than cure," we would say maintain a nice moist, genial, and growing atmosphere. Young plants will shortly be ready, if not quite, for planting on the hillocks in the Cucumber-house, the soil having been put in a lew days previous so that it may have become warm ; then it should be pressed firmly round the plants and a stick put to them for support and fastened to the first wire of the trellis. The same treatment niust be pursued, with regard to heat, moisture, and airing, as recommended for the old plants. Should the sun "make an appearance" before the plants have had time to take root in the new soil, a little shading would be advisable to prevent their flagging. //. W. Ward, Longfoni Castle. Melons. — With an almost total absence ot sun- shine since my last paper was written, and a prevail- ing and bitterly cold north-easterly and easterly wind, which has been accompanied at intervals with snow, the subjects in this department have made but little progress, therefore every available means consistent with the proper treatment of the Melon must be had recourse to to encourage growth. Great care must be exercised in not admitting an unbroken current of air while the wind is in the quarter above indicated. A piece of fine hexagon netting doubled a couple of times and placed over the ventilators will answer this purpose. JMaintain a night temperature of from 65* to 70', which will be amply sufficient during tlie present chilling weather, and in order to obtain even the former degree of heat in many places mats and other protecting material will have to be used. Cover dung frames with double mats and plenty of Fern at night, and see that the linings are regularly and properly attended to, i.e., that the old linings are removed and replaced with fresh fermenting material. See that successional plants do not become drawn or potbound. H. IV. IVaiJ. FLOWER garden; ETC. Operations in this department will still greatly depend upon the weather, but no opportunity should be omitted to endeavour to maintain a neat appear- ance in the grass of the lawns and the gravel walks ; sweeping and rolling is .all that can be done for the former at present, but for the latter .any conspicuous weeds may be most easily removed after a frost, and any patches covered with green moss may be made to look fresh by scrubbing them over with stubby birch besoins, and after a heavy shower of rain they may be well rolled down. It is always best to wait for rain when a thaw occurs after frost before rolling, as other- wise it is apt to stick to the roller and does more harm than good. It is to be hoped that due advan- tage has been taken of the long-continued frosty weather through which we have lately passed to turn over all compost heaps as frequently as possible, as there is nothing that will tend more to sweeten them, and increase their fertilising properties, than the frequent exposure of fresh surfaces to the influ- ence of frost ; this is more particularly of ad- vantage to such constituents of composts as decaying leaves and rotting manure, which in mild winters are apt to be taken possession of by thousands of worms, which renders them sour and unfit for use, unless they are subjected to the influ- ence of severe frosts, or, what is equally efficacious, the burning heat of the sun at midsummer ; but, of the two, the enforced leisure of a long frost will enable the operator to pay more attention to secure these ameliorating influences. With such a long frost, we can hardly realise the necessity for a close attention to the wants of May and June in the planting department ; but such, however, is the case, and seeds of the required varieties of sub-tropical plants should be sown and put into heat without delay. A little extra trouble in this department will be rewarded by strong plants, which will grow away at once when turned out, and be far in advance of later sowings. To do justice to these which are sown now, they will require a con- siderable amount of room, at a time too when room is valuable, so that it is as well to know within a few plants the exact number which will be required, .and not occupy space and time in the nurturing of plants which would most likely be sent to the rubbish heap when real wants are supplied. In the last two winters Echeveria secunda glauca passed through them very well and without injury in the open borders. The present one is widely dift'erent, and most of those left exposed are destroyed ; this points to the absolute necessity of always securing a stock under glass, but if they are likely to be short means should be at once taken to increase it, and although they may be propagated by leaves a less troublesome plan is to sow seed at once in a brisk heat, and by early pricking-out and the encourage- ment of a nice growing heat they will make tidy little growing plants for use at the end of May. To increase the stock of another pretty and very useful succulent plant, the Pachyphyton bracteosum, it is only neces- sary to break off the leaves and place them out sepa- rately on shelves or anywhere in the propagating house, and when they have thrown out roots and formed the germ of tlie future plant they should be potted and grown-on through the summer and autumn for use next year, as they are very slow-growing, and seldom of sufficient size the first year. It is time to look to the propagation of Alternan- theras. If the number required is very large, com- mence at once, the old plants being encouraged by a little increase of heat to throw up an abundant stock of cuttings ; but where the number required is not so great, the propagation may be de- ferred another month, and .as the plants potted in the autumn need not be so much cut about they will make substantial plants for bedding out. Nearly the same routine may be followed with Iresine and Coleus Verschaffeltii and marmorata ; if these have been kept through the winter thickly planted in store pots it may be as well to wait until they have made a little growth rather than to cut down the tops for cuttings to be propagated at once, and after the lapse of ten days or so the old stock will show signs of breaking into fresh growth, and may be turned out and potted singly in 3-inch pots, or two in a 4-inch one, and they will make fine stocky plants for bedding out. These and indeed most kinds of stock plants are extremely liable to the attacks of green aphides, which should be checked by timely fumigation as soon as any of them put in an appearance : prevention is belter than cure, so do not wait for a large develop- ment but nip them in the bud. It is yet too early to take account of the ravages of the frost amongst flower- ing plants, but I am much afraid from present appear- ances that Myosotis dissitiflora, on which much of the beauty of the spring display depends, has suffered severely, not indeed from severity of frost, but from the scathing influence of the dry easterly winds. yo/in Cox, Rcdkaf. PLANT HOUSES. Although the present cold sunless weather renders it undesirable to disturb the roots of stove plants just at present, the time for repotting the greater portion of them will soon be here, and it will therefore be advisable at once to set .about making due preparation for the work by getting under cover all soil that is likely to be required, that it may be in proper condi- tion for use when wanted. It should be borne in mind, that not only is it necessary to have the peat or loam in the medium state of neither wet nor dry, but th.at it is equally or even more important for the dead chill to be taken off before it is allowed to come in contact with the tender roots, as otherwise the delicate spongioles are sure to suffer injury and receive such a check as greatly to retard the plants' progress, and throw them back for some time. Unless where there are large collections to deal with, a few barrowloads will generally suffice for each day ; and if this is pkaced either under the stage, or wheeled in the pathways of the stove the night previous, it will have absorbed sufficient warmth by the morning so as to enable the work to be carried regularly on to the end. In order to do this, however, there must be no lack of clean pots of different sizes ready to hand, for to put plants in such as are soiled or coated with green is a great mistake, and is very inimical to their health. Crocks, too, if used a second time, should h.ave a rinse, to free them of all earthy matter, and render the drain- age perfect. After potting, stakes of some kind or other are sure to be needed, as also Labels of various sizes to replace those becoming illegible or rotting at the base, and here again the thoughtful workman will show his forecast by being prepared with a good supply of these, and then all will go on in a systematic manner. For stakes I know of no wood more suit- able or enduring than good red deal, as such gener- .ally contains plenty of resin, which repels water, the first and general source of decay. To take off the glaring appearance, it is a good plan to draw them through a piece of coarse rag made moist with green paint, which is a much quicker way than using a brush, and gives a more regular coating. For com- moner uses, such as training Pelargoniums, Chrysan- themums, &c., nothing answers better than the young shoots of Hazel, which cut now and tied up tightly in bundles after being pointed, will harden and stiffen by the time they are required for use , Conservatory. — In order to keep this gay it will be necessary to introduce to the forcing-houses a regular supply of hardy plants as auxiliaries to those flowering naturally, which if brought slowly and gradually on, will last double the time they would if subjected to much heat. To give them the benefit of what little sun we get, it will be advisable to go over the roof-climbers, and remove all superfluous growth, or as much as can well be spared without denuding them too much of their foliage. Such things as Passifloras, Tacsonias, &c., that are now on the move, will bear the knife freely, as they will soon be emitting fresh shoots ; and by removing a large portion of the old it will cause them to break back more regularly and concentrate their strength around the old spurs. Beautiful and indispensable as Tacsonias are for the embellishment of conservatories, they are unfortunately very subject to white scale, and seldom attain much age without becoming badly afi'ected. The plants being now in a semi-dormant condition, with less wood about them than at any other time, a capital opportunity is aftbrded for going thoroughly over them, to make a cle.an sweep of the pest. After trying various expedients, I could never find anything do the work so effectu.ally as the smothering process, by giving the bark a dressing of a similar nature to that generally used for Peaches and Vines. Plastic clay, with two or three ounces of any of the insecticides, and about the same quantity of soft soap to a gallon of water, thickened by the former to the consistency of paint, and then put on with a brush, will settle matters with them to a certainty, without any harm to the plant. The only thing is to see that every part is covered, and if this is done they will be no further trouble for a long time to come. The severe winter, involving as it has the use of much fire-heat, has dried the borders near the pipes to a much greater extent than is generally suspected, which being the case an examination should be made, and, if needful, a thorough soaking given, as nothing tends so much to engender weakness in creepers as an arid condition of the soil over and above what is necessary to give them a fair season of rest. J. Shep- pard, Woolventone Pai-k, 176 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Fkp.ruary 8, 1879 THE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1879. I'cb. 10 f Sale of Iinr J Rooms. \ Sale of Jap I & Morris. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Iinporlcd Orchids, at Stevens' Japanese Lilies, by Protheroc ris. r Rnyal Ilorlicultural Societ\' : Meeting of I Ilie Fruit and Fioral Cominitlces at 1 UESDAY, 1 <-h, II ^ M A.M., and Srientilic (""omniittee at i p.m. I Annual Ccneral Meeting of the Fellows I ntgi'.M. Wedxesdw. Feb I-' I Sale of 1, ilium aural imi, Roses, Fruit Trees, ■ "I &c., at Stevens' Rooms. Stevens' THURSDAy, I^cb. 13 Saturdw, I'fb, 15 ( Sale of Imported Orchids, a J Rooms. "i Sale at the Nurseries, Taumoii, ( Protheroe & Morris (two dajs. ) —Sale of Koses, at Stevens' Kooias, THE annual meeting of the Roy.m, Horti- CULTUR,\L .Society, which will be held on Tuesday next, on the same day as the meetings of the three committees, is looked forward to with much interest by those of the Fellows in- terested in horticulture. It is known that the lease of the South Kensington garden has lapsed from non-fulfilment of the necessary conditions on the part of the Society, and the question on everybody's lips is, " What next ? " Doubtless the Council will do something towards enlighten- ing the Fellows at the meeting, and it would have been well if they had done so beforehand. What the general tenor of the report will be it is not diffi- cult to guess. The financial state of the Society will probably be found to be no worse (if we except the Preston Show account) but rather better than before, and if all obligations could be wiped off the monetary condition would not be a subject for anxiety. We shall probably be told that negotiations and pflitrpMiers have been held more or less formally or more or less informally, with the landlords. Her Majesty's Commissioners, but without any definite result having been arrived at. The Society awaits the proposals of the Commissioners, the Commissioners want to know what proposals the Society is goino- to make. Possibly some more or less tempting project will be put forward, but on the whole we suspect that but little that is definite will be announced. Turning to the horticultural part of the report we shall probably be told that the exhi- bitions have been quite equal, if not superior, to what they have ever been ; that they have been honoured by the presence of Royalty ; and that had it not been for untoward weather the finan- cial results would have been better. We shall be told that the committees have done their work with their usual regularity and disinterest- edness ; that the experimental work at Chiswick has been well carried on by Mr. B.\rron and his assistants so far as means have permitted. The Preston Show will have to be chronicled among the Society's failures, which will surprise no one who knew the circumstances under which it was organised and the untoward weather during its continuance. So much we think we may venture to predict without being too rash ; and even if our predic- tions should be falsified by the event, they will at least commend themselves as having so much of truth in them as to render them highly pro- bable. As to the proposals for the future, and the policy the Council intend to act upon, we have not the most distant notion — perhaps not even the Council is much more decided. But that is just the most serious part of the whole question. Here is the Society apparently float- ing hopelessly on the surging waves of a troubled sea, out of sight of land or lightship, and for all we see without a captain on the bridge, a man on the look-out, or a steersman at the helm. The crew may be all there, and may be in a state of complete efficiency— and we do not wish to intimate that it is not so— but if a doubt does arise the Council have them- selves only to blame, for they have made no sound, and have left us utterly in the dark as to the state of alTairs. Worse than this, they have suggested as new members of Council in place of those who retire as a matter of course two gentlemen who are utterly unknown as horticul- turists. One of these names, we believe, either has been or will be officially withdrawn, and the name of Lord Skelmersdale substituted. This is in every way a wise change, and we trust that e\ery horticulturist will record his vote for a gentleman who has proved himself so valuable an officer in a kindred Society — the Royal Agricultural. To fill the second vacancy we beg to suggest that the votes of the horticulturists be given to Mr. Kellock. Mr. KEt.l.ocK is one of those few energetic men who came to the rescue in the most troubled times the Society ever had, and who for that alone deserves our gratitude. He has been influenced neither by fear nor favour, but has under all circumstances doggedly and persistently upheld the cause of horticulture to the best of his judgment and ability, and he has proved a most efficient chairman of the Floral Committee. In so doing he has doubtless — as every strong-willed man must — given offence to soiTie, but these are not times to quibble about personal grievances. The Council of the Society must be strengthened, it must be prevented from lapsing into paths non-horticultural, and the Society must be saved the degradation of becom- ing a mere resort of idlers and fashion worship- pers, if even the latter can be induced to come. It comes to this. Such are the relations of the Society to the Commissioners that public attention and that of Parliament must soon be drawn to them, and scant favour will be shown to the Society unless it can be proved to have been and to be true to itself. Its public utility must be made apparent at all hazards and at all cost. Does any one believe that a Society which should be the national representative of horti- culture is doing its duty by organising trade- bazaars in the shape of flower shows, furnishing bands and promenades for aristocratic ladies, lawn-tennis and skating-ponds according to season for the children of South Kensington ? These things are well enough in their way — we do not decry them — but they are not horticulture ; and when the inquisition comes, if the Society has little else to show, what mercy can it expect .'' This is why we want to see horticulture more strongly and efficiently represented on the Council. Every country gentleman who takes an interest in his garden should feel an interest in the Society — but is it so ? Take the great patrons of horticulture and botany throughout the country, and see how very few of them take any concern in the welfare of the Society. These are the men who should form a large majority of the Council, but how difficult it seems to be to secure their services. Take the zealous amateurs, the active, energetic members of the suburban and provincial horti- cultural societies, and see how small is the num- ber of those who feel any active interest in the Society and its doings. All this is beyond con- tradiction. To remedy it we want a keen- sighted guiding spirit, with a strong Council behind him ; we want the active support of every gardener, high or low, in the kingdom ; and in so far as the Society fails in these things it will fail to attract the sympathy of the public, and it will bind tighter the fetters of South Kensington. RovAL Horticultural Society. — .^t .i meeting of Fellows of the Royal HorticHltiual Society, held at the Horticultural Club, January 29, it was resolved to recommend that at the election, on February 11, the names of Lieut. -Col. Makins and Mr. Asi'iNALL be erased from the blue balloting paper, and those of Lord Skei.mersd.\i,f. and Mr. . W. B. Kellock be inserted in their stead. All that voters have to do is to strike out from the list, on. the blue paper, those names of which they disapprove, and to insert those of whom they do approve, and who have been duly nominated. We may also state the meetings of the Fruit and Floral Committees will on this occasion be held in the conservatory, Botanic Garden, Palermo. — Botanic gardens where botanical science alone is the raison (/'/V;y of the establishment, are apt to be ugly enough. There is re.ally no reason why this should he so. The pursuit of science need not be hindered or interfered with by artistic grouping of noble or graceful forms of vegetation or harmonious combinations of colours ; on the contrary, much may be done to promote the diffusion of knowledge by presenting it before the public in an attractive manner. Even the clement of cost need prove no bar, as the public would not grudge a little extra outlay when they can " see something for their money," and have something put before them which they can appreciate. In a botanic garden the first essential is a well selected, well named collection ; and next, that the arrangement be such as to be at once useful and pleasing. In a garden a rigid scientific arrangement as regards minute details is impracticable — general principles alone can be acted on. As a strictly linear sequence or accurate grouping according to affinities is impossible, there is the more e.xcuse for artistic arrangement. Moreover, one very important function of a botanic garden is to serve the purposes of practical garden- ing by displaying to the best advantage plants likely to be useful in any way in gardens of the ordinary character. The avenue of Date Palms in the Botanic Garden at Palermo, of which, through the kindness of Professor Todaro, we give a woodcut (fig. 26), may suffice as an illustra- tion of our remarks. Here we have noble forms and bold foliage supplying grateful shade and sheltering elegant Cycads and Palms of lower growth. Agaves and succulents furnish a marked contrast in form. The " vases " in which the plants are growing are in themselves a lesson — it would be a desecration to call them "flower-pots." The elegant form of these vases is one of the first things that strikes the eye of the British gardener when he finds himself on the further side of the Alps. An ugly flower-pot, such as is the almost universal rule here, is there equally excep- tional. The Origin of Existing Floras. — Baron Ettingshausen, in a report to the Royal Society, says that all the existing floras of the earth are the des- cendants of the plants constituting the Tertiary flora. The Tertiary strata contain the original species of the recent floras and plant forms of all parts of the globe. Moreover, in each of the recent floras are to be per- ceived the elements of their common origin. They have, however, been more or less changed, and have developed into manifold forms. The fossil plants, according to the B.aron, vary more than the living ones, the varieties of the fossil plants corre- sponding with what are now regarded as species. The v.arieties, for instance, of the fossil Pine, called Pinus paleo-strobus, so entirely correspond with many of the recent species of Pinus, that the former must be recognised as the original forms of the latter. The Eocene flora of Great Britain, to which the Baron has given special attention, is remarkable for a series of Ferns of tropical character. These have been dis- covered at Bournemouth, Bovey Tracey, and else- where. Ferns fro.m the North of Borneo. — To the current number of the Journal of Botany Mr. J. G. Baker has contributed a report on the collec- tion of Ferns made for Messrs. Veitcii & Sons in the north of Borneo by Mr. F. \V. Burbidge. which includes an enumeration of above fifty species, which, so far as the author is aware, had not been gathered in the island before. Some of the species are new to science, and of these Mr. Baker gives descriptions of Gleichenia circinata var. borneensis, Alsophila Burbidgei, Davallia Veitchii, Lindsaya Jamesonoides, L. crispa, Asplenium por- phyrorachis, A. xiphophyllum, Nephrodium nudum, Polypoilium minimum, P. Burbidgei, P. strepto- phyllum, P. taxoides, P. stenopteris, and P. holo- phyllum. FrrRiTARY S. 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 177 The Native Plants of Victoria.— The energies of Baron vON Mueller seem never to flag, and while constantly endeavouring to further the progress of botanical knowledge, he keeps steadily in view the requirements of amateurs, and of those who are specially interested in the productive resources of the vegetable kingdom. We have before us a few advance sheets of a work on the native plants of Victoria, which seems to us calculated to be very useful. Indeed it frequently happens that we are asked to recommend a work on the flora of the Australian colonies to amateurs and gardeners to whom the elaborate work of Mr. Bentham, in seven octavo volumes, is not suitable. The present book, when completed, will supply the want. The work is in English, clearly printed, and the descriptive para- very short distance ; and the conclusion which is arrived at seems to be that the whole plain will at least increase this number tenfold. The wood of these trunks is well preserved, Init h.is assumed, through the long influence of water, a thorough black colour : it'is quite sound and compact, and seems well fitted for the sculptor and cabinet-maker's work. The size is some- what enormous. One of the smaller ones, measuring iS m. in length (59 feet), and 1.50 cm. in diameter, has been dispatched by rail to Lerlin, to be placed in the National Museum of Geology. The Classification of Gardeners for ExHiiiiTiON Purposes. — Those who have to deal with the compilation and revision of schedules of lirizes of horticultural societies that carry on their " single-handed gardeners' classes," but it has hardly worked well in practice. It has been found that some gardeners having only occasional help, possess not only a larger quantity, but better glass accommodation for growing jilants, than others having more assistance in the shape of labour, and derive decided advantages in this respect. Some gardens, circumscribed in extent, have three or four houses that can be pretty well managed by one man, because there is so little of outdoor garden to tend, while others have a large quantity of outdoor garden and a paddock or two, but little glass. The latter is at a decided disadvan- tage in the matter of the growth of plants ; and fur- ther, though he may have the assistance of an under- gardener constantly, yet his time is likely to be taken up in tending a cow and pigs, or other work not Fig. 26.— the palm walk in the hotaxic garden, Palermo, {see r. 176. graphs arranged so as to secure easy reference and speedy comparison. Some orders usually placed in the incomplete, or apetalous group, are here placed with those hypogynous exogens to which they are indeed most closely allied. Some sort of key or clavis to both genera and species might with propriety have been added. A few illustrative woodcuts are given. An Antediluvian Forest Discovered in Germany. — The geological investigations which Dr. MoESTA of Marburg made last summer in the dis- trict of Rothenburg on the Fulda, have led to the discovery of a subterraneous Oak forest. It is sub- merged in a depth from 7 — S feet along the plain of this river-valley, and evidently belongs to an early epoch of our globe. The estimated number of trunks is 2000 to 3000 between Ilersfeld and Melsungen— a operations within a restricted area, are compelled by force of circumstances to attempt some method of classification that will equalise the competition as far as possible. There are gardeners and gardeners ; that is to say, there are degrees of them, taking into account the extent of their glass accommodation chiefly, and the assistance received in the way of labour. It is obvious that some are much more favourably circumstanced than others (apart from the possession of cultural skill and an adequate know- ledge of plants) in the direction of producing good exhibition specimens ; and how to equalise these con- veniences and opportunities is a matter requiring some consideration. In the case of one suburban society a distinction has been drawn between gardeners having constant assistance and those having occasional help l)ut no constant assistance. The making of this distinction led to the formation of what are termed strictly related lo a garden. It is in the suburbs of London, and other great centres of population espe- cially, that practical difficulties of this kind present themselves to the managers of flower shows, espe- cially in cases where the payment of an annual sub- scription gives the right to compete. How can a distinction be best and most justly drawn ? is the practical question, and it is one that might be dis- cussed with advantage. It may be pointed out that some such equality among competitors differently circumstanced could be brought about by bracketing certain classes together — say one for six and one for four Fuchsias or Pelargoniums, but restricting com- petitors to one of these classes only. But this does, not meet the case by any means, as the exhibitor most lavourably circumstanced might — and indeed does very often — prefer to exhibit the smallest quantity to the largest, thinking a certainty in the one case is 178 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 8, 1879. preferable to an uncertainty in the other. There is yet another class of gardeners — those having the care of gardens where there is little glass accommoda- tion save a frame or two, or a cold greenhouse. This is not an uncommon occurrence, and liow such an one has fared with tender plants during the past winter can better be imagined than described. These almost require a division by themselves ; but that leads to an undue extension of schedules of prizes, and a complication of the arrangements of a show. Then there is the amateur pure and simple — the cultivator who actively superintends .and in a great measure grows his own plants — a class of exhibitor that has been defined in schedules as one who does not constantly employ a gardener, though he may have occasional help. There are many such who spend the best part of their days away from their homes, engaged in business, and can give only a portion of their mornings and evenings, and occa- .siona! holidays, to their gardens. These also claim a division to themselves, and it is difficult to resist the demand. It is in connection with purely local societies that these difficulties of classification arise, and any suggestions towards an equitable arrangement ot these difficulties would be gladly welcomed by many managers. At first sight they may appear to be of a very superficial character, but an intimate acquaintance with the working of flower shows demonstrates that they become grievances of a some- what perplexing nature. Their assumed comparative insignificance must not be suffered to detract from their importance ; and with the rapid growth of small exhibitions, the area of the difficulties increases. We therefore invite discussion ; but only on this condition — that the grievances are matters of principle and not of a personal or sentimental character merely ; and they who set themselves to discuss them in a serious spirit will be those most likely to suggest practical remedies, and conclusions based on common-sense arrangements. The National Florists' Societies. — A circular has just been issued conjointly by the Rev. F. D. Horner and Mr. .S. Barlow convening a general meeting of the members of the National Auricula (northern section), the Royal National Tulip, and the National Carnation and Picotee (northern section) Societies, to be held at the old "Bull's Head " (off the Market Place), Manchester, on Wednesday, February 19, at 3 o'clock P.M. The business set forth is to arrange the dates of this year's exhibitions, to prepare the schedules of prizes, to decide on the plan of judging, and to take up any other matter and work that may present itself con- nected with the management of the National Florists' Societies. Members of either of the above societies are earnestly requested to attend. Rhododendrons of the Malayan Archi- pelago AND New Guinea. — In the third part of the Malcsia, Dr. Beccari describes a number of new species of Rhododendron, including several from New Guinea, and gives a list of all the known species, re- produced below : — R. javanicum, Eenn. , Java, R. acuminatum. Hook. f. , Borneo . Borneo „ Erookeannm, Low, Borneo | ,, durionifolium, I-ecc, ,, Lowii, Hook, f., Borneo i Borneo ,, Teijsmanni, Miq., Sumatra ' ,, retusum. Eenn., Java, ,, Konori, Becc , New Guinea I Sumatra ,, malayanum, Jack., Ma- ,, papuanum, Becc, New lacca, Sumat.'a, Java, ' Guinea Borneo I ,, biixifolium, Low, Borneo ,, celebicum, DC.. Celebes ' ,, Lampongum, Miq., Su- ,, Arfakianum, Becc , New ' matra Gumea ,, multicolor, Miq., Sumatra „ hatamense, Eecc, New „ gracile, Low, Borneo Guinea ,, subcordatum, Eecc. .Borneo ,, variolosum, Eecc, Borneo ,, citrinum, Hassk., Java, ,, longiflorum, Low, Borneo Sumatra ,, velutinum, Becc, Borneo ,, ericoides. Low, Borneo ,, verticillatum, Low, Borneo ,, salicifolium, Becc, Borneo ,, rugosum. Low, Borneo „ album, Bl., Java. Borneo Some of these Rhododendrons are amongst the most beautiful and distinct of the genus, but they may be difficult to cultivate as they are of epiphytal habit, although this objection does not apply to the epiphytal kinds already introduced. R. ericoides has small crowded heath-like leaves, and an undescribed species in the Kew herbarium bearing the manuscript name R. stenophyllum. Hook, f., is like Sciadopitys in the shape and arran 'ement of its leaves. Weight oe Seeds. — In an interesting essay on the geographical distribution of Nepenthes {Malcsia, i., p. 213 to 238) Dr. Beccari gives the average weight of a few seeds. To give an idea, he says, of the lightness of some of these seeds, "I re- quested Dr. Grattarola to weigh some of them in the chemical laboratory of the Florence Museum. He found by weighing a mass of a certain number of seeds of Nepenthes Phyllamphora that they averaged each the weight of 0.000035 gramme ; seeds of Rho- dodendron verticillatum, 0.000028 gramme ; those of an .Kschynanthus, 0.00002 gramme ; finally, an Orchid, the Dendrobium antennatuni, Lindl., of New Guinea, on an average 0.00000565 gramme.'' A gramme = 15.4 grains. ■ Pri.mula sinensis 1'TMT.ri.ata. — We have received from Mr. W. Bull samples of his prize strains of fringed Chinese Primrose, which are of excellent quality, and aftbrd considerable choice of variety. The ordinary forms, alba and rubra, are equal to any which have been sent to us, being large, stout, and finely fringed, the crim.son high-coloured and the white pure, each with a distinct yellow eye. Similar in size and quality is kermesina splendens, the colour of which is of a very attractive carmine-rose shade. One called lilacina albo-marginata is a deep lilac with pale eye and narrow white border, very dis- tinct, as also is alba luteo-oculata, which is remark- able for its substance, and has the yellow eye extending over half the diameter of the flower, giving an entirely novel character. Both these are quite outside the usual types of Chinese Primulas. One named Village Maid is a fine pale sort flushed with pink, and here and there striped with rosy carmine. Two doubles com- plete the batch, these being especially desir.able to cut from, as they do not drop their flowers like the single ones ; they have a corolla of the usual form, with a tuft of petaloid bodies springing from the eye ; one called rubra flore-pleno is of a bright magenta- rose ; the other, kermesina splendens flore-pleno, of a brilliant carmine-red. They are altogether a remark- ably fine lot. The Trade in Flower-pots. — We learn from Mr. John Matthews, of Weston-super-Mare, that the actual number of flower-pots made at his pottery last year was 1,187,521, equal to an average turn-out of 22,833 P^f week, which, as compared with the number made in 1877 — 1,383,000 — shows that the demand in 1878 fell short of that of the pre- vious year to the extent of 195,479. .Such being the condition of affairs with one manufacturer alone, who shall say that horticulture is not suft'ering with most other brandies of industry from the great depression in trade ? However, Mr. Matthews speaks hope- fully, the demand in January having proved larger than usual, the number sent away being close upon 200,000, 74,000 of which went to one customer. M. Courant's Cactuses (see p. 75S of our last volume). — We are requested to state that, as M. COURANT is an invalid, he cannot be troubled to put up and send cuttings to any who may ask for them. We much regret that M. CouRANT should have been put to any inconvenience through a statement made in these columns by a French correspondent. The Li.me Groves of Montserrat. — The little island of Montserrat, one of the most charming and salubrious of the British West-Indian colonies, with an area of but forty-seven square miles, or considerably less than that of London, con- tains the most extensive and best cultivated planta- tions of the Lime-fruit tree in the world. These "orchards," according to The Colonics, are the de- velopment of a small plantation established but a quarter of a century ago by a Mr. Burke, when the virtues of the juice of the Lime fruit were not so universally recognised as they are now. The cultiva- tion of the plant, which involves a large outLiy of capital, with no immediate return, was not at first attended with any commercial success ; but the Montserrat Company now owns 600 acres of land, bearing 120,000 trees, from which a crop is gathered nearly all the year round, the heaviest harvest extend- ing for three months, from September to January. The appearance of the trees, with their dark green leaves growing thick and bushy, and relieved at one and the same time by the bright fruit in different stages of ripeness, from green to a rich ruddy yellow, and by the fragrant white flowers, resembling Orange blossoms — is one of extreme beauty, and a Lime tree orchard is perhaps unequalled by any other similar plantation. The very leaves of the tree emit a delicious perfume, and are largely used in the West Indies for the purpose of scenting water for toilet and other purposes. The trees do not bear fruit till they are seven years old, and during that period they require careful attention and pruning ; they are other- wise e.asy of cultivation, flourishing best in light soils near the sea. The production of fruit is very large, and the process of extracting the juice is easy, the fruit being simply sliced and pressed, and the juice at once placed in casks ready for exportation. A secondary product is citric acid, which is procured from the inferior fruit, and by a subsequent manipu- lation of the refuse from the first process of squeezing. There is room for a large extension of the industry, and many of our colonies besides the little Leeward Islands might turn their attention with advantage to the cultivation of the Citrus limetta. Imperial Averages. — Mr. Allnutt, 6, I'etter Lane, Fleet Street, E.C., has issued a dia- gram showing the fluctuations in the imperial average price of Wheat weekly during 1878 — which was 46.?. 5(/. The average for Barley was 40.^. 2ci. ; and Oats, 24r. 4^'. The highest price realised during the year was 525-. ^il., in the week ending May 11 ; and the lowest 39^., in the weeks ending October 26 and November 2. The Nursery and Seed Trade Asso- ciation have issued their second annual report, in which they state that during the past year debts to the amount of over .1^^1400 have been recovered and paid to the members, many of these debts having been previously considered as " bad debts." This sum represents a great improvement on last year's business. Information has been applied for and afforded to various members, which has proved most useful in protecting and advancing their interests. Great advantages have been also obtained by channels of communication derived through the Society, by supplying the names and addresses of debtors, and by the correlation of reports. Members have also been collectively represented by the Secretary in cases of bankruptcy, &c., by which their interests have been fully protected, dividends ob- tained, and their own time saved. The Secretary is Mr. Geo. C. Cookman, 14, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. ■ New Zealand Ferns. — The New Zealand Country Journal for October, published at Christ- church, New Zealand, contains, inter alia, an interesting notice of the Ferns of that country. The Common Passion-flower and the Frost. — There is reason to fear that the common Passion-flowers, P. ccerulea, growing about London, have suffered severely through the recent keen frost. Many a villa residence in the suburbs of London had its sunny side clothed with this beautiful climber during the past summer, trained up into and along the front of balconies, and formed into festoons about windows, porches, and doorways. For two or three past years the plants have thriven amazingly well, bloomed freely, and borne their orange-coloured fruits in autumn. An examination of plants grown under the favourable circumstances of a dry and warm position shows that the effects of the frost have been deadly in relation to the younger wood, and the larger portion of the plants will have to be sacrificed. Some plants, it is feared, are killed back to the ground-line. It is to be hoped, for the sake of the pleasing clothing of the walls the plants aft'ord to many villa residences, that the main stems are not too far gone to break again into growth when the warm spring time, for which so many gardeners are longing, breaks upon the face of the land. Such a deadly frost may not happen for years to come, but the moral pointed by such occur- rences is that it is true wisdom to aftord protection, as far as it can be done, to plants of a somewhat delicate char.acter — covering up the roots and placing bandages about the stems. "Fast bind, fast find," .applies as much to gardens . as to safes, &c. ; the exercise of a little forethought and consideration may preserve to gardens during severe weather many things far too good and useful to be lost for want of a little atten- tion. ■ Amicia zygomeris. — It is not often that we see this handsome old jMexican plant in use for con- servatory decoration, but lately we saw specimens about a yard high bearing a profusion of its golden Pea-like blossoms on short axillary racemes, which. Fei'.ruary S, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 179 combined with its elegant foliage, rendered it very attractive. For this pmpose we were informed that it is advisable to plant the specimens out during summer, and aljout the middle of autumn to lift and divide if necessary, and so obtain useful sized plants. In the same garden a huge si^ecimen has for many years tliriven against a south wall, but seldom pro- duces flowers. The Late Mr. Joseph Dale. — "Templar" writing to the Times states that the widow of Mr. Joseph Dale, of the Middle Temple Gardens, aged 69, is left in straitened circumstances, with orphan grandchildren depending upon her ; that a fund is being raised for her benefit, and that subscriptions will be gratefully received at Child's Bank and by the following members of the Bar : — Mr. Willia:m Whiteford, 4, Elm Court, Temple; Mr. Pembroke .S. Stei'HEN's, 5, Brick Court ; and Mr. W. C. I'etherham, 2, Plowden Buildings. Ruscus racemosus. — One of the most useful evergreens for cutting and mixing with cut flowers is this handsome old Liliaceous plant, known by some under the popular name of the Jerusalem Laurel. It is perfectly hardy, and forms very elegant specimens about 2 feet high, with slender arching stems clothed with small lanceolate foliage of a shining deep green colour, and lasts a very long time in a perfectly fresh condition when cut. It may be frequently met with in old-established gardens, butseldoinin themore modern, yet certainly deserves more extensive knowledge either as a plant for ordinary borders, the margins of shrubberies, or for pot culture for the conservatory stages. Mr. Hildebrandt's Address. — Professor Reichexbach writes to say that Mr. Hilde- brandt's address was not given in our last with so much accuracy as it might have been, hence we desire to s.ay now that letters should be addressed to Herr Rector Rensch, 14, Nostitzstrasse, Berlin, S.W., by those who wish to procure any of Hilde- brandt's introductions. Lee axd Blackheath Horticultural Society. — The dates fixed for the shows of this Society are Wednesday and Thursday, June 18 and 19, and Wednesday and Thursday, November 19 and 20. Torquay Horticultural Society. — The spring exhibition of this Society is fixed for March 20 ; the summer exhibition and Rose show for July I ; and the Chrysanthemum, fruit, and vegetable show on November 1 1. Reading Horticultural Society. — The usu.al spring show will be held in the Abbey gardens on Thursday, May 22 ; and the summer show in the same place on Thursday, August 21. The Weather.— From the Meteorological Office Report for the week ending February 3, we learn that the weather was very dull, hazy, and gloomy in all the more southern districts, but fairer in the north, and occasionally fine and bright in some parts of Scotland. The temperature was again low at the commencement of the period, but rising somewhat decidedly during the last day or two ; the average for the week being below the mean in all districts. The maximum was frequently below 32°, except in "England, south-west " and on the coast of "Ire- land, south." The readings were as low as H° at Durham, 17° at Silloth, and 20° at Stonyhurst on the 28th ult., while on February i the sheltered ther- mometer at Glenalmond fell to 21' and that on the grass to I2\ The gradual rise noticed at the end of the week commenced in south-west and spread slowly over England ; the maxima on February 2 being as high as 50' in " Englaml, south-west " and 45' in " England, south," but did not exceed 36° or 37° over the "Midland Counties." The reading of 45°, reported in the district last mentioned, was registered at one station only (Oxford). The rainfall was more than the mean in " England, south-west " and " Ire- land, south," but less in all other districts. The aTiounts reported at the various stations in " Ireland, south " differ considerably ; at Dublin, Kingstown, and Roche's Point they .are greatly in excess of the mean, but at Parsonstown there is a slight and at V,alentia a considerable deficit. The heavy amounts at the former stations appear to have accompanied the south-easterly gales which beat upon the south- cast coast of Ireland. The wind was rather variable at the commencement of the week ; easterly breezes in the south .and south-easterly in the north then suc- ceeded, but at the close of the week south-easterly winds became general. Stiff south-east gales were experienced in the south-west and west on January 31 and February i. Gardening Appointments. — Mr. Ellis Lea has succeeded Mr. Jones as head gardener to Sir John Kelk, Bart., Bentley Priory, Great Stan- more, N.W. — Mr. Thomas Carter, late foreman at Ragley Hall, Warwickshire, has been appointed to succeed Mr. James Pink as gardener to Lord Sondes, at Lees Court, Kaversham, Kent. Mr. Pink, we believe, has been gardener at Lees Court for about twelve years, and has given up his situation with the intention of going to Austr.ilia. — Mr. J. P. Leadbetter, late gardener to the Viscountess DowNE, at Baldersby Park, Thirsk, has been appointed gardener to Admiral the Hon. A. DUN- COMBE, Kilnwick Percy, Pocklington. ORCHIDS AT KEVV. First to meet the view from the porch, and one of the finest things now in flower, is a good variety of Dendrobium Wardianum ; near it is a large Odonto- glossum bictoniense, not, however, with the best pos- sible flowers, which are produced as a rule on weaker growing plants. This species, more than any other, seems addicted to teratologic^il phenomena, many flowers being malformed in different and curious ways, this happening yearly on different plants. The first flower we notice has the petals united to the column, and the labellum is reduced to a thread ; in the next are two reduced segments, one sepal and one petal, the former of which is united to the column. The union of petals to column is quite a common occur- rence, and so also is the reduction of parts to a thread, which sometimes happens symmetrically, but as often the reverse. On the right is an attractive plant of Stenorhynchus speciosus, a terrestrial Orchid, which should be a favourite on account of its red bracts and flowers, the former being large and conspicuous, long in colour before the flowers. These are admirably adapted to show the modus operandi of cross ferti- lisation by insects ; the segments are brought together, forming a tube, so that it would be a problem for any insect to enter without carrying away the pollinia, and similarly it is almost impossible to insert the point of a pencil without effecting the same result. Of Masdevallia there are, to many of our readers, roughly speaking, two classes, the one ornamental and the other the so-called botanical ; the first uf these is represented by M. amabilis, and the latter, very attractively, by M. melanopus, and another very curious species, M, gibberosa. The free parts of the sepals of the hatter are like legs, one of which (the lower) turns up, and across it sit astride the two others. M. melanopus has long been in bloom, and is quite charming in its profusion of pale-spotted flowers. Next is a beautiful piece of Sophronites grandiflora, splendid in colour, but too well known to need a word in its favour. Underneath on the shelf is Oncidium serratum, which takes another form of beauty in the crisped edges and undulations of its brown flowers, a relief to the bright colour of the last. Restrepia antennifera is extremely curious, and has several times been mentioned, so often is it in flower. The lovely genus Odontoglossum presents two species in particular : first there is a fine spike of O. luteo-purpureum, the flowers well-coloured and beautifully fimbriated ; then comes O. Pescatorei, with white-spotted flowers, much admired for their chaste appearance. Besides these, O. hastilabium is also good, and of lesser merit are O. Lindleyanum, O. cristatum, and O. gloriosum. Oncidiums are numerous, and show considerable variety ; O. flexuo- sum has thin panicles of neat yellow flowers, prettily marked with red ; O.. ornithorhynchum has a profu- sion of bloom, the colour rather unusual, being a kind of lilac ; O. cheirophorum is charming, with numbers of tiny canary-yellow flowers, without other colour, and O. aureum is good, with a broad yellow lip. Mesospinidium (Ada) auran- tiacum is noteworthy for its deep orange flowers, a colour not common among Orchids. Tlic warm division is no less rich with flowers than the last. Much we admire the ivory-white flowers of Angroicum eburneum ; they must be of value for mounting singly, and scarcely less the variety virens, but this, however, is uf less purity. Cymbidium sinense is not showy, but possesses an exquisite per- fume much like that of Violets. We believe that with the Chinese it is a great favourite, and doubtless on this account. Cypripediums may pass with brief mention; the chief are C. .Sedeni, C. llarrisianum, C. venustum and C. pardinum. Cirrhopetalum Me- dusa; is remarkable lor the lengthy attenuation of its sepals, which, together, as it were, form a loose tassel. Extremely attractive, from numerous touches of rose, are the flowers of .Saccolabium viola- ceum, while another, S. Harrisonianum, is without spots, and the flowers are of creamy white. Fine plants of Ansellia africana are in bloom, and there is also another kind, very beautiful, hitherto referred to the same species, but which at least deserves varietal distinction. The differences are easily pointed out ; first of all the stems are very much shorter ; it is true they have not long been imported, but they difl'er no less from imported stems of the ordinary form than from those of home growth, and further, the plant in question is without any evidence of changing character, which it already has had time to show by young growth. Then again the flowers are larger and dift'erently marked, the spots are fewer but of greater size, so as to have a much bolder appearance. The flowers do not droop as in the common species, and they are conspicuous in having a wider expansion. Altogether the aspect of the plant is different, and it is quite worth growing in addition. Again reaching the cool-house we find a nice plant with strong stems of Dendrobium aureum, which is so sweetly scented as quite to be worth remark. Den- drobium crassinode is beautiful in its flowers, and equally curious in the thickened nodes of the stems, which are depressed over the sides of the basket in rather a grotesque fashion. Another charming species is D. moniliforme, with flowers of rosy colour, and with the well-known D. nobile several of the highly coloured kinds are now in bloom. D. tetragonum is remarkable for its square stems which bear flowers of most curious structure. As showy Orchids we cannot fail to mention Phajus grandilolius, La:lia anceps, Phatenopsis Schilleriana, P. amabilis, and the more modest P. rosea. These are in the warm division, and a reinspection leads our attention to the curious Angrsecum odoratissimum, which, scentless by day, has a very fungus-like smell at night ; the flowers as in some other species are peculiarly arranged, in this case the spurs are in a direct line with the spike, and point to its apex. The Damage Done by the Late Frost. — Some remarks on the damage occasioned to plants Ijy the recent, and I fear I may say present, cold weather in the comparatively mild climate of West Somersetshire, in and about Taunton, may possibly be interesting. None of the ordinary evergreens, such as Portugal Laurel, Arbutus, Laurustinus, B.ays, Phillyrea, Ber- beris Darwinii, common Laurel, and Aucubas (the latter carrying its berries well), appear to have suffered in the least. Piptanthus nepalensis. Erica medi- terranea (large plants). Magnolia grandiflora, and Berberis Bealii are all uninjured. Chanthus puniceus some 10 feet high against a wall, and covered with a mat during actual frost, is not severely hurt ; but Plumbago capensis, Habrothamnus fasciculatus, the sweet-scented Verbena (Aloysia) and Coprosma lucida, against the same wall, and covered in the same way, and which have stood out uninjured for the last three winters, are killed to the ground. Eucalyptus globulus has every leaf injured, but the stems do not appear to be killed. All the young shoots of Hype- ricum patulum and the yellow variegated Japanese evergreens are killed, but the stems do not appear much hurt. In some exposed situations the leaves of Hypericum calycinum are browned, but in sheltered spots the plants are uninjured. Even the variegated Japanese Honeysuckle has many of its leaves injured, and Jasminum nudiflorum can scarcely pro"erns, Onychium japonicum has succumbed to the frost, but Cyrtoniium falcatum is uninjured. William Mimro, Feb. 4. Bamboos. — I was much interested in reading of the behaviour of plants at Fota Island, and more particularly the Bamboos, which without exception are, I think the most graceful and ornamental shrubs in existence, that is, when viewed as regards their stems and foliage alone. The fine specimens we had of Thamnocalamus Falconeri are, I regret to say, quite dead, but their demise has not come about through the action of the present frost, as they never rallied after becoming defoliated and exhausted by seed bearing two years ago, and I iear many others elsewhere went in the same way. The small ones we at present have are protected round the base with dry leaves and bracken, and look as if they would pull through, but from present ajipearances Arundinaria japonica, the Metake, is the hardiest of the whole family, as a large plant of it having no covering whatever looks as fresh and green as a Laurel. Coming from Japan, it is quite likely it may endure our winters, and if so it will be quite an acquisition for planting and growing near the margins of lakes or in conspicuous places on lawns, where its graceful habit and pleasing colour are sure to make it a very attractive object. J. S. Dendrobium nobile. — I saw a grand specimen of this good old plant last week at The Sycamores, Lowth, near Lincoln. It was growing in a basket suspended from the roof of the stove. I was much surprised to see that it was going to flower almost as well on shoots made the same season as on those made tlie season before. I do not remember to have seen one do it before. Is it a common occur- rence when well grown ? The young growth was of extraordinary thickness, plenty of them also being 2 feet long. L. M. Culverwell's Telegraph and Carter's Tele- phone Peas. — I must beg you to allow me to say a few words in reply to Messrs. Carter's letter at p. 14S. In the first place the Messrs. Carter assail my knowledge of hybridising the Pea. I am not going to quarrel with them about that, but let me inform them that I have had plenty of practice for the last ten years, as I have grown very many hundreds of seedlings carefully hybridised, and I have over a hundred to be tried this coming season. My impression was when I saw the Telephone Pea adver- tised, that the Messrs. Carter had — as my stock of Telegraph and the original stock was wrinkled more or less, and also varied in colour — picked the wrinkled Peas out and called them Telephone. If this was done it would certainly deteriorate the stock of Telegraph. I have just tried the experiment, and fledged my own stock of Telegraph in this way, and they make a good sample of wrinkled Peas, but what was left made, to my mind, a bad sample of Telegraph, and might be inferior to the original stock when grown. For this reason I claim that the wrinkled Pea ought to bear the name of Telegraph. Messrs. Carter & Co. also say "our manager ... an expert inhis craft, noticed in the growth that there were a few plants that showed what he thought to be an improvement," and I must say that he is an expert indeed, if he could grow sufficient stock for sending out from those few plants in the short space of two years. Messrs. Carter say any one of experience knows full well that one pod of Peas will produce types of marked variations. In this I agree. I said in my communication that every Pea in the pod produced a distinct variety, some tall and others dwarf growing — more it could not produce ; they do not always fix themselves the first year, as I have found them better the second year than the first. I grew Telegraph on for eight years, and I saw no variations whatever in that time. I beg to thank you fir offering to grow the samples that havebecn sent you. What I would propose to do, is for Messrs. Carter to send the wrinkled Pea which they have named Telephone to Mr. Barron, of the Royal Horticultural Hardens, and I will send some of the original stock of Telegraph. The difference then, if any, can be pointed out there ; I will also send samples of my Telegraph with Telephone to Mr. Clark, of Studley Royal, Ripon, also to Mr. Keetley, of Darley Abbey, Derby, as both of those gentlemen stand high in kitchen garden culture ; they will, no doubt, kindly grow them, and report upon them. I beg to inform Mr. McDonald and Mr. Iggulden that I did not send my Telegraph Pea for trial to the Royal Horticultural Society. I have a great pleasure in watching my seedling Peas after they have been carefully hybridised, as they grow into flower and pod. I have grown many hundreds of seedlings, many of them really good sorts, but I never keep any unless they promise to be very large in the pod. I have every kind of cross that I thought likely put into the Monster Pea, which I showed at Bishop Auckland last August, and men- tioned in your columns the first week in September. Although I have grown this great number I have only as yet put three before the pubUc — the one in question, the others are Culverwell's Prolific Marrow and Sharpe's Invincible — and I think they are fair speci- mens of what Peas ought to be. My Prolific Marrow has been before the public some years, and is very largely grown at Middlesborough and Stockton-on- Tees by market gardeners on account of the con- tinuous heavy crop of large Peas it bears, and the high price it brings in the summer when other sorts can hardly be sold. This information I got from several persons : one in particular was Mr. Nicholson, whom I met at one of the shows last autumn. He is a great grower. To use his own words, he said the people were fit to rive him to pieces for Prolific Marrow, at 2s. per peck, while others were selling for less than \s. You will see by this that my selections in those I have chosen have been appreciated. William Culvenvell, Thorpe Pcnmc: I think the discussion of the identity of these two Peas for the present would have been better left to Mr. Culverwell and Messrs. Carter until growers could have tested them side by side for themselves ; they would then have been in a position to have given reliable information, as comparison in ripe seed is no real test. An example of this may be found in care- fully examining the new Pea sent out by Messrs. Veitch — Marvel ; this has wrinkled and non-wrinkled seed. Separate the wrinkled seed from the non- wrinkled and in appearance you have two distinct Peas ; sow them side by side and they will prove undoubtedly one and the same. So it may be with Telegraph and Telephone, as Culverwell's Telegraph, as I saw it grown by the raiser and in sainples sent by him for trial, like Marvel, had them both wrinkled and non-wrinkled seed, and when separated formed in appearance two distinct varieties — the wrinkled exactly corresponding in appearance with the so-named Telephone, the non or slightly wrinkled with that supplied by Messrs. Carter as Telegraph. Messrs. Carter, in advertising Telephone, state that it is selected from Telegraph, in which they mention it differs in the seed being wrinkled and of superior quality. Now the sample of Telegraph sent to me by the raiser contained wrinkled seed exactly like Tele- phone, therefore, as I have not yet been able to test the quality of Telephone, I think I may be pardoned for thinking the two varieties will prove to be one. Thomas Kcctky, The Ganlens, Darley .-ibhcy, Derby. History of the Schoolmaster Potato. — Mr. Edward Bennett, in his history of Schoolmaster Potato (p. 148), claims to have been its nurse, which claim I willingly .allow, and also publicly acknowledge my indebtedness for the care with which he performed the duties of that oftice. But in .alleging that I informed him "that the seed had been sent me by a friend, and that it was of no use to me," he is quite mistaken. The facts are these. In 1S69 I obtained the seed by fertilising a flower of American Early Rose with pollen from Pater- son's Victoria (therefore it was no fluke), and, warned by previous failures through not having heat in which to start the seed, I obtained the con- sent of Lord Stamford to have it sown in Knville Gardens. This sowing Mr. Edward Bennett did for me, and we agreed to labour together in the cultiva- tion of the seedlings. It would lie a difficult matter for me to prove to a stranger that this particular lot of seed was obtained by hybridisation, but happily I have many friends in this neighbourhood who can testify to my having been a daljbler in hybridising, and also a successful amateur gardener and exhibitor, for many years before Mr. Edward Bennett's advent at Enville. This assertion the Earl of Stamford and Warrington has kindly oftered to substantiate to any one who will write to him. I next take exception to Mr. Bennett's saying the name Schoolmaster was given by us to the bright crimson- l.ike seedling. He proposed to call that particular seedling Bennett's Lake, but the name Schoolmaster was never mentioned between us. It was a happy inspiration which only occurred to my mind after I had staged the seedlings at the first Alex.indra Palace Show. Again, the seedlings were never planted on "the slip," nor handed over to Mr. Green, and no doubt Mr. Green can say what those particular Potatos were which he was "requested " to give to me. I might add more, but I think I have said enough to prove that I am, as I always signed myself, the raiser of Schoolmaster Potato, and so I leave the matter in the hands of the public to judge between me and my J namesake. As Messrs. Webb's name was mentioned | in Mr. Edward Bennett's history, I think it but justice to that firm to say I know their stock of Schoolmaster to be true, though not at present "Improved." Eihidn Bennett, The Hchool-housc, Enville. [Both sides having "h.ad their say," wc must leave our readers to draw their own conclusions from the statements made, as we cannot pretend to decide between the contending parties nor allow space for a continuance of the discussion. Eds.] Cattleya Skinneri. — I have now at hand an inflorescence of this, forming a dense corymb of thirteen flowers, nearly intermediate between those of the very best varieties and those of the var. par- viflora, Lindl. (see Botanical A/aj^azine, tab. 4916 — Cattleya Dickeri, Klotzsch). The plant is said to require more heat than the common one, and to flower always at this season, while the genuine one usually flowers later at this place. Regarded with florists' eyes it is decidedly inferior to the best varieties, which boast much larger flowers and a dark border around the lip, and I believe that on& requires a rather cool temperature, and often flowers later with us. Yet it seems that even in its natal locality it flowers through at least two months. Its flowering in January is not surprising. It is called " Flor de San Seb.asti.in " in Guatemala, owing to its flowering on the d.ay of St. Sebastian, January 20, aocrding to the l*nented G. Ure Skinner. The majority of the labels of wild specimens in my collec- tion give no date, in the usual careless manner ; yet Warscewicz gives January for Costa Rica and Vera- guas, and Veraguasis the connecting link for the most southern stations of Venezuela. Wendland, with his habitual .accuracy, indicated January 26 at Guatemala, so that he came very near to the day of San Sebastkan. Lately Dr. Gustav Bernoulli indicated February as the time of flowering for Costa de Guatemala, and gave me the name " Flor de Candelaria." It would be very desirable to know how far Orchids introduced from various altitudes or various spots keep or change their time of flowering with us under different treatment. I am afraid very often they do not keep their anniversary for flowering, doing it etirlier, and this might be a hint that Orchids have not so much rest as they want. It is also known that by a sudden change of temperature one may some- times hasten the flowering by weeks. The moral of this for those who hope to flower an Orchid the first time, is to keep the fact a secret, so that the natural pleasure of Englishmen for racing may not induce them to run the risk of losing the same flowers by trying to flower them earlier than their neighbours. The actually quoted variety flowered at Tredrea, in the garden of Captain Clark, under the well-known able man.igement of Mr. J. Murton, I obtained it through the kindness of Messrs. Veitch. J/. G. liehb.f. Wiring Garden Walls. — I notice that a corre- spondent says that although my plan of wiring garden walls is undoubtedly superior to the ordinary way, he thinks it entails too much labour in fixing to be adopted gener.ally. Except the tying where the wires cross, I have with two handy men com- pleted a stretch of 50 feet long by 10 feet wide under two days, but if it were to take double or treble the time the work pays well in the end, and there is alw.ays a feeling of satisfaction in having such perma- nent jobs, when they are about, carried out in a perfect manner. F'resh hands may not be quite so quick at starting, but they soon gel in the way with a little help and proper direction into the mode of setting about it, and when once a beginning is made the whole thing is very simple, requiring no more skill than threading and straining so many strings. All there is in it is to get the wires perfectly tight, that the trellis when finished may be rigid, and this may be managed by the use of a strong pair of round pliers to get a grip and proper leverage near the end of e.ach w-ire. We did this by putting a piece of thin flat iron about 3 inches wide against the stud, and with the aid of this a tremendous strain could be brought to bear, suflicient, in fact, to make each wire almost as tight as the strings of a harp. Unless for training such trees as Pears, Cherries, and Plums, for which horizontal wires 6 inches apart do very well, I should not now think of putting up any other trellis than that already described, as it just meets the l^EBRUARY 8, 1879.] The GAkbEN^kS" CHkONiCLR. 181 reqiiiicmenti of Teaches, Nectarines, and Apricots, that annually make fresh wood to lay in for fruit- bearing. J. Shcppavd. How to Destroy Ants. — I should like to make your readers acquainted witli a simple and easy method of exterminating ants, which I have found extremely effectual. The modus operandi is to get a few small phials half filled with olive oil, into which the ants will go like wasps in a beer bottle, and where ants are abundant the phials will be found quite full every morning. Janus Simpson^ Dalhousie Nuyscr\\ Broughfy Ferry. [An equally good plan is to sink saucers, half full of oil, level wih the soil. Eds.] Vicar of Winkfield Pear. — I have noticed the diflerence in colour and quality of the Vicar that Mr. Fish alludes to, but more generally in the fruit from trees on the (Juince tlian in that from trees on the Pear stock. The fruit from trees on the Quince are much smaller than those from trees on the Pear stock, and generally show a brownish cheek marked with small brown spots. The fruit last year was not much larger than Louise Bonne of Jersey, and may at a superficial glance be easily_ taken for that kind. The fruit from trees on the Pear stock is generally large and fine, the skin fair and smooth, and of a pale yellow. It is always a first-rate baking Pear, occasionally a second-rate eating Pear, and sometimes \'ery good. The tree grows freely, and from its great productive- ness, hardiness, and fine size, is deserving a place in the garden. With us it keeps until January and some- times late into February. We had a fair crop last year of Pears of some kinds, some of them of good flavour, but others very deficient in flavour. M. Saul, Stoiirton. Is there a Vicar of Wingfield Pear as well as a Vicar of Winkfield Pear, as I observe recent mention of a Pear under the former name by Messrs. .Saul and Fish, cS:c. ? In the p^niit Manual I find evidently the same Pear described by Dr. Hogg as the Vicar of Winkfield, and I had always imagined that it was named after a former vicar of the parish of Winkfield near Ascot. As it ni.ay lead to the inference that another Pear is meant it is well that the matter should be cleared up. D. [We can clear up the matter at once by stating that " Wingfield " was a misprint for "Winkfield" — the Vicar of Winkfield being the Pear alluded to by Messrs. .Saul and Fish. While the merits of the Pear in question are under notice, it may interest "D." and perhaps others to know its history as given by the late Mr. Robert Thompson in our volume for 1S43 : — -"It was found growing wild in a wood by M. Clion, a French curate, anil hence obtained the name of Monsieur le Cure. .Sub- seqeuntly by French authors is was erroneously made synonymous with the Saint Lezin, which it resembles only in external appearance, the Saint Lezin being a firm-fleshed stewing Pear. Trees under both names were obtained from France by the [Royal] Horticultural Society ; the Saint Lezin was correct, but that under the name of Monsieur le Cure proved false, being a small round Pear. The diflerence between the two was in consequence not ascertained till 1832, when M. Vilmorm sent specimens on purpose. With these, fruit from a tree then in bearing in the Society's garden, under the name of Dumas, was found to agree. In the me.antime a tree of the sort in question h.ad been imported from France by the Rev. W. L. Rhani, to his garden at Winkfield, Perkshire ; and some cul- tivators having obtained cuttings from this importa- tion, the variety was propagated in the neighbourhood of London under the name of Vicar of Winkfield. For this, the familiar appellation of Vicar of Wakefield has been sometimes substituted." Eds.] Bees in the Peach-Houses. — Mr. Miller's plan of taking a hive of bees into his Peach-houses to pro- mote fertilisation may be, so far as the trees are concerned, a good one, and productive of the best results, but how does it fare with the bees ? — are they benefited by this premature forcing into work, especially dunng a dull, cold season ? That tlic result to the bees may be to the gardener of less moment than the benefit that may accrue to his fruit crops I can well understand, but the benefit or other- wise to the bees should of course be an element in the case. Is it probable that enough honey can be obtained for the maintenance of a stock of bees from the blossoiTis of one Peach-house? I think it is most improbable, as the counterfeit spring incites all the little denizens into action, and the production of young brood is increased. If enough food to supply these cannot be had in the house (and of course the bees cannot and must not go outside), then they will seek the satisfaction of their remaining needs on the winter stock of honey which, if they had not been excited out of the comparative torpidity into which they have fallen, would probably have remained untouched until genuine spring weather and spring flowers enticed them forth. Then the forcing of Peach-houses cannot go on for ever, and therefore when the hive is again placed in the open air the poor insects will be at a grave disad\anlage should some cold, keen weather come. I am urging these points entirely from an apiarian point of view, and not .as it may affect the fertilisation of the trees — a question th.at hardly admits of doubt ; still the little bees should be considered in this matter, .and I in- vite consideration for them if it be shown that under the plan adopted by Mr. Miller they are the sufferers. Apiarian. Tomtits and Sparrows. — Whether tomtits eat fruit-buds or not I am not in a position to state, but that they will destroy them wholesale, either in search of insects or out of sheer mischief I am quite certain, from having on many occasions stood and watched them at the work, and witnessing at the same time the excavation they had made by removing the centre. It was only last spring that I lost a crop of late Peaches through them, for during the bad weather, when there was a deal of snow on the ground, I found two or three of the smaller kind, as I thought, taking shelter under a wide glass coping, from which canvass screens were let down at night ; but instead of being there for that purpose, they had a different object in view, and were in search of food, at which they must have worked hard, for they re- moved the pistil and most of the anthers from every one of the flowers. On a close examination of these I found that many of them contained very small aphides, a discovery these birds had made before mc ; but if they always conduct their foraging expeditions in the manner they did on the occasion mentioned, it will be necessary to have a very strict eye on their movements. The wren is quite a gardener's friend, and understands its business better, for although it will search buds diligently, I have never known it do the least harm. No doubt this case of the tomtits and the Peaches was an exceptional one, and arose in a great measure through the slow way in which the blossoms unfolded, which the birds in their hunger could not wait for, and therefore, to get what they wanted, they removed obstacles out of the way. The "tit" is a plucky little fellow, and exercises his ingenuity to get a living in a variety of ways, but if he would only keep to straightforward courses, and leave buds, green Peas, and ripe Pears alone, he would be much more welcome in gardens. As to house .sparrows, they are becoming a perfect plague, and I am of opinion that as regards the destruction of insects, they are the most worthless birds in existence, for instead of searching for them, they are alw.ays loafing about farm premises and the residences of man or beast to get what they can in an easy indolent manner. Grains of corn that have passed the stomachs of horses, or any they can rob from their manger or stacks are sweet to them ; but the mischief they do in summer, when they take more to the fields, is something incalculable. To vary their diet they eat buds wholesale, of which fact I have the evidence of my own eyes ; but not having made a post-inortcn examination, it may be said by the friends of these birds that I am mistaken, as was the clever young doctor who, because his senior happened to make a hit by taxing his patient with eating oysters, after he noticed some shells partly hidden, ventured on the same course when he saw part of a saddle projecting from under the bed, by asserting the man had swallowed a horse. This was jumping at con- clusions ; but I did not arrive at mine in the same way, for although I have repeatedly seen the remains of Ijuds on the ground after the sparrows had left the bushes, I have likewise witnessed these feathered depredators engaged at the feast, and in matters of this kind my optics are too good to lead me astr.ay. 7'. .Shcppard. As Mr. Grieve appears to entertain doubts as to the bud-destroying propensity of the " tits," I m.ay remark that some years ago I took charge of a comparatively new place, where we planted a considerable number of choice young fruit trees. In due time a few buds on most of the Pears pre- sented themselves, but they soon disappeared. On watching we found the "tits" were the marauders; under our very noses they picked out the centre of the buds, and simply left the refuse behind them. A war of extermination began, and in the midst of hostilities an enthusiastic ornithologist assured me that it was impossible for "tits" to swallow fruit-buds, but that insects were their natural food. Doubting his plead- ing, we examined the crops of those we next shot, and in several found buds in plenty. I have not troubled to examine any here, but have seen enough of their handiwork among the Pears, Cherries, and Gooseberries. They are lively and bold at their work, caring little for the report of a gun. The bullfinches, on the contrary, are stealthy, and where they " take" are even more destructive than the "tits." Their favourite haunts, are, as "J. S." remarks, among the Prunus tribe generally, and when they do " take " to the Gooseberry quarter they make short work with it. In the past year or two those gentry have carried their depredations tothe black Currants, for which they appear to have a special liking late in the season : fortunately they are few in number, and a timely shot or two will soon send them to the "right-about." 7. 7. B. The Disease in Verbenas. — In regard to the difficulty with Verbenas mentioned by "Wiltshire" last week, I imagine his case is by no means an ex- ceptional one. Judging from the condition in which one sees Verbenas in many places, and large ones too, one cannot avoid the conclusion that his experience is similar to that of many others. For, although the Verliena will not work in very well for carpet-bedding, I am sure it is very far from becoming unpopular, so that its absence from many gardens may be safely set down to some such difticulty as the one in question. Unless good healthy cuttings are to be obtained in autumn, failure is inevitable. The miserable bits called cuttings that are often put thickly into store pots linger for a time, their numbers growing small by degrees and beautifully less, until when the spring propagating time arrives the survivors are not only few and far lictween but are individually so stunted and wretched that it is simply impossible to work up a good stock by planting-out time, and if \"erbenas were required to play an important part in the bedding arrangements much dis.appointmcnt and vexation must result. I was myself sadly Irathered years ago, but you will see by the accompanying specimens that we are more fortunate now. I know that many thous.ands of plants are annually lost for want of a little prompt attention in the matters of mildew and greenfly, the fumigator and the sulphur distributor are resorted to very often when it is really too late, but this I feel sure is not the case with those of your correspondent and many others ; their difticulty is a very subtle and perplexing disease. Now I think the best thing to do in such a case is to clear them right out and throw them away, or rather burn them, and if healthy cuttings are not to be h.ad, just get a packet of seed, sow in heat next month, and prick off into boxes when the seedlings are large enough. This will furnish a batch of nice healthy plants, which if planted out in good rich soil will give satisfaction this summer and a grand supply of good clean cuttings in autumn. If separate colours are desired it will be a very simple matter to select and separate them when taking the cuttings, and there is always the chance of raising something new or some improvement on old varieties. According to my experience those who try this plan will not be troubled about their Verbenas for some years. G. DnJ/icld, Winchinorc Hill. [A strong, cle.an, and healthy sample. Eds.] I have found the same difficulty as " Wilt- shire " in keeping Verbenas in a healthy state through the winter months. F'or the last seven or eight years, after I have rooted the cuttings in the autumn they have been perfectly healthy, but very soon a dark spot has come into the leaf, and gradually spread over the whole of the plants. I am fully convinced it is not the work of an insect, but the question is how to get rid of it. I think I m.ay be able to help " Wiltshire " a little from my own experience. In the first place they require a good turfy lo.am, with a little thoroughly decayed manure and a good sprinkling of sand, and must not be too much crowded in the cutting-pots. Then a suitable place to winter them must be found. For some years past I have kept them in a Peach- house near the glass, where I use very little artificial heat and plenty of fresh air except in very severe frosts, and yet I could not get rid of the spot. This winter I have kept them in a warmer house on a shelf over the hot-water pipes, and the result is very satis- factory. The plants are healthy, free from spot, and show plenty of cuttings for the spring, which I always lind do better than the plants rooted in autumn, and the less they are crowded in the summer the more healthy will be the cuttings in the autumn. How seldom we see a good collection of Verbenas at our local exhibitions ? Perhaps the Phlox Drummondii is taking their place, but as I have been a successful exhibitor for the last ten years I shall still grow them for that purpose. 0. Orpct, Cirencester. Cocoa-nut Husks. — In addition to the many uses to which the fruit of the Cocoa-nut Palm has been put, there is another which, perhaps, may be of horti- cultural interest. A short time since we saw the severed husks used extensively for growing Orchids, Bromeliads, and Stag's-horn T'erns and such-like epiphytes. The husks were simply cut into halves, and the requisite compost placed in the hollow part, and the plant attached to it by means of fine copper wire, and judging by the specimens growing in them, they appear to thrive better under such treatment than by the usual mode of attaching them to wood, cork, &c. The reason is obvious, .as the porous nature of the husk enables it to retain the necessarymoisture required by the roots, whilst it is yet firm enough for the roots to revel among its fibres. And they are, more- over, very durable, lasting in good condition for a very long period. W^. G. Winter Dressing Peaches and Vines. — Of all the operations in forcing-houses during the winter months this is the most tedious, and with trees that have been free from insect pests the previous summer, the most useless. To coat a healthy tree over with a 1 82 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. tPEIlRVARV 8, 1879. mixtuie of clay is equivalent to placing it in darkness ; and what would be thought of a gardener who had the courage to mat his fruit-houses up till the buds burst, and thus save a little firing? I fancy there would be some "knowing ones " ready to predict all sorts of disasters from such a practice, while it would be very similar in effect to covering the trees with a coating of clay that would take two to three months' syringing to remove. The finest and best-swelled Vine-rods I ever knew were never scraped — they were treated in winter in the following manner : the rods were first scrubbed with a mixture of soft-soap and hot water made to lather, after which a flannel soaked in a thick mixture of sulphur was pressed into the crevices of the bark. These Vines were under the charge of one man for thirty-five years, and red-spider and other pests were almost unknown on them ; but their freedom from insects was never attributed to the winter dressing they received, though the fumes of sulphur rising from them doubtless had some effect in keeping red-spider at a dis- tance. The secret of keeping fruit-houses free from spider and thrips is in moderate tempe- ratures, and uniformly moistened borders, and keeping the atmosphere at all times in motion. This was the summer treatment to which the Vines noticed above were subjected, and the houses were seldom damped down in warm weather before 6 o'clock in the evening, and the back ventilators were never quite closed. In substance of foliage, in size of berry, in colour and in flavour, I have rarely seen these Grapes surpassed. To shut a fruit-house up in summer at 3 or 4 o'clock in the afternoon with the thermometer outside in the shade standing at 70° to 80°, is the way to get flimsy foliage and attenuated growth, which insects are not slow in finding out ; far better allow the pure invigorating air to play about the foliage till 6 o'clock in the evening, when the house should be nearly closed, and every part of it well damped, and the damping should be repeated again at nine in the evening. This system is far more in accord with Nature than the prevailing one of closing houses early in the afternoon. Many of the puny, contracted Vines to be met with in this country, which never seem to put on a new layer of wood every year, but regularly get one taken off' them at the winter dressing, fail from this cause to swell satisfac- torily. In dressing Peaches the less done the better, as it is difficult to do much with a brush on the I'ruit- ing wood of a Peach tree without disturbing the buds. In cleaning Figs a soft brush should be used, as the young fruits are tender and easily scratched. J. Robcrls^ Ginincrsbury J\irk. It was not my intention to refer again to this subject, but seeing that your correspondent " F. S." says "that the winter-dressing of Peaches and Vines is, under certain circumstances, beneficial, there can- not be the least doubt," I am induced to ask under what circumstances is it beneficial ? Perhaps " F. S." means that dressing with a mixture of clay, &c., is necessary only when there are insects on the bark. If so I would certainly recommend washing with a little soft-soap or Gishurst Compound dissolved in the water in preference to any smothering process, believing that washing the branches is more healthy for the trees and will assist the buds to swell, while laying on a coating of clay retards the progress of the buds. "J. S." says, " I do not consider that a dress- ing impedes the progress of Vine or Peach buds." Here I think we have the key to the present discus- sion. As this is the point I hold to be of importance, I think that, as a rule, in the case of Peaches under glass, after being dressed, the buds will make very little progress until the mixture has been washed off by syringing the trees repeatedly. IV. II. Unprotected Vine Borders. — I have an early house with the roots entirely confined to the outside border, which I used to cover with leaves and manure, and then thatch it, and always had very good crops from the Vines. Seeing so much in the gardening papers to the effect that protection was not necessary, my master desired me, last winter, to leave the border unprotected, and the following crop of Grapes was a fair one, no great difference being noticed. This winter the border has been fully exposed to all the severe weather, but, I fear, with anything but good results. The Vines broke badl)', the shoots being very weak and of a very bad colour ; they move very slowly, and the show of bunches is very much below the average, most decidedly convincing me that pro- tection of the roots is by far the best plan. I hope those who advocate non-protection have fared very much better. G. IV., AMc-rs/wt. [It has been a bad time for Vines in protected borders, as well as in un- protected ones. Eds.] Tanks f. Pipes. — -Have any of your readers ever tried tanks, instead of pipes, for heating vineries, stoves, &c. ? As far as my experience goes, I think tanks, as constructed here, are far superior to pipes. In the first place they get hot much quicker ; secondly, containing a larger body of water they keep hot much longer ; and, thirdly, by having a steaming tray over their entire surface they are more beneficial to plants. I may slate that during the severe weather we have had lately I have had no trouble in keeping up the supply of heat in the forcing-houses, and that without touching the fires later than 10 p.m. The tanks arc made of galvanised plates one-eighth of .an inch thick, well riveted together ; the flow and return arc worked just the same as with pipes, and if well put together they will last equally .as long. To give an idea of the time it lakes to heat them I may state that our largest is 31 feet long, 20 inches wide, and i5 inches deep, with a tray on the top I inch deep. It has a 2-inch flow and return pipe, and with a good fir« and the heat fully turned on it will be so hot in one hour that you cannot bear your hand on it, and will be far from cold in twelve hours. Altogether it is the most efficient apparatus I have ever had to work. IV. IVanUe, Harts Hall, East Grinslcad. [The tank system of heating was the stock subject of discussion at the time this journal was founded, in 1841, and the/r« and lons of the system were thoroughly discussed in our earlier volumes, with the result that the system of heating by hot-water pipes held its ground, and the tank system, as we had thought, had become universally discarded. FDS.j Champion Potato. — I am surrounded on all sides by hundreds of acres of this variety, and its cultiva- tion is increasing every season at a marvellous rate. The Rocks and Regents are being discarded for it ; the latter was so b.adly diseased last year as to be scarcely worth taking up, whereas the Champion was hardly effected, and one very large cultivator assured me he firmly believed that he had one field of this variety that would yield 14 tons per acre. It is a very strong grower even in ordinary soil, and if planted in too rich a soil it is sure to come as G. F. McBeth describes. As a field Potato, and for poor moderately cultivated land it is invaluable, as its crops are enormous, and it is just the kind for newly broken healthy ground, where it comes of a better quality ; it is apparently the best kind that can be planted in such places, particularly in a dry or a wet season, when the disease is prevalent, as it seems to resist the two extremes in a most remarkable manner. Its sure cropping qualities make it so generally liked in Kent. //. Caiiiicll, .Sivanky. Mr. McBeth's criticisms upon the Champion Potato are perfectly justifiable. It was grown in several of the market gardens in West Middlesex during the past season, and the sample when lifted, was in no respect or in crop better than that of the old Scotch Rock ; it was terribly uneven and ugly, and would fetch but the lowest price in the market. It is very late indeed, the haulm growth enormous and spreading, and is liable to disease as badly as any other late kind. I am sure that Magnum Bonum, as a late field kind, is worth a score of Champions, and our market growers think the same. A. D. Primulas. — I have read Mr. Clew's description of his Primula flowers with much interest. They must certainly be very fine, and prove that he well under- stands the culture of these beautiful winter flowers ; at the same time I should say that there is nothing extraordinary or unusual in the size of the flowers. I have at the present time about 100 plants in 6, 7, and S-inch pots, which promise to be very good. I mea- sured some flowers this evening both of alba and rubra, and find them to be exactly 2 inches in diameter, finely fringed and beautiful in colour ; these are from Mr. B. S. Williams' strain; but there are many other strains supplied by our best seedsmen which will produce such flowers as these if properly treated. The method I adopt is very simple : — I well dram 6-inch pots, and fill them to within I inch of their tops with soil consisting of one part loam, one part leaf-mould and silver-sand ; the pots are well watered with a fine rose, the seed is thinly sown, and just covered with silver-sand. A piece of glass is placed on the top of each pot, and they are then pkaced in the plant-stove on a shelf near the glass, and kept constantly moist and shaded from the sun in the middle of the day. As soon as the seedlings are ready they are pricked into pans an inch or so apart, and from these are transferred into 4-inch pots. As soon as the roots reach the sides of the pots they are shifted to the flowering-pots, which are 6, 7, and S-inch. The soil used is one part loam, one part leaf-mould, well rotted manure, silver-sand, wood-charcoal, and a little bone-dust. The plants are then placed in a warm pit near the glass, and watered carefully, as well as sprinkled once-a-day with a fine rose in bright weather. The plants arc at all times allowed plenty of room, to prevent a spindling growth. By this treatment we have nice plants, well furnished, and from I to 2 feet across. The time I like for sowing is March, April, and May, as this gives a long succession of bloom. G. Ellis, The Gardens, DeiKcll, Bowdcn. [Fine flowers, of an excellent strain, of which, as you say, there are many now grown ; in fact, no one need have bad Primulas if he has the proper conditions for growing them at his command. Ens.] Ash Disease. — In part vi. ol the Jouvnal of tjic Ro\ial Horticultural Society, lately published, is a " Note on a Disease of the Ash " (accompanied by some excellent illustrations), by Mr. W. Wilson Saunders, in which he alludes to having only observed it on two trees in the neighbourhood of Torquay. It may be of some little interest to mention that it is not uncommon in the neighbourhood of Chepstow, Mon- mouthshire. Not having been resident there for a few years I do not know if the trees are still standing, but in 1872 a small plantation of Ash trees planted in ground which was generally damp and occasionally flooded, was much affected by it some little way up the stems, as was also a single tree growing on the cliffs at .Sedbury Park (.about two miles from Chep- stow), at a spot where it was exposed to the full force of the winds up and down the Severn, and which very probably had its roots injured by springs of water in the cliff soddening the ground round it. Of this stunted tree there is a small sketch in case cxi. in the collection of economic entomology at Bethnal Green, taken in 1872. The late Mr. Andrew Murray was desirous of fully investigating the cause of the un- healthy growths, and at his request I furnished him with a large number of specimens from .Sedbury, but, as in the case of Mr. Wilson Saunders' investigations, he could not find any reason to suppose that the dis- ease which he mentions on the case as " Ash disease, called snail-bite in the south of Scotland," arose from insect injury. 0. [The disease is very general. Eds.] jforetcfit Corrcspankiite. Sydney, N. S. Wales : Decc>iil>cr 14, 187S. — I wish that many of your readers could share with us the pleasure of a stroll in our Botanical Gardens, which are at all times most lovely, and just now wonder- fully so. They are situated in one of the beautiful bays of the unapproachably beautiful Port Jackson, Farm Cove, in which several fine men-of-war are now at anchor. They are laid out on a gentle and varied slope ; the walks are well made and well kept, the lawns are close-mown, and as smooth as a carpet ; here and there are massive bits of natural rockwork, adorned with large specimens of Dendro- bium speciosum, Platycerium alcicorne, and P. grande, whilst luxuriant species of Cereus, Epiphyl- lum, and other Cactaceous plants scramble over them and the adjoining trees. On the margins of the lakes and in the sh.ady dells are graceful Tree Ferns, Weeping Willows, and feathery Bamboos, 20 feet to 30 feet high. About the grounds are magnificent specimens of native and tropical trees ; Castenosper- mum australe, several species of SterculiaceK, a pink Hibiscus, &c., are now in flower. Small trees oi Poinseltia pulcherrima are shooting most vigorously, after being cut back. In the winter they are all ablaze with the most dazzlingly scarlet bracts ; and those who have not seen these scarlet trees can form no conception of their brilliancy. The most gorgeous objects at this present time are grand shrubs of Hibis- cus Camdeni, covered with very large semi-transpa- rent flowers, of an indescrib.ably brilliant scarlet colour, whilst j^rofusely flowering bushes of double Pomegranates form a beautiful accompaniment. Euphorbia splendens is a lower-growing shrub, but equally brilliant. Pleroma heteromalla, Ilabrothain- nus elegans, Allamanda neriifolia, Tecoma velutina, &c., Bignonias, Gardenia florida, &c., Eranciscea latifolia, &.C., Erythrina, Bouvardias, Lantanas, Russelliajuncea, interspersed with Roses, ^"erben.^s, large bushes of double scarlet and pink Pelargoniums, Zinnias, Petunias, Dahlias, Chrysanthemums, all laden with flowers, render the borders wonderfully gay. Bulbs flourish to perfection ; the spikes of Gladioli are very fine ; Dietes, Iris, Crinum, Zephy- ranthus, Ismene, all of various species, are profusely flowering, as is also the very graceful and lovely Sparaxis pulcherrima ; Alpinia nutans, with its fine heads of curious flowers, is quite a weed on the margins of the lakes. Cymbi- dium iridifolium is thickly flowering alongside of Dendrobium speciosum on rockwork fully exposed to the sun. Luxuriant plants of different species of Strelitzia, Canna, Yucca, Aloe (with their lofty flower-stems), Opuntia, Cereus, and various P.alms, Draca;nas, Bananas, &c., add to the tropical aspect of the lovely scene. A very striking creeper is Ipomcca Learii, which is now one mass of rich pur- plish blue flowers : the Everlasting Pea is also a fine object here, ^^'e have had some bountiful rain lately, with a temperature of 70° to 80° ; so it is no wonder that vegetation is so luxuriant. In June and July we had some cold nights, with occasional hoar-frost, yet Poinsettia pulcherrima. Euphorbia splendens, &c., were in full flower. Boiiglitoii Kingdoii. February S, 1S79.3 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 183 CIjc '(LcLlcaibcr. STA TE OF THE U'EA THER A T BLACKHEA TH. LONDOiV , For thf. Week ending Wednesday, Feb. 5, i8;g. Temperature of THE Air. Hygrome- trical De- ductions from Gtaisher's Tables 6th Edition rt-ox ., 4J t. : a V a z taa' si ^'^ 3 2" Jan. 30 31 Feb. 30.12 30.07 29.83 39.59 29-45 29.82 29.63 + 0-35 + 0.30 + 0.06 - ^ o j; > COS ?, "" 3 . 3I-52S-3 — o 18 37'.s 30 5 — o.3i'37.2'32.s I + 0.05 34.8.29.4 — 0.1139.8 29.79 I + 0.02 3S.2'2g.2 3031.5 — 6.Q28.91 88. i = I ' '• 4.230.5— 8.024.7 77- 6I.228.3 7.034.0— 4.7133.5; ,1, 4-734.S 5.4'32.4 81 9S{ — 4=,34." 9= 6.530.61 931 E.S.E. : E.N.E. E. : E.S.E. o.oi lo.co S.E. [0.07 E. : I E.S.E. ""J E.N.E. lo.29 E.N.E. i°-'^ 11.733.3— 5.730.7, 90 f S.S.E.I: I S.S.W. 6.0^32 I; — 6.629.4I Jan. 30. — Overcast, dull and cold. Granular snow fell occasionally. — 31. — Overcast, dull, very cold. Dry and frosty. Feb. I.— A dull cloudy cold day. Frozen rain fell at night. — 2. — Overcast, dull diy. Milder. A thaw. Thin rain fell after r P.M. — 3 — Overcast throughout. Milder till evening. Tempe- rature decreased after 8 p. i\t. Frozen rain lell at 3 P.M., and snow fell after 9 P.M. — 4. — Overcast, a miserable day. Snow fell in early morning. A cold thaw. Very sloppy under foot. — 5. — A dull overcast day. Cold and miserable. Temperature increased towards midnight. Temperature of the air at 9 A.M. on 6th was 45^.3, and the snow which had been on the ground since January 18 (or nineteen days) disappeared. Note, — The mean temperature of the air for the thirty-six days (Jan. t — Feb. 5) was 31'. 6, being 5°.7 below the average of sixty years. London : Barometer. — During the week ending .Saturday, February i, in the vicinity of London the reading of the baroiueter at the level of the sea in- creased from 30.09 inches at the beginning of the week to 30.44 inches by the evening of January 27, decreased to 30.27 inches by the evening of the 2Sth, remained nearly stationary at this reading till the afternoon of the 29th, increased to 30.32 inches by the morning of January 31, and decreased to 29.94 inches by the end of the week. The mean daily readings were above their averages on every day in the week. The mean reading for the week at sea level was 30.26 inches, being 0.31 inch above the average, and 0.17 inch above that of the preceding week. Tent fcrat lire. — The highest temperatures of the air observed by day varied from 34^° on January 27, to 31 J on February I ; the mean value for the week was 334°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night varied from 25^° on February 1, to 31^° on January 27 ; the mean value for the week was 29°. The mean daily range of temperature in the week was \\°, the greatest range in the day being 6]° on February I, and the least 3° on Jan. 30. The mean daily temperatures of the air and the departures from their respective averages were as follows: — Jan. 26th, 32°.6, — 5°.3; 27th, 33°, — 5^1 ; 28th, 30°. 9, — 7°.4 ; 29th, 3I°.2 — 7°.i ; 30th, 3I°.5, — 6°.9; 31st, 3o°.s, — 8°; Feb. ist, 28^.3, — I0°.3. The mean temperature of the air for the week was 31'.!, being 7'.2 below the average of observations extending over a period of sixty years. The highest readings of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo, placed in sun's rays, were 41° on January 27, and 40° on February I ; on other days, the readings did not rise above 37°. The lowest readings of a thermometer on grass, with its bulb exposed to the sky, were 224° on February i, and 25!° on January 29 ; the mean value for the week was 27^°. Wind. — The direction of the wind was E.N.E. and X.E., and its strength gentle. The weather during the week was dull and very cold ; the sky was almost overcast throughout. Siimo fell on January 30 and February i, and frozen rain fell on February i. Rain. — The amount of rain and melted snow measured during the week was 0.08 inch. England: Temperature. — During the week ending Saturday, February i, the highest temperatures of the air observed by day were 45° at Truro, 39^° at Plymouth, and 37° at Sunderland ; the highest tem- perature of the air at Bradford was 33.;°, and at .Shetlicld was 345° ; the mean value from all stations was 364°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night were 21° at .Sunderland, 22° at laradford, 25° at Leeds, and 25!° at Blackheath ; the lowest temperature of the air at Truro was 30", and at Plymouth was 29?,° ; the mean from all places was 27°. The extreme range of temperature in the week was the greatest at .Sunderland, 16', and the least at Cambridge, 6|° ; the mean range of temperature from all stations was 95°. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was the highest at Truro, 39', Plymouth 36^°, and Hull and Sunderland, both 35°, and the lowest at Wolver- hampton and Bradford, both 324°, and at Sheffield, 33° ; the mean from all jilaces was 34i". The mean of the seven low night temperatures was the lowest at Bradford, 26", Wolverhampton and Sunderland, both 28°, and Blackheath and Liverpool, both 29°, and the highest at Truro, 32|°, and Plymouth, 31^-° ; the mean from all stations was 294°. The mean daily range of temperature in the week was the least at' Cambridge and Sheffield, both 3.;', and the greatest at Sunderland, 7° ; the mean daily range from all places was 4^°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all stations was 3i|°, lieing 44° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 187S. The mean tem- perature of the air was the highest at Truro, 35,)°, and Plymouth, 34° ; and the lowest at Brailford, 29°, and '\^'olverhampton, 30°. Rain or snow was measured at Truro to the depth of 1. 41 inch ; at all other places the amounts varied from 0.02 inch to 0.40 inch ; the average fall over the country was 0.20 inch. The weather during the week was overcast, dull, and cold, with slight falls of snoiu and hail. Scotland : Temperature. — During the week ending Saturday, February I, the highest tempera- tures of the air varied from 42° at Leith to 385° at Aberdeen ; the mean from all places was 40°. The lowest temperatures of the air varied from 14° at Perth, 15' at Paisley, and 19° at Edinburgh, to 25!° at Abervlcen ; the mean value from all stations was 202°. The mean range of temperature in the week from all places w.as 19.^". The mean temperature of the air for the week from all places was 313°, being 3. J° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 187S. The highest was 33° at Alrerdeen, and the lowest 28.}° at Perth. Rain. — The amounts of rain or melted snow measured during the week varied from 0.45 inch at Paisley to 0.05 inch at Leith ; at Edinburgh no ram or snow fell ; the average fall over the country was 0.19 inch. Dublin. — The highest temperature of the air was 435°, the lowest 16°, the range 27^°, the mean 32|°, and the amount of rain and melted snow was 0.55 inch. JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. Reports of Societies. Scottish Horticultural Association : Felt. 4. — ■ The ordinary monthly meeting uf tliis Asociation was held on Tuesday, the President in the chair. Mr. John Caie, Inverary Castle Gardens, sent a paper which was read to the meeting, the subject being the arrangement of trees, shrubs, and climbers for pleasure grounds. I\Ir. Caie pointed out the main features indispensably necessary to be adhered to in the arrangement of pleasure grounds, leaving the details of it to be worked out according to the cir- cumstances of each individual case. Before the ground was laid out or planted a thorough concep- tion of its capabilities should be arrived at, otherwise the ultimate effect will be marred. After mentioning how and where trees should be grouped, he named the various trees, shrubs, and climbers most suitable for giving beauty to the landscape. Mr. William Burns, Thingwall Gardens, also sent a paper for the consideration of the Association, en- titled "The Acclimatisation of Plants in this Country." He stated that there were many circumstances with which plants were surrounded which had a most im- portant effect upon their growth, viz., light, heat, moisture, and elevation. He described at length the various parts these properties performed in regard to vegetable matter, and compared with other countries some observations he had made upon these four essential elements conducive to plant existence and development. He also quoted some of the experi- ments made by the most eminent men on radiation and evaporation bearing upon the acclimatisation of plants. An animated discussion followed the reading of this paper, the opinion brought out being that plants could only be acclimatised to a very hmited extent. Mr. John Clark, Dysart Gardens, received a First- class Certificate for a new variegated ornamental Beet of his own raising, for decorative and bedding pur- poses. Mr. Alex. McMfllan exhibited trusses of Zonal Pelargoniums and Chrysanthemum blooms in excellent condition for this season. Mr. Charles Buchanan exhibited three large flowers of the Clero- dendron Balfourianum taken froin a plant with forty spiices. They were very fine, and equal to what is produced in the middle of summer. It was intimated that ihe following were the suc- cessful competitors for the prizes offered by Mr. iJownie for the best kitchen garden plans :— Ist, Chas. Warrick, Dalkeith Gardens ; 2d, Chas. Web- ster, Dallceith Gardens ; 3d, all equal — K. Parker, Plutton Hall, Guisbro' ; W. PL Divers, Messrs. \'eitchs' Nursery ; and \\'illiam Ta3dor, 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh. Mr. McMillan, Broadmeadows, sent a few notes on the weather, stating that he had registered 35° frost on December 14, and that from December 4 to February 3 he had recorded 620° altogether. The President gave some of his observations at Dalkeith on the same subject. The most frost experienced there was on December 14, 22°. It was then inti- mated that the next meeting was the annual business one, for the election of office-bearers and the trans- action of other businesss. Death of Mr. George Galloway. — We regret to observe in a Northern paper that Mr. George Galloway, seed merchant of Helens- burgh, was found recently in the Athole Plotel, Dundas .Street, Glasgow, with his throat cut. No reason is assigned for the act. (FnquirifS. He that qucstioneth iituch shall learn 7nuch. — Bacon. The Constitution ok Plants. — Can you or any one else inform me why the Oak secretes tannin, and the Pinus turpentine, though both growing in the same soil, and with the same atmospheric conditions? Or, again. » hy does the Laurus Camphora secrete camphor, ancl the Cinchona quinine? I have not come across any explanation of these things, has any one else? j. Croucher. [We can only reply, Because "it is their nature to." iiDS.] Phizes for Rosks at Bishop .Vuckland: An Anxious Enquirer asks if it is true that, two or three years ago, a prize of £\o was offered for twelve cut blooms of yellow Roses, and ultimately awarded to a dozen blooms of Gloire do Dijon ? but we are quite unable to tell him. Can any of our readers ? Answers to Correspondents. Fuciisi.v SICRRATH'OI.IA. — If the correspondent who was making inquiries about I-'uchsia serratifolia will send me his address, I shall be happy to forward him some cuttings, as I grow it for winter blooming in a warm greenhouse — a purpose for which it is exceed- ingly useful. J. Sheppard, Woolvcrstone, Ipr^uich. Christmas Roses : A'. A. ,\s a rule the roots should not be disturbed too often, but they should be top- dressed at least once a year with well-decayed manure and leaf-soil. .\s yours appear to be dwindling awav, it is |3robable that the cause is to be found in the poverty of the soil, and in that case we should lift and transplant them in a moderately moist soil, in a shady position. CoUNTV Court : X. Y. /,. We think you should pro- ceed agauist the Secretary. Your other ([uestion is a legal one, that we cannot pretend to answer. CvcL.AMENS : E. Sandford. Your rose-coloured seed- ling is one which is now commonly seen in all the good strains exhibited by the suburban growers, and not ec|ual in richness of colour to such select varieties as Ruby, .and others which have been named. ,-\ few years back it would have been thought quite an acqui- sition ; and, being of good form, it is worth keeping apart and seeding from with a view to further improve- ment. Gkai'E from It.vly : \V. Crane. The black Grape with a Strawberry flavour received by your employer from 1 taly is no doubt the .American Fox or .Strawberry Grape — a variety that h.as been known in this country for some years. The late Mr. Pearson, of Chilwell, crossed it with the Royal Muscadine, and so obtained the variety sent out in 1871 or 1872 under the name of Ferdinand de Lesseps. Grapes : James R. There is no better late white Grape than Muscat of Alexandria, but it requires extra heat to grow it well. Heating : John. Banks. The Peaches will be quite safe if you use the stove with judgment, and it is powerful enough to heat the house, of which you gi\e no idea of the dimensions. As regards flic hot-water jjipes in your conservatory that have been painted with gas-tar, we may say at once that to paint them again with black paint will aggravate the evil. \'ou must have the tar all scraped off with the aid of some grease and hot water, then paint the pipes with a mixture of lamp-black and linseed oil. Names of PL.\Nrs : J. H. i, .-\diantum pentadac- tylon : 2, Phlebodiunt aureuni ; 3, Hleclmum br;isi- liense ; 4, Pleopeltis pustulata ; 5, Polystiehum i84 THE OAkDRNRkS' CHRONICLE. [I-'ebruary 8, 1879, capense ; 6, Laslrea quinquangulare ; 7, niechnuni cognatuni ; 8, Asplenium bulbiferum. — H. i\f. /•-'. The Fern is Oiiychium japonicum ; the other ]5laiU Begonia sanguinea. — ,V. G. N. A I'leopcltis, near crassifolia. Vjut it seems distinct. Can you send it in a fertile state? — IK. H''. Your stove cliniher appears to be Thunbergia Hawtayneana. Nkw G.\kdi;n I,.\Nn; IK F.. The best remedy you can apply for the suspected wireuorm is to well roll the land two or three times with one of Crosskill's rollers. You may then plant Potatos, or any other fill- up crop, till you get the ground into a regular routine of cropping. Pi;iMi;i..\.s : G. R. B., Wiiicaiilon. The chief peculiari- ties of the Primrose referred to in our last issue con- sisted in its very large leafy ealy.v, and in the large 3-lobed and erenated petals, which were green ani.1 leafy in the centre, petaloid at the edges. The sta- mens were freely developed, hut the pistil was perfect. There are the germs of an extraordinary race of Prim- roses in these flowers. Pkimula SINICNSIS : \V. Ciiibush !^ Salt. Very fine in c|uality, and richly coloured. Quantity ok Fuki, : A. IV. We arc unable to give you an opinion as to the quantity of coal necessary to heat 2000 feet of 4-inch piping under the circumstances described, so much depending upon the quality of the coal, and the skill of the stoker. Short of actual expe- riment, it is impossible for a stranger to the apparatus to give a definite reply. Varieg.\ti;d Borecoles : Slii,u-/. Mcin ^Allmi. Tlie varieties forwarded are very prettily coloured, and no doubt have a good effect when growing. The mark- ings, which include crimson, rose-pink, and white venation on the green ground, either with or without a broad coloured centre, are well defined and bright in colour. Insects ; A Gardener. So far as we can tell from the flattened specimen before us, the beetle so destrtietive in your stoves is none other than the well-known Otio- rhynchus sulcatus represented in the accompanying illustration {fig. 27). No. 1 is the perfect insect, some- what magnified ; 2, its larva, or gnxb, of the natural size ; 3, the same, magnified ; 4, the pupa, magnified ; and, s, another species — Otiorhynchus picipes. The larva feeds at the roots of plants ; and the perfect in- FlG. 27. — OTIOIUIVNCHUS SULCATUS. sects, when disturbed at night, sham death, and are easily captured by shaking the foliage of the plants over a cloth spread underneath. Communications Received ;—H. K.— F. F N.— D. T. F.— W. T.— T. M.— W. Ross.— Chapman. -C. P.— E. li.— T. L. H. C. (many thanks).— R. D.— R. P. Kerr & Sons. — I. Scott. —J. W., Liverpool. -T. C.-C. Y. M.-W. E.— T. H.— E. M.— W. S.— E. S. D.— J. C, Reading.— R. L — W. W. R. — (F. Rosher 8; Co., Upper Ground Street, Blackfriars, S.K.). — R. O. — E. G. — S. H. — D. R. Bridemann -J. W .— T. M. W. larkts* CO VENT GAI^DEN, February 6. Business being still so dull, there i.s nothing that cills for any remark in our market. James Webber, Whole- sale Apple Market. Plants in Pots. d. s. d. Arum Lily, or Rich- ardia sethiop.jdoz. 9 0-18 o Azaleas, per dozen.. 24 0-60 o Begonias, per doz. . . 6 0-12 o Bouvardias, per doz. 18 0-24 o , Camellias, per dozeniS 0-60 o ' Cinerarias, per doz, 12 0-18 o Cyclamens, per doz. 12 0-30 o , Cyperus, per dozen 6 0-12 o , Dracxna terminalis 30 0-60 o , — viridis, per doz. . . 18 0-24 o 1 Epiphyllum, perdoz, i3 c-60 o — gracilis, p. dozen 9 0-12 o — hyemalis, p. doz. 12 0-42 o ' r. d. s. d. 6 0-18 o 4 o-i8 o 2 6-1 s o Enonymns, var., doz. Ferns, in var., p. doz. Ficus elastica, each Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each . . Mignonette, per doz. Myrtles, per doz. . . Palms in variety, each Pelargoniums, scar- lets, zonal. d( Primulas, per dozen 4 0-12 o Solanums, per doz. 6 0-18 o Tulips, per dozen .. S 0-12 o 2 o-io 6 6 o- 9 o 6 0-12 o .. 6 o-i; Cut Flowers. . d. s. d. Abutilon, 1.2 blooms 06-10 Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 4 0-12 o Azaleas, 12 sprays .. 09-20 Bouvardias, per bun. 10-40 Camellias, per dozen 3 0-12 o Carnations, per dozen 16-40 Cyclamen, 12 blooms 06-16 Deutzia, 12 bunches 6 c-12 o Epiphyllum, 12 blms. 10-30 Eucharis. per doz. .. 4 0-12 o s. d. s. d. Lily of Val., i25pray^ 20-60 Mignonette, 12 bun.12 0-18 o Narcissus, paper- white, 12 sprays .. 20-60 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 20-40 — zonal, 12 sprays 10-20 Primula, double, per bunch — single. 12 bunch Roses (indoor), doz. I o- 2 o 6 0-12 o 3 0-12 o Euphorbia, 12 sprays 3 o- 6 o | Tropseolnm, 12 bun. 20-60 Ga'rdenias, 12 blms.i2 0-24 o \ Tuberoses, per dozen 30-60 Heliotropes, 12 sp. . . 06-101 Tulips, 12 blooms . . 10-30 Hyacinths, 12 spks 4 0-12 o , Violets, 12 bunches 4 o- g o — Roman, 12 spks. i o- 3 o I s.d. Apples, Ja-basket . . 16-50 Cobs and Filberts, lb. o g- i o Grapes, per lb. .. 30-80 Lemons, per 100 .. ^ 0-10 o Fruit. d. Oranges, per roc .. Pears, per doz. Pine-apples, pei lb. J. d. s. d. 40-80 Vegetables. d. 5. d. Artichokes, English Globe, doz. .. 20-40 — Jerusalem, bush. 40-.. Asparagus, Fr. sprue, per bundle . . 16-.. — Eng. . per ico . . 10 o- . . — Fr. giant, p. bun. 30 o- .. Beans, French, p. 100 z o- .. Beet, per doz. . . 10-20 Brus. sprouts, bush. 10 o- .. Cabbages, per doz. .. i o- 2 o i Carrots, per bunch .. 04-06 Cauliflowers, perdoz. 20-50 Celery, oer bundle ., 16-20 Chilis, per 100 .. 20- .. Cucumbers, each . . o g- 1 6 Endive, Batav. dozen 16-.. Garlic, per lb. .. 06- .. Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04 PotatOb : — Regents, looj. to 1305-. ; Champions, 805. Rocks, 70.^. to 75.T. ; Flukes, 120.5. to i\os. per ton, supplies, and trade heavy. Horse Radish. p. bun. Lettuces, Cabbage, per doz. Mint, green, bunch. . Onions, per bushel.. ' — young, per bun. Parsley, per bunch.. Peas, per quart . .1 Potatos, new, basket Radishes, per bunch — Spanish, doz. . . — New Jersey, doz. Rhubarb, doz. Shallots, per lb. Seakale, per punnet Spinach, per bushel Sweet Potatos, per lb. Tomatos, per dozen Turnips, p. 12 bunch. 5. d. s. 4 t>- I 6- 1 6- 4 o- o 4- 0 4- 2 o- 1 o- o 6 01-03 10-.. 20-.. 00-.. 06-.. 26-.. 40-50 06-.. 26-30 30-60 to 90.J. ; Large SEEDS. LuXDOX : Fch. 5. — Our market was fairly attended to- day, and there was generally more request for farm seeds. In view of the low prices ruling for all varieties, and of the fact that in many districts scarcely any seed has yet been purchased, a good consumptive demand may shortly be expected. As regards home-grown Clover the principal inquiry runs upon extra fine seed, which, on account of its scarcity, is relatively dear. Medium quahties continue cheap and plentiful. Of new American there is hardly any in London, nor can any addition to the limited stocks on hand be soon looked for. There Is no quotable alteration in either Alsike or white Clover. Trefoils met \\'ith attention at last week's rates. For imported Italian there is an improved sale at Monday's moderate currencies. Haricot Beans and blue Peas find buyers on former terms. Lentils also keep in good favour ; about 200 qr. of German have just arrived here. Anv parcels of old Egyptian Lentils which might be forthcoming would realise remunerative rates for splitting. Spring Tares are dearer. John Shaw 6^ Sons, Seed Merchants^ 27 1 Mark Lane, Lofidon, E.C, CORN. On Monday, at Mark Lane, the best samples of English wheat were held at full prices, inferior at barely late rates. The market \\'as well supplied with foreign produce. Millers operated with considerable caution. Choice barley realised full terms, but the market for inferior sorts was dull at barely late rates. In the malt trade there was no material alteration. Oats were fairly firm. Indian Corn was quiet at late rates. Beans and peas were in fair average request at late rates. The flour trade was very quiet on former terms. — Trade on Wed- nesday was quiet, and prices were without material change. The tone of business was perhaps a little heavy, the weather showing signs of relaxa- tion. English Wheat was in limited supply, and fine qualities were steady. Foreign Wheat was in good supply, and prices were with difficulty supported. Oats and ^Iaize were about the same in price, and the market was nominally unchanged as regards other kinds of produce. Average prices of corn for the week ending Feb. I : — Wheat, 38J. ^d. ; Barley, 365. gd. ; Oats, 19J. 5(/. F"or the corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 515. lid. ; Barley, 44J. 6d. ; Oats, 23.T. iid. CATTLE. At the Metropolitan Market on Monday prices for beasts gave way somewhat and a considerable proportion remained unsold. The trade in sheep was excessively dull, and prices on the average scarcely so good as last reported. Choice calves were in demand. Quotations : — Beasts, 4s. ^d. to \s. 8d., and 5,^. 2d. to 5^. .\d. ; calves, 5s. 6d. to 6s. 6d. ; sheep, 5.?. to $s. 6d., and 6s. to 6s. lod. ; pigs, 3s. ^d. to 4^.— On Thursday the cattle trade ruled quiet in tone. Sup]:>lie5 were moderate, and beasts changed hands at Monday's reduced prices. For sheep the inquiry was limited, at about late rates, but calves were firmer. HAY. At Wiiitechapel on Tuesday there was not much demand, and prices were without change. Prime Clover, Q^s. to to'js. 6d. ; inferior, Sos. to gos. ; prime meadow hay, 75.T. to 84J. ; inferior, 40s. to jos. ; and straw, 30J. to 35.T. per load. — On Tliursday there was a moderate supply of hay and straw on sale, but trade very dull, and prices unchanged. — Cumberland Market quo- tations : — Superior meadow hay, Sos. to 88j. ; inferior, 63.V. to 70s. ; superior Clover, ioo.r. to 110s. ; inferior, 70J. to 8Ss. ; and straw, 33J. to 39J. per load. COALS. The market on Monday was active for house coals, at former prices in most cases ; seconds, however, \\ere quoted 6d. higher. Business on Wcflnesday was steady, at the following quotations :~Bebside West Hartley, 14s. 3(/. ; East Wylam, lys. 6d. ; Springwell West Hart- ley, 14J. 3(/. ; Walls End — Helton, igs. ; Hetton Lyons, 17^- 3^- ; Hawthorns, i/.v. gd. ; Lambton, iSs. 6d. ; Wear, 17J. 9^/. ; South Hetton, 19.^. ; Chilton Tees, iZs, 6d. ; South Hartlepool, i8j-. ; Tees, i8j-. 9*^ EXCELLENCE COMBINED WITH ECONOMY. IP WEBB'S PRODUCE A CONSTANT (S-M.SUPPLY OF.^.^® THE BEST VEGETABLES ALLTHEYEAR ROUND is an enormous cropper, and ripens a few days before the Early Rose. My first Importation of this sort for the season (in addition to what I grew in 1878), was 200 barrels. Price :— Per ib., 4JOBERT AND GEORGE NEAL, V Wandsworth Common and Garrett Lane Nurseries, beg respectfully to call attention to their large and varied Stock of HARDY. ORNAMENTAL. FOREST. FRUIT TREES and SHRUBS, which are grown at their Nurseries, especially those Trees, &c., which are most suitable for growing in or near large towns. An early inspection invited. All goods delivered free on rail in London, or at own residence, within five miles of the Nurseries. CATALOGUES free by post on application. CRANSTON'S NURSERIES Established 17S5. EIGHTY ACRES. ROSES, FRUIT TREES, CONIFERS, FOREST TREES, &c. Descriptive and Priced Catalogue for 1S7S noto ready. Address — CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD. THE NOVELTY OF THE SEASON. GILBERT'S NETTED VICTORY MELON. The only white-fleshed Melon that was awarded a First-class Certificate by the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society in 187S. It is a good grower, free setter, and of a most exquisite flavour. Price, per pkt. of six seeds, sj. (:d. Trade terms on application. W. & J. BROWN, SEED MERCHANTS, 56, HIGH STREET, STAMFORD. O THE TRAD E . 100,000 LARCH FIR, tr.ansphntcd. 75, GOD ASH, transplanted. 50,000 CHESTNUTS. Spanish, transplanted. 50,000 MANETTl STOCKS, 20.000 LAURELS, Common. 5,000 AUCUBAS, 5,000 LAURELS. Portugal. STANDARD ROSES. ASPARAGUS PLANTS. 2, 3, and 4-vr. Extra fine Dwarf-trained PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS, APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, and CHERRIES, also fine Pyramid APPLES and PEARS. WM. WtlOD AND SON, The Nurseries, Maresfield, Uckfield, Sussex. Special Offer. WBALL AND CO., Bedford Road Nursery, • Northampton, having a very large stock of the under- mentioned TREES, &c., in fine condition for removal, have much pleasure in offering them at the following low prices : — ASH, 2 to 2j^ feet, fine, 185. per 1000. BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, i to i}4 foot, very fine, izs. per 1000. ELMS, Canadian, 8 to 10 feet stems, with good heads, loos, per 100. ,, English (upright), 6 to 7 feet stems, fine, with good heads, gar. per 100. HORNBEAM, 2 to 3 feet, fine, los. per 1000. LIMES, 8 to 9 feet, very fine, 50s. per 100 ; g to 11 feet, ditto, 70s. per 100. PRIVET, common. 1 feet, bushy. los. per 1000. „ OVALIFOLIUM, 3 to 4 feet, very fine, 50s. per 1000. WALNUTS, 6 to 7 feet stems, nice heads, 60s. per too. • CHERRIES, Morello, dwarf-trained, splendid stufl^, i8s. p. doz. APRICOTS, Moorpark, dwarf-trained, splendid stuff, 20s. per dozen. ROSES, extra fine standards, large heads, fine varieties, 4 feet stems, no better in the trade, our selection, 7as. p. 100. APPLES, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, 60s. per 100. PEARS, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, 70s. per 100. General CATALOGUE of Seed and Herbaceous Plants post- free on application. Planting Season. JAMES DICKSON and SONS beg to draw attention to their very superior and very extensive Stock of hardily-grown and well-rooted TREES and PLANTS of every description. Priced CATALOGUES post-free. "Newton" Nurseries, Chester. One Penny Each. GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS. — The finest scarlet Gladiolus in cultivation, also FLORI- BUNDUS, nearly pure white, fine sound Flowering Bulbs, any quantity, from i to ic,ooo, at the above price. A few thousand Smaller Bulbs, mixed, at 5^. per loo. Also HOLLYHOCKS, fine seedling plants, at yi. each, 2J. 6c/. per dozen, £,\ per ichd. Double DAISIES, Red, White, and Hen -and -Chick ens, 5^. per TOO ; Double dark Crimson, ts. per 100. CATALOGUE for 1879, containing 500 Illustrations, post-free for IS. BIDDLES AND CO., The " Penny Packet Seed Company,'* Loughborough. CLEARANCE SALE AT UNUSUALLY LOW PRICES, OF THE WHOLE OF THE EXCELLENT STOCK OF TREES, EVERGREENS, &c., Now Growing in the QUEEN'.S PARK AND EATON ROAD NURSERIES, CHESTER. For Particulars apply to JAMES DICKSON & SONS, NEWTON" NURSERIES, CHESTER. D POTATOS.TOOIS&C JPmITJEB €jlTAZO^GM=FosrJVRSJ^. JamesDickson&Sgi .SEED.- GROWERS.- /flTU|7n (^-p.'^T^Tf; THE BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN, IS THAT SUPPLIED CY SUTTON & SONS. PRICE, Per 16 Cakes, 53. 6d. Per 4 Cakes, Is. 6d. J-'roin I\Ir. A. Ingram, Gr. to the Duke of Northumberland. — *' Your Mushroom Spawn is the best I ever tried." Froffi'M.r. John Davies, Stibbington Hall. — "The Mush- room Spawn bought of you was inserted in a bed on December 15, and I began to cut on January 21. The same bed to-day (April 4) is thickly covered with fine Mushrooms." Froii! Mr. A. Williams, Jun., Castle Street, Farnham, August 7, 18^8. — " I planted the Mushroom Spawn a few weeks ago. There is an enormous crop." SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading, Berks. pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, as V^ supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society. — Four-bushel bag (bag mcluded), zs. ; 30 bags (bags included), 20J-. ; trnck free to rail, 25J. RICH (late Finlayson & Hector), Cocoa-Nut Fibre Works, 24 and 25, Redman's Row, Mile End Road. London, E. ARDEN REQUISITES.— COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, as supplied to Her M.rjesty and most of the leading Nurserymen and Gardeners. ^d. per bushel ; loo for 70s. ; trnck (loose, 350 bush.), 30J. 4-bushel bags, id. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 6d. per sack; 5 sacks, 25^. : r2 for 455., or 36^. per ton. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 51. per sack, 5 sacks 22J. ; 12 for 4ay., or 34^. per ton : sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, is. i}d. per bushel ; 151. half ton, 26s. per ton : in i cwt. bags, id. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT MOULD, and LEAF MOULD, IS. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, Si. 6u'. per sack. Manures, Garden Sticks, Virgin Cork, Tobacco Cloth and Paper, Russia Mats, &c. Write for free PRICE LIST. Goods free to rail. H. G. SMYTH, 10, Castle Street, Endell Street, Long Acre, W.C. poCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.— V_y Reduced Price : — In 4 bushel bags, bags included, at ij., or truckload of about 250 bushels, 25J. (truckload delivered free to rail in London). Post-office Order or Cheque will oblige with all orders.— J. STEVENS and CO., Greyhound Yard, and 134, High Street, Battersea, S.W. For2Every Garden. THE NEW FRENCH MANURE, LE FLORAL, surpasses all others. FOR VEGETABLES LE FLORAL increases the quantity. FOR FLOWERS LE FLORAL increases size and brightens colour. FOR TREES, &c. . LE FLORAL increases verdure and luxuriance. For testimonials, prices, and full particulars apply to The Sole Agents for England, SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. EAT SOIL, PEAT SOI L.— BROWN FIBROUS, good quality, for Orchids, Pot Plants, Ferns, &c., £6 6s. per truck. BLACK, good quality for American Plants, Rhododendrons. Azaleas, Heaths. &c., i7j. per ton, or 6-ton truck for iCi 105. Delivered on rail at Black- water, S.E.R., or Camberley, S.W.R., by the truckload. Cash with order. Sample sack. 51. td., or four sacks, 201. HOLDER AND SON, Crown Nurseries, Reading. Fibrous Peat for Orchids, &c. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids. Stove Plants. &c., £6 6s. per truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 15^. per ton. Delivered on rail at Blackwater, S. E. R., or Famborough, S. W. R., by the truckload. Sample bag, iS. ; 5 bags, 201.; 10 bags, 36J. Bags, id. each. Fresh SPHAGNUM, loi. 6d. per bag. WALKER AND CO., Famborough Station, Hants. EAT for RHODODENDRONS and ordi- nary POT PLANTS, in trucks containing 14 yards or loads, put on rail at Ringwood Station, £i 151. Carriage paid to London or any Station on the L. & S. W. Railway, is s<. per truck of fourteen loads. Cash or reference. J. PRYER, Manager, Peat Stores, Vauxhall Station and Ringwood. Beautiful Flowers.— Send for GW. T R I C K E R AND C O.'S • PRICE LIST. Finest Kent and Hampshire PEATS, LOAM, Bedfordshire SAND. MANURES, COCOA-NUT FIBRE, and everything for the Garden and Conservatory. Address. Wimbledon Railway Sution. THE BEST MANURE. CARTER'S FERTILISER FOR FLOWERS. CARTER'S FERTILISER FOR POTATOS. CARTER'S FERTILISER FOR VEGETABLES. Professor Church says, *' I am much pleased with the thoroughly satisfactory character of Carter's Fertiliser." Price IS. gd. and 41. td. per tin. Cheaper in larger quantities. CARTERS. The Queen's Seedsmen. High Holborn. London. I L L E R AND JOHNSON (Established 1855) Manufacture the highest quality of ARTIFICIAL MANURES For Root, Corn, and Grass Crops. 36, Mark Lane, London. GISHURST CO INI POUND.— Used by many of the leading Gardeners since 1859, against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from i to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Sold Retail by Seedsmen in Boxes, is.. 3J., and 105. 6rf. Wholesale by PRICE'S P.\TENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). ^^^ C L A Y'S FERTILISER, Or PLANT FOOD, Is now respectfully offered to the Public, after having been thoroughly tested and approved, during the last tluree years, by the principal Market Growers and Gardeners. It is a powerful and lasting Mamure, quick in action, and clean and safe to use. See correspondence in Gardeners' CkronkU^ OcL S. 12, 19, and 26. To be had of Seedsmen, Nurserymen, and Florists, in packets, is. ; and in bags, ]{ cwt.. ^s. 6d.: \icvit., 12s. 6d. ; 1 cwt., 20s. : or by letter addressed to 174. High btreet, Homerton, London, E. References can be given to over 200 of the principal Nurserymen and Florists. ^^^ SELECTED SILVER SAND, PEAT, LOAM, SPHAGNUM PALUSTRE, &c., on Sale, by railway truckloads, and in casks and new sacks— at moderate prices. Forwardedto allpartsofthe United Kingdomandabroad. WILLI.AM SHORT, Horticultural Depot, Reigate, Surrey. Established 1862. To Orchid Gro'wers. BA S K E T S.— Superior made, Teak-wood; galvanised or copper wire used. Sample Basket senc carriage paid on receipt of 24 stamps. List of Prices on appli- cation. Reference to several Prize Growers. ALFRED GRANT and CO., Steam Works, 39}^, Leather Lane, London. E.C. CHINA R A F F I A. — Stronger than Madagascar Raffia. We have received a small direct consignment, which we can offer at a very low price. Samples on application. SANDER AND CO., St. AlKans. PEACH WALL COVERS, Portable or Permanent, either of the simple Paxton Roofs, or with projecting set-off frcm top of back wall. Estimates given by return of Post, after receipt of Particulars, for Covering any Length, Height, or Width. B. W. W A R H U R S T, LATE H E R E M A N AND MORTON, REMOVED TO 43, Higbgate Road, London, N.W. PRICE LISTS FREE. A Pamphlet for Three Stamps, with Testimonials, Views of Conservatories, &c. Februaky 8, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 187 FRUIT TREES. THE ROYAL NURSERIES, MERRIOTT, SOMERSET Are well stocked with all kinds of FRUIT TREES, including above 1000 distinct varieties of APPLES, 200 sorts of CHERRIES, 100 sorts of GOOSEBERRIES, 1200 varieties of PEARS, and 200 sorts of PLUMS, and other kinds in similar proportions. PRICED CATALOGUE FREE ON APPLICATION TO J. Geo. Hill, (Late SCOTT), NURSERYMAN and SEEDSMAN, MERRIOTT, SOMERSET. NEW SEEDLING POTATO FOR SPRING, 1879. THE FINEST MAIN CROP ■\\ v.: . '' ,u %m POTATO EVER RAISED. JOHNSTON'S DOWNSHIRE. This variety is of Irish origin, raised by Wm. Johnston, Esq., M.P., Ballykilbeg, and selected by him from a large number of Seedlings, after repeated trials, for its extra fine Ci'ilinary, Disease-resisting, and Late-keeping qualities, being beautifully white, dry, and mealy when cooked, and of the most delicious flavour — keeping good for cooking from early Autumn till following June. As a food producer this Potato must be placed in the foremost rank. Grown for trial by us last season, under ordinary cultivation, with some 500 other kinds it produced at the rate of upwards of 400 bushels per acre of sound, marketable tubers of an Improved Victoria type — eyes rather fleet, skin roughly netted and of a light red colour. S/oc/c very limited. Can be obtained onlytdircct from 21s. Price 2s. per lb., 7 lb. 12s. No Customer will be supplied with more than 7 lb. DANIELS BROS., SEEDSMEN TO THE PRINCE OF WALES, NORWICH. TheThames Bank Iron Company OLD BARGE WHARF, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E., Have the largest and most complete stock in the Trade ; upwards of ^20,000 worth to choose from. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, And all CASTINGS for HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. Their New Illustrated Catalogue, Sth Edition, now ready {price Sixpence). Hot-water Apparatus erected complete, or the Materials supplied at Wholesale Prices. Legion of Honour (Paris Exliibition) : Gold Medal. W. H. LASCELLES, HORTICULTURAL BUILDER, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. Patent Bent Wood Curved Greenhouses and Conservatories. ILLUSTRATED SHEETS sent post-free, and Estimates given for all kinds of Horticultural Work, without charge. JOHN BOA\ MAN, Timber and Mahogany Importer and Merchant, HORTICULTURAL BUILDER. WEST END STEAM JOINERY, NEWC.\STLE-ON.TYNE. GREENHOUSES complete, from £10 to £1000. PoKTAULE Box with One LlGHT, 6 feet by 4 feet, glazed ) ^ 16 oz. sheet glass, and painted four coats .. ., f 33-. Portable Box with Two Lights, as above, each Light ) , 6 feet by 4 feet J °^^' Estimates given for Conservatories and Green- houses of every, kind. Well-seasoned Materials and First-class Workmanship gjlaranteed. GREENHOUSE LIGHTS, FKAME LIGHTS, PIT LIGHTS. All sizes in Stock or in progress. Made of best material, glazed or unglazed, 6 feet by 3 feet \o\ inches, painted three times, glazed with 2I-0Z. English glass, i6j. each. Special price for a quantity. Carriage free. Packing free. Estimates fo?- any size and quantity given. BOULTON & PAUL, H O R T I C U L T U R .M. BUILDERS, NORWICH. RICHARDSON'S PATENT HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS ui^.vjsf*3c; 33 SECTION OF PATENT ROOF VENTILATOR Illiistraticitis, Price Lists, and Tesiimonialsfrce. Hot-water Apparatus fixed in any part of the Kingdom, and guaranteed. W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders & Hot-water Engineers, DARLINGTON. ARCHANGEL AND PETERSBURG MAT MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. T BLACKBURN and SONS f ' • can now supply HEAVV PETERSBURG MATS, and all the usual kinds for covering and packing. ARCHANGEL MATS specially quoted. Price Lists of all on appHcation at 4 and 5, Wormwood Street. London, E.C. N. B. Buyers please state if Mats are required for covering, packing, or tying, anti the goods will be selected accordingly. 1 88 THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. [February 8, 1879. ANDERSON'S RUSSIA MATS For COVERING, TYING, and PACKING, are highly recommended for durabihty and cheapnes.; De- scriptive Catalogue sent post-free ""Wl.cat.on bACk|and PAH"^ nf everv description. 1 ARPAU l^lIN s, nUKSt,- Cl8IhS. ropes, lines, and TWINES.--JAMES T. ANDERSON, MQ, Commercial Street. Shoreditch, London, t.. WHolesale Russia Mat Merchants. MARENDAZ AND FISHER, Importers of ARCHANGEL and ST. PETERSBURG MATS RAFFIA FIBRE, S:c. Mmufacturers of lANJNtU NETTING, TIFFANY, and other Garden Requisites. q, James Street, Covent Garden, Vi.C. rniFFANY and ELASTIC NETTING J- (REGISTERED).-It is now twenty-five years since we introduced the article we called ." SHAWS "t tANY .or horticultural shading and protecting, and up " '^e present aU imitations have fallen short of the beauty, '"'"■■,<=• .""!"„ 'nr^ the article. Our immense sale enables us at all times to put it on the market at a lower price than any other hoiise. TlffaTy and ELastic Netting (REGISTERED), with Canvas and all other Shading and Protecting Materials, manufactured ^"jOHn'^'sHAW and CO., 29. Oxford Street, Manchester. Samples and prices on application. I> ALPH WALLER and CO., 45, Dale Street, t Manchester, Manufacturer of all kinds of GARDEN NETTING &c., for protecting Fruit Trees from trost ; also HOTHOUSE SHADINGS of various thicknesses, supe- rior to any other yet discovered for Lightness, Strength, and Durability, standing, as they do, all weathers. TIFFANY of various kinds always on hand Netting and Shading in pieces 30 yards long, by i}^ yard wide. Tiffany in pieceLfo vaMs long, 38 inches wicfe. Also Tiffany mineralised. NETTING, No. I, i,d. per square yard ; No. 2, 3/5o- • No, 3, 4H• Orders amounting to £2 carriage paid. WM PARHAM, Northgate Works, Bath, and 280, Oxford i Street 'London. W. Specimens on view at either address. • ' IRON HURDLES. IRON IIAR and WIRE FENC- ING GATES, &c. FRUIT ESPALIER and WALL WIRING MATERIALS. PRICE LISTS free on application. J. B. BROWN & CO.. 90. CANNON STREET, LONDON. BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, Patentees and Manufacturers of Wrought Iron CONTINUOUS BAR FENCING, Iron Hurdles, Strained Wire Fencing, Field and Entrance Gates, Tree Guards, &c., VICTORL-V WORKS, WOLVERH.\MPTON. and 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London, t.C. Catalogues free on application. GALVANISED FITTINGS Wiring Garden Walls£ Training Fruit Trees. Admitted by every practical gardener to be an immense im provement upon the old system of nails and shreds, no damage being done to the wall, and the tying being effected in a much better manner and in a quarter of the time ; all the fittings are galvanised, thus making them imperishable. PRICES. s. GALVANISED EYES for Guiding the Wires upon the Walls o GALVANISED TERMINAL HOLD- FASTS ; two required for each line of wire . . ■ ■ • ■ ■ • . . 1 GALVANISED RAIDISSEURS, for Straining the Wires 3 WINDING KEY for same.. . r ° EYE BOLTS, to use instead of Raidis- seurs . . ■ . . • ■ • ■ ■ ^ Best No. 14 GALVANISED WIRE TWO HIGHEST AM^ARDS 4 psr dozen. 4 each. o per dozen, o per 100 yards. PARIS, 1878, SILVER MEDAL. The Jury Reports are not vet published. PHILADELPHIA, 1876, PRIZE MEDAL JuKV Rei'OKT : — " E.vccllence in diagonal weaving of a low-priced fabric." FOR GALVANISED Prices per Lineal Yard, 2 feet wide. Carria:-c paid upon all Orders of ^os. aiiti np-.i'ards. Size of Mesh, Inch. I Mostly used for. Pheasantries Small Rabbits .... Rabbits, &c Rabbits, Hares,&c Gauge. 19 '9 19 19 Light. d. 4 3 Gauge. Mediumi Gauge. 18 18 18 '4K Strong. V^IRE I ^^n NETTING Have been au^ardedto tltc Inventor and Original Ma^.facttrrcr 0, ■'^"'■^";-"'; _'';.,;.7'- BARNARD. BISHOP k BARNARDS, Norfolk Ironworks, NORWICH, '^'^^ A, d I, 9, ll 95, 0UE,.:N VICTORIA STREET. LONDON, E.G. February S, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 189 "ONES'S PATENT "DOUBLE L" SADDLE BOILER. These Boilers possess all the advantages of the old Saddle Boiler, with the followiiig improvements— viz., the water-space at back and over top of saddle increases the heating surface to such an extent that a "PATENT DOUBLE L SADDLE BOILER" will do about twice the amount pf work with the same quantity of fuel : the cost of setting is also considerably reduced, and likewise the space occupied ; at the same time these Boilers are simple in construction, and being made of wrought-iron are not liable to crack. They are made of the following sizes : — Sizes. To heat of 4-in. Pipe. Price. High. Wide. Long. Feet. £ s. Io. 38. PORT.ABLE LIQUID M.\NURE PUMPS, on Legs, with Flexible Suction. No. 49. GARDEN ENGINES, of all sizes, in O.alt or G.alvanised Iron Tubs. No. S4*- THE CASSIOBURY FIRE EXTINGUISHER, as designed for th Right Hon. the Earl of Essex WROUGHT-IRON PORTABLE PUMPS of all sizes. CAST-IRON GARDEN, YARD, or ST.ABLE PUMPS. No. 44. No. 4. No. 39^. IMPROVED HOSE REELS for Coiling up Long Lengths of Hose for Garden use. S. OWENS AND CO. Manufacture and Erect every description of Hydraulic and General Engineers' Work for Mansions, Farms, &c., comprising PUMPS, TURBINES, WATER WHEELS, WARMING APPARATUS, B.\THS, DRYING CLOSETS, GASWORKS, Apparatus for LIQUID MANURE distribution. FIRE MAINS, HVDR.^NTS, HOSE PIPES, &c., &c. Particulars taken in atiy part of the Country. Plans atid Estimates furnished. I ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES CAN BE HAD ON APPLICATION. igo THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 8, 1879. THE GAEDENERS' OHRONIOLE. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISING Head Line charged as two. 4 Lines 5 „ 6 ,, 7 „ 8 ,, 9 ,. 10 „ 11 „ 12 „ 13 „ 14 ..^o 15 Lines I IS 17 I 13 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ..Ca 8 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINK. If set across columns, the lowest charge will be 30s. Page £9 ° o HalfPage 500 Column .. 3 5 ° GAKDENERS, AND OTHERS, WANTING SITUATIONS. 26 words IS. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line (about g words} or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST DE PREPAID. All SuTisoriptlons Payable in Advance. Thk United Ki.ngdom : 12 Months, li 31. lorf. ; 6 Months, lis. lid. : 3 Months, 6s. Foreign : 261.. including Postage for 12 Months. P.0.0. to be made payable at the Kmg Street Post-offics, W.L., to W. Richards. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. f ^J^ m I <^>- HELLIWELL'S PATENTED NEW SYSTEM of AIR and WATER-TIGHT IMPERISHABLE GLAZING. All Woodwork is covered, and no outside P.iinting is required. Old Roofs Reglazed. Any one cun repair or tnke in pieces. *• It is suitable for Railway Stations, Mills, Weaving Sheds, &c., but is specially applicable to Conservatories, Plant Houses, and Orchard Houses, and we should be very much inclined to try the system. It is certainly worth looking to."— T/te Builder. " And will, in our opinion, supersede any other similar system before the public." — Building News, "It seems to meet the end in view more nearly than any thing we have seen yet." — The Field. " The patent has given high satisfaction to every one using it." — The Ch->-i$tian Ufiion. " Convincingly prove the new Glazing System to be worthy the attention of readers of the Keystone."— The Keystone. For Estimates, Drawings, or t*articulars, apply to the Patentee, T. W. HELLIWELL, Erighouse, Yorkshire: or, ig, Parliament Street, London, W.C. THE GRAVEL- WALK METAL SCRAPER MATS.— They improve the appearance of Entrances, are suitable for all kinds of Gravel-walk Entrances, in all weathers, either to remove the loose grit after summer showers, or the dirt or snow of winter. Their texture g:iTes a firm hold to tJiefeet in whatever direction you step. They are the width of an ordinary step, and being directly in the path cannot escape use, save much wear in other mats, floorcloths, and carpets, and their endurance is incalculable. Lengths, 2 feet 3 inches, price 10s. : 2 feet 6 inches, 12s. ; 3 feet, 14.J. ; 3 feet 4 inches, 3 feet 8 inches, i8j. ; 4 feet. -205. All 12 inches wide. TidcuiuU'^ I'.ittjnt Giavel-vv.-ilk -Ma.il h^cvaper !\Lats are suitable for Mansions, Villas, Frtuch Casements, Conservatories, Hothouses, Greenhouses, Flower Gardens, Kitchen Gardens, Places of Worship, Colleges, Schools, Manufactories, Hotels, Public Institutions, and all Entrances leading from Sandy, Gritty or Gravel Walks. Delivered on Railway on receipt of re- mittance, payable to G. TIDCOM HE and SQN.Watford. Hertr. Accidents Occur Daily— Accidents of all Kinds Provided acain-;t by a Policy ot the RAILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE COMP.^NV.— The Oldest and Largest .Accidental Assurance Company. The Right Hon. Lord Kinnaikd, Chairman. Subscribed Capital, .£1.000,000. Annual Income. jQiH.ooo. A fi.ied sum in case of Death by Accident, and a Weekly Allow.ance in the event of Injury, may be secured at moderate Premiums. Bonus allowed to Insurers of five years standing. ;£i, 350. 000 have been paid as compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or 64, Cornhill, London. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. THE IMPROVEMENT OF LANDED ESTATES, By DRAINAGE, ENCLOSIiMG. CLEARING, The ERECTION of t'ARM BUILDINGS and COTTAGES, WATER SUPPLY, &c. The Land Loan and Enfranchisement Co. (Incorporated by Special Act of Parliament) ADVANCES MONEY: ist. — To the OWNERS of SETTLED and OTHER ESTATES, for the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages, and for the Drainage, Irrigation, Enclosing, Clearing and General Improvement of Landed Property in any part of the United Kingdom. _ .„„„ . 2d. -To the OWNERS of SETTLED ESTATES in ENGLAND, for the Erection or Completion of Mansions, Stables, and Outbuildings, and for the Construction or Erection of Reservoirs, and other Works of a permanent nature, to supply Water for the uiie of the Estate, or for any other purpose. 3d._To LANDOWNERS generally, to enable them to subscribe for Shares in Companies for the Construction of Rail- ways and Navigable Canals, which will benehcially affect their Estates. . , . 4th.— To INCUMBENTS, for the Improvement of their Glebe Lands, by Drainage, and the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages. „ , , . 5th.— To COPYHOLDERS, for the Enfranchisement of Copyhold Lands. The amount borrowed, with the expenses, would be charged on the Estate benefited, and repaid by a rent-charge, termi- nating in twenty-five years. No Investigation of the Landowner's Title is necessary. Forms of application, and all further particulars may be obtained of „ Messrs. RAWLENCE and SQUAREY, 22, Great George Street. Westminster, S.W., and Salisbury; of Messrs. AS HURST, MORRIS, CRISP and CO., 6, Old Jewry, London, E.G.: of Messrs. GILLESPIE and PATERSON. W.S., SiA, George Street, Edinburgh. Agents for the Company in Scotland ; and at the Offices of the Company, as below. T. PAIN, Managing Director. EDWIN GARROD, Secretary. Land Loan and Enfranchisement Company. 22. Great George Street, Westminster. S.W. This Day, crown 8vo, with Illustrations, is. 6J. cloth (postage 3^.), POTATOS : How to Grow and Show Them. A Practical Guide to the Cultivation and General Treat- ment of the Potato. By JAMES PINK. Author of " How to Grow One Thousand Pounds of Potatos from One Pound of CROSBY LOCKWOOD and CO., 7, Stationers' Hall Court, London, E.C. THE CULTIVATO R.— A Portugese Monthly Agricultural Journal, which circulates in Portugal and her possessions, and in the Principal Towns of the Brazils. This paper offers an excellent medium for Advertisements of every description of industry and of every article of Consump- tion in the countries and places above mentioned. Advertising charges, 8rf. per square inch, Translation included. Ten per cent. Discount for six months ; 20 per cent. Discount for twelve months, if paid in advance. Address, the Editor of the Cultivator. St. Michael's, Azores. Farms, Estates, Residences. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midla?id Counties Herald Office, Birmingham.'' The MidUtid Courjics Herald always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. 1^ ADVERTISERS are requested lo note that although we do not object to receive Letters to be called for, we cannot undertake to forward them. LANDSCAPE GARDENERS, inclined to take up the SALE of a NEW MANUFACTURE, specially suited for Gardens, are requested to send on their addresses to CARL SCHLIESSMANN, Castel-Mainz-on- the-Rhine, Germany. ANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR- DENER, where there is no Glass or Forcing ; married, without family. Must understand Pigs and Poultry. Wages £1 per week and live in the Entrance Lodge free. Also, wanted a strong GARDEN LABOURER, wages i6i. per week and room in the Lodge. Required March i.— Apply, pre-paid. A., Royal Naval School, Twickenham. WANTED, a good Practical FOREMAN for the Houses — Apply with references to F. CL.-VRK, M.Anor House Gardens, Beckenham. Kent. Man and Wife, witliout Family, WANTED, as GROOM and GARDENER, COOK and GKNERAL SERVANT. Good refer- ences indispensable. State wages .ind full particulars to W. A. C., Messrs. Deacon, Leadenhall Street, E.C. Head Counterman in the Seed Trade. WANTED at ONCE, a respectable Hard- working MAN, having a thorough knowledge of the Vegetable and Flower Seed Department. He must be expert and systematic in the execution of orders.— Apply, staling age, experience, and salary required, to DICKSON, BROWN and TAIT. Seed Merchants, Corporation Street, Manchester.— N.B. References will be very strictly inquired into. Propagator (Outdoor). WANTED, a YoungMAN, goodBudder and Grafter of Roses, Fruit Trees, &c.— Apply to CLARK BROS. AND CO., Nurserymen, Carlisle. WANTED, a young MAN for the Houses, under the Foreman.— Must have had Nursery experi- ence. Wages i8j. a week.— References, &c., to EDWIN HILLIER, Nurseries, Winchester. WANTED, two respectable, steady MEN, to assist in Growing Soft-wooded Plants for Market. — T. C. PAGET, Royal Nurseries, Clapham, S.W. WANTED, a SALESMAN for Covent Garden Flower Market. Also one or two YOUNG MEN for Soft-wooded Plant Growing. None need apply who have not filled similar situations.— GREGORY and EVANS, Florists, Lee, Kent. WANTED, an active, intelligent, Young MAN (age 22) for the Houses, accustomed to Nursery work. Wages, £1 weekly and bothy. Apply with references. — C. WILSON, Nurseryman, Kendal. ANTED,a GARDENER'S LABOURER, strong, active, and willing, for Spade Work and Mow- ing. Married, Must be well recommended. Good cottage and garden.— Rev. J. E. CAMPBELL COLQUHOUN, ChartweU, Westerham, Kent. WANTED, MANAGING CLERK and TRAVELLER in the Seed Trade. —A Gentleman having a good knowledge of the Trade, and possessed of practical experience, energy, and good administrative ahili^y. He will be required to take entire control of Office, and do an occasional Journey. State age and amount of experience, and give some particulars as to previous career. All communications will be treated as strictly confidential. — FIDES, Gardener^ ChronicU Office, W.C. To the Seed Trade. WANTED, a TRAVELLER.— There will be a vacancy for a Traveller in March next, to repre- sent a wholesale house in the Midland and Southern Counties. Full particulars as to age, salary required and where previously employed, to \^.,Gardefiers' Chro?iicle Office, W.C. WANTED, in a Country Retail Seed Business, a SHOPMAN — one having had some experi- ence in the Clover Seed preferred. State age, experience, and salary required, &c.— ALFRED E. McMULLEN, The Wash, Hertford. Ssfid Tr3.dp WANTED, an ASSISTANT; SHOPMAN. — Must be sober, steady, and obliging, with a know- ledge of the Nursery Business.— W. BARRON and SON, Seedsmen, Nottingham. WANTED, active YOUTH for Seed Shop, and two good useful MEN for Nursery— JOSEPH TREMBLE AND SONS, Nurserymen, &c., Penrith. WANT PLACES. E. G. HENDERSON AND SON have many excellent GARDENERS with approved testimonials for ability now waiting in their Nurseries for re-engagement. E. G. H. & Son will be pleased to answer any enquiries from Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring such — Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale, London, W. TOHN COWAN, The Vineyard and t-' Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, can with every confi- dence recommend a first-class GARDENER, to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may require such. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept. — Age 28, single. Four years in present situa- tion.—P. P., Clay Hill, Epsom. GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentle- man requiring a thorough practical man. — Age 30, married. Four years' good character from present employer— H. G., Long Ditton Hill. Surbiton, Surrey. G:iARDENER (Head).— Age 25, married; ' understands all branches of the profession. Two years' character. — The GARDENER, Gen. Napier, Oaklands. Cosham, Hants. GARDENER (Head).— Age 32, no family; wife as Cook or Cook and House-keeper (age zS). Can produce excellent characters as to conduct and compeiency. — The GARDENER, Linden Hill, Tidyford, Berks. GARDENER (Head). —Thoroughly efficient and great experience in all branches. Very first-clasS references. For particulars apply to E. B. JONES, Norton Priory Gardens, Runcorn, Cheshire. /^ARDENER (Head).— Age 34, married, V^ two children ; Scotch. Nineteen years' experience in first-class establishments. Six years in last situation. Unexcep- tionable references. — A. B., 90, Queen Street, Exeter. ARDENER (Head).— Age 30, married; Scotch ; has a thorough practical knowledge of every branch of Horticulture. Highest references.— GARDENER, West Hall, Weybridee, Surrey. ARDENER (Head).— Age 30 ; thoroughly practical in all branches of Gardening, and capable^ 01 undertaking the Management ofa good Garden. Testimonials of the highest order. — J. W,, Downside, Leatherhead. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept.— Age 27. married, one child: thoroughly understands all the branches. Two years' good character. — W. MUDDLE, Cooper's Green, Buxted, Sussex. ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough compe- tent man. — M.arried ; can produce good character from last and previous employers. — W. S , Mr. Cooper, Bridge Street, Godalming. GARDENER (Head); age 29, married.— A Gentleman wishes to recommend his late Head Gar- dener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical, trustworthy man.— A. P., z, Paget Street, Southampton. Febkuary S, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 191 GARDENER (Head).— Scotch, married ; upwards of twenty years' thorough practice. Can be highly recommended for abiHty and as energetic, tasteful. S:c. — Certificates and references from W, D. S., Jas. Dickson & Sons, Hanover Street, Edinburgh. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept. — Age 30, single at present ; fifteen years' experience in the Culture of Vines, Peaches, Stove and Green- house, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Can be highly recom- mended from present employer. — L. SCARTH, Great Grimsby. ARDENER (Head). —Age 34, Scotch; thoroughly practical, has served in some of the largest Noblemen's gardens in Scotland. Four years tn present situation. First-class testimonials from previous and present employer. — J. W., Mr. Cox, Fruiterer, Caterham Valley, Surrey. GARDENER (Head), where three or four are kept. — Age 27, single at present ; understands Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Can be highly recommended. — H. S., 10, Broxholm Road, Fulham, London, S.W. GARDENER (Head).— Age 46, married, one child (age six) ; Scotch. — A Gentleman can highly recommend his Gardener (who has been with him three years) to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical, trustworthy man. Disengaged next month. — F. E., Moseley Hall, Birmingham. GARDENER (He.\d), where four or more are kept. — Age 33, married, no family. Thoroughly I understands every branch of the profession. Seven and a-half ' years in previous situation : three and a-half years with present j employer. — State wages and full particulars to Y. Z., 117, West 1 Street, Farnham, Surrey. GARDENER (He.\d).— Age 33, married ; has had seventeen years' practical experience in the Cultivation of all kinds of Plants, Fruit, and Vegetables, in first-class establishments. Six and a-half years in present situation. Death cause of leaving. — G. FURBER, The t Gardens, Stanton-in-Peak, Bakewell, Derbyshire. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept. — Age 40, married, no family. The Advertiser is open to an engagement with a Gentleman requirmg the services of a thoroughly practical Gardener. Orchids. Ferns, Stove Plants, Early and Late Forcing, Fruits. Flowers, and Vegetables. Fourteen years Head Gardener. Good reference. — E. H., I, Alexandra Terrace. Penge Lane, Penge. S, I To Noblemen and Gentlemen. GARDENER (Head), age 31, married.— Lady Williams can with confidence recommend her Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good practical man. Four years' unexceptionable character. Leaving through the establishment being broken up. — G. LANE, Goonvrea, Perran-ar- Worth al, Cornwall. GARDENER (Head).— A Nobleman is desirous of obtaining a situation for a first-class Gardener, who is well versed in every branch of Horticulture, and well- known to the Horticultural Public. Could also undertake the Management of Park, Woods, &c. , having a thorough know- ledge of the same. Twelve years in last situation. Death cause of leaving. Undeniable testimonials can be produced. — T. R. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office. W.C. ARDENER (Head). — The Advertiser having been engaged for the last six and a half years in Laying-out the Grounds. Road-making, Draining, also Making New Walled Kitchen Garden, Ejection of Vineries and Plant- houses, and Planting the same at Ossemsby Manor, Christ- church, Hants, will shortly be disengaged, and would be glad to treat with any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman, requiring the services of a thoroughly practical Gardener, &c. — Address jCHARLES SMITH, as above. To Noblemen and Gentlemen. !/:i ARDENER (Head) ; age 48, married.~A iVJ Lady can with confidence recommend her Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a steady, industrious, and trustworthy man. He has a thorough know- Jed'^eofthe profession in all its branchc;, including Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Pines, Grapes, Peaches, &c., and Flower and Kitchen GLirdening. also Larid and Stock. Is leav- iiig in consequence of the estate being sold. — E. P., 6, Bainsbury Villas, Thornton Road, Wimbledon. rji ARDENER (He.4d, or good Single- VJ handed). — Age 26, single : understands the duties. Highly recommended,— H. G., Mr. Beck, Crazies Hill, Henley-on-Thames. ^ARDENER (Head, or good Second).— [V-^ Age 25 : understands Stoves and Greenhouses, Vines, ucumbers, &c. Good references. — A. Z., The Castle, Bishop uckland, Durham. ::i ARDENER (Head, Working, or good ^ Second). — Age 27, single ; eleven years' experience. — . T.. 2t, Harrow Hill Road. St. John's Wood. N.W. ARDENER (Head, Working, or Single-handed).— Age 27. married. Thirteen years' experience. Good references. — J. D., Jackson's Nursery, "^lingston, Surrey. ":j.ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 30, -A married, no family ; thoroughly understands Early and .ate Forcing, and general routine of Gardening. Good pharacter.— R. \V., Mount Pleasant, Southall. Middlesex. ^rvVRDENER (Head, Working).— Age 34, V>* married ; good practical knowledge of Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Kitchen and Flower Garden. Good rharactcr.— A. IS., i8. Jeffreys Road, Clapham, S.W. |r:j.ARDENER (Head, Working), where two Pj-' or more are kept.— Age 26 : twelve years' experience in all branches of Gardening. First-class character. State wa^es. |— H., 1, Clifton Terrace, Nightingale Road, Wood Green. N. ri ARDENER (Head, Working), where ^^ t*o or three are kept— Married ; understands G.arden- :ng in all branches. Seven years in present place. Good ;;lerences. -CHARLES GARDENER, Perryliill, Worplcsdon, Guildford. GARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 30, married, one child : understands Early and Late Forcing, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character from present and previous employers.— Mr. T. DEDMAN, Sundridge Park. Bromley, Kent. /^ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 32, V.>^ married : eighteen years' experience in the culture of Vines, Pines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Green- house Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Please state parti- culars.—H. H., Dustans, Ryde, Isle-of- Wight. r^ARDENER (Head, Working).— Married, V^ _ one in famity ; twenty years* experience in Vines, Fruit, Pruning, Kitchen and Flower Garden, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Left owing to recent failure.— G. M., May Cottage, Sidmouth, Devon. r:j.ARDENER (Head, Working), where two V^ or more are kept.— Age 41, married ; thoroughly understands Stove, Greenhouses, Vineries, Melons, Cucumbers, Fruit, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Twenty-six years' expe- rience. E.xcellent character. An abstainer.— G. K., Mrs. Sawyer, Capel Road, Bushey, Watford, Herts. r^ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 27, V_^ married, no family : well up in the management of Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen and Flower Garden. Eleven years' good character from last situation.— T. HALLETT, Brymore Lodge, Cannington, near Bridgwater. r^ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 40, VJ married ; thoroughly understands Early and Late Forc- ing, good Grower of Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, good .Mushroom Grower and Kitchen Gardener : understands Meadow Land and Stock.— JAMES ASKHAM, Cheapside, Sunninghill, Staines. /^ARDENER (He.ad, Working), where VJ three or more are kept; age 40, married, no family,- The Advertiser is open to an engagement with a Gentleman requiring the services of a Man thoroughly practical in all branches of Gardening— Orchids, Stove Plants, Grapes, Peaches, and Early and Late Forcing. Fourteen years Head Gardener. Good references.- E. H., i, Alexandra Terrace, Penge Lane Penge, S. E. /^ARDENER, where two or more are kept. — >--' Age 26 ; thoroughly practical in all branches. Good Character.— T. S.,2, Maffeys Cottage. Wells Lane, Streatham. /^ARDENER, where two or three are kept.— ^^ Age 31 ; understands Vines, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants.— W. P., Stananoughts Cottage, Aigburth Vale. Liverpool. /^ARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). y^ —Age 26, married. Good character.— A. B., Clarke's, Cobham, Surrey. (T^ARDENER (Second).— Age 24; eight V.^ years' experience. — A. HOWARD, Catlin Street. Uoxmoor. Herts. (^ARDENER (Second).— Age 24; good V.^ knowledge of Vines, Melons, and Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Good character.— A. RIX, Lord Street. Hoddesdon, Herts. a^ ARDENER (Second).— Age 24, single; V^ good experience in Vines, Melons, Cucumbers. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c. Good references.— ALPHA Mr Chitty, Seedsman, High Street. Highgate. N. r:j.ARDENER (Second, or under a good V^ Foreman in a large Garden).— Age 22; a thorough steatly, religious man. Seven years' experience — S., Mr Blackman, Meliora Villa. Bandon Hill, Beddington. Surrey. (^ARDENER (Under).— Four years' expe- VJI nence, bothy preferred.— H. SHACKLETON, Marton Koad, Gargrave, Leeds, Yorkshire. RDENER (Under).— Age 24 ; respect- c t f'l;- ,'F'°^'^^ preferred. -T. K., i, Hamiltou Road, Southall. Middlesex. G^i /^ARDENER (Under), where one or two Vc-i ^^^ kept preferred.— Age 24, single ; has good knowledge of Hower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character.— G. S , Ashlord Buildings, Milverton. Somerset. r^ARDENER (Under).— Age 23; seven V_^ y"=»rs experience in good places. Four years' good relerence Bothy preferred.-S. SAIITH, Oxford Road, o'eat Marlow, Bucks. T ANDSCAPE GARDENER, GARDEN -Li ARCHITECT. &c., to a firm of Nurserymen, or to undertake the Laying-out ol a new place, or improvement of an old one for a Gentleman. A man of, great experience and superior taste. A good Draughtsman and Accountant. Ac- customed to making estimates,— A. Z,, The Vineyard, Garston near Liverpool. ' To Nursor3Tnen and Florists. "POREMAN, or to MANAGE a BRANCH.— J- Age 36 ; experienced.— A. B,, i3, Kensington Place. Notting Hill, W. "POREMAN, in a thorough good estabhsh- r-„ ™™'-— -^i^ =7. single ; twelve years' experience,— J. C. B, 2, Laburnum Place, Bellish Street, Edgbaston, TpOREMAN, in a Private Establishment.— 7" At ■^^'^ ^^' ',"";l'"= y"''^' experi'ince in good places,— A, M, C, 5. Castle Yard, Highgate, N. "POREMAN.— Age 27; great experience -»- in each department of Fruit and Plant Growing. Highest "i . .'?S?.*^.^i"l''„ t'^stimonials as to character and ability.— JAMES CORBETT. Fair Lawn, Lytham, Lancashire. "POREMAN, in a Gentleman's Garden, or in J- a Florist's Nursery. Has good knowledge of Stove and Greenhouse PLints, Early and Late Forcing and Growing Fruit terns, and Cut Flowers for Market. Good references for honesty and sobriety.-C. CHATFIELD, i, High Street, Leyton, Essex. ' > t. . FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR of Roses, Conifera;, Rhododendrons, Clematis, &c. — Fully qualified to Grow Plants and Cut Blooms in large quantities for market, Good references. — A. B., Glenlyon House, 31, Cambridge Road, Kilburn, W. OREMAN, PROPAGATOR and PLANT grower. — Twenty-five years' practice ; good Deco- rator and Salesman. Active and energetic. — A., 40, Durham Road, Seven Sisters Road, Holloway, N. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses, where two or three are kept.- Age 20; good character if required. Near Yorkshire or Lincolnshire preferred.— E. COLEMAN Cockhurst Street, Tudley, Tunbridge, Kent. ROPAGATOR in a NURSERY.— Under- Stands the Growing and Management of Soft-wooded Plants for Market. Grapes, Cucumbers, '^cc. Please state wages. — E. S., 21. Winifred Place, High Road, Finchley, N. ENERAL PROPAGATOR (Indoors).— Thomas Townsend having filled the above position with Messrs. Rollisson, will be disengaged early in March, having filled similar positions in other metropolitian establish- ments.— Olive Lodge, Lower Tooting. ROPAGATOR and PLANT GROWER (IndoorsV— Also had practice in Bouquet-making. Good references.— J. C, Kells Place, Stanwix, Carhsle. G" " R O ^VER^andT ~P R OP A G A T O R.— Long experience in Growing for Market and Shops. Understands Propagation and Growth of Palms, Dracaenas, Ferns, Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Heliotrope, and so forth. Please state wages.— R. P., 36, Edithna Street, Stockwell, London. FRUIT and ROSE GROWER in a Nursery. —Nine years' experience.— A. B., 15, Russell Terrace, St. Clement's, Worcester. TMPROVER.— A respectable young Man, J- age 18, seeks a situation under a good Head Gardener. Two years' experience. Bothy preferred.— T. P., i, Elmwood Cottages, Elmwood Street, Leeds. rriO NURSERYMEN. — Situation wanted J- by one who has h.id some experience in Outdoor work. Good Book-keeper and Correspondent.— ALPHA, JoHrnal of Hortittiltiirc Office, 171, Fleet Street, E.G. TTANDY MAN. — Carpentering, Painting, -Li Glazing, fill up time in Garden. Two years' character from last place.— X Y.. 80, St. Ervans Road. Notting Hill, W. To the Seed Trade. UHOPMAN (Head, or otherwise).— Large yD experience in all branches of the business.— H. H.» Messrs. Minier, Nash & Nash, 60, Strand, London. W.C. SHOPMAN or TRAVELLER.— Fourteen years' experience in England, Scotland, and Ireland. Good refereqces. — A. B. C, Post-office, Chester. K INAHAN'S LL WHISKY. jr I N A H A N ' S L L WHISKY. -*-*- Pure, Mild and Mellow, Delicious and Most Wholesome. Universally recommended by the ■ Profession. The Cream of Old Irish Whiskies. Xr I N A H A N ' S L L WHISKY. -* *- Dr. Hassall says—" Soft and Mellow, Pure, well Matured, and of very excellent quality." TriNAHAN'S LL WHIS K Y. J-*- Gold Medal, Paris Exhibition. 1S78 : Dublin Exhibition, 1865, the Gold Medal.— 2o, Great Titchfield Street, London, W. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL {James Epps &» Co., Hoinaopathic Chemists.) COMFORTING C GO O A . LAZENBY AND SON'S PICKLES, • _ SAUCES, and CONDIMENTS.-E. LAZENBY AND SON, sole proprietors of the celebrated recipes, and manufacturers of the pickles, sauces, and condiments so long and favourably distinguished by the name, beg to remind the public that every article prepared by them is guaranteed as entirely unadulterated.— 92, Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square (late 6, Edward Street, Portman Square), and 18 trinity Street, London, S.E. TJARVEY'S SAUCE.— CAUTION.— The J--L admirers of this celebrated sauce are particularly requested to observe that each bottle prepared by E LAZENBY AND SON bears the label, used so many years &\z,nyi'X " Elizabeth Lazenby." ' DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. The Medical Profession for over Forty Years have approved of this pure solution as the Best Remedy for ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH, HEARTBURN, HEADACHE. GOUT, AND INDIGESTION, and as the safest Aperient for Delicate Constitutions, Ladies, Children, and Infants. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. XTOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— The Grand Secret. •^^ —With the variable temperature of this country, ill-health Will creep in unless the blood Irom time to time be purified and noxious matters be expelled from the body. In this the public may be its own physician. Holloway's Pills may be purchased at a trifling cost ; instructions for taking them will be furnished with the Pills, and a little attention, with few instructions, will enable persons to keep themselves in health under very trying circumstances. These Pills act as alteratives, tonics and aperients. Holloway's medicine should be ready for instant administration when the slightest symptom gives warning of approaching indisposition. 192 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 8, 1879. As supplied to As supplied to SUTTON'Shomown SEEDS &e., Carriage Free. Her Majesty The Queen. The Prince of Wales. PARIS EXHIBITION, 1878, SPECIAL HONOUR. FIVE PRIZE MEDALS, GOLD AND SILVER. For SEEDS. Price Lisls post-free. For POT AT OS, Price Lisls post-free. For GRASS LAWNS. Produced from our Seeds. {Ji'o our Agi-nt.) Prices on application. For PEAS and BEANS. Price Lists post-free. For FLOWERS Produced from our Seeds, Treated with LE FLORAL. {To our Agent.) THE DISTINGUISHED ORDER OF CHEVALIER OF THE LEGION OF HONOUR Has been conferred on our Managing Partner, Mr. Martin J. Sutton, SPECIAL RECOGNITION OF THE REMARKABLE MERITS OF T}IE EXHIBITS OF HIS FIRM. AND AS A SPECIAL RECOGNITION OF THE SERVICES rendered to HORTICULTURE AND AGRICULTURE. THE BEST NOVELTIES OF THE SEASON Will be found described in SUTTON'S AMATEURS' GUIDE ( Together with the opinions of eminent autJiorities). Post-free for Is. 3d. Gratis to Customers. THE BEST RIDGE CUCUMBER. PRICE, Is. 6d. Per Packet, Post-free. Post-free. SUTTON'S KING OF THE RIDGE. This valuable and distinct variety has been pronounced by all who have tried it to be the best Ridge Cucumber yet sent out. Unlike other Ridge varieties, this grows quite straight, from 12 to 16 inches in length, very level and uniform ; in fact it is equal to a first-class frame Cucumber. It is remarkably smooth and imribbed, which considerably enhances its value in the market. Very productive, hardy and vigorous, and for market garden purposes unequalled. From the Right Hon. Viscount EVERSLEY'S Gardener. " Your Kiug of the Ridge is the best Ridge Cucumber I liave yet seen. It grows as straight as possible, a rare occurrence with this kind of Cucumber." From Mr. A. W. WALKER, East Riding Bank. "The King of the Ridge Cucumber has done wonders, and is at present full of beautiful fruit." ALL SEEDS Post-free (except Peas and Beans). iMswcfo om ALL GOODS Carriage-free (by Rail, if 20J, value). THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING. FIVE PRIZE MEDALS, GOLD AND SILVER. For SEEDS. Price Lists post-free. For POTATOS. Price Lists post-free. For GRASS LAWNS. Produced from our Seeds. CFo our Agent.) Prices on applicaiion. For PEAS and BEANS. Price Lists post-free. For FLOWERS Produced frrrn our Seed?, Treated with LE FLORAL. ( To our AgenI). Eilitorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Olfice, 41. Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bkadbijry, Agnbw, & Co. , Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of MiddlesM, and Published by tit William Richards, at the Office, 41, WelUneton Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, February 8, 1879. Agent for Manchester— John Hbvwood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Msnzies & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE fynhMn^ 1841. A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS. No. 268.-V0L. XI. {s^kIes.} SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 15. 1879. j Registered at the General Post Office as a Newspaper. Price 5d. Post Free, sh^^ CONTENTS. Amateur gardene.s Ants, Peach blossoms destroyed by . . .. Ash, disease in the Bees as fertilising agents Birds and iruil trees Bottom-heat Bruss«ls Sprouts, rival . . Bulbous-roots, treatment of Camellias at Tredrea . . ,, Pseony-flowered .. Christmas Roses in pots Cocoa-nut husk for Orchid growing . . Combe Abbey gardens, plants in flower at Dendrobium leucochlo- rum Elms in Windsor Park .. Florists' flowers, dressing Florist societies . . Forestry . . Frost, destruction of plants by Fruit prospects, our Garden operations Garden plants, eflfects of frost 00 . . Grape, Golden Champion Ireland, landscape gar- dening in Limatodes labrosa Mushroom seats (cut) Odontoglossum pulchel* lum majiis Onion, Trebons .. Orchids at Tredrea ,, in flower ,, Mexican, &c. Palermo Botanic Gardens (with cut) Peach blossoms destroyed by ants . . Peaches and Vines, win- ter dressing Pear. Vicar of Winkfield Phylloxera, measure to eradicate Plants, new garden Plants, self-defence f> among . . Potato, Champion Puccinea malvacearum, origin of Roots, swellings on Societies ; — Royal Horticultural .. Trees in Kensington Gar- dens . . . . . . Tulip mania, a remini- scence . . Villa garden, the Vines bleeding . . Vines for table decora- 210 ] tion (with cut) . . 202 Weather, the 213 Wiring walls 2[t :;io 202 208 2tl 212 212 202 701 209 209 213 210 209 206 204 216 212 Now Ready, in cloth, 16s., "THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE J- VOLUME for JULY to DECEMBER. 1878. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. R Y S T A L P A L A C E .— FLOWER SHOWS. 1879. SATURDAY. May 24, GREAT FLOWER SHOW of the Season. SATURDAY. June 28. GREAT ANNUAL ROSE SHOW by the National Rose Society. Schedules will shortly be ready, and will be forwarded to applicants and previous exhibitors. OYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICUL- TURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER. HORTICULTURAL MEETING at the Town Hall, Manchester, i8th of MARCH NEXT. The GRAND NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHI- BITION of 1879 will open in the Gardens. Old Traffurd, MAY 30. For Schedules apply to the undersigned. BRUCE FINDLAY, Curator and Secretary. Royal Botanic Gardens, Manchester. SHROPSHIRE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. -ROSE SHOW, July, 3; GREAT SUM- MER SHOW, August 20 and 21 : CHRYSANTHEMUM and FRUIT SHOW, Novemberao. Schedules from the Hon. Sees , Messrs. ADNITT and NAUNTON, Shrewsbury. WAKEFIELD HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. — The TENTH ANNUAL EXHI- BITION of PLANTS, FLOWERS, FRUITS and VEGE- TABLES, will be held in the Grammar School Grounds on FRIDAY and SATURDAY, August 29 and 30. Schedules ready March i. ALFRED PICKARD, Secretary. York Street, Wakefield. To the Trade. JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT, and BEALE find it necessary to announce that, in con- sequence of the unfair use made in many instances (by re- naming, &c.) of the privilege they have granted by the sale of electros of Seeds and Plants, of which Messrs. Carter are the Proprietors — they are reluctantly compelled to DISCON- TINUE THEIR SALE from this date. High Holbom, London, W.C. — Feb. 13, 1879. c c Five riARTER'S, the PREMIER SEED Gold KJ HOUSE at the PARIS EXHIBITION. Medals, Illustrated Catalogues gratis and post-free. Awarded Paris, l-'ive GOLD MEDALS, including the only Gold 187S. Medal for Grass Seeds. Caution.— No other English Seed House was awarded live Medals at the Paris Exhibition. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London, W.C. EAST LOTHIAN STOCK, in the three distinct colours, extra superior strain, seed saved by the original raiser of this celebrated stock, per packet ly. to 2j. bd. each. Trade supplied ; price per ounce on application. ORMISTON AND REN WICK, Melrose, N.B. PLANTS — SPECIAL. HARDY NORTH AMERICAN ORCHIDS. DISA GRANDIFLORA, &c. See CATALOGUE, post-free on application. The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY. Colchester. Roses. Fruit Trees, and General Nursery Stock. WB. RCAVE solicits the inspection by . Nurserymen of his extensive stock of the above, which are well-grown, and fit for removal. Barbourne Nurseries, Worcester. AUL AND SON'S Standard FRUIT TREES, most important for all Orchard Planters to see, as years are gained by planting good tree^. The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, N. To the Trade only. LIANTHUS DAMPIERI.— A fresh importation of Seed just arrived in splendid condition. Price on application. ERNEST SENARY, Erfurt, Germany. To tlie Trade. CLIANTHUS DAMPIERI. HURST AND SON have received a Con- signment of New Seed of the above, and will forward special offer on application. 6, Leadenhall Street, London, E.G. Garden Seeds. HARLES TURNER'S Descriptive CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, containing Kveral interesting and valuable novelties. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. EW ROSES for 1879.— A selection of the very best only ; the finest plants in the trade : ready m March. LIST gratis, and post-free. Mr. H. BENNETT, Manor Farm, Supleford, Salisbury. AMERICAN PLANTS.- Lilies, Ferns, &c. Price LIST sent ( NORTH Orchids, application. EDWARD GILLETT, Southwick, Mass., U.S.A., Collector of Native Plants, &c. NGLISH OAKS.— Tall straight Standards E S o feet high, las. per too, ;^8 Zs. per looo, for cash. I. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. CREST TREES, Seedling and Trans- planted. — The very extensive stock of the above is this season in splendid condition. CATALOGUES on application. The Lawson Seed and Nursery Company (Limited) Edinburgh. PRUCE FIRS.— A quantity of strong stuff for sale, 2 feet high, at -ys. per 1000. J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries. Merriott, Somerset. PRUCE FIRS for Christmas Trees, well formed. 2 to 3 feet high. 30J per too RICHARD SMITH anu CO., Nurserymen. Worcester. PANISH CHESTNUT, ASH, BIRCH, ALDER and HAZEL— Stout, well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold- Mr. GEO. CHORLEV, Coaster's Nursery. Midhurst. EW CUCUMBER.— Stanstead Rival is a genuine novelty, and will take its place as the best Cucumber grown. Sealed packets 2^. €d. each. The Trade supplied. lOHN LAING AND CO.. Seedsmen, Forest Hill, S.E. DREADNOUGHT CUCUMBER. — The finest Black-spine, and the best paying market variety extant : warranted true. Seed, five for ir., fourteen for is. 6d. POPE AND SONS, I70, 121, 122, Market Hall, 3, Great Western Arcade, Birmingham. p H I N A RAFFIA.— Stronger thl^ V^ Madagascar Raffia. We have received a small direct consignment, which we can offer at a very low price. Samples on application. SANDER AND CO., St. Albans. RCHID BASKETS and RAFTS, suspending, in all sizes. Teak-wood Rods, rounded Edges, flush or extending Ends, fastened with Copper Wire, well finished. Also m Bamboo and Clay, FERN and other BASKETS, &c. Lowest prices on application. C.J. BLACKITH and CO,, Horticultural Agents. Cox's Quay, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. Gentlemen's Gardeners, Amateurs, and Otliers REQUIRING ARDEN POTS of best quality, are requested to send their orders to J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery. Weston-super-Mare. Price List on application. ANTED, 100,000 or more QUICKWOOD THORNS, not less than 24 inches in height above ground. To be good, strong, healthy plants. Quote price by letter to P. Q. , Deepcar Post-office, near Sheffield. WANTED. Transplanted LARCH, 2 to 2^ feet, and i]^ to 3 feet ; must be stout, welt-rooted, and have perfect leaders. Send three or lour fair average Plants as samples (doubled up), by post, with the lowest price, to H. & F. DICKSON AND SONS, Upton Nurseries, Chester. WANTED, Two Dozen Smooth CAYENNE PINES, in 8-inch pots, or smaller ; must be clean and healthy. State particulars and price to JAMES VEITCH AND SONS, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W. G Every One Who Has a Garden Should Read SUTTON'S AMATEURS' GUIDE, the most Practical Work on Gardening yet published. Post-free for fifteen stamps, gratis to customers. UTTON'S AMATEURS' GUIDE is the Best Book of its class that has come under our notice, and if regarded as a Trade Circular is certainly a remarkable production. In the printing and getting up it is a model of elegance throughout; it contains a considerable body of literary matter, and it weighs 13 oz.— Gardeners* Magazine, Dec. 29. UTTON'S AMATEURS' GUIDE is beautifully Illustrated with several Coloured Plates and nearly 500 Engravings. UTTON'S AMATEURS' GUIDE contains all necessary information for the successful Cultivation of Vegetables, Flowers, and Potatos. Post-free for fifteen stamps, gratis to customers. UTTON'S PRICE CURRENT, gratis and post-free on application. UTTON'S DESCRIPTIVE LIST of SEED POTATOS is now ready, and may be had gratis and post-free on application. Q U T T O N AND SONS, k3 The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. EDRUS DEODARA SEED, just arrived from India in splendid condition. Sample and Price on application to HENRY CLARKE and SONS, 39, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Healthy Plants in Pots of L ILIUM AURATUM, the Golden-Rayed Japanese Lily, per dozen, iSi', , 24s., and 30J. BARR AND SUGDEN, 12, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. R U I T I N G PLANTS of PEACHES, NECTARINES. APRICOTS, and GRAPE VINES, a large and fine stock, now offered for Sale. THOMAS RIVERS and SON, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Roses, &c. THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited). Edinburgh, respectfully request the attention of intending planters to their most extensive and superior stock of the above. CATALOGUES on application. OLD MEDAL BEGONIAS.— Seed saved from our unrivalled collection of named varieties, in sealed packets, is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. post-free. Special offers to the Trade. JOHN LAING AND CO., Nurseries. Forest Hill, S.E. Fit for Immediate Working. ROSA MANETTI and R. MULTIFLORA DE LA GRIFFERAIE, 25^. per 1000. ^10 per 10,000. A. M. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK, Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, near Zwolle. Netherlands. Vines -Vines— Vines. J COWAN, The Vineyard, Garston, near • Liverpool, is now offering a large and splendid stock of strong, short-jointed, and thoroughly ripened GRAPEVINES, suitable for fruiting in pots and planting Vineries. Catalogues free. The Trade supplied. LILIES and' GLADIOLI.— For the best list of choice named Lilies and Gladioli, see our Illus- trated GUIDE for AMATEUR GARDENERS, 104 pages imperial size, beautifully illustrated. Gratis and post-free on application. DANIELS EROS,, Royal Norfolk Seed Establishment, Norwich. O BE DISPOSED OF, very cheap, as the ground must be cleared, roo.ooo strong ALDEK, ASH, CHESTNUT (Spanish), and QUICKS. Apply to E. TANNER, Nurseryman, Groombridge, Sussex. EEDLING BEECH. — One-year Seedling Beech, fine, at 2J. per loo ; large quantities at reduced price. Apply to H. W. HUIVIPHREYS, Nurseryman and Seedsman, Bangor. To the Trade, &c. ASPARAGUS, GIANT. — Splendid Roots for Planting, in immense quantity. EWING AND CO., Norwich. HE CHAMPION POTATO.— Fine samples, for Seed, of this and other leading kinds. Prices on application to The LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited), i, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh. HAMPION POTATO is acknowledged to be, both in Kent and Scotland, the best Farmer's or Field Potato ; most reliable in all soils and seasons, and its extended cultivation yearly is most marvellous. Price per ton on application. H. O R M S B Y , Swanley, Kent. OTATOS for SEED. — The Champion, Paterson's Victoria. Rock, Dalmahoy. Fortyfold, Snow- flake, &c. Prices on application to I JAMES YOUNG, Seedsman, Brechin, N.B. 194 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 15, 1879. SALES BY AUCTION. SALE THIS DAY AT HALF-PAST TWELVE PRECISELY. Important Sale of Roses direct from the Nurseries of the celebrated Grower, Mr. E. R. Cant, of Colchester. MR. J. C. STEVENS is favoured with instructions fiom Mr. Cant to submit for SALE, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C, on SATURDAY. February 15, at half-past 12 o'CIock precisely, a valuable assortment of the newest and choicest Standard, Half- standard, Dwarl. Pillar, and Climbing ROSES. The plants are of the finest description, and may be relied upon as being true to name. They will be sold wiihoiit reserve, as the ground upon which they are growing must be cleaied. Also a quantity of Hardy TREES and SHKUBS. FRUir TREES, HERBA- CEOUS PLANTS, GLADIOLI, LILIUMS, SPIR/EAS, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Rare Lilies. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from the New Plant and Bulb Company to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY, February 17. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, splendid LILIUM AUR.\TUM. in magnificent condition ; importation of rare INDIAN LILIES. a fine collection of the choicest Hardy LILIES, collection uf Hardy American ORCHIDS. Disa grandifiora, rare Green- house flowering BULBS, the new SPIR/EA PAI.MATA ELEGANS, the splendid new Bulbous Plant FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Periodical Sale of Poultry and Pigeons. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, on TUESDAY, February i8, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, DORKINGS, BRAHMAS, and AYLESBURY DUCKS, from Mr. T.avlor ; SPANISH and DARK BRAHMAS, from Mr. A Heath ; DORKINGS, from Mr. T. Bromwich : SPANISH, from Mr. Trotince ; young CARRIERS, from Dr. D.niglas ; CARRIERS, from Mr. Palmer ; also a quantity of ether choice PC^ULTRY and PIGEONS, from the yards and lofts of we'1-known breeders and exhibitors. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Hardy Plants and Bulbs. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY. Februarv 19, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, first-class Dwarl ROSES from France, Standard and Pyramid FRUIT TREES, Specimen CONIFERS. Hardvand (.Irnamental 'IREES and SHRUBS GLADIOLI. LILIU.MS. ANEMONES. RANUNCULI' TIGRIDIAS. SPIR.EAS, LILY of the VALLEY. ,'4c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. ■Vanda coerulea-Specimen Plant. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38 King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY. February 50. a magnificent specimen plant of VANDA CCERULEA. the pro- perty of the late C, Lane, Esq , and grown by William Smith, which has been exhibited before the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society four times, and has been awarded three Cultural Certificates and the Gold and Silver Banksian Medals. On view morning of Sale, and Catalosues had. Odontoglossum Londesboroughianum (Rchb.). MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Messrs. J. Backhouse & Son, of York, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY. February 20, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, 235 Plants of the magnificent new ODON- TOGLOSSUiM LONDESBOROUGHIANUM (Rchb) (see special advertisement in this week's Gardeners' Chronicle'] Also a quantity of fine plants of CYPRIPEDIUM IRAPE- ANUM, which has pure yellow flowers of the form of C, spectabile, and 4 inches across, as many as seven flowers being borne on one spike, nearly hardy; EPIDENDRUM FAL- CATUM.a rare and I'.oble Orchid, very distinct ; LjELIA PEDUNCULARIS, a rare and very distinct species recently received from their collector in fine healthy tults. Magnificent masses will also be found of La;lia anceps. L. autumnalis. and L. albida. Epidendrum nemoiale, E vitellinum majus. far ex- ceeding that we have ever hitherto ofl'ered ; several plants of the rare and charming BARKERIA ELEGANS. Odonto- glossum Rossiimajiis, t_attleya citrina. &c. Noble established specimens will al.-o be offered of Bollea ccclestis. Odontoglossum vexillarium, O. Phatenopsis. O. nebulosum, Dendrobium in- fundibulum. &c : many of these are already showing bloom. On view morning of .Sale, and Catalogues had. Valuable Orcblds. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street Covent Garden, W.C, on FRIDAY, February 21. at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, the valuable collection of established ORCHIDS, the property of R. O. White. Esq., The Priory, Lewisham, including fine and healthy plants of rare varieties'. Grand importation of Epidendrum vitellinum majus, just received in splendid condition : Dendrobium superbiens, D bigibbum, raie Masdevallias, Calanthes, Cypripediums. &c. ; 6000 fine bulbs of Liliiim auratum, just arrived from Japan iii splendid condition : 5000 Gladiolus Brenchleyensis, 500 double Italian Tuberoses, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Consignment of Plants from Ghent. ' R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street Covent Garden, W.C, on SATURDAY, February 22 at half! past 120 Clock precisely, a consignment from Ghent of choice double CAMELLIAS, with flower-buds ; fine and new Indian AZALEAS PALMS. YUCCAS, CONIFERS hardy hybrW strong RHODODENDRONS. &c. ; ROSES FRUIT TREES, HARDY PLANTS, GLADIOLI, LILIUMS d?T^r'^J?r^?^- ranunculi; SPIR,BAS, LILY of the VALLEY, etc. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. M500 Odontoglossum Rossi! majus. R. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Mr. F. Sander, of St. .Albans to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on MONDAY, February 24, at hal?-past ^^D^.f^,")^ precisely, an exceptionally fine lot of this fine cool ORCHID, in extraordinary large masses The plant in flower comes fr.^in the same locality as those offered for sale. O 1 view morning of Sale, and Cata'ogues had. Orchids from New Grenada, Mexico, &c. MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. on MONDAY, February 24, at hall- past 12 o'clock precisely, a varied collection of imported ORCHIDS, comprising Cattleya Mendelii, C. gigas, Epiden- drum vitellinum majus, Odontoglossum Alexandra, and a large number of other cool Odontoglots ; Phalsnopsis of several kinds, and a great variety of other Orchids, mostly cool. On view morning nf Sale, and Catalogues had, Eare Hardy Plants. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on SATURDAY, March r. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a first-class lot of HAKDY PLANTS, consisting ot Sparaxis pulcherrima. Senecio pulcher. Polygo- natums, Anthericums, Daphne Blagiana, hardy Fuchsias, Lobelias. Hellebores in variety, hardy Dahlias. Spiral pal- mata, Platycodon grandiflo'um and others, Nerine japnnica, Amaryllis Intea, Hemerocallis of sorts, ' Geum, new double ; " Dodecalheons, several varieties; Primula denticulata, Primula Stuarti, and an entirely new species from Kashmir ; IJegonias, Stobce-ts, and many others. Also a fine lot of North American ORCHIDS, TRILLIUMS, and others ; home-grown LILIES, consisting of beautiful bulbs of Wallichianum, californicum, Humboldtii, Washingtonianum, Brownii, eximium (true), and a number of other first-class varieties ; an importation front the Cape, consisting of immense bulbs of Hsmanthus, Drimias, Ornithogalum, &c. ; 6000 fine bulbs of Lilium auratum from Japan; Gladioli, Anemones, Ranunculi, and Spira;as from Holland, On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues bad. Preliminary Notice of an Important Sale of Plants. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Lady Dorothy Nevill to offer for SALE by AUCTION, EARLY in MAY, the magnificent COLLECTION of PL.^NTS at Dangstein, and which for many years has been one of the most extensive and interesting in the country. Auction Rooms and Oftices, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, ' Important Sale of about 200 choice Double Camellias, English-grown, 2 to 4 feet, compact Plants, beautifully set with bloom-buds. Choice AZALEA INDICA, ERICAS EPACRIS, and other GREENHOUSE PLANTS, a splendid assortment of 500 handsome Standard and Dwarf ROSES of the beit vars . selected Hardy CONIFER/E, SHRUBS, and AMERICAN PLANTS, fine FRUIT TREES, choice LILIUMS, RANUNCULUS. &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at the City Auction Roon.s, 3S and 39. Gracechurch Street, E C, on TUESD.-W, February 18, at r2 o'Cl'ck precisely. On view the n.orning of Sale Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C., and Leytonstoiie. E. Important Sale of Lilies from Japan, &e. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at the Man, Tokenhouse Yard lopposite the Bank ol England, on MONDAV Februaiy 24, at half-past 11 o'CIock precisely, an importation of 5000 un- usually fine LILIUM AURATUM in splendid condition, also of LILIUM TIGRINUM PLENUM. L. KRAMERI THUNBERGIANUM and LONGIFLORUM. also a con- signment from the Cape of BKUNSVIGIA MULTI FLORA and others; HYACINTHUS CANDICANS. ANOMA- THECA. IMANTOPHYLLUM MINIATUM. AMA- RYLLIS. CALADIUMS, PANCRATIUVIS, NERINES. and other first-class PLANTS. Also good flowering BULBS of the beautiful Lilium neilgherrense, a magnificent colleciion of ENGLISH-GROWN LILIES of immense size, consisting of Wallichianum. Humboldtii, Washingtonianum, Brownii, giganteum. Szovitzianum, parvum. Kraetzerii. and other su- perior kinds; a quantity of BEGONIA FRtXBELLI m flower, VEITCHII and other varieties ; GLADIOLI in variety. 2,003 American TUBRROSES. 500 do. the Pearl ■ together with a colleciion of COOL ORCHIDS, such as Odontoglossum Alexandra, O. cirrhosum, O. Rossii majus, O. madrfinse, membranaceum. and others. Catalogues of the Auctioneers, 98. Gracechurch Street, E C. Tooting S.w! On FEBRUARY 25. 26. 27 £.nd 28, In Liquidation —A'f Wm. Rollisson & Sons. CLEARANCE SALE of the SECOND PORTION of the INDOOR STOCK. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by the Trustee to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nurseries, Tooting, S.W., onTUESDAY, February 25. and three following days, at 11 for 12 o'CIock precisely each day. the remaining portion of the extensive collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, comprising several beautiful specimens, many of them of the newest and most handsome species known, and including fine plants of Bollea ccelestis, strong plants of Odontoglossum vexillarium, fine specimens nf some of the best Dendrobiums, such as crassiuode, suavi^simum, and thyrsiflorum, each with about thirty stems : the handsome Findleyanum. extra fine plants of D. oigibbumi also of the new and beautiful superbiens. Masdevallia tovarensis M. bella, M. Harryana, M. ignea, and M. Davisti ; large plants of Gncidium ampliatum majus, O. macranthum and O. Papiho ; Odontoglossum AlexandiiE, O. cirrhosum madrense, Leopardinum hystrix and citrosmum ; fine strong plants of the scarce Pescatorea Roezlii and Dayana alba. Cymbidium eburneum ; several fine Cattleyas, including Dowiana exoniensis superba, and others ; also a large and varied assortmentof choice STOVE PLANTS, PALMS, and FERNS, including the new and beaiitiful 'I'illandsia caracasana (not yet in commerce), T. Rollissonii, a considerable number of Dracaenas, a quantity of D. Haageana ; thousands of Gloxinias, Tydeas, and Achimenes; several Aspidistra lurida variegata, Cocos Wed- delliana. Areca Verschaffeltii. Pritchardia filifera. Kentia Wend- landii, Geonoma Portii, Dennstaedtia davalioides Youngii ; Adi^ntums, Marratias, several specimen Tree Ferns, including Cyathea dealbata and Dicksonia antarctica : a large collection of NEW HOLLAND and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, com- prising thousands of Camellias and Azaleas, amongst which are se\eral specimens and half specimens, hard-wooded Heaths, Large quantities of the new Pult.-enia rosea, Boronia clatior and megastigma, eighty Yucca fiiamentosa variegata, Daphne indica rubra, a quantity of young hard and soft-wooded Heaths, Epacris ; together with a few lots of choice CONIFER,^ RHODODENDRONS, planted in open ground, TEA ROSEs' CLEMATIS, WALL TREES, &c. May be viewed. Catalogues obtained on the Premises of G. WHIFFEN. Esq., the Trustee, 8, Old Jewry, E.C ■ of Messrs. LEWIS, MUNNS and LONGDEN, Solicitors, 8, Old Jewry, E.C. ; and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. and Leytonstone, E. N.B. The FREEHOLD ESTATE of 5 acres, with the Glass and other Erections, to be LET or SOLD. Apply to the Auctioneers. ■West Ham and Plalstow, near Stratford, E. CLEARANCE SALE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Holmes- Nursery, adjoining the Vicarage, West Ham ; also at McPher- sons Nursery, High Street, Plaistow. on 'TUESDAY, February 25. at 12 o'CIock sharp, the whole of the well-grown NURSERY S'TOCK, comprising large quantities of specimen Conifera; and Evergreen Shrubs, 500 yards of Box Edging, thousands of Aucubas of various sizes, 2000 strong Irish Ivies 6 to q feet in pots ; 5000 bushy green Euonymus, i to 3 feet| fine stufl" for potting ; extra strong trained Fruit trees, choice Standard and other Roses, &c. May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Prsmises, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, EC, and. Leytonstone. E. The Royal Nurseries, Ascot, Berks. PRELIMINARY NOTICE. Important Four Days' Sale of remarkably well-grown NUR. SERY STOCK, in splendid condition for removal. IX/TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS -l-'X are instructed by Messrs. Standish & Co. to prepare for SALE by AUCTION, on TUESDAY. March 11, and three following days, many thousands of handsome CONIFER/E and EVERGREEN SHRUBS of all sizes, also of choice AMERICAN PLANTS, a considerable number of FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES, TEA ROSES, and other Plants in pots. More detailed particulars will shortly appear. Preliminary Notice of "FORTHCOMING SALES -L of Nursery Stock, by Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS. MARCH 5.-EXOTIC NURSERY, Tooting, S.W.. by order of W. R. Parker. Annual Sale of extra thriving youne Nursery Stock, Plants in pots. &c. MARCH 7. -The NURSERY. Leigham Court Road, Streatham. Final Clearance Sale of the whole of the Valuable Nursery Stock. In good condition for removal. MARCH It and i2.-Ttie NURSERIES. Taunton, Somerset, by order of Mr. W. Hockin, Final Clearance Sale of the remaining Nursery Stock and Glass Erections. Catalogues may be had at the Auctioneers' Offices, 08, Grace- church Street, E.C. Surrey (4560), 3 miles from London Bridge. TpOR SALE, a small ELORIST'S J. and JOBBING BUSINESS. Rental nominal. Price for Stock, six modern Greenhouses. 21 years' Lease, &c , only £yc- Good cause for disposal. Details and orders to view of PROTHEROE ANu MORRIS, as above. T Herts (4577). O SELL, a BUSINESS, in good position, near a Station. Dwelling-house and Shop, over 2 acres of Land, and over 3000 feet super of Glass. Rent ;£ 50. Price for Lease, some Glass Erections, and good Stock, ,£450. Orders to view of PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, as above. To Florists, Gardeners, Fruiterers, and Others. 'T'O BE SOLD, IMMEDIATELY, a , thoroughly genuine BUSINESS, situate main thorough, fare, S.E. Incoming ^^230. or any reasonable offer. Proprietor having so much on his hands and illness sole cause of selling. Every facility given. Address, for fuller particulars, &c., A. B. Z., Gardeiurs' Chronicle Office. W.C. Nursery and Market Garden nno BE DISPOSED OF, a small NURSERY J- and MARKET GARDEN, with good connection, in a thriving neighbourhood. No other Nursery within 30 miles. For particulars apply to H. W. HUMPHREYS, Seedsman, Bangor. "CpOR SALE, 200 Acres of good LAND, -L being Lot 7 on the 8th concession of Vesper Township, with House and Barn, and 40 Acres of clearing, about thirty- four of which are under grass and six will be cropped. There IS a good spring of water, which might be diverted for irrigating purposes. It would make a good Stock Farm when cleared. 'The timber consists of Cedar. Black Ash, Tamarak, S:c , and suitable for fencing, railway ties, &c. The Mmesing Road touches the top corner of the Farm and the North Simcoe Rail- way the bottom coiner. There will be a station close by, and two stores and several churches, and blacksmith and wheel- wright's shops on the adjoining concession. The distance Irom Barrie, the county town, is about 8 miles. The price is .£700, half of which might remain on mortgage at S per cent Apply to JOHN MORREN, iMinesing, near Barrie, Ontario, Canada. F OR DISPOSAL, a FLORIST'S and FRUITERER'S BUSINESS, doing a good trade at full prices. First -class West-end thoroughfare. Very attractive Shoa, Large House and Garden. Rent nearly cleared. Only .£150 required for Lease, Stock, Fixtures, &c. Owner taking a country nursery. Mr. E. MORLEY, Auctioneer and Valuer, 27, Edgware Road, W. Horticultural 'Valuations. IVTR- EDWIN COOLING, Licensed -l-'J- V.1H ER. undertakes the VALUATION of all kinds of HORTICULTURAL PROPERTY. Terms on application. Mile Ash Nurseries, Derby. U T T O N ' S PAMPHLET on Laying Down and Improving LAWNS, CROQUET GROUNDS and CRICKET GROUNDS, May be had gratis, post-free, of SUTTON .\ND SONS, Tne Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. TTEPATICA TRILOBA, Double Blue.- -*--^ Strong plants. 36^. per 100. CUCUMBER. Rollisson's Telegraph, and ABIES DOUG- LASH, true seeds, to be sold cheap. A. RIEMSCHNEIDER, Nurseries, Brandenburg-on-Havel, Germany. 15,000 Irish Wes in Pots. WFROMOW has the above, strong, • from 2 to r2 feet high, and other Green and Variegated varieties, at low prices for Cash, delivered free within 6 miles of Nursery. Sutton Court Nursery, Tumham Green, London, W. February 15, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 195 The Finest Primula of the Season. First-class Certificate, E H. S. Jan. 14, 1879. i;UTTON'S RUBY KING.— )0 " Most striking and magnificent in appe.Trance." — Gardejtcr^' Chrenuic. Price 5^. per packet, post-free. The Finest Primula ot the Season. Large SUver Banksian Medal, R. H. S. Jan. 14, 1879. BUTTON'S RUBY KING.— O " Quite surpasses all the crimson Primulas we have hitherto seen." — GanUucrs Mugiicinc. Price ^s. per packet, post-free. The Ilnest Primula of the Season. Deep Blood Red Perfectly distinct. QUTTON'S RUBY KING.— iO " The most beautiful of the Chinese Primulas."— (7rt» 6s. per ton. Fine and good samples, to be sold for prompt cash. Free on rails. New 4 lb. 4 bushel sacks, i^. 2d. each W. W. JOHNSON AND SON, Seed Growers and Mer- chants, Boston, Lincolnshire^ T R. PEARSON'S CATALOGUE of NEW t) • GEKANIUMS, including the three beautiful NEW CAPE PELARGONIUMS which were certificaed at the Preston Show, is now ready, and will be forwarded on applica- tion. Chilwell Nurseries, Notts. HEAP ORCHIDS.— Good flowering Bulbs of Calanthe vestlta rubra and Pleione Wallicliu, i8j. per dozen, or £6 per 100. Also a few good plants of Ccelogyne cristata. Apply to S. WOOLLEY, Cheshunt, Herts. Roses, Roses. DOWNIE AND LAIRD are now sending out the above, the Finest Varieties in Cultivation, at gs. per dozen, selection left to D. & L. Royal Winter Gardens, Edinburgh. Special Offer. WM. AND D. STEWART have large quantities of fine transplanted LARCH, z to 3 feet, 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet. Prices on application. Ferndown Nurseries, Wimborne, Dorset. EBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERTS AND OTHER NUTS. Persons desirous of obtaining Trees of the above, grown by the late R. Webb, of Calcot, should give early orders to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. CATALOGUES post-free on application. EBB'S CHOICE POLYANTHUS AND OTHER SPRING PLANTS. Early orders-are solicited for the above choice plants. Apply to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. Dahlia Pot Boots. THOMAS BURY begs to offer the above, in all the leading varieties, at iSs. per 100. Cash with order. The Nurseries, Osbaldeston, near Blackburn. To the Trade. SEED POTATOS.— Our SPECIAL LIST, containing all the best English and American varieties grown by us the past season, may now be had, post-free, on application. H. AND F. SHARPE, Seed Growers, Wisbech. Genuine Seeds. TOHN LAING and CO.'S Annual fl CATALOGUE of Kitchen Garden, Flower and Farm Seeds and Implements, will be sent free to all applicants. Orders above zo^. carriage paid. Stanstead Park, Forest Hill, London, SE. BLACKTHORN for Covert Planting, one million of strong transplanted, los. to 15s. per 1000. I'HOMaS PERKINS AND SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. 196 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February ij, 1879. Planes and Limes. WM. PAUL AND SON have a large Stock of PLANES and LIMES, from 3 10 20 feet high, from 20i. per loo, to 151. each. PAUL'S Nurseries, Waltham Cross. N. E E D POTATO S.— Snowfl.^ke and Late Rose. 10s. per cwt. Red-skinned Flourball. 7s per c*t. Price per ton on apphcation. TiJOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery. Nouh.impton To the Trade. CEANOTHUS DENTATUS. J AS. CARAWAY anu CO. offer Strong Plants of the above, in pots, 6j. per dozen, 40^. per i^o. JAS. GARAW^Y and CO.. Durdbam Down, Clifton. Bii.^tol. HEASANT-EYED NARCISSUS.— Bulbs of this sweet-scented Narcissus, loj. per bushel, f.5 per ^ bushel. 3? fid. per peck. Terms cash wiih^ order. Package free. Post-office orders payable at Vauxhail Cross to Mrs J. E. ALUEKSON, Langley Lane, South Lambeth, Surrey. STERS, STOCKS, BALSAMS, &c. — Get vol"" supply of the above direct by post from the best growers in Germany, and save from 20 to 30 per cent, on prices usually charged. For particulars and Priced LIST (■jiaiis and post-free), DURANT AND SONS. North Tawton, Devonshire s The Best Early Pea. UTTON'S EMERALD GEM. w From Mr. P. Pirie, Gr. to the Right Hon. Lord Stanley of Alderley.— " Your Emerald Gem Pea is the earliest variety I have grown. Sown wi'h other early sons it came in fully a week before them, and is very productive and of good flavour." Price 2^. td per quart. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queens Seedsmen, Rcidinc Choice Herbaceous Calceolarias. ts. 6d., 2S , and 3^. per dozen, post-free. M. POTTEN'S CATALOGUE of good Seeds at moderate prices. Post-free to all applicants. Camden Nursery. Sissinghurst, Staplehurst, Kent. VERGREEN OAKS.— A large quantity for sale, 4 feet, 5 feet, 6 feet, 7 feet, and 8 feet, at ex- ceptionally low prices ; also Standards, 6 feet stems, good heads. Prices on application to J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. Three Really Good Things. CUCUMBER.— New Improved Telegraph, 12 seeds, is. per packet. GOURD.— Peiurion or Mammoth, is. per packet. CELERY —Dixon's XL, red, is. per packet. 1 packet of each for 30 stamps, post-'ree. JOHN E. DIXON, Seedsman, Gainsborough. Special Cheap Offer. To SEEDSMEN. MARKET GARDENERS, and OTHERS PEA, Jeyes' or Payne's Conqueror. About 20 quarters. Handpicked, 15^. per bushel ; iiis. per quarter, iamples on application to W. BALL AND CO., Bedford Road Nursery. Northampton TANDARD ROSES, 3 to 4 feet stems, wuh good heads, 755, per 100. J. IRELAND, The Nurseries, Rawleigh. Barnstaple, Devon. ■JVTAHONIA AQUIFOLIA. — Transplanted, -LT-L 6 to 12 inches, 12.1. per 1000 ; i to ij^ foot, 20J. per 1000. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. TOCK PLANTS of VERBENAS.— We have at the present time a large stock of the above, which for vigour and freedom from disease cannot be surpassed ; they are very bushy, and bear already large quantities of clean healthy cuttings. Price 16^. per loo, or 140J. per looo. LIST of 42 sorts may be had on application to KEYNES AND CO., Salisbury. A few good STANDARD and DWARF ROSES still unsold. COTCH GROWN SEED POTATOS.— The following unsurpassed main crop varieties, genuine and sound, viz. :— Dalniahoy Early. Edinburgh or Red Bog Early, Fortyfold, Dunbar Regent, Patersan's Victoria, Walker's Early Regent, and Rintoul's Early White Don, 5^. per bushel. CHAMPION REGENT, true, 4s. per bushel. TODD AND CO., Seedsmen, Maitland Street, Edinburgh. To the Trade. MR. H. BENNETT has Surplus Stock to offer of DWARF ROSES. Madame Rothschild. Marquise de Castellane, Etienne Levet, Duchesse de Vatom- brosa, and Madame Prosper Langier. Also TEA ROSES (on seedling Brier stock) of old Devonlensis, Catherine Mermet, and Marie Van Houtte. Price on application. Manor Farm Nursery Stapleford, SaUsbury. ASPARAGUS, ASPARAGUS. — Strong roots, 2-yr. old, Conover's Colossal and Giant, 15J. per xooo. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. Cabbage Plants. CABBAGE PLANTS.— Can now supply the following good strong healthy plants : — Early Battersea, Early Nonpareil, Early Entield Market, Early Oxheart. Robin- son's Drumhead, and Red Pickling Cabbage. Prices on application. W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, near Guildford. Pure Seed Potatos. All Potato Growers, previous to making their purchases of Seed Potatos, will do well to send for DBRINKWORTH and SONS' Special • SEED POTATO CATALOGUE^ containing all the best English and American varieties grown especially for Seed, and of iihe_choicest quiUty. Cheaper than any other grower, post-free to all applicants, D. BRINKWORTH and SONS, Potato Growers, Reading, Berks. CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS, JAMES VEITCH & SONS, ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. AaUILEGIA CALIFOBNICA HYBKIDA. Novelty, a very beauiiful and distinct variety. Per packet, is. 6d. AaXJILEGIA CCERULEA. HYBRIDA, Novuhy, a charniing vaiiety. Per packet, is. 6d. BEGONIA. Finest H>l)rid, carefully hybridised, and saved fiom our celebrated cjlleclion. Per packet, 2.^. t>d. CALCEOLARIA, International Prize Strain. Per packet, is. 6d. CALCEOLARIA. D.dktiili Strain. Per packet, us. 6J. CEL03IA PYRAMIDALIS PLUMOSA. A very choice strain, sclecttd with great care. Per packet, is. CINERARIA. Veitch's Superior Strain. Per packet, is. 6d. CINERARIA. Cove.it Garden strain, tire habit, large showy fljwe'S. Per packet, is 6d. COCKSCOMB. McLachlan's Gla<:guw Prize Dwarf Crimson. A remarkably fine variety, with very large combs uf brilliant deep crimson. Per packet, 2S. 6d. CYCLAMEN PERSICUM. Finest Prize Strain. Per packet, 2^. 6d. ESCHSC HOLTZI A CBOCEA FLORE-PLENO. Flowers of a biight orange colour. Per packet, 2^. (d. ESCHSCHOLTZIA MANDARIN. Novelty, a beautiftil and distinct variety. Per packet, is, 6tf. GLOXINIA. From our superb Cullection. Per packet, i^. 6d. MiaNONETTE, MILES' NEW HYBRID SPIRAL. A new and very distinct variety. Per packet, i^. MIGNONETTE, aUEEN VICTORIA. An exceedingly fine stout-growing variety, of pyramidal branching habit, wiih large, rich, orange-coloured flowers. Per packet, 6/. PETUNIA GBANDIFLORA EIMBRIATA FLORE-PLENO. New large-flowered, double fringed Petunias. Per packet, is. 6d. PETUNIA HYBRIDA. Choice striped varieties, in superb mixture. Per packet, is. PRIMULA SINENSIS FIMBBIATA. Veitch's Superb Strain, Red, White, and Mi.\ed. Each, per packet, 2S. 67. Our Prijnulas ivere awarded a Special Certijicate by the Royal Horticultural Society , for superior quality. " Messrs. Veitch exhibited a group of Primulas which ad- mirably represented their splendid strains of these flowers." — y'lA^ Gardeners' Magazine. January 18, 1879, in their report of Special Primula Show, Royal Horticultural Society. STOCK, EAST LOTHIAN. A splendid variety, of dwarf compact habit, and very double. Per collection of three colours. Scarlet, White, and Purple. Per packet, is. 6d. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. FLOWERS ALL THE YEAR ROUND, AND SENT ALL OVER THE WORLD. A few 0/ the most Invaluable Features in H. C's FLORAL GUIDE^ which a?-e more of a thorough practical 7iature and points 7'e- qnzred than any ever before put in print : — The true secret and certain way of raising seeds with the least trouble — seeds with the merest life will be sure to germinate. How to treat rooted cuttings or little delicate plants. How to feed plants to attain the height of perfection and first prizes. How to effectually exterminate the greenfly and other insects with the least cost and without injury to the plants. How to make and what to make our carpet beds of, with many choice designs and key to the same. Permanent bedding, full particulars, which system must eventually become the order of the day. How to have the greatest glare of flowers all the winter with little expense. The cause of our innumerable sickly plants, and how to have them healthy and continue in flower for a long time. How our market plants so soon become shabby, and how to keep up their beauty so as to become doubly valuable, wiih a practical select list of all the many families of florist flowers, with an abimdance of other information of most inesiimable value to all who have a garden. H. CANNELL, F.R.H.S,, The Home for Flowers, Swanlcy, Kent, Vines —Vines —Vines. BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that • his stock of VINES is this year unusually fine, and comprises all the leading kinds, including " Alnwick Seedling." For descriptions and prices, see B. S. W.'s BULB CATA- LOGUE for this year. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, London, N. STANDARD RHODODENDRONS.— Good varieties, with clean-grown stems and very fine heads, 7i. dd. to loj. td, each. WILLIAM IRELAND, Pilton Nurseries, Barnstaple. T^HE DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE -L of FRUIT TREES is now ready, and will be forwarded, free by post, on receipt of three penny stamps. CATALOGUES of RO.SES and ORCHARD-HOUSE TREES post-free on application. THOMAS RIVERS and SON, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. Just published, free on application, a complete DK .S C R I P T I V E PRICED LIST of our unrivalled Collection of Tuberous BEGONIAS. Awarded Gold Medal at South Kensington, and First Prize at Pre>ton.-JOHN LAING and CO., Forest Hill, S.E. A New and Brilliant Primula. pARTER'S VESUVIUS.— Brilliant scarlet. V^ " For which a world-wide popularity may be sa'ely predicted." — Gardeners' Magazine. Price -zs. 6d per packet, post-free. See STERLING NOVELTIES, a short Catalogue profusely illustrated with the best New Things of the Year, gratis and post-free, from CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn. London. WM. PAUL AND SON'S' stock of ROSES is large, of excellent quality, and uninjured by fro«t. Standards, 15^. per dozen and upwards ; Dwarfs, gs. per dozen; CI mbers, ds. per dozen. Priced Desciiptive CATALOGUES free by post. Paul's Nurseries, Wahham Cross. N. NGLISH YEWS.— Extra transplanted and well furnished, 3 'to 4 feet, 91. per doaen, 60s. per 100; 4 to 5 feet. lis. per dozen, gof, per ico. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34. Drapery, Northampton. To the Trade. GOOSEBERRY (Crown Bob). — 5000 and upwards of good 3-yr , £'^ per 1000. Cash with order. CHRISTMAS QUINCEY. Potato Grower and Merchant. Peterborough. AMPTON COURT BLACK HAM- bURGH VINE.— Strong fruiting well ripened Canes of this well known Grape. 5^. . js. tid., and lar. td each : Planting Canes, 3^. dd. each. Also a ^ood stock of most of the best kinds. T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston, Surrey. To tlie Trade. NEW POTATO, •■ PRIUE of ONTARIO." Hand F. SHARPE are now sending out • the above most prolific and handsome shaped new Potato. Full description and price may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Roses, Fruit Trees, &c. WILLIAM FLETCHER'S CATALOGUE for the present season is now ready, and may be had on application. The stock is very large and most healthy. The Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey. '^rODEAS.— Healthy young plants of T. -1- superba and T. hymenophylloides (pellucida), free and safe by post, -is. td, each for prepayment. Trade price (low) per 100. or lesser quantities, on application. ROBERT SIM, Sidcup Hill Nursery, Foot's Cray, Kent. REES lox AVENUE PLANTING.— Elms, Poplars, Beech, Oaks, Evergreen Oaks, Horse Chestnut, Limes, &c., at very low rates for cash. J. GEO. HILL (late Scott), The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. Now Ready. EWING AND COMPANY'S LIST of New Roses for 1879 is a most select one of the best New English and French varieties. Gratis and post-free to applicants. EWING AND CO., Eaton, near Norwich. To the Trade. SEED POTATOS. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to • make special offers of all the leading varieties of SEED POTATOS they have grown this season. The prices will be found very advantageous to purchasers. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. OREST TREES.— Alder, Beech, Birch, Chestnut. Elm, Spruce, Silver and Scotch Firs. Hazel, Hornbeam. Oaks, Thorns, and Yews, at very low prices for well-grown stuff. J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries. Merriott. Somerset. OWN IE AND LAIRD, Royal Winter Gardens, Edinburgh, are now sending out their New Show and Fancy PANSIES, also VIOLAS, PENTSTE- MONS, PHLOXES, &c., which they warrant all first-class flowers. Older varieties of the above by the loo or 1000. Price on application. SPARAGUS PLANTS.— Conover's Colossal, 2-yr. plants, is. 6*1. per 100, 22J. per 1000 : Giant, 2-yr. plants, is. per 100, xjs. td. per 1000. No charge for packing. CHRISTMAS QUINCEY, Potato Grower and Merchant. Peterborough. EEDLINGS for TRANSPLANTING.— Common HOLLIES, r -year, 5^. per tooo ; MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, i-yr., 3^. 6(/. per loco : Common LAURELS, i-yr. cuttings, 15^. per 1000; BLACKTHORNS, 3-yr. drills. 6,1. per 1000. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery. Northampton. February 15, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 197 SUTTON'S SPECIAL PRIZES, CONSISTING OF GOLD, SILVER and BRONZE MEDALS, VALUABLE MONEY PRIZES, AT Tlie Royal Horticultural Society's Meetings during 1879. Particulars now ready, and may be had on application to SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading, Berks. THE NOVELTY OF THE SEASON. GILBERT'S NETTED VICTORY MELON. The only white-fleshed Melon that was awarded a First-class Certificate by the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1S78. It is a good grower, free setter, and of a most exquisite flavour. Price, per pkt. of six seeds, 2f . 64 25 Five kundrsi pthet kiiuis in st:ck. No charge for bags. Free on rail. Norwich, on receipt of Post- office Order or Cheque. Much clieaper by the ton. DANIELS BROS + M0RWIGM.* CRANSTON'S NURSERIES Established 1785. EIGHTY ACRES. ROSES, FRUIT TREES, CONIFERS, FOREST TREES, &c. Descriptive and Priced Catalogue for 1878 tto-dj ready. CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD. Address — SUTTON'S CYCLAMEN FOR DECORATIVE PURPOSES. SUTTON & SONS Can supply fine bulbs, full of flowers, unsurpassed for colour and form, as under : — SUTTON'S NEW CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM ROSEUM SUPERBIUM. 6s. and 7s. 6d. each. CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM ROSEUM, Sutton's new variety of 1877 .. ,. GIGANTEUM ROSEUM ALBUM .. „ PERSICUM ALBUM, pure white „ PERSICUM MARGINATUM, rosy white with red base .. .. .. 1 6 ,, 2 6 „ PERSICUM ROSEUM, rose with carmine base . . . . . . . . i 6 „ 2 6 „ PERSICUM ROSEUM ALBUM, white with red base . . . . . . x 6 ,, a 6 From the Gardeners' Chronicle, December at, 1878. — "I can fpeak in terms of high praise of Sutton's strain of Cycla- men. '—J. Clarke, Gr. to Lord Hastings. Each. d. s. d. 6 and 5 o 6 and 3 6 6 to 2 6 THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN. READING. Vecetabie&FlowerSeeds Seed Potatos.Tools&c JB^ST 'Quality ' €AJBMm.GiE Ebiee. AirjEJD Catal. 170.) 'T^^'llE presence of poisonous alkaloids consti- -L tutcs another means of defence. Thus ru- minants will not eat such plants as Nightshade (Belladonna), Monkshood (Aconite), Hellebore, Thorn-apple (Datura), P.cony, \'cratrum, and Hemlock (Conium). Many plants arc protected by their poisonous milky juices, as the Spurges (Euphorbiic), Poppy, Chelidonium, and others. In the Strychnos nux-vomica the poison strych- nia is contained in the seeds, its whole object being to prevent them and the young plants contained in them from being injured ; the fleshy parts of the fruit being quite harmless and eaten by the natives. This eatable part surrounding the seeds entices birds to swallow them, that they may be distri- buted after and by passing through the creatures' bodies. Bitter Almonds are com- paratively safe from the attacks of mice, whereas sweet Almonds are much injured by them. In addition to an almost endless series of poisonous plants, there are those which con- tain essential oils having a pungent aromatic odour or taste. Thus the Fennel, Anise, Cara- way, and others, have otherwise unprotected seeds, which are safe from the attack of birds on this account. In Brazil, the Lime alone of all the Orange tribe is distasteful to the leaf- cutting ants, probably owing to an oil, similar to that which gives the strong taste and odour to Orange peel ; and this fact has decided the fate of the tree, for it is the only species of the tribe which has been able to establish itself beyond the limit of cultivation, the Orange, Citron, &c., only growing where protected by man. Turpen- tine in Fir leaves serves as a protection against cattle. The aromatic flavour of Mint is a defence against browsing animals, and as it is frequented by a large number of insects it affords an analogy to the Nettles and Thorns which are resorted to by butterflies and birds to rear their young. Flowers are usually more acrid than the plants which bear them, and are thus protected from destruction by browsing animals and other foes, by being uneatable. Caterpillars will die of hunger rather than eat the flowers of the plants whose leaves form their natural food. There remain to be noticed certain means of defence which concern the welfare of the species more obviously than that of the indi- vidual plant. For example, the nectar secreted by a flower is but a bait to attract certain insects, which, in obtaining this nectar, become dusted with pollen ; and in carrying this pollen to other flowers of the same species cross-ferti- lisation is eflected. Many flowers are so con- structed that the nectar can only be obtained when the visiting insect has helped to fertilise the flower, thus becoming delicate traps adjusted to certain sized insects. Herein lies a danger ; for where a bee or moth pushing his way to the nectar gets dusted with pollen in the proper manner, an ant or other small insect mightcrecp in and steal the nectar without benefiting the plant. So that creeping insects are all very unwelcome visitors, and are as far as possible e.xcluded by flowers. The adaptations by which this is effected form the subject of a highly interesting book by Professor Kerner, of Inns- bruck, entitled, Flowers and their Unbidden. 202 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Fehruary 15, 1879. Guests, recently noticed in these columns, p. 48. In connection with this p;ut of the subject ants appear as robbers, against whose thefts self- defence in plants becomes necessary. The flowers of plants growing in water are usually unprotected except by the water, and none of the means which land plants are obliged to adopt are needed by them. These are of several kinds. The leaves of the Teasel join together round the stem, forming a cup in which the dew and rain collects, and which is remarkable from the numbers of dead insects usually found in it. Thus every pair of leaves forms a pool of water, effectually barring the progress of honey-seeking ants, whilst the number of bees around the _flower- heads shows the presence of nectar, and the necessity for this protection. Another common form of defence is shown by the milky juices of plants becoming sticky on exposure to the air. Thus Professor Kerner found, by placing some ants on a Lettuce, that their feet pierced the epidermis of the plant sufficiently to cause the milky juice to flow; this quickly hardened so as partially to glue the ants on to the surface of the leaves, their struggles to escape making matters worse, and resulting in many of them being firmly glued down and killed outright. The flower-stalks of some plants are furnished with glands which secrete a sticky matter, thus preventing the ascent of creeping insects. A striking example of the economy of Nature is seen in the development of these protective glands ; thus the Polygonum amphibium (so called from its habit of li\'ing either in water or on land) bears sticky glands on the land variety, whereas the water-inhabiting kind is quite smooth and glandless, no protection but the water being needed. In many flowers arrangements of hairs form effective defences against creeping insects, and much curious and interesting information on the subject will be found in Professor Kerner's book. Dr. F. Darwin reminded his audience that his subject naturally leads the observer 10 make a far closer study of the minute details of plant structure than botanists are usually in the habit of doing. For example, the systematic botanist or the pure physiologist would attach little im- portance to a tuft of hairs, a region of sticky glands, a system of thorns, spines, stings, or the presence of aromatic substances and virulent poisons ; whereas the man who associates dis- tinct functions with all these details, and who strives to understand their collective influence on the economy of Nature as well as their origin, will be likely to discover in every minute detail of structure a clue to the uses it is intended to serve, and to trace their development through the principle of natural selection. Abstract from a Lecture delivered at the London Insti- tution by F. Darwin, Esq., M.B., ALA. New Garden Plants. LutATODES LABROSA.t ^ A very curious novelty. Mr. Harry Veitch kindly informs me it has bulbs like those of Calanthe Veitchii, that is, long and jointed in the middle. I have at hand a raceme quite like one of Calanthe veslita, hairy, rather loose, with membranous ob- long acute bracts half as long as the hairy pcdi- celled ovaries. The flowers, of course, arc very distinct from those of the just-named well-known plant. The sepals are ligulate acute, light yellowish brown, tinted with purple inside. Petals broader, purple inside. Lip angulate with prolonged spur, with a cuneate base and a much dilated, wavy blade, cucul- late around the short column, retuse at the apex. It is light purple, white in the throat, covered with small dark purple spots. The spur proceeds not out of the base of the articulate lip, but from the very base of the column, just over the base of the prolongation, which IS exceedingly curious when regarded morpho- \_L,mttodcs lab.osn, Rchb. f — " Pseudobulbo elongato articulaio constr.cto ; pedunculo piloso racemoso plurifljro ■ bracteis membr.inace.s oblongis .icutis pilosis ; ovarii pedicel- atl p.losi d.midnim non ajquantibiis ; sepalis triangulis tepalis latioribus; Jabello a basi cuneata ddatato flabellato crisoo retuso columnam mvolvente, linea media baseos tabular! elevata : calcari pilo50 in basi culumn;c supra uiiguem ovario psdiceilato brevion ; tenui : columna trigona crassa. Sepala Hjva intus purpvueo-lavala. Ttpala intus purpurea. Laljelli lamina aquose purpurea : fundo albo guttuhs purpureis Ex Moulmein, imp. ct col. cl. hort. Veitch. H. G. Rchb /. logically. It is cylindraceo filiform, acute, covered with short hairs, shorter than the stalked ovary. The column is semiterete, short, plump, white at base, light purple above and at the back, and white in front, with four light purple lines under the stigmatic hollow. It was introduced by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons from Moulmein. //. C. Rchb. f. Dendrouium leucochlorum, k. sp.° This makes one think at first sight of that group of Stachyobia, of which U. barbatulum may be regarded the type ; but the flowers are single. They grow in pairs in the wild plant sometiines, as I see from old remainders. It has thin cylindrical shining bulbs with pellucid sheaths, whose vascular bundles are rather prominent. These bulbs have thin, shining, very hard woody stalks, and at the very base of the thick bulbous part appears the fresh bulb, also stalked ; sometimes it also proceeds from the base of the joints, stalked once more. Then from the joints of the stalk appear short sessile bulbs. Thus, the species would appear to be very curious as to its Ijuds ; yet it is to be wished that these statements may be contrasted for their constancy with richer materials, though I was assisted in a very satisfactory manner by Messrs. Veitch. Of the leaves I know nothing, yet from some old vascular bundles I might of course be- lieve, which is almost probable, that they are flat. The flowers are as great as those of D. sphegidiglos- sum and barbatulum and chlorops. The peduncular base is covered with several small sheaths. Colour of flower is white. The long acute extinguisher-shaped chin spur nearly equals the stalked ovary, and is angu- late, as if it were broken in the middle. Sepals tri- angular, lateral one, of course, extended in their part of the chin spur. Petals a little broader. Lip three- lobed, side lobes oblong, abrupt in the middle, an- terior lobe protracted, broad, retuse. Disk between side lobe with short muriculi, radiating red veins over side lobes, also outside, where the surface is greenish. Column very short, with the three teeth of the andro- clinium, green on the back. Stigma with six trian- gular lobes — whether constantly or not may be seen. I found the same case in Dendrobium Cambridgeanum once, and later I saw but common stigmas. Of course I controlled all the described Stachyobias, in case it might be a starved variety of one. But no species is coincident. It comes from Moulmein, and flowered at the Royal Exotic Nursery of Messrs. Veitch, from where it was kindly sent (January). H. G. Rchh.f. MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN ORCHIDS (Ax Alphabetical List of all the Species HITHERTO Published t), With a Short Historical Introduction. Although the sources of new species seem to be almost inexhaustible, the Orchid element in the flora of the world is probably better known than that of any other of equal extent and importance — better known in the sense that a larger proportion of exist- ing forms have been collected, described, figured, and, it may be added, cultivated — yet no general synopsis of the genera and species h.as been published since the .appearance (1830-1840) of Lindley's Gcitera and Species of Ori/tidaceoiis Plants. In the absence of such a work it is difficult for amateurs, and even for botanists having access to large libraries, to find the descriptions of many of the species. Dr. Reichen- bach, as almost everybody knows, is working assidu- ously and almost continuously at this family ; but it takes a long time to marshal probably not less than 4000 species into their proper places. Meanwhile the following list, though doubtless incomplete as to published species, and imperfect as to synonymy, may be found useful for reference, though limited to the Orchids of one part of the world. The publica- tion of this preliminary list, too, may lead to greater perfection in its final form, which will include exact localities, collectors' names and numbers, and other details. We have set down the probable number of species of Orchids at 4000, which may be wide of the mark, though it will do for our jnirpose. In the first ■ Deiitlrdhiitm icuccchloi itm. n. sp. — (Eudendrobium). — Pseu- dobulbis cylindraceis canaliculalis crassiusculis longius stipi- tatis : racemo i— a-floro; sepalis triangulis, lateralibus in nientum extinctoriiforme extensis : tepalis oblongis acutis aiquilongis ; labello medio trilobo, lobis lateralibus obtusatis, loljo medio producto lato retuso, disco inter lobos laterali, muriculato ; columna brevi, androclinio tridentato. Perigo- nium album calcari vlridis. Labellum album, extus viridiila flavidulum, nervis purpureo lineatis in lobis lateralibus, Hut should presume their roots were not cut, as the practice might not then have been thought of. 3. The two circumstances frequently occur in the growth of the same tree, but the one is not dependent upon the other. Trees in a valley gene- rally grow tall, and their roots in consequence of depth of soil go deep down, and requiring little anchorage against the wind in such situations the roots do not spread out, but take a downward direc- tion, less or more according as the soil is congenial, and the exposure gentle or severe. The same class of trees in the same locality, but upon higher ground, grow more bushy and spreading in the top, and their roots correspondingly spread, partly on account of the soil being less deep, and partly on account of the wind shaking them and causing their roots to expand as an anchorage, which is their security against being blown down. ~ 4. This is not the case, .as has .already been shown by many of the tallest trees having no central or tap-root at all, and others, whose main root is a tap one, being short of stem, spreading and bushy. 5. Transplanting is an unnatural thing, but so is almost everything subservient to man's requirements. Removing a tree at any stage of growth, less or more retards its growth ; but in the case of very young plants the suspension of growth is scarcely perceptible, and, as found in practice, the advantages gained by far outweigh those that are lost by the operation. 6. Trees succeed better directly grown Irom seed than by any other means, but it is found that sow- ing in the forest is much more expensive than planting, and the expense thus incurred makes planting prefer- able to sowing. In the first place, seed cannot be sown without first breaking the surface, and rendering the soil fine and suitable, and the seed must either be sown so thick as to incur the risk of crowding the seedlings, to their destruction and uselessness, or so thin as to cause many blanks, requiring future fillin" up. Again, the innumerable enemies that attack and destroy the seed, as mice, rats, birds, and insects of various kinds, render sowing hazardous and dis- appointing, not to speak of rabbits and other vermin ready to nip off the plant as it emerges from the earth. Therefore, when the advantages are put in the one scale, and the disadvantages in the other, it is found that by growing the plants in the nursery, as now done, and transplanting them out when of a proper .age and size to suit the soil, herbage, enemies, &c., lar outweighs those of sowing as suggested. 7. Trees lifted out of unprepared ground, such as common forest land, are not so well rooted as those grown in finely prepared nursery soil, and therefore, more deaths occur, and those that succeed are so seriously interrupted in growth as to lose several years' growth by the change. The work, too, would be so much more difficult and expensive, that the price of the plants would be small in comparison with it. S. Those trees undisturbed would certainly have the precedence in growth, and might maintain it to a certain age ; but each class at their respective term of maturity might in the same soil and site be equal. Transplanting very young trees, we may again repeat, retards their growth imperceptibly, transplanting larger ones usually retards it more ; but the simple act of transplanting can have no permanent injurious effects upon the health, development, and constitution of the tree. C. Y. Michie, Ciilkii IfoKsv, Cu/kii, 7""- 31. The Effects of the Frost in Plant-houses. — One effect of the severity of the continued frost has been to show the risk attaching to the wintering of tender plants in glass-houses destitute of means for artificial warming. In many cases, through the rapid appearance of the frost at its greatest intensity, it found many plants pretty moist at the roots, for, fancy- ing the mild weather would continue till the opening of the new year at least, many Villa gardeners watered their plants as long as the weather kept mild and open. Then came with sivift suddenness the howling wind from out of the north, flinging the white-robed storm over the face of the earth, and laying hold of every particle of soil it was free to fasten upon. Many plants have had to succumb to its pitiless attacks, and jobbing gardeners who had scraped together collections of bedding plants for the spring and housed them for the winter in all kinds of struc- tures, m.any of them unfitted to cope against the terrible odds of damp and frost combined, have lost their all of plant acquisitions. This loss, followed by a lengthened spell of frost that has kept them out of employ, has made the opening year one of trial and sadness for many of them. Plants have also suffered from excess of care. Some had allowed the soil about the roots of their plants to become dry on the approach of Christmas, and when the /rost came they were found congratulating themselves that their forethought had aided them so far ; but during five weeks or so no water could be adminis- tered, for it was unsafe to do so. There was also the baleful accompaniment of drying and shrivelling north and east winds with severe cold ; added to these the use of paraftin lamps and other contrivances to hedge round with a cordon of safety the plants to be pre- served, rendered the internal atmosphere drier still, and for want of moisture at the roots plants have been literally dried up, stem, branch, and leaves. Particu- larly has this been the case with large-flowered Pelar- goniums that had made a free growth during the mild open weather that preceded December. Some of the more succulent zonals have suffered from the same cause, and berried Solanums, Indiarubber plants, Rochea falcata, Hoya carnosa, Abutilons, &c., show signs of the fierceness of the strife. The more matured and ripened the wood the better have they stood ; the youthful ones, full of sap and vigour, have succumbed before such an onslaught. Let those who endeavour to winter a few plants in unheated structures remember this in the future, as a useful lesson taught by the frost — that the plants that are most matured by October stand the best chance of surviving the severity of the winter with comparative safety. An examination of the large-flowered Pelargoniums shows that the leaves are dried up — they have withered while full of sap. The best thing to do is to plunge the pots in slightly warmed water and allow the balls to become thoroughly soaked and then permit the moisture to drain ofl" as quickly as possible. This should be done only when the temperature without is above freezing point ; and also during the morning, so that the soil may become as thoroughly drained as possible before evening. If the weather threatens frosty at night, these watered plants should have the warmest part of the house, and be afforded some extra protection by covering them withnewsp.apers, or some such cold-resisting agency. It will not save the terminal shoots, but it may preserve the bottoms, and leave something from the wreck out of which plants may be built up in spring. A certain mitigation of the effects of frost has taken place in the case of large plants standing on the floor of a greenhouse exposed to frost, being raised on in- verted flower-pots. It is now customary to build Villa residences with basement floors, and as the first floor is raised some way above the ground level, the con- servatory, so called, is placed on the same level also. To avoid the exclusion of light from the kitchen and other offices below, the conservatory is supported on pillars, leaving the floor open to the action of the elements. These are always wretchedly cold houses in winter, being open to the attacks of frost beneath as well as above. Anything therefore that raises the plants from olf the floor during the times of frost is a certain step in the direction of mitigating its effects. KITCHEN CAKDEN. The extent of the havoc which is caused by the late protracted frost in this department is every day becoming more apparent, for we now find whole plots of Broccoli entirely destroyed, midwinter Cabbages rendered perfectly unusable, and winter Greens, comprising Brussels Sprouts, Cottagers' Kale, and other kindred kinds of winter stuff mate- ri.nlly injured ; in addition to these we must also enumerate other subjects, .as intermediate crops of Lettuce and Endive, early sown Peas and Cauli- flowers, pricked out at the base of south walls, all of which have suffered most severely, so much so as to necessitate the replacing of a large proportion of * them ; but, however deplorable these results may now appear, we may nevertheless be assured that withal the \ery elements which have produced so much mischief will ultimately be productive of much good also by pulverising and ameliorating tentative and other soils. Further, it will be a means of destroy, ing myriads of insect and animal pests in various st.ages of development, which, under other more favourable conditions, would in time become so numerous as to be positively almost ruinous in some respects. Amongst the subjects which have been very much injured, which will require immediate attention, will be the early sown crops of Peas. These are proverbially a precarious crop generally, and the appearance of them at the present time most surely confirms the truth of this maxim. Fortunately, however, this crop can be supplemented at this period without the ultimate issue bemg much delayed. For this end dift'erent modes of preparation for planting are usually adopted. Some sow in drills made on the under side of moderately fresh cut turf, others use boxes or pans, in which the seeds are sown moderately thick together, and some employ small pots, in which an individual seed is placed. \Ve have occasionally done this ourselves with new or scarce varieties in- tended for exhibition purposes. Either of these plans can be recommended, providing that after vegetation is animated the plants are carefully managed to pre- vent them being drawn up weakly. To avoid such a condition let them be placed in a cool frame or pit near the glass, and ventilated freely. In planting out such plants, particularly those from boxes or pans, it is important that the roots be placed so as to run downwards at once. See therefore that the drills are made deep enough for this purpose, and, after being removed in this way, a little shelter should be afforded by means of Yew tree branches or those of Beech having leaves on them. Make successional sowings in drills out-of-doors as soon as the state of the ground will admit of drills being drawn. On this occasion sow amply of both early and second early kinds, and JIarrowfat sorts likewise. See also that proper protection is provided for any crop which is just emerging from the soil. We find narrow nets to be most eflectual for this, and these are fixed by means of forked sticks being placed at suitable distances, and heathers, such as are commonly used in making hedges, laid along them. At many places the soil will be in that state that some time must elapse before it can be prepared for seeding purposes ; in the meantime, however, by the aid of a plank or two of suflicient length to go across the borders, many things may with jiropriety be advanced, such as planting the early borders of Potatos, sowing advanced crops of Carrots, Radishes, and Peas likewise, if they are to occupy such a place, or any other matter, as planting out Cabbage, &c. The closer in hand all such matters can be kept now will prove to be very advantageous hereafter, when other matters, as the sowing of the general crops of Onions, Carrots, Parsnips, &c., will be demanding attention. These can be proceeded with at any time after this, when circumstances will admit of the seed being put into the ground properly. The operation of the late frost has materially loosened the soil about the winter plantings of Lettuce and Cabbage ; as soon, therefore, as the surface soil will allow these beds should be gone over, and the soil about the plants made moderately firm again. In order to set at liberty as quickly as possible after winter is over the ground which is occupied by Spinach make sowings at once in quantities sufficient to meet the case. Forcing Department.— Potatos.— The sets of these which have been advanced in other places should be planted out when the growths have attained from 2 to 3 inches in length. Let such be carefully lifted and planted. Keep the frames close for a few days until the roots have taken to the soil ; afterwards on all suitable occasions ventilate freely, to prevent the haulm being drawn up rapidly. Carrots.— Thin out early sown crops to about 3 or 4 inches apart, and without further delay get the secondary crops in, between which Radishes may be sown without doing much harm. As the cro]5s of Rhubarb and Seakale become exhausted the roots should be removed and preserved for making fiiture plantations. G. T. Mila, tVycomlii Aliiij. February 15, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 2Qri FRUIT HOUSES. Vines. — Although the weather has become milder, the continued absence of sun is unfavourable to early forcing, and it is more than probable that well kept late Grapes will be in great request through April and JNIay. To have these really good and thoroughly ripe by the end of September, the n^ost economical way is to encourage Lady Downe's, Mrs. Pince's BlacU Muscat, Alicante, and other winter kinds, with fire- heat, aided by fermenting material from this lime for- ward, in preference to running the risk of a contention with a cold summer, when double the amount of autumn tiring will not compensate for the time lost in the spring, when forcing goes with, instead of against Nature. Assuming that last year's crop was re- moved from the Vines to the grape-room early in January, and that the internal borders have been top- dressed with fresh loam and crushed bones, a good supply of tepid Wi.ter at a temperature of 90° may be given towards the end of the month. Let the tem- perature of the house range from 55' at night to 65° by day, with a rise of 5° more from sun-heat. Keep strong young rods in a horizontal position, and insure an even break by syringing three times a day. Attend to the disbudding and stopping in succession-houses ; tie down the young shoots before they touch the glass, and .allow the first laterals to extend when it is thought desirable to cover vacant parts of the trellis with foliage. Remove all surplus bunches from free- setting varieties before they come into flower, and collect pollen for fertilising Muscats. This operation is very simple and interesting, taking up little time if performed with a good-sized camel-hair pencil. Pot Vines carrying full crops of fruit will now take liberal supplies of tepid liquid. If plunged where they are to remain until the Grapes are ripe, the roots may be allowed to ramble away from the pots, and the fruit will be fine in proportion to the number of clean, healthy leaves that can have e.xposure to sun and light. ]V. Coknian, Eastiior. TirE Cherry-house. — Our artificial temperatures in this house during the late frost ranged from 35° to 45° at night, according to the state of the outward pressure ; and at about 50° in the daytime regularly. The condition of the weather has now become the opposite e.vlrenie : under these circumstances we shall therefore extend the ranges of the temperature accordingly, and mamtain at least 5° more constantly. This may be done without at all being detrimental to the satisfactory progress of the inmates. At the present time the trees here are in a satisfactory state of excite- ment ; already the buds are rapidly unfolding, and ere long this compartment will present a beautiful aspect of soft silvery-looking flowers of the clearest white- ness. However, before this is actually the case, and without waiting to discover the least trace of insects, give the trees an application of clear and moderately strong quassia-water, liy so doing at this period it will not only prove to be most destructive to their existence, but afterwards will be found to be both economical and wise. Let any alterations in the way of introducing fresh trees into this house be completed without further delay, and take precautionary measures beforehand so that shading may be api^lied to such trees whenever sunshine is powerful, and in order to promote the re-establishment of such trees as quickly as practicable they should be lightly sprinkled more frequently, and other surrounding surfaces moistened similarly. In connection with this matter, and for the purpose of having a supply of suitable trees on hand to meet emergencies of this kind, which surely happens at times more or less frequent, the importance of making provision for this object cannot be too strongly recom- mended. It is a very commendable practice to devote a wall exclusively to such purposes, where, by plant- ing a few trees annually or every alternate year from which a supply may be drawn to meet any require- ments which are needful under such an arrangement, the object would specially be to prepare the trees for removal elsewhere. For this end it will therefore be necessary to keep the roots as near the surface as pos- sible, and to promote their extension flatly. This will necessitate having a perfect bed of drainage 18 inches or thereabout beneath the roots, to prevent these from striking ycrs, Bur/onl Lodge, Dorking. 208 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 15, 1S79. THE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1879. APrOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Monday, Feb. 17 — Sale of Rare I.ilics at Stevens' Rooms .%^i, f Sale of Roses, Fruit Trees, Palms, Came Wednesday, teb. ig -j jj^^ ^ ■- ._ * Thursday, , &c.. at Stevens' Rooms, p K nn / Mcctiiiji of the Liiincan Society, at 8 r.M. rci). zo ^ ^^^^ of Orchitis, at Stevens' Rooms. Feb 21 4 ^■^'''' "*^ Collcciion of Orchids, at Stevens' Sale of Plants from Ojicnt, at Stevens' ooms. Fcb^'l'to, IN the lately issued pait of the Journal of ilie Royal Hortiiiiltiiral Socic/y, whicli we are glad to see appearing with more regularity than heretofore, is a notice, with illustrative woodcuts, of a DISEASE in the Ash, by Mr. Wilson Saunders. Mr. Saunders' paper was originally read as a communication to the Scientific Committee, and it describes a condi- tion of the Ash which must be familiar to all observers. " It first appears," says Mr. Saun- ders, " as an irregular crack in the bark with a raised rufescent margin. This crack soon assumes an open gaping aspect, widening and enlarging until it often surrounds the branch, although the branch be several inches in diameter. Within the gaping margin the bark is seen of a dark brown colour, and is very rugged and irregular, rising into all manners of shapes, and where solid, of a greatly increased thickness. The wood under the diseased bark is eaten away as it were, and cavities are formed, leading to the very centre of the stem 'n advanced stages of the disorder. These cavities arc generally lined with the discoloured diseased bark, and are well defined, and have the adjoining wood of a healthy character, to all appearance." Mr. Saunders' description is, as all who have seen the disease will recognise, a very faithful one, but he adds that while examining and drawing the specimens he sought for traces of insects without success. Turning now to the eleventh volume of Mr. StaintON'S Natural History of the Tineina, published in 1870, we find at p. 3 a description of a moth known as Prays Curtisellus, and a coloured figure of the insect in its various stages on the first plate. In early spring, says Mr. Stainton, small heaps of excrement called " frass " may be seen on the twigs of the Ash, and these are traceable to a small whitish larva, or caterpillar, with a black head and black spots on the two terminal segments. In May the young Ash' leaves may be seen blighted and spun together with white silken threads, and if the larva be now sought it will be found about half an inch long, of a greenish colour, marbled with reddish brown spots along the back. In June and July a moth may be seen hovering over the Ash tree, its whitish wings marked with blackish or brownish markings, the largest of which is triangular. This is the perfect insect. Its mode of procedure is as follows : — When the eggs are deposited and hatched the young larvie, at this time about two lines long, mine the Ash leaves by burrowing in ser- pentina tunnels through the tissues, and quitting them for the smooth bark before the fall of the leaf In January the larv;e, in their second stage of growth, may be found in the young shoots. When the leaves are expanded in spring, and the young shoots begin to grow, the larvie emerge, attack the young shoots, check their growth, and spin some of the leaves together. At this time the larva is a handsome young grub of some half an inch in length ; but it speedily spins a cocoon, becomes an inanimate pupa, analogous to a resting- spore, and after a rest of a i&\i weeks the perfect insect appears in July in all its delicate bravery of apparel, to make provision for the perpetuation of the species, and renew in its offspring the cycle of changes wc have alluded to. Here, then, we have the disease of the Ash well known, and the insect well known. Mr. Sydney Wehb at the last meeting of the Scientific Committee went a step further, and having, as it were, put two and two together, was in a position to assert from his own observations that these great, ugly, cankerous wounds of the Ash are the direct consequences of the injuries inflicted on the smooth tender bark of the Ash by these tiny tunnel-makers. Water penetrates into the apertures and cavities made by the insect, stagnates there, rots the tissues, whose vitality is already enfeebled by the vora- city of the insect ; frost and other contingencies add to the mischief, and so, from the " little rift within the lute," come these terrible dis- figurements, the cause of which it is impossible to determine in the later stages. Mr. Webb's state- ment to the committee was a very neat piece of inductive reasoning, and it illustrated, among other things, the absolute necessity of begin- ning at the beginning in investigating plant dis- eases. Specimens of Cucumber disease and what-notare sent in their fullest stage of develop- ment for the inspection of experts, when all trace of the originating cause has become obliterated, and the experts can but shake their heads and describe in more correct and precise language what is alreadypatent to less skilled ob- ser\'ers. It is to gardeners and foresters trained to observe the beginnings of things that we should look for at least the clue to many of these maladies — a clue which they alone, as a rule, have the opportunity of discovering. The second point to which we would allude is the value a Scientific Committeemaybeto a Hor- ticultural Society by bringing to bear on a given subject the collective wisdom of experts in various subjects ; but, as we have said, it is very rarely that members of such committees have the means or opportunities of examining dis- eased conditions in the early stages and of tracing step by step their history. Botanic Garden, Talermo.— Through the kindness of Professor Todaro we this week lay be- fore our readers an illustration (fig. 29) of the aquarium in these gardens. A glance will suffice to show Ihe more than semi-tropical character of the vegetation which flourishes in this favoured clime. In the foreground are the large heart-shaped leaves of the Colocasia esculenta, of which the foliage is eaten as Spinach in the tropics, while the tubers yield a vegetable like our Potatos. To the left is a fine clump of Nelumbium luteum. Quite in the centre of the illustration, brist- ling like a porcupine, is a plant of some interest— the Dovea tectorum, or Restio tectorum of Linn.eus, from which thatch for huts is made at the Cape, and which might possibly with olher species of the same order be utilised for paper-making. The plant gener- ally met with in European gardens as liestio teclorum is not true to name. Specimens kindly furnished by M. ToDAROshow, however, that at Palermo they have the correct plant, and that when seen in a mass or clump it is singularly striking and effective, but not so much so as some of the species of Thamnochortus, which are so handsome that the wonder is they have not long since been introduced. The backgrounri,lge, Feb. 10. The Vegetables and the Frost.— The latter has almost made an end of the former. The frost of December harmed vegetables but little, but the piercing east winds and frozen driving dusts of January added to weeks of sunless frosts have cut vegetables down to the ground. Even Cabbages, old and young, have hardly been able to stand — Scotch Kale and Leeks were also laid prostrate, events unique in my long experience ; Brussels Sprouts were severely cut, and as for Broccoli, most of it seems quite wrecked, while Turnips in garden and field have their tops quite killed and the roots frozen. Fields left late lor ewes and lambs have not a green leaf and smell b.adly since the thaw, which shows that the roots are rotting fast. Lettuces in the open also seem ruined. Globe Arti- chokes, unless where well protected, are cut oft' level with the ground. Never in all my experience have I seen such havoc among vegetables. The east wind and the dryness of a few days, when the dust blew in clouds, seems to have done most of this most serious mischief. And most serious it is. Even the Brussels Sprouts and Greens left seem to have had all their sweetness and flavour frozen out of them, and it will be long before any fresh Greens can be grown. A facetious friend says the frost li.as cleared his garden of slugs : we only know at present it has killed or terribly crippled all our vegetables, and many gardeners will be severely tried to keep the pot boil- ing this spring. D. T. Fish. Winter Dressing Peaches and Vines. — If " W. II." will read carefully what I wrote respecting the above, he will find that inste.ad of being in favour of winter dressing Peaches and Vines, as he appears to wish to make out, that I condemned the practice, and stated that, except under special circumstances, it was a waste of both time and labour, and productive of no good whatever. Further than this, I remarked that were it not for scale that sometimes gets on Peaches, I should never dress at all, and that I had trees which for twenty years had never been touched in that way. Those done now are only coated on the main stems and trunk where some white scale had made its appearance, to dislodge which " W. H." or any one else would have had to scrub with soap and water for some considerable time, when I doubt not they would have left plenty for stock in some of the crevices or parts not easy of access. I never care to run risks in matters of this kind, and knowing the cleansing efl'ect lime and clay has on the bark of trees in destroying mossy growth or conferva, I always use it in preference to any fiddling with soap and water, as I know it to be eft'ectual for the purpose required. These, and when there are thrips lurking on the main stems of Vines, are the special circumstances to which I alluded ; and as regards the remark that I did not consider a dressing impeded the swelling of the buds of Vines and Pe.aclies, few I think will be prepared to say th.at it does ; but seeing, as I have endeavoured to show, that the coating of them .and that part of the tree is perfectly useless, why cover them at .all ? Whether it may iet.ard their progress or not, which if it does not weaken them is not of much moment we all know — at least those who have have had any experience in the matter — that the stem of a tree pro- tected and kept moist, or even sheltered from the light, will swell much faster than others left fully exposed ; which fact is borne out by a good deal in what Mr. Roberts says in regard lo the Vine, the stems of which when annually stripped of their bark make little progress, and increase so slowly in size. The Quince unless buried refuses to keep pace with the Pear, and stunted stems of Peaches and such-like bound up with a hayband soon swell out with healthy rind, and lose the contracted look ; which being the case, no one need hesitate to use the mixture I have mentioned whenever occasion requires. Insecticides call for very great caution in their application, as 212 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 15, 1S79. when too strong they do more mischief than persons are aware of, but a Utile soft-soap, clay and lime are harmless, and at the same time powerful aids in im- partinsj a healthy tone to the bark. I have known (lishurst and other mixtures affect this in such a way as to turn the inner part brown, and cause I'each- buds to fall off wholesale, and no doubt this has been observed by others, although I do not remember to have seen any mention of such a disaster before. -y.s. Trebons Onion. — At p. 148 Messrs. Laird & .Sinclair, of Dundee, mention the Trebons Onion as being an excellent variety. This I can thoroughly endorse, having grown it ever since it was sent out with great satisfaction to myself and to many others, who get plants in spring to grow for competition ; no other variety had any chance with it on the exhibition table. It can either be sown in spring or autumn ; but those who want large Onions for competition should sow the second week of August, and transplant in spring in rich soil well firmed by the feet or roller. I generally transplant between the rows of newly planted Strawberries. In such positions, where they have plenty of room, they grow fine large, handsome, oval-shaped bulbs, and will keep fresh and firm till the following February. It is also perfectly hardy, and in my opinion ought to take the place of all the Tripoli section, being so much handsomer, and with better keeping qualities. I have not grown the Zittau ; but, on talking over the different varieties with a neighbour practical, he told me that he grew it last year, and it turned out " a big saft lump," not worth growing tieside the Trebons, D. Doig, The Gardens, Rossic Priory, The Camellias at Tredrea, Cornwall. — Not- withstanding the severity of the winter the Camellias out-of-doors at this place do not appear to be the least affected. They are growing against a south wall, and have not had any protection beyond what the wall gives. They are bristling with buds, and some already in flower. One plant of elegans covering a space 21 feet by 10 feet, having thousands of buds, will be a grand sight in a few weeks. There are also fine ]jlants of imbricata, Lady Hume's Blush, Donkelaari, Eclipse, Old Double White, fimbriata, tricolor, and Chand- lerii. Camellias are rather plentiful out-of-doors in Cornwall, but I have seen a great many that have been more or less hurt with the severe weather this winter. A'. Gill. Cocoa-nut Husk for Growing Orchids on. — I have often used these, and they will do fairly for some kinds. My objection to them is, that they are not durable enough, and that when they begin to decay the roots of the Orchids are very apt to decay with them. C. W. Strickland, HiUlciihy. Treatment of Bulbous Roots.— The pots of these are removed from the open ground (where they have been plunged well over the rims in some light material since October) into a glass structure from which frost is just excluded. The end of January or first week in February this season is the best time to house the collections that are not intended to have much or any forcing. Exhibitors are very anxious to have the plants under their immediate control, and are sometimes impatient to get them out of the ground, but the more roots they make out-of-doors the better. The question was asked me — How about ynir Hyacinths this weather? The plunging mate- rial and the soil in the pots were frozen together ; but Hyacinths and Tulips are very hardy. We have just taken the pots indoors, which comprise Hyacinths, Tulips, Polyanthus, Narcissus, Ixias, and Tritonias. We have placed them in a span-roofed greenhouse at no great distance from the glass, and the whole of them are looking well, the Hyacinths perhaps rather stronger than last season. The treatment now is to allow as much light as possible to get at them, and avoid a temperature higher than 40" until it is seen that .some growth has been made. If the pots are well filled with active roots they will do well with 45° at night, increasing 5° more by day. We get no sun- shine at present, which is a great loss to the plants. Our earliest Hyacinths, Tulips, and Polyanthus Nar- cissus were placed into heat in December, and they are now, and have been for some time, in full flower. If placed in a cool greenhouse just as the flowers open they will remain fresh for a month at least. A succession is obtained by placing a few pots of each into heat at intervals of about two weeks. Success is obtained by placing them in a temperature about 5° more than the greenhouse, and raising it gradually, keeping the plants, if possible, near the glass, and admitting as much air as it is possible to admit with- out lowering the temperature more than is desirable. No one can admire a Hyacinth if it is necessary to lie a strip of matting round its middle to support the leaves ; and what an undignified object it is with the leaves hanging over the support ! Vou cannot ask any one to admire a plant if it has not healthy leaves. Well developed foliage and perfectly formed bells and spikes must be found together before Ily.acinths can be acceplable on the home stage, or find the highest place on the exhibition table. The leaves of Hyacinths, Tulips, and Narcissus, when perfectly healthy, are so brittle that they readily snap under a rude touch. Juilicious watering is an important element in successful culture. Some persons fancy that because Hyacinths are sometimes grown with their roots in vessels of water that they cannot be over-watered when grown in pots ; this is a grievous error, and the cause of many failures. The bulbs are usually pollcil in a rich soil, and if this is overcharged with water it speedily becomes sour, and the roots perish. At first it may not be necessary to water the pots more than once a week, and at no time are large supplies required. Fill the pots each time, but no more. I have seen young gardeners again and again watering plants and running the water over every time, wasting as much water as they were using, and that is sometimes the least evil resulting from such carelessness. A good workman fills his pots to the brim, but runs not a drop over. Voung gardeners, take a note of this. Weak manure water should be used at every alternate watering. If the flowers are required by a certain date bear this in mind — that it is better to push them on with a little heat than it is to retard them. y, Douglas. Vicar of Winkfield Pear.— Mr. Fish appears to be surprised that Mr. Saul should have this Pear in use so late as January 15 : mine were still later, as I only sent my last dish to table of that and Winter Nelis on February 6. Ours are grown on espaliers worked on the Pear stock, and growing on a stiff soil with a clay bottom. These were planted about seven years ago, the fruit on the sunny side was quite rosy, but I cannot say if they were better flavoured than those not coloured, but they were all very fair, and I consider it a good and useful sort for late season use. Beurre Ranee on the same aspect was not so good as usual, although Beurre Diel, of which we had a fine crop, was better than usual, but ripened a month earlier. S. Taylor, Castlccroft, Wolvcrltantpton. Peach Blossoms Destroyed by Ants. — During the whole of my experience in this way I have not hitherto been troubled by these pests in this particular manner ; this season has, however, been an excep- tion, as shortly after the flowers on the trees in the early Peach-house began to expand our notice was attracted by their diminished appearance, and a dis- covery made that these pests were greedily devouring not only the petals but the fructifying parts also. To remedy at once such fatal consequences as would naturally ensue from such a cause we forthwith ren- dered the flowers unpalatable by syringing the trees with strong quassia-water, and in the course of a day or two afterwards we supplemented its effects with a dose of moderately strong tobacco-water. These means had the desired end. G. T. Miles, Wycombe Abbey. - — - We had a great quantity of Peach blossoms destroyed last year in our early Peach-house, just in the same w.ay as "J. R." describes, by the black ants eating out the pistil of the flower. I had recourse to the usual remedies for their destruction, but found nothing .soeftectual as Scott's Wasp Destroyer, spread on thin slices of bread, and placed in different parts of the house ; in a short time they were covered with ants. The pieces of bread were then i)ut into boiling water ; this was followed up for a few days, by which time scarcely an ant was to be seen in the house, .y. A. ll'ooils, Osberton Gardens, IVorksop. We have experienced similar annoyances from black ants as your correspondent "J. R." One season we had scarcely a blossom left perfect on a Prince of Wales Nectarine tree. In the same house the blossoms of large flowering varieties of Peaches remained uninjured. Probably the ants cut oft' the pistil when in search of honey, in order to give free access t» the interior of the blossoms. I noticed they had sufficient room to enter large blossoms without damaging the pistils. Ants may be driven away by strewing Peruvian guano in their runs. Thos. Coo/nber. "J. R." is not the only one troubled with these mischievous little pests. Our early house is infested with them. For some time they seemed to keep up their work of destruction as fast as the flowers expanded (which is not very fast this weather), by eating out the pistil, but I think I have cured them at last by binding paper round the stems, and on this I put a mixture of gas tar and oil. The oil keeps the tar from getting dry, and being always in a sticky state they don't attempt to travel beyond it. foreman. Measures taken to Eradicate the Phylloxera. — In a back number of the Gardeners' Chronicle I described the manner in which the X'ines here were affected with Phylloxera — an explanation of the measures taken to exterminate this destructive pest may be interesting to some of your readers. We com- menced as the (irapes were gathered, by cutting out the Vines and burning them, and removing the borders and drainage. As this proceeded all roots I found were collected and burned ; many roots had found their way into crevices in the wall, and as on these traces of the insect were visible, we had the portions of the walls below the surface line of the borilcrs encased in cement ; the parts uncemented, after being well syringed with carbolic acid, diluted with water, were twice whitewashed, and all wood and iron work has had two coats of paint. We have concreted the sides of the border, as this had not been previously attended to, and in it placed sufficient clean brickbats and new tiles for drainage. Fresh borders are in preparation for young Vines from a relkable source. The vineries, five in number, will be replanted as follows, viz., two with Hamburghs, one with Muscat of Alexandria, one with Lady Downc's, and one mixed with Alicante, Alnwick Seedling, Gros Colmar, and Pearson's Golden Queen. We have found the Phylloxera most numerous in the warmest and most dry portions of the internal borders. I am inclined to agree with those who think it will do but little injury, in this country, to Vines planted entirely in external borders, yet I am not quite satisfied on this point ; for although we failed to find it on roots so situated, the condition of the borders might possibly account for it. They were composed of tenacious soil, resting on marl, and imperfectly drained, they were consequently cold and wet — an unfavourable situation for Phylloxera ; in soils of warmer nature there will be more cause for fear. We should prefer outside borders to replant in, but unfortunately in our case this is impracticable. It is thought by some we have gone to unnecessary trouble and expense. It may be so ; I do not pre- tend to know, possessing as I do only a very imper- fect knowledge of the nature of the Phylloxera ; but I think when it gets a firm footing, as it had here, it is not easily eradicated, and unless a season is lost by allowing vineries to remain unoccupied something more must be done to prevent a second outbreak than merely clearing away borders and replacing with new. I should like to know if it in depositing eggs confines itself to the Vine, or are some also laid on wood or brickwork, and do any eggs remain unhatched throughout the winter ? We have exposed our houses as much as possible to the influence of the late severe weather, and no plants of any kind will be allowed inside with the Vines. I trust we have succeeded in thoroughly stamping it out ; if so my employers, who take great interest in horticulture, will be compensated for the expense incurred, Thomas Coomber, HcnJre Gardens, Monmouth. Wiring Garden Walls. — Mr. Wilks, in answer to "Chevalier" (p. 149), points out (correctly, I think) that the durability of wiring must be looked at in considering the expense. It may be a guide to "Chevalier" if I tell him what it cost me for materials to wire my wall, which is 50 yards long and 6 feet 6 inches high, wires in number ten, distance apart 9 inches. The following is the bill : — s. d. 20 galvanised terminal holdfasts, i^. 8(/. per dozen.. 2 9 20 galvanised raidisseurs, 2s. 8it. per dozen .. 46 252 galvanised eyes, 5'/. per dozen .. .. ..89 Sioya'ds No. 14 galvanised solid wire, is. iO(/. per 100 yards . . . . . . . , . . ..94 Key to tigliten wires 05 £' S 9 The fixing, neither difficult nor hard work, I did myself, y. IV., Liverpool. If I rememlier rightly some writers have asserted in your columns that they consider gal- vanised wire injurious to fruit trees ; but this, as far as my experience goes, is quite erroneous. We have a wall here about 50 yards long, which was wired by our own garden labourers on the French system. The studs are driven in to within half or three-quarters of an inch of the face of the wall, the wires run hori- zontally 6 inches, or two courses of bricks apart, strained at one end by raidisseurs. This we find quite close enough for fan-trained Pears, but for Peaches, Nectarines, or, in fact, any tree requiring the current year's wood to be laid in, I should prefer a wire to every course of bricks, or 3 inches from wire to wire. This wired wall has been in use for the last eight or nine years, and the wires have never required the slightest thing to be done to them. They are as tight, and to all appearance in as good condition as the day they were fixed. We have also other walls studded with galvanised eyes, similar to sketch enclosed, which answers the purpose equally well. They are driven into the walls up to the shoulders or eyes, 6 inches apart. Common garden nails, driven permanently into walls, and left protruding about h.alf an inch, may also be used in the same way. And if, as in our case, the opportunity oft'ers of new walls being built or refaced, and the advantage can be taken whilst the mortar is soft, they may be pushed in with the finger and thumb as the work progresses, and in such cases they hind with the mortar much firmer than they can be driven into an old w.ill. .•\ny of the above systems I consider much preferable to the old-fashioned nail and shred ; it looks neater, is a February 15, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 213 saving of labour, and consequently must be cheaper in the em!, independent of doing away with the con- tinual nail-driving, puncturing, and defacing good walls, and making harbours for all kinds of insects. There is, however, one thing in the lying of fruit trees which must be carefully avoided, and that is to see that no careless workman tics the shoots too tightly, but leaves his ties sufficiently loose to allow the shoot to develope without nipping, or the ties cut in and make wounds in the bark, which in the case of Apricots, Plums, or Cherries, causes gumming and other diseases, which I am inclined to think may, in some cases, have l)een imputed to the galvanised wire. \V. Nichol, Driiiksloiic Park, Suffolk. Vines Bleeding. — That Vines will recover from the ill effects of this, only shows their great recupera- tive powers, but that it tends to great exhaustion and weakness for a time most gardeners are well aware, and do all in their power to stop it. Unfortunately, once it sets in this is a very difficult matter, and as your correspondent, " W. .S. H.," appears to treat it lightly and as of no consequence, I would warn all who have vineries not to be misled by the remarks made, but to get their pruning done early, and if they have any doubt of the cut parts not drying and closing sufficiently by the time the buds are likely to be on the move, the best way is to use a little styptic or white lead to close up the pores. This is always advisable rather than to run any risk, especially where young rods have to be shortened, or the wood is large and not over well ripened, the structure of which being more soft and open, offers a readier outlet for the s.ap. Once this begins to flow, all remedies to prevent its escape are next to useless, as, do what one will, it forces its way somehow, and keeps on drop after drop till the whole energies of the plants so robbed are reducet-l to a very low ebb. Blood-letting at one time used to l)e very common with doctors, but such a thing is now seldom or never heard of, experience having long since taught them how debili- tating to the human frame it is, and there can be no dcubt that the loss of such a live-giving fluid as that of sap is just as much so in the case of a Vine. Any- how, I have seen very deplorable results from it, and should much regret to find any I have to do with lose their strength in a way so profitless. Bleeding, in my opinion, is far more injurious than heavy cropping, bad as that is ; and in this, as well as everything else. Nature will have her laws respected, as may be seen if she has been overburdened or put out of her course. In the case of Vines or other trees being over-laden, we only get inferior fruit, antl the year following, little or none at all, f-)r tlie penalty has to be paid, and those who run counter to her wise decrees, in this or any other matter, will find it so in the end. If "W. S. H.'s " Vines did so well after the loss of so much sap, they must previously have been very vigorous to have stood the drain, but the mischief done is sure to show itself by leaving a state of weak- ness behind. J. Slicppanl. Are Vines Impoverished through Bleeding ? — From my experience I say, \'es. In 1S77 I had a Black Hamburgh Vine which bled to such an extent that it did not bring any fruit to perfection, the berries being not larger than black Currants, and they split so badly that they were utterly useless for table purposes. .Some may say. What was the cause of their splitting ? My experience tells me it was through bleeding, for after stoning, when all the other Vines were busy swelling their berries, this Vine was at a standstill, during which time the skin of the berries became very hard. About three weeks after, when the Vine had regained a little of its usual vigour by a fresh flow of sap, the berries again com- menced swelling, but the skin becoming so hard during its stagnancy, the result was the whole of the berries split. In 1878 I had a Vine of Bowood Muscat weakened so by bleeding that it did not start for a fortnight after the other Muscats, and when it did commence growth it was so weak the bunches decayed as soon as the leaves developed themselves. T. H. Champion Potato.— Mr. McBeth would do well to try this Potato again. It was given me to plant last year as a disease-resisting variety, and as far as I have proved, which statement I repeat again, I found it upheld its character — the character I got with it. At the same time I do not wish to be its champion exactly, but merely its supporter until it proves by further trials whether it maintains its professed name, disease-resisting, or not. There is no doubt the old Rock is being sold under the name of Champion, and I would say, be sure you get the right variety. //. A'., Floors. This Potato has with us maintained the character of a very productive and disease-resist- ing variety. Last spring we planted three bushels in the field along with a number of other old and tried sorts, but in product it far exceeded them, the return from Champion being sixty bushels of fine large tubers, no sign of disease, and eight bushels refuse, that is, small Potatos. I do not, however, consider last year a test one, for this reason, the summer w.is very dry, snd other sorts which in former seasons had suffered severely were last year comparatively free from disease, thereby placing the Champion at a disadvantage, its quality for table use being at best only second-rate, until about the end of .March, when other sorts are getting deteriorated in flavour it remains sound and good and can be classed with any sort. It will be a pity if its best points are lost sight of and it be allowed to fall into dis- repute simply because we have been favoured with an exceptionally successful year for other sorts. A. .Scoll, Aiichciiilciiiian, Ditiiiliartoiiihirc. Odontoglossum pulchellum majus. — It would he tlifficult to say whether this or Cit-logyne cristata, which has been considered the premier Orchid for usefulness, would find the most votes if put in compe- tition with each other. For my part I look on the two as pretty equal. Although it is an old Orchid it is surprising to see it so rare in quantity. A bit may be seen in most collections, but in quantity it is seldom seen. It is in reality, I may remark for those who don't know it, a very large Lily-of-thc-\'alley- like Orchid, in scent and appearance, excepting the leaf, which is the narrowest of all the Odontoglots. Bulbs of this Orchid will grow 3 inches long and throw very fine spikes of flowers, and individually measuring i inch in diameter. H. Knight, Floors. Seats for Woodland Walks. — The accompany- ing illustration (fig. 30) gives an excellent idea of some Mushroom-like seats, appropriately called " Mushroom Stools, " which we noticed last autumn Fig -MUSHROOM STOOLS. by the sides of the walks in the pleasure-grounds and woodlands surrounding Baron Rothschild's handsome mansion at Ferrieres. The stools are made of wood, and with exposure to the weather assume a russetty appearance which harmonises well with the trees and grass surrounding them. In this case two seats only are shown, but they are generally placed in trios — two for adults, and a lower one for a child. Telegraph i. Telephone. — In reference to the letters in your columns upon this subject, permit us to say, as bearing upon Mr. Culverwell's argument, that our Sharpe's Invincible Pea, which was one of Mr. Culverwell's seedlings, has always the character of producing mixed, wrinkled, and round seed, and on first seeing it, we thought there were two distinct varieties, but on proving them by picking out the wrinkied Peas and sowing them alone by thesideof the round Peas, we could not detect the slightest difference when growing, and both rows produced, as at first, wrinkled and round Peas mixed. Laxton's Marvel has the same peculiar characteristic, which is more or less influenced by the season ; this past year many of our large blue Peas, Bedman's Imperial, Bur- bidge's Kclipse and the like, containing a large pro- portion of wrinkled Peas, which we very rarely see. Time will show whether these two varieties are only " as like as two P's," or more so than they ought to be. Charles Sharpo ^ Co., Slcaford. Birds and Fruit Trees.— I beg to make a few observations in regard to the letter written by Mr. W. Briggs, of Liverpool, who recommends that fruit trees should be enclosed in a kind of network of black cotton. My experience leads me to consider such a plan to be most objectionable. Thirty years ago, when I lived at Chigwell Row, upon Hainault Forest, one Apple tree was attacked by tomtits, which rather Irightened us, but without any just reason, because no other tree was molested that year nor in any other year. Perhaps a dozen years ago, the Queen's head gardener put a number of guns into his workmen's hands in the winter to shoot the birds, the conse- quence was that two-thirds of their Strawberry plants were killed by a yellow grub, and my Strawberry plants shared the same fate. About fourteen years ago bullfinches ate the buds of many of my Gooseberry trees, but never since, although we have abundance of birds. The buds were, of course, filled with insect eggs. This severe winter we have fed the birds close to our windows with Maize and wetted Rice-meal, which has brought swarms of them all day long — no less than fourteen different sorts, to our very great amusement. Henry Willis, The Elms, Old Windsor. Paeony - flowered Camellia, Triomphe de Florence. — This is a very beautiful white, early and free flowering, and is one I got from Ghent some years ago. It seems to me that this Camellia will prove a very useful one. We have others in our col- lection, but I don't remember them individually, but will be gl.id to give names as they open. The above is in flower, besides those names you give. //. A'ni"hl Floors. Bees as Fertilising Agents.— I quite think with Mr. W. Mdlerat p. 13S. I have tried bees in my Peach-houses for seven seasons, and always with the best results. I have a first-rate crop set this year in my early house, but I find it best to put the hive into the house a week before the blossoms open. I put a piece of moss in the hole of the hive to prevent them coming out. As soon as the flowers are fully expanded I remove the moss from the hole. They commence to work more steadily, and do not try to get out of the houses as if just brought in. At last I remove them to the orchard-house, 100 yards long, full of all kinds of fruit trees. Here they work with the greatest success to the fruit an 1 to themselves. Will, .'imythc, Fhe Gardens, Basing Park, .Alton. %Veitch's Self-protecting Broccoli.— I have cut a good dish to-day (January 17), and no one was more surprised than myself at being able to cut this grand Broccoli after 27' degrees of frost. I must say that it was planted under a south wall without any protection. If a Broccoli will stand uninjured and fit to send to table after 27" of frost, it cannot be too highly spoken of. In my experience it is the best Broccoli ever sent out. H. Parr, The Gardens, Harrow Weald Park, Stanniore. Reports of Societies. Royal Horticultural: Feb. 11.— The annual general meeting of Fellow^s of this Society was held last Tuesday in the Council chamber. South Kensing- ton, Lord Aberdare, the President, in the chair. The members of Council present were Sir Trevor Law- rence, Bart., M.P. ; Lord Alfred S. Churchill, Mr. II. Webb (Treasurer), Mr. W. Haughton, Colonel Trevor Clarke, Dr. Denny, Major Jlason, and Dr. Jlogg (Secretary). The first business proceeded with was the election of twenty-five new Fellows. Mr.JiiN'N'iNcs, Assistant-Secretar)', read the minutes of the last annual meeting, which were confirmed ; and the President nominated Mr. John Lee and Mr. West as scrutineers. Mr. StilRLicY HliiiiERD said that having proposed Mr. Killock as a member of Council, he was entitled to nominate a scrutineer. He should, therefore either nominate one of the two scrutineers, or one in addition to the two already nominated. Mr. W. H,\UGHTON having read a bye-law which stated that the Chairman "shall nominate two scruti- neers" to superintend the ballot. The Presiden r said he should be most happy to see everything properly conducted. It appeared, according to the bye-law, there was no choice in the matter. It was the businesss of the Chairman to appoint two scrutineers, and that right he had exercised. The following report from the Council was then taken as read : — Ri;r()RT OF TiiE Council to the Annum, General MEirriNG OE Fi'.nRUARY ir, 1879. In presenting to the Fellows their report of the opera- tions of the Society during the past year the Council are gratified to record a continuance of the improved inte- rest in its proceedings, as evinced by the various shows and meetings which, during the year now closed, have been remarkable for the spirit wliich lias animated the committees, and the un\'aryin;j energy displayed by all classes of exhibitors. 214 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Fet^ruary 15, 1879, At no period of the Society's history have tlie meetings been so well attended, or such important and interesting groups of plants and collections of fruit displayed ; so that these ordinary meetings have in variety and beauty fallen little short of the greater flower shows. The meetings of the ^Scientific, Fruit and Floral Com- mittees have been numerously attended ; ,and the members have been most diligent in the discharge of their honorary duties. The usual liigh standard of excellence both as to fruit and plants has been main- tained ; a complete list of the Certificates awarded will be published in the next number of the Society's Journal. The Council have much satisfaction in recognising the valuable work that has thus been accomplished. In order to increase the general interest of the meet- ings of the committees during the current year, and to give some direction to their work, it has been determined to award medals for special exhibitions of plants. &c., in the grou]5s designated for each successive meeting. Four ]3arts of vol. v. of the Society's yoiiriial have been published during the year, the first of which, issued in January, was under the editorship of the late Mr. Andrew Murray. The contributed papers comprise Dr. M. C. Cooke's exhaustive treatises " On the Fungoid Diseases of the Vine"; a lecture delivered by the Assistant-Secretary on the "Cyclamen"; a paper by Dr. M. T. Masters, F.R.S., "On the Nomenclature of Garden Plants"; notes by Colonel R. Trevor Clarke "On the Culture of the Fig as a Standard in the Open Air " ; "On Fern Sports," by T. Moore, F.L.S, ; " On the Native Country of the Potato," by \V. B. Hcmsley, A.L.S.; and " On a Disease in the Ash," bv W. W. Saunders, F.R.S. The re]5orts of Chiswick trials include Violas, Clarkia, Iberis, Viscaria, Godetia, Tomatos, Asters, Turnips, Filberts and Savoys. Records of the proceedings of all the meetings of the Society, as well as of the Scientific, Fruit and Floral Commitlees from the beginning of the year, up to and including the meetings of July 23, will also be found in the numbers of the Journal published. Matters of con- siderable interest resulting from the deliberations of the Scientific Committee are also fully reported. The Fruit Catalogue which was published in the So- ciety's Journal several years ago is now under revision, and will be corrected up to date. It is intended to re- print this most valuable work in the form of an appendix to the Journal. The annual exhibition of the Society, which was honoured with the presence of Her Ro3'al Highness the Princess of Wales, of the Crown Prince and Princess of Germany, and other members of the Royal family, is acknowledged to have been one of the most successful that has been held in this country since the great Inter- national Exhibition of 1866, and dieir Royal Highnesses were pleased to express their admiration of the magnifi- cent display. The Council have every reason to antici- pate that the arrangements they have made for the great show, to be held in May next, will ensure an equally successful exhibition. T!ie Rose show, with which was associated the annual exhibition of the Pelargonium Society, was also a most extensive and beautiful display. With a view to cany out one of the principal objects of the Society in popularising horticulture, the Council resolved to attempt an exhibition for the benefit of the poorer classes of the metropolis. Whit-Monday was selected for the experiment, and the low charge of two- pence was fixed for admission. Thanks to several Fellows oi the Society, and a few of the City Companies, a liberal schedule was pro\ided by private subscription ; and several of the leading exhibitors at the Societv's ordi- nary meetings generously contributed splendid groups of plants. The resvilts were highly satisfactory ; nearly 16,000 persons availed themselves of the privilege, and perfect order prevailed. Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise, Marchioness of Lome, had graciously consented to distribute the prizes upon this occasion, but in consequence of a recent domestic bereavement was unable to be present, and that duty was kindly performed by the Lady Mayoress, who was accompanied by the Lord Mayor and the Sheriffs of London. It is intended to organise a similar show next Whit-Monday. After an interval of five years, arrangements were made for holding a provincial show at Preston, under the auspices of the Society. The success of this magnificent exhibition, which was held in July last, was, from a horti- cultural i:)oint of view, complete. In the present depressed state of trade, your Council have not felt themselves justified in accepting any of the invitations which they have hitherto received to organise a provincial show for the coming season. The condition of the garden at Chiswick is satisfactory. The rockery formed at the commencement of 1877 has proved a most interesting attraction ; the season having been favourable, the plants have succeeded remarkably well. Considerable additions have been made to the collection of hardy herbaceous and alpine plants, which will be gradually propagated for distribution to Fellows. The severe frost which has prevailed during the pre- sent winter has done to the outdoor plants at Chiswick serious daiuage, the full extent of ^\hich cannot be ascertained as yet. The lowest temperature registered at Chiswick has been 12^ — i.e., 20° of frost. Tiie crop of Grapes in the great vinery has been good ; the fruit has been sold to Fellows at reduced rates—a ]irivilege wlii-:-!! has been greatly appreciated. A wonder- Jul crop of fmit has been produced on the cordon Peach trees on the wall — an experiment which has proved instructive as a means of comparing the different varieties. Collections of the most approved varieties of Figs have been planted out as standards in the old orchard-house, which has been entirely devoted to the trial of their adaptability for this mode of culture. The Vines newly planted under the glass wall lia\'e done \\t\\. Owing to the late spring frosts the outdoor fiuit crop proved almost a failure. All necessary repairs to the hothouses have been carried on as usual ; the alterations effected last year in the heating apparatus have proved entirely satisfactory. The following trials have been carried out by the Fruit and Vegetable Committee : — Cabbages, in continuation of thft 1877 trials ; Peas, 110 varieties ; Lettuces, 115 varieties ; Endives, 30 varieties ; Beet, 60 varieties ; Strawberries in pots, 150 varieties, Of these, the trial of Peas owing to the peculiar season was not satisfactory, they will therefore be tried again. A second trial of Lettuces, Radishes and Leeks will also be made. Full reports by the Suj^erintcndent on Cabbnges, Endives and Beet will be published in early numbers of the Journal. Trials by the Floral Committee have been carried out of — Gloxinias, 80 varieties ; Abutilons, 38 varieties ; Rou- vardias, 19 varieties ; Cannas, 150 varieties ; tuberous Begonias, 72 varieties. Several charming new varieties of these last have been raised in the garden, which, when propagated, will be distributed. Trials have also been made of double Iv)'-leaved Pelar- goniums and double-flowered Zonal Pelargoniums in jiots ; and as bedding plants, of Verbenas, Tropasolums, and many varieties of annuals, conspicuous among whicli may be named the varieties of the Chinese Pink. On all tliese subjects full reports will be published in the Journal. The thanks of the Society are due to the numerous donors of plants and seeds, a full list of which is appended ; and especially to the Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew ; to H. J. Elwes, Esq., and W. Wilson Saunders, Esq., Colonel R. Trevor Clarke, Baron von Mueller, of Melbourne, and Professor Sergeant, of the Harvard University, Boston, U.S.A. The Council have great pleasure in announcing the encouraging fact that during the past year the distribu- tion of plants, cuttings, and seeds, has been considerably in excess of that of any former year ; many valuable plants, &c., some of which are new to cultivation, have been distributed from Chiswick to almost every part of the United Kingdom. The following is a summary of the distributions of 1878 as compared with those of 1877 : — Distributed in 1878. Distributed in 1S77. Plants Cuttings of plants, fruit, &c. Strawberry runners Packets of seed 5,250 J 2.054 I t bundles j 2,500 22,500 1,695 J 7t5 j 1. bundles j 15.850 In order to meet the wishes expressed by many of the Fellows of the Society, it has been arranged to include seeds of useful vegetables not ordinarily found in trade catalogiies in the distributions of the coming season. The Council again express their desire to open corre- spondence with foreign and colonial horticulturists, with a view to the exchange of plants and seeds, and they trust that the Fellows of the Society will assist them in carrying out so desirable an arrangement. Letters on this subject should be addressed to the Assistant-Secre- tary, South Kensington. Ai South Kensjngton several improvements have been effected in the gardens. It has been necessary to supply new boilers both to the Palm-house at Chiswick and to the conservatory at South Kensington. Tlie Fellows of the Society are aware that the Inst agreement entered into between H.M. Commissioners and themselves, with respect to the occupation of the South Kensington Gardens, terminated at Christmas last. Under this agreement H.M. Commissioners waived their right of re-entry until the close of tlie original term of occupancy, viz., June, 1892, provided the Society could, in the three years ending December 2=;. 1878, raise its annual income from subscriptions to ^10,000. The efforts of the Council to fulfil this condi- tion have failed ; and the Commissioners have therefore the right to exercise their power of re-entry. No inti- mnlion has as yet been received from them that any substantial alteration in the occupation of the gardens is at present intended : and the Council venture to liopc that arrangements may be made by which the connec- tion of the Society with these gardens, in all those respects in which that connection has been beneficial to the best interests of the Society, may still be maintained. But whatever may be the ultimate decision of the Commissioners, the Council is convinced that no measure which they may resolve upon in the discharge of their trust as managers of the estate of which the gardens form part, will be adopted without the utmost considera- tion to the fair claims of the Society and its position as a scientific association of established usefulness and eminence. During the past year 197 ree monthly tickets have been issued to students in the Science and Art Schools, to enaljle them to pursue their studies fron\ Nature in the gardens and conservatoiy. The same privilege has always been accorded to properly accredited artists. The number of new Fellows elected in 1878 was 215, and of One Guinea Members, thirty-six. There have been ninety-seven resignations and sixty-nine deaths ; amongst the last the Society has to mourn the loss of the lamented Princess Alice, Grand Duchess of Hesse. The number of resignations appears to be somewhat larger than usual ; the list, however, includes many Fellows who had neither paid their subscriptions for 1876 and 1877, nor resigned, and who have since paid their arrears and remo\'ed their names. Several of these liave since rejoined the Society. The Society's list of Honorary Fellows has been strengthened by the election of His Majesty the King of the Belgians, K.G. , who has most graciously accepted the honour, claiming not only to be a lover of horticu'- ture, but a practical horticulturist. Several distinguished foreign and colonijil horticulturists have been elected corresponding members. The Council feel the desirability, in the interests of hor- ticulture, of the closer co-operation of the various kindred associations throughout the country, and they will be glad to receive suggestions from local secretaries and others interested as to the best means of carrying out this object. A legacy of ^100 has been left to the Society by the will of the late Miss Parry, of Ham, for many years a Fellow. This amount has been invested in Consols, and placed in trust under the same conditions as those regu- lating the Davis bequest. BALANCeSHEET, DeCEMDER 31, 1878. ^ Cr jC s. d. To sundry creditors on open account .. ,, 179 5 o Life composition account .. .. .. 2,16:: 2 o Additional debenture — C.J. Freake .. .. 5,003 o o General revenue account balance carried for- ward . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 16 7 Legacy received from the late Miss Parry . . 90 o o ^^^95 3 7 Dr. £, s. d £ s. d. By capital— .. ^ 7,17112 9 Annual subscriptions— outstand- „ ing 361 4 o Sundry debtors- Garden produce ., ., iSj o I Investment — 3 per cent. Consols— ^100 legacy invested .. .. .. .. 95 2 6 Cash at bankers — On deposit account and in- terest 345 16 10 On current account .. .. 138 2 11 48J 19 9 Petty cash in hand 40 ^8.295 3 7 We have examined the above accounts with the bocks and vouchers, and find the same correct. John Leb, ^ Jas. F. West, V Auditors. R. A. AsriNALL.j Saimlel Jennings, Assistant-Secrclary. Jan. 3T, 1870. Annual Revenue Account for the Year Ended December 31, 1S78. Dk. C s. d. C s. d. To establishment expenses- Salaries . . . . .. .. 577 17 o Wages 231 o I Printing, stationary and cards .. 168 18 2 Postages Ti, 13 4 Gas . , .. . . . . . , 17 12 o Library 4 3 5 Miscellaneous . . . . . . 95 8 i i,i6S 12 1 To special expenses in relation to hor- ticulture— Jonrnal .. .. ,. .. 141 12 2 Fruit and Floral Committees .. S6 16 4 KditoT of the yo7irual .. .. 100 c o 328 8 6 To Chiswick Garden expenses — Rent, rates, taxes, and insurance 554 2 8 Labour .. .. .. .. 974 6 8 Implements, manure, coals, and coke 335 1 3 Repairs . . . . .. . . 108 i 2 Trees, plants, seeds, &c. .. .. 30 15 o Superintendent's salary .. .. 150 o o Water . , . . . . . . 14 16 o Miscellaneous .. .. .. 79 6 5 j,g\6 19 2 To Kensington Garden expenses — Rates, taxes, and insurance .. 416 13 i Superintendent's salary .. ,. 100 o o Labour .. .. .. .. 421 o 6 Repairs .. .. ., .. 11223 Coke and manure .. .. .. 24 g o Implements .. .. .. .. 106 Water , . .. .. . . . , 40 7 5 Read mg room .. .. .. 24 5 2 Bands . . . . . , . . . . 162 13 9 Miscellaneous .. .. .. 91 19 o ■ 1,394 10 8 To exhibitions — Advertising .. .. .. .. 279 10 5 Prizes and medals .. .. .. 734 1 o Bands.. .. .. .. ,. 129 12 o Superintendent of flower shows .. 25 o o Judges' fees 13 J3 o Sundries .. .. .. .. 167 15 7 1,349 12 o Z6.187 12 5 To balance to general revenue account . . .. 660 15 8 ^6,848 8 I Or. jC s. d. ^y 1/15 Life Compositions as at January I 676 iS o Annual subscriptions .. .. .. .. 4,065 12 o Exhibitions .. .. .. 1,071 18 3 Promenades.. ., .. .. .. .. 69 5 o Daily admissions .. .. .. .. .. 358 13 1 Garden produce . . . . . . . . . . 424 8 8 Packing charges . . . . . , . . . . 20 1 7 Miscellaneous receipts .. ..■ .. .. 60 15 10 "Davis bequest." — Interest appro- priated under provisions of trust towards prize medals . . . . . . 89 16 4 Interest on bank deposit account . . .. 10 19 4 .^6,848 8 I We have examined the above revenue account with the books and vouchers and find the same correct. R. A. Asi'inall, 'I John Lee, \ Auditors. Jas. F. West, j Samuel Jennings, Assistant-Secrciary. yan. 31, 1879. FEIiRUARY 15, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 215 General Revenue Account, Decembek 31, 1878. IlK. (^ s. d. To annual subscriptions — arrears account for sub- scriptions in arrear which have either lapsed, or in other ways become irrecoverable, or which have been carried off at time of pay- ment to credit of current subscriptions .. 66j 17 6 Balance carried forward as per balance sheet .. 859 16 7 i£t>523 It I Cr. i, s. d. By balance of revenue account brought forward January I, 1878 522 i8 5 Annual revenue account — balan-te for the year 1878 6«o IS 8 Suspense account — as per balance sheet, December 31, 1877. transferred to revenue, being cash received from H. M. Commis- sioners for overpaid taxes and interest thereon .. .. .. 340 o o ;Ci,523 14 I By balance carried fjrvvard .._ .. £,'&i<) 16 7 We have examined the above account with the books and vouchers, and find the same correct. R. A. AspiNALL, 'I John Lee. \ Auditors. Ja5. F. West. ) Samuel Jennings, Assistant-Secretary, fan. 31, 1870. The rRESlDENT then said : I am happy to say the observations I have to make on this occasion will be very brief. I think you will observe that in many respects there is in this report a departure from the precedent of last year which I think will be satis- factory to you. Instead of containing a long cata- logue of disputes and negotiations with which so large a portion of former reports was occupied, the present report gives an account of strictly horticultural opera- tions which tends to show that during the last year there has been a good deal of healthy life in the Society, and I believe the words you will find in the report are not to be taken as mere words. Indeed, I may venture to say, on the authority of persons who are more competent than I am to pronounce an opinion, that the fortnightly meetings of the Society have never beenbettersupported.orhavesuppliedbettermaterialfor instruction, than those of last year. I may also point with satisfaction to the fact that no annual shows could be more magnificent than those held during the past year. It was my pleasing duty to accompany the Princess of Wales, the Crown Prince and the Crown Princess of Germany round the show, and I wish all of you could have heard the expressions of satisfaction and admiration which fell from those illustrious persons. Dr. Mogg informs ine that it will be for the benefit of the scrutineers, and will facilitate the business of the ballot, if I were to make a few remarks with respect to those gentlemen who are returned on the list in the place of those members of Council who retire. The gentlemen nominated by the Council were Mr. Grote, Mr. Aspinall, and Colonel Makins, M.P. There is no opposition to be given, I believe, to Mr. Grote's election, but two other gentlemen have been proposed — in the exercise of the undoubted right of the Fellows — as members of the Council. With respect to one of the two gentlemen nominated — Lord Skelmersdale — I am happy to say we have the means at hand of electing him without any contest whatever, through the generous conduct of Mr. Aspinall, who said, finding there was a desire on the part of the Fellows that some other Fellow than him- self should be elected, he should withdraw rather than remain to be the cause of a contest. I was not aware Lord Skelmersdale was contemplating becoming a Fellow of the .Society, so I wrote to him, and received from him a letter saying he was most willing to become a Fellow of the Society and to serve on the Council ; and his lordship added that if elected he should give active attention to the duties of his office. Thus, as far as regards Lord .Skelmersdale, we may have the pleasure of electing him unanimously. With respect to Mr. Kellock and Colonel Makins, the latter w.is also, after a review of the merits of many other gentlemen, unanimously chosen by the Council asaperson in all respects properly qualified to be a member of Council, and one calculated to advance the interests of the Society. At the same time, while I say that, and while I must abide by the choice of that gentleman, I wish also to say there is not, on the part of the Council, any objection to Mr. Kellock. Let me say what may be said in respect of both these gentlemen. Mr. Kellock comes forward with the advantage in his favour of having been for five years a member of the Council, and also of having during that time performed his duties with great ability and perfect independence. At the end of that time he retired. The rule of the Society is that when a member of Council ceases to be on the Council he cannot be re-elected for twelve months. That time has passed, and Mr. Kellock is now perfectly quali- fied for re-election. I therefore admit the perfect fitness of Mr. Kellock, in all respects, to be a member of the Council. I admit his capacity to be a valu- able member of the Council. Vou may ask, then, why we did not bring him back to the Council instead of choosing Col. Makins. My reason is— I hope Mr. Kellock will be a member of Council before long, but I think there is a great advantage in letting fresh blood into the Council. New men can see what has been done — things jiresent themselves to them in a new and fresh light ; and I think there is a positive mischief in not, from time to time, availing ourselves of the power wo have of bringing fresh members upon the Council. Mr. Kellock is now proposed at the shortest possible time in which he could be re-elected — he is supported by a number of persons of influence, and I am not surprisciens with a sjiike of seven Ijrownish chocolate flowers came from II. J. liuchan, Esq., W'ilton House, Southampton ; and cut blooms of seedling Abutilons were contributed by Mr. J. George. Votes of thanks were awarded in each instance. A very large collection of Primulas was again sent up from Chiswick. The plants were mostly raised from seeds sent by Continental firms, but with the exceptions noticed at the last meeting were of no value, though showing great variations in the range of colour. P'ruit Committee. — H. Webb, Esq., in the chair. The principal contribution to this meeting was a collec- tion of .\pples and Pears of exceptionally fine quality for the se.ison, shown by Mr. C. H.aycock, gr. to R. Leigh, Esq., Barham Court, M.aidstone. The Apples included about thirty sorts, most noticeable amongst them being — Reinette du Canada, Dumelow's Seed- ling, Belle du Bois, Cox's Pomona, Reinette Tres Tardive, a large green-skinned variety, stated to be a fine late keeper ; Reinette de Caux, Calvillc Blanc, Melon .-^pple, and the Forge Apple. Amongst the Pears we noted Duchesse de Bordeaux, Marie Benoist, Josephine de Malines, Cr.assane, and Bergamotte d'Esperen, as being of superior quality. A Silver-gilt Knightian Medal was awarded to the exhibitor. Messrs. T. Rivers & Sons also sent a collection of forty dishes of Apples, .and single specimens of a few culinary sorts came from Mr. Killick, Langley, near Maidstone. Mr. S. Ford, Leonardslec, Horsham, sent samples of the James \'eitch Apple ; and .Mr. Cox, of Redlea', sent the Redleaf Russett. ST A TE OF THE WEA TllER A T BLACKHEA TH, LOADO.V, For the Week ending Wednesday, Feb. 12, 1879. ■ i Hygrome- trical De- >^ B.^ROMETER TEMPfc:n.\TURE OF THE Air. ductions from Glaisher's Wind. ! Tables 6th Q a a X Z 0 0 >*- rt''" c &§ < rt C CO B^ 0 Px ■* Q f^M 1 . Q Feb. 6 In. '9-39 In. ! . -0.3749.5 37.3 I2.2 4°.8-I- °4.7 42.0 ,4{ WSW: I"j, 7 29.16 — 0.61 49.840.2 9-6 45.5 + 6-4 43-6 93 WSW 0.13 8 29.36 —0.41 31 .8,4(1 5 II. 3 46.0 -f- 69 40.0 80 S.W. o.ix) 9 29.16 —06252.046.2 5.8 49.4 -h 10.3 46.9 9=1 S-,-.:o.27 10 28.73 — 1.0552.244.0 8.247.3I+ 8346.3 9. C. Poivcll. Too small ; there are many much finer. Royal Horticultural Society : Old Subscriber. The gardens are open to the public on the meeting days at i p.m. Information as to the subjects invited could be obtained from the Secretary. Ruscus racemosus : F. T. This plant is best known in gardens as the Alexandrian Laurel, and was intro- duced from Portugal in 1713. Tobacco Plants Flowering : Nicotiana. There is nothing unusual in your Tobacco plants flowering at this season. Weeds on Waks : W. C. The presence of moss on your walks indicates that they want draining. The weeds may be kept down by dressing with salt or salt water, or, if you prefer it, with carbolic acid diluted with water. A trial or two on a small scale will tell you to what extent the diluting process may be carried. Communications Recsived.— W. P, H. — J. S.— H. N. G. — T. F. K.— C. W. S.— A. D.— R. Watson — W. P.— G. S. B.— T. B.— J. M. — K. & K.-C. D P. -J. I. L.-J. C.-F. J. H. — B. S. W.-\V. C.-Captain W. F. T.— Mrs. A. VV.— J. D. —A. B. — H. \V. (thanks)— J. S.-O. T.— W. C.-S. & S.— R. G.— 0. M.— J. V. & Sons.— An Unprejudiced Reader.— D. & L— W. S.. Hardwick— W. B— E. B.— Aeeni (your letter is an advertisement) — A. F. — Bait.— A Young Amateur (no leaf received) —C P. Hemery (probably snail's eggs, but we cannot say for certain}.— T. D. ftl. [arluts* COVENT GARDEN, February 13. Good Grapes are now in demand ; samples generally showing signs of shrivelling. Apples arc confined to Nobs, Wellingtons, and Northern Greenings ; prices remaining Ihe same. Trade very quiet, fames Webber^ Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit. Apples, J^-basket . . Cobs and Filberts, lb. Grapes, per lb. Lemons, per 100 s. d. s. d. 16-50 o g- I o 30-80 ■\ o-io o Veghtablhs. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Oranges, per too .. 40-80 Pears, per doz. .. 40-80 Pine-apples, pei Ib.^i 0-26 s. d. s, d. Horse Radish, p. bun. 40-.. Lettuces, Cabbage, per doz. . . ..16-.. Mint, green, bunch. . 16-.. Onions, per bushel.. 40-.. — young, per bun. 04-06 Parsley, per lb. ..20-30 Peas, per quart ..120- .. Potatos, new, basket i &- . . Radishes, per bunch 01-03 — Spanish, doz. ..10-.. — New Jersey^doz. 20-.. Rhubarb, doz. ..10 o- .. Shallots, per lb .. 06- .. Seakale, per punnet 26-.. Spinach, per bushel 40-50 Sweet Potatos, per lb. 06- .. Tomatos, per dozen 26-30 Turnips, p, 12 bunch. 30-60 Artichokes, English Globe, doz. .. 20-40 ■ — Jerusalem, bush. 60-.. Asparagus, Fr. sprue, per bundle . . 16- . . — Eng., per ICO .. 10 o- . . — Fr. giant, p. bun. 30 o- .. Beans, French, p. 100 20-.. Beet, per doz. ., 10-20 Brus. sprouts, bush.io o- .. Cabbages, pcrdoz. .. 10-20 Carrots, per bunch .. 04-06 Cauliflowers, per doz. 20-50 Celery, per bundle .. 16-20 Chilis, per 100 .. 20- .. Cucumbers, each ..09-16 Endive, Batav. dozen 16-.. Garlic, per lb. ..06-.. Herbs, per bunch .. 02-04 Potatos 1 — Regents. loar, to 130J. ; Champions, 805. to 9?^. Rocks, 7C5. to 75^. ; Flukes, 120s. to i^o^. per ton. Large supplies, and trade heavy. Plants in Pots. s. d. s. d. I s. d, s. d. Arum Lily, or Rich- Euonymus, var.,doz. 6 0-18 o ardia 3ethiop.,doz. 9 0-18 o. Ferns, in var., p. doz. 4 0-18 o Azaleas, per dozen . . 24 0-60 o Ficus elastica, each 2 6-1 s o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Foliage Plants, vari- Bouvardias, per doz.18 0-24 o i ous, each .. .. 2 o-io 6 Camellias, per dozeniS 0-60 o j Mignonette, per doz. 60-90 Cinerarias, per doz. 12 0-18 o | Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Cyclamens, per doz. 12 0-30 o Palms in variety, Cyperus, per dozen 6 0-12 o each .. ..2 6—21 o Dracaena terminalis 30 0-60 o 1 Pelargoniums, scar- — viridis. per doz. . . 18 0-24 o lets, zonal doz .. 6 0-12 o Epiphyllum. perdoz.i8 c-6o o Primulas, per dozen 4 0-12 o Erica gracilis, doz. 9 0-12 01 Solanums, per doz. 6 o-j8 o — hyemalis, p. doz. 12 0-42 o ' Tulips, per dozen .. 8 0-12 o Cut Flowers. s. d. s. d. Lily of Val., 12 sprays 20-60 Mignonette, 12 bun. 12 0-18 o Narcissus, paper- white, 12 sprays . . 10-40 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 16-30 — zonal, 12 sprays 10-20 Primula, double, per bunch . . ..10-20 — single, 12 bunch. 6 0-12 o Roses (indoor), doz. 3 0-12 o Snowdrops, 12 bun. 10-60 Tropaeolum, iz bun. 20-60 Tuberoses, per dozen 30-60 Tulips, 12 blooms .. 10-30 Violets, 12 bunches 30-60 s. d. s. d. 06-10 4 o-r2 o 06-16 10-40 Abutilon, 12 blooms ArumLihes, i2blms, Azaleas, 12 sprays .. Bouvardias. per bun. Camellias, per dozen 10-90 Carnations, per dozen 16-40 Cineraria, izbunches 9 0-18 o Cyclamen, 12 blooms 03-10 Deutzia, 12 bunches 6 c-12 o Epiphyllum, 12 bims. 10-30 Eucharis, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o Euphorbia, 12 sprays 30-60 Gardenias, 12 blms.12 0-24 o Heliotropes, 12 sp. ..06-10 Hyacinths, 12 spks. 4 0-12 o — Roman, 12 spks. 10-30 BOTILTOlf & PAUL Horticultural Builders, Norwich. No. 64. PATENT PLANT PRESERVERS, Arranged to Blild on Brick. Walls. This is the Practical Gardener's and Nurseryman's favourite Frame, now largely used for storing the great quantities of bedding plants in winter, and in summer for growing Melons, S:c Section No. 64 shows the frame built on brickwork, with a pit sunk low enough for making a dung bed for growing Cucumbers, Meloi s, &c. This fcrm can be made up to any length required. (See List, free on application.) CASH PRICES, including two glass ends to each length, painted four times, glazed with 2[-oz. glass. Carriage paid. 100 2IEL0N and CTTCUMBER FRAMES Ready to dispatch on receipt of order. These Frames are made of the best red deal, thoroughly seasoned, and fitted by first-class workmen : 24 inches high at the back, 13 inches high in front ; painted three coats of good oil colour, glazed with the best 21-0Z. glass, every pane of which is nailed in and bedded in putty — the best method of glazing known, and adopted by the most eminent Builders and leading Nurserymen (see the Garden for January 13, 1877, p. 30). Iron handles to each light, and an iron strengthening bar across. Each light is 6 feet by 4 feet, and 2 inches thick. CASH PRICES. I 5. d. i-Light Frame 4 feet by 6 feet 2 o o 2-Light , 8 ,, 6 , 376 3-Light ,, 12 ,, 6 ,, 4 17 6 4- Light ,, r6 ,, 6 ,, 6 7 6 5-Light ,, 20 „ 6 , 7 17 6 6-Light „ 24 ,. 6 „ 979 No. 74. NEW THREE- aUARTER SPAN- ROOF GARDEN FRAME. Our illustration shows a New Frame for Growing Cucumbers, Melons, S:c., and for storing plants. It is made to give greater height and more convenience than the Melon Frame, No. 75. The front is 11 inches high, without the light. 32 inches high at the ridge, and 22 inches high at the back. The front lights can be turned back on the lights behind, and the hack lights turned on to the front lights, giving access to all the plants. They are made of the bsst red deal, sides and, ends \yi inch thick, 2 inch lights ; all are painted three times and glazed with 21-oz. sheet glass CASH PRICES-Carriagepaid. From front Gearing extra to 8 ft. Long. to back. size and upwards. Size. Feet. Feet. £ s. d. £ s. d. No. I .. 4 6 300 ~- No. 2 .. 8 6 415 o o IS o No. 3.. 12 6 6 10 o I 2 o No. 4. .16 6 8 5 o I 10 o No. 5 . . 20 6 10 o o I 16 o SPECIAL NOTICE.— Carriage paid to any railway station in England, also to Dublin, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, on order of 40s. and upwards. Breakage seldom occurs. Should any glass be broken we will send sufficient to repair it, carriage free. Packing Cases charged cost price, and half allowed when returned free to our Works. New Illustrated Catalogue of Greenhouses., Plant Preservers^ Melon Frames., &^c,^ post-free. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. 2l8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February ij, 1879. SPECIAL OFFER OF NURSERY STOCK, all transplanted, and well rooted. LAURELS, Portugal, i to ij^ foot, 12s. per 100; ij^ to 2 feet, extra fine, 25^. per 100 ; 2 to 2j^ feet, very fine, 30J. per 100. PICEA NORDMANNIANA, 2 to 3 feet, z%s. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, 245. per dozen. BOX, Handsworlh Broad-leaved, i to 2 feet, 15^. per 100 ; 1405. per lODO. CEDRUS DEODARA, 2 to 3 feet, \os. per dozen, 705. per lOD : 3 to 4 feet. 10s. per dozen. FIR, Larch, \% to 3 feet, 25^. per 1000; 2 to 3 feet, 30.1, per 1000. FIR, Spruce, i to ij4 foot, 25J. per 1000; 2 to 3 feet, 60^. per 1000. HAZEL, lYz to 2 feet, 15s. per 1000 ; 2 to 3 feet, ixs. per 1000. HORNBEAM, 3 to 4 feet, 30^. per 1000; Sycamore, 3 to ■^Yz feet, 20.r. per 1000. CHESTNUTS, Scarlet, very fine Standards. 12^. per dozen. LIMES, fine Standards, 8 to 10 feet, tos. per ico ; 10 to 12 feet, %os. per 100. THORNS, Paul's Double Crimson, Standards, gj. per dozen. VIRGINIAN CREEPERS, staked, strong, 15J. per 100. GOOSEBERRIES, mixed, strong, 12J. per 100 CURRANTS. White. 1.0s. per 100. PEACHES, Dwarf-trained, leading sorts. 245. per dozen. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton Cheap and Good. (The usual Discount to the Trade.) HBLANDFORD is prepared to ofter the • undermentioned NURSERY STOCK at exceptionally low prices, as quoted below, in order to clear the ground : — The quality cannot be surpassed. ROSES, Standards, loor. per 100. MANETTI STOCKS. 33J. per loco. VINES, Black Hamburgh, Buckland Sweetwater, &c., strong planting Canes, 30^. per dozen. CURRANTS, Red. 15s. per 100. [dozen. ABIES NORDMANNIANA. i^ to 2j^ feet, iSf. to 25^. per ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA, 4 feet, 7^. 6,% feet, perfect specimens, i8j. to 60^. per dozen. ,, ELEGANTISSIMA, iK to lYz feet, 15^. to 30J. per doz. „ SEMPERAURESCENS, i to 2 ft. 125. to 36^. per doz. ,, GIGANTEA. 3 to 4J4 feet, i\s. to -xps, per dozen. THUJOPSIS BOREALIS. 7 feet, 5.^. each. 50^. per dozen. YUCCAS, of sorts, iis. to 365. per dozen. HORNBEAM, 6 to g feet, 105. to joj-. per 100. BEECH, Common, 5 to 6 feet, \ts. per 100 HORSE CHESTNUT, 9 to 10 feet, 15^. per dozen. H. BLANDFORD. The Dorset Nurseries, Blandford. To the Trade.— Vines— Vines— Vines. WG. CALDWELL and SONS have • still extra strong fruiting Black Hamburgh VINES to offer, excellent stuff, at 5s. (id. each. Also azalea AMCENA CALDWELLII, well set with buds, i8.r. and 245. per dozen. APPLES. Standard, 40^. per 100. ,, Pyramid, dos. per 100. in all leading varieties. General CATALOGUE of Fruit Trees, Conifers, Roses, &c., post-free on application. ^^^^^ The Nurseries, Knutsford, Cheshire. .^ Coelogyne cristata. T) S. YATES has now in full bloom 30 or -^^» 40 Plants of the above, unequalled in the world. They have many thousand flowers upon them. A portion of the plants he offers for cash only, at from 2 to 2c guineas each. Sale ; and 24, Corporation Street, Manchester. In Memoriam. T> S. YATES' unequalled stock of lovely -t-^« FLOWERS, suitable for the making of Funeral Wreaths, Crosses, Garlands, &c., consisting of Camellias, Eucharis. Christmas Roses, Ccelogyne, Primroses, Hyacinths, Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Myrtle, Ferns, &c. Sale ; and 24, Corporation Street, Manchester. Grudge not, ye rich (since luxury will have, And half the world lives by procuring delicates for ye) ; Grudge not, ye rich, ye little know the care Of summer flowers [fruits] brought forth by wintry suns. Frogs, lice, and creeping things innumerable. Coivpcr. "DOUQUETS.— Wedding, Ball, and Table J—' Bouquets, unsurpassed and rarely equalled, can at all times be supplied from the vast collection of plants grown expressly for the above purpose. R. S. YATES must not be confounded with those who rely upon adventitious aid ; he is the producer of what he offers, and any orders once accepted will be executed in their integrity. 24, Corporation Street, Manchester ; and Sale, Cheshire, liosf* Tt*ppq RS. YATES has a large Stock of splendid • ROSE TREES, from the best growers in the world- Pauls, Turner, Keynes, &c. Standards, 24J. : Dwarfs, i2i. per dozen. Orders can now be given, and they will be sent at the proper time for planting. Also Tea and China Roses in pots. 24. Corporation Street, Manchester ; and Sale. Cheshire. Special Offer. GEORGE FARNSWORTH has to offer large quantities of the following, which are good and well rooted : — ALDER, 2 to 4 feet, 22,j. td. per loco ARBOR-VIT.^, American, 2-yr. seedling, ioj. per looo ASH, Mountain, i-yr., 3^. per 1000 ; 3 to 5 feet, 25^. per 1000 BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, 2-yr.. 5^. per looo ; i-yr. and i-yr. transplanted, icv. per 1000 BIRCH, lYz to 2 feet. 20s. per 1000 COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA, i-yr. cuttings, -zos. per 1000 HOLLY, Common, 9 to 15 inches, loos. per 1000 ; 13 to 18 inches, 130J. per 1000 LARCH, iJ4 to 1% feet, 22J. ^d. per 1000 LAUREL, Common, i-yr., fine. \os. per 1000 RHODODENDRON, s-yr. seedling, 5^. per 1000 ; 3-yr. and 2-yr. bedded, 10s. per 1000; 6 to 10 inches, e.xtra trans- planted, -JOS. per 1000 WHIN, Double, i-yr. cuttings, 6oj. per 1000 Samples on application at The Niirseries, Matlock. :K I C HAR D ; Sm IT H- 8^ C 2 • FIFTY ACRES of FRUIT TREES.— Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries, 'Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, and other Fruit Trees, as Standards, Dwarfs, Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety, all full of vigour and warranted true to name. Descriptive Price List, containing a sketch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure, Pruning, Lifting. Cropping. Treatment under Glass ; also their Synonyms, Quality, Size. Form, Skin. Colour, Flesh, Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season, Price, &c., for a penny stamp. TWELVE ACRES of ROSES.— Standard, Dwarf, and Climbing, all the popular sorts ; also 80,000 choice Tea Scented and Noisette Roses in pots; extra strong Roses in pots for immediate forcing. See Descriptive Price List, free for a penny stamp, /:iRAPE VINES and ORCHARD HOUSE VJT TREES in POTS. — Grape Vines, extra strong, and warranted free from phylloxera, oidium, and all disease ; Planting Canes, 35. td. to 5s. each; extra strong Fruiting Canes, -js. td. to iQs. 6d. each. Orchard-house Trees, fruiting in pots, con- sisting of Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, Plums. Cherries. Pears, Apples, and Figs. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp, WORCESTER PEARMAIN APPLE (awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horti- cultural Society). — One of the handsomest and most useful Apples in cultivation. For full description see "Extract from \.\\^ Journal of Horticulture, '' and Richard Smith & Co.'s Fruit List, which may be had for a penny stamp. Coloured Plates, (yd. each. Maiden Trees, \s. 6d. each ; Bushes, 35. each; Standards, Pyramid and Dwarf-trained Trees, 3.^, td, and 5^. each. HARDY HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS, their scientific and English names, height, colour, time of flowering, and other useful information. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. Collection of 100 beautiful hardy varieties for Garden Beds, Borders, or Rock- eries, for 30J. LIST of all the EVERGREEN FIR TRIBE, suitable for Britain, giving size, price, popular and botanical names, derivations, description, form, colour, foliage, growth, timber, use in arts, native country, and size there, situation, soil, and other information, with copious index of their synonyms. Free by post for six stamps. LIST of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising the best selections of Camellias, Azaleas, Ericas, Epacris, Ferns, S:c., free for a penny stamp. LIST of EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, RHODODENDRONS, STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES, CLIMBING and TWINING PLANTS, with their generic, specific, and English names, native country, height, time of flowering, colour, &c., and general remarks, free for a penny stamp. ALL kinds of GARDEN SEEDS, of first quality. BULBS. MUSHROOM SPAWN, TOBACCO PAPER, ARCHANGEL MATS, and other GARDEN RE(,)UI.SITES. See Lists, which may be had on nppIirRtion ;KICMARD SMITH8.C2,: Really Choice Seeds. GLOXINIA CRASSIFOLIA GRANDI- FLORA, magnificent strain, quite distinct, leaves broad, fleshy, and re- curving ; blooms very large and richly maiked .ind coloured. Erecta and horizontalis. sepa- rate or mixed, per packet. IS. and -zs. 6d. AURICULA, extra choice, mixed. Almost every plant from this seed will give blooms of exquisite colouring, distinct eye and mar- gin, and perfection in form. Per pkt. , is. 6d. PETUNIA, Double, large flowering. Most carefully hybridised ; yields a large percent- age of double flowers. Per packet, is. 6d. BEGONIA, Tuber- ous rooted. — From a superb collection con- taining all the splendid new introductions In this class. Per pkt., single. 2S. 6d. ; double, 2S. 6d. STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA.— Free-flowering variety from the Mauritius. Per packet, is. 6d., post-t'ree. JAMES TYNAN, 68, Great George Street. Liverpool. Fkancis&Arthur DiCKSON&SONS, 10G,Easteate St.^ r'nrCTTFO The UpixniNiuseriesV^ilL^i 1/It . YEGETABLE&'rLOWERSEEDS. SeedPotaloes&GardeiiKeqiiisites. QUALITY UNSURPASSED.CARRIAGE FREE. JllicstnitedCataloi/uei'Pc^tJ'ree, Early Peas for Marketing. THE BEST EARLY PEA IS SUTTON'S IMPROVED EARLY CHAMPION.— Extensively used by the principal Pea Growers. Ten days earlier than Daniel O'Rourke ; very prolific, good quality. ■ '-- Also: Sutton's Racehorse Prizetaker Champion of England Veitch's Perfection Invicta First and Best Forlyfold Advancer. Price per bushel and quarter on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. Reading. To the Trade. SPECIAL PRICES ON APPLICATION GEORGE COOPER, Seed Merchant, Hertford, begs to offer the following, of the choicest stocks : — BEET. Red.Cooper'sExcelsior ONION, White Spanish BROCCOLI. Hill's June i „ White Globe CUCUMBER, ImprovedTele- I ,, Bedfordshire Champion graph [Matchless CELERY, Cooper's Improved PARSLEY. Curled, Cooper's White SWEDE, Cooper's Improved B R O M P T O N STOCK, Large Purple-top Giant Scarlet TURNIP, ImprovedAberdeen CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, Green-top Yellow from large flowers. QUEEN of LILIES, LILIUM AURATUM. — Imported Bulbs are now arriving, and orders are so'icited. This lovely Lily is quite hardy, and should be gene- rally grown. Before ordering send for Lily List, where all parti- culars are given. Reduced Prices : — Size No. i, td.; No. 2, gt/. ; No, 3, ij. ; No. 4, IS. 6d. each. Special quotations to the 'I'rade. ORCHIDS. — Special oflTer of the following fine Orchids, for £^ 5^. (or other varieties in exchange for those not required) : — i plant Phalsenopsis Schillcriana, 2 plants Dendro- bium formosum giganteum, i plant Phalsenopsis grandiflora aurea, 4 plants Dendrobium cretaceum, i plant Saccolabium guttatum, I plant Dendrobium barbatulum, 3 plants Calanthe rubra and luteo oculata, i plant Dendrobium Pierrardi, i pot Limatodes rosea. AH orders to be accompanied by a remittance. Lily and Orchid LIST sent on application to WILLIAM GORDON, 10, Cullum Street, London, E.C, Lily Bulb and Plant Importer. Superbly Illuminated. GARDENING GUIDE. IS. post-free, gratis to purchasers of seeds. " The most beautiful volume yet published." "THE BEST" CUCUMBER, Foicing Yard-long (Freeman's). "THE BEST" CABBAGE. Large Rapid Summer (Freeman's). "THE BEST" CAULIFLOWER. Veitch's Autumn Giant. " THE BEST ■' BROCCOLI, February Protecting (Freeman's). " THE BEST " POTATOS, Schoolmaster and Snowflake. "THE BEST" ASPARAGUS ROOTS. Connover's Colossal. "THE BEST" VEGETABLE MARROW, Giant Long White (Freeman's). "THE BEST" ONION, Bedfordshire Champion (Freeman's). FREEMAN and FREEMAN {late C. R. Freeman), Economic Seedsmen, Norwich. W VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, near • Guildford, can now supply the undermentioned good strong and healthy plants : — 20,000 PLUM, Lent Withy, 4 to 5 feet. 40,000 ALDER, 4 to 5 feet. 20,000 SPANISH CHESTNUT, 2 to 3 feet. 20,000 MANETTI STOCKS. THORNS. Paul's Double, 6 feet PINUS AUSTKIACA, 5 to 6 feet. OAK, Scarlet, 6 to 7 feet. LIMES. 7 to 8 feet. Norway MAPLE, 10 to 12 feet. Horse CHESTNUT. 10 to 12 feet. SYCAMORE, 8 to 10 feet. S.ooo Standard ROSES. 5,000 Half-standard ditto. 5,000 Dwarfs on Manetti Stocks. Prices, &c., on application. To THE TRADE RHODODENDRONS. Hybrids, with bloom-buds. YEW.S, Common. 3 to 4 feet. ALDERS. 2 to 3 feet, and 3 to 5 feet. BIRCH, 2 to 3 feet, and 3 to 5 feet. BEECH. 3 to 4 feet. ^ CHESTNUTS. Horse, 3 to 12 (eet. ■ LARCH, Firs, I M to 2 feet. M HAZEL, 2 to 3 feet, and 3 to 4 feet. MANETTI STOCKS, very good and cheap. ARBOR-VITyE. Chinese, for stock. DEUTZIA GRACILIS. SWEET BRIER. 2 feet. WILLIAM FLETCHER, The Nurseries, Ottershaw. Chertsey. HOICE FLOWER SEEDS, c STOCK. East Lothian, very select strains. „ Crimson, superb. For opinions of eminent Horticulturists, see Advertisement in Gardeners' Chronicle of Jan. 18. ,, Purple, Scarlet, White, and White Wallflower-leaved, per packet, 6(f., IS., and is- 6d. ASTER. Betteridge's superb Quilled Globe (seed direct from Mr. Betteridge). ,, 24 varieties, separate, including latest novelties, 2s. f>d. ,, 12 ditto ditto, IS. 6d. ,, mixture of 24 splendid varieties: per packet 3^., 6d., and if. MARIGOLD, superb Gold-striped French, saved from per- fectly double, beautifully striped flowers, ex. ex.; per packet. €>d. and is. COCKSCOMB, Sime's superb strain. First Prize at Carlisle International Show, and wherever exhibited. Was shown at Edinburgh with comb over 40 inches long. Per packet, is. and 2,s. 6d. PANSY, Show, from a superb collection of named E.vhibition varieties : per packet. i,r. and 2s. td. ,, Fancy, from a first-rate collection of named flowers : pw packet, IS. and 2s. 6d Above free by post. TODD AND CO., Seedsmen and Florists, Maitland Street, Edinburgh. February 15, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 219 pABBAGE PLANTS, SEEDS, ROOTS, V--^ &c. — Finest Selected Stock, of all kinds, for the Farm or Garden. Largest and Best Stock in the Kingdom. "Gee's superior Bedfordshire-grown plants and seeds have attained much celebrity." — "The soils cf the district ofiFer facilities enjoyed at few places for bringing away plants, seeds, roots. &:c., and under the skill and perseverance of Mr. F. Gee they are turned to good account." — Vide Opinions of the Press. Large Cash buyers treated with on the most liberal and advantageous terms. 1879 Select CATALOGUE, also Special Trade LIST, may be had on application to FREDERICK GEE, Wholesale and Retail Seed and Plant Grower. Seed Merchant, and Nurseryman, Biggleswade, Beds, RHODODENDRON PONTIGUM. J J. MARRIOTT has a fine stock of the • above, and can supply nice bushy plants, 4 to 6 inches, at 60s. per loco ; 6 to 9 inches, at 8as. per 1000 ; 9 to 12 inches, lOf. td. per 100 ; 12 to 15 inches, 15s. per 100 : 15 to 20 inches, 151. per ICO. Also 2. 3, and 4-yr. Seedlings, from 4^. to •js. 6d. per 1000. The Trade supplied. Samples on application, Highfield Nurseries, Matlock, Derbyshire. THE BEST MANURE. CARTER'S FERTILISER FOR FLOWERS. CARTER'S FERTILISER FOR POTATOS. CARTER'S FERTILISER FOR VEGETABLES. Professor Church says, " I am much pleased with the thoroughly satisfactory character of Carter's Fertiliser." Price IS. gd. and 4s. Cd. per tin. Cheaper in larger quantities. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Hoiborn, London. I L LE R AND JOHNSON (Established 1855) Manufacture the highest quality of ARTIFICIAL MANURES For Root, Corn, and Grass Crops. 36, Mark Lane, London. For Every Garden. THE NEW FRENCH MANURE, LE FLORAL, surpasses all others. FOR VEGETABLES LE FLORAL increases the quantity, FOR FLOWERS LE FLORAL increases size and brightens colour, FOR TREES, &c. LE FLORAL increases verdure and luxuriance. For testimonials, prices, and full particulars apply to The Sole Agents for England, SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. PEAT, Black or Brown fibrous, of superior quality for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Orchids, Sic, at £4 per 6-ton truck, put on rail at Camberley Station, South Western Railway. — Address, W. TARRY. Bagshot, Surrey. EAT for RHODODENDRONS and ordi- nary POT PLANTS, in trucks containing 14 yards or loads, pat on rail at Ringwood Station, £2 'S^- Carriage paid to London or any Station on the L. & S. W. Railway, £^ 55. per truck of fourteen loads. Cash or reference. J. PRVER, Manager, Peat Stores, Vauxhall Station and Ringwood. Fibrous Peat for Orcliids, &c. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quaUty for Orchids. Stove Plants, i^c, £6 6s. per truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 15J. per ton. Delivered on rail at Blackwater, S. E. R., or Farnborough, S. W. R., by the truckload. Sample bag, 4s. ; 5 bags, zoi. ; 10 bags, 36^. Bags, ^d, each. Tresh SPHAGNUM, los. td. per bag. WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants. PEAT SOIL, PEAT SOI L.— BROWN FIBROUS, good quality, for Orchids, Pot Plants, Ferns, &c., £(> 6s. per truck. BLACK, cood quality for American Plants, Rhododendrons. Azaleas, Heaths. &c.. 17^. per ton, or 6-ton truck for £4 los. Delivered on rail at Black- ivater, S.E.R., or Camberley, S. W.R,, by the truckload. C.l.sh with order. Sample sack. 5s. 6d., or four sacks. 20^. HOLDER AND SON, Crown Nurseries, Reading. ~ PEAT. South of England Horticultural Peat Lands. p R. HOLLOWAY, Christchurch, Hants. Vy. BROWN, FIBROUS, light-weighing PEAT, of excellent quality, for Orchids. Ferns. &c , well cut in Turfs, and carefully loaded into Railway Trucks, at 17J. 6d. per ton; in loads o( 4 tons and upwards. Some also at 131. 6d. per ton, 4 tons and upwards. Carriage rates given. Sample Bag, c,s. ; Five Bags, 21J. : Twelve Bags, 40^. ARDEN REQUISITES.— COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, as supplied to Her Majesty and most of the leading Nurserymen and Gardeners. 2d. per bushel : 100 for 20^. : truck (loose, 250 bush.), 30^. 4-busheI bags, 4d. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. 6./. per sack; 5 sacks, 25s. ; 12 for 45^., or 36J. per ton. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks 22^. ; 12 for 40J., or 34J. per ton : sacks. 4d. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, is. gd. per bushel; 151. half ton, 26s. per ton ; in i cwt. bags, 4d. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT MOULD, and LEAF MOULD. IS. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, Bs. 6d. per sack. Manures, Garden Sticks, Virgin Cork, Tobacco Cloth and Paper, Russia Mats. &c. Write for free PRICE LIST. Goods free to rail. H. G. SMYTH. 10. Castle Street, Endell Street, Long Acre,W.C. nOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.— V.^ Reduced Price :— In 4 bushel bags, bags included, at is., or truckload of about 250 bushels, 251. (truckload delivered free to rail in London). Post-office Order or Cheque will oblige with all orders.— J. STEVENS and CO., Greyhound Yard and 134, High Street. Battersea, S.W. nOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, i^ ■V.^ supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society.— Four-bushel bag (bag included), ij. ; 30 bags (bags included), 201. ; truck free to rail, 25^. I RICH (late Finlayson & Hector), Cocoa-Nut Fibre Works, B4 aad 25, Redmans Row, Mile End Road, London, E. R, C L A Y'S FERTILISE Or PLANT FOOD, Is now respectfully offered to the Public, after having been thoroughly tested and approved, during the last three years, by the principal Market Growers and Gardeners. It is a powerful and lasting Manure, quick in action, and clean and safe to use. See correspondence in Gardeners,' Chronicie, Oct. 5. 12, ig, and 26. To be had of Seedsmen, Nurserymen, and Florists, in packets, i,r. ; and in bags, H cwt., js. 6d. ; % cwt., i2S. 6d. ; icwt.,205.: or by letter addressed to 174. High Street, Homerton. London, E. References can be given to over 200 of the principal Nurserymen and Florists. Safe and Certain. SIMPSON'S RED SPIDER and THRIP ANTIDOTE. Per quart, condensed, 6s. ; per pint, 3,1. 6d Supplied to Seedsmen and Chemists. Prepared by JOHN KILNER, Wortley. Sheffield. /T^I S H U R S T C O M P O U N D.— V_^ Used by many of the leading Gardeners since 1859, against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from i to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Sold Retail by Seedsmen in Boxes, is., 3^., and las. 6d. Wholesale by PRICE'S P.ATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). A JAMES' Genuine Roll-made TOBACCO -L^» RAG and PAPER, for Fumigating Greenhouses, has always given great satisfaction to those who use it. Read testi- monials, post-free. iO(/. per pound : to the trade, 5 per cent, re- duction.—44, Hampton Street. Walworth Road, London, S.E. ARCHANGEL, |V>IAT-Q PETERSBURG PACKING IVIA I O ETC. BAFFIA for TYING, TRAINING STICKS and LABELS, Bamboo Canes, Virgin Cork, Qr'c. C. J. BLACKITH AND CO., COX'S QUAY, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON. Wholesale Russia. Mat Merchants. MARENDAZ AND FISHER, Importers of ARCHANGEL and ST. PETERSBURG MATS, RAFFIA FIBRE, &c. Manufacturers of TANNED NETTING, TIFFANY, and other Garden Requisites. Q, James Street. Covent Garden, W.C. ARCHANGEL AND PETERSBURG MAT MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. T BLACKBURN AND SONS O • can now supply HEAVY PETERSBURG MATS, and all the usual kinds for covering and packing. ARCHANGEL MATS specially quoted. Price Lists of all on application at 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London, E.C. N.B. Buyers please state if Mats are required for covering, packing, or tying, and the goods will be selected accordingly. ANDERSON'S RUSSIA MATS For COVERING, TYING, and PACKING, are highly recommended for durability and cheapness. De- scriptive Catalogue sent post-free on application. SACKS and BAGS of every description. TARPAULINS, HORSE- CLOTHS. ROPES. LINES, and TWINES.— JAMES T, ANDERSON, 149, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E. To Orchid Growers. BASKET S. — Superior made. Teak-wood ; galvanised or copper wire used. Sample Basket sent carriage paid on receipt of 24 stamps. List of Prices on appli- cation. Reference to several Prize Growers. ALFRED GRANT AND CO., Steam Works, 39M, Leather Lane, London. E.C. Rosher's Garden Edging Tiles. c. T HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they harbour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and m great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO, Manufacturers, Upper Ground Sueet, Blackfriars, S.E.; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ; Kmgsland Road. E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES," PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c. , from 3^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheets of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies. Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of ail kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c. T. ROSHER AND CO., Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SI L ~V E R S~A N D, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by Post per Ton or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. Send for a PRICE LIST of BLAKE'S SELF-ACTING HYMATILIC EAIS, For Raising Water for the Supply of Villages, Irrigation, Railway Stations, Mansions, Fountains, Farms. No Cost for Motive Power, which is obtained from the Stream of Water passing through the Rams. NO OILING OR PACKING REQUIRED Made in sizes to raise from 300 to 100,000 Gallons per day. WILL FORCE TO A HEIGHT OF 1500 FEET. This Ram will raise a part of the same water that works it, or will raise pure water from a well whilst it is worked by a stream of impure water. TESTIMONIALS. From the Right Hon. T. Sothern Estcourt, Esicoiirt Park, Gloucestershire , September 6, 1875. "You will be glad to hear, as I am to tell you, that your Self-acting Hydraulic Ram has worked exceedingly well and continuously since it was erected, more than twelve months ago. It is, in fact, perfectly successful." (The delivery pipe in the above case is 4200 feet long, with 100 feet rise.) From Captain Townshend, JFine/tam, February 10, 1877. " In answer to your enquiry, I am glad to say the Hydraulic Ram you sent me in November, 1875, is working exceedingly well, and gives no trouble. It will work when quite immersed, as it has been several times during the floods this winter, forcing up water through a delivery pipe 900 yards long at the rate of 80,000 gallons per day, although you only promised 50,000." From W. Scarth, Esq., Agent to His Grace the Duke of Cleveland, Raby Castie, Darlington, July 16, 1878. " The Hydraulic Ram you supplied to his Grace the Duke of Cleveland in 1875 is a complete success. It worked for more than two years without once stopping, and throws more water than promised." Deamuaier^ Wilttzslow, Noveviber 20, 1873. "Dear Sir, — In answer to your enquiries respecting the Hydraulic Ram you supplied me with six months ago, I beg to state that I am more than satisfied with it, as it is in perfect order, sending up to the top of the house about 2000 gallons of water in the twenty-four hours, whereas you only contracted to deliver in that time 500 gallons. I have, therefore, every reason to be well pleased with your work, and more especially as I had a Ram supplied me by another maker which could not send up a single gallon of water to the height required, and a second maker informed me that no Ram with a fall of 3 feet could send up water to the distance required, namely, 120 feet. But yours is an accomplished fact, and does its work most effectually. — I am, yours truly, L. Hanmer." From John Taylor, Esq., Tfu RocTss^ Bath, Aug, 22, 1878. " The Self-acting Hydraulic Ram you fixed here in March ot last year continues to work well. It has only the same quantity of water and fall to work it as the water-wheel and pump which I used previously to force to a height of 294 feet, and yet the Ram sends up more than double the quantity of water than the wheel did to the same height." y^rtiw John Pennington, Esq., Evimott Hall, near Colne, December "zx., 1868. *' Sir,^The Self-acting Hydraulic Ram you supplied me with nine months ago continues in excellent condition. It receives water from a spring through a 2-inch pipe, of which it forces 3600 gallons per day of twenty-four hours to a height of 90 feet, exceeding all you promised, and far surpassing the water-wheel and force pumps which it has displaced. Its cost is small, it occupies but little space (2 square feet), and in mechanical detail is simplicity itself. I have much pleasure in recom- mending it as a cheap and efficient method of raising water." JOHN BLAKE, ENGINEER, ACCRINGTON. 220 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 13, 1879. TERRA-COTTA more durable than Stone.— Vases, Tazzas, Flower Trays, Pedestals, Balustrades, Brackets, Terminals, Cornices, &C. For designs and prices apply to JOHN M. BLASHFIELD, 42. Berners Street, W. Indestructible Terra-Cotta Plant Markers. MAW AND CO.'S PATENT.— Prices, Printed Patterns, and Specimens, sent post- fiee on application; also Patterns of Ornamental Tile Pave- ments for Conservatories. Entrance Halls, &c. MAW AND CO., Benthall Works, Broseley. Under the Patronage of the Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BI.ACK-PACED LETTERS. The Gardeners' Magazine says: — "We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samoles and Price Lists free. J. SMITH. The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon. S T E "V !E T^ S ' TRENTHAM GREENHOUSE BOILER, After lon^ experience, has proved the most SIMPLE, ECONOMICAL, EFFECTUAL, and LASTING BOILER extant ; recently improved. See Testimonials from Highest Authorities. For Illustrations, with full particulars, aoplv to the Sole Makers, F. & J. SILVESTER. HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, &c., &c., Castle Hill Works. Newcastle, Staffordshire. SS" Our Boilers are the only ones made with the sanction and under the inspection of the inventor, Mr. Stevens— all others being base imitations. THE GRAVEL- WALK METAL SCRAPER MATS.— They improve the appearance of Entrances, are suitable for all kmds of Gravel-walk Entrances, in all weathers, either to lemove the loose grit after summer showers, or the dirt or snow of winter. Their texture gives a firjn Jtold to tltefcet 171 iv/tatevcr direction yon step. They are the width of an ordinary step, and being directly in the path cannot escape use, save much wear in other mats, floorcloths, and carpets, and their endurance is incalculable. Lengths, 2 feet 3 inches, price 10s. ; 2 feet 6 inches, 12,?. ; 3 feet, 145. : 3 feet 4 inches, 1.6s. ', 3 feet 8 inches, i8.s. ; 4 feet, 'zos. All 12 inches wide. Tidcombe's Patent Gravel-walk Metal Scraper Mats are suitable for Mansions, Villas, French Casements, Conservatories, Hothouses, Greenhouses, Flower Gardens, Kitchen Gardens, Places of Worship, Colleges, Schools, Manufactories, Hotels, Public Institutions, and all Entrances leading from Sandy, Gritty, or Gravel Walks. Delivered on Railway on receipt of re- mittance, payable to G. TI DCOM BE and SON.Watford, Herts. PHEASANTRY Wl REWORKS. Notice of RemovaL RHOLLIDAY begs respectfully to inform • his Patrons and Friends that he has removed his Business of Horticu[.tural Iron and Wire Works, from 2a, Portobello Terrace, Netting Hill Gate, to more extensive and commodious premises, situated in BEAUFORT STREET, CHELSEA, S.W., at the same time thanking them for their past favours and trusts for their support and patronage in the future. New Address : — R. HOLLIDAY, HORTICULTURAL IRON and WIREWORKS. " The Pheasantry," Beaufort Street, Chelsea, London, S,W. For Garden and Conservatory U'irework see Itlustrated Cataiogne. BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, Patentees and Manufacturers of Wrought Iron CONTINUOUS BAR FENCING, Iron Hurdles, Strained Wire Fencing, Field and Entrance Gates, Tree Guards, &c., VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON. and 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London, E.G. Catalogues free on application. A Crop of Fniit in Spite of Frost. .=. J PARHAM'S PATENT GLASS COPING, Many miles are in use. Testimonials and Prospectus free. Price, with 21-oz. glass and painted iron framing, 2 feet wide, 2J. dd. ; 3 feet wide, 35. goT. per foot run. Orders amounting to £,■>, carnage paid. WM. PARHAM, Northgate Works, Bath, and 280, Oxford Street, London, W. Specimens on view at either address. HIGHEST AWARD. GOLD JvTeDAL TO 'J. J. THOMAS & CO. Paris Exhibition, 1878, Tor Wire applied to Horticultural Purposes. . PEA AND SEED GUARDS. GREAT SUCCESS. REDUCED PRICES. SEASON 1879. Superior Quality. Galvanised after made. NEW PATTERN WITH DIAGONAL STAYS. No. 76. 3 feet long, 6 inches wide, 6 inches high. The above are strongly recommended, being much smaller in the mesh than the ordinary diamond pattern, and proof against the smallest birds. Orders executed on receipt. Illustrated and Priced Catalogues of Horticultural Wirework and Fittings for Wiring Walls on application. Ten per Cent, discount allowed fur cash with order. Special quotations for large qua7itities. 3. J. THOMAS & CO., Paddington Iron and Wlreworks, 285 and 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W. P.O. Orders to be made payable at 310, Edgware Road. BOULTON & PAUL, MANUFACTURERS OF NEW and IMPROVED POULTRY FENCES. This fence is a much stronger description of fencing than the lattice panels with loose standards, and is more portable, being made in lengths 6 feet long with double pronged feet. A run or pen can be formed of any length or shape without extra cost ; it is easily fixed or removed ; the gate can be placed in any part of the fence. Prices:- 6 feet high, including all necessary Bolts and Nuts 5i. per yard. Doorway complete. 2 feet wide, including Standards and Arched Stay . . . , . 13J. 6d. each. Angle-iron Pillars for Comers, with Cast Orna- ments js. each. Carriage paid on orders of 40s. value. Orders executed on receipt, NEW POULTRY LIST, with Illustrations, on application, BOULTON AND PAUL, Norwich, THE SOLE HIGHEST AWARD AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION, FOR GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. THE SILVER MEDAL And the Report of the Jury that J. B. BROWN & CO.'s Netting was the Finest in the Exhibition. Also tlie Sole Hlgliest Awards at Vienna, 1873, Philadelphia Centennial, 1876, aitd whcreTcr the Netting has been exhibited. Prices per Lineal Yard, 24 in. high : — Size of Mesh. Mostly used for V rt 0 Or Light. 3 0 18 i8 18 Or Medi- um. u a Or Strong. 2 in. 11 in. liin. Dogs or Poultry . Small Rabbits, &c. Smallest Rabbits. 19 19 5\d. 4{«'. 6\J. 17 17 17 5id. 6\d. 8c/. •.' IRON HURDLES, IRON BAR and WIRE FENC- ING. GATES, &c. FRUIT ESPALIER and WALL WIRING MATERIALS. PRICE LISTS free on application. J. B. BROWN & CO., 90. CANNON STREET, LONDON. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL IRON WORKS, .b' TA FFORDSHIRE j 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C.; and 180, BUCHANAN STREET, GLASGOW. GALVANISED FITTINGS FOR Wiring Garden Walls^ Training Fruit Trees. Admitted by every practical gardener to be an immense im- provement upon the old system of nails and shreds, no damage being done to the wall, and the tying being effected in a much better manner and in a quarter of the time ; all the fittings are galvanised, thus making them imperishable PRICES s d GALVANISED EYES for Guiding the Wires upon the Walls . . . . ..04 per dozen. GALVANISED TERMINAL HOLD- FASTS ; two required for each line of wire . . . . .. . . ..19 ,, GALVANISED RAIDISSEURS, for Straining the Wires . . . . ..30 „ WINDING KEY for same o 4 each. EYE BOLTS, to use instead of Raidis- seurs .. .. .. .. ■• 3 o per dozen. Best No. 14 GALVANISED WIRE .. 2 o per 100 yards. Carriage paid upon all Orders 0/ 40s. and up-.i'ards. MAIN'S WALL FITTINGS and ESPALIERS New Improvements and Reduced Prices for tlie Season 1878 to 1879. Per dozen — s. JL GALVANISED RAIDISSEURS 3 " „ STRAINING SCREWS and HOLDFASTS ..40 „ CLIMAX EYES, 2"^ inches 04 „ TER.VIINAL HOLDFASTS i « Galvanised Wire Trellis for Training Creepers, »c, ■iYxd. per square foot, including Holdfasts. Price Lists free. A. & J. MAIN & CO., 108, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C FenRl-ARY IJ, 1879.] Tl-IE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 221 TWO HIGHEST A V^ A R D S PHILADELPHIA, 1876, PRIZE MEDAL. PARIS, 1878, SILVER MEDAL. The Jury Reports are not vet published. Jury Report : — ' Excellence in diagonal weaving of a low-priced fabric." FOR GALVANISED Prices per Lineal Tard, 2 feet wide. Mesh. Mostly used for. Gauge. Light. Gauge. Medium Gauge. Strong. Inch. d. rf. s. d. 2 Rabbits & Hares . . «9 3 i8 3K 17 o 4K 1^8 Rabbits, &i. 19 3'A i8 4 , '7 o 4^4 iM Small Rabbits .... '9 4,, i8 4K 17 o 6 ( I Pheasan tries 19 7% i8 9 »7 I o AVIRE NETTING Have been awarded to the Inventors and Ort'oinal Manufacturers of iMachine-inade Wire A'ett/nj^ BARNARD, BISHOP & BARNARDS, Norfolk Ironworks, NORWICH, And 91, 93, and 95, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. LEGION OF HONOUR (Paris Exhibition) : GOLD MEDAL. W. H. Lascelles, HOETICULTUEAL BUILDEE, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. RANGE of PATENT BENT WOOD CURVED VINERIES, PLANT HOUSES, ^ Has a thoroiigh knowledge of the profession in all its branches. Can be highly recommended by present and previous employer.— Wife a first-rate Needlewoman. — W. L., Mr. Debron, The Nurseries, West End, Ely. /^ARDENER (He.\d, Working), where V.^ two or more are kept.— Age 26, single; twelve years' practical experience in all branches of Gardening. Excellent character. State wages.— H., i, Clifton Terrace, Nightingale Road, Wood Green, N. r:j.ARDENER(HEAD, Working), where four V^ or more are kept.— Age 32, married, no family ; Early and Late Forcing. Three years' character. Highly re- commended. Total abstainer.— GARDENER, Garrick°s Villa, Hampton, Middlesex. GARDENER (Head, Working), where two or three are kept.— Married ; understands Garden- ing in all branches. Seven years in present place. Good relerences.- CHARLES GARDENER, Perryhill.Worplesdon, Guildford. ARDENER (Head, Working). —Age 27 ; married, no family : well up in the management of Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants' Kitchen and Flower Garden. Eleven years* good character from last situation.— T. HALLETT. Brymore Lodge, Cannington, near Bridgwater. r^ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 40, VJ married : thorough practical knowledge of the profession in all Its branches. Land and Stock if required. Eight years' good character from his present employer. Wife could give good assistance in the Kitchen or House.-"" '%ENRY DOWNE, Brockly Hall, Brockly. Kent. ^^ GTo Noblemen and Gentlemen. ARDENER (Head, Working).— Married, no encumbrance : thoroughly understands the profession in all Its branches. Cattle and Meadow Land. Wife take charge of Poultry, Dairy or Lodge if required. Several years' good character.— L. G., Messrs. Jackson & Son, Kingston-on- Ihames. (^ARDENER (Head, or good Single- V^ handed).— Age 25 ; understands Gardening in all its branches. Good character.— H. STEVENS, 7, William Street Gravesend, Kent. ' rj.ARDENER (Head, or good Second).— "^ Age 25 ; understands Stoves and Greenhouses, Vines Cucumbers, &c. Good references.— A. Z., The Castle, Bishop Auckland, Durham. ' ARDENER (Foreman, or Single- HANDED.— Age 23, single : thoroughly understands his duties. Seven years' experience. Good character. No objection ' to bothy. State wages.— J. B., Library, Barkway, Royston Herts. GJ. ARDENER. — Married. Understands " Kitchen and Flower Gardening, Greenhouse &c — W Ashgate Road, Chesterfield. A R D E N E R.— A Gardener wishes to recommend a young married man as above, where a Lad H^fs ^"'^'^"■^''•^l'- ^^- ANDREWS, 27, Ewart Road, Forest /^ARDENER.— Age 35, married, one child ; V.^ understands Fruit, Kitchen, and Flower Garden \'ine5 Melons, and Cucumbers. Left late employer through death! Good references.— W. B., The Horseshoes, Hatfield Road, Herts. /^ARDENER.— W. Johnstone, Gardener to >^ the Marchioness Camden, can highly recommend his late Foreman to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good practical Gardener ; age 29, married when suited. Four years' undeniable character.— W. JOHNSTONE, Bayham Abbey. Lamberhurst, Kent. /^LARDENER (Single-handed, or where v-« one or more are keDt).-Mamed, no children. Good reference.— E. D., Wheeler's, Florist, &c., Farnham, Surrey. GARDENER (Working).— Age 35, married, no family. Six years' character. — JAS. HOLLAND Catsfield, Battle, Sussex. GA R~E)ENER (Second). —Age 21 ; ^x years' experience, three years in present situation. — G. R., Hampstead Lane, Dorking. Surrey. GARDENER (Second), in a Gentleman's establishment. — Age 24 ; good reference from present situation.— W. H., The Gardens. Oakwood. Crayford. Kent. (;:j_ARDENER (Under, in a good place, or -* SiNGLii'HANDED) ; age 24. single.— R.GinBENS, Gardener to the Hon. Mrs. Needham, The Chaiet. Lindfield, Sussex, can with confidence recommend a young Man. Please state wages. GARDENER (Under), where he can im- prove himself under Glass. —Age 21 ; three years' ex- perience. Good ch.*racter. — C. S., 22, Chapel Street, Rugby. ARDENER (Under), where he can im- prove himself — Age 20, single. Four years' good cha- racter from last situation.— H. D.,Wood Green Post-office, N. ARDENER (Under), — Age 24 ; t^ years and seven months in last situation.— M. CHARLTON, Havelock Street, Race-Common Road, Barnsley, Yorkshire. /^ARDENER (Under).— Age 24, single; V-/^ ten years' experience m good establishment. Good character. Bothy preferred.- R. A., Nunthorpe Hall Gardens, Northallerton. Yorkshire. T ANDSCAPE GARDENER, GARDEN -■— ^ architect, &c. , to a firm of Nurserymen, or to undertake the Laying-out of a New Place, or Improvement of an Old one for a Gentleman. — A man of great experience and superior taste, a good Draughtsman and Accountant, accus- tomed to making estimates.— H. H., 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Tj^OREMAN.— Age 24 ; eight years' experi- J- ence : practical. Tes.imonials.— R. HALE, Groombridge. Tunbridge Wells T^OREMAN, in a good Establishment. ■■*-, ,Age 27, single ; twelve years' experience —J. C. E., 8. Laburnum Place, Bellis Sireet, Edgbaston, Birmingham, T[iOREMAN.— William Kemp, The Garde^, V u ^'"'^''P f^^^"' Worcester, having been Foreman there in the Houses lor the Last three years, wishes a re-engagement in a good garden eslablishment. Can be highly recommended. Tj^OREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's ■A- estate. Well up in Plant Growing. Three and a half years reference from present situation.— E. S., The Gardens St. Clares, Ryde. Isle of Wight. "POREMAN in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's -"•- Garden.— Age 28 ; understands Fruit Growing in all iis branches, also Cucumbers and Melons and Softwood stuff, twelvemonths' character from last situation. — A. Z I Baugham, Balh Road, Cheltenham. XpORE.MAN and PROPAGATOR in a small -•- Nursery, where Cut Blooms, &c , for home trade are in greatdemand.-J. A.,4, St. Stephen Terrace, Albert Square, Clapnam, Surrey. "POREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— J- Successful Propagator and Grower both of Hard and Soft-wooded Stuff, also Vines, Roses, Clematis, &c.— T. S 6. Overton Terrace. Clive Vale, Hastings Tj^ ORE MAN, PROPAGATOR, and -L GROWER for Market —Age 32 ; eighteen years' expe- nence Excellent character.— X. Y. Z., John High, Older's Hill, Church End, Finchley, N. X^'GREMAN, or good SECOND, in a Noble- f- ,";»n'^ Of Gentleman's Garden.— Age 25, single; good knowledge of Early and Late Forcing of Vines, Peaches, Cucum- bers, also Stove and Greenhouse Plants. T en j e irs' experi- ence.—A. J. BRACE, Beauport Gardens, Hollington, near Hastings, Sussex. (^ENERAL FOREMAN (Outdoor), in a V^ Nursery.— Age 24 ; good experience. Satisfactory refer- ences can be given. -JAMES ROBERTSON, Newton Nurseries, Chester. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or mider ?r . '"^ Foreman.— Age 20 ; good references.— H. W. The Gardens, Heronden Hall. Tenterden, Kent, JO.URNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's Estab- /.. 'ishtnent.-Age 23. Good reference.— R. BURSTON Ihe Gardens, Froyle Park, Alton, Hants. ' T O U R N E^ M"Al^n"T Nobleman's " . °; Gentleman's establishment. — Age 22 Scotch ■ having had experience in Houses, Kitchen GardetJ would be Yorkshli •^'""" '"' ^"'""' Knaresborough, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in good A "'^'j'"^'""''?'--Age 21 ; six years' experience. Three and a-half years good character. Total abstainer. North Sime"' ' "■ "°^''' S'""™". Upper Tooting, PROPAGATOR and PLANT GROWER , (Indoors) also had practice in Bouquet making. Good references^. J^,Js^llsPlace^tanwix, Carlisle. PROPAGATOR and HOUSEIvIANAGER. w u^^^^'''' "'""'id- G'od knowledge of General Nurserv Work, tour years with present employers, Jlessrs. Little & Ballantyne. -R. M., Church Street, Stanwix, Carlisle. PRUIT and ROSE GROWER in a Nursery s7 ri~'^',"^ ?5''"' '='^P"'':n«— A. B., 13, Russell Terrace, ot. Clements, Worcester. pOSE-GROWER.-Well up in Budding and f;k-kv "§• •"""■"'"S .f" Bloom, Executing Orders, and txhibiling. Present employer will give him the highest recom- mendation,-G. B., The Nurseries. Castle Street, Salisbury JMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentle- -L man's Garden. — Can be highly recommended. — W PELLETT, Upper Froyle, Alton, Hants. JMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.— J- Age 21 ; good character. — H. B., 29, Trafalgar Grove, East Greenwich, S.E. IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden or a Nursery.— Age 18.— A. B., 37, Upper Norwood Street, Cheltenham. JMPROVER, under the Foreman, in a large -L garden, where two or more are kept. — Age 21 ; used to Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, &c. "Two and a half years' character from present situation.— T. SMITH, Sudbrooke Holme, Lincoln. To Nurserymen, Florists, &c. MANAGER, In and Outdoor.— Experience d in Planting, &c.— A. B., i3, Kensington Place, Netting Hill, W. To the Seed Trade. IVJANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN.— -^'-L Twenty-one years' experience in all branches. Good references.— W. TODD, Messrs. Rollisson & Sons', The Ntirseries, Tooting, S.W. To Nurserymen and Seedsmen. SHOPMAN (Head), or to MANAGE a Seed Business (also thorough knowledge of Book-keep- ing) : great experience— upwards of twenty years at Pine-ipple Nursery, Maida Vale, W. Highest references as to ability, stability, and integrity.— A. J. JONES, 6, Blenheim Villas, Abbey Road, St. John's Wood. London, N.W. QHOPMAN (Head), or TRAVELLER.— ^ Fourteen years' experience. Good references.— W., Messrs. Minier, Nash & Nash. 60, Strand, London, W.C. iTo Nurserymen. A SSISTANT in a good Nursery, outdoor -^-^ preferred. Three years' experience. Good penman, &c. — R. DOUMAN, Spillman's Court Nursery, Stroud, Glouces- tershire. To the Seed Trade. A SSISTANT.— Three and a half years' ex- -^^i- perience. Good references.- X. Z., Mr. Burgess, High Street, New Thornton Heath, near Croydon. ASSISTANT (Junior), in a Retail Seed -i^A, Shop. — Age 18. Manchester or neighbourhood preferred. — VV. W., Messrs. G. Cooper & Co., Seed Merchants, Derby. J^INAHAN'S LL WHISKY J7" I N A K HAN'S LL WHISKY. Pure, Mild and Mellow, Delicious and Most Wholesome. Universally recommended by the Profession. The Cream of Old Irish Whiskies INAHAN'S LL WHISKY. Dr. Hassall says—" Soft and Mellow, Pure, well Matured, and of very excellent ciuality." HAN'S LL WHISKY. edal, Paris Exhibition, 1878: Dublin Exhibition, Medal.— 20, Great Titchfield Street, London, W. KI N A Gold M 1865, the Gold LAZENBY AND SON'S PICKLES, • sauces, and CONDIMENTS.-E. LAZENBY AND SON, sole proprietors of the celebrated recipes, and manufacturers of the pickles, sauces, and condiments so long and favourably distinguished by the name, beg to remind the public that every article prepared by them is guaranteed as entirely unadulterated.— 92, Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square (late 6. Edward Street. Pottman Square), and 18, Innity Street, London, S E. JJARVEY'S SAUCE.— CAUTION.— The J-J- admirers of this celebrated sauce are particularly requested to observe that each bottle prepared by E. LAZENBY AND SON bears the label, used so many years signed '* Elizabeth Lazenliy." E P P S ' S GRATEFUL {yaiiu-s Epps &-= Co., Hoimvopathk Chemists.) COMFORTING COCOA. D Instant Relief to Coughs by R. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS .1 u ~^','°li'r y- R'^'''='=K. Bookseller, Northia,,,.-'- I divided the box of Wafers between two persons, and both experienced instant relief Asthma, Consumption, Coughs. Bronchitis, Colds and Rheumatism, are instantly relieved and ranidiv cured by Dr Locock's Wafers, which taste pleasantly.-Sold at i.f. ^Md. and 2J. gd. per box. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. The Medical Profession for over Forty Years have approved of this pure solution as the Best Remedy for ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH, HEARTBURN HEADACHE, GOUT, AND INDIGESTION, ' and as the safest Aperient for Delicate Constitutions, Ladies, Children, .and Infants. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. JJOLLOWAY'S PILLS. -These Pills are .. -\ ^°''? efficacious in strengthening a debilitated constitu- tion than other medicine in the world. Persons of nervous habit of body, .and .all who are suffering from weak digestive organs or whose health has become decayed by bilious affections, disordered stomach, or liver complaints, should lose no timeingiving these Pills a fair trial. Coughs, colds, asthma, or shortness ol breath are also within the range of the sanative powers of this very remarkab e medicine. The cures effecied by these Pills are not superficial or temporary, but complete and permanent Thev are as mild as they are efficacious, and may be given with con. lidence to delicate females and young children. 224 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 15, 1879. As supplied to As supplied to SUTTON'S HOME-CROWN SEEDS &c., Carriage Free. Her Majesty The Queen. Tbe Prince of Wales. PARIS EXHIBITION, 1878, SPECIAL HONOUR. FIVE PRIZE MEDALS, GOLD AND SILVER. For SEEDS. Price Lists post-free. For POTATOS. Price Lists post-free. For GRASS LAWNS Produced from our Seeds. (T'o our Agent.') Prices on application. For PEAS and BEANS. Price Lists post-free. For FLUWEBS Produced from our Seeds, Treated with LE FLORAL. {To our Agent.) THE DISTINGUISHED ORDER CHEVALIER OF THE ° LEGION OF HONOUR Has been conferred on our Managing Partner, Mr. Martin J. SUTTON, SPECIAL RECOGNITION OF THE REMARKABLE MERITS OF THE EXHIBITS OF HIS FIRM. AND AS A SPECIAL RECOGNITION OF THE SERVICES rendered to HORTICULTURE AND AGRICULTURE. THE BEST NOVELTIES OF THE SEASON Will be found described in SUTTON'S AMATEURS' GUIDE ( Together with the opitiiotis of eminent authorities). Post-free for Is. 3d. Gratis to Customers. THE BEST GREEN-FLESH MELON This magnificent variety was sent out by us in limited quantities last season, and has given the greatest satisfaction. It is of somewhat oval shape, from 6 to 8 lb. in weight ; the flesh is pale in colour, singularly sweet and juicy, and possesses a delicate aroma. The rind is thin, but beautifully netted. We had the honour of forwarding a brace to the Right Honourable the Earl of Beacons- field, K.G. Price, 2s. 6d. per Packet. Poit-free. From Mr. W. WILD- SMITH, Br. to the Right Hon. Viscount Eversley. *' I have this season grown Earl of Beaconsfield Melon, which for free bearing, flavour, and appearance I consider un- equalled." From Mr. G. ABBEY, The Gardens, Grinkle Park. * ' A free grower and setter, 1 -earing a profusion of fruit of high flavour." Price, 2s, 6d. per Packet. Post-free. SUTTON'S EARL OF BEACONSFIELD. ALL SEEDS Post-free (except Peas and Reans). £jUftrru/c om ALL GOODS Carriage-free (by Rail, if 2of. value). THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING. FIVE PRIZE MEDALS, GOLD AND SILVER. For SEEDS. Price Lists post-firee. For POTATOS. Price Lists post-free. For GRASS LAWNS Produced from our Seeds. ( To our Agent.) Prices on application. For PEAS and BEANS. Price Lists post-free. For FLOWERS Produced from our Seeds, Treated with LE FLORAL. {To our Agent). Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor :" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Pubhsher," at the OflSce, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden London. W.C. .,;j w,"! ,° by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. BRADBt;RV, Agnew. & Co. , Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and PubUshed by tlu Mta WILLIAM Richards, at the Oflice, 41. Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, February 15. 1879. Agent for Manchester— John Hbywood. Agents for Scotland — Messrs. J. Mbnzibs & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow, THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. €staHisbctr 1841. A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOUENAL OF HORTIGULTURE AND ALLIED SUEJECTS. No. 269.— Vol. XI. (se^r'es.} SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1879. j Registered at the General Post Office as a Newspaper. Price 5d. Post Free, 5^1/. CONTENTS. Anton de Bary (portrait) Ants, Peach blosboms de- stroyed by Bouquets, tropical British Museum, the .. Camphor in China Cassia Iignea Cattleya Mendelli Cirrhopetaliini Makoy- anum Citrus, the genus Coelogyne cristala Composts for pot-grown plants Coorongite Croci, new, notes on Cultivation as a test of Species . , Etaiithis hyemalis (cut) Kvergrtens, autumn planting. . Exhibition purposes, c'assitication of gar- dener for Ferns, wintering Flowers, forcing in Ger- many French and German pro- ducts Frost, the effects of the. . Gardenia Fortunei Garden operations Gre<;ce, trees, &c. , of an- cient 237 245 242 243 243 242 23+ 234 242 246 240 240 234 24a 244 Gooseberries, standard Helleborus niger. , Hogs, destruction of plants by Horticultural handicaps Iberis semperflorens Japan, horticulture in .. Liberian Coffee . . Lily of the Valley Mottps ifi gardens Orchid-hou^e, an . . . . 245 Orchids in flower at Stamford Hill .. Orchids, Mexican Peach trees injuied by wire Pea-pods, pearls in Plants lor the house Plants, new garden Potatt , Schoolmaster . . Pot vi..es f.ir laie use Quick hedges kaphii humilis .. Royal Horticultural Society, future of the Snowdiops (with cuts) . . Spring rtuwers, hardy . . Spruce Fir injured by in- sects (with cuts) Strawberry forcing Sunshine, the lack of . . Vmts bleeding Wardrobe powder, a .. Weather, the 247 235 245 240 246 234 246 246 2J4 243 244 236 243 Now Ready, in cloth, 163.. J^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE VOLUMR for JULY to DECEMBER. 1878. W. RICHARDS. 4T. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. rJOYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICUL- t TURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER HORTICULTURAL MEETING at the Town Hall Manchester. iSih of MARCH NEXT. The (..RAND NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHI- BITION of 1879 will open in the Gardens. Old Trafford, MAY 30. For Schedules apply to the undersigned, KRUCE FINDLAY, Curator and Secretary. Royal Botanic Gardens, Manchester. p R Y S T A L PALACE.— V^ FLOWER SHOWS, 1879. SATURDAY, May 24, GREAT FLOWtR SHOW of the Season, SATURDAY, June s8, GREAT ANNUAL ROSE SHOW by the National Rose Society. Schedules will shortly be ready, and will be forwarded to aoolicants and previous exhibitors. T"hE KENDAL FLOWER SHOW will be held at Kendal nn JULY 17 and 18. NURSERY- MEN-S PRIZES, 52 GUINEAS. PRIZES for TABLE DECORATIONS, 21 GUINEAS, and 28a other PRIZES. Schedules free on application to D. J. PENNINGTON, ) „ „ JNU. MONKHUUSE, f """■ Sees. Kendal.— Feb. iS, 1870. TTORTICULTURAL CLUB, 37, Arundel -»- J- Street, W.C. Prospectuses and all information given on application to H. HONYWOOD D'OM BRAIN, S°ec. ^0 the Trade! AMES CARTER, UUNNETT, .4ND BEALE hnd it necessary to announce that, in con- sequence of the unfair use made in many instances (by re- naming. &c.) of the privilege they have granted by ihe sale of Electros of Seeds and Plants, of which Messrs. Cakier are the Proprietors— they are reluctantly compelled to DISCON- TINUE THEIR SALE from this date High Holborn. London, W.C — Feb. 13, 1879. OR C H IDS. — Thousands of handsome Orchios in good plants can be supplied, at 3^. 6rf., 51 , and 71. bd. each An inspection is invited ; or by sending names of those already possessed, a good selection of other kinds will be made. WILLIAM BULL, F L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. . To the Trade, LIANTHUS DAMPIERL — A parcel of tine fresh Seed has just been imported by JACOB WRENCH AND SONS, London Bridge, E.G. ^ Prices on application. / lYCLAMEN.— For Sale, a fine Collection, V^ from 3000 to 4000, in large and small pots, at the lowest rates. JOHN QUELL. Horist, Goulds Green, Hillingdon, Middlesex. "CI R U I T I N G PLANTS rBAp'r vi^M.?."''-'^- NECTARINES, APRICOTS, and "^., VINES, a large and fine stock, now olTered for Sale THOMAS RIVERS ano SON, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. ' 'T'HE descriptiveTcatalogue A of FRUIT TREES is now ready, and will be forwarded, free bv post, on receipt of three penny stamps ^oi^io'^'^'^'P^S "^ ROSES and ORCHARD-HOUSE lKb.Eb post-free on application THOMAS RIVERS and SON, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. Sutton's Seeds, &c.-Parls Exhibition, 1878. Special honour for remarkable MERIT. The distinguished order of Chevalier of the Legion of Honour was conferred on Mr. M. J. Sutton for the remarkable merit of the exhibits of his firm, and for services rendered to Horticulture and Agriculture. Sutton's Seeds, &c.— Paris Exhibition. 1878. THE SPECIAL DECORATION of the LEGION of HONOUR conferred on Mr. M.J. Sutton was the only instance in which this great distinction was conferred on any English Exhibitor of Seeds at the above exhibition. Sutton's Seeds, &:c.— Paris Exhibition, 1878. FIVE PRIZE MEDALS— GOLD and SILVER — were awarded to Sutton & Sons and their Paris Agent, for Sutton's Home Grown Seeds, &c. SUTI'ON AND SONS, The Queens' Seedsmen, Reading, Berks. Genuine Seeds. JOHN LAING and CO.'S Annual ^' CATALOGUE of Kitchen Garden, Flower and Farm Seeds and Implements, will be sent free lo all applicants. Orders above los. carriage paid. Stanstead Park, Forest Hill, London. S.E. OEEDLING BEECH. -- One-year Seedling y~J Beech, fine, at is. per loo ; large quantities at reduced price. Apply to H. W. HUMPHREYS. Nurseryman and Seedsman, Bangor. LILIES and GLADIOLI.— For the best list of choice named Lilies and Gladioli, see our Illus- trated GUIDE for AMATEUR GARDENERS, 104 pages imperial size, beautifully illustrated. Gratis and post-free on application. DANIELS BROS., Royal Norfolk Seed Establishment, Norwich. Vines -Vines— Vines. T COWAN, The Vineyard, Garston, near ^" • Liverpool, is now olTering a large and splendid stock ot strong, short-jointed, and thoroughly npened GRAPE VINES, suitable for fruiting in pots and planting Vineries. Catalogues free. The Trade supplied. Pit for Immediate Working. ROSA MANETTI and R. MULTIFLORA UE LA GRIFFERAIE, 25i. per rooo, ;£ioper loooo. A. M. C. JUNGKINDTCONINCK, Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, near Zwolle. Netherlands. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Roses, &c. THP: LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, respectfully request the attention of intending planters to their most extensive and superior stock of the above. CATALOGUES on application. pEDRUS DEODARA SEED, just arrived V>' from India in splendid condition. Sample and Price on application to HENRY CLARKE and SONS. 39, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. TV/TAHONIA AQUIFOLIA. — Transplanted, -^'J- 6 to 12 inches. \is. per looo ; i to iJ4 foot, -zos. per looo. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. 1^ OWN IE AND LAIRD, Royal Winter -*- Gardens, Edinburgh, are now sending out their New Show and Fancy PANSIES. also VIOLAS, PENTSTE- MONS. PHLOXES, &c., which they warrant all first-class flowers. Older varieties of the above by the loo or looo. Price on application. Gentlemen's Gardeners, Amateurs, and Others RE<^UIRING ARDEN POTS of best quality, are requested to send their orders to J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery. Weston-super-Mare. ^ Price List on application. (^HINA RAFFIA.— Stronger timi V^ Madagascar Raffia. We have received a small direct consignment, which we can offer at a very low price. Samples on application. SANDER AND CO., St. Albans. G Ty ANTED, Six Show and Six Fancy » » PELARGONIUMS, for growing on for exhibition for the ensuing season. Apply with full particulars to W. W., Post-office, South Park, Reigate. To Nurserymen. WANTED TO PURCHASE, for cash, » ▼ delivered at Holloway, about loo well-grown LIME TREES, 100 Italian POPLARS, a number of AUCUBAS a quantity of large-leaved PRIVET and other SHRUBS suitai)le lor planting in small gardens. Particulars with price to be sent to Mr. TERRY, 38, Great James Street, Bedford Row, W.C. WANTED TO BUY, early CABBAGE PLANTS, such as Nonpareil and Enfield Market, also Cow Cabbage and Pickling Cabbage Plants. Apply to ALF. WINFIELD, Seed Warehouse, Gloucester. WANTED IMMroiATELY, 2000 or 3000 strong autumn sown CABBAGE PLANTS. Address, GODDARD, care of Mrs. Howard, 91, Elizabeth Street, Eaton Square, London, S.W. Five Gold Medals, Paris, CARTER'S, the PREMIER SEED HOUSE at the PARIS EXHIBITION. Illustrated Catalogues gratis and post-free. Awarded Five GOLD MEDALS, including the only Gold Medal for Grass Seeds. Caution. — No other English Seed House was awarded five Medals at the Paris E-xhibition, and the Legion of Honour has not been awarded for Grass Seeds or English Seeds. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London, W.C. Seeds of Superior Quality. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON beg to announce that their Illustrated CATALOGUE of Select Vegetable and Flower Seeds, &c., is now ready, and will be forwarded post-free on application. Highgate Nurseries, London, N., and Barnet, Herts. IVTEW ROSES for 1879.— A selection of the -Ll very best only; the finest plants in the trade; ready in March. LIST gratis, and post-free. Mr. H. BENNETT, Manor Farm. Stapleford, Salisbury. Garden Seeds. CHARLES TURNER'S Descriptive CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, containing several interesting and valuable novelties. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. To the Trade. CLIANTHUS DAMPIERI. HURST AND SON have received a Con- signment of New Seed of the above, and will forward special offer on application. 6, Leadenhall Street. London, E.C. QPANISH CHESTNUT, ASH, BIRCH, yj ALDER and HAZEL— stout, well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold. Mr. GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery. Midhurst. PRUCE FIRS for Christmas Trees, well formed, 2 to 3 feet high, 30^. per roo. RICHARD SMITH anu CO., Nurserymen, Worcester. ■pOREST TREES, Seedling and Trans- -*- planted. — The very extensive stock ol the above is this season in splendid condition. CATALOGUES on application. The Lawson Seed and Nursery Company (Limited) Edinburgh. LANTS — SPECIAL. HARDY NORTH AMERICAN ORCHIDS. DISA GRANDIFLORA, &c. See CATALOGUE, post-free on application. The NEW PLANT and BULB COMPANY, Colchester. "PAST LOTHIAN STOCK, in the three -LJ distinct colours, extra superior strain, seed saved by the original raiser of this celebrated stock, per packet ij-. to -2$. 6d. each. Trade supplied : price per ounce on application. ORMISTON AND RENWICK. Melrose. N.B. pOTATOS for SEED. — The Champion, -L Paterson's Victoria, Rock, Dalmahoy, Fortyfold, Snow- flake, &c. Prices on application to JAMES YOUNG, Seedsman, Brechin. N.B. pHAMPION POTATO is acknowledged \J to be, both in Kent and Scotland, the best Farmer's or Field Potato : most reliable in all soils and seasons, and its extended cultivation yearly is most marvellous. Price per ton on application. H. ORMSBY, Swanley, Kent. T^HE CHAM PION POTATO.— J- Fine samples, for Seed, of this and other leading kinds. Prices on application to The LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited), i, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh. XTOOPER'S ROUND WHITE -*--*- POTATO. Price 35s. per bushel, 10s. 6d. per peck. HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden. London, W.C. s H COPER'S ROUND WHITE will please alike Gardener and Farmer. XTOOPER'S ROUND WHITE J-J- is handsome, prolific, and of unequalled quality for TABLE. No coarseness, no earthiness, no disease. UTTON'S MAGNUM BONUM POTATOS for Sale. For Seed Bag of 4 stones, is. Post- office Orders payable at Uppingham. J. W. KINGSTON, Glaston, Uppingham. "TVREADNOUGHT CUCUMBER. — The -Lv finest Black-spine, and the best paying market variety extant : warranted true. Seed, live for li., fourteen for is. 6d. POPE AND SONS, 120. 121, 122, Market Hall, 3. Great Western Arcade, Birmingham. EAKALE, ASPARAGUS, and RHUBARB ROOTS, for forcing ; also for planting. For prices, apply to H. THORNTON, i. Maxwell Road, Fulham, S.W. To the Trade, &c. ASPARAGUS, GIANT. — Splendid Roots for Planting, in immense quantity. EWING AND CO., Norwich. 226 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 22, 1879. SALES BY AUCTION. Important Sale of Lilies from Japan, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart, Tokenhouse Yard, opposite the Bank ot England, on MONDAY, February 24, at half-past ii o'Clock precisely, an importation of 5000 un- usually fine LILIUM AURATUM in splendid condition, also of LILIUM TIGRINUM PLENUM. L. KRAMERI, THUNBERGIANUM and LONGIFLORUM, also a con- signment from the Cape of BRUNSVIGIA MULTIB'LORA, and others: HYACINTHUS CANDICANS. ANOMA- THECA. IMANTOPHYLLUM MINIATUM, AMA- RYLLIS, CALADIUMS, PANCRATIUMS. NERINES. and other first-class PLANTS. Also good flowering BULBS of the beautiful Lilium neilgherrense, a magnificent collection of ENGLISH-GROWN LILIES of immense size, consisting of Wallichianum, Humboldtii, Washingtonianum, Brownii, giganteum, Szovitzianum, parvum, Kra;tzerii, and other su- perior kinds; a quantity of BEGONIA FRCEBELH in flower, VEITCHU and other varieties; GLADIOLI in variety, 2000 American TUBEROSES, 500 do. the Pearl ; together with a collection of COOL ORCHIDS, such as Odontoglossum Alexandrse, O. cirrhosum, O. Rossii majus, O. madrense, membranaceum, and others. Catalogues of the Auctioneers, 'g8. Gracechurch Street, E.G. West Ham and Plalstow, near Stratford, E. CLEARANCE SALE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Holmes' Nursery, adjoining the Vicarage, West Ham ; also at McPher- son's Nursery, High Street, Plaistow. on TUESDAY, February 25. at 12 o'Clock sharp, the whole of the well-grown NURSERY STOCK, comprising large quantities of specimen Coniferas and Evergreen Shrubs, 500 yards of Box Edging, thousands of Aucubas of various sizes. 2000 strong Irish Ivies, 6 to q feet in pots ; 5000 bushy green Euonymus, i to 3 feet, fine stuff for potting ; extra strong trained Fruit trees, choice Standard and other Roses, &c. May now be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.G., and Leytonstone, E. In Liquidation. — Re Wm. RolHsson & Sons. /^REAT CLEARANCE SALE VJ of VALUABLE PLANTS. Order of Sale, commenc- ing at 12 o'clock each day to the minute. TUESDAY, February 25.— Choice Est.iblished ORCHIDS. WEDNESDAY, February 26.— STOVE PLANTS, PALMS, TREE and other FERNS. THURSDAY, February 27. — NEW HOLLAND and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, CAPE HEATHS, TREE FERNS. FRIDAY. February 28. — GREENHOUSE PLANTS. FRUIT TREES, BORDER SHRUBS, ROSES, and CLIMBERS in pots. Frequent trains to Balham Station, distant one mile from the Nurseries. Caulogues may be had of G. WHIFFIN, Esq., Accountant ; and ot Messrs. LEWIS, MUNNS. and LONGDEN, 8, Old Broad Street, E.C. ; and at the Estate Offices, oS, Gracechurch Street, E.C. Tooting, S.W. Important to Gentlemen making Plantations, Builders, Nurserymen, and others. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. R. Parker to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Exotic Nursery, on WEDNES- DAY, March 5. at 12 o'Clock precisely, a large quantity of remarkably well-grown young NURSERY STOCK, in excel- lent condition for removal, comprising several thousands of choice Evergreen and Coniferas Shrubs for Borders, including handsome specimens. Ornamental and Forest Trees in splendid assortment, fine bearing Fruit Trees, Roses, Creepers, S:c., together with miscellaneous Greenhouse and Stove Plants in variety. May be viewed. Catalogues obtained on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, gS, Gracechurch Street, E.C. The Nursery, Lelgham Court Road, StreatUam, S.E. FINAL CLEARANCE SALE.- Expiration of Lease. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are instructed by Mr. G. Clark to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, on FRIDAY, March 7, at 12 o'Clock punctu- ally, the who|e of the well-grown NURSERY STOCK, in capital condition for removal, comprising magnificent Arau- carias. Deodars, fine common and Portugal Laurels, Box, Green Hollies, Aucubas, and other Evergreens, Fruiting Apples and Pears, Heavy CART, small Rick of HAY, and other effects. May be viewed. Catalogues of Mr. J. NEVILLE, on the Premises ; and ot the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C, and Leytonstone, E. The Royal Nurseries, Ascot, Berks. PRELIMINARY NOTICE. Important Four Days' Sale of remarkably well-grown NUR- SERY STOCK, in splendid condition for removal. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. Standish & Co. to prepare for SALE by AUCTION, on TUESDAY. March ii.and three following days, many thousands of handsome CONIFER/^ and EVERGREEN SHRUBS of all sizes, also of choice AMERICAN PLANTS, a considerable number of FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES, TEA ROSES, and other Plants in pots. More detailed particulars will shortly appear. Taunton, Somerset. FINAL CLEARANCE SALE.-Land Sold for Building MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRI.^ will SELL by AUCTION, by order of Mr. Wm. Hockm, on the Premises, the Nurseries, Taunton on TUES- DAY and WEDNESDAY, March II and 12, at 12 o'Clock precisely each day, the remaining NURSERY STOCK, including 3000 Fruit Trees, thousands of Laurels and other useful shrubs. Standard and Dwarf Roses, Stove and Green- house Plants, 2000 Bedding Geraniums, 1000 Calceolarias, Lily of the Valley. Liliums and Ferns ; together with the |r^''r??^c.°M°"'" GREENHOUSES, quantity of Garden FRAMES, Hot-water PIPING and Utensils, and numerous effects. Maybe viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises: and of the Aucuoneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. Valuable Orchids. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on MONDAY, February 24. at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, a magnificent importation of ORCHIDS, from the collectors of the New Plant and Eulb Company, consisting of Cattleya Mendelii, C. Gigas. Odonto- glossum Alexandrse, O. Pescatorei, O. coronarium, O. Phalas- nopsis, Oncidium cucullatum, Epidendrum vitellinum majus, Sophronitis grandiflora, S. violacea.and other beautiful Orchids ; also from Messrs. F. Sander & Co. some magnificent masses of Odontoglossum Rossi majus, and a collection of established and other Orchids, consisting of Odontoglossum vexillarium, O. Halli, O. membranaceum, O. triumphans, Phala:nopsis grandiflora, P. Luddemaniana, P. Schilleriana, Dendrobiums of various kinds, Ma.xillaria grandiflora ; also a consignment from New Jersey of 1000 Dionsa muscipula, and 1000 Sarra- cenias and 3000 Lilium auratum, from Japan. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Odontoglossum polyanthum (Rchb.). MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, February 27, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, the entire importation of this most magnificent ODONTOGLOS- SUM. It is ofifered for the first time, and the'grandest of Mr, E. Klaboch's discoveries : the plant resembles O. Halli m the bulb, but makes two leaves only, whereas three are produced on the bulbs of Halli. ODONTOGLOSSUM POLYAN- THUM flowers in October and November, the flowers are over 4 inches in diameter, petals broad and golden-yellow, having from three to five large crimson dots at the base, sepals also golden-yellow, barred with dark red. The plant is very scarce in its native habitat, and very difficult to get home alive. From the flower-spikes on the plants it will be seen how extraordinarily floriferous this Odontoglossum is ; a specimen with only six bulbs had eleven flower-spikes, one of which had over thirty flowers on it. This is a very grand novelty : see dried flowers on day of Sale. Also a fine importation of ONCIDIUM MACRAN- THUM in very large species, and in extra health, freely set with breaks; CATTLEYA MENDELII, a large quantity of this fine Cattleva in splendid masses; EPIDENDRUM VITELLINUM MAJUS, splendid masses of this magnificent cool Orchid ; NANODES MEDUS.*;. the largest and finest masses hitherto offered of this splendid Orchid : ODONTO- GLOSSUM ROSSI MAJUS, the true majus variety of Rossi : some of the masses are extraordinarily large ; O. VEXIL- LARIUM. O. MACULATUM SUPERBUM, the fine large flowering bright yellow varieties ; O. PARDINUM, estab- lished plants ; O. PHAL/ENOPSIS, O. PESCATOREI. O. ALEXANDR.E, O. TRIUMPHANS; a new LYCASTE. and a variety of other cool Orchids. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Importations of Orchids and Bulhs from Japan, NEW JERSEY, and other parts. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms 3S, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY, March 3. at half-past iz o'clock precisely, an importation of JAPANESE ORCHIDS in fine condition, including Angr^ecum falcatum, Calanthe Sie- boldii, Aerides japonicum and another new Aerides ; 3000 fine bulbs of Lilium Krameri and 10,000 splendid bulbs of Lilium auratum from Japan ; 5000 splendid roots of Tigridia grandi- flora from New Jersey (see Coloured Plate in Garden, Feb. 15) ; Hardy North American Orchids, a quantity of New Holland dwarf Pitcher-plants, Cephalotus follicularis, English-grown Lilies, Gladioli, Anemones, Ranunculi, &c., from Holland. On view mornine of Sale, and Catalogues had. Knockholt, near Sevenoaks, Kent. (About a Mile from Halstead Station, on the S.E. Railway.) MR. WM. HODSOLL is instructed by Mr. J. W. Collins to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises as above, on THURSDAY, February 27, at 12 for i o'Clock, a large quantity of valuable NURSERY STOCK, comprising Shrubs, Plants, and Trees, in great variety. May be viewed and Catalogues had at the place of Sale, and of the Auctioneer, Famingham, Kent. S.W. District (4554)- In a main thoroughfare wiihin four miles of the Citv. FOR DISPOSAL, a NURSERY (owing to confirmed ill health), with nearly an Acre of Ground, 26 Greenhouses, Pits, and Outbuildings. Returns .1^1700 per annum. Terms for interest in Lease, Glass Erections, Good- will, Stock, Two Horses. Van, &c., and orders to view, may be had gratis of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS. gS, Gracechurch Street, E.C. Herts (4577X TO SELL, a BUSINESS, in good position, near a Station. Dwelling-house and Shop, over 2 acres of Land, and over 3000 feet super of Glass. Rent ;^5o. Price for Lease, some Glass Erections, and good Stock, ^450. Orders to view of PROTHEROE and MORRIS, as above. OR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL, a NUR- SERY. SEED, and FLORIST'S BUSINESS (in con- sequence of the ill health of the Propietor), old established, with good connection. For particulars apply to HENRY BAKER, The Nurseries, Atherstone. Nursery and Market Garden. TO BE DISPOSED OF,a small NURSERY and MARKET GARDEN, with good connection, in a thriving neighbourhood. No other Nursery within 30 miles. For particulars apply to H. W. HUMPHREYS, Seedsman, Bangor. Horticultural Valuations. MR, EDWIN COOLING, LICENSED Valuer, undertakes the VALUATION of all kinds of HORTICULTURAL PROPERTY. Terms on application. Mile Ash Nurseries, Derby. ROTHEROE and MORRIS, HoRTl- cuLTURAL, Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and Valuers, g8, Gracechurch Street, City, E.C, and at Leyton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. Planting Season. E BURGESS begs to offer the following: — • Strong Standard PEARS, Standard-trained APRI- COTS, Turkey and English OAK, English and Scotch ELMS. LIMES up to 12 feet, BEECH up to 7 feet, and a general Nursery Stock. Prices on application. The Nurseries, London Road, Cheltenham. F To the Trade. LAURUSTINUS, 3-yr. transplanted, i^ to 2j^ feet, 15J. per loo, C^ lOs, per looo, cash with order. J. AND C. LUWE, Uxbridge. To the Trade. ASPARAGUS, Giant, i, 2, 3, and 4-year. JAMES BIRD, Nurseryman, Downham. Roses. Fruit Trees, and General Nursery Stock. WB. ROWE solicits the inspection by • Nurserymen of his extensive stock of the above, which are well-grown, and fit for removal. Barboume Nurseries. Worcester. OR SALE, a large quantity of good strong MANETTI STOCKS, at i2j. periooo. Apply to JAMES LAMBERT, NVoking, Surrey. To Florists and the Trade. C1AMELL1AS, Double White, 4^. per dozen; ^ AZALEA, semi-double White, 8^. per dozen sprays. GERANIUM, Scarlet. 6^. per dozen bunches. C. WILSON, Nurseryman, Kendal. Mangel Seed. JOHN SHARPE is now prepared to make special low offers to the Trade of highly selected Stocks, 1878 growth, from exhibition Bulbs. Bardney Manor, Lincoln. Calceolaria, Cineraria, Primula, and Hollyhock. FAND A. SMITH ofter the above, saved • from their unrivalled strains, in ly., 2^. 6d., and 5^. packets. Price, per weight, to the Trade on application. The Nurseries, West Dulwich, S.E. EW CUCUMBER.— Stanstead Rival is a genuine novelty, and will take its place as the best Cucumber grown. Sealed packets as, dd. each. The Trade supplied. TOHN LAING and CO., Seedsmen, Forest Hill, S.E. 15,000 Irish Ivies in Pots. WFROMOW has the above, strong, • from 2 to 12 feet high, and other Green and Variegated varieties, at low prices for Cash, delivered free within 6 miles of Nursery. Sutton Court Nursery, Turnham Green, London, W, CARLET RUNNER BEANS (New English). — For Sale about lo Bushels of the above, in splendid condition. For lowest cash price apply to W. R. HARRISON. High Street. Maidstone. RASPBERRY CANES.— For Sale, 150,000 Fastolf, at 17J. per 1000, free on rail. Cheque or reference to a London house required with order. R BATH, Crayford. BLACKTHORN for Covert Plantin-, one million of strong transplanted, los. lo 155. per 1000. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. VERGREEN OAKS.— A large quantity for sale, 4 feet, 5 feet, 6 feet, 7 feet, and 8 feet, at er ceptionally low prices ; also Standards, 6 feet stems, good heads. Prices on application to J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. To the Trade. THOMAS METHVEN and SONS have a large and fine Stock of strong transplanted SCOTCH FIR and PINUS LARICIO, and will be happy to send special quotations on application. Leith Walk Nurseries, Edinburgh. 25,000 Bedding Geraniums for £10. TAYLOR AND CO., P;lorists, Timperley, Cheshire, offer the above, in the following varieties :— 400 Crystal Palace Gem, 600 Vesuvius, 350 Flower of the Day, 300 Christine, 300 Amy Hogg, 500 Mrs. Turner. Autumn struck, and nearlv ail from single pots. Also 500 PELARGO- NIUMS, extra strong plants, require potting into blooming pots, at 30.r. per 100, for cash. ILIUM AURATUM, fine healthy roots, ds. per dozen; a size smaller, for sj^-inch pots or bed- ding, y. per dozen. LILIUM THUNBERGIANUM STAMINOSUM, 3s. and ts. per dozen. LILIUM KRA- MERI, 6i. per dozen. Double TUBEROSES, is. bd. per dozen. For cash. W. F. BOFF, 203, Upper Street, Islington, N. EAKALE for FORCING.— Excellent large roots, none to excel the size of them in growth ; 10s. fd. per 100, and is. packing. ASPARAGUS, RHUBARB, GLOBE ARTICHOKES, ASHLEAF KIDNEY, DUNBAR REGENTS ; price on application. A remittance must accompany all orders. ALFRED ATWOOD. Market Gardener, 8, Palk Road, Battersea, S-W. Verbenas, Verbenas. TOHN SOLOMON offers White, Scarlet, C/ Purple, and other mixed sorts, good, strong, autumn-struck Plants, with plenty of good Cuttings, from store pots, at \s. per store pot. Package free. Cash to accompany all orders. Queen's Road Nursery, Markhouse Common, Walthamstow, E. Late of Islington Nursery, Park Street, Islington, N. ATIVE SCOTCH FIR, extra strong, and all other FOREST TREES g^o^vn in exposed situations. DICKSONS AND CO.. Nurserymen and Seedsmen, », Waterloo Place, Edinburgh. _ RAPE VINES.— For Sale, ten Grape Vines', 4 and s-yr. planted, in full bearing, consisting of Muscat, Black Hamburgh, Lady Downe's, &c. Apply to The GARDENER, Jardine Hall, Lockerbie. NGLISH YEWS.— E.xtra transplanted and well furnished, '3 [to 4 feet, gj. per dozen, i)os. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet, T1S. per dozen, dos. per loo. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34. Drapery, Northampton. ^^ To the Trade. ^ MYATT'S ASHLEAF KIDNEY POTATO —For Sale, a fine even sample of these, quite free from frost or disease. Price, per ton, on application to W. TAIT AND CO., Seedsmen, Dublin. February 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 227 Every One Who Has a Garden Should Read SUTTON'S AMATEURS' GUIDE, the most Practical Work on Gardening yet published. Post-free for fifteen stamps, gratis to customers. UTTON'S AMATEURS' GUIDE is the liest Book of its class that has come under our notice, and if regarded as a Trade Circular is certainly a remarkable production. In the printing and getting up it is a model of elegance throughout ; It contains a considerable body of literary matter, and it weighs 13 oz.—Gardeners' Magazine, Dec. 29. UTTON'S AMATEURS' GUIDE is beautifully Illustrated with several Coloured Plates and nearly 500 Engravings. UTTON'S AMATEURS' GUIDE contains all necessary information for the successful Cultivation of Vegetables, Flowers, and Potatos. Post-free for fifteen stamps, gratis to customers. UTTON'S PRICE CURRENT, gratis and post-free on application. s SUTTON'S DESCRIPTIVE LIST of SEED POTATOS is now ready, and may be had gratis and post-free on application. U T T O N AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. M. KNIGHT, of the Floral Nurseries, Hailsham, Sussex, offers from his large Stocks of Standard and Dwarf ROSES. FRUIT TREES' of all sizes. Scarlet and other RHODODENDRONS well set with buds, CONIFER.^, and EVERGREENS, and DECIDUOUS TREES for Avenues, by the dozen, 100 or 1000. at very low prices for well-grown stuff. ELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA. — Fine trees, 8 to lo feet high, transplanted 2 years since, 36^. per dozen. J. GEO. HILL, The Roy.il Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. UTTON'S MAGNUM BONUM POTATOS, lar. per cwt. Apply to W. W. PEARCE, Measham, Atherstone. s SCOTCH FIR, LARCH, Seedling and Transplanted, for sale cheap. Carriage paid to London. LEVAVASSEUR and SON, Nurserymen, Ussy (Calvados), Fra'ice. ARCH, i-yr. Seedling; PEAR STOCKS, SPANISH CHESTNUTS. 6 to 9 inches ; PHLOXES. Bedding VIOLAS and PANSIES. A splendid Collection of Champion and Walker's Regent POTATOS for seed. DICKSONS AND CO., I. Waterloo Place. Edmburgh. JOHN WATERER and SONS, Bagshot, Surrey, beg to offer : — 5000 LAURELS, Portugal, 3 to 4 feet. 5000 YEWS, English, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. 5000 FIRS. Spruce, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. 500Q HOLLIES, Green. 2, 3. and 4 feet. Price on application. ELECTED SEED POTATOS.— 50 tons CHAMPION, grown on new land on the banks of the Solway. 50 tons IMPROVED VICTORIAS. 50 tons ,, _ REGENTS, and other sorts. Prices and LIST on application. LITTLE AND BALLANTYNE, Seed Growers, Carlisle. s KENTISH FRUIT TREES, of every description, in 300 varieties, including some Dwarf Pyramid Fruiting APPLES, suitable for wmdy districts, at extraordinary low prices. Before purchasing elsewhere send for SPECIAL LIST to T. EVES, Gravesend Nurseries.— Established 1810. ■VTERBENAS, VERBENAS, VERBENAS. V —Fine, healthy, well-rooted Cuttings, perfectly free from disease, of White, Scarlet, Purple, and Pink, 6s. per 100 ; 50J. ?er 1000. too rooted Cuttings in twelve splendid varieties, 'irst Prize Flowers, for 8j. Terms cash. H. BLANDFORD, The Dorset Nurseries, Elandford. _^ Verbsnas in Single Pots. TyiLLIAM BADMAN offers clean, healthy, '.' Purple King, Crimson King, and Le Grand Boule de Neige (finest white), in single pots, 121. per 100. Twelve choice Show kinds, in pots, i6f. per 100. Packing included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. Verbenas from Store Pots. WILLIAM BADMAN offers clean, healthy, well-rooted cuttings of Purple, White, Scarlet. Crimson, and Rose Verbenas, 6s. per 100 ; 50J. per 1000. Twelve choice Show Varieties, 8j. per 100. Package included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. Special Offer of Pelargoniums. WILLIAM BADMAN offers Mrs. Pollock, ISS. per too; Vesuvius, ^s. per 100, 60s. per 1000: Master Christine and Madame Vaucher, 10s. per 100 ■ Silver variegated May Queen and Crystal Palace Gem, los. per 100 Packing included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. Seed Potatos. THOMAS IMRIE and SONS, SEEDSMEN, have at present to offer ; ?,"*'^PION.S, I PORTERS EXCELSIOR, VICTORIA.S, Ifortyfolds, And a few others, all specially selected for Seed. Price per Ton or Cwt. on application. ,..,!'i?„^'"P''=' *"'' P"<^== °f Genuine Machine-cleaned AYR- ^","*VJ^'*I^^'^''^L RYEGRASS SEED on application. Ayr, N.B., February 18, 1879. "DHODODENDRONS-Ponticums, hybrids J- M No. I and No. 2, Catawbicnse and its hybrids. The best named kinds, and thousands of dwarf kinds. Forty Acres are covered with Rhododendrons, and the plants are suitable for any Garden, and cheap enough to plant for l-overt, and are mostly grown on land 1000 feet above the sea h or s,ooo or 10,000 of one kind special offers will be made ,...,-,. ^ CATALOGUE free per post. JAMES SMITH, Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. EXHIBITION VEGETABLES and FLOWERS. -All who desire to win Prizes should send at once for CARTER'S STERLING NOVELTIES. It is a short Catalogue, profusely illustrated, and contains the best New Vegetables and Flowers of the year. Gratis and post-free on application to The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London, W.C. To tUe Trade. SEED POTATOS.— Our SPECIAL LIST, containing all the best English and American varieties grown by us the past season, may now be had, post-free, on application. H. AND F. SHARPE, Seed Growers, Wisbech. Dahlia Pot Roots. THOMAS BURY begs to offer the above, in all the leading varieties, at iSj-. per loo. Cash with order. The Nurseries, Osbaldeston, near Blackburn. ENGLISH OAKS.— Tall straight Standards 10 feet high, 70s. per 100, £?> Sj. per 1000, for cash. r. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERTS AND OTHER NUTS. Persons desirous of obtaining Trees of the above, grown by the late R. Webb, of Calcot, should give early orders to THE MANAGER. Calcot Gardens. Reading. CATALOGUES post-free on application. EBB'S CHOICE POLYANTHUS AND OTHER SPRING PLANTS. Early orders are solicited for the above choice plants. Apply to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. Special OSfer. WM. AND D. STEWART have large quantities of fine transplanted LARCH, 2 to 3 feet, 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet. Prices on application. Ferndown Nurseries, Wimborne. Dorset. SUTTGNS FREEwPOST V/i\}Ili^vi '--- Extra fine Dwnrf-trained PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS, APPLES. PEARS, PLUMS, and CHERRIES, also fine Pyramid APPLES and PEARS. WM. WOOD AND SON, The Nurseries, Maresfield, Uckfield, Sussex. Special Offer. WBALL AND CO., Bedford Road Nursery, • Northampton, having a very large stock of the imder- mentioned TREES. i^i:c., in fine condition for removal, have much pleasure in oftcriiig iliem at the following low prices : — ASH, 2 to lYz feet, fine, i8.r. per 1000. BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, i to xYz foot, very fine, 12^. per 1000. ELMS, Canadian, 8 to 10 feet stems, with good heads, loor. per 100. ,, English (upright), 6 to 7 feet stems, fine, with good heads, 90.r. per 100. HORNBEAM, 2 to 3 feet, fine, 10s. per 1000. LIMES, 8 to 9 feet, very fine, 50J. per 100 ; 9 to 11 feet, ditto, 70^. per 100. PRIVE'i'. commx)n, 2 feet, bushy, \os. per 1000. ,, OVALIFOLIUM, 3 to 4 feet, very fine, 50J. per 1000. WALNUTS, 6 to 7 feet stems, nice heads. 60s. per 100. CHERRIES, Morello, dwarf-trained, splendid stuff, i8j. p. doz. APRICOTS. Moorpark, dwarf-trained, splendid stuff, q.os. per dozen. ROSES, extra fine standards, large heads, fine varieties, 4 feet stems, no belter in the trade, our selection, 70J. p. 100. APPLES, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, 60J. per 100. PEARS, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, •JOS. per 100. General CATALOGUE of Seed and Herbaceous Plants post- free on application. Sutton's Superb Primula. SUTTON AND SONS offer New Seed of this fine strain. Red, white, and mixed, ^s. and 2J. td. per packet, post-free, Mr. J. Clarkb. Or. to Lord Hastings, in the Gardeners* Chronicle, December 21, 1878, says : — " Sutton's strain of Primula I can truly assert is ihe most carefully selected I have ever grown. The plants are one and all as true as possible. They have been greatly admired." Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. CLARKIA, Hardy's new Double SALMON QUEEN and PURPLE KING. —Two First-Class Certi- ficates were awarded to H. 1. Hardy by the Royal Horti- cultural Society, July 7. 1875. *' Hardv's Clark'ias. — We have never seen finer double Clarkias than these latter." — Gardeners* Chronicle, July 18, 1875. Caution. — The Trade, to ensure these fine Clarkias true, should be careful to give their orders to the Raiser. Price by the pound or ounce on application. H. L HARDY, Stour Valley Seed Grounds. Bures, Suffolk. SPECIAL OFFER OF NURSERY STOCK, all transplanted, and well rooted. LAURELS. Portugal, 1 to ij^ foot, i-zs. per 100 ; ij^ to 2 feet, extra fine, 251. per 100; 2 to 2j4 feet, very fine, 30.1. per 100. PICEA NORDMANNIANA, 2 to 3 feet, \%s. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, i^s. per do7en. BOX, Handsworth Broad-leaved, i to 2 feet, 15s. per 100 ; 1405. per 1000. CEDRUS DEODARA, 2 to 3 feet, loj. per dozen, 70J. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet. 20.J. per dozen. FIR, Larch, 2 to 3 feet, 30.?. per 1000. FIR, Spruce, i to \% toot, 25^. per 1000; 2 to 3 feet, tos. per 1000. HAZEL, xYz to 2 feet, 15^. per 1000 ; 2 to 3 feet, 11s. per 1000. HORNBEAM, 3 to 4 feet, y^s. per 1000; Sycamore, 3 to 3^2 feet, '20S. per 1000. CHESTNUTS, Scarlet, very fine Standards, 12J. per dozen. LIMES, fine Standards, S to 10 feet, dos. per 100; 10 to 12 feet, 80^. per 100. THORNS, Paul'-? Double Crimson, Standards, gj. per dozen. VIRGINIAN CREEPERS, staked, strong, 155. per 100. Gooseberries, mixed, strong, 12^. per 100 CURRANTS. White, lo^. per loo. peaches. Dwarf-trained, leading sorts, 245. per dozen. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34. Drapery, Northampton. Selected Giant Brussels Sprouts. LOWNDES' TRUE AIGBURTH STOCK. TAMES TYNAN begs to offer Seed of this f-/ celebrated Brussels Sprouts, grown by Mr. John Lowndes for the last fifteen years. It grows to a height of 3 feet, and is completely covered from the top to the ground with large firm Sprouts, whichduring the recent severe weather have resisted the action of the frost most wonderfully. It is undoubtedly supe- rior to any other variety grown. The Gardens, Sand Hall, Howden, Sept. 28, 1876. " Your ' Selected Giant ' Brussels Sprouts is a great improve- ment on the old kinds, being much larger both in stem and Sprout. We have a quantity of fine hard Sprouts already. *' H. Craike." In packets \s. each, post-free. Seed Warehouse, 68, Great George Street, Liverpool. WM. PAUL & SON, ^* ..,—-,-'■ '\ ^ (Successors to the late A. Paul & Son, v>. '.: ,■; .:■ \'„rr. Established 1S06,) ^ ROSE GROWERS, TREE, PLANT, EULB, AND SEED MERCHANTS. ^*!%B^ WALTHAM CROSS, \l^ HERTS. Adjoining the " Waltham " Station, Great Eastern Railway. Inspect ioji of Stock minted. Priced Descriptive Catalogues free by post. COLLECTIONS Of these Superior SEEDS From 10s. 6d. to Five Guineas each. Carriage free. Illustrated Lists free. LEICESTER RED CELERY, ij. per packet. The best and hardiest in cultivation. Just received. Testimonial from }ks. "^ AtHAl-\., Long Eaton. Feh iS. 1S79. " I had the best Celery (Leicester Red) in the whole town last year, from your seed, and the best I ever had in my possession." Testimonial from H. J. Greenhough, Esq., Mansfield, January 10, 1879. " It is the best Celery I can obtain " HARBISON ik. SONS, •SEED GROWERS, LEICESTER. THE ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT SEED POTATOS. SPECIAL OFFER. In I Cwt. Bags. Per Cwt. — s. d. NAPOLEON, Rough Red 12 o CHAMPION OF THE WORLD 12 o MAGNUM BONUM (SUTTON'S) 16 o HYATT'S ASHLEAF 14 o TRUE OLD ASHLEAF 21 o FLUKE 12 o EARLY ROSE no IMPROVED PEACHBLOW 21 o REDSKIN FLOURBALL 10 o PATERSON'S VICTORIA 14 o KING NOBLE 25 o Five iiuttdrsd othc} kinds in stock. No charge for bags. Free on rail, Norwich, on receipt of Post- office Order or Cheque. Much clieaper by the ton. DANIELS BROS. *M0RWIGM.^ vecetableiflowerseeds Seed PotatosToois&c JAMESDICKSON&SONS ^SEED; GROWERS, /p IOSEastgateSt.H The Finest Primula of the Season. First-class Certificate, R H. S. Jan. 14, 1879. BUTTON'S RUBY KING.— k3 " Most striking and magnificent in appearance." — Gardeners' Chroniele. Price 5i. per packet, post-free. The Finest Primula ol the Season. Large Silver Banksian Medal, R. H. S. Jan. 14, 1879. QUTTON'S RUBY KING. k3 " Quite surpasses all the Primulas we have hitherto Gardeners' Magazine. Price 5^. per packet, post-free. crimson seen." — The Finest Primula of the Season. Deep Blood Red. Perfectly distinct. BUTTON'S RUBY KING.^ 'KJ " The most beautiful of the Chinese Primulas." — Garden. Price 5^. per packet, post-free. SUTTON AND SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading, Berks. New Catalogue for 1879. WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, The Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham, Cheshire, will have great pleasure in sending their Descriptive LIST upon application. Their stock of Florist Flowers, Bedding and Soft-wooded Plants generally, is surpassed by very few, if any. either in extent or quality, all the newest and best varieties being constantly added to the various classes, and the greatest care is taken to keep the varieties true to name. Another great advantage to purchasers is that none of the plants offered are taken from a warm pro- pagating house and sent off immediately, but are all carefully liardened, and most of them potted off singly, and thereby fitted (or transit by rail or post without the slightest injury, A great proportion of the undermentioned are autumn struck plants, and can be had in pots if required, and all in variety of sorts and colours. All good for exhibition or home decoration. Our selection. Per doz — i. d. Our selection. Perdoz.— j d. 3 6 i Iris, German .. ., :^ o 6 Ivies, in variety .. 60 Abutilons, in variety Achimenes Ageratums, small plants, per 100, ss, .. ..10 Ageratums, in pots, per 100, 15?. . . ..26 Antirrhinums - . ■ • 3 ^ Azalea indica, gs. . . 60 o Begonias, tuberous, from 45. to iS o See Catalogue : our col- lection is very fine. Begonias, other kinds .. 30 Bouvardias, 4s. and . . 00 Caladiums, i2i. and ..18 o Calceolarias, Golden Gem, not in pots, per 100, ss. . . ..10 Carnation and Picotee plants .. .. 70 „ pairs .. .. 12 o Chrysanthemums, per 100, i8i., in great va- riety .. . ..30 Cinerarias, fine named 5 o Clematis . . . . ..80 Carpet Bedding Plants : see Catalogue Coleus . . . . . • 30 Cyclamens, 4s. and . . 00 Dactylis eleganttssima, per 100, 6s. . . . . 10 Dahlias, per 100, 70s. .. 36 Delphiniums, Sj'. to .. 90 ,, seedlings, strong. . 3 6 Epiphyllums, 9y. to ..12 o Echeveria secunda glauca, IS. bd. to .. 26 Ferns, stove and green- house, 6.J. to . . . . 18 o Fuchsias, per 100, iSs. .. 30 Gardenia florida, 6s., gs., to per Geranium, tricolor ,, bicolor „ silver-edged ,, double, 20s. 100 Geranium, zonals, for bedding, 15^. per 100 Geraniums for pot cul- ture, 3^- to Glad iolus Brenchleyen- sis, 6s. per 100 Gladiolus, seedlings, a fine muxture . . Gloxinias. 6s., gs. Greenhouse Plants, gs. to Hardy climbing plants in great variety, 6s. to Hollyhock, seedlings .. 4 Helianthemums. . 2 Herbaceous plants, 20s. per 100 . . .. •• 3 Heliotropes, in variety 2 Hepaticas . . ••4 Hydrangeas . . - ■ 4 Iresine Lindeni, los. per 100 . . . . . . 2 Strawberry runners ; our collection con- tains 65 varieties, 2S. 6d. per 100. Pinks, 25^. per 100 3 6 Iribh Kleinia repens, per roo, ^ =°-^ 30 L^manas. . . . z 6 Lobelias, small, per 100, 4S. 10 Lobelias, in pots . , 26 Mesembryanihemum v,t- riegatum, per loa. tos, z o Mimulus. ill variety ..30 Myosotis, 6s. per 100 .. 16 Pa;onies, splendid white, blush crimson, and ether shades, 6j. to . . 90 Pansies, show, 251. per 100 .. .. ..36 Pansies, bedding (about 20,000 to select Irom), I2S. per 100 .. , . 20 Penlstemon, 25J. per roo Phloxes, Qss. per 100 .. 36 Pelargoniums, show, fancy, and French, 6s. to go* Potentillas. double .. 60 Polyanthus, seedlings, S^. per 100 . , , . I o Polyanthus, named sorts : see Catalogue Primroses, double, ^s. to 9 o ,. Old Double Velvet, each, IS. 6d. ,, single, assorted colours . . . ..20 Primroses, other sorts, great variety : see Catalogue Pyrethrums . , 60 Roses. H.P., fine plants from ground, per 100, 45^ 60 Roses, Tea. &c, .. 12 o Roses, climbing or mosses . . . . ..40 Rhododendrons, fine varieties, with buds, 30s. to 36 o Rock plants, 1 5^^. per 100, 2s. to . . ..40 Salvias .. .. . . ri o Saxifrages . . . . 30 Sedums . . . . ..30 ,. acre aurea, ele- gans, and glaucum, 8s. per 100 .. ..16 Stove plants, gs. to . . 18 o Succulents, 4s. to ..60 Tropasolums . . . . 30 Violas, immense stock of best sorts. 8s. to 12^. per 100 . . . . ..16 Verbenas, stock plants in pots . . . . ..30 Verbenas, younp, not in pots 16 Violets, sweet . . ■ ■ 3 " Vines, all the leading kinds for planting and fruiting, 301. to . . 60 o Apples, Pears, Plums, and Cherries, pyra- mid, 6s. to .. .. x8 o ,, dwarf-trained, 18s. to y> o TO THE TRADE.— PEARS, Williams' Bon Chre'iienand Hessell, Standards, 75J. per 100 ; PLUMS, Maiden Victoria, suitable for training, 35i-. per 100 ; Victoria, Dwarf-trained, 140^. per 100: CHERRIES, Standard, 75^. per 100: also trained PEACHES, APRICOTS, and APPLES. CATALOGUES on application to WILLIAM FLETCHER, Ottershaw Nurserj*, Chertsey, Surrey. Season 1879. „„^ ATEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS V of Superior Quality. Carriage Free. Priced Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing select Lists of these, also Potatos for planting. Hybrid Gladioli, and other Garden Requisites, is now published, and will be sent post-free on application. DICKSON AND ROBINSON, Seed Merchants and Nurserymen, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester February 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 229 ODONTOGLOSSUM POLYANTHUM (Reichenbach). MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURS- DAY the 27th instant, the entire importation of this most magnificent Odontoglossum. It is offered for the first time, and is the grandest of Mr. E. Klaboch's discoveries. The plant resembles O. Halli in the bulb, but makes two'leaves only, whereas three are produced in the bulbs of Halli. ODONTOGLOSSUM POLYANTHUM flowers in October and November. The flowers are over 4 inches in diameter; petals broad and golden-yellow, having from three to five large crimson dots at the base ; sepals also golden-yellow, barred with dark red. The plant is very scarce in its native habitat, and very difficult to get home alive. From the flower-spikes in the plants it will be seen how extraordinarily floriferous this Odontoglossum is — a specimen with only six bulbs has eleven flower-spikes, one of which had over thirty flowers on it. This is a very grand novelty. See Dried Flowers on day of Sale. ONCIDIUM MACRANTHUM. In very large pieces, and in extra health. Freely set with breaks. CATTLEYA MENDELII. A large quantity of this fine Cattleya, in splendid masses. EPIDENDRUM VITELLINUM MAJUS. Splendid masses of this magnificent cool Orchid. NANODES MEDUSiE. The largest and finest masses hitherto offered of this splendid Orchid. ODONTOGLOSSUM ROSSI MAJUS. The tiue majus variety of Rossi. Some of the masses are extraordinarily large. AND A VARIETY OF Also a Fine Importation of ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM. ODONTOGLOSSUM MAOULATUM SUPERBUM. The fine large-flowering bright yellow variety. ODONTOGLOSSUM PARDINUM, Established plants. odon;toglossum phaljenopsis. odontoglossum pescatorei. ODONTOGLOSSUM A L E X A N D R -ffi. ODONTOGLOSSUM TRIUMPHANS. A NEW LYCASTE. OTHER COOL ORCHIDS. E E D . BEGONIA S Handsome New Kinds. Saved from exceedingly beaiitiful varieties of the handsome- flowered luberous-rooted section. The flowers have all been carefully fertilised, 50 that splendid new kinds may be expected from this seed. \s. dJ. and -is. 6d. per packet. PRIMULA. CINERARIA, and CALCEOLARIA, from Prize strains, the best that can be purchased, each at is. 6ci. and 3S. 6d. per packet. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S.. Establishment for New and Rare Plants. King's Road. Chelsea, London, S. W. Lily White Seakale. STUART, MEIN AND ALLAN, knowing the above to be a great improvement on the old variety, have grown it extensively, and are prepared to offer it at a cheap rate, viz., 20s. per 100. Shirley Hibberd says — " When I saw your dozen roots in the forcing-pit, by the side of our own, I was astonished at the distinction . . . and was white as snow." See nho Gart^Cfiers' Magazine of January 11. Kelso. N.E. Special Novelty. SUTTON'S DOUBLE HYBRID BEGONIA, producing double flowers of the finest c-olours. 5; per packet, post-free. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, Er.itis and post-free on application, SUTTON AND SONS, The Queens Seedsmen, Reading. One Penny Each GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS. — The finest scarlet Gladiolus in cultivation, also FLORI- BUNDUS, nearly pure white, fine sound Flowering Bulbs, any quantity, from i to 10,000, at the above price, A (ew thousand Smaller Bulbs, mixed, at 51. per io3. AL-o HOLLYHOCKS, fine seedling plants, at -^d. each, -zs. 6d. per dozen, £t per 100, Double DAISIES. Red, White, and Hen-and-Chickens, ss. per 100 ; Double dark Crimson, 6^'. per 100. CATALOGUE for 1879, containing 300 Illustrations, post-free for IS. BIDDLES AND CO.. The " Penny Packet Seed Company," Loughborough. Hardy Bedding and Decorative Plants. ROBERT PARKER begs to announce that his New CATALOGUE is now published, containing select descriptive and Priced Lists of Hardy Aquatic, Bog. and Marsh Plants. Asters (Herbaceou!^), Chrysanthemums (early flowering bedding varieties), Delphiniums. Fruit Trees, Helian- themums, Iris gerraanica, miscellaneous Hardy Bedding and Decorative Plants, F^eonia sinensis. Phlox (Herhaceous), Pentsiemoni, Potentillas. Pyrethrums, Sweet Violets, &c. fexotic Nursery, Tooting, Surrey, S.W. The Finest Strain of Calceolaria. BUTTON'S PERFECTION, *^ thus described in the Gardeners' ChrnHide :—"■ Aiemark- able collection of great beauty and attractiveness. Each plant is densely laden with large flowers, and the colours are very varied, from creamy white, handsomely spotted on the body, to rich dark maroon." Price 5^. and 2X. fid. per packet, post-free. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. Excellence combined with Economy. WP. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Seed • Merchants and NuRSEinMEN, Dundee, N.B., shall be glad to forward copies of their Priced CATALOGUED free on application. SPECIALITIES. 1. CHOICE VEGETAnLE and FLOWER SEEDS. 2. SEEDLING and TRANSPLANTED FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, and CONI- FERS. JOHNSTONE'S ST. MARTIN'S RHUBARB, u. each, 9i. per dozen. "EDELWEISS." GNAPHALIUM LEONTOPODIUM (Jacq ). „ LEONTOPODIUM ALPINUM (Cass ). This lovely Htile al- pine is yet scarcely known in our gar- dens, though Its culture is a very easy one. Sown early in spring in flat pots, filled wilh sandy peat, mixed with some g-iod loam, and kept moist, it will grow in about a fortnight. replanted and put in a cool frame, they will be fit for plant- ing out-of-doors in about six weeks. Ariy good garden sjil, not too stiff, will be sufficient, and a good Iree- lo the-sun -exposed plate will suit them. Price IS. 6d. per packet, post-free. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. To Gentlemen, Builders, and the Trade. P)OBERT AND GEORGE N E A L, ^ Wandsworth Common and Garrett Lane Nurseries, beg respectfully to call attention to their large and varied Stock of HARDY, ORNAMENTAL. FOREST. FRUIT TREES and SHRUBS, which are grown at their Nurseries, especially those Trees, &c., which are most suitable for growing in or near large towns. An early inspection invited. AU goods delivered free on rail in London, or at own residence, within five miles of the Nurseries. CATALOGUES free by post on application. Special List of Clieap Orcliida. BS. WILLIAMS, having recently received • from his Collectors and ^Correspondents in different parts of the world large consignments of ORCHIDS, and through having purchased several Collections in this country, is now in a position to offer good young healthy Plants of the fol- lowing species and varieties at more reasonable prices than it has been possible hitherto to sell at. An inspection is respect- fully invited ; — Established.— J. d. Aerides roseum .. ..10 6 ,, crispum .. . . 10 6 ,. virens .. .. 10 6 ., odoratuin majus . . 7 6 ,, Lobbii . . . . 15 o „ Fieldingii . . . . 15 o Cattleya Mendelii (im- ported) . . . . 10 6 ,, Aclandiae . . .. 10 6 ,, citrina . . . . 36 ,, Trianiae . . . . 10 6 „ Warscewiczu deli- cala . . ■ ■ 1 5 o ,, Warnerii .. .. 15 o ., lobata .. .. lu 6 ,, crispa . . ..50 Calanthe Veitchii . . 76 ,. vestita luteo oc- culata ,. .. 26 .. ,, rubro occulata 2 6 Coslogyne cristata . . 50 Cymbi'dium eburneum.. 15 o ,, Mastersii . . ..150 Cypripedium barbatum superbum . . 36 ,, insigne .. ..26 ,, spectabile. . ■ - 3 6 „ Boxalii .. .. 50 „ Pearcei . . . . 36 „ Harrisianum . . 76 ,, niveum .. .. 50 Dendrobium formosum giganteum . . 50 ,, chrysotis .. . . 10 6 ,, cretaceiim.. . . 36 ,, Pierardii .. ..36 ,, pulchellum purpu- reum .. ,.36 ,, Findleyanum -.10 6 Specimens of the above can be supplied, prices of which will be forwarded on application. B. S. WILLIAMS', Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N. U R P L U S STOCK. COLCHIC LAUREL, 3 to 4 feet, strong and bushy. SYCAMORE. iH to 3 feet. PINUS AUSTRIACA, i to i;< foot. LARCH, 15 to 24 inches. SPRUCE FIR, 12 to 15 inches. Samples and Prices on application. A. W. BARNES, Nurseryman and Seed Merchant, High Street, Skipton, Vorkshire. Established - s. d. Dendrobium bigibbum 7 6 „ nobile ', 6 ,, chrysanthum 3 6 Epidendrum vitellinum majus (imported), from 2 6 Limatodes rosea 3 6 Lycaste Skinneri S 0 Masdevallia Lindeni ., IS 0 ,. pi^lysticta . . S 0 ,, Harryana . . 7 6 ,. ignea 7 6 Odontoglossum Insleayi leopardinum S 0 ,. Hallii 7 6 ,, hystnx 10 6 ,, cirrhosum.. ^ 6 ,, pulchellum majus H 6 ,, Phala:;nopsis (im- ported) . . 7 6 ,, Rossii majus (im- ported) . . 7 6 Oncidium aurosum S 0 ,, Bauerii s 0 ,, sphactlatum 5 0 ,, incurvum .. 7 6 ., verrucosum ^ 0 ,, concolor .. 10 6 „ flexuosum.. ■K 6 „ Papilio 7 6 ., Krameri . . .s 0 Pleione lagenaria 3 6 .. WallTchiana 3 6 Saccolabium ampul- laceum . S 0 „ Blumei majus 7 6 ,, curvifolium 7 6 Vanda tricolor insignis 10 6 „ tricolor 10 6 ,, Roxburghii 15 0 230 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 22, 1879. Francis^Arthur DlCKSON^SONS, 10G,EastgateSt.£^. TlIFSTFR The Upton NiiisenesV/HE/vJl 1>1\ . YEGETABLES'rLOlVERSEEDS. SecdMatoes&GardenRequisites. QUALITY UNSURPASSED.CARRIAGE FREL JltustratcdCatalof/7fes^FcstIre&i G Really Choice Seeds. LOXINIA CRASSIFOLIA GRANDI- FLURA, magnificent strain, quite distinct, leaves broad, fleshy, and re- curving ; blooms very large and richly marked and coloured. Erecta and horizontalis, sepa- rate or mixed, per packet. IS. and 25, (>d. AURICULA, extra choice, mixed. Almost every plant from this seed will give blooms of exquisite colouring, distinct eye and mar- gin, and perfection in form. Per pkt.. i^. €d. PETUNIA, Double, large flowering. Most carefully hybridised ; yields a large percent- age of double flowers. Per packet, i^. 6(f. BEGONIA, Tuber- ous rooted. — From a superb collection con- taming all the splendid new introductions in this class. Per pkt., single. IS. 6d. ; double, 2i. ed. STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA.— Free-flowering variety from the Mauritius. Per packet, is. 6d., post-free. JAMES TYNAN, 68, Great George Street. Liverpool. rRic H Ai?D Smith & C2^ BEDS |ra«^vg«py>iaKwaip^^;i T I L I E S FOR J_i AND GROUPS. LILIUM AURATUM, by the dozen, hundred or thousand, at gd., ts., and is. 6d. each. LILIUM KRAMERI, by the dozen, hundred or thousand, at i^- 6(/. and 2S. 6J. each. , > , LILIUM SZOVITZIANUM, by the dozen, hundred or thousand, at is., is. 6d.y and 2S. td. each. LILIUM TIGRINUM FORTUNE:, by the dozen, hundred or thousand, at grf. and is. each. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road, Chelsea, London. S.W. Camellias. WM. PAUL AND SON (Successors to the late A Paul & Son, established 1806), Paul's Nurseries, Waltham Cross, Herts, invite attention to their large stock of the above The collection, which comprises upwards of 200 varieties, is now coming into flower, and will continue in bloom throughout February and March. ,. , , Plants nicely set with bloom-buds can be supplied frona 30J. to 1201. per dozen. Specimen plants from 211. to .£30 each. Visitors by railway can enter the Nurseries from the plat- form. Waltham Station, Great Eastern Railway, half an hour s ride from London. . c FIFTY ACRES of FRUIT TREES.— Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries, Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, and other Fruit Trees, as Standards, Dwarfs, Pyramids. Bushes, Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety, all full of vigour and warranted true to name. Descriptive Price List, containing a sketch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure, Pruning, Lifting. Cropping. Treatment under Glass ; also their Synonyms, Quality. Size. Form, Skin, Colour, Flesh, Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season, Price, &c., for a penny stamp. TWELVE ACRES of ROSES.— Standard, Dwarf, and Climbing, all the popular sorts ; also So.ooo choice Tea Scented and Noisette Roses in pots; extra strong Roses in pots for immediate forcing. See Descriptive Price List, free for a penny stamp. GRAPE VINES and ORCHARD HOUSE TREES in POTS. — Grape Vines, extra strong, and warranted free from phylloxera, oidium, and all disease ; Planting Canes, 3^. td. to 55. each; extra strong Fruiting Canes, 7s. hd. to los. 6d. each. Orchard-house Trees, fruiting in pots, con- sisting of Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots. Plums, Cherries, Pears, Apples, and Figs. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. WORCESTER PEARMAIN APPLE (awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horti- cultural Society). — One of the handsomest and most useful Apples in cultivation. For full description see " Extract from Xh^yournal of Horticnlhire^' and Richard Smith & Co.'s Fruit List, which may be had for a penny stamp. Coloured Plates, 6rf. each. Maiden Trees. \s. 6d. each ; Bushes, 3^. each; Standards, Pyramid and Dwarf-trained Trees, 35. f>d. and ss- each. HARDY HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS, their scientific and English names, height, colour, time of flowering, and other useful information. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. Collection of 100 beautiful hardy varieties for Garden Beds, Borders, or Rock- eries, for 30J, LIST of all the EVERGREEN FIR TRIBE, suitable for Britain, giving size, price, popular and botanical names, derivations, description, form, colour, foliage, growth, timber, use in arts, native country, and size there, situation, soil, and other information, with copious inde.x of their synonyms. Free by post for six stamps. LIST of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising the best selections of Camellias, Azaleas, Ericas. Epacris, Ferns, &c., free for a penny stamp. LIST of EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, RHODODENDRONS, STANDARD ORNAMENTAL "TREES, CLIMBING and TWINING PLANTS, with their generic, specific, and English names, native country, height, time of flowering, colour, &c., and general remarks, free for a penny stamp. ALL kinds of GARDEN SEEDS, of first quality. BULBS. MUSHROOM SPAWN, TOBACCO PAPFR. ARCHANGEL MATS, and ollitr GARDEN REQUISITES. See List*. whi,:h may 1..- I1...I m, nnnliration. •Richard Smith &.C2^ ^ Wo RCE S.TER =if HOICE FLOWER SEEDS. STOCK, East Lothian, very select strains. . Crimson, superb. For opinions of eminent Horticultunsts, see Advertisement in Gnrdcners' Chronicle of Jan. 18. Purple, Scarlet, White, and White Wallflower-leaved, per packet, td., IS., and 2j. 6d. , , , .. r ASTER. Betteridge's superb Quilled Globe (seed direct from Mr. Betteridge). . ,, 24 varieties, separate, including latest novelties, 2J. td. ,, 12 ditto ditto, IJ. ad. , .j a mi.vture of 24 splendid varieties: per packet 3^., bd. , ana is. MARIGOLD, superb Gold-striped French, saved from per- fectly double, beautifully striped flowers, ex. ex, ; per packet, bd. and is. „■ t, ■ ^ ^ v 1 COCKSCOMB. Sime's superb strain, First Prize at Carlisle International Show, and wherever exhibited. Was shown at Edinburgh with comb over 40 inches long. Per packet, is. and is. bd. . PANSY, Show, from a superb collection of named Exhibition varieties : per packet, is. and 2^. bd. Fancy, from a first-rate collection of named flowers : per packet, IS. and 2^. bd. Above free by post. TODD AND CO., Seedsmen and Florists, Maitland Street, Edinburgh. . UEEN of LILIES, LILIUM AURATUM. —Imported Bulbs are now arriving, and orders are solicited. This lovely Lily is quite hardy, and should be gene- rally grown. Before ordering send for Lily List, where all parti- culars are given. . ,, , xr Reduced Prices :— Size No. i, bd. ; No. 2, qd.- No. 3, is. , No. 4, li. 6rf. each. Special quotations to the irade. ORCHIDS.— Special offer of the following fine Orchids, for ii 51. (or other varieties in exchange for those not required) :— i plant Phatenopsis Schilleriana, 2 plants Dendro- bium formosum giganteum, i plant Phalajnopsis grandiHora aurea, 4 plants Dendrobium cretaceum, i plant Saccolabium guttatum, I plant Dendrobium barbatulum, 3 plants Calanthe rubra and luteo oculata, i plant Dendrobium Pierrardi, i pot Limatodes rosea. . j -i a All orders to be accompanied by a remittance. Lily ana Orchid LIST sent on application to , . nn WILLIAM GORDON. 10, CuUum Street, London, E.C., Lily Bulb and Plant Importer^ To tbe Trade. SPECIAL PRICES ON APPLICATION GEORGE COOPER, Seed Merchant, Hertford, begs to offer the following, of the choicest BEET^Red.cioopei'sExcelsior ONION, White Spanish BROCCOLI. Hill's June „ White Globe CUCUMBER, Improved Tele- ,, Bedfordshire Champion graph [Matchless CELERY, Cooper s Improved PARSLEY. Curled, Cooper's ^i'';'."=„ ,„ ^ „ c-rnr-c SWEDE, Cooper's Improved I B R O M P P O N STOCK^ Large Purple-top TURNIP, ImprovedAberdeen Green-top Yellow Giant Scarlet CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, from large flowers. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM. J J. MARRIOTT has a fine stock of the » above, and can supply nice bushy plants, 4 to 6 inches, at bas per 1000 ; 6 to 9 inches, at ias. per 1000 ; 9 to 12 inches, lOt. bd. per 100 ; 12 to 15 inches, 151. per 100 ; 15 to lo inches, i8j per 100. Also 2. 3. and 4-yr. Seedlings, from 4^. to ns erf. per 1000. The Trade supplied. Samples on application. Highfield Nurseries. Matlock, Derbyshire. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. To tHe Trade.— Vines-Vines-Vines. WG. CALDWELL and SONS have • still extra strong fruiting Black Hamburgh 'VINES to offer, excellent stuff, at ss. bd. each. Also AZALEA AMffiNA CALDWELLII, well set with buds, iZs. and 24^. per dozen. APPLES, Standard, 40^- P^r i°°; , ,. Pyramid, 601. per 100. lu all leading varieties. General CATALOGUE of Fruit Trees, Conifers, Roses, &c., post-free on application. , j r-i, v The Nurseries, Knutsford, Cheshire. Cheap and Good. (The usual Discount to the Trade.) HBLANDFORD is prepared to ofter the . undermentioned NURSERY STOCK at exceptionally low prices, as quoted below, in order to clear the ground ; — The quality cannot be surpassed. ROSES. Standards, tool, per 100. MANETTI STOCKS, 331. per 1000. VINES, Black Hamburgh. Buckland Sweetwater, S:c., strong planting Canes, 301. per dozen. CURRANTS, Red. IS-', per 100. laozen. ABIES NORDMANNIANA. iK " =!^ f"'. 'Si. to 25s. per ARAUCARIA IMKRICATA, 4 feet, is. bd. : S4S. per doz. BAY I ■/ to s feet, bushy, 8i. to 3ar. pet dozen. CEDRUS DEODARA. 1V2 to 5 feet, 21s. to 361. per dozen. CRYPTOMERI.^ JAPONICA. 5 to 7 feet, 30;. to 42s. per doz. CUPRESSUS MACK.OCARPA, in pots, iKto I'A feet, 7i. to IIS. per dozen. LAWSONI ANA, 4 to 7 feet, 12J. to 25^. per dozen. LAUREL, Portugal, 2 to ^M f«'. «'• '° '"• pefdoze"- „ Common, bushy. 2"^ feet iZs. per 100. _ THUJA AUREA. i]/i to 3K f«'. perfect specimens, lis. to bos. per dozen. , ELEGANTISSIMA, 1% to 2% feet, 15s. to 30s. per doz. " SEMPERAURESCENS, l to 2 ft. 12s. to 361. per doz. " GIGANTEA. 3 to iM feet, 21s. to 30i. per dozen. THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, 7 feet, 51. each. sos. per dozen. YUCCAS, of sorts, 12s. to 36s. per dozen. HORNBEAM, 6 to 9 feet, los. to jof. per 100. BEECH, Common, 5 to 6 feet, i6s. per 100. HORSE CHESTNUT, 9 to 10 feet, 15s. per dozen. H. BLANDFORD, The Dorset Nurseries, Blandford. Giant Early Marrow. THE EARLIEST IN CULTIVATION. " It is a splendid Cabbage. Mrs. Williams cut some last season only eight weeks planted out, weighing 7 lb. each."— Mrs. Williams, Kilmaganny, Ireland. THE BEST FLAVOUKED CABBAGE. " I am greatly pleased with your Defiance Caubage, which is in all respects the best flavoured, mildest, and finest I have ever seen. —Rev. H. N. Ormsby, Carrig Vicarage, Jan. 13, 1879. THE BEST EXHIBITION VARIETY. " I have taken two First Prizes this year with your Defiance Cabbage. I have not seen a Cabbage in this neighbourhood to equal them."— Mr. Tappenden, Lee, August 8, 1878. THE MOST PROFITABLE KIND TO GROW. "I had a packet of Daniels' Defi- ance Cabbage seed of you last season, and have had some noble Cabbages. Some ol them I sold in the market at srf. and bd. each, such as have not been seen in our market. — T. S. Wood, Shrewsbury. Is the finest and best Cabbage in the world for all purposes, beating every other variety for ' earliness, quality, flavour and size. Price in our own Sealed Packets, is. bd. each, 5s. per oz. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS, NORWICH. KITCHEN GARDEN and FLOWER SEEDS, SEED POT AT OS, GARDEN REQUISITES, &c. IRELAND & THOMSON'S Descriptive and Priced CATALOGUE for 1879 SENT POST-FREE, ON APPLICATION. SEED WAREHOUSE: 20, WATERLOO PLACE, EDINBURGH. SON, GEO. J ACKM AN & (Established iSio.) Cultivators of FRUIT and FOREST TREES, Evergreen and Flowering TREES and SHRUBS, ROSES, RHODODENDRONS, Conifers and Hardy Climbers. THE CLEMATIS A SPECIALITY. Descriptive Priced Calalogues free. WOKING NURSERY, SURREY. r^NE GUINEA COLLECTION W of VEGETABLE SEEDS, containing 6 quarts of excellent Peas for succession, and 50 packets of other leading sorts of SEEDS, all of best quality. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in England. •Richard Smith &.C2: life wo R c E S T E R -^ CRANSTON'S NURSERIES. Established 17S5. EIGHTY ACRES. ROSES, FRUIT TREES, CONIFERS, FOREST TREES, &0. Descriptive Mid Priced Catalogue for 1878 tiow ready. ^''""" CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD. FeBRPARV 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 231 CABBAGE PLANTS, SEEDS, ROOTS, &c.— Finest Selected Stock of all kinds, for the Farm or Garden. Largest and Best Stock in the Kingdom. "Gee's superior Bedfordshire-grown plants and seeds have attained much celebrity." — "The soils of the district offer facilities enjoyed at few places for bringing away plants, seeds, roots. Sec, and under the skill and perseverance of Mr. F. Gee they are turned to good account." — Vide Opinions of the Press. Large Cash buyers treated with on the most liberal and advantageous terms. 1879 Select CATALOGUE, also Special Trade LIST, may be had on application to FREDERICK GEE, Wholesale and Retail Seed and Plant Grower. Seed Merchant, and Nurseryman, Biggleswade, Beds. pANNELL'S MARROW BRUSSELS V-^ SPROUTS have again this season overtopped all others, and are the pride of the Market. Their size, tender, and marrow- like flavour, with their saleable appearance, carries favour wherever grown, and must eventually cause this variety to be generally grown ; and by possessing the above more pounds' worth can be realised per acre than any other kind. IS. 6d. per half-pound, 2J. 6d. per pound. H. ORMSBY, Swanley, Kent. To the Trade. SEED POTATOS. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to • make special offers of all the leading varieties of SEED POTATOS they have grown this season. The prices will be found very advantageous to purchasers. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech, Now Ready. EWING AND COMPANY'S LIST of New Roses for 1879 is a most select one of the best New English and French varieties. Gratis and post-free to applicants. EWING AND CO., Eaton, near Norwich. SPARAGUS, ASPARAGUS. — Strong roots, 2-yr. old, Conover's Colossal and Giant, i^s. per 1000. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. a U T T O N ' S PAMPHLET kJ? on Laying Down and Improving LAWNS, CROQUET GROUNDS and CRICKET GROUNDS, May be had gratis, post-free, of SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. TODEAS.— Healthy young plants of T. superba and T. hymenophylloides (pellucida), free and safe by post. 2s. 6d. each for prepayment. Trade price (low) per 100. or lesser quantities, on application. ROBERT SIM. Sidcup Hill Nurseri', Foot's Cray, Kent. Roses, Fruit Trees, &c. WILLIAM FLETCHER'S CATALOGUE for the present season is now ready, and may be had on application. The stock is very large and most healthy. The Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey. AMPTON COURT BLACK HAM- BURGH VINE.— Strong fruiting well ripened Canes of this well known Grape, 5J., 7J. 6d., and 10s. 6d. each ; Planting Canes, 3J. 6d. each. Also a good stock of most of the best kinds. T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston, Surrey. Paul's Roses. WM. PAUL AND SON'S stock of ROSES is large, of excellent quality, and uninjured by frost. Standards, 15J. per dozen and upwards ; Dwarfs, 9J. per dozen ; Climbers, 6s. per dozen. Priced Descriptive CAT.'lLOGUES free by post. Paul's Nurseries, Waltham Cross, N. Just publislied, free on application, a complete DESCRIPTIVE PRICED LIST of our unrivalled Collection of Tuberous BEGONIAS. Awarded Gold Medal at South Kensington, and First Prize at Preston.— JOHN LAING and CO., Forest Hill, S.E. To the Trade. NEW POTATO. •• PRIDE of ONTARIO." Hand F. SHARPE are now sending out • the above most prolific and handsome shaped new Potato. Full description and price may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Economy in Gardening. TO PURCHASERS OF LARGE QUANTITIES. Asylums, Unions, Hotels, and Public Institutions. SUTTON AND SONS are prepared to place purchasers of large quantities on favourable terms. Apply, stating quantities required, to SUTTON AND SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. SEEDLINGS for TRANSPLANTING.— Common HOLLIES, i-year, 51. per 1000 : MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, i-yr., 3S. 6rf. per 1000 : Common LAURELS, i-yr. cuttings, I5i. per 1000; BLACKTHORNS, 3-yr. drills, 6s. per 1000. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. URSERY STOCK to be Sold, cheap, as the ground must be cleared. LIMES, 12 to 14 feet. I M.4PLE, Norway, 12 to 15 ft. BIRCH, 12 to 15 feet. | LAURELS, 5 to 6 feet, &c. SEED POTATOS-White Emperor, Ruby, Porter's Excel- sior, Sutton's Magnum Bonum, Late Rose, &c. Prices on application to HV. MINCHIN, The Nurseries. Hook Norton, Oxon. J GEO. HILL (late John Scott) has a • quantity of the following to offer, at very low rates, for well-grown, well-rooted stuff: — ALDER, 4 to 5 feet, strong, liEECH, 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet, stout. BIRCH. Silver, all sizes. CHESTNUT (Spanish), 3 to 2^ feet, strong. FIR, Spruce, 2 to 25^ feet, and 3 to 4 feel, transplanted. ., Silver, 2 to 4 feet, well-rooted. HAZEL, 3 feet, very strong;. OAKS, English, 3 to 10 feet. YEWS, English. Price on application to J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. SUTTON'S SPECIAL PRIZES, CONSISTING OF GOLD, SILVER and BRONZE MEDALS, AND VALUABLE MONEY PRIZES, AT The Royal Horticultural Society's Meetings during 1879. Particulars now ready, and may be had on application to SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading, Berks. E. G. HENDERSON & SON OFFER THE FOLLOWING NOVELTIES, WHICH ARE DESCRIBED I.N' T]1E New Seed Catalogue for 1879. GERANIUM MOLLE AUREUM, 2i. id. per packet. GOLDEN POINT-LACE PYRETHRUM, li. per packet, BEGONIA ROEZLIl (new species), is. bd. per packet. CAPE EVERLASTING FLOWER (Gnaphalium), is. and 2S. kd. per packet, ZEPHYRANTHES GRANDIFLORA ALBA, zj. id. per packet. SAXIFRAGA BURSERI, is. and 2j. id. per packet. GNAPHALIUM LEONTOPODIUM, li. per packet. POLYGONATUM ROSEUiM. is. pel packet. CASTILLEIA INDIVISA, is. per packet. E.-isT LOTHIAN CRIMSON STOCK, is. per packet. ATRIPLEX HORTENSIS CUPREATA ROSEA, is. per packet. IPOMCEA QUAMOCLIT. var.. Ivy-leaved, is. per packet. BRUGMANSIA ARBOREA MACROPHYLLA, 2S. id. per packet. GLOXINIA CRASSIFOLIA, is. id. per packet. SOLANUM LOBELI, is. per packet. PRIMULA SIEBOLDI (amcena), is. id. per packet. PANSY MULTICOLOR, is. per packet, and FIRE DRAGON, IS. per packet. NICOTIAN A ACUTI FOLIA, is. per p.acket. Also the New JAPANESE VEGETABLES and FRUITS are fully described in the same CATALOGUE. E. G. H. & Son's Selection of the following are from their select and choice cultivated collection, of which they have many thousands now ready ; they may be sent safely through the post : — Per dozen sorts— s. d. s. d, BEGONIAS, splendid assortment .. ..9 o and 12 o mixed, 6s. per dozen. CALADIUMS, distint varieties 12 o ,, 18 o OLC)XIN IAS. beautiful varieties .. ..60,, go ACHIMENES, distinct and choice sorts .. 20,, 30 GESNERAS, fine selection 4 o „ 6 o DAHLIAS, best of all sections 4 o ,, 6 o CHRYSANTHEMUM Cuttings, 2S. id. per dozen, i6s. per too. (New and Rare Varieties of the above, see prices in Catalogue.^ SPIR.;EA JAPONICA, with golden variegated leaves, is. id. each. LIBERIAN COFFEE, New, Plants of, at per dozen, 100, or THE PINE-APPLE NURSERY, Maida Vale, London, W. "DANIELS' NORFOLK GIANT BROCCOLI. For use in March, April and May. The largest, hardiest, whitest and best Broccoli in the world. Has been grown during the past season to the enormous weight of 28 lb. each. A grand variety, of compact habit, stem robust and short ; flower-heads exceedingly large and beauti- fully white, being well protected with luxuriant overlapping foliage. A most valuable market variety ; sells readily at Covent Garden and Provincial Markets at a high figure. NORFOLK GIANT BROCCOLI Can be obtained only direct from us in our own Sealed Packets. Is. 6d. per Packet. DANIELS BROS., ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT. NORWICH. SUTTON'S CYCLAMEN FOR DECORATIVE PURPOSES. SUTTON & SONS Can supply fine bulbs, full of flowers, unsurpassed for colour and form, as under : — SUTTON'S NEW CYCL.MMEN GIG.^NTEUM ROSEUM SUPERBIUM, 58. and 7s. 6d. eacli. -g^^^y^ CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM ROSEUM, s. d. s. d. Sutton's new variety of 1S77 .. -.3 6 and 5 o „ GIGANTEUM ROSEUM ALBUM .. 2 6 and 3 6 „ PERSICUM ALBUM, pure white .. i 6 to 2 6 „ PERSICUM MARGINATUM, rosy white with red base .. .. .. i 6 ,, 3 6 „ PERSICUM ROSEUM, rose with carmine base . . . . . . ..16 „ PERSICUM ROSEUM ALBUM, white with red base 2 6 I 6 2 6 From the Ga-rdettcrs* Chronicle. December 2t, 1S78. — " I can speak in terms of high praise of Sutton's strain of Cycla- men."— J. Clarke, Gr, to Lord Hastings. THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING. Dahlias. HCANNELL begs to announce that he • has several thousands of splendid plump POT ROOTS in 200 of the choicest varieties in the finest possible condition for propagating Stock, 6j. per dozen. H. C. 's selection, 20J. per 100. In H. C.'s Floral Guide will be found the most complete descriptive and best classified list of the whole family ever published, and full particulars of the new and old single varieties, including *' Paragon," with engraving, which is unquestionably the most beautiful and useful of all Dahlias : sent post-free for twelve stamps. CALCEOLARIAS.— Spotted, very best strain, in pots, is. per dozen ; smaller, 4J. per dozen ; pricked off, fine plants, IS. id. per dozen, i-js. per 100, post-free ; smaller, 12.J. per 100. The Home for Flowers, Swanley, Kent. Strawberries (Forcing). RASPBERRIES.— The best kinds, price per 100 or 1000. and full particulars on application. STRAWBERRY "GARIBALDI."— Splendidstroog plants, in 6-incli pots ready for immediate forcing, 35^. per 100 ; ditto, ill small pots, 15J. per 100 ; strong planted-out runners, of all the best kinds, 5^. per 100, 40^. per 1000. H. CANNELL, Swanley, Kent. To the Trade. TAS. CARAWAY and CO. tl offer :— PEARS, extra strong dwarf-trained Eeurre Diel, 155. per dozen. ,, extra strong, assorted. 15^. per dozen, ;^5per 100. VINES, strong well-ripened canes, for planting, 42^. per dozen. FILBERTS, transplanted layers, strong, 25^. per 100. JAS. CARAWAY AND CO., Durdham Down Nurseries, Clifton, Bristol. LAURELS, Portugal, &c. ; LILACS, RHODODENDRONS, Irish YEWS, SPRUCE FIRS, Dwarf ROSES, LIMES, BIRCH. Mountain ASH, ACACIA, PLANES. BOX, ARBOR-VIT^, CHESTNUTS, a few Standard LABURNUM, SEQUOIA, CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA. THUJA, CEDRUS DEODARA. PICEAS, SPRUCE FIR, AUCUBAS; some other things, great part of them removed last year. Any one can have the lot for ;^ico. I can give them until next Christmas to remove them. RICHARD RICHARDSON, Cotterham Park, Wimbledon. Choice Flowers and Cuttings from HENRY SURMAN, Florist, Witney, Oxon. Show Fuchsfas, \s. per dozen ; Double Pelar- goniums, 'zs. 6d. per dozen ; Zonal Pelargoniums, Show variety, ^s. 6d per dozen ; extra choice Double Petunias, -zs. per dozen ; best Dark Lobelias and Pumilas, 4^. per 100 ; Mesembryan- themum cordifoHum varegatum, 5^. per 100 ; Dahlias, Show and Fancy, cuttings, 6d. per dozen : choice Show Balsam Seed, 9 var., IS. per packet ; choice Show German Aster, 12 var., \s. per packet ; Achimenes, corms, 6d. per dozen. Cuttings from all the above, half-price. Terms cash. Post-free. Wellingtonia gigantea Seed. LPAILLET, NURSERV.MAN, Chatenay-les- • Sceaux, near Paris, France, has the pleasure to an- nounce that he has just received a splendid lot of fresh Seeds of WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA of very first quality, from California. L. PAILLET also offers Tuberous or Bulbous BEGONIAS, fine mixed varieties for bedding ; splendid ROSES of every kind, at very low prices. CATALOGUES, Prices, &c., sent on application either direct to L. P., as above : or to his Agents, Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 15, Harp Lane, Great Tower Street, London. E.C. Surplus Stock, to Clear Ground. MESSRS. CRANSTON and CO. are offer- ing at very reduced prices the following well grown Nursery Stock : — L.4UREL, line bushy plants, 2 to 1% feet, 121. id. per 100; 2% to 3 feet, lis. per 100 : 3 to 4 feet, 20J. per 100. YEW, bushy, 2 to ^% feet, los. per 100 ; 2j4 to 3 leet, 30J. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 50J. per 100. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, M '<> i foot. iS^- P^r 100; I to iji foot, 2oi. per 100; bushy, I'/z to 2 feet, 25J. per 100. BOX, Tree, i to i]A foot, 10s. [id. per 100; 1% to 2 feet, 15J. per 100 ; 2 to 2^ feet, 20^. per 100. THUJA WAREANA, 2 to 3 feet, 25s. per 100 ; 3 ;to 4 feet, 30^. per too. „ LOBBI, 3 to 4 feet, 61. per dozen; 4 to 5 feet, gs. per dozen ; very fine, 5 to 6 feet, 12s. per dozen. PINUS EXCELSA, I J^ to 2 feet, ts. per dozen ; 2 to 3 feet, gs. per dozen : 3 to 4 feet, 12.?. per dozen. „ AUSTRIACA, 3 to 4 feet, is. per dozen; 4 to 5 feet, gs. per dozen ; 5 to 6 feet, 12^. per dozen. ABIES DOUGLASII, 3 to 4 feet. 11s. per dozen ; 4 to 5 feet, i8j. per dozen ; splendid plants, 5 to 6 feet, 24J. per dozen. CEDRUS ATLANTICA, 2 to 3 feet, gs. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, I2S. per dozen. CEDRUS DEODARA, 1% to 2 feet, 12^. per dozen ; 2 to 3 feet, iS^. per dozen. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 2 to 3 feet, 161. per 100; 3 to 4 feet, 25^. per 100. HEMLOCK SPRUCE, 2% to 3 feet, is. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet. gs. per dozen. PICEA LASIOCARPA, i to 1% foot, 24^. per dozen ; fine, i\^ to 2 feet, 30J. per dozen. „ NOFIDMANNIANA, i J^ to 2 feet, 131. per dozen : 2 to 2ji feet, i8j. per dozen ; 2^ to 3 feet, 24s. per dozen ; 3 to 3J- feet, 30^. per dozen. RETINOSPORA PISIFERA, 2 to 3 feet, 121. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, 18.J. per dozen. THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, 2 to 3 feet, iSi. per dozen; 3 to 4 feet. 24^. per dozen. WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA, transplanted last spring, 1% to 2 feet, iS^. pei dozen ; 2 to 2^ feet, 24^. per dozen ; 2j^ to 3 feet. 30S. per dozen. ACER NEGUNDO VARIEGATA, standard, gs. per dozen. SCARLET CHESTNUT, standard. 12s. to lis. per dozen. PEARS and CHERRIES, standard and dwarf-trained, very fine, i8s. to 24J. per dozen. PEARS, Pyramid, bearing trees, gs. to i8s per dozen. _ PEACHES, NECTARINES, and APRICOTS, dwarf-trained. PEARS. Maiden. 30 to 40 leading varieties. 40s. per 100. MANETTI STOCKS, 5->,iioo, from oiu: own selected stock. MARfiCHAL NIEL ROSES, standard and dwarl, exra fine ground plants, , ,■ . j , ROSES, dwarf Tea-scented, strong estabhshed plants, m S-inch pots. r „ LIST of ROSES, including the new Roses for 1879, on application. , .. r j CRANSTON'S Nurseries, king s Acre, Hereford. 232 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 22, 1879. ^BsiiM? ^^. DANIELS BROS.' "DUKE OF EDINBURGH" CUCUMBER. " The finest in CultivaiionP DANIELS BROS.' "Duke of Edinburgh" Cucumber. Per Packet, \s. 6(i. and zs. 6d. Trade price on application. A magnificent variety, of a fine robust constitution ; its fruit growing rapidly to the lengtli of 30 to 36 inches, being at the same time of the most beautiful proportions and splendid quality. Immensely prolific, and unrivalled for exhibition or general use. ^ DANIELS BRO TREE FERNS and PALMS. r/tE LARGEST AND BEST STOCK IN EUROPE. ALSO MANY OTHER MAGNIFICENT SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, Adapted for tlie Decoration of Conservatories and Greenhouses, or suited for Sub-tropical Gardening. VS^ILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Respectfully Invites the Nobility and Gentry to an Inspection of the above. ESTABLISHMENT FOR NEW AND RARE PLANTS, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. THE LAYING DOWN OF LAND FOR PASTURE. AGROSTOGRAPHIA, THE BEST TREATISE on the CULTIVATED GRASSES NEW EDITION WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. MAY BE HAD OF THE LAWSON SEED AND NURSERY COMPANY (LIMITED), ' \ EDINBURGH AND LONDON. THE BEST LA^VN GRASS AWARDED THE ONLY GOLD MEDAL AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION. • x^,mm B0RWI0J1. f^ In Sealed Packets, Price Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. Per Bushel 25s., Carriage Free. Sow 4 Bushels per Acre. Send for CARTER'S Pamphlet, " HoviT to Make a New Lawn, or Renovate an Old Lawn." Sent gratis and post-free. "WE HAVE BEATEN ALL COMPETITORS WITH GRASS SEEDS." THE QUEENS SEEDSMEN ^aJt^Dhi) (. HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, Jr.C CHOICE and SELECTED SEEDS at REASONABLE PRICES. Paul & Son, NUESEKYMEN AND SEED MERCHANTS. CHESHUNT, (Seed Warehouse and Seed Farm at the Old Nurseries, Cheshunt j London Depot and Order Office, Liverpool Street Station, E.G.) Venture to solicit the Orders of their many Customers for ROSES and PLANTS for their requirements in this now large department of the Firm. Personal care is taken in the Selection of all Stocks when the variety is not home-gro'Mn. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF BEST SEEDS ONLY AT REASONABLE PRICES. i^'EHRUARV 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 233 Home-grown Seeds Carriage Free B. S. WILLIAMS' NEW AND CHOICE SEEDS FOR 1879. WILLIAMS' CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTEUM RUBRUM. new, 51. and 31. 6d perptt. WILLIAMS' CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANIEUM, SI. and ji. 6,i. per packet. WILLIAMS' CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, finest mixed, 5^., 3^. 6J., 7S. td and i.y. 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' CALCEOLARIA, Herbaceous, finest mixed, sr., 31. 6if., 21. 6d. and is. 6J. per packet. WEATHERILL'S CINERARIA, extra choice mixed, 51 , 35. 61/., 25. 6tf., and is 6ci. per packet. WILLIAMS' PRIMULA SINENSIS FIM- BRIATA COCCINEA, new, 5s. and 31. M. per packet. WILLIAMS' PRIMULA SINENSIS FIM- BRIATA, red, white, or mixed, 51., 35. 6J., 2S. 6d, and 1^. 61/. per packet. WILLIAMS' BEGONIA, New Bedding, finest mLved, is. 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' SOLANUM HYBRIDUM, Empress, new, 2s. 6anish habitats of C. nudiflorus (excepting those in the Asturias). It is possible that C. nudiflorus may occur south of the I'yrenean chain, but the specimens from Central Spain thus named by many authors and collectors are unquestionably forms of C. serotinus of Salisbury. C. PELoroNNESlACUS (Orphanides). — A good deal of obscurity and doubt hangs over this su|iposed species, the aftinity of which, judging from the pub- lished description, is with C. hadriaticus, and the only point of difference seems to be that peloponne- siacus flowers before the appearance of the leaves, and that in hadriaticus the leaves and flowers are contempor.aneous. Cultivators of Crocuses know that in many cases this is only a question of degree, and it may be that the original description of the supposed new species was drawn up from a specimen of C. hadriaticus, in which the leaves were a little late in appearing. In a specimen of supposed C. pelo- ponnesiacus recently gathered near Patr.as by Pro- fessor De Heldreich, of Athens, I can detect no point that could properly separate it from C. Iiadriaticus. C. hadriaticus s a vari.able plant, and often occurs with pure white flowers. In the Alb.mian plant these are blotched with purple at the base of the limb, and in the variety chrysobelonicus of Santa Maura the throat is of a bright golden-yellow externally veined with chocolate. An error may here be noticed of the existence in several collections of a Crocus under the name of peloponnesi.acus which is merely one of the numerous varieties of Crocus cancellatus, at once distinguishable by its corm tunic of strong oblong-reticulated fibres, that of h.adriaticus consisting of fine silky reticulations like the well-known corm tunic of Crocus sativus. Crocus Boryi i^ — C l.evigatus), Tourneforti, MARATiiONlsius, and Orphanidesi. — The distinc- tion as species of C. Boryi and C. Tourneforti was well understood by the late Dean Herbert ; but as they often grow in their native h.abitats closely intermingled the bulbs have in later years been confounded in theirdistri- bution in English gardens, and confusion has occurred which it is difficult to unravel. This group includes two well marked species, C. Boryi ( = C. Iccvigatus) and C. Tourneforti. C. Boryi is distinguished by its hard cartiUaginous corm tunic splitting up at its base into a Vandyke fringe, the successive tunics lasting for many years, forming a series of superimposed im- brications ; also by its comparatively short, erect, much- branched stigma, generally yellow, occasionally orange, and by the symmetrical feathered markings of the limb, resembling those of Crocus biflorus ; C. Tourneforti, by its softer fibro-membranous corm tunic, its t.all, fragile, branched scarlet-orange stigma, the lax divisions of which bend over, and by its self- coloured limb rarely marked except by a few thin unbranched lines. C. marathonisius of Heldreich and Orphanidesi of Hooker are closely allied to C. Tourneforti and not to C. Boryi. C. marathonisius is invariably white ; C. Tourneforti andC.Iioryi alsovarywithwhite flowers, and these three white forms placed side by side are not a little perplexing. White Boryi and white Tourne- forti are, however, distinguishable by their corm tunics and stigmas, and white marathonisius by its extremely short stigma generally reduced to throe fine thread- like terminations. Professor De Heldreich assures me that this is a constant character, and it is invariable in the S[>ocimens at Kew and those both fresh and dried received from Athens ; but the aspect of this stigma allies it with C. Tourneforti, and not with IJoryi. The white Crocus from Corfu is, I believe, the white form of C. Tourneforti. The leaves of C. Tourne- forti and of its variety marathonisius are usually much longer and n.arrower than those of C. Boryi. Crocus etruscus (Parlatore). — In company with my friend, Mr. .S. Sommier, of Florence, I had the good fortune to refind this plant in the spring of 1S76, .and we had no hesitation in at once accepting it as a good and well marked species ; its affinity, however, is not with C. reticulatus, as h.ad been supposed, but with the group of Italian and Corsican species, includ- ing versicolor, Imperati, suaveolens, corsicus, and minimus. The strongly reticulated corm coat resem- bling that of reticulatus is merely an instance of the absence of natural grouping of individual characters which is such an obvious feature of the genus. As an illustration of this, the three best-known species with annulate corm tunics, C. biflorus, C. pulchellus, ami C. chrysanthus, the corms of which are quite undis- tinguishable, have no other characters in common, indeed are widely separable in all other features. Common characters in the stigma, spathes, colour of limb — i.e., if attempted to be used as a means of grouping — present similar difficulties, community of character in each separate organ bringing together a different set of species ; geographically the same anomaly is apparent, as no distinct set of species grouped on any basis are found locally associated ; indeed, very special char.acters of particular organs are not only associated in totally dissimilar species, but appear common to species isolated in fiir-removed localities. The genus is exceptionally gappy and interrupted and wanting in that continuity of grada- tion which many smaller genera present, and which in large genera is the rule. Again, where a few species seem to naturally associate, as in the case of the five or six species .allied to sativus, and the Italian and^Corsican species allied to Imperati, though the species in each group closely approach each other, the groups themselves are isolated, and intermediate links connecting them with other groups are absent. Whilst writing an intimation reaches me of a bright coloured Crocus having been seen in the middle of May covering the ground high up on Mount Lebanon, on the eastern slope, near the path leading over the high pass of Muckhmel from Ainata on the east to the Cedars on the west, close to the melting snow. As no late vernal species is known in Syria, what can it be ? Will one of the many tourists who visit Lebanon set this question at rest by transmitting some roots to English gardens ? I have also to-day received from Mr. Earr fresh flowers of an unfamiliar Crocus, from roots dug up by Mr. Llewelyn, on sandy ground, near the lighthouse at Biarritz. It has a lil.ac self-coloured limb, bright orange unbearded throat, very long or.ange stigma, dividing high up, and slightly fringed at the ex- tremity, short pale lemon-coloured anthers, a double proper spathe, and very broad leaves, with a square keel. I believe no Crocus is known from that district except nudiflorus, which is an early autumn flowering species, and vernus, which occurs in the Pyrenees, but with neither of these will it at all agree. George Maw, F.L.S., Benlhall Hall, near Broschy, Feb. 1. MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN ORCHID.S. {Continued from p. 203 ) For this preliminary list I have thought it better to retain such generic names as L^elia, Brassia, &c., although Dr. Reichenbach reduces the first to Bletia, Brassia to Oncidium, and so forth. With regard to synonymy, I am mainly indebted to Dr. Reichen- bach's writings in Walper's AnnaicSy and various pubhcations quoted in the list. AciNETA, Lind!., Hot. Reg. xxix. Misc., No. 100. About eight species, ranging from Mexico to New Granada. A. Barker!, Lindl., Bot. Reg. xxix. Misc., No. 100. Bcristeria Barker!, Batem. Orch. Mcx. and Guat., t. 8 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4203. Dark ravines round Jalapa, Mexico. A. chrysantha, Lindl., Paxt. Fl. Gard. i., p. 31. Neippergia chrysantha, Morr., Ann. de Gand. v., t. 282. Mexico. A. cryptodonta, Rchb.f., Bonplandia, ii,, p. 92. Central America. (?) A. dcnsa, Lindl., Paxt. Fl. Gard. i., p. 91, A. War- scewiczii, KI. Costa Rica. A. crydiroxantha, Rclib. f,, Dot. Zcit. 1859, p. 705. Central America. (?) A. Schilleriana, Rchb. f., Walp. Ann. vi. 6o3. Central America, (?) A. sclla-turcica, Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 705. Mt. Chiriqui, Vcragua, at 6000 to 8000 feet. A. superba, Rchb. f., Walp. Ann. vi., 'p. 600. A. Humboldtii, Lindl., var. fulva, Bot. Mag., t. 4156. Anguloa superba, H.B.K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. i., t. 93. Central America, Venezuela, New Granada. Aeuantiius, Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. 8r7. About twenty species, twelve of which arc African and Mascarene, and the remainder New World, ranging from Mexico and the West Indies to Guiana and Peru. A. Schiedci, Rchb. f., Linncea, xxii., p. 858. Todaroa micrantlia. Rich, et Gal. Mexico. A. (?) sp. (?A. .Schiedei var.) Guatemala. (Hb. K.) Ala.mania, La Llave et Lexarza, Nov. Veg. Descr. ii., p. 3T. The only species. A. punicea, La Llave et Lexarza, Nov. Veg. Descr. il., p. 3r. Epidendrum puniceum, Rchb. f. Mexico. Aki'opiiyllum, La Llave et Lexarza, Nov. Veg. Descr. ii., p. 19. Besides tlie following there is one species described from New Grenada. A. alpinum, Lindl., Benth. PI. Hartw., p. 93. Mexico, at an altitude of nearly 10,000 feet. A. giganteum, Lindl., Ann. Nat. Hist, iv., p, 384. Mexico. A. medium, Rchb, f., Beltr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 89. Costa Rica. A. spicatum. La Llave et Lexarza, Nov. Veg. Descr. ii., p. 19, Bot. Mag., t. 6022. Gard. Chron, 1874, i., 727. Mexico, up to B500 feet. A. sp. (? A. spicati var.) Guatemala (Hb, Kew.) Asr,\srA, Lindl., Gen. et Sp. Orch., p, 139. Apparendy confined to Central America. Dr. Reichenbach lias referred all the species except one, recently described by himself to Odontoglossum. A. epidendroides, Lindl., Gen. et Sp. Orch., p. 130, Bot. Mag., t. 3962. Gard Chron. 1843, 878, fig. Guatemala, Panama. A. papilionacca, Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron, 1B76, v!., p. roo. Costa Rica. .\. Principissa, Rchb. f., Bot. Zcit. 1852, p. 637. Veragua. BakivEKIA, Knowles and Westc., Fl. Cab. ii,, p. 7. Restricted to tlie following species, now usually referred to Epidendrum. B. elegans, Knowles and Westc, Fl. Cab. ii., p. 7, with a coloured plate, Bot. Mag., t. 4784. Mexico. B. Lindleyana, Batem, Orch. Mex. and Guat., t. 38 ; Bot. Mag., I. 6098, var. Centerce, Gard. Chron. '^^73' T597. Mexico (at 5500 feet), Costa Rica. B. melanocaulon, Rich, et Gal. Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 st^rie, iii., p. 22. Mexico, at 7000 feet. B. pentadactylum, Epidendrum pentadactylum, Rchb. f., Bonpl. ii., p. 89 ; Xenia, !., t. 48. Costa Rica, at 9000 feet. B. spectabilis, Batem., Bot. Reg. Misc., No. 5 ; Gard. Chron. 18.^2, p. 45=;, 1843, 741. Mexico, Guatemala. Batemania, Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. 1714. About six species, ranging from Mexico to New Granada, Guiana and Brazil. B. armillata, Rchb.f., in Gard. Chron. 1875, iii., p. 780. Central America (?) 236 THE GARDENEkS' CHRONICLE. [t'EBRWARY 22, 1879. B. Burtii, Endr, et Rclib. f,, Gard. Chion. 1872, p. 1099, and 1654, 227, vi. 1876 ; Bot. Mag., t. 6003. Costa Rica, New Grenada. B. grandiflora, Rclib. i., Bonpl. iv., p. 323. Galeottia grandiflora, A. Rich. Mexico. B. sp. (? B. grandiflorre var. ). Costa Rica. Bleti.\, Ruiz et Pav., Fl. Per. .Syst., p. 229. About fifty species, all natives of the New World, dis- persed from Carolina through tlie West Indies and Me.\ico to Peru and Brazil. Professor Reich- enbach includes L^lia, Brassavola, &c. , under this genus, raising the number of species to about 100, Xs. adenocarpa, Rchb. f., Bonpl. iv., p. 216. Mexico. B. anoniala, Rich, et Gal., Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 %txK, iii., p. 23. Mexico. [Florida, Carolina. B. aphylla, Nutt., Gen. ii., p. 194. Mexico, Texas, B. canipanulata, Llave et Lexarza, Nov. Veg. Descr. ii., p. 17. Mexico. [p. 16. Mexico. B. coccinea, Llave et Lexarza, Nov. Vej. Descr. ii., B. florida, R. Br., Ait. Hort. v., p. 206. B. pallida, Lodd. I3ot. Cab., t. 629. Veragua, New Grenada. West Indies. B. fulgcns, Rchb. f., Bonpl. iii., p. 221. Mexico. B. gracilis, Lodd., Bot. Cab., t. 1977, Bot. Reg., t. 1681. Mexico, Guatemala. B. havanensis, Lindl., Bot. Reg. Misc., No. 35. B. acutipetala, Hook. Bot. Mag., t. 3217. Mexico to Panama and in the West Indies. B. jucunda, Lindl. et Rchb. f., Bonpl. iii., p. 221. Mexico. [p. 23. Mexico. B. lilacina, Rich, et Gal., Ann. .Sc. Nat., 3 s^rie, iii., B. Parkinsoni, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3736. Mexico. B. refle.\a, Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. 1760. Mexico. B. Roezlii, Rchb. f. , LinuEea, xli., p. 7. Mexico. B. secunda, Lindl., Bot. Reg., 1840, Misc., 120. Eulophia dilatata, Lindl. Mexico. B. undulata, Rchb. f. , var. ? costaricana, Rchb. f. , Xenia, ii., p. 49. Mt. Chiriqui, Veragua, at 6000 feet. B. verecunda, R. Br., Ait. Hort. Kew. v., p 209. B. Shepherdii, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3319. Mexico, Guatemala, P'lorida, West Indies. BoLBOPHYLLARI.\, Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 934. This genus includes, besides about six American species, one Khasyan and about six Mascarene. B. aristata, Rchb. f., Beitr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 60. Central America. B. Olrstedii, Rchb. f., Bonpl. iii., p. 223. Nicaragua. B. sordida, Rchb. f. , Bolbophyllum sordidum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. xxvi. Misc., 217. Guatemala. Brasavola, R. Br., Ait. Hort. Kew. v., p. 216. About twenty-five species, all New World, and widely spread over tropical America. Referred, by Reichenbach to Bletia. B. acaulis, Lindl., Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii., p. 152, with a figure. Central America. B. appcndiculata, Rich, et Gal., Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 serie, iii., p. 23. Mexico, 2500 feet. B. cucuUati, R. Br., Ait. Hort. Kew. v., p. 216 ; Bot. Mag., t. 543. B. cuspidata, Hook., Bot. Mag. 3722. B. odoratissima, Regel, Gartenflora, t. 33. Mexico. B. Digbyana, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1846, t. 53, Bot. Mag., t. 4474. Honduras. B. glauca, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc., 67. 1840, t. 44 : Bot. Mag., t. 4033 ; Bateman's Orch. Mex. and Guat. , t. 16. Mexico, Guatemala. B. lineata, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 4734. B. Mathieuana, Kl. Central America, 2000 feet. B. nodosa, Lindl, Bot. Reg., 1465 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3229. Mexico to Panama, the northern part of South America and in the West Indies, common. Var. grandiflora (Lindl. species). Honduras. B. Pumilio, Rchb. f , , Linnasa, xviii. , p. 418. Mexico. B. rhopalorrhachis, Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 833. Guatemala, Nicaragua. " B. suaveolens. Gal." (Hb. Kew). Me.xico, 5900 feet. B. venosa, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 39 ; Bot. Mag. t. 4021. Guatemala, Honduras. Brassia, R. Br., Ait. Hort. Kew. v., p. 215. About twenty species, ranging from Mexico and the West Indian Islands to Peru. United with Oncidium by Reichenbach. B. brachiata, Lindl., Benth. PI. Hartw., p. 94; Bot. Reg. 1847, t. 29. Guatemala. B. caudata, Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. 832; Bot. Mag., t. 3451. Mexico or Guatemala, according to Bate- man's list. West Indies, Brazil. B. chlorops, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1873, p. 542. Costa Rica. [Costa Rica. B. Gireoudiana, Rchb. f. and Warscz., Xenia, i., p. 79. B. Helens, Rchb. f., Walp. Ann. vi., p. 771. Central America. B. Lawrenceana, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc., vi., t. 18 ; Gard. Chron. 1841, p. 215. B. augusta, Lindl. B. cochleata, Knowles and Westc. Brazil, Guiana. — Var. longissima, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1868, p. 1313, 1869, p. n82 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5748. Costa Rica. P. Lance.ana, Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. 1734; Bot. Mag., t. 3577- Guiana, Brazil. — Var. ^ macrostachya, Lindl., Sect. Orch., t. 6. Panama. E. longiloba, A. D. C. , Mem. de Geneve, xi.. p. 2, t. 2, fig. A ; Gard. Chron. 1848, p. 139. Mexico. B. maculata, R. Br., Ait. Hort. Kew. v., p. 215 ; Bot. Mag., t. 1691. B. Wrayn;, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 4003. B. guttata, Lindl. Mexico, Guatemala, Jamaica. B. odontoglossoides, Garten Zeitung, 1847 ; Gard. Chron. 1848, 103. Guatemala. B. verrucosa, Lindl., Folia, p. 4, Bateni. Orch. Mex. and Guat. , t. 22. B. aristata, Lindl. B. lon- filoba, DC. B. Cowani, Hort. B. coryandra, torr. ? B. odontoglossoides, Kl. Mexico, Guate- inala, To h contitnicci.) SNOWDROPS. We doubt whether even the Lily of the Valley has a greater hold on our affections than the Snowdrop. Its grace and elegance are beyond compare, while, if it has not the delicious perfume of the Convallaria, it needs no forcing to put in an appearance even when the "snow is on the ground. This year, when the snow and ice melted from our borders, we found some Snowdrops in full bloom. IIow long they had been so hidden by the snow we cannot tell. But there are Snowdrops and Snowdrops, some known to need to be pointed out. It may simply be said that some of the varieties are much better than others — mere increase of size is in our eyes no recommendation, but a broader flower-segment is an improvement. Again, it is an advantage to have early and late varieties. Last year we were favoured by Mr. Melville, of Dunrobin Castle Gardens, with four varieties for comparison. These were planted, some in the open border, others in pots in a cold frame, on September 17. The first was a seedling of Mr. Melville's, which goes by the name of the Dunrobin Fig. 31.— (a) galanthus plicatus; (b) g. elvvesii. early and some late — some small, some large — some single, others double ; and yet they are all Snowdrops — technically Galanthus nivalis. And there are yet other Snowdrops which do not belong to this species, albeit they belong to the same genus, Galanthus. There are G. plicatus and G. Elwesii, as well as some others which by some are considered as distinct species, by others accepted only as varieties. Galanthus nivalis.— The old favourite, the best known, the one to which our allegiance must be always given, in spite of the sujierior size of some of the other forms, is Galanthus nivalis of Linnaeus, a species wild throughout Europe and the greater part of Asia Minor, Its characteristics are too well Seedling. This had larger bulbs than the others, and they were rather more elongated. On November 5 it was aboveground, and on February 9 it produced its flowers, which are larger than those of the ordinary form, but not so large as those of that known as G. Imperati, nor were the segments so abruptly narrowed at the base. The flowers were rather over I inch in length, the flower segments oblong-ovate, broadest near the centre, each one fully half .an inch across in the widest portion. It w.as at one time suspected that this might be a hybrid between a Snowdrop and a Snowfl,ake (Leucojum), but we fail to see any trace of the latter genus in it, although we are told by Mr. Melville that while the other varietie* February 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 237 seed freely with him this one produces no seed, although some of the flowers were carefully fertilised. It may be called G. nivalis var. Melvillei. The second kind, sent by Mr. Melville as a dwarf late form, had smaller bulbs than any of the rest, and it is certainly later, for it is not at the time of writing expanded. The third was an early-flowering kind, which justified its name, for it was in bloom, as we have said, on February 3. Its flowers, like its bulbs, were of medium size, but ])resenled no special peculi- arity apart from their early blooming tendency. The fourth set were ordinary Snowdrops, which were not in bloom till February iS, be said about it : except for the sake of variety we presume few would grow it, but it is interesting structurally. Mr. E. J. "Lowe told us last year that in his experience the common Snowdrop dug up from the fields, where it is so well established as to be almost wild, becomes in large proportion double when transplanted to an orchard. A form named Sharlocki may be mentioned as an accidental variation, in which the spathe is divided completely into two segments ; and, according to Mr. Ellacombe, it frequently bears two flowers instead of one only. Galanthus montanus, which we have not seen, is in Mr. Baker's opinion only a variety of G. nivalis. Fig. 32.— (a) galanthlis imperati ; (b) g. nivalis; (c) g. latifc Galanthus reflexus is, according to Mr. Baker, a small-flowered form of nivalis wit"h the green-tipped end of the petals turned up, " tilted like the petal of a flower." Galanthus nivalis var. latifolius, shown in the upper right-hand corner (c) of fig. 32, is easily known by its very broad strap-shaped leaves. In the flower it does not difter from ordinary nivalis. Galanthus Imperati, shown in the lower part (a) of fig. 32, is, according to Mr. Baker, nothing but a very large form of G. nivalis, but the outer segments of the flower are so abrupt and so narrow at the base as to be almost stalked. The double form of Snowdrop needs little to Galanthus plicatus (a), fig. 31, a long-known species, but called the Crimean Snowdrop, since it was sent over from the Crimea in those terrible days which now seem .so long past, is a very distinct, species, native of Tauri.a, the Caucasus, &c. Its leaves are as broad as those of the broad-leaved types of the common Snowdrop, and, in addition, they are twice folded like the pleats of a fan. The common Snowdrop leaves are folded once in the middle, but in the Crimean species there is an additional fold, as is well seen in the section of the leaves. A third species, Galanthus Elwesii (h), fig. 31, has only recently been introduced by Mr. Elwes, from the^ mountains north of the Gulf of Smyrna, and is figured in the Botanical Magazine, tab. 6166. It was discovered originally by Balansa, and thought to be the same as plicatus, but differs, according to Mr. Elwe."^, in the sheath from which the leaves proceed being more deeply notched, in the leaves not being folded within the sheath but twisted, and in the petals, which are contracted in the middle, being only slightly notched at the apex, and, unlike all the other forms, marked with green spots at the base, as well as at the apex of the petal. Lastly, there is a species mentioned by Professor Orphanides as Galanthus reginte Olgje, of which w e know nothing but the name. We have heard rumours of a very early — that is, of an autumn-flowering kind, which may possibly be this species. To sum up, therefore, we may say that there are the following species and varieties — the latter, though well marked when seen in their extreme forms, yet presenting so many shades of size and form as to defy accurate limitation : — • 1. Galanthus nivalis, Linn. ; Baker, in Journ. ZJoA, Juna, 1878, p. 166. var. major, Redoutc?, Lit., t. 30Q. Melvillei. ? montanus, Schur. caspius, Ruprecht, in Gartenflora, iS:68, p. 132. latifolius, Ruprecht, not Salisbury ; see Gar. tenflora, t. 578. reflexus, Herbert. Imperati, Bertoloni, Fl. Ital. iv., 5. pr^Ecox serotinus fl.-pl. 2. G. plicatus, Marschal Bieberstein, = G. latifolius, Salisbury. 3. G. Elwesii, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 6166. 4. G. reginsB Olgce, Orphanides ; name only. We have to thank Messrs. G. F. Wilson, Barr, and Melville, for living specimens, and we are also in- debted to Mr. Baker for allowing us to see his notes on the plants grown at Kew. To the above we may add, by way of conclusion, a fact that is not generally known — i.e., that almost the whole of the Snowdrop bulbs sold by the trade in this country are grown in Lincolnshire, the propor- tion of home-grown to foreign bulbs sold being, we believe, at the rate of 100,000 of the former to 10,000 of the latter. The principal centres of the bulb trade in Lincolnshire are the towns of Holbeach and Spalding, and the bulbs are grown principally by small farmers and cottagers, from whom they are collected by the local traders in lots from 1000 up- wards, then sampled to the leading houses in the trade, and subsequently distributed among the tens of thousands of flower-loving BritDns. ANTON DE BARY. Anton de Bary, whose portrait is given on p. 241, is the Professor of Botany in the University of Strasburg. His labours have been directed chiefly to the morphology and physiology of Cryptogamous plants, especially fungi, and in this branch of botanical science there is no name to which so much distinction is attached, and no worker who has more justly earned it. To this subject, however, his work has by no means been confined, as the publication, in 1877, of his Comparative Anatomy of tlie I'egetalle Organs of ]'ascular Plants (the result of twelve years' labour) sufficiently showed. Anton de Bary was born in Frankfort on January 26, 1831. As a student in the Berlin University he had the advantage of the teaching of the late Professor Alexander Braun, and as a mark of his gratitude for this he dedicated to him his l^nterstichungen iiber die Brandpilze (Uredinere and Ustilaginea;) — the first work which brought his name into prominence. This was as early as 1853. In these researches he laid bare the remarkable life-history of this group of fungi, to which many of the most destructive diseases of vegetables belong, and the result was of so great importance to vegetable morphology while the diffi- culties in the investigation were so skilfully overcome that the name of the Berlin student became a recog- nised one in mycological science. Until 1858 we find nothing more of importance from his pen, the time being probably chiefly occupied with his university duties and the preparation of his Untersuchungen iilier die Fainilie der Conjitgaten (Zygnemere and Ilesmidere), which was published in that year. Much of this year was also devoted to his researches entitled Die Mycetozoen : ein Beitrag ziir Kenntniss tier iiiedersten Ihiere, which followed in the next year (1S59). In this treatise he contended that those organisms generally known now as Myxomycetes (fungi) were of animal nature, and as may be imagined raised a storm of criticism both adverse and friendly. In 1S64 he published a second and more exhaustive edition of this work, in which he replied to his critics, and while maintaining his views, he leaves it to future research to confirm or to reject them, 238 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 22, 1879. Research has certainly not yet rejected them, and the position is very little altered. Of the life history of this unique group of organisms practically nothing was known before Trofessor de Bary brought it to light. In 1861 he published a popular account of the nature of the Potato disease, and in i86j his important Rcilicnhcs siir la DJvchppciitiiil de ijiielijiics Cham- pi:^iions Parasiles, in which our knowledge of the morphology of the Peronosporere chiefly received large and important additions. In the same year there appeared his investigations Ubcr die Fnuhlcnt- wickelung dcr Ascomyi:clcn, which again shed the first light on the morphology of a great group of fungi. Also in the same year there was published, under the joint authorship of Professors de Bary and Woronin, a Bcitras; ziir A'titittitiss dcr Chytridineen. In 1S64 and in 1S66 the same authorship produced the well- known Beilrdgc zur MorJ John, act iv., scene 2, before spoiling that beautiful pass.age by a misquotation ? Suppose some one at a Rose show were to stage forty-nine instead of forty-eight, or .allow a Noisette to step in where only Hybrid Perpetuals should be, what would you say ? And you committee of the National Rose Society, how can you define a " truss " to mean a Rose ? " How I came to grow Roses " is a pleasant chatty article, which will be found serviceable by many a beginner. We have not space to comment on all the articles in this pleasant little volume, but we cannot help singling out Mr. Mawley's on " The Weather of the Past Rose Year " for special notice, as it is one of the best in the book, containing a great deal of informa- tion not merely of ephemeral interest, but valuable for reference, suggestive of future enquiry, and alto- gether of a nature contrasting very favourably with the "slop over "style of literature which so many think themselves called on to adopt when they write about Roses. — — Hooker's Icones Plantarum. — The last issued part of this publication cont.ains twenty-five plates chiefly illustrative of those orders now in course of examination for the Genera Plantarum. Most of the plants are of botanical interest only, at least their portr.aits do not induce us to recommend them to the notice of those who care only for decorative plants. A New Zealand Eyebright, Euphr.asia disperma, is a very remarkable creeping plant, with very long corolla tubes, and only a single ovule in each cell of the ovule. Stilbanthus scandens is an exception to the general unornamental character of the plants figured in this number. It is described as the finest Amaranth yet discovered, and is a climbing plant, festooning the forest trees of the Sikkim Himalaya with its copious foliage and abundant silky glistening flowers. Our nurserymen should make a note of this plant. We have pleasure in announcing that the Rev. W. A. Leighton has nearly completed the printing of the third edition of his Lichen Flora of Great Britain, Ireland, and the Channel Islands, which it is expected will be ready for issue early in March. This new edition is rendered necessary by the discoveries of Mr. Larbalestier in the West of Ireland, those of Crombie, Stirton, and others in the North of Scotland, and his own researches in North and South Wales, whereby the number of our Lichens, in the former editions amounting to 1156, has been raised to 1706, thus rendering our Lichen flora quite equal in number, rarity and novelty, to that of any country in Europe. An Exiiiiution Building for Horticul- tural Purposes in Hamhurg. — The Hamburg .and Altona Horticultural Union propose erecting a permanent building lor the exhibition of horticultural products, appliances, and accessories. It is estimated to cost ^15,000, of which sum £Soao had been col- lected at the end of November last, and a further ^1500 was certain, leaving only Z^550o to be raised to complete the sum required. With ^9500 in hand they might commence operations this year. FLOWER GARDEN, ETC. The occurrence of a thorough thaw after a long- continued frost, which has kept the earth bound hard and fast for several weeks, will bring with it a num- ber of operations which must be attended to at once. Plants intended for spring display, such as Arabis, Viola, Alyssum, Iberis, and Myosotis which had not become firmly rooted will be found heaped up, and occasionally scratched out in all directions by birds, and should be seen to at once. Most of them will require to be consolidated in their places, and such of them as have made growth of any length, particu- larly Pansies, will require to be further secured in their places with some of those small pegs which I formerly recommended to be made by thousands in inclement weather in winter. Cold harsh winds in spring are often very destructive to these kinds of plants, and as we may soon expect equinoctial gales, these kind of precautions become imperative. Before the more active work of the spring commences it will be as well to bring up all arrears of those minor operations on which much of the neatness of the flower garden during the summer will depend, such as levelling irregularities in the surface of the dressed lawn, making good all edgings of such things as Thrift, Saxifrage, grass, and Box ; in the latter case, if the edgings are overgrown or very patchy, it is best to lift the whole and pkant afresh, and now is the best time to do it. Alterations of all kinds should be pushed forward and brought to a conclusion as soon as possible, the plant- ing of trees and shrubs may be carried on for some considerable time yet, but wherever it is in close proximity to the dressed grounds it cannot be finished off too soon, or it will interfere with the general keeping of the place at a time when the opening beauties of the spring dispkay require to be enhanced by the greatest amount of neatness in the surround- ings. Pricking up the borders of shrubberies is now an imperative operation, and should be pushed on with vigour. Each shrub should have sufficient room for development ; at the same time, as a furnished appearance is necessary, they must not be too far apart. Occasionally it will be necessary to remove some, still much may be done to obviate removal by the free use of the knife, as with few exceptions they all bear to be cut back very freely. Many of the Coniferce of the smaller growing sorts now so much used for the production of variety in effect are greatly improved in symmetry and beauty of outline by being freely trimmed into shape with the knife or, what is more expeditious, a strong secateur ; by keeping an open trench during the process of digging the prunings may always be well disposed of with advan- tage to the ground. Lawns may now be consolidated by frequent rolling with great adv.antage, .as after the long frost they have become spongy and waterlogged, and by no means pleasant for walking upon ; they will also require an occasional brush over with a birch besom, particularly after high winds. Continued attention must be bestowed upon the preparations for the floral display of the forthcoming season, and amongst them some of the more showy of the hardy annuals will be found very useful for the mixed borders if sown now in small pots convenient for transplanting and placed for a short time under gUass with a gentle bottom-heat, from which they must be removed as soon as they germinate and transferred to a cooler situation, frequently ventilating them to become inured to free exposure. Another way is to sow them in drills on a very warm and sheltered border, where they will be ready for transplanting early in April, but they will not bloom so early as those in pots ; all depends upon the requirements, and operations must be regulated thereby. Beds of Pinks, Picotees, Cloves, and Carnations should be examined and the earth consolidated about them, incipient weeds removed, and a dressing of compost, consisting of loam and leaf-mould, spread over the surface, previous to which, however, a sprinkling of soot between the rows, but not to touch the plants, will be very beneficial. A mixture of soot and ashes in a rather dry state should be kept in hand at this season of the year, as it is very useful for sprinkling over damp surfaces where there are choice plants liable to the att.acks of snails and other vermin, and amongst them beds and patches of choice seedling or n.amed Polyanthus should have some of themixture pricked inaboutthem. Thc'Crocuses, Scillas, and other bulbs and tubers planted in October and November are pushing through fast, and a dressing of the same will do them no harm as a preventive, and soot we know is a good fertiliser. The planting of Roses m.ay still be continued, as probably the long frost may have interfered with this operation to some extent, but the sooner it is finished the better : well decomposed and rich manure should be liberally ap- plied to the soil, and the surface mulched over with half decomposed litter. The pruning of the hardier .sorts of China and the other hardier varieties of Roses about the lawns may be commenced at once. John Cox, Redleaf, February 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 239 HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. An eftVirt shoulJ now be made to bring up all arrears of work as soon as possible, consistent with good workmanship and the particular requirements of individual gardens. The buds of fruit trees are this year more backward than is usual, owing to the pro- bnged severity of the winter, but the sun will soon begin to exert considerable inlluence, upon wall-trees especially. Apricots being the first to open their blossoms, it will be well to finish nailing and tying them with all proper dispatch in order that there may be no obstacle to duly protecting them when spring frosts occur. Use no more nails or ties than arc necessary to properly secure each branch in its place, and guard against overcrowding by laying in no more branches than are required to form the tree or to fdl; up the spaces occasioned by the removal of dead> branches. Long spurs may be shortened back, but; be careful not to cut or bruise the trees in such a way as to induce gum and canker, as these latter ard always sufficiently troublesome in Apricot trees, evenj when carefully managed. What may be termed; fragments of trees, or such as are known to be " or^' their last legs," may be left until it is seen how they have withstood the storm ; many such will probably die in two months' time, and will have to be removed. Endeavour to keep all trees fairly close to the walls, allowing each kind sufficient space to develope and fully expose it leaves. Some sorts of Plums require much more room than others, and the same applies to Pears, though perhaps not to the same extent, the large-leaved kinds, of course, requiring the most space. Aim at preserving or producing, as the case may be, something like symmetry in the shape of the trees, whatever form of training is adopte 1, but avoid distorting or twisting any branch that may have grown! a little stubbornly in the wrong direction. It is better to bring such into position gradually — a little now and a little more another time. The ground in this locality is not yet in good condition for planting ; indeed, it is again covered with snow. It will be Weil, therefore, where such is the case, not to be in too great a hurry, Init to wait for a good opportunity, which is sure to occur after a while. Proceed with' the pruning of Gooseberry and Currant bushes where any such work remains to be done, aiming at having sturdy bushes on short clean single stems or legs, the head being somewhat open in the centre and consist- ing of comparatively few branches, which should be regularly furnished with fruit-spurs from bottom to top. This, however, can only be attained where the bud-destroying birds are kept in abeyance, as where these latter are allowed to have their own sweet will, .anything like a symmetrical and profitable bush is impossible, but only an unsightly lot of bare sticks, surmounted it may be with a wig of young growths, at the top and smothered with suckers at the bottom. Get Raspberry canes thinned out and secured to their supports, finishing oft" with lightly pricking up the ground among them and adding a mulching of rotten manure. Strawberry runners that were planted last summer and autumn, especially the latest planted ones, will mostly be found to have been loosened by the frost, and will require firming in as soon as the ground is fit to tread upon. F. Hctn-ison, KiKr^usky. FRUIT HOUSES. Peaches and Nectarines. — Although we have milder weather, forcing, owing to the continued absence of sunshine, is still carried on by fire-heat, consequently the fruit in the early house is later than usual ; but the trees are looking well, and where the roots are in good inside borders the time cannot be far distant when a rapid change will take place ; in the mean time a steady course will be found the safest both as regards forcing, disbudding, and syringing. A night temperature of 50° to 55°, with a rise of lo" by day from fire-heat, and 10° more from sun-heat after closing, will not exceed the bounds of safety, and the trees will be in a good condition for sharp forcing when the long-wished-for light and warmth do put in an appearance. Disbudding must be regu- lated by the growth ; if strong and healthy the whole of the ibreright shoots may be taken ofT at once, and many of the side growths may be pinched back to form spurs, particularly where there is likely to be a scarcity of foliage, always bearing in mind that the best break from the base must have ample room for extension and full exposure to light. Trees that have broken weakly from past heavy crop- ping or languid root-action often set very freely, but no time should be lost in the removal of the least promising fruit from the lower sides of the shoots where the thinning of the blossoms has been neglected, and if the paths, walls, and floors can be syringed once a day with clear tepid liquid manure, consider.able improvement in the colour and strength of the foliage will soon be apparent. Syringe freely backwards and forwards on fine days with water a few degrees warmer than the house, but avoid having the leaves wet at nightfall. Give a little air at 60°, and gradually iacrcase it as the temperature rises, but carefully guard against cutting draughts or sudden depressions at all times. Examine inside borders and water freely with warm water until it passes through the drainage, which should be of the most perfect kind, as the Peach delights in an abundance of this element, pro- viding it is not stagnant. Early trees in outside borders ha\'e had a very trying but a favourable time for proving whether it is the use or abuse of fer- menting materials — say a foot of good dry warm Oak leaves, with shutters over all — that does harm. Follow the usual routine in succession-houses, fumigate thoroughly before the trees open their first flowers, draw the finger down the lower sides of the shoots where they are very thick, fertilise every day when the house is dry and warm. Keep late houses well ventilated by night and day unless the weather is severe, and get the borders properly moistened before the buds begin to swell, otherwise many of them will fall off. If not already done the latest kinds of Peaches established in pots for giving the last supply of house fruit should be got into a position where they can have protection from sharp frosts when the flowers begin to show colour. Amateurs and others who wish to have really good late kinds worth eating, will do well to confine themselves to Barrington, Walburton Late Admirable, and the handsome Prince of Wales, in preference to the enormous balls of tasteless fibre that sometimes captivate the judges at the late autumn shows. ]V. Cokiiian, Figs. — The earliest started pot-trees that have been kept in a steady bottom-heat of 70° to 75° will now be very active, and having a great number of fully developed leaves exposed to the influence of light, particular attention must be devoted to the supply of water, as anything approaching dryness at the roots will prove fatal to the most forward fruit. If the pots are quite full of roots, hoops 4 inches in depth, made of lead or zinc, may be fitted inside the rims for the reception of rich top-dressmgs, little and often, as well as tepid liquid manure, in quantities that will pass through to the drainage. The atmo- sphere must also be kept in a mni^t growing state by the vigorous use of the syringe twice a day over the foliage when the weather is light arvd fine, and over paths, walls, and the surface of the bed when dull. Let the night temperature range from 55" to 65°, with an increase of 10' to 15° by day. Give a little air at 70', and aim at 85° as the maximum from sun-heat. Attend to stopping and tying as growth advances, and guard against overcrowding as one of the greatest evils in early Fig culture. When properly grown a dish of Figs in May forms a valuable addition to the dessert, but to have flavour and colour they must have full exi>osure to light and a free circulation of dry warm air — hence the importance of keeping the young growths thin and evenly placed. Trees estab- lished in beds of earth that were started early in January will soon require disbudding and stopping, but where trellis room admits, the leading shoots should be allowed to extend to the extremity without stopping, as these always give very fine highly- coloured fruit. Examine the borders, mulch with rich compost as the roots rise to the surface, and water freely with tepid liquid-manure. If the trees are growing against walls stem roots may be obtained by packing with moss or light fibry pieces of turf, which may be made valuable auxiliaries if kept well mois- tened with liquid-manure. One of my best trees, thoroughly established on a stone wall, is capable of maturing a crop of fruit without the aid of under- ground roots. VV. Coleman, Eastnor. Melons. — Reiterating my remarks in last Calendar, and to which I have little to add in the present, I would say, maintain a night temperature of from 65" to 70° — the latter will not be too high a degree of heat, now that the weather has become mild — and from 75° to 80° as a bottom-heat, with a day tempera- ture of 75° with fire, running up to 85" with sun. On bright mornings — as we may reasonably expect to experience a change for the better in the weather now — put a little air on at 75" and shut up at 85", and run up to 90^, with plenty of moisture. Plants shifted into 32's some time back will now l>e ready for plant- ing, if not already done, on the hillocks in the Melon- house proper for trellis training. The plants being moderately moist at the roots before being turned out of the pots, the soil should be pressed firmly round each plant while being planted. Moreover, the base of the plants should be kept well up to or a little higher than the surface of the mound, in order to prevent the soil round the collar of the plants becom- ing too damp, which would cause canker in the stem — a disease to be guarded against. //. \V. Ward, Longford Castle. Cucumbers. — The weather still remains anything but favourable for early forcing. It has been wet, cloudy, and all but sunless weather for the last ten or twelve d.ays — circumstances which are very antago- nistic to forcing in general. More especially is this the case where the forcing of the subjects of this paper, is being carried on in dung frames, wherein a superabundance of moisture may arise, probably to the ultimate loss of the plants if not otherwise dispelled or absorbed, and in which case I would, at the risk of repetition — which, however, is inevitable in Calendar writing — recommend a dusting of new lime and soot to be made over the surface of the bed, which will be the means of neutralising the moisture, and thereby preventing the (jlants from "damping off." Let the airing, tying, stopping, temperature, and atmospheric moisture be attended to as recommended in former Calendars. Make a successional sowing in accordance with requirements. //. IV. Ward, Longford Castle, PLANT HOUSES. Sunshine and mild weather at last, and with it to plant cultivators comes a press of work that admits of no putting oft". The first thing requiring prompt attention is that of prop.ag.ating stock of soft-wooded stuH for winter blooming, chief among which are Chrysanthemums, for although cuttings of these put in later make exceedingly useful plants of a fair size for conservatory decoration or cutting from, the season is not sufficiently long to admit of growing them into fine specimens. A temperature such as that afforded by an ordinary Peach-house or vinery just put to work will bo ample, where if inserted singly in sandy soil in small pots, or three or four placed around the sides of others of larger size, and stood under handlights on damp moss, they will soon root and be ready for removal to a more airy position. Next to Chrys.anthemums in point of usefulness for winter blooming come such things as Libonia penrhosiensis, L. floribunda, and Linum trigynum, neither of which are half so much grown as their merits deserve, as they go far to make a greenhouse gay at a time when little else is avail- able. So free of propagation are they that they strike like weeds if only the plants are put into a little warmth for a week or so to excite them before taking off the tips of the shoots, and if this is done and a bell-glass placed over them when inserted not one in a hundred will fail. In propagating Linum trigynum I greatly prefer the young tender growth when about 3 inches long, which taken off with a heel always make the best plants. The same may be said of the Euphorbia jacquinia;flora, one of the finest and most useful things for winter work among the occupants of the stove, well grown specimens of it affording an almost inexhaustible supply of flowers for cutting, the brilliant colour of which being such as to quite light up any vase and impart a most telling effect. To get good cuttings the best way is to head back a few of the old plants to within a foot or so of the pots, as the wood there being harder and riper makes firmer shoots, and any of these taken off in the manner advised for the Linunis, root almost as readily if subjected to a close brisk heat where there is no lack of atmospheric moisture. Where space can be spared to plant one or two out and train the branches up near the glass so that they can get plenty of light and sun, they far surpass any that can be grown in pots, as the wreaths of bloom not only come finer and longer, but when cut they break again and afford a second supply. At no time of the year perhaps are flowers in greater request than at Easter, nor any more highly prized at that season than Eucharis amazonica. Gardenias and Lily of the Valley, to provide plenty of each of which it is neces- sary to begin betimes, especially with the two first- named that do not admit of being much hurried. Eucharis that have been rested for a time by being kept somewhat dry should be gradually put to work again by having the balls thoroughly moistened, and the pots stood where they can get a good brisk heat, which with a humid atmosphere soon brings the roots again into full play, when if the drainage is efficient it is not an easy matter to overdo them with water. Of all plants we have to deal with none are more subject to that pest of hothouses, mealy-bug, than Gar- denias, for if there be one to be found it is sure to be on them ; but thanks to paraffin, which fortunately their foliage bears if applied carefully, we have a sure and unfailing remedy. The most effectual w.iy of using it is to lay the plants on their sides where they can be got at so as to drive the mixture both back and front of the leaves, and thus wet every part, while doing which it is necessary that some one should keep the water violently agitated by drawing some out, and syringing it back again, in order to prevent the oil from floating, as it otherwise would, on the tfip. By giving a dressing in this way, and repeating the same at the interval of a week or so, they will be no further trouble till the blooms are all cut, and it is time to head back the plants for them to become refurnished with fresh growth. A wine- glass of paraffin to 4 gallons of warm water is quite sufficient, as to exceed that quantity is to run risks of injuring the young buds, which in the embryo state are exceedingly tender. Camellias, so valuable for the adornment of cool houses in spring, are doubly so when they can be induced to flower early, and the only way to coax them to do this is to bring them into the habit by degrees, when, after a season or two, it be- comes natural, and they go on with great regularity. J. Shefpard, Woolverstone. 240 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February zz, 1879. THE ^ardeircr.^^ CliMnicIt SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1879. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Monday, ( Sale of <^)rchi(IS| at Stevens' Rooms. . 24 < Sale of Japanese Lilies, by I'roilieroc & Tuesday, Feb. 25 Wednesday, Thursday, SATUKO.^v, March Mo [ Sale of Messrs. W. Roliisson & Sons' Stock, by I'rolheroe & Morns, Clearance Sale at Holmes' Nursery, West Ham, by I'rotheroe & Morris Sale of Shrubs, Herbaceous Plants, Gladioli, &c., at Stevens' Rooms. \ Sale of Miscellaneous Plants and IJulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. Feb. 26 Feb. 27 — Sale of Orchids, at Stevens' Rooms. C"* REAT interest was excited in South ^ Australia about ten years since by the discovery of a curious carboniferous substance resembling caoutchouc found on the surface of the soil, and serious attempts were made to utilise it. The origin of this substance was very uncertain, and a want of accurate knowledge led to considerable expense. It was supposed to be derived from subterraneous deposits, which oozed through fissures in the ground, and consequently deep wells were sunk, which led only to a certainty that the received theory was wrong. Large quantities were sent to this country for experiment, but the supply instead of being, as was asserted, inexhaustible, proved very uncertain, and it was found that, though useful chemicals might be derived from it, it would not properly amalgamate with the indiarubber, so that it was useless to the manufacturers of indiarubber goods, and so, as far as they were concerned, the matter ended. A notice, however, appeared in the Adelaide Advertiser, September 24, 1878, that a fresh deposit of COORONGITE, the name by which it is known, had been recently found to exist on the ground where it was first discovered between the Salt Creek and the Coorong ; and attention accordingly was again directed to the subject. Specimens were sent originally to the writer of this article, who found on examination the sparingly necklace-like threads, and he was disposed to consider it as a vegetable pro- duction, and this observation accorded with those of Mr. G. Franci.s of the Adelaide Insti- tute, who has paid great attention to the subject, and has lately visited the place where it occurs. He writes: — " It has nothing to do with the lake, and has also no connection with petroleum. It is found on the limestone edges of a grassy flat that is surrounded by limestone banks or hillocks 8 or 10 feet high. The plain is sandy for 12 or 20 feet deep, and will not hold water. The Coorongite looks like the sun-dried droppings of cattle, and is con- fined to the limestone bank, and does not fall over it nor extend over the plain. I have always been of opinion that it is a fungus or lichen, and you confirmed the latter idea. It is granular in its structure, the surface covered with cups full of spores in chains or like neck- laces, and, being very oily and sticky when new, retains the diatoms blown about. These have caused many surmises, and the idea that the stuff was a half dried-up fluid exuding from the strata below. It is simply a vegetable growth and a lichen, and is quite unconnected with the lake, being 6 miles inland." Such was a portion of the letter received from Mr. Francis, other parts of the same communication having already appeared in this journal in connection with the curious case of cattle poisoning from the waters of a lake being infested with an Alga which formed masses where thrown upon the shore, which exhibited very curious phenomena. Mr. Francis' letter was accompanied by two large packets of Coorongite in various condi- tions, sometimes forming continuous masses as thick as common oilcake on the sandy soil, sometimes attached to twigs, and sometimes in little scattered patches on the surface of lime- stone. All these have been carefully examined microscopically by myself, and the most im- portant of them by Mr. Broome, and not the least sign was discovered of anything vegetable, much less of the necklacc-likc threads which were at first observed by myself and also by Mr. Fr.\NCIS. On fresh examination of the original specimen 1 had long since supposed that the presence of these organisms was acci- dental, and the examination of the numerous specimens before me has left me where I was. 1 cannot now consider the substance as vege- table, but its nature is still problematical, and nothing is likely to solve the difficulty but examination of it in the moment of deposit. The question is now purely one of scientific interest, as the commercial value of the sub- stance is more than doubtful. M.J. B. ■ ■ Professorship ofBotanv at Edi.np.urgh. — We learn that Professor Balfour has resigned this important professorship on the score of ill health. There will be but one feeling of regret at the necessity which has induced so able and energetic a teacher to resign his appointment. The May Shows at South Ken'singto.n AND Manchester. — On looking to the date which the Royal Horticultural Society has fixed for its great show at Kensington, we are sorry to see that the time chosen interferes with the Manchester Exhibition so far that the .Society's show closes on the same day as that at Manchester opens, which, as a matter of course, precludes the possibility of the principal exhi- bitors putting in their appearance at both places except to a very limited extent ; and so far as regards the best collections of private growers which it is so desirable to secure, their total absence from one of the two may be looked upon as a certainty. We do not know what it is that guides the Kensington authorities in the fixture of the date for their show, but holding it at the same time as the Manchester gathering is a decided loss to both, and it is well known that the Manchester meeting is, and has been for near a score of years, a permanent fixture for Whitsun week, and could not possibly be moved to any other date than that of the great manufacturing holiday without a certain and serious pecuniary loss. Consequently the Old Trafford management is not to blame for the cla.shing. I should not be forgotten that it is the productions, and these in quantity and of the best quality, that make these exhibitions sufficiently attractive to command the attendance of the public. The thinly covered stages of the London show.s during some years past have been a subject for general ccm- ment amongst those who attend them, and according to present appearances there is not much likelihood of their improving, whereas if the arrangements were such as they might be, several of the finest West of England collections which each year go to Manchester would doubtless be forthcoming in London. ■ The Lack of Sunshine.— The sun seems to sympathise in the general gloom that oversh.adows the welfare of the kingdom, and persistently with- holds its face. The comparative absence of sunshine du.ing the past three months has been generally remarked, and the effect is seen in the stagnation of vegetation. E.xcept the earliest of spring flowers, such as Scillas, Snowdrops, Hellebores, cSic, that will force themselves up almost in spite of cold, nothing pushes into growth, the sky is cloudy, the earth cold, and saturated with moisture. The general shallow- ness of water in the earth is a marked feature of the season, and tends to keep the soil exceedingly cold. Were severe frost again to visit us the result must be most deplorable, as plants are much weakened by past attacks, and the soil is wetter than at any time of the winter. No doubt there is a certain amount of good to be anticipated from the present stagnation — the longer the check is maintained the more cheerful the prospects for the later spring. For many past seasons we have had to deplore the intermittent nature of our spring seasons — now a few days of sun- shine and almost summer warmth, then an inter- regnum of bitter blasts and keen frosts. This kind of weather following on for a couple of months, sadly as it tests the human constitution, must be even more tryingforthe newly-expandingbuds, leaves and flowers, and the chances are as ten to one against the setting of a healthy fruit crop. The longer our trees and plants of all kinds are held in check the better our prospects for the summer and autumn harvests, and this is the prime consideration in all garden work. The promoters of spring shows are doubtless troubled as to the forward state or otherwise of the material that is to beautify them, as even the most abundant use of artificial heat cannot compensate for the absence of solar light. This, however, is but a minor evil, and may be lightened by the adjournment of the shows to a later date, but the exhaustion of the winter forces now rather than later on will prove an unmiti- gated blessing. Pearls in Pea-pods ! — Here is a chance for advertisers of new Peas. We copy this from the Queen : — "At a recent ball a lady is stated to have appeared in a white silk dress with beautiful lace and sprays of green Pea-pods half open, showing the Peas inside, which were pearls. A wreath to match was worn." Surely a necklace of the medals gained by the Peas at various exhibitions might be worn, and perhaps even the Cross of the Legion of Honour. Seriotisly, the lady has outdone the dealers, for none of them have as yet advertised their Peas as pearls. We know of one lady who, last season, appeared in society with a live beetle attached to her neck by a fine chain. What would have happened if the beetle had met with the Peas ? But then the beetle was not the Pea Weevil (Bruchus pisi), but one of a more ornamental character. • Cultivation as a Test of Species. — As the general outcome of his numerous researches upon cultivation as a test of species. Professor Hoffmann, of Giessen, says that he has come to the conclusion that existing plants are the descendants of those which have preceded them either in a modified state or unchanged since the most ancient geological period. The manner in which this evolution has been brought about and is still going on is progress — progress, that is, from the simple to the compound, according to the principle of the division of labour, limited in its action by the effect of competition. Species may be considered as the terminal link in a series of generations the connecting thread between which has been broken, so that the parent trunk is unknown or has disappeared, while the variety may still be referred by observation (and experiment ?) to the parent trunk from which it is derived. To ascer- tain these relations well and scientifically devised cultivation is necessary. By cultivation it may be ascertained whether a given form is persistent or transitory, whether it reverts to the original tj'pe. Transitional forms between species do not of them- selves prove anything because under cultivation they remain permanent. The reciprocal fertility also cannot be adduced in support of specific identity as some hybrids are fertile, and one between Mimulus cardinalis and M. luteus has produced fertile hybrids for several generations and yet under cultivation it is not possible to convert one species into the other. Geographical distribution also supports the notion of species, for while certain species of Primula and An.agallis occur mixed together in certain districts, yet in other districts one or other species is found without the other, as if it obeyed different climatic laws. Composts for Pot-grown Pl.\nts. — As the season for shifting the generality of pot-grown plants is approaching, a word about soils may be of service. Notwithstanding that so much has been written on this subject, we are led to suppose, from the questions which often reach us, that there are many who do not fully realise the effect that the best soil of its kind, peat or loam, has upon plants. In many parts of the kingdom really good peat, such as the majority of subjects grown in pots that need a soil of this nature want, is not available without procuring it from a considerable distance ; and when cost, car- riage, &c., are put together, the expense looks for- midable, the result being that such stuff as may be at hand is made to do duty. The effect of this is that the plants, even with the best attention in other ways, are never seen in such a condition as when grown in soil that will admit of their full and healthy develop- ment. Vet this is anything but wise economy, as the cost of good soil, even when difficult to obtain, is a very small item as compared with that of the houses February 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 241 wherein to grow them, combnied with fuel, laliour, and cost of the plants in the first instance. The vege- table fibre existent in either the best peat or loam, and which consists of the roots of the Ferns and grasses that have grown on the land from which it has been dug, has been proved as not only affording the most agreeable food for by far the greater number of things cultivated in pots, but also, from its tough enduring character, it keeps the earthy portion of the soil for a long period in a healthy porous condiiion. Theoreti- cally speaking this is usually accepted ; but there are bears reference to peat, it holds good with loam as well for most things. As will be easily under- stood, when soil of this description is employed, it becomes necessary to use the potting lath much more freely, so as to give the requisite solidity. In par- ticular we may name Colden Tricolor Pelargoniums, many of the finest coloured varieties of which arc well known as slow delicate growers, but potted in loam, nearly one-half consisting of the grass-root fibre such as is often used for laying over the crocks, with somewhat less manure acided than usual, the growth was one of the_'.vastest undertakings ever attempted in botanical literatme, and that, one might say, at a period when botany was in its earliest infancy. The history of it is briefly this :— During the war between .Sweden and Denmark in 1658 the large herbarium collected by Joachim Burser in his travels in various countries of Europe, fell into the hands of the .Swedes, and subsequenlly it came into the pos- session of Court Councillor Coyet. Oi.of Rud- iiECK, the elder, no sooner heard of this than he tried to persuade the owner to present it to the Un:- .\XTON DE B.\RY. (.See I'. 237 many engaged in the growth of pot-plants who do not attach so much importance to the presence of this vegetable matter in the soil in such quantity as is evi- dently conducive to their continued well-being. We have been led to these remarks from some experi- ments we have carried out in recent years with a number of plants, both hard and soft-wooded, in pot- ting which a good deal more of the earthy portion of the material was removed than is generally done ; and in every case the advantage was clearly percep- tible in both healthy vigour of wood and leaves, as likewise in the size and colour of the flowers, and the way the plants kept on in a flourishing condition for years. Although what we have said more directly made was almost double each season to that which we ever saw when the soil was of the description generally looked upon as suitable. With Fuchsias the effect was the same. Even in the case of Ama- ryllis, that are proverbially fond of a close-holding material, the increase in the size of the bulbs was marked ; but for the latter it was rammed into the pots as hard as it was possible to make it. The Ten Last Parts of Oi.ok Rud- beck's Campi Elysii.— Under this title Dr. M. B. SWEDERUS has in the Bolaiiisihe Zeitiiii}; "A Con- tribution to the History of Swedish Natural Re- search." Olof Rudueck's work, Campi Elysii, versity of Upsala. This he finally succeeded in doing, his request being fulfilled in 1666. Rudbeck at once conceived the idea of drawing the whole of the plants, .and he and his students and lis son and two daughters speedily prepared a large number in their natural colours. Charles XI s attention being attracted to this great work was the cause of RunuECK being able to employ the services of an engraver on wocd, and commence the publication of the Campi Elysii. Paits I and 2 appeared between 1700 and 1702. Unfor- tunately, the fire which nearly destroyed the town of Upsala in 1702 consumed the greater iwrt of Rui-- beck's collections, including 7033 finished cuts. 242 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [FeURUARV 22, 1879, After this little was heard of the work until the summer of 1831, when the parts 2 to 12 were dis- covered in a jirivatc lilirary. According to Dr. SwEDERUS the total existing number of figures of plants executed for this work, including those printed and the ten volumes of drawings found, exceeds 6200, and they are for the greater part beautifully executed. Judging from the signatures, about forty persons took part in the work. The drawings are mDstly true to Nature, and often very fine. In some instances the colours have faded, but generally speaking they are as fresh and bright as if they had been laid on yesterday, instead of more than 200 years ago. IiiERis SEMPERFLOREN'S. — This fine, white, shrubby, free-flowering plant may be had in bloom early in the season by simply potting up the plants in the autumn, and wintering them in a cold frame. Some plants so treated in Mr. Parker's nursery at Tooting are now showing a profusion of blossoms wliich would be most valuable to many a gardener whose means for forcing are of a limited order, yet from whom his employers may have great expecta- tions in the matter of cut flowers. TiIETrEES and SlIRUnSOPANCIEN'TGREECE AND TiiEiR /Esthetic Application. — From Der Deutsche Garten we learn that our esteemed colleague. Professor Karl Koch, intends publishing a work bearing the above title. A fragment of it, "The Fig tree," appears in the number for this year of the periodical named. The ancient Greeks subsisted .almost wholly upon the prodvicts of three trees, the Olive, the Fig, and the Vine. No doubt, says Pro- fessor Kocir, Diogenes lived in his tub on Figs alone, and was contented therewith, so that he had only one favour to ask of the powerful Macedonian King Alexander the Great, who desired to bestow some- thing upon him, and that was " to stand out of his sunshine." - Destruction of Plants by Hogs. — Goats, rabbits, collectors for commercial purposes, and greedy specimen hunters, are born enemies to botanists and horticulturists proper. Hogs must be added to the list ; for, according to a writer in the AnicrUaii Naturalist, they have destroyed, over large tracts in Florida, the stems of the Zamia inte- grifolia. These trunks abound in starch, from which Florida arrowroot is made, and which is but too palatable to the hogs. It is probable that, except where taken into cultivation, this handsome plant will become totally extirpated. ■ Helleborus NIGER, VAR. MAJOR, is magni- ficently in flower at Kew. The specimen is one of a fine collection presented, with many other choice herbaceous plants, by B. IIOOK, Esq., of Bradfield, Reading. There are no less than 170 flowers, eighty of which are expanded and in perfection ; the leaves are drawn together with a tie, so that by standing a short distance aw.ay there is a full view of the mass of blossoms beneath. To see this is to feel a thrill of surprise and pleasure, and to have an expanded knowledge of the development possible in this favour- ite species. The flowers are of the purest white, without the familiar tinge of pink. These plants have made the most urprising growth since the thaw, and the majority of sthose forming the collection are showing flower. Tropical Bouquets. — Commenting upon the seeming waste of money involved in the planting of rare flowers and shrubs by the side of the roads in the government forest at Rio dc Janeiro, Mrs. ISrassey, in her delightful volume, A Voyage in ilie " Sunbeaiii," remarks that the addition of flowers from other countries did not appear to be any im- provement, though the feeling was otherwise there ; and bears out this statement by mentioning the fact that she had more than once a bouquet of common Stocks given to her as a gr.and present, while Orchids, Gardenias, Stephanotis, large purple, pink and white Azaleas, Orange-blossom, and Roses, were growing around in unheeded profusion ! While on the subject of bouquets, we may mention that in the Argentine Republic Mrs. Brassey had an opportunity of seeing some of tlie bouquets intended for presentation at the opera one evening, the flowers in which she describes as being "arranged in all manner of strange shapes and devices — full-sized tables and chairs, music- stands, and musical instruments, and many other quaint conceits, composed entirely of grey Neapolitan Violets, marked out with Camellias and other coloured flowers." In a subsequent ch.apter we re.ad of our authoress being presented, before leaving the River Plata, with " a most magnificent bouquet composed entirely of Violets, arranged in the shape of a basket, 3 feet in width, full of Camelli.is, and marked with my initials in Alyssum ; altogether it was quite a work of art, but almost overpoweringly sweet." At Singa- pore, on March iS, 1S77, Mrs. Brassey "bought some Gardenias for one penny a dozen, beautifully fresh and fragrant, but with painfully short stalks." At the same time, in Covent Garden, Gardenias were realising from <)s. to iSs, per dozen. Think of that, ye lovers of sweet-smelling posies. Standard Gooseberry Trees. — A writer in the Deutsche Giirtver-Zeitinii^ asserts that standard Gooseberry and Currant trees cannot be too highly recommended, on .account of their greater productive- ness and the superiority of their fruit. With regard to Gooseberries, if standard trees succeed better than dwarf bushes in Germany, where the summer is much hotter than ours, they should succeed here ; liut in this land of Gooseberries the pr.actice is not recom- mended, on the contrary, it is discouraged. Whether the standard system has been fairly tried we are not able to say, but we should not expect the fruit to be superior. The Genus Citrus. — The Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce, ofler a prize of 30oolire (.about ^120) for the best monographic essay on the structure, the vital functions, and the diseases of the acid fruits of species and varieties of the genus Citrus and kindred genera ; provided that the essay, by a suffi- cient coUectionof original observations and experiments, should succeed in furnishing an important addition to the present knowledge concerning such subjects, and thereby supply a scientific criterion for the improve- ment of the cultivation of these acid fruits and for the cure of their diseases. The date for sending in the works competing for the prize is fixed for the end of May, iSSl. Essays by Italians, or by foreigners written in Italian, are admissible to the competition ; but if written in another language they must be accompanied by an Italian translation. The essays sent in for competition are to be sent to the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce, with the superscription : " Competition for the Prizes for the best Essay on the genus Citrus," and they must be distinguished by a motto, to be given also on a sealed cover containing the name and address of the author. The award upon the essays of the competitors will be issued by the Commission appointed in pursuance of the Royal decree of February 14, '1S77, No. 36S4, within ten months from the close of the competition. The cover that bears the motto of the essay to which the reward is to be granted will be opened ; the covers corresponding with the unsuccessful essays will be burnt unopened. The copyright of the essays sent in for competition is reserved to the respective authors ; but the essay that obtains the reward may be printeil, entire or in part, in the Annals of Agri- culture, published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce. French and German Agricultural and Horticultural Products. — From the Deutsche Glirtncr-Zcitung we extract the following statistics of the traffic in agricultural and horticultural produce between France and Germany in 1S77 : — FrenchlniportsfromGerinany , Fren-Ji Exports to Germany. Val Lie— Francs. Val Lie— Francs. Timber .. 3-1.000,000 Wine 27,000,000 Cereals .. 10.000,000 Gr.-iin 23,000,000 Oil seeds .. 6,000,00a Meal ig. 000,000 Hops 6,030,000 Artificial llowers , 1,000,000 Hemp 5,000,00a Tanning material Seeds of all kinds 5,000,030 S.coo.ooo Total 60,000,000 Timber .. Table fruit 4,000000 3, 00 J, 000 Total 87,000,000 The foregoing table is quoted by a Protectionist, to show that horticultural industries in Germany should be sheltered under protective duties. We have pre- viously alluded to the influential protests .against pro- tection to the Minister for Agriculture. Sir Henry Peek's Garden at Wimble- don House, — A correspondent writes: — In one house here a Roy.al George Peach tree is a picture ; it just fills the roof, and has been a m.ass of flower, but is just going off now, and the fruit is setting well. Last year Mr. Oli.eriiead told me he had pulled twenty-five dozen fruit from it. I noticed a nice bunch or two of Bananas and a large tree of Castle Kennedy Fig taken up from the open wall is showing fruit well. It fruited last year for the first time indoors, and has produced as many as five dozen of ri|)c fruits all fit to gather on one day. Deutzias, Poinsettias, and Euphorbia jacquinia;florawere flower- ing well. Among Orchids in bloom Odontoglossum Alexandra;, O. Roezlii, and O. caudatum, were most noticeable. .Several pKants of O. vexillarium in pans are making vigorous growth suspended close to the light, and Pleiones treated likewise were luxuriant. The best of .all introduced Ci.ologynes, C. cristata, was also in bloom, its snow-white blossoms hanging most graceluUy among the dark green bulbs and leaves. — — Cut Flowers. — Mr, Payne, gr. to John Marshall, Esq., Belmont, Taunton, h.as sent us a photograph of a plant of Angrxcum sesquipedalc, with two spikes of three flowers each, and a cut spike with three flowers, showing the quality of the flowers pro- duced on so sm.all a plant. Mr. Payne also enclosed a few cut samples of leaves and flowers of other plants, which amply illustrate the health and vigour of the plants at this season, after such a dreary winter as we have had, and, as our correspondent observes, " with inside shading." Cassia lignea. — Under the name of Cassia lignea the barks of several species of Cinnamo- mum are known in commerce, and used for similar purposes with cinnamon. These barks are of dilferenl qualities, the best being the produce of certain pro- vinces in Southern China. It is remarkable, con- sidering the large quantities of Cassia lignea and Cassia oil that are annually imported into this country, that so little is known as to their botanical origin. Fluckiger .and Hanbury in their Phar- juacographia say: — "We have no information whether the tree which affords the Cassia bark of Southern China is cultivated, or whether it is exclu- sively found wild," and no information on this point seems to be derived even from residents in the country, such as the British Consuls ; thus, in a recent report on the trade of Pakhoi, Mr. Consul Bullock refers to this product as follows : — "The largest Cassia-producing district in the South of China is situated near Taiwu in the south-e.ast of Kwang-si. Though the export of Cassia lignea is only permitted through Canton, where a small body of merchants have for many years held the monopoly of the trade, 400 or 500 piculs of Cassia oil find their way yearly from Taiwu to Pakhoi, and thence vici Macao, either to the north of China, or to Hong Kong and Europe. The fact that Cassia oil from Taiwu is exported through Pakhoi, leads one to suppose that Cassia from the same district would also be brought here if the Government permitted it to select the most con- venient route. While the west river was closed by the Taiping rebellion the trade in Cassia lignea was actually carried on through Pakhoi by special permis- sion, but on the restoration of peace the prohibition was again imposed." Horticulture in Japan. — In a recent Government report from Hakodate we are told that a " horticultural department " has been established about a year at Sapporo. The flower garden, although only a small p.art of it is as yet under cultivation, is tastefully laid out, the European plants that have been introduced looking uncommonly well. Consul Ensden says : — " It has been constantly remarked by visitors to Veso that the European flowers here are far superior both in colour and fr.agrance to those growing in the South of Japan, and that they grow to a much larger size ; still the long winters make it a hard task to protect them from the severity of the frost. The Japanese are great admirers of our home flowers, and numbers of young plants are sold to them at Sapporo at the cheap rate of 3 cents each. I wish I could say that the vegetables had as ready a sale .as the flowers. When I was there, at the end of Sep- tember, the gardens were full of the finest vegetables I have seen in any part of the globe, but they were left to rot in the ground for want of purchasers, not- withstanding that only a nominal price was put upon them, not even sufficient to cover the expense of raising them, Why they remain unsold I cannot February 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 243 urnlerstand, as the Japanese think a good deal of European vegetables, and there is no dotibt they would be a great addition to their daily bill of fare. I was told that the farmers come to Sapporo from the neighbourhood to buy their seed, which they get for a ridiculously low price, in order to encourage the use of foreign seed ; and I have remarked all along the road at the better class of farmers' houses, and in their gardens, foreign fruit trees and flowers." Attar, it seems, has been obtained from the wild Roses grow- ing on the beach at Ishcari, the fragrance of which is said to be exceedingly powerful. In the same way on the beach at Hakodate grows the Clematis, with a strong perfume ; .and just beyond Hakodate the Lily of the Valley grows abundantly, covering acres of ground. Great praise is given to the superintendent of the "horticultural department," who is said to be an Englishman. • Hardy Spring Flowers. — Hardy plants of all kinds have brightened up wonderfully during the past fortnight, but there is not much in bloom yet. In Mr. Parker's nursery we noted the other day as being in flower ; — Cyclamen Atkinsii, a charming cluster of blossoms ; Galanthus Imperati, Crocus Imperati, and C. Siebcri, the latter most con- spicuous by reason of its lovely purple-shaded mauve blossoms; Helleborus niger, tine clumps of showy white flowers, and H. niger maximus or altifolius, whose large showy pink flowers are very charming ; Saxifraga Burseriana and S. Rockeliana, both gems of the order. Several species of Galanthus and many forms of Helleborus will shortly be in bloom in Mr. Barr's grounds close by. — - Productio.v of Camphor in China. — True camphor — that is, the camphor of ordinary commerce, which is produced from the wood of Cam- phora officinarum, and which is obtained from China and Japan — has been prepared in much larger quan- tities during the past year or two than for many years preceding. With the exception of tea, camphor is stated to be the most valuable article exported from the districts of Tamsui and Kelung, representing in the Customs' returns a value of some ^23,710. The trade returns for 1S77 show that the entire produce of the year was, with the exception of about 28 piculs sent direct to Hong Kong for transmission to other foreign countries, chiefly to Great Britain. A hydraulic press for the purpose of pressing the camphor before shipment has lately been set up by one of the foreign firms trading with the above-named ports. Hitherto, owing to its being comparatively loosely packed, and containing a large percentage of water absorbed during its sublimation from the wood, the loss by evaporation between Tamsui and Hong Kong was very large. The Customs allow for an esti- mated decrease of 5 per cent., in former years as much as 1 1 per cent, was the allowance ; but it is said that the loss in the camphor submitted to the hydraulic press is much less than the Customs' allowance, and that the new system of packing is attended with most beneficial results. At present Chinese shippers have not taken advantage of the press, preferring for some inscrutable reason the old method of packing. They are, however, far too much alive to their own interest to continue to do so, and before long it is expected the bulk of the camphor shipped will be packed by the press. LiHERiAN Coffee. — Dr. Goeze writes: — " The excellent qualities of this new species are now pretty well known, and I should not venture a repe- tition, only I fancy that I may, by the following lines, add one more good character to those already attributed to it. A writer in the Brazilian journal. Rcvisia ile HortkuUura, 1S7S, speaks of the hardi- ness of the Coffea liberica as being superior to that of Coffea arabica. M. JoAo Franco, resident in the province of S. Paulo, had some young plants, only a few inches high, of the former species, planted out in the centre of a large Coffee plantation, established three years ago. During the two nights of July last, 17-18, 18-19, a severe and quite unusual frost (it is to be regretted that the degrees are not noted) visited that district, and destroyed almost the entire planta- tion. The small Liberian plants, on the contrary, had not been injured at all, and continued to show a vigorous growth. Apparently the Brazilian agricul- turists are rather suspicious of new things, and the introduction of the Liberian Coffee had met there with but a very feeble interest. But this single fact of its hardiness, even in quite a young state, in comparison with three-year-old trees of Coffea arabica, needed no further eulogy, and the writer reports that two landowners in the same province are about to plant, one 2000, the other 3000 seed- lings of Liberian Coffee." Rhapius humilis. — This, without doubt, is one of the most graceful -of fan-leaved Palms in cultivation, and in addition is one of the rarest. Two handsome plants are in the Kew collection, and fortunately it is possible of increase by removing the suckers — rather a slow process, no doubt, but one sufficient in nurseries to keep up a stock of K. flabel- liformis. Compared with this species it is infinitely more graceful, and coming from China and Japan it should be suited to the same comparatively low tem- perature. The stem is remarkably slender, and so also are the petioles, the former as it were a reed, and the latter like wires. If its progenitor had any degree of stiffness of contour, it has evolved into a model of gracefulness for garden purposes. The fronds are thin, almost papery, and their narrow segments, curving to the points, have quite the line of beauty. Together they form the neatest possible crown of foliage, and this on a dwarf stem, so as to form an elegant table plant. It is equally beautiful, too, when so tall as to tower clear above the smaller specimens of an ordinary arrangement. — — London Central Fruit, Vegetai!LE, AND Flower Market.— A return has been made pursuant to an order of the Central Markets Sub- Committee, dated January 23, 1S79, of the receipts and expenditure on account of the London Central Fruit, Vegetable, and Flower Market, up to the present time. The following are the receipts : — Loans raised, and premiums thereon, 1S75, ^5,000 ; 1S76, ;^I 10,725 ; 1S7S, ^15,440— total, i:i3i,i65. Transfer from Central Poultry and Provision Market for land and approaches, .^63,000 — making the total receipts, ^f 194, 165. The payments during the four years that the preliminary work has been going on are ; Purchase of premises, and interest on purchase- moneys, less rents for temporary occupation, ;^ 136, 5 23 10J-. U(/. ; law charges, &c., ^2333 i+f. lui. ; stamp duty on conveyances, ^fSoo ; surveyor's charges, ^^857 19/. ; accountant's charges, £26 ^s. ; rates, taxes, &c., ^88 loj. zd. ; lithographing and printing bonds, ^147 2s. 6ii. ; plans, ^64 ; contract for excavating site, and constructing western roadway and ap- proaches, ;£'57,Soo ; constructing vaults, &c., and reforming roadway, ^459 los. ; sundry works, £1 14-f. $ii. ; interest paid on loans, less allowed on balances in chamber, ^10,525 los. <)J. — total expen- diture, ,^'209,627 \Ts. S,/. The amount authorised to be raised is ;,f250,ooo, of which ^131,000 has been raised, leaving a b,alance to be raised of ^Ti 19,000. The balance at present overdrawn is ^15,463 \-]s, 81/. Ci/y Press, Forcing Flowers in Germany. — ^Judging from what we read in the German gardening papers, it would seem that the Berlin florists are not keepin" pace with those of other large cities, especially in the matter of providing the public with choice flowers in winter. The principal question under consideration at a recent meeting of Dig Gcscllschaft dcr Garten- frciiiiilc Berlin's was, "What is to be done in order that Berlin, with her numerous intelligent gardeners, may effect that in Rose forcing which in Paris, London, Hamburg, and even in St. Petersburg and Moscow, excites our envy and admiration?" In the course of the discussion which followed upon this question it was submitted that many of the Berlin florists are not sufficiently enterprising to become specialists, hence the non-development of Rose forcing, &c., with the details of which many travelled Germans must be thoroughly acquainted. Florists were recom- mended to devote themselves to the cultivation of special plants on a large scale, and also to keep pace with the fashion. Certain flowers come into and go out of fashion like the cut of a coat or the style of a hat, but the Rose goes on for ever. Incidentally it was mentioned that a Berlin florist, through disre- garding fashion, had lost a good order for a wedding. He had prepared everything, and procured a quantity of white Lilac (it was in winter), but Orange blossom was ordered, and Orange blossom alone would give satisfaction. The communications re- specting Rose forcing in St. Petersburg and Moscow were specially interesting to the fraternity in Berlin, and some of the particulars are not devoid of general interest. Mrs. Bosanquet, Mathilde, and Cramoisie Superieure are the varieties chiefly grown for forcing, and Marechal Niel is also in favour. One man alone forces from 70,000 to 75,000 plants annually. They are forced in narrow lean-to houses, with steep roofs and of a southern aspect. Although the roof is covered with ice almost continuously, tlie steepness of the roof prevents dripping. On account of the extreme cold the plants are not placed very near the glass, nevertheless they flower well. The principal thing the growers aim at is thorough ripening of the wood in summer. The result of the discussion was that the Society determined to ofier a prize o{ £j los. for the best essay on Rose forcing, and call upon some of the most prominent gardeners of London, Paris, St. Petersburg, &c. , to compete for it ; it was also resolved to offer special prizes for the Ijest and earliest Roses next winter. This is better than seeking protection. The British Museum. — It is stated that the botanical collections will be among the first to be removed to the new building at South Kensington in September next. We are glad also to sec that greater facilities have been lately offered to the public in the matter of ailmission. While Kew is opened to the public every day in the year except Christmas Day, not even excepting Sundays in the case of the gardens, the Museum, which appeals to a much larger and more varied constituency, is still to be closed at intervals, which to outsiders seem unnecessary, but we must be thankful for any improvements in so con- servative an institution. The Museum will now be open free to the public on every week day^Monday till Friday from 10 o'clock, and on Saturday from 12 o'clock till the ordinary hour of closing. Students of natural history will have Tuesday and Thursday reserved for their studies, students of archaeology Wednesday and Friday. Thus the public will not again be refused admission to the British Museum, save on Sunday, Ash Wednesday, Good Friday, Christmas Day, and the first week in February, May, and October respectively, reserved for the cleaning of the departments. Kendal Horticultural Society.— The annual flower show in connection with this Society will be held on July 17 and 18. Southampton Horticultural Society. — The seventeenth annual summer exhibition of this Society is announced to take place on August 2 and 4 ; and the third Chrysanthemum and Fruit Show on November 11 and I2. The Weather. — We learn from the report issued by the Meteorological Oflice for the week ending February 17, that the weather was generally dull and wet, but with a few fine intervals during the early part of the week, especially in the more northern districts. The temperature was a little above the mean in "England, S.W." and "Ireland, S.," and about the mean in England, S., but rather below it in all other districts. The highest readings were at the beginning of the week, when the maximum varied from 40° in Scotland to rather above 50° in England and the south of Ireland. The temperature then fell gradually, so that by the end of the week the maxi- mum varied from about 35' in Scotland and Central England to 45" or rather more in the southern and south-western districts, the minimum at the same time being a little below the freezing point in many parts of the country. The low reading of 25" in the Miil- land Counties occurred at Shrewsbury on the 13th. The rainfall was about the mean in " Scotland, W.," and a little below it in "Ireland, N.," but a few tenths above it in all other districts. At our more northern stations the fall was usually in the form of snow, and sleet was reported from some of the southern stations also on the 17th. An exceedingly heavy snowstorm occurred in " Scotland, E." on Sunday, the i6th ; at Glenalmond the amount of snow when melted was as much as I J inch. The wind at the commencement of the week was generally light or moderate in force — northerly to north-easterly in Scotland, but south-westerly in the more southern districts. On the 13th strong southerly to south- easterly wind set in, blowing a moderate gale at some western and northern stations, and subsequently shifting to E. From the 15th to the 17th two distinct currents prevailed in our neighbourhood, viz., a north- westerly one in the west and south-west, and a south- easterly one in the north and north-east ; both were strong, and the south-easterly one increased to a gale in the north-cast and north on the l6th and 17th, 244 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 22, 1879. ERANTHIS HYEMALIS. Few flowers are there which are greeted with a keener welcome than this — the so-called Winter Aconite (fig. 34). The manner in which the palmately cut leaves thrust themselves up above the soil, their gradual expansion, and then the appearance of the modest flower itself begirt with its leafy collar, are sure to attract attention. Indeed the plant is not only welcome as a harbinger of spring, but its structure is at once pretty and interesting. First of all there is the involucre or collar aforesaid, then the sepals of the caly.v, which in this case are yellow and irregular in number. Within them are placet-l the curious funnel- shaped petals, formerly styled nectaries, and which really do secrete a honied juice. Within these, again, are the very numerous stamens, and in the centre, uplifted on short stalks, the carpels, which are destined ultimately to ripen into seed-pods. Though called popularly Winter Aconite it has closer relations with the Hellebores, the so-called Christmas Roses, which, by the way, have nothing of the Rose about them but the name. The Eianthis, the Hellebore, the Aconite, the Larkspur, _;»e Nigella, and the Paeony, all belong to the Buttercup family (Ranuncidaceoe), a kinship not easy to detect by a beginner, but if he will look to the stamens and pistils he will see that in essential points all these plants agree, while in less essential particulars, calyx and corolla, there is con- siderable diversity, the Buttercup being regular, in this particular the true Aconite (Aconitum) presenting the maximum of irregularity. The Eranthis is a native of the mountainous parts of Europe, and is well suited for growing in shrub- beries and woodland walks, as it prefers shade to exposure. It is propagated by dividing its thick fleshy root-stock. It is sometimes forced, but to our thinking it is out of place as a forced flower. gome Cm'espiikiice. The Future of the Royal Horticultural Society. — In your report of the general meeting, February 11, you make me say we "ought to pay a rental subject to a division of profits." It is my fault no doubt that I have been misunderstood. I intended to say, and I certainly meant, that our pay- ment of rent ought not to be mixed up with any con- tingency. There should be a definite payment, and if our incomings exceed our outgoings, the financial advantage should be wholly ours. Our non-payment of rent is a blotch on our scutcheon, and its blackness is but slightly diminished by the consideration that we were liable to pay only in the event of having a cash surplus. I do not forget how Major-General Scott, at an annual general meeting, hurled at the Fellows the reproachful words, " Vou don't pay your rent ; and so long as you don't pay your rent you can- not expect from Her Majesty s Commissioners rny consideration." The .Society will not grow stout 01 such food as the "consideration" of the Commis- sioners, but it may acquire a measure of health by ensuring a definite arrangement as to rent, provided, of course, that, having taken that step, it can take the next and fulfil its obligations. Shiiicy IlibbciiL Quick Hedges. — I have had to do with some Quick heilges, and have seen many others that were considered well managed. It may help " En- gineer " and others if I state how they were cared for. The best way of managing these fences is that carried out in some parts of Hertfordshire, where, after being planted, little is done to them beyond keeping them clean for the first few years till the plants have grown up some 6 or 8 feet, by which time the stems have attained sufficient strength and size to be used as stakes. Those intended for this purpose are selected at regular intervals apart, and trimmed closely up to the height required and then topped, after which the hedger commences at one end, and bends down the first piece he comes to, which he works in on alternate sides of the stakes in the same manner a dead hedge is made. By continuing on in this way a living wall, as it were, is built up, and one which time only makes stronger, as each season's growth adds to the size and fixity of the wood, and renders the whole more rigid and stable. I have seen fences formed after this plan that were so impenetrable as scarcely to admit of a r.abbit getting through, but it matters not however good a hedge m.ay be at starting if it is not properly looked to after, for should clipping or trimming at the right season be neglected it soon runs bare below — the tendency of all plants being to get away from restraint and make the strongest and best of their growth from the extreme terminal buds. Quickset is no exception to this rule, and that is why we see such wretched apologies for fences around the fields and along roadsides, the plants standing in which arc allowed to rush up of their own will, and form such heads as to stifle all the buds beneath that under proper treatment would be forced to break and furnish the base with shoots. The same thing occurs when a hedge is allowed to become foul with nettles and coarse weetls, or gets top-heavy through unskilled trimming, as then the bottom portion must of necessity become bare and naked, to keep which part well-furnished the only way is to have the fence wedge-shaped, and the sharper the apex the more dense and serviceable will the whole be. This of course applies more particularly to such as are planted and treated in the ordinary manner, that is, not laid in as touched on above, although in that case the top should always be kept as narrow as possible so as to expose the whole surface to the same share of light. The system of allowing Quick to run up, and cutting it down periodically, is an irrational one, as it serves no useful purpose, and the only explanation I ever heard of such a proceeding is, that the top aftbrded stuff to mend gaps with ; but then with different treatment and a live jilant stuck in in case of failure, there would be no gaps to mend. Putting in dead stuff is like using an old patch to repair a rent in a new garment, or worse, as the part in the hedge so filled up soon becomes larger and is a constant source of trouble and annoyance by opening a way of escape for cattle, and affording an easy road for intruders. In the formation of fences I never could understand why in light lands, where no ditches are required for the purpose of draining, huge banks should be thrown up preparatory to planting, and the Quick put in near the top of a sharp slope facing the sun perhaps, where, let it rain ever so hard, it is next to impossible that any of it can ever reach the roots. The evil, however, does not end here, as the bank fosters weeds and rubbish, and is just the home rats and vermin require, as the soil being always dry and warm, they breed at a great rate, and sally forth on the crops. Next follow ferreters, who have to be em- ployed for their destruction, and these men dig and delve, tearing up all that comes in their way, when after a time what should have been a good serviceable hedge is no longer of use for the purpose required. Planted on the same level as the field, or nearly so, Quick grows at a great rate, and will make a strong durable fence in less than a quarter the time, besides which there is not nearly so much ground taken up and spoiled as when a ditch is dug out in addition. Any one having neglected hedges will find this a good time to take them in hand, and by trimming and laying them in after the way remarked on in the early part of this note, they will soon reap the advantage of the time .and labour expended. In case of any of the stems being too large and stiff for bending, they maybe cut part of the way through and then brought down, as the portion of bark on the under side will keep them alive and allow sufficient sap to pass to cause plenty of growth. Railway banks having a tendency to slip show that they contain a good deal of water at that particular part, and if so, Poplars or Willows planted and their tops kept cut would be a great help in holding the soil together, as would also any kind of shrub that makes a large quantity of roots. Seeing the vast surface of bare land by the sides of our railways, it is a great pity it is not utilised and turned to profitable account I'or growing fruit trees, such as Pears ami Apples, the produce from which would after a time bring in a large revenue and help up the dividends of expectant shareholders. Even if this desired result did not take place, those who reside in our cities and towns and who seldom taste such things would be benefited, as the ])rice at which they might then be purchased would place them within their reach, y. S. Wintering Ferns. — The following may be of interest to some of your readers as showing with how small an amount of heat a large number of species of exotic Ferns can be kept alive if the fernery be properly constructed. Last summer I built a fernery 18 feet by 12 feet on to the end of an old-fashioned vinery heated by one course of 4-inch pipes only. As the floor] of the vinery is about 3 feet higher than that of the fernery, as also is the boiler supplying the pipes, I could not take pipes into the fernery, and consequently resoh'cd to try whether sufficient heat could be obtained by cutting a hole 2 feet square through the wall level with the pipes in the vinery. This plan has proved perfectly successful, antl though the thermometer outside h.as been as low as 9°. 4 (in a Stevenson screen and carefully corrected), yet in the house it has never been lower than 31°. 5, and of 145 species of exotic Ferns, many of them reputed stove species, I have only lost twelve, .and even of these some may have only lost their foliage and be alive at the root. This result, which far exceeds anything that I expected, I attribute to the construction of the house. In the first place the span-roof only is glass, and that is double, with, of course, a space between. The walls are 14 inches thick, with rough " liurrs " built in to form jiockets from 4 feet above the ground upwards. Below this is rough rockwork made of large pieces of the common red sandstone of this place, below which again is good soil mixed with small pieces of broken sandstone, and at the bottom of all broken bricks, &c., to secure good drainage. There is a pool of water at one end, which, however, was let off when the frost set in severely, and theie is a pipe running round the walls pierced with hoks for watering when required, and an arrangement for a spray-jet over the pool. Of course these are not used in cold weather. Ventilation is provided for by three oblong openings under the wall-plate closed by double shutters, those inside hinged at the botton", and those outside sliding in grooves. I think it is clear from the above that anybody may have a first« rate fernery opening out of a living room without any means of heating except leaving the door open at night into the room and keeping up the fire in the room provided the house is constructed as above. [How about damp?] The pipes for watering and spray-jet are not only not necessary but may easily do more harm than good. I forgot to say that the roof was covered with shading of thin canvas, and partially also with mats during the severest weathtr when there was no snow on the roof. I could send a list of the Ferns if required, and should add that as the house was only planted in the first week in Sep- tember the plants had barely time to get established, Alfred 0. Walker, Chester. Hardiness of Gardenia Fortune!. — In a winter such as this, when the frost for duration and severity is so excessive, every one who has an interest in gar- dens and pleasure grounds is noting with careful anxiety what will be its effect on trees and shrubs of recent introduction, as well as on those which are already known to be of a somewhat tender constitu- tion. I have no doubt it may surprise some, as I know it did me, to find that this plant, usually grown in a warm temperature, will remain alive and healthy through a greater degree of cold and ill usage than many of our common shrubs. Some time about the end of November, when re-arranging our stove, aplar.t of Gardenia Fortunei, about 3 feet high and growing in a lo-inch pot, had become very badly infested with brown-scale. We decided to get rid of it, so taking a few cuttings we pitched the unclean thing on to the rubbish-heap, never expecting to take any further notice of it. About six weeks afterwards, when th ground was bound hard with frost and the foliage of plants was drooping all around, one of the men observing what appeared to him a branch of Portugal Laurel, had the curiosity to go down the bank and look at it, and subsequently came to me with the announcement that the plant of Gardenia which we had thrown away was the freshest evergreen about the place even though the ball was lying exposed or only covered with a few inches of snow and frozen as hard as a stone. I went to examine it, found his state- ment correct, and determined that since it had done so well, I would test its endurance still further by letting it remain while the storm lasted. I only brought it up a few days ago quite green, I had almost said growing, and intend as soon as the frost is suffi- ciently out of the ground to plant it in a prominent part of the garden, where I hope it will attain to a handsome bush and be a greater credit to us both for flowering and cleanliness than it ever appeared when more gently nurtured. Alex. Seott, Aiiilicniltitiiaii, Duinbartoiuhire. Who was the Raiser ? — The discussion as to the paternity of the Schoolmaster Potato resembles very much the old question "Whether is it the hen who lays the egg, or the hen who hatches it which is the mother of the chicken ? " It is recorded that this subject had been hotly debated one evening in a nigger debating club, with the result that the votes were equal on both sides. The President decided by his casting vote that "the hen who hatched the chicken was the mother thereof." A nigger who had been listening to the debate put the question " Suppose they wos ducks eggs ? " This upset the President's theory, and put matters in a new light, forever settling the momentous question of chicken maternity. It is said that the President, in order to get out of the fix of having voted the wrong way, ruled " Hens eggs am de question, not ducks eggs." Piet. Vines Bleeding. — On taking charge of these gar- dens on March 4 last I found a late vinery with strong canes of the following kinds : — Lady Downe's, Gros Colmar, Black Alicante, Black Hamburgh and Pearson's CJolden (^ueen, of which the three first- named were bleeding, and three days later every \'ine began to bleed rapidly. Not knowing a better remedy than starting the \'ines into active growth I did so, and the bleeding ceased in a fortnight. They broke very weak, but with plenty of feeding soon began to gain strength, and bore a hardy and well-finished crop, some bunches weighing from 7 lb. to S lb. per bunch, at the same time making strong and vigorous growth which ripened well ; but thinking I may still have done better had not the bleeding taken place, to slop that evil this season I pruned early and dressed wounds with "knotting," which I have proved to be ti'EBRUARY 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 245 as effectual as any styptic. I do not as yet see any si^ns of bleeding, nor do I want to. G. Wtlhains, PcasiiiarsJi Place, Pcasiiiarsh, Sussex. Autumn Planting Evergreens. — .\fter the winter we have just passed through it would be in- teresting to hear what the advocates of autumn trans- planting of evergreens have to say now in its favour, and how any shrubs operated on at the end of summer now look and are likely to do. The experience of most of us so far is that established plants have had a hard time of it, and judging from this, those dis- turbed and which had to face the cold weather with the loss of a portion of their roots, must have fared worse, and if alive, are struggling on for existence. It is, however, yet early to count up the loss of killed and wounded, as many, no doubt, that are hard hit will hold on a little longer, although they will have sure of a gathering in one or other of the houses, and from one or other of the sorts. We only grow Pre- sident and Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury, as we find these two to be everything we wish. It used to be a general practice to place saucers under the pots, not exactly to keep them tilled with water for the plant's Ijcnelil, but to save water, for formerly gardens were not so well supplied with water as they are now. I have no doubt in some positions saucers are still in use and useful in keeping, if for nothing else, the drip from the plants beneath, liut where the shelves are conveniently situated I prefer no saucer, but simply the pot tilled with water once or twice a day, as re- quired. The dirty practice which some writers advise for Strawberry fruiting on shelves, such as employing saucers with holes in them, and filling these saucers with soil and manure, is enough to disgust emijloyers who see the filth this practice must cause, and' not only this, Fig. 34.— eranthis iivemalis, or winter aconite. to succumb in the end. Even Rhododendrons, enduring as they are in places where exposed, looked scorched in the leaf, and have many buds browned, so that the bloom, which at one time promised to be so abundant, will, I fear, be scant, as in putting some in to force I find they drop off after being in heat a short time. J. S. Strawberry Forcing.— The .Strawberry forcing season is now come to hand, and a few words with regard to its present necessities may be timely to some and not unacceptable to others. Strawberry forcing in most cases is a kind of catch crop, that is to say, all sorts of houses are used for the purpose, and no special house is devoted to it entirely. 'The pots are generally placed on shelves at the back and front of houses. Pine-stoves, vineries. Peach-houses, plant- houses, &c., and I may say here, after having to do with most ways, I prefer this mixed and varied way of distributing Strawberry plants, for we are always but extra labour is devolved on the men, that is to say if cleanliness is looked to as part of the enjoyment of a garden. Turning the pots up and making the holes bigger with a hammer, is, to say the least, a piece of vandalism, damaging as it does the pots, and un- fitting them entirely for other purposes, even if they withstand the shock of the hammer. If .Strawberries are properly grown the previous year, they require no other root-room but what is still in the pot ; if fed judiciously with weak manure-water, but very weak, this is ample for their wants. If I were to begin .Strawberry culture to-morrow, I would not purchase a saucer for them more than what was really wanted — that is, in plant houses, where the shelf is over choice plants, and then, what water is collected in the saucer should the next day in watering be emptied out or put on the next plant that is dry. The cost of pots in a garden is a heavy item, even with the greatest care — and too'much care, it is need- less to say, cannot be taken not only to keep them from frost, but from the wilful inclination of some to damage them unnecessarily in the vain and imagmary idea of improving the fruit by such means. Chevalier. Peach Trees Injured by Wire. — There is here a cold lean-to I'each-case in which the trees are trained to a horizontal wire trellis on the back wall, and up 3 feet of the front at 9 inches from the glass I seldom find the wood injured on the wall, but every bit of young growth that touches the wires in front is affected in the same way as enclosed specimens. The reason I assign for it is that the wire being nearer the glass and more exposed to the sun becomes sufficiently hot to injure the wood when young and tender. Have any of your correspondents noticed a similar circum- stance ? G. Fenitcll, Fairlawn, Tollbridge. Mottos in Gardens. — All visitors to the late Mr. Smee's garden at Ilackbridge will remember the pleasure with which Mr. .Sniee used to point to a certain stone on the croquet lawn, inscribed, "in LUCEM, LUCRUM, LUDUM." Mr. Smee used to say that he had seen many similar stones, but with different mottos, elsewhere ; but I do not remember having seen many such. The following curious in- scription is copied from a stone which once was placed in the gardens at Llanidan, Anglesey : — 1.0CATVS i.\ DAMNATVS EX HVMATVS IN RENATVS IN W. G. S. Peach Blossoms Destroyed by Ants I have often been troubled by these pests on Peach trees ; but for several years back have had no trouble in getting rid of them. I take S-inch pots and place some moss in them with a small quantity of honey or jam mi.xed with the moss, then place the pots neat the bottoms of the trees, and in a very short time the moss will be covered with ants ; take the pots away and empty them into the fire, or into boiling water. Keep on in this way for several days, and the ants will soon be very few. J. Webster, Gr., Lilies, Aylesbury. An Orchid-house. — During the dull days of our dreariest winter my Orchid-house has been aglow with the following varieties of form, colour, and fragrance : — Aerides cylindricum (very beautiful) Vanda Cathcirti (very curious) ,, tricolor Dodgsoni ;, ,, plaoiLibris Ptial^enopsis Sctiilleriana ,, aniabilis „ grandiHora Aiigraecum se&quipedale ,, auperbum ,, eburneum ., virens Dirndrobium speciosum Hillii „ Wardiaiium , , cr.issinode ,, terelifolium ,, heterocarpum Catlleya marginata ,, Tnariae flammea ,. bulbosa Lselil autumnalis ,, anceps ,, furfuracea ,, Dayana ,, superbiens ,, altiida Odontoglossum crispuiu ,, liluntii ,, Pescatorei ,, nebulosuin candiduluin ,, cirrhosum ,, roseiim ,. Rossii majus ,, grande ,, leopardinuni ,, triumpllans ,, madrense ,, bictoniense Calanthe Veitchii Cypripedium niveum ,, Boxalli ,, venustum ,, villosuni ,, Lowii „ barbatum nigrum ,, insigne Maulei Cypripedium Harrisianum ., Koezlii Epidendrum cocbleatum ,, odoratisbimum Ornithidium Sophronitis Sophroniiis grandiflora ,, violacea ., coccinea Oncidium ornithorrhynchum „ Insteayt leopardinum „ cucullatum ,, Uarkeri ., Phalxnopsis ,, nubigenum „ Rogersii (true) ,, varicosum ,, fuscatum ,, cheirophoruiTi ,, Cavendishianum „ murinum (curious, not pretty) ,, fiexuosum Masdevallia polyslicta ,, melanopoda ,, amabilis ,, ignea ,, Har.-yana ,, chimsera „ Lindeni Saccolabium Harrisonianum Helcia sanguinolenta Neottia picta Brasavola glauca liletia hyacintha Zygopetatum species ,, Mackayi Restrepia species Coslogyne media ,, ctistata ,, elegans Mesospinidium sangulneum ,. vulcanicum Lycaste Skinneri Maxiliaria grandiflora (true) „ sanguineum (bought as grandiflora) Edward W. Cox, Moat Mount, Mill Hill, Feb. 17. Classification of Gardeners for Exhibition Purposes. — I have read your article on this subject, and am glad you invite discussion, as I am con- vinced by experience that the grievance is real and not a fancied one, more especially in the case of defining an amateur. In the case of gardeners I have seen various methods of exhibiting, but hitherto have found none to work better in practice than providing large and small classes for the same subject, which gives both large and small growers an opportunity of competing ; but, as you point out, this is open to objec- tions. As a case in point I have heard it observed that A., with a large place and commanding plenty of labour, ought not to compete in the smaller class with B., who has a small place, and may be single-handed, 246 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 22, 1879 when in reality U. has more opportunities in the small place of competing successfully in certain classes than A. has in a much larger place, as in the large place it generally happens that a gardener has to ])rovi(Ie a large househokl with a constant supply of fruit, flowers, and vegetables, with a limited quantity of glass ; while in the smaller place it happens as often that the employer (as well as the gardener) is an enthusiast, and spares no reasonable expense in pro- ducing good plants and flowers, leaving the supply of other produce to the local greengrocer. These remarks apply chiefly to suburban societies, and as I have been a committee man of two suburban societies for some few years, I am speaking from actual experience and not from fancy. Although great difficulties present themselves in attempting to classify gardeners, the difficulty in defining an amateur is, I think, still greater. Speaking of the amateur you say (p. 178), one "who actively superintends, and in a great measure grows his own plants." Here is the difficulty. To what extent does he superintend or grow them? An .amateur, who is an enthusiast, and allows no other person to touch his plants, may produce some mode- rate specimens, while another may have a love for flowers, but leaves the management of them almost entirely to a gardener, who attends three, four, or five days per week, or, what frequently happens in suburban places, a man attends certain hours in each day, to water, ventilate, and otherwise attend to the plants. If both these come under the designation of amateur, surely they do not com- pete on equal terms. But if in making a schedule an amateur was defined as a person not employing a gardener the question would arise. What is a gardener ? which would prove more difficult to decide than the other, and, as a matter of course, it would prevent the greater part of them from competing at .all. As you well know, there is a large class of per- sons in the suburbs of the metropolis who have an in- creasing love for flowers, but it would be absurd to expect them to dig their own garden, or generally to sweep and keep it clean. A case has very recently comes under my own observation which proves the difficulty of defining an amateur. A., an amateur enthusiast competed for a silver cup ; B., an amateur, also competed, and carried off the cup. In this case the schedule defined an amateur as a person not employing a regular gardener. A. employed a labourer, as he terms it, on an average of one day per week, but not to grow his plants, while B., the winner, employed a gardener several days per week who really grew the plants, and .as a matter of course the case caused a little dissatisfaction. But wha-t is to be done ? Recently, in framing a schedule, it was adopted by a majority that the definition of an amateur should be a person not employing a gardener more than one day in each week, but I am afraid that this will not work well in pr.actice. Meanwhile, I hope to get some light thrown on the suljject through your pages. K. Walson, G': to T. H. Bryant, Esq. Hardy Plants for the House. — Three very useful plants for a severe season like the present are Reineckia carnea and Ophiopogon fol. aureis, both liliaceous plants, and Carex japonica var., all with grassy leaves, nearly hardy, and the last as easily in- creased as D.actylis glomerata. For fringing at interv.als a group of large plants, or dotting through a basket of round or fl.at-growing Primulas and Pelar- goniums, they are very useful, giving with their linear, ensiform leaves the point that is wanted, and the variegated forms are most attractive. It is a great risk to bring stove or even greenhouse plants into rooms and entrance-halls in such weather as we have experienced the last two months, and it is much safer to use plants like those three I name than risk a narrow-leaved Drac-ena, Cordyline, or Beaucarnea recurvifolia ; but, alas ! Carex is a .Sedge, of small money value, and a plant everybody might have, therefore it is not acceptable to that class of plant purchasers (neither lovers nor growers of such) who judge of a plant by its price, novelty, or fashion. Mr. Mackenzie, the manager of Methven's florist and decorative plant nursery, told me he had had to give up the growing of this Carex ; his customers had found out it was merely a sedge, not fit therefore for their drawing-rooms ; nevertheless, Carex japonica var. should be a Covent Garden plant. I have seen it do well in London rooms. Well-grown single plants are graceful and arching, most enduring, and never unsightly. I observed a good stock at Rollis- son's nursery at Tooting a few weeks ago. Sedges are not grown for their flowers, but the bloom-spike of C. japonica is interesting and useful. For orna- mental purposes it and Luzula (Wood Rush) arc per- liaps the two earliest flowering grasses (using that word in a vague manner). Ophiopogon has a pretty lilac flower-spike. One has to be patient in increasing it, for the fleshy roots are slow of growth, and caution is required in cutting up a plant. Reineckia carnea I have never seen in flower, but it is easily propagated, and the flowers arc fragrant I believe. If not much mistaken I have seen this plant in Italy used as a Box edging, and as grass under trees, notably at Venice, where anything green or grass-like is a treat to the eyes ; the so-called garden of one of the palaces was carpeted with Reineckia (the green form), but I must own I was not in the garden, but merely looked down from the windows upon green vegetation. Anyway it is a most persistent plant, bearing the extremes of heat, dryness, and cold, this last Ijeing the point at present I want to bring forward. I'hor- mium tcnax for a large grower of the same sort of character has been invaluable this winter, and Helle- borus fietidissimus makes a perfectly hardy substitute for a little Palm, or Aralia. Where old clumps are left undisturbed there are sure to be nice seedlings to select from, particularly if singled out and given room to form tidy shapely plants, before lifting and potting. I observe there is no use in giving the specific name, so I just call it a sort of Christmas Rose when obliged to confess it is neither a dark green miniature Aralia nor a Palm. When winter bedding was our hobby we found the seedlings very ornamental, either as an edging or as dotted plants. I must not forget the variegated Iris fcetidissima, also useful in saving soft- leaved plants that in ordinary winters we would surely bring into the house. Here again the beautiful bunches of orange seeds are more acceptable, when called the fruit of "the wild Iris, than the fetid. All the Roses of Shakespeare's time were sweet, and his hackneyed line was true then ; but I am sure we per- sist in trying to find fragrance in hundreds of our coarse (excuse the word) double hybrids where no sweetness exists : but are not they Roses ? And must not Helleborus and Iris fretidissima be banished on account of that name, which has no meaning in winter at least, when both plants are innocuous, and so useful and ornamental ? F. G. Hope, IFari/n- Lodge, Feb. 1879. The Winter Aconite.— This old friend appeared in my garden on the gth ol this month, but in 1878 on January 15 ; this .of course is due to the winter being rather severe. I have the Primrose peeping out, thus showing some of our old friends do not forget to visit us. Mr. Snowdrop appeared January 23, 1878, and he will have a good welcome this season. J. M., Bagshot. Lily of the Valley. — I have sent you some samples of Lily of the Valley (imported crowns) which have been plunged in bottom-heat for ten weeks. Thinking the crowns were extra fine, I purchased a large quantity from one of the chief seed-houses in Dublin, and potted ten or twelve crowns into 6-inch pots. I have for the last ten weeks tried to force them in various ways, some in bottom-heat of 75° or 80", some standing immediately on the pipes. Here and there an isolated crown has started and invariably been blind. Have any of your correspondents expe- rience with " single imported crowns " ? or could you elucidate the mystery? E. K. [The late Mr. John Standish had a similar experience a few years ago, and satisfied himself that the cause was not owing to any defect in the crowns, but to the want of a suffi- cient supply of moisture in the atmosphere as well as at the roots. In this case we can scarcely think the roots are at fault, for they appear to be unusually good, and we should rather incline to think that our correspondent's treatment in the matter of moisture has not been liberal enough, and consequently the plants have become stubborn. Eds.] The Effects of the Frost. — I herewith hand you a few particulars of the results of the late winter here. Our lowest temper.ature w.as 25° of frost. On several occasions we had 18°, and for seven weeks we hardly ever saw the sun. All the Broccoli and winter greens are destroyed. The Rhododendrons are not hurt, they are full of plump and perfect bud. Sciado- pitys verticillata also seems very slightly injured. Picea concolor and Picea concolor violacea, perfectly hardy. Tea Roses on south wall damaged severely. Magnolia grandiflora and conspicua slightly damaged on same wall and situation, while M. Campbelli proves itself thoroughly hardy on an east aspect. On this wall we planted some Camellias as an experi- ment ; they had slight protection, and seem to have suffered no harm, the leaves and flower-buds being perfectly sound. Berberis stenophylla, Darwinii, &c., showing millions of bloom-buds, perfectly hardy. Ilex crenata latifolia, and dipyrean, Ligustrum coriaceum, Laurustinus, Aucuba, Wellingtonia, and Arbutus, are quite free from bad cficcts. Eucalyptus, killed. Slightly damaged : Othera japonica, Skimmia japonica, Raphiolepis ovata, M.ahonia Fortune!, Garryaclliptica, Olearia Haastii, CoUetia cruciata. Viburnum plica- tum. William Payne, Gr. to John Marshall, Esq., Belmont, Taunton. Though it is too early to speak with any assurance, I am happy to inform you that at present there are no symptoms of any injury caused by the lengthened frost and very low temperature, which w.as here as low as 3°. 2 of frost. One correspondent from the South of Ireland has spoken of Pinu^ canariensis as being injured ; here, under more un- favourable circumstances, it has apparently escaped. The Arthrotaxus selaginoides has had some side points injured, but the leader of the plant seems quite unhurt. The Deodara apicibus albis I have lost, but it has never been in a healthy condition. The Picea religiosa and Pinus Devoniensis, both of which have the reputation of being tender, have at present stood well. I hope that I may be able to report about the end of March that the winter of 187S-79 has had as little eflect upon us as the winter of 1S66-67 and 1870-71. On the latter occasion the thermometer was 4° lower than the lengthened cold we have just experienced. W. Parker Hamond, Pam- p IS ford Hall, Cambridge. The Schoolmaster Potato. — The following testimonial from Mr. Douglas appears at p. 164 : — " I had two tubers from a friend about two years ago, and from those two tubers I have this day dug 60 bushels." I presume there must be a printer's error in the above statement ; if not, will Mr. Douglas kindly det.ail his mode of culture, for the benefit of your readers — how to procure such enormous returns ? 0. Thomas, Drayton Manor. [In discussing the merits and demerits of certain Potatos in this journal about the end of Last year a letter was received by me from one who took a prominent part in that discus- sion, to the effect "that I held a brief from Mr. Chas. Turner, of Slough, to rub Schoolmaster up and Inter- national down." This aroused my indignation for the moment, and I wrote at once to Mr. Turner stating the facts, and also saying th.at I had not given the result of my trial of Schoolmaster Potato in the Gar- deners' Chronicle lest it would look like boasting. The result I-gave to him privately, without any thought of his using it again. Mr. Turner asked permission to use my letter, which I at once gave him liberty to do, in the full belief that I had explained that the two tubers were planted, the produce of these two saved and then planted ; that produce being cut by our women and planted in the fields in the usual way, giving a produce of 60 bushels. I trust no one thinks that I intended to deceive the public, indeed I could not have done so, as the result of our trial was as well known to my employer and others as it v/as to me. I must also state that I quoted from memory, except the amount of the produce, which was weighed in the presence of myself and others. I may also say that the produce from Schoolmaster, after being carefully weighed, and the ground measured as carefully, gave over 1 1 tons of Potatos per acre. It is perhaps as well to say that I did not have any tubers of Schoolmaster sent for trial from Mr. Turner, and that he did not ask me for the testimonial. J. Douglas.'] Coelogyne cristata. — I have a plant of this beau- tiful and useful Orchid, Ctologyne cristata, growing in a small pan 12 inches in diameter, with twenty-one spikes of flowers, and six flowers on each spike. I consider Ccelogyne cristata and Dendrobium nobile two of the most useful Orchids we have, either for cutting or decoration. JK Driver, Standish House, StonehoHse, Gloucester, Fell. 18. How to Heat a Small Conservatory.— I have a window conservatory about 8 feet high, 4 feet deep, and 6 feet wide, from which I have been successful in keeping out the frost this winter, and without any apparent injury to the plants, by means of a small gas-stove placed in the centre, a vessel of water being kept constantly supplied on the top of the terra-cotta dome of the stove. I fancy that the moist atmosphere thus generated has counteracted the otherwise inju- rious efTects of the gas. Perhaps this fact may be of interest to some of your readers. K. //. N. B. Pot Vines for Late Work.— Having erected a range of glass last spring I was anxious to have some Grapes, and purchased a considerable number of pot Vines, principally late sorts— Lady Downe's, Alicante, &c., with a few Black Hamburgh, all of which have done remarkably well. Many of the canes bore frera eight to twelve bunches of average size and good finish. On New Year's Day four bunches were cut, including two Black Hamburgh, all plump and firm ; and yesterday we cut the last two bunches of Black Alicante equally fine. Is it usual for pot Vines to do so ? [They have done no more than might have been expected of them.] When the Vines were received the bottoms of the pots were knocked out and the pots plunged between each of the permanent Vines, and the rods trained up the rafters. Xoss Hall, near Clasgoia, Feb. 11. Winter Dressing Peaches and Vines. — " J. S." tells us at p. 119 that he 'does not consider a dressing impedes the progress of Vine or Pe.ach buds. At p. 211 he tells us he dresses the m.am stems and trunks only, thus leaving the parts bearing the fiuit-buds untouched. Well, that explains a great deal. During the present winter I have had to.deal with February 22, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 247 I'cacli trees inlestcil with scale on the young wood, lliLit is, the fiuit-bcaring parts. "J. S." leaves us in the dark as to what sliould be done in such a case. As regards his statement whether dressing retards the progress of buds or not is not of much moment, to me it appears — as I have had a little experience in the matter — a novel statement. I will only add, if I have again to deal with Peach trees infested with scale, or even Vines with thrips, I sliall try "fiddling" with soap and water in preference to "liddling" with clay. W. II. Orchids in Flovirer at the Hall, Stamford Hill. — In the East Indian house here panicle after panicle of the beautiful mauve-coloured ThaLvnopsis Schil- leriana may be seen in company with the chaste P. gr.andillora. These plants were all growing in teak baskets, with very little compost around them, and as they require more root-room they are simply dropped, baskets and all, into other teak baskets just large enough to receive them. The two baskets are then made fast to each other by means of a bit of copper, wire. The roots take readily to the new teak, and, says Mr. May, the plant receives no check by the operation. In the Dendrobium-house is a fine plant of D. Ainsworthii in flower, and in the next, a cooler house, Laslia anceps Barkeri. G, W, The Late Mr. Galloway.^Vou noticed, a few weeks ago, the melancholly death, through mental derangement, induced in part by the failure of the Glasgow Bank, of Mr. George Galloway, of the firm of Galloway & Graham, of Glasgow. I grieve to say that he has left a wife and five children, the eldest under thirteen, entirely unprovided for. A fund has been started, of which the Provost of Helensburgh is treasurer, for their relief. As one who knew and respected him in his better days, I have undertaken to do what I can for his family ; and should any of the readers of the GarJciun' Chronicle be willing and able to assist, I should be thankful to receive subscriptions at the Horticultural Club, 37, Arundel Street ; or they may be left with the hall porter. The following sums have been promised : — J. M'Intosh, Esq., £^ 5.?. ; Mr. George Paul, £,z zs. ; Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain, £\ \s. II. Ilony-tnool D'Oiii- liraiii, IVcstwcll, As/iford, Kent. Early Camellias. — Advantage should be taken of any plants being thin of bloom-buds to get them into moist heat, where they can be frequently syringed to encourage growth to commence at once, as, although they will bear and enjoy a high temperature in spring, forcing, or any attempt at it, in the autumn is sure to result in failure. Camellias appear as if they would have their own time, in which respect for plants they arc very peculiar, and show their resentment in a most unmistakable manner at any abridgment by refusingto carry their load. y.Shcppard, Woolvcrstonc. The Rainfall at Cobham. — I send you an account of the rainfall for each month of last year. The rain-guage is one of the Glaisher form, and is read each morning at 9 o'clock. It would, I think be not uninteresting if same of your correspondents would give us some statistics of the practical side of rainfall observations — I mean the provision made for the storage of water. Water supply is a question of increasing importance, and one which affects all in- terests :—Janviary, 1. 01 inch; February, 1.34; March, 0.84; April, 2.73 ; May, 4.01 ; June, 1.90 ; July, 0.71 ; August, 3.SS; .September, 1.32; Oc- tober, 2.26 ; November, 3.48 ; December, 1.57 : total, 25.05 inches. J. Bailey Denton, in The Storage of Water (1874), says :—" Every inch of rain falling on an acre of space supplies 22,622 gallons of water." H. Noel Waldegrave, Bookhant Lodge, Col gS'^SS S- ll^w s'g is ^ « S3 ss. per peck of 14 lb,, or 21^. per bushel of 56 lb. WEBB AND SONS, being probably the largest growers of Seed Potatos in the kingdom, can offer the above and other excellent varieties in large quantities on advantageous terms. Potatos of 20^. value carriage free ; 5 per cent, discount for cash. WEBB AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Wordsley, Stourbridge. DARLEY DALE NURSERIES. — One Hundred and Sixty Acres of Ground covered with TREES and SHRUBS. Many thousands are grown for Ornamental Planting. Amongst them we have large quantities of Picea nobills, P. Nordmanniana, P. balsamea ; Pinus Cembra, P. Strobus, P. Laricio ; Cryptomeria elegans, japonica. and Lobbii ; Yews, Common and Irish, Golden in several varieties ; Retinosporas, many kinds ; Cupressus Lawsoniana and many beautiful varieties, including lutea and Smith's argentea ; Libocedrus decurrens ; fine Wellingtonias ; Cedrus Deodara, &c Also many fine specimens not mentioned in the CATALOGUE Also large quantities of Flowering Shrubs, Ribes, Lilacs. Weigelias, &c. Prices and sizes in CATALOGUE sent free on application to JAMES SMITH, Darley Dale Nui series, Matlock. NEW SEEDLING POTATO FOR SPRING, 1879. .^-r-iflfim THE FINEST MAIN CROP POTATO EVER RAISED. ^-,.W^,; mmm^^' JOHNSTON'S DOWNSHIRE. This variety is of Irish origin, raised by Wm. Johnston, Esq., M.P., Ballykilbeg, and selected by him from a large number of Seedlings, after repeated trials, for its extra fine Culinary, Disease-resisting, and Late-keeping qualities, being beautifully white, dry, and mealy when cooked, and of the most delicious flavour — keeping good for cooking from early Autumn till following June. As a food producer this Potato must be placed in the foremost rank. Grown for trial by us last season, under ordinary cultivation, with some 500 other kinds, it produced at the rate of upwards of 400 bushels per acre of sound, marketable tuljcrs, of an Improved Victoria type — eyes rather fleet, skin roughly netted and of a light red colour. Stock very limited. Can be obtained only direct froui. ns. Price 2s. per lb., 7 lb. 13s. No Customer will be supplied with more than 7 lb. DANIELS BROS., SEEDSMEN TO THE PRINCE OF WALES, NORWICH. NOW READY, GRATIS AND POST-FREE, Dick Radclyffe c^- Co.'s Jh^Ri z E Medial S E E D s , ILLUSTRATED g^M ^^r't CATALOGUE \sfB&)^ti-Pi>^^^^ , ATALO'GUe. VEGETABLE, FLOWER, AND AGRICULTURAL SEEDS, CONTAINING ALL THE NOVELTIES OF THE SEASON. D. R. & CO.'S COLLECTIONS OF VEGETABLE SEEDS. Judiciously selected, and only approved kinds included. For detailed list of contents see Catalogue. , No. I contains a Season's supply in sufficient quantities for a very large Garden 63 o No. 2 „ „ „ „ large Garden 42 o No. 3 „ „ „ „ medium-sized Garden ... 21 o No. 4 „ „ „ „ small Garden 10 6 Discount, packtag, and carriage free, as per terms of Catalogue. FLOWER SEEDS, in Collections, i,2s., 2i.v., \os. 6d., and 5.9. each, post-free. DICK RADCLYFFE «& CO., 138 ^nd 139, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C. SAMUEL AND JAMES SMITH* Tansley Nurseries, Matlock, Derby, beg to offer, viz. :— Per 1000. ASH, Mountain, 2 to 3 feet, i6s.; 3 to 4 feet, 21J.; 4 'o 5 &«, 27^.; 6 to 8 feet, 70^.: 8 to 10 feet, roof. BEECH. 2 to 3 feet, 25^.; 3 to 4 feet, 281.; 4 to s feet, 35s. CHESTNUT, Spanish, i to I'A foot, ibs.; I'A to 2 feet, 25J. , .. Horse, 4 to 5 feet. 35^.; 6 to 8 feet, 100s. FIR, Spruce, 9 to 12 inches, los.; i to i^ foot, us.; 2-yr., is. BALM of GILEAD, i to i j^ foot, 20J. ; ij^ to 2 feet, 251. ; 2 to 3 feet, 405. PINUS MARITIMA, g to 12 inches, lol.; 2-yr., is. 6(1. LI.MES, 3 to 4 feet, 60s.: 4 to 5 feet, 80J. POPLAR. ItaUan, 3 to 4 feet, 25s.; 2-yr., 8r. ,, Ontario, 2 to 3 feet. 20J.; 4 to 6 feet, 50s.; 2-yr. 8j. ,, Silver, 3 to 4 feet, 40J. SNOWBERRY. i>2 to 2 feet, lis.; 2-yr., ^s.■. 3-yr., loi. PRIVET, 2-yr., ^s : i to iM foot, 15s.; i>^ to 2 feet, lis. SYCAMORE, i'/i<.0 2 feet, 15s.; 8 to 10 feet, 200s. WILLOW, Bitter, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. ; 2-yr., 8s. ,, Huntingdon, 3 to 4 feet, 25s.: 2-yr., 8s. BROOM and CORSE, i-yr., 2J.; 2-yr., 3s.; 3-yr.. 5s. DOGWOOD. Red, 2 to 3 feet, 60s.; 3 to 4 feet, 70s. FLOWERING SHRUBS, good variety, 20s. to 40s. LAUREL, Portugal, i to i"-! foot, 50s.; I'A to 2 feet, 70s. IVIES, in sorts, 20s. COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA, 20s. PERNETTYA, 2-yr., 12s. JUNIPER. Transplanted, 25s. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, i to I'A foot, 140s.; 3 to 6 inches, transplanted, 20s.: 2-yr., 4s.; s-yr., 6s. YEWS. 6 to 9 inches, 50s. : 9 to 15 inches, 70s. ARBOR-VIT,B, 4 io 6 feet, 80s. BERBERIS DARWINII and DULCIS, 70s. BOX. Tree, ij^ to 2 feet, loos ; 2 to 3 feet, 120s. RHODODENDRON FERRUGINEUM, loos.; and HIR- SUTUM, 80s. WHIN, Double, transplanted, iocs.: 2 yr., 505. Per 100. CEDRUS DEODARA, ij< to 2 feet, Sos.; 2 to 3 feet, 120s. CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS, i to I'A foot, 15s.; I'A to 2 feet. 25s.: 2 to 3 feet, 35s. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 2 to 3 feet, 20s.; 3 to 4 feet, 25s. : 4 to 5 feet, 50s. MEZEREON, Red, i to I'A foot, 12s. LAUREL, Caucasian, lA to 2 feet, 20s. OAK, Fulham, 6 to 8 feet, 25s. ., Scarlet, 6 to 8 feet, 40s. PINUS CEMBRA, 4 to 6 feet, 40s. THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, t to iK foot, 40s.; iK to 2 feet, 50s. : 2 to 3 feet, 65s. ; 3 to 4 feet, loos. HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS, 100 distinct varieties, 23s. NARCISSUS and SCILLAS, in sorts, 8s. per bushel, &c. RECTOR OF WOODSTOCK. (SECOND E.IRLV.) t^ne of the finest garden Potatos ; a good cropper ; flesh lemon- while ; skin, white and smooth ; shape, flatlish round ; very handsome ; boils mealy, and is of the finest flavour. This Potato should have a place in every garden, and is indispensable for exhibition purposes. Price, 5s. per 14 lb. ,l/«<7l clicnjvr by the snck (of 168 //',>, or ton. PARTICULARS of OTHER KINDS on APPLICATION STJTTON & SONS, THE QUEENS SEEDSMEN. READING. Special Offer. r^ EORGE FARNSWORTH has to offer VJI large quantities of the lollowing, which are good and well rooted : — ALDER, 2 10 4 feet, 2?s. bd. per rooo. ARBOR-VIT.'E. American, 2.yr, seedling, los. per 1000. ASH, Mountain, i-yr. seedling, 3s. per jooo ; 3 to 5 feet, 25s, per looo. ,. Common, 2 to 3 feet, 201. per laco. BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, 2-yr. seedlings, 5s. per troo : I-yr seedling and i-yr. bedded, los. per 1000 ; 15 inches to 2 feet, bushy, 4:s. per looc. COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA, i-yr. cuttings, 2ds. per 1000. WHIN or GORSE, I ouble, i-yr. cuttings, 6as. per icoj i-yr. and i-yr. transplanted, 12s. per io->. HOLLY. Common, 9 to 15 inches, iocs, per icoo ; 12 to iS inches, 130s. per 1000 : 1^2 to 2 feet, 240s. per 10:0. IVY, Irish, i-yr. cuttings, 30s. per toco. LAUREL, Common, fine, i-yr. cuttings, 10s. per 1000 15 inches to 2 feet, 70s. per 1000. ,, Portugal, 3 to 4 feet, very bushy, gs. per dozen. LIMES, 2-yr. layers, i-yr. transplanted, 2^< to 5 feet. Sos. per 1000 : 4 to 6 feet, izs. per 100 ; 6 to 8 feet, 20s. per 100. LARCH, twice transplanted, il^ to ^A feet. 22s. 6d. per 1000. POPLAR. Balsam, 2J2 to 5 feet, 30s. per 1000. .. Black Italian. 2 to 3 feet. 20s. per 1000. PRIVET, oval-leaved, twice transplanted, lA to a feet, 50s. per 1000. RHODODENDRONS, 3-yr. seedling, 5s. per loco ; 3-yr. and 2.yr. bedded, 2oy. per 1000 : 6 to 10 inches, extra trans* planted, 70s. per looo.; i to i% foot, 130s. per 1000. ,, ferrugineum. bushy, 15s. per too. .. hirsutum. bushy, 15s. per 100. SPRUCE FIR. i^ to 2 feet. 25s. per looo. Also other NURSERY STOCK as per LIST. Samples on application at The Nurseries, Matlock. 250 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 22, 1879, SEEDS.— CABBAGE, Enfield Market, 2 cwt., £6: PARSNIP, 100 lb., £2; ONION, White Spanish, i;6 lb., 2S. per lb. JOHN TINDELL. Nursery Gardens, Heckington, Sleaford. QUTTON'S NEW GLOXINIA CRASSI- O FOLIA GIGANTEA is acknowledged to be the finest. From Mr. A. Incjkam, Gr. to the Duke of Northumberland.— " Vour Gloxinia is the finest strain 1 have ever seen ; strong robust habit, the leaves are so reflexed as to nearly cover the pots. The flowers are very large and beautiful in colour ; some of the drooping flowered sons have blooms over 3 inches in diameter. They make quite a show of themselves in a house." 5.T. and 2S. 6d. per packet, post-free. Send for SUTTON'S LIST of NOVELTIES, gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. JAMAICA DRIED FERNS for SALE.— tJ Recently collected in Jamaica by a skilled collector. Sets consisting of 100 species of Ferns, dried, mounted and scientific- ally named. Price £,-2 los. and £^ per vet. Apply to R. THOMSON, Millerslee, Helensburgh, N.B. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.— Reduced Price :— In 4 bushel bags, bags included, at u., or truckload of about 250 bushels, 25^. (truckload delivered free to rail in London). Post-office Order or Cheque will oblige with all orders.— J. STEVENS and CO., Greyhound Yard. and 134. High Street. Battersea. S.W. pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, as V-^ supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society.—Four-bushel bag Cbag included), iS. ; 30 bags (bags included), ■zos. ; truck free to rail, 25^. RICH (late Finlayson & Hector), Cocoa-Nut Fibre Works, 24 and 25. Redman's Row, Mile End Road, London, E. GARDEN REQUISITES.— COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, as supplied to Her Majesty and most of the leading Nurserymen and Gardeners. ■^d. per bushel ; loo for 70s. ; truck (loose, 250 bush.), 30^. 4-bushel bags, 4'^. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks, 255. : 12 for 455., or 36J. per ton. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, s sacks 221. ; 12 for 4aj., or 34.?. per ton : sacks, ^d. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, 11. gd. per bushel; isi. half ton. 26.V. per ton : in 1 cwt. bags. ^-f. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT MOULD, and LEAF MOULD, i^. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6d. per sack. Manures, Garden Sticks, Virgin Cork, Tobacco Cloth and Paper. Russia Mats. &c. Write for free PRICE LIST. Goods free to rail. H. 0. SMYTH. iQ, Castle Street. Endell Street. Long Acre.W.C. PEAT SOIL, PEAT S O I L.— BROWN FIBROUS, good quality, for Orchids, Pot Plants, Ferns, &c., £6 6s. per truck. BLACK, good quality for American Plants, Rhododendrons. .Azaleas, Heaths. 8:c. . t-js. per ton, or 6-ton truck for £^ zos. Delivered on rail at Black- water, S.E.R.. or Camberley, S.VV.R., by the truckload. Cash with order. Sample sack. 5.^-. 6d., or four sacks, 20s. HOLDER AND SON, Crown Nurseries, Reading. Fibrous Peat for OrcMds. &c. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids. Stove Plants, &c., £6 6s. per truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 155. per ton. Delivered on rail at Blackwater, S. E. R., or Famborough, S. W. R. , by the truckload. Sample bag, 4J. ; 5 bags, 201. ; ■ 10 bags, 36s. Bags, ^d. each. Fresh SPHAGNUM, loi. 6d. per bag. WALKER AND CO.. Famborough Station, Hants. PEAT for RHODODENDRONS and ordi- nary POT PLANTS, in trucks containing 14 yards or loads, put on rail at Ringvvood Station, £2 15s. Carriage paid to London or any Station on the L. & S. W. Railway, £5 5s. per truck of fourteen loads. Cash or reference. J. PRYER. Manager, Peat Stores, Vauxhall Station and Ringwood. PEAT, Black or Brown fibrous, of superior quality for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Orchids. &c.. at £^ 4y. per 6-ton truck, put on rail at Camberley Station, South-Western Railway. — Address, W. TARRY. Bagshot, Surrey. ILLER AND JOHNSON (Established 1855) Manufacture the highest quality of ARTIFICIAL MANURES For Root, Corn, and Grass Crops. 36, Mark Lane, London. H E BEST MANURE. CARTER'S FERTILISER FOR FLOWERS. CARTER'S FERTILISER FOR POTATOS. CARTER'S FERTILISER FOR VEGETABLES. Professor Church says, " I am much pleased with the thoroughly satisfactory character of Carter's Fertiliser." Price 15. gd. and 45. 6d, per tin. Cheaper in larger quantities. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London. I S H U RST CO M PO U N D.— Used by many of the leading Gardeners since 1859, against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrlps, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from i to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Sold Retail by Seedsmen in Boxes, is.. 3J., and 10s. 6d. Wholesale by PRICE'S P.\TENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). JAMES' Genuine Roll-made TOBACCO • RAG and PAPER, for Fumigating Greenhouses, has always given great satisfaction to those who use it. Read testi- monials, post-free. lod. per pound ; to the trade, 5 per cent, re- duction.—44, Hampton Street, Walworth Road, London, S.E. C L A Y'S FERTILISER, Or PLANT FOOD. Is now respectfully offered to the Public, after having been thoroughly tested and approved, during the last three years, by the principal Market Growers and Gardeners. It is a powerful and lasting Manure, quick in action, and clean and safe to use. See correspondence in Gardeners' Chronicle, Oct. 5. 12, ig, and 26. To be had of Seedsmen, Nurserymen, and Florists, in packets, \s. : and in bags, }i, cwt., yi". td. ; J4 cwt., I2S. 6d. ; icwt,,::os. : or by letttrr addressed to 174. High Street, Homerton. London, E. References can be given to over 200 of the principal Nurserymen and Florists, M HARBER'S WORCESTER FUMIGATOR, Acknowledged to be the most efficient and economica.1 Fumigator yet introduced. Price io,r. 6d., 12s. 6d., and 15s. List of Testimonials may be had on application. CHARLES HARBER, 15, Boughton Street, Worcester. See Gardeners^ Chronicle^ August 10, 17, and Sept. 7, 1878. -T, Frovi Edward Tate, Gr. to Sir f^ V^ Coutts Lindsay, Bart., Balcarres fiiVf ff\ Gardens. Colinsburgh, Fifeshire, N.B.— Feb. 14. 1879. " Mr. Harder. " Dear Sir, — I have great plea- sure in bearing testimony to the excel- lence of your Registered Worcester Fumigator, which has been thoroughly BECiSTEBEDlMAYZO.iaTs. tested here to my entire satisfaction. It is the most efficient Fumigator I ever used, both as regards the saving of tobacco-paper, and the pleasure with which It can be used, when considered with the old system of being obliged to remain in the houses when fumigating. I shall make it known amongst gardeners in this district. " Wishing you every success, " Yours respectfully, " Edward Tate.'* ANDERSON'S RUSSIA MATS For COVERING, TYING, and PACKING, are highly recommended for durability and cheapness.^ De- scriptive Catalogue sent post-free on application. SACKS and BAGS of every description. TARPAULINS, HORSE- CLOTHS. ROPES. LINE'S, and TWINES.— JA.MES T. ANDERSON, 140, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E. ARCHANGEL AND PETERSBURG MAT MERCHANTS and IMPOETERS. T BLACKBURN and SONS fj . can now supply HEAVY PETERSBURG MATS, and all the usual kinds for covering and packing. ARCHANGEL MATS specially quoted. Price Lists of all on application at 4 and 5. Wormwood Street. London, E.C. N.B. Buyers please state if Mats are required for covering, packing, or tying, and the goods will be selected accordingly. Wholesale Russia Mat Merchants. MARENUAZ AND FISHER, Importers of ARCHANGEL and ST. PETERSBURG MATS, RAFFIA FIBRE, &c. Manufacturers of TANNED NETTING, TIFFANY, and other Garden Requisites. 9, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C. ELLIWELL'S PATENTED NEW SYSTEM of AIR and WATER-TIGHT IMPERISHABLE GLAZING. All Woodwork is covered, and no outside Painting is required. Old Roofs Reglazed. Any one can repair or take in pieces. " It is suitable for Railway Stations. Mills, Weaving Sheds, &c., but is specially applicable to Conservatories. Plant Houses, and Orchard Houses, and we should be very much inchned to try the system. It is certainly worth looking to."— The BuUder. " And will, in our opinion, supersede any other similar system before the public."— i>.v //(//«,? Neius. ** It seems to meet the end in view more nearly than any- thing we have seen yet." — The Field. " The patent has given high satisfaction to every one using it."— The Christian Union. " Convincingly prove the new Glazing Systeni to be worthy the attention of readers of the Keystone."— Tfie Keystone. For Estimates, Drawings, or Particulars, apply to the Patentee. T. W. HELLIWELL, Brighouse, Yorkshire; or, 19. Parliament Street, London. W.C. TERRA-COTTA more durable than Stone.— Vases, Tazzas, Flower Trays, Pedestals, Balustrades, Brackets. Terminals. Cornices, K:c. For designs and prices apply to JOHN M. BLASHFIELD, 42. Berners Street, W. Roslier's Garden Edging Tiles. THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in _ materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they harbour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c.. in Artificial Stone. very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO, Manufacturers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfriars, S.E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ; Kingsland Road. E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES," PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors. Balconies. &c. , from 3.^. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheets of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies. Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability. Wall Copings. Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates. Cement, &c. T. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SI L ""V E R S~A N D, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by Post per Ton or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade, DOULTON AND CO., Manufacturers ol IMPERISHABLE GARDEN EDGING, Of various patterns, in Terra Cotta, Stoneware, & Blue Staffordshire Ware, VASES, PEDESTALS, PENDANTS, ^c. In Terra Cotta and Doulton Ware. Illustrated LISTS and Special Prices on application. Chief Offices: High Street, Lambeth, S.E. Depots : Wood Street, Birmingham ; loo, Soho Street, Liverpool ; and Hope Street, Salford. Manji/actories : Lambeth, Staffordshire, and Lancashire. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c.,| Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities, of BETHAM & SON, 9. LOWER THAMES STREET. LONDON, E.C. B. & Son have always a large Stock in London of 20-in. by 12-uuJ 20-in. by 14-in., 20-in. by 16-in., 20-in. by i8-in., in i6-oz. & 21-0:? HORTICULTURAL WINDOW GLASS. A large variety of sizes, 15-oz., 12s. 6d. ; 21-oz., i6s. td.^ per 100 feet. Large sizes, in Cases, for Cutting up — 15-oz. 4ths, 30^. ; 3ds, 40s. per 300 feet ; — 21-oz. 4ths, 1,0s : 3ds., 401. per 200 feet.— ALFRED SVER, Glass, Lead, Zinc, Oil and Colour Merchant, 8. Pentonville Read. London. N. "ONES'S PATENT "DOUBLE L" SADDLE BOILER, These Boilers possess all the advantages of the old Saddle Boiler, with the following improvements— viz. , the water-space at back and over top of saddle increases the heating surface to such an extent that a "PATENT DOUBLE L SADDLE BOILER" will do about twice the amount of work with the same quantity of fuel ; the cost of selling is also considerably reduced, and likewise the space occupied ; at the same time these Boilers are simple in construction, and being made of WTOught-iron are not liable to crack. They are made of the following sizes : — Sizes. To heat of 4-in. Pipe. Price. High. Wide. Long. Feet. £ s. J. 20 in. 18 in. 18 in. 300 700 20 ,, iS „ =4 ,. 400 800 20 ,, 18 „ 30 „ 500 900 24 .. =4 .. 24 „ 700 12 0 0 24 „ 30 „ 850 14 0 0 =4 .. 24 „ 36 „ ICOO 16 0 0 =4 „ 24 „ 48 „ 1400 20 0 0 28 ,. =8 ,, 60 ,, 1800 25 0 0 Larger sizes if required. Front Mr. Charles Young, Nurseries^ BalJunn Hill, S.W. ^ May 29, 1873. " Having given your Patent ' Double L' Boilers a fair trial at my Nurseries, I beg to say that they are most satisfactory. 1 consider them the best in use, and without doubt the most economical of all boilers ; they will burn the refuse of other tubular boilers I have in work." PRICE LISTS of HOT-WATER PIPES and CONNEC- TIONS, with Boilers, of all sizes and shapes; or ESTIMATES for HOT-WATER APPARATUS, erected complete, will bo sent on application. J. JONES AND SONS, Iron Merchants, 6, Bankside, South- wark, London, S.E. When ordering Boilers please refer to the above advertisement. T^~HE GRAVET^W A L K METAL SCRAPER MATS.— They improve the appearance of Entrances, are suitable for all kinds of Gravel-walk Entrances, in all weathers, either to remove the loose grit after summer showers, or the dirt or snow of winter. Their texture g-iTjes a firm Jwld to tlte/eet in whatever direction yo7i step. They are the width of an ordinary step, and being directly m the path cannot escape use, save much wear in other mats, floorcloths, and carpets, and their endurance is incalculable. Lengths, 2 feet 3 inches, price xos. : 2 feet 6 inches, 12,?. ; 3 feet, 14.^. ; 3 feet 4 inches, iSs.; 3 feet 8 inches. iS.j. ; 4 feet, 2o.r. All 12 inches wide. Tidcombe"^ Patent Gravel-walk Metal Scr.-iper Mats are suitable for Man.sions, Villas, French Casement.^. Con>er\'atories, Hothouses, Greenhouses, Flower Gardens, Kitchen Gardens, Places of Wor>hip, Colleges, Schools, Manufactories, Hotels, Public Institutions, and all Entrances l-.-ading from Sandy, Gritty, or Gravel Walks. Delivered on Railway on receipt of re- mittance, payable to G. TIDCOMBE and SON, Watford, Herts. February 22, 1879,] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 251 Silver Medal, 1874. THE TERMINAL SADDLE BOILER.— First-class Certificate, 1867 ; Highly Commended, 1873 ; and First-class Certificate, 1875. *'This boiler possesses the rare merit of sucking all the heat from the fire." — Gardeners' Mas:azine, p. 254. ■' I have no doubt the Best Boiler, that will burn any kind of fuel, is the Terminal Saddle." — yonr^ialof /lorticiilture, p. 327. " For moderate cost and real efficiency the Terminal Saddle is one of the very be.st." — TJie Garden, p. 95. Prospectus post-free. T. JONES, Temple Street, Manchester. E TORTOISE " RIPPINGILIiE'S PROPAGATING PLANT FRAME. HEATED LY PATENT STOVE The simplest and best ever mtroduced for Raising Seeds Striking Cuttmgs, &c // f^^y^$^ n / vV ' a STOVE, tile-lined, without grate, is the cheapest and most efficient heating powerfor Conservatories, Greenhouses, &c., being perfectly free from emitting sulphur fumes , it burns coke, cinders, or any refuse fuel without attention : no dust. Prices from 30.?. to 60^. each. Apply for Testimonials to C. PORT- - WAY. Patentee, Halstead, Essex ; or to HYDE and WIGFULL (Limited), Sheffield, sole Licencees and Makers for the North of England, FOR SALE, a beautiful SPIRE, composed of SLABS of WHITE SICILIAN MARBLE. No longer required as a terminal to a monument. Useful for a Monument or on an Octagonal Tower. There are Ninety-six Slabs of Marble, more than an inch thick. Apply to Messrs. HENRY POOLE and SONS, Johnson Street, Westminster. S.W. PEACH WALL COVERS, Portable or Permanent, either of the simple Paxton Roofs, or with projecting set-off" from top of back wall. Estimates given by return of Post, after receipt of Particulars, for Covering any Length, Height, or Width. B. W. W A R H U R S T, LATE H E R E M A N and MORTON, REMOVED TO 43, Highgate Road, London, N.W. PRICE LISTS FREE. A Pamphlet for Three Stamps, with Testimonials, Views of Conservatories, &c. The Gardeners Magazine says : — '* A most valuable invention." (Copy of Testimonial.) Yardley, near Birniingkani, May 23, 1878. Dear Sir,— I am much pleased with the new Propagating Plant Frame which you supplied two or three months ago, heated by Rippingille's Patent Stove. The frame does its work in the most perfect manner, and at a very trilling cost for oil. I have used it with great advantage in raising plants from seeds, and in propagating trees from cuttings, and I think the apparatus just the thing for amateur gardeners who do not happen to possess luxurious and costly forcmg houses. — Yours obediently. GEORGE LINDSEY. Sent packed free and carriage paid to any railway station in England. Write for Price List and particulars Eo — THE ALBION LAMP COMPANY. nS, HOLEORN, LONDON, E.C., And say where you saw this advertisement. GREENHOUSE LIG HTS, FRAME LIGHTS, PIT LIGHTS. Legion of Honour (Paris Exhibition) : Gold MedaL WH. LASCELLES, Horticultural • Builder, 121, Bunhill Row London, E C All sizes in Stock or in progress. Made of best material, glazed or unglazed, 6 feet by 3 feet io| inches, painted three times, glazed with 21-oz. English glass, 16^. each. Special price for a quantity. Carriage free. Packing free. Estimates for any size and qtcantity given. BOULTON & PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDER. S, NORWICH. Estimite 1 plication for GREENHOUSES and CONSERVAlUklKb of all kinds, and to any desiRn. GARDEN BOXES and LIGHTS. Each. PorLable Box with One Light, 6 feet by 4 feet, glazed s. d, good 15-0Z. sheet glass, painted four coats, and packed ready for use . . . . . . . . . . 35 o Portable Box with Two Lights, as above, each light 6 feet by 4 feet . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 o LIGHTS ONLY. 3 feet by 4 feet light, not painted nor glazed . . . . 36 Ditto glazed, good 15-oz. sheet glass, and painted 4 coats 10 o 6 feet by 4 feet, not painted nor glazed . . . . . . 60 Ditto glazed and painted 4 coats .. .. .. . . 16 6 RICHARDSON'S PATENT HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS fcjferltfijicr,^gfui y-t— SCCTION OF PATENT ROOF VCKTILATOR. liltisiratious, Price Lists, and Tcsiimoniahfyec. Hot-water Apparatus fixed in any part of the Kingdom, and guaranteed. W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders & Hot-water Engineers, DARLINGTON. T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.G., CONSERVATORY AND GREENHOUSE BUILDERS, AND HOT-WATER ENGINEERS. HENRY ORMSON, HORTICULTURAL BUILDER AND HOT-WATER APPARATUS ENGINEER, STANLEY BRIDGE, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. lfer-«i-:^Bgi!» fc. sgfesg< -fin^^ THE BEST BUILT HOTHOUSES AND CONSERVATORIES. Surveys made and Gentlemen waited on in any part of the Country. Catalogues, Plans, and Estimates supplied gratis on application. UNSURPASSED BOILERS AND HEATING APPARATUS. 252 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 22, 1879. MAIN'S GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. REDUCED PRICES. COMPABE PRICES and aUALITY. ^ i'RICE I'F.R YARD, TWO FEET WIDE, Extra Mesh. Light. Medium. Strong. Strong ID. s. d. s. d. s. d. J. d. 3 .. 0 2>i .. ..03^.. ..04^ .. .. 0 sH 1^8 .. .. 0 3\i .. ..04 .. .. 0 4ji .. ..06 lJ4 .. .04 .. ..o45f.. ..06 .. .. 0 7M I .. 0 7}^ .... 0 9 .... I 0 Other widths at equally low prices. .. ..14 200 yards sent carriage free to most railway Price Lists Free. stations. A. & J. MAIN & CO., 108, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C., And at Glasgow, Edinburgh, and London. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. IMPROVED PORTABLE POULTRY HOUSE, PHEASANTRY or AVIARY. The RoostiiiE Laying House is made of wood, painted green outside and Hme-whited inside, with run underneath for shade and shelter ; new circular-shaped galvanised roof, which is very ornamental, and affords good ventilation ; fitted with shifting perches, sliding window, large door and lock for attendant, small door for fowls, and hen ladder, no nest boxes. Strong galvanised Wire Run, as illustrated, with door, and lock, and all necessary bolts and nuts complete. Prices—Carriage pau^ io any railway station i?i England : ist size. No 4 feet wide 2d size. No. 5 feet wide 3d size. No. 3 with run complete, iz feet long, with run complete, 12 feet long, £^ 9 17 with run complete, 16 feet long, 6 feet wide .. .. .. 1500 Houses can be had without tuns if required. New Illustrated Caialogue free on application. BOULTON AND PAUL. Norwich. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL IRON WORKS, S TA FFORDSHIRE ; 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LOKDON, 180, BUCHANAN BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. GALVANISED FITTINGS FOR Wiring Garden Walls>s Training Fruit Trees. Admitted by every practical gardener to be an immense im- provement upon the old system of nails and shreds, no damage being done to the wall, and the tying being effected in a much better manner and in a quarter of the time ; all the fittings are galvanised, thus making them imperishable. PRICES. s. a. GALVANISED EYES for Guiding the Wires upon the Walls .. .. .. o 4 per dozen. GALVANISED TERMINAL HOLD- FASTS ; two required for each line of wire .. .. .. .. ..19 ,, GALVANISED RAIDISSEURS, for Straining the Wires .. .. -.30 ,, WINDING KEY for same o 4 each. EYE BOLTS, to use instead of Raidis- seurs .. .. .. .. ■■ 3 o per dozen. Best No. 14 GALVANISED WIRE . . 2 o per 100 yards. Carriage fiaid upon all Orders 0/ ^os. and up'd>ards. IMPROVED ESPALIER FENCING AND WALL TRAINERS. Estimates given free of charge for Espalier Trainers for Fruit Trees, &c. The Espalier can be easily fixed, wood or stone blocks being unnecessary. In writing for Estimates plea'^e give exact engths required, with a rough sketch showing angles, if any. FITTINGS for WIRING FRUIT WALLS.-Havin- a large stock, orders can be executed on receipt at reduced prices. Carriage Paid on Orders of 40^. value. Illustrated Lists, with full particulars, free on application. WROUGHT IRON GARDEN ARCHES, No. I. No. 3. No. 1. — This Arch is very strong, and suitable for training Creepers of any kind. Wrought Iron Frame, covered with stout galvanised Wire Netting, 7 feet high, 4 feet span, 2 feet wide, frame painted green, \-js. 6d. each. No. 3. — 7 feet high, 4 feet span, i foot 6 inches wide, painted green, i6j. 6d. each. Orders executed on receipt. Carriage Paid when Orders anioimt to 40J, BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. RALPH WALLER and CO., 45, Dale Street, Manchester, Manufacturer of all kinds of GARDEN NETTING, &c., lor protecting Fruit Trees from Frost ; also HOTHOUSE SHADINGS of various thicknesses, supe- rior to any other yet discovered for Lightness, Strength, and Durability, standing, as they do. all weathers. TIFFANY of various kinds always on hand. Netting and Shading in pieces 30 yards long, by ij4 yard wide. Tiffany in pieces 20 vards If^ng, 38 inches wide. Hlso Tiffany mineralised. NETTING, No. 1, ^d. per square yard ; No. 2, 3>4'3^- : No, 3, i^yzd. HOTHOUSE SHADINGS. FINE NETTING, 5^. per square yard ; No. 6a, %d. No. 6, 9(f. ; No. 6, improved, 9%d. TIFFANY, No. i. 35. td. per piece. Mineralised, 4^. ; No. 2, 4.J. td. per piece. Mineralised, 5^. Samples on application. _ TIFFANY and ELASTIC NETTING (REGISTERED). — It is now twenty-five years smce we introduced the article we called " SHAWS TIFFANY "lor horticultural shading and protecting, and up to the present all imitations have fallen short of the beauty, texture, and utility of the article. Our immense sale enables us at all times to put it on the market at a lower price than any other house. Tiffany and Elastic Netting (REGISTERED), with Canvas and all other Shading and Protecting Materials, manufactured and sold by JOHN SHAW AND CO.. 29, Oxford Street. Manchester. Samples and prices on application, HIGHEST AWARD GOLD MEDAL J. J.THOMAS & CO. Paris Exhibition^ 1S7S, For Wire applied to Horticultural Purposes. PEA AND SEED GUARDS. CKEAT SUCCESS. REDUCED PRICES. SEASON 1879. Superior Quality. Galvanised after made. NEW PATTERN WITH DIAGONAL STAYS. No. 76. 3 feet long, 6 inches wide, 6 inches high. Price 7s. 6d. per dozen. The above are strongly recommended, being much smaller in the mesh than the ordinary diamond pattern, and proof against the smallest birds. Orders executed on receipt. Illustrated and Priced Catalogues of Horticultural Wirework and Fittings for Wiring Walls on application. Ten per Cent, discount allowed for cash with order. Special (juotations/or large quantities. Z. J. THOMAS & CO., Paddington Iron and Wireworks, 28s and 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W. P.O. Orders to be made payable at 310, Edgware Road. PHEASANTRY ■ ■ ■ - '. . -; WIREWORKS. Notice of Removal. RHOLLIDAY begs respectfully to inform • his Patrons and Friends that he has removed his Business of Horticultural Iron and Wire Works, from 2a, Portobello Terrace^ Notting Hill Gate, to more extensive an4 commodious premises, situated in BEAUFORT STREET, CHELSEA, S-W.,at the same time thanking them for their past favours and trusts for theu" support and patronage in the future. New Address : — R. HOLLIDAT, HORTICULTURAL IRON and WIREWORKS. " The Pheasantry," Beaufort Street, Cheleea, London, S.W. For Garden and Conscniatory Wirework see Illustrated Catalogue. ' THE SOLE HIGHEST N^h'PSi AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION, GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. THE SILVER MEDAL And the Report of the Jury that J. B. BROWN & CO.'s Netting was the Finest in the Exhibition. Also the Sole Highest Awards at Vienna, 1873, Philadelphia Centennial, 1876, and ivhcrcvcr the Netting has been exliibited. Priees per Lineal Yard., 24 in. high: — Size of Mesh. 2 in. 11 in. liin. Mostly used for Dogs or Poultry . Small Rabbits, &c. Smallest Rabbits. 0 Or Light. 18 Or Medi- um. 17 Or Strong. 19 Z\atent Method of Coiiitructiou are very strong most durable, light, elegant, amply ventilated, perject efficiency for intended purpose is guaranteed, are economical /'« cost and maintenance : combine the peculiar advantages of Wooden and of Iron Houses, without their disadvantao^es MESSENGER and CO., from their long experience, and having large Works e.xclusively devoted to the Construction and Heating of Horticultural Buildings, are in a position to e.\-ecute with despatch in the best manner the Orders with which they are entrusted. Only thoroughly well seasoned timber used. The Plans of Landscape Gardeners, Architects, and Others carried out. Plans and Estimates forwarded free on receipt of Particulars by Post. Estimates sent free of charge. Ladies and Gentlemen waited upon. ^ Illustrated CAT.^LOGUES of GREENHOUSES, VINERIES, HE..\TING APPARATUS &c sent fr-P on application. Richly Illustrated CATALOGUE of HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS a'nd HEATINr APPAR.'VTUS (the Designs taken from Works executed by M. & Co.). post-free for thirty-three stamps Gentlemen consulting this Catalogue have the advantage of inspecting designs whose efficiency has been tested bv actinl ex-perience. •' '"-^"'»' TWO HIGHEST A ^V A R D S PARIS, 1878, SILVER MEDAL. The Jury Reports are not vet published. PHILADELPHIA, 1876, PRIZE MEDAL. Jury Report ;— " Excellence in diagonal weaving of a low-priced fabric." FOR GALVANISED Prices per Lineal Yard, 2 feet wide. Size of Mesh. Inch. ^a Mostly used for. Rabbits & Hares . Rabbits, &i, Small Rabbits . . Pheasantries Gauge. Light. Gauge. Medium Gauge. d. d. 19 3„ >8 3K 17 19 iVi 18 4 17 ■9 4 , 18 4ji 17 19 1% 18 9 17 Strong. ^VIRE if NETTING Have been awarded to the Inventors and Original Mamifacfitrers of Macliine-made Wire Nettino BARNARD, BISHOP & BARNARDS, Norfolk Ironworks, NORWICH,^ And 91, 93, and 95, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. Under the Patronage of the Queen. T SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABEL.S. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BLACK-FACED LETTERS. Jhe Gardeners' 31aga::iiie says:— "We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH. The Royal Label Factory. Stratford-on-Avon. TyuOD TRAINING STICKS and n. ..^^'^'''''^•^•'^""'""^"'''^''t'y R°y-'>' Horticultural Society : BAMBOO CANES. RAFFIA for tying, VIRGIN CORK, ARCHANGEL and other MATS, PACKING MATS, &c. Wholesale prices on application to C.J. BLACKITH AND CO., Cox's Quay, Lower Thames Street, London. E.C. M Indestructible Terra-Cotta Plant Markers. AW AND CO.'S PATENT.— Prices, Printed Patterns, and Specimens, sent post- free on application ; also Patterns of Ornamental Tile Pave- ments for Conservatories. Entrance Halls. &c MAW AND CO.. Benthall Works. Broseley. THE Salisbury Combination Secretaires. FOLEY'S PATENT. No. 2D. 6 ft. ,, in. by 3 ft. 3 in. THE .SALISBURY COMBINATION SECRETAIRES are adapted to all purposes and classes of society. Combine the uses of Bookcases, Bureaus, China Cabinets Cellaret, Sideboards, Escritoires, Secretaires, &c. Every part is utilised, the floor space is the same, whether open or closed. These Secretaires are elegant and original in design and con- struction, and destined to become the Cabinet of the age. List of Prices and Illustrationsof other Combinations can be obtained 0/ the Patentee and Manufacturer. ARTHUR FOLEY, FISHERTON MACHINE CABINET WORKS, SALISBURY. THE IMPROVEMENT OF LANDED ESTATES, By DRAINAGE, ENCLOSING, CLEARING The ERECTION of FARM BUILDINGS and COTTAGES WATER SUPPLY. &c. The Land Loan and Enfranchisement Co. (Incorporated by Special Act of Parliament) ADVANCES MONEY: ist. — To the OWNERS of SETTLED and OTHER ESTATES, for the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages and for the Drainage. Irrigation, Enclosing, Clearing and General Improvement of Landed Property in any part of the United Kinadom. 2d. --To the OWNERS of SETTLED ESTATES in ENGLAND, for the Erection or Completion of Mansions Stables, and Outbuildings, and for the Construction or Erection of Reservoirs, and other Works of a permanent nature, to supply Water for the use of the Estate, or for any other purpose 3d -To LANDOWNERS generally, to enable them to subscribe for Shares in Companies for the Construction of Rail- ways and Navigable Canals, which will beneficially aft'ect their Estates. 4th.— To INCUMBENTS, for the Improvement of their Glebe Lands, by Drainage, and the Erection of Farm Buildinss and Cottages. 5th -To COPYHOLDERS, for the Enfranchisement of Copyhold Lands. The amount borrowed, with the expenses, would be charged on the Estate benefited, and repaid by a rent-charge, termi- nating in twenty-five years. No Investigation of the Landowner's Title is necessary. Forms of application, and all further particulars may be obtained of Messrs. RAWLENCE and SQUAREY, 22, Great George Street. Westminster, S.W., and Salisbury: of Messrs. ASHURST, MORRIS, CRISP and CO., 6, Old Jewry, London, E.G.: of Messrs. GILLESPIE and PATERSON, W.S., SiA, George Street, Edinburgh. Agents for the Company in Scotland ; and at the Offices of the Company, as below. T. PAIN, Managing Director. EDWIN GARROD, Secretary. Land Loan and Enfranchisement Company, aa. Great George Street, Westminster, S.W. 254 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 22, 1879. Accidents Occur Daily— Accidents of all Kinds Provided against by a Policy ot the r>AILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE \l COMPANY.— The Oldest and Largest Accidental Assurance Company. The Right Hon. Lord Kinnaird, Chairman. Subscribed Capital, .^r.ooo.ooo. Annual Income. ;C2i4.ooo. A fixed sum in case of Death by Accident, and a Weekly Allowance in the event of Injury, may be secured at moderate Premiums. Bonus allowed to Insurers of five years' standing, ^(^i, 350,000 have been paid as compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or 64, Cornhill, London. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. HE GARDEN PO^T T E R Y, Old Down, Shepton Malett. I have not advertised my Flower-pots lately, for I have been selling faster than I could make. I have some in hand now, and none can please better. 'j-^ j_ HICKES. New Work on Garden Flowers. WITH PAINTINGS FROM NATURE. Now ready. Part I, , price (id. , FAMILIAR GARDEN FLOWERS. By SiiiRi.EV HinnEUD. With Coloured Plates by F. E. HuL.ME, Enibracuig Information on the Culture and Propaga- tion, Structure, and Habits, History and Association, most Suitable Arrangements, &c., of all the leading Garden Flowers. Prospectuses at all Booksellers. CASSELL, FETTER and GALPIK, Ludgate Hill, London. In Imperial 8vo. with 55CO Woodcuts, price 31 j, 6rf., A GENERAL SYSTEM of BOTANY. XA. Translated from the French of E. Le Maout, M,D., and J. Decaisne, by Mrs. Hooker: with additions by J. D. Hooker, C.B,, F.R.S,, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, . . , , . "The most comprehensive treatise of modem date that we have ever seen " — Athenaeum. LONGMANS AND CO., London. Belgian. BULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE, de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI- CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865 by F. BiJRVENlcH, F, Paynaert, E, Rodigas, and H. J. Van HuLLE, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Government at Ghent. Post paid, roi. per annum H, J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium. T3EVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE -CV et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural Review). — Among the principal Contributors are ; — A. Allard, E. Andre, C, Baltet, T. Buchetet. F. Burvenich, F. Crcpin, Comte de Gomer, De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchov^ de Denterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C, de Vis, J. Gillon. A. M. C. Jongkindt Coninck. C. Koch. J. Kicks, L, Linden. T, Moore, C. Naudin, B, Oliver, H. Ortgies, E, Pynaert, E, Rodigas, A. Siraux, O. Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. Van Volxem, H. J. Veitch. A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein. This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month, in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous Engravings. Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom :— One year, loj,, payable in advance. Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium. Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PVNAERT, at the Chief Post-office, Ghent. lO CULTIVATO R.— A Portuguese Monthly Agricultural Journal, which circulates in Portusjal and her possessions, and in the Principal Towns of the Brazils. This paper offers an excellent medium for Advertisements of every description of industry and of every article of Consump- tion in the countries and places above mentioned. Advertising charges, Zd. per square inch, Translation included. Ten per cent. Discount for six months ; 20 per cent. Discount for twelve months, if paid in advance. Address, the Editor of the Cultivator, St. Michael's, Azores. Farms, Esttites, Residences. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midland Counties Herald Office, Birmingham.'* The Midland Counties Herald always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. NEW BOOKS ON GARDENING. This day, crown 8vo, with Illustrations, \s. dd., cloth, postage 3^/. POTATO S : How to Grow and Show Them. A Practical Guide to the Cultivation and General Treat- ment of the Potato. By James Pink, Author of *' How to Grow One Thousand Pounds of Potatos from One Pound of Seed." Weale's Rudimentary Series. This day, i2mo. limp cloth, is- 6V, : cloth boards, 2.s. ; postage 2d , KITCHEN GARDENING MADE EASY. Showing How to Prepare and Lay-out the Ground, the best Means of Cultivating every known Vegetable and Herb, ■with Directions for Management all the Year Round. By George M. F. Glennv. Just Published, 416 pages, 1 38 Illustrations, cloth $$. ; postage 6d.^ GOOD GARDENING ; or, How to Grow Vegetables, Fruits, and Flowers ; with Practical Notes on Soils, Manures, Seeds, Planting, Laying-out. &c. _ By Samuel Wood. Third Edition, with considerable additions. "One of the best and clearest which we have met with," Spectator. ;C62o Annual Profit from One Acre of Land and ^i-jS per Annum from Three Glasshouses ! — See MULTUM IN PARVO GARDENING, lly Samuel Wood, Aiithor of " Good Gardening." Third Edition, revised. Crown Svo, cloth, with Illustrations, price 25. ; postage 3(/. "Should be read by all who contem- plate growmg for market and profit." Farmer, CROSBY LOCKWOOD and CO., 7, Stationers' Hall Court. London. E.G. 1^ ADVERTISERS are requested to note that although we do not objed to receive Letters to be called for, we cannot undertake to forward them. LANDSCAPE GARDENERS, inclined to take up the SALE of a NEW MANUFACTURE, specially suited for Gardens, are requested to send on their addresses to CARL SCHLIESSMANN, Castel-Mainz-on- the-Rhine, Germany. ARTNERSHIP, in a NURSERY, SEED, and FLORIST liUSINESS. An excellent opportunity is immediately offered to an industrious and persevermg young man, to join advertiser in an established and largely increasing business in London. Capital about ;£20O.— M. W., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, W.C. W^" ANTED, a PARTNER, with £6000 to ;£io,ooo, in a firm enjoying a world-wide reputation as Horticulturists. Established nearly a century. Is considered one of the leading Nurseries in the kingdom.— For particulars apply to J. SEYMOUR FOWLER, Esq., Solicitor, 21, Abchurch Lane, London, E.C., and 7. Cable Street, Liverpool. WANTED, a PARTNER, in an Old- established Nursery and Seed Business in Hexham. Northumberland.— Apply .to BOWDEN AND AMOS, Pubhc Accountants, Newcastle. Fulham SmaU Pox Hospital. WANTED, a GARDENER, at wages of 181. weekly, with board.— Candidates are required to apply to the STEWARD, at the Hospital, Seagrave Road (near West Brompton Station). ANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER in arural village. He must be unmarried, and experienced in Vines, Flower Beds, and the usual routine of the profession. Wages £,\ per week, and lodgings found. Good reference indispensible.— R. S. O., Byfield, Northants ANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER. Must understand Flower and Kitchen Garden and Glass, -zy. per week, not to live on the premises. —Apply by letter only, with references, to ELMSDALE. Carpenter Road, Edgbaston. WANTED, a WORKING GARDENER, married. Must understand Hothouses. Wages ;^6o a year, with house, coals, and vegetables. — Apply, by letter, to ALGERNON C. HEBER PERCY. Esq., Hodnet Hall, Hodnct. Shropshire. pHARLES NOBLE wishes to ENGAGE a V^ FOREMAN who understands Roses and Fruit Trees. A moderate wage, to riselby merit. — Eagshol, February. 1879. WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN for a Market Garden. Only those well up to their work need apply. Wages 255. per week. — Address, stating expe- rience, B., II, St. Mary's Butts, Reading. WANTED, a pushing Young MAN, who has had experience in a Market Nursery, well ac- customed to Growing Pelargoniums, Cyclamens, Primulas, Cut Flowers, 8:c. North of England. Relerences required. State wages.— W. M., Messrs. Hurst & Son, 6, Leadenhall Street, London, E.G. To Cucumber Growers. WANTED, a good CUCUMBER GROWER. Good wages given and bothy. Also an ASSISTANT CUCUMBER GROWER.— W. E. DAVIS, New Lodge. Whetstone. WANTED, a MAN with a good knowledge of Herbaceous and Alpine Plants and Bulbs.— Apply in own handwriting to JAMES DICKSON and SONS, Newton Nurseries, Chester, WANTED, a Quick and Active Young MAN, about twenty years of age, to assist in the Houses and make himself useful ; one accustomed to Nursery work. Wages, i8j. per week.— HENRY WALTON, Edge End Nurseries, Brierfield, near Burnley, Lancashire. WANTED, a respectable LAD, about i6 to 17, to make himself generally useful. Must have some knowledge of Flower Garden and Greenhouse work.— Apply, 62, Forest Road. Dalston, E. WANTED, a PACKING CLERK ; must have had good experience, and well up in Plants. — CHARLES TURNER, The Royal Nurseries, Slough. WANT PLACES. E. G. HENDERSON AND SON have many excellent GARDENERS with approved testimonials for ability now waiting in their Nurseries for re-engagement. E. G. H. & Son will be pleased to answer any enquiries from Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring such— Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale, London, W. JOHN COWAN, The Vineyard and *f Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, can with every confi- dence recommend a first-class GARDENER to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may require such. ARDENER (Head).— J. Shaw, Muncaster Castle Gardens, Cumberland, wishes to obtain a situation as above for his late Foreman ; thoroughly practical in all branches of the profession. GARDENER (Head).— Age 28, single at present ; fourteen years' practical experience in Noble- men's and Gentlemen's Gardens, in all branches. Good character from present and previous employers.- N. F., Possingworth, Hawkhurst, Sussex^ GARDENER (Head).— Thoroughly ex- perienced in all branches of the profession. Good refer- ences.—T. KING, Mr. John Lloyd's, Beechcliflf, near New- castle, Staffordshire. GARDENER (Head).— Age 36, married; thoroughly practical in all branches of the profession. Four years' good character. — J. P., Godmersham Park, Canterbury. GARDENER (Head).— Age 25 ; married when suited ; practical in all branches of the profession. Two years' good character. Highly recommended from present employer. — A. LYON, Charman Dean, Worthing, Sussex. GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical man, who can be well recommended. — Mr. SURMAN, Florist High Street, Witney. Oxon. GARDENER (Head), where two or three are kept. — Age 33, married ; seventeen years' experience in all branches of Gardening. Good references.— GARDENER The Lodge, Tangley, Guildford. GARDENER (Head) ; age 45, married.— A Gentleman desires to recommend his late Gardener in whom he has every confidence, as a thorough practical man in all branches of gardening. Can undertake general management if required.— W. S., Mr. Cooper, Bridge Street, Godalming. C> ARDENER (Head).— Age 28 ; thoroughly V>^ understands the profession in all its branches. Twelve years' experience. Four years' excellent Foreman's recommenda- tion from last situation ; reference also from Mr. Penny Sandringham. — W. L., Lyihe Hill, Haslemere, Surrey. ARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept.— Age 33, married, no family ; thoroughly practical in all branches. Good references from present and previous employers. — HORTUS, Mr. Batchelor, Harlow Heath. Harrogate. /^ARDENER (Head) ; single.— A Gentle- \-^ MAN wishes to recommend his second Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly practical, trustworthy man. Highest testimonials from pre- vious employers.— H. W., The Gardens. Aclybryn. Llanelly. GARDENDR (Head), where two or three are kept.— Married ; one child. Understands Vmcs, Melons, Cucumbers. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Seven years' good character Abstainer.— C . GARDNER, Perryhill, Worplesdon. Guildford. (^ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or V^ Gentleman.— The GARDENliR, Burlingham Hall, wishes to recommend his Second Gardener a.s above. Thoroughly understands the duties, and can be highly recommended — E. SMITH, Burlingham Hall, Norwich. ARDENER (Head).— Practically acquamted with the Culture and Management of Orchids, Ferns. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Pines, Vines. Melons, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good references for character and proficiency. — G. W., Greenwood Cottage. Woodford, N.E. ' ■ ARDENER (Head) ; age 46, married, one child (age six) : Scotch.— A Gentleman can highly recommend his Gardener (who has been with him three years) to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical, trustworthy man. Disengaged next month. — F. E., Moseley Hall, Birmingham. ARDENER (Head). — Age 27, single; thirteen years' experience in the Growing of all Fruits. Plants, and Vegetables. Two years Foreman to the Earl of Bective ; fifteen months Head Gardener in present situation. Highest references can be given.— W. CLEAVER, Post-office. Rugby. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept.— Age 30, single at present ; fifteen years' experience in the Culture of Vmes, Peaches, Stove and Green- ; house. Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Can be highly recom- mended from present employer. — L., Scartho, near Great Grimsby. GARDENER (Head); age 28, sin-le.— H. J. Clayton, Gardener, Grimston Park, Tadcaster, would be glad to recommend his Foreman, G. Hatcher I who has been with him four years), to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a really geod man. H. J. C. will be pleased to answer any enquiries thought necessary. — Apply as above. GARDENER (Head).— Mr. W. J. Cross, late Head Gardener to the Rt. Hon. Louisa Lady Ash- burton, can with confidence recommend a Man to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a good practical Gardener, especially in the cultivation of Orchids and all kinds of choice Fruits and Vegetables.— Mr. W. J. CROSS. Ford Nursery, Salisbury. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept. — Age 40. married, no family; the Advertiser is desirous of engaging with a Gentleman requiring the ser\'ices of a thorough practical Gardener, of twenty-five years' practice. Orchids, Ferns, Stove, Pines, Grapes, Peaches. Melons. Early and Late Forcing. Flowers and Vegetables. Good references. — E. H., I. Alexandra Terrace, Penge Lane. Penge. S. GARDENER (He.\d).— Age 31, single ; is thoroughly practical in the Management of Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Orchids, Pines, Vines, Early and Late Forcing of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, and the General Management of a good Establishment, having lived in some of the leading establishments in this country and given the greatest satisfaction. Over three years' good character from last situa- tion, own option leaving the same. — L. M., 53, Gayton Road, Hampstead, London, N.W. To Noblemen and Gentlemen. GARDENER (Head) ; age 41, married— RoBF.KT Sow^KBV, Gardener to th« Earl of Macclesfield, Shirburn Castle, Tetsworth, Oxon, nearly four years, and nine years previously Gardener to Sir George Orby Wombwell, Bart., Newburgh Park, Yorkshire, will be shortly disengaged. Has a thorough knowledge of Modem Horticulture, also had practice in Re-modelling Grounds and Gardens, the Erection and Heat- ing of Horticultural Buildings, S:c. ; has been a most successful exhibitor of Plants and Fruits in the North of England ; also of Forced Fruits at the London exhibitions. First-class references. February 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 255 GARDENER (Head) and BAILIFF, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly competent man. — Age 39 ; first-class testimonials as to character, &c. Will be disenga.eed March i.— WILLIAM SMITH, Head Gardener and Bailiff, Nonsuch Park, Cheam, Surrey. ARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and FOR.ESTER. — A Nobleman is desirous of obtaining a situation for a tirst-class Gardener, who is well versed in every branch of Horticultiire, and well-known to the Horticultural Public. Could also undertake the Management of Park, Woods, &c. , having a thorough knowledge of the same. Twelve yeaxs in last situation. Death cause of leaving. Undeniable testimonials can be produced. — T. R. C. , Gardeners' Chrctiicle Office, W. C. GARDENER (Head, WoRKiNG).--Age ^6, married ; understands Greenhouse Plants, Vines. Cucumbers, Melons, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character.— J. J. S., 3, Wildwood Grove, North End, Hampstead. N. i^^ ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 26. VJT Has a thorough knowledge of the profession in all its branches. Can be highly recommended by present and previous employer- — Wife a ftrst-rate Needlewoman. — W. L., Mr. Debron, The Nurseries, West End, Ely. ARDENER (Head, Working), where two or more are kept. — Age 27, married when suited ; understands the Growing of Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables. The highest references can be had from Estab- lishments in England and Ireland. State wages. — J. SCOTT, The Gardens, The Willows, Newton-le- Willows, Lancashire. GARDENER (Head, Working), where one or two more are kept. — Age 28 ; imderstands the Cultivation of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Early and Late Forcing, Grapes. Pines, Peaches, Cucumbers, and Melons, Fruit, Flower, and Kitchen Gardens. Highly recommended. Si.x years' good character.~D., Prince's, Stationer, Surbiton, Surrey. GARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 2,0, married, one child ; is open to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a skilful trustworthy man, experienced in every branch of Horticulture. New Grounds, Modern Flower Gardening, &:c. Good references.— GEORGE WINTER, 8, Lansdowne Terrace, Worcester. ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 34, married ; thoroughly understands Forcing of Vines, Peaches, Pines, Melons, Cucumbers, Cultivation of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen and Flower Gardening : nineteen years' e.vperience. Cause of leaving was breaking up of the establishment. Excellent character. — H. F., ^-^^ Hargrave Road, Upper HoUoway, N. ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 40, married : thorough practical knowledge of the profession in all its branches. Land and Stock if required. Eight years' good character from his present employer. — HENRYDOWNE, iirockly Hali, Brockly. Kent. ARDENER (Head, Working, or Single- HANded).— -Age 30. married ; understands Early and Late Forcing, Kitchen and Flower Garden. Fifteen years' experience.— gardener, 13, Edge Street, Kensington, S.W. ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 32, married ; well up in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Pines, Vines, Peaches, Melons, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. — E. H.. 29. Swanmore Road, Ryde, Isle of Wight. ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 41, married ; thoroughly understands the profession in all its branches. Twenty-six years' experience, excellent character, and an abstainer. State wages, &c. — G. L., Capel Road Eushey, Watford, Herts. GARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 32, married, no family ; thoroughly practical in Early and Late Forcing, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Three years' excellent character. Total abstainer.— GARDENER, Garrick's Villa, Hampton. Middlesex. ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 27, single ; understands Forcing Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character from present situation. — H. G., 3, Brighton Road, Croydon. (^RDENER (Head, Working), where VJ three or more are kept.— Age 30. married, one child. Thoroughly understands Gardening in all its branches. — B. R Mr. Perks, Parl< Road. Forest Hill, Sydenham, S.E. GARDENER and^^BAILIFF ^in one ; age 43 : Scotch.— A Lady wishes to recommend a thorough pratical Gardener in all branches of the profession, and having also had many years' experience in the management of Land and Stock. Wife a good Dairywoman and Poultry rearer. — C. B., Chobham Place. Bagshot, Surrey. GARDENER, where assistance is given. — Age 34, married ; thoroughly understands the Cultiva- tion and Forcmg of all kmds of Fruit, Flowers, and Vesetabjes. Well recommended, being practical, competent, an^ trust- worlhy Christian principles.— .\,, 55, Warren Road, Croydon. ARDENER.— Aged 33, married ; under- stands Vines, Melons. Cucumbers. Flower and Kitchen Garden, IVo years' good character.— F. W., ii, Lowfield Road Ki. bum Rise. Middlesex. ' r:j.ARDENER (good Single-handed, or V^ where assistance is given).— Middle-aged ; twenty-five years experience in the work. Vines, Cucumbers, Melons, Conservatory and Greenhouse Plants. Respectaljle character — W. v.. 2, Elm Place, Axe Street. Barking. E. (^ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age ig ; V--" twelvemonths'character.-J. SHERWOOD, I Cobden rerrace.J^nterburyRoad.^tansteadJload, Forest Hill, S.E. /^ARDENER (Second, or Single-handed)T \r —A Gentleman wishes to recommend a very respect- able young Man as above. Six years in present situation.- Ji.. G. b., Healtneld, Ringwood, Hants. (^RDE NEin;SECOND).— Good knowledge \Z^. p/'r^'-t"^''™^' J""' Cucumbers, Stove and Green- house Plants, &c. Good character. — 2, Berkley Sauare Coventry Road, Small Heath, Birmingham. ^ ^ ' GARDENER (SECOND, or under a good Foreman in a large establishment).— Age 23. Can be well recommended.— G. MILDON, The Gardens, Froyle Park, Alton, Hants. GARDENER (Second or Third), in a Gentleman's establishment.— Age 20 ; three and a-half years' e.\perience,— J. S., Ridge Gardens, Wootton-under-edge, Gloucestershire. ARDENER (Under).— Age 24, single ; ten years' experience in good establishment. Good character. Bothy preferred.— R. A., Nunthorpe Hall Gardens. Northallerton, Yorkshire. GARDENER (Under), where three or more are kept. — Age 21. Good character. — Address, stating wages, to R. W., 119, Knotty Ash, Liverpool. GARDENER (Under), where two or three are kept. — Age 21. Good character. Please state wages.— A. B., 42, Upper George Street, East Greenwich, Kent. ARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's establishment. — A Gardener can recommend a very steady young man, age i8, as assistant under glass, &c.— The GARDENER, Stonor, Henley-on-Thames. ARDENER (Under), in a large place, in and out of houses. — Age 19 ; bothy preferred. Three years' good character.— G. HALL, Itchel Lane, Crondall, Hants. G GARDENER (Under) or IMPROVER.— ^ Good character.— J. DAVIS, 2, Berwick Cottages, Worepole Road, Isleworth, Middlesex. "POREMAN, in a Gentleman's Garden.— J- Age 27, single. Twelve years' experience in good situations.— J. C. B., 2, Laburnum Place, Bellin Street, Edgbaston, Birmingham. "POREMAN, or good JOURNEYMAN, in J- private Establishment.- Age 24 ; near London preferred. Ten years' thorough experience. Good recommendations.— Apply, stating wages, &c., J. G., 4, Martindale Road, Balham, S.W. XpOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, and SALES- -L MAN.— Age 28; thorough knowledge of Culture In and Outdoor, Decorating. S:c. Over two years in present situa- tion. Excellent testimonials as to integrity, enefy, and capa- bility.— W. S., 86. East Street. Sittingboiirne, Kent. "POREMAN, in a good establishment. -*- — Age 25 ; ten- years' experience. Good character. — G. TAVLOR, Woodburn Gardens, Darlington. TpOREMAN (General, Indoors), where a J- good supply ot Cut Flowers is required ; successful pro- pagator. Satisfactory references.— A. B., Post-office, Hendon London, N.W. "TpOREMAN.— jAMBS Corbett, late Fore- -L man to Sir George Elliot, Bart, M.P., is open for re- engagement. Well up in Pines. Vines, Orchids, &c. Excellent references. — JAMES CORBETT, Fair Lawn, Lytham Lancashire. ' /^ENERAL FOREMAN (Outdoor), in a V^ Nursery.— Age 24 ; good experience. Satisfactory refer- ences c.an be given.-jAMES ROBERTSON, Newton Nurseries, Chester. /^ROWER, where Stove and Greenhouse V-' Plants are Grown for Market, or ASSIST in the same — Good reference.— A. B., Gloucester Lodge, North End West Kensington, W. PROPAGATOR and PLANT~C;R0WER -L (Indoors), also good BOUQUET MAKER. Good references.— J. C, Kells Place, Stanwix, Carlisle. PROPAGATOR.— Well up in Conifers, J- Rhododendrons, Clematis, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. First-class references to two of the leading nurseries — R. G. , Post-otfice, Knap Hill, Woking, Surrey. To Nurserymen andlFlorists. PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Soft- er , ^°,°d=d and Bedding Stuffs, Herbaceous and Alpine Market Plants, Cut Flowers, &c. Middle-aged, strictly sober attentive, and industrious. Over thirty years in the trade' indoor and out. Will be found a thoroughly useful man for small place, city or provincial. Reference good, and terms to suit the times —FLORIST, i, Hightown, Hereford. PROPAGATOR for Soft-wood, and PLANT J- GROWER.— Understands Roses; five and a-half years' HAvfnr/' "i5 Nurseries, Salisbury. Good reference.- HAYLOCK. I, Home Place, Eastgate, Peterborough. 'yo NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS — -*- Wanted a situation in a Market Nursery where plants are grown for Covent Garden. -WALTER WILLIAMSON East Wickham Lane, Welling, Kent. JOURNEYMAN, in tlie Houses, in a good rj Establishment. -Age 27 ; good character from previous employer.-J.W., 33, Barnby Terrace, Newark, Notts. JOU^NEYMAN^lnVG^ritoT^n^rG^^^iir Meich";t\\\^t6aS:ns%::'Ly!s:."''='-^-^^^^^^' TOURNEYMANrhTlhr Houses, in a good ^-^ establishment.— Age 24 : Pood rhTrin^r P^.i, JOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's Gard^i^ r ,. ^S=,=,4-r«P"table: bothy preferred.-J. K., ?, Victoria Cottages, Yiew£ey, U^bridge, Middlesex. * ^' *^"='°"=' To Noblemen andGentlemen. B 1^1^^.^^^°'"^''''^') > "wrried-Wanted, Garden'^]: ^^Tt^^"EK^ ^ L.^^J^da^d? M^=p" \f^T^tAX:^^ ll- ^:r^ permitted'to^^: IMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentle- man's Establishment, under Glass. — Age ig. Three years' good character from present employer. Please state wages given. Bothy preferred. — J. L., 13, Elizabeth Place, Rock- hampton, Surrey. JMPROVER in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's -A- Garden.— Age 19 ; good character.— T. G., Old Rectory Gardens, Ascot, Berks. To GSirdeners JMPROVER.— Age 23.— ^'m Premium will J- be given by the Advertiser to any Gardener who will take him for a term of two years ; where several are kept preferred. Has been in a large establishment before. Good character. — State particulars to A. Z , General Post-office, Gravesend. JMPROVER.— Edward Gandy, Gardener J- to the Earl of Northbrook, would be glad to recommend a young man to serve in the Houses in a large garden, under a good Foreman. Three years' excellent character. — E. GANDY, Stratton Park. Micheldever Station. Hants. TMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentle- -L man's Garden, where he can acquire a knowledge of Indoor and Outdoor Gardening. — Age 22. One year and five months' good character.— J. E., 62, Forest Road, Dalston, E. To Nurserymen and Seedsmen. SHOPMAN (Head), or to MANAGE a Seed Business (also thorough knowledge of Book-keep- ing) ; great e.\perience— upwards of twenty years at Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale, W. Highest references as to ability, stability, and integrity.— A. I. JONES, 6, Blenheim Villas, Abbey Road, St. John's Wood, London, N.W. To tlie Seed Trade. TRAVELLER or MANAGER in a house of good standing. — Age 28 ; thorough practical experience and knowledge of the trade in all branches. Unexceptionable references from the first houses. — Address, with full particulars X., 9, Banbury Road, South Hackney, London. To Nurserymen and Florists. QALESMAN, or GENERAL ASSISTANT. ^^ Twelve years' good practical experience. Good Penman. Good references.— G. L., 14, Percy Terrace, Shakespeare Road. Heme Hill, S.E. AINTER and GLAZIER, in a large Nursery ; also used to Fitting and Setting Boilers. Four- teen years' good character. — A. Z, , ig, Gwynne Road, Old Battersea, S.W. COWMAN.— Age 35, three children. Can manage a Gentleman's place. Wife can manage Dairy and Poultry, if required. Nme years in last situation. — J. MASON, Shortlands, Bromley, Kent. ELAZENBY AND SON'S PICKLES, • SAUCES, and CONDIMENTS.-E. LA2ENBY AND SON, sole proprietors of the celebrated recipes, and manufacturers of the pickles, sauces, and condiments so long and favourably distinguished by the name, beg to remind the public that every article prepared by them is guaranteed as entirely imadulterated. — g-z, Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square (late 6. Edward Street, Portman Square), and 18, Trinity Street, London, S.E. HARVEY'S SAUCE.— CAUTION.— The admirers of this celebrated sauee are particularly requested to observe that each bottle prepared by E. LAZENBY AND SON bears the label, used so many years, signed '^Elizabeth Lnzeiihy." J^INAHAN'S LL WHISKY. KINAHAN'S LL WHISKY. Pure, Mild and Mellow, Delicious and Most Wholesome. Universally recommended by the Profession. The Cream of Old Irish Whiskies. KINAHAN'S LL WHISKY. Dr. Hassall says — " Soft and Mellow, Pure, well Matured, and of very excellent quality." KINAHAN'S LL WHISKY. Gold Medal, Paris Exhibition, 187S : Dublin E.vhibition, 1S65, the Gold Medal.— 20, Great Titchfield Street, London, W. E P P 8 ' S GRATEFUL {yanics Epps &= Co., HoDicsopathic Chonisfs.) COMFORTING COCOA. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. The Medical Profession for over Forty Years have approved of this pure solution as the Best Remedy for ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH, HEARTBURN, HEADACHE, GOUT, AND INDIGESTION, and as the safest Aperient for Delicate Constitutions, Ladies, Children, and Infants. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. TTOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS. •^^ —Chest and Stomach Complaints. —The source and centre of almost every ailment is impurity of the blood ; dis- lodge this poison, and disease departs. Holloway's Pills exercise the inestimable power of thoroughly cleansing each component part of the blood, and rendering this fluid fit to perform its im- portant functions. They cope most successfully with chest diseases, stomach complaints, liver disorders, and many other maladies, which were once the besetting dangers of mankind at certain seasons in town and country. The directions for use enable every one to regulate the operation of these Pills with the greatest nicety. Chronic invalids, nervous sufferers, and all whom other treatment has failed to relieve, are respectfully invited to try Holloway's celebrated medicine, which will strengthen and cure them. 256 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 22, 1879. Seedsmen to Seedsmen to H.M. Tlie Queen. SUTTON'S The Prince of Wales. PRIZE MEDAL SEED POTATOS CARRIAGE FREE. A GOOD CHANGE OF SEED OFTEN PREVENTS DISEASE FIRST PRIZE FIRST PRIZE Paris, October 16, J 1878. Paris, October 16, 1878. SUTTON'S COLLECTION OF POTATOS, As shown at the International Potato Exhibition held at the Crystal Palace, September 24 and 25, 1S7S ; and also at the Paris Universal Exhibition, October 16, 1878, when we were awarded the Highest Prize Medal then given. ARATOR (the non de plume of M. JULES GODEFROY, one of the first French horticultural authorities of the day), in an article In "I'Echo Agricole," November, 1878 writes:— "The most striking feature of this Exhibition was, without any doubt, the stand of Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading." AN EXTRAORDINARY CROP of POTATOS— 210 SACKS (of 240 lb.) per Acre of SUTTON'S MAGNUM BONUM. ^^ Clarendon I'illa, No7'embe>; 1S78. " The Magnum Bonum Potatos you supplied me with this year produced a most extraordinary crop, amounting to an average rate of 210 sacks Der acre of 240 lb. per sack, and there ifas not a single diseased one amongst them. ^ ' " Yours faithfully, " ROIST. PHILLOTT." SUTTON'S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF SEED POTATOS GRATIS AND POST-FREE ON APPLICATION. SUTTON & SONS, (The Queen's Seedsmen), READING. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Wellington Street Covent Garden. London W.C Printed by William Richards at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew. & Co.. Lombard Street, Precmct of Whitefnars. Lity of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County -Saturoav February 22, 1879.. , . „, Agent for Manchester— John Hevwood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Menzihs & Co., Edinburgh and Olasgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE fyixhlxBht^ 1841. A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOUENAL OF HORTICULTUEE AM) ALLIED SDEJECTS. No. 270.— Vol. XI. f New ) Series. I SATURDAY. MARCH i, 1879. Registered at the General Post Office as a Newspaper. Price 5d. Post Free, sJi/. CONTENTS. Apple, Baldwin .. .. 275 Apples, French .. .. 275 Araucarias at Feltham, the .. .. .. 277 Bignonia venusta (with cut) . . . . ?74 Broccoli, hardy .. 277 Brusseli Sprouts, the rival .. . . . . 276 Commercial statistics .. 275 Conservatories and snow- falls .. .. .. 274 Covent Garden Flower Market 275 Crassulacea;, inflorei- ! cence of . . .. 274 Cucumber disease, the ,. 277 i Frost, effecis of ihe .. 274 I Familiar gaiden flowers 275 1 Ferns, comparative hardl- 1 ness of . . . . . . 276 Florisls' flowers .. .. 270 Flowers, fusion of two .. 275 Forestry . . . . . . 269 Galanthus nivalis var. Shayluckii . . . 276 1 Gardeners' Royal Bene- volent Institution, the 274 1 Garden operations . . 270 | Grafiing, natural (with I cut) . . .. .. 277 Hebeclinium ianthinum . 275 Hinds, Mr., presentation to 275 ' the Hedges in Russia Hortus EuropKus Insects, injurious Lily of the Valley Market gardens, winter in the . . Massowia and Spathi- phyllum (with cuts) . , Meteorological Society, the Notts, weather in Obituary ,. Odontoglossum aspersum Orchids at Wilton House ,, Mexican, &c. Pines from the A/ores , . Plants, new garden Potato sh5W, the Quickset hedges . . Rabbits barking trees, preventing Rhinopetalum Karelini . Rhodoleia Chanipiont .. Roman Hyacinths Snowdrops, double and single „ in early spring Spathiphyllum lanceola- tum (with cut) Testimonial to Professor Church Weather, the Weights and Measures Act, the .. 274 272 276 274 268 275 277 277 266 27s 2&7 275 266 274 267 275 276 266 IMPORTANT NOT ICE. —Advertisers arc cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials a! Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by tile authorities and returned to the sender. Now Ready, in cloth, 16s., J^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE ■'■ VOLUME for JULY to DECE.MBER, 1878. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. OYAL BOTAN I C SOCIETY, Gardens, Regent's Park. EXHIBITIONS of SPRING FLOWERS, WEDNESDAYS, March 26. April 23. SUMMER EXHIBITIONS, WEDNESDAYS, May, 21, June i8. EVENING FETE, WEDNESDAY, July 2. SCHEDULESof PRIZES, TICKETS, &c.. now being issued. SHROPSHIRE HORTICULTURAL kJ SOCIETY— ROSE SHOW. July, 3; GREAT SUM- MER SHOW, August 20 and 21: CHRVSANTHEMUM and FRUIT SHOW, November 20. Schedules from the Hon. Sees , Messrs. ADNITT and NAUNTON. Shrewsbury. ''FHE KENDAL FLOWER SHOW will be -L held at Kendal on JULY 17 and 18. NURSERY- MEN'S PRIZES, 52 GUINEAS. PRIZES for TABLE DECORATIONS. 21 GUINEAS, and 2S0 other PRIZES. Schedules free on application to D. I. PENNINGTON, ) „ c- JNO. MONKHOUSE. j" "°°- Se«. Kendal.— Feb. 18. 1879. ATEW CATALOGUE for 1S79.— The most -i- ' comprehensive Catalogue issued of reasonably- priced Plants and Seeds of the best quality, and suitable for all who love a Garden or Greenhouse. See last week's large advertise- ment, and wTile for a Catalogue. WM. CLIHRAN AND SON, The Oldfield Nur.senes, Altrincham, Cheshire. "TnTE CHAMPION POTATO.— -L Fine samples, for Seed, of this and other leading kinds. Prices on application to The LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited), i. George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh. pHAMPlON POTATO is acknowledged V-' to be. both in Kent and Scotland, the best Farmer's or I'leld Potato: most reliable in all soils and seasons, and its extended cultivation yearly is most marvellous. Price per ton on application. H. O RMS BY, Swanley, Kent. A To the Trade, &c. SPARAGUS, GIANT. -Splendid Roots for Planting, in immense quantity EWING AND CO.. Norwich. QEAKALE, A.SPARAGUS, and RHUBARB ►^ ROOTS, for forcing: also for planting. For prices apply to r^ V , _H^THORNTON, ■, Maxwell^ Road, Fulham, S.W. OCARLET lUJNmTR" BE A N S "(New \ Engbshj.-For Sale about lo Bushels of the above, in splendid condition. For lowest cash price apply to W, R. HARRISON, High Street, Maidstone. TriTjxT r-TT Mangel Seed. OHN SHARPE is now prepared to make special low offers to the Trade of highly selected Stocks 1878 growth, from exhibition Bulbs. ^eiecieu oiocKs, Bardney Manor, Lincoln. Five /BARTER'S, the PREMIER SEED Gold \_J HOUSE at the PARIS EXHIBITION. Medals, Illustrated Catalogues gratis and post-free. Awarded Pans, Five GOLD MEDALS, including the only Gold 1878. Medal for Grass Seeds. Caution. — No other English Seed House was awarded five Medals at the Paris Exhibition, and the Legion of Honour has not been awarded for Grass Seeds or English Seeds. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London, W.C. OR C H IDS. — Thousands of handsome Orchids in good plants can be supplied, at 3r. bd., %s , and -js. 6d. each. An inspection is invited : or by sending names of those already possessed, a good selection of other kinds will be made. WILLIAM BULL, FL.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. pHEAP ORCHIDS.— Good flowering Bulbs ^^ of Calanthe vestita rubra and Pleionc Wallichii, 185. fier dozen, or £6 per 100, Also a few good plants of Carlogyne cristata. Apply to S. WOOLLEY. Cheshunt. Herts. CREST TREES, Seedling and Trans- planted. — The very extensive itock of the above is this season in splendid condition. CATALOGUES on application. The Lawson Seed and Nursery Company (Limited) Edinburgh. QPRUCE FIRS for Christmas Trees, well yj formed, 2 to 3 feet high, 30J. per 100. RICHARD SMITH and CO," Nurserymen, Worcester. Garden Seeds. (CHARLES TURNER'S Descriptive V>' CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, containing several interesting and valuable novelties. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. Paul's Roses. WM. PAUL AND SON'S stock of ROSES is large, of excellent quality, and uninjured by frost. Standards, 15s. per dozen and upwards ; Dwarfs, 91. per dozen ; Climbers, 6s. per dozen. Priced Descriptive CATALOGUES free by post. Paul's Nurseries, Waliham Cross, N. EW ROSES for 1879.— A selection of the very best only ; the finest plants in the trade; ready in March. LIST gratis, and post-free. Mr. H. BENNETT, Manor Farm, Stapleford, Salisbury. STANDARD ROSES, 3 to 4 feet stems, with pood heads, 75^. per 100. J. IRELAND, The Nurseries, Rawleigh. Barnstaple, Devon. r>OSES. — Standards, £^ per loo ; Half- V Standards, 75^'. per 100 ; on own roots, 75.?. per 100 A LIST of 200 of the best varieties to select from. Trade price on application, H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries, Berkhampstead, Herts. ABIES DOUGLASIL— A quantity of well- grown handsome specimens, transplanted last spring. Special low prices on appUcation to J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries. Merriott. Crewkerne. Seeds of Superior Quality. WM. C U T B U S H AND SON beg to announce that their Illustrated CATALOGUE of Select Vegetable and Flower Seeds, &c., is now ready, and will be forwarded post-free on application. Hiehgate Nurseries. London, N., and Barnet, Herts. JAMAICA DRIED FERNS for SALE.— ?' Recently collected in Jamaica by a skilled collector. Sets consisting of 100 species of Ferns, dried, mounted and scientific- ally named. Price £,1 10s. and ^^3 per 'et. Apply to K. THOMSON. Millerslee, Helensburgh. N.B. pHINA RAFFIA.— Stronger than V^ Madagascar Raffia. We have received a small direct consignment, which we can offer at a very low price. Samples on application. SANDER AND CO.. St. Albans. Gentlemen's Gardeners, Amateurs, and Others REiJUlRING G W ARDEN POTS of best quality, are requested to send their orders to J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare. Price List on application. ANTED, large CALADIUM CORMS, for cash, or in EXCHANGE for Orchids, Lilies, &c. W. F. BOFF, go3. Upper Street, Islinffton, N. To Nurserymen. WANTED, EUONYMUS, AUCUBAS, BAYS. CUPRESSUS MACROCARPA-various sizes. Samples to be sent with price per icoo for cash delivered at Cliftonville siding, Sussex. Address W. WILLETT, Wilbury Road, Hove. ANTED, Green and Purple Globe ARTICHOKES, uninjured by frost. State price to WM. PAUL AND SON. Paul s Nurseries, Waltham Cross, N. WANTED IMMEDIATELY, 2000 or 3000 strong autumn sown CABBAGE PLANTS. Address, GODDARD, care of Mrs. Howard, 91, Elizabeth Street, Eaton Square, London, S.W. Sutton's Seeds, &c.— Paris Exhibition, 1878. SPECIAL HONOUR for REMARKABLE MERIT. The distinguished order of Chevalier of the Legion of Honour was conferred on Mr. RL J. Suttom for the remarkable merit of the exhibits of his firm, and for services rendered to Horticulture and Agriculture. Sutton's Seeds, &c.— Paris Exhibition, 1878. THE SPECIAL DECORATION of the LEGION of HO^f OUR conferred on Mr. M. J. Sutton was the only instance in which this great distinction was conferred on any English Exhibitor of Seeds at the above exhibition. Sutton's Seeds, &;c.— Paris Exhibition, 1878. FIVE PRIZE MEDALS— GOLD and SILVER^were awarded to Sutlon & Sons and their Paris Agent, for Sutton's Home Grown Seeds, &c. SUTl'ON AND SONS, The Queens' Seedsmen, Readlnei Berks. OWNIE AND LAIRD, Royal Winter Gardens, Edinburgh, are now sending out tlieir New Show .and Fancy PANSIES, also VIOLAS, PENTSTE- MONS, PHLOXES, &c., which they warrant all first-class flowers. Older varieties of the above by the loj or looo. Price on application. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Roses, &c. THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, respectfully request the attention of intending planters to their most extensive and superior stock of the above. CATALOGUES on application. Fit for Immediate Worlcing. ROSAMANETTI and R. iMULTIFLORA DE LA GRIKFERAIE, 25s. per 1000, .£10 per 10,000. A. M. C, JONGKINDT CONINCK, Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, near Zwolle, Netherlands. Vines— Vines— Vines. T COWAN, The Vineyard, Garston, near tJ • Liverpool, is now offering a large and splendid stock of strong, short-jointed, and thoroughly ripened GRAPE VINES, suitable for fruiting in pots and planting Vineries. Catalogues free. The Trade supplied. Grapes this Year. FRUITING CANES, perfectly ripened without Eottom-heat. JAMES DICKSON and SONS, Newton Nurseries. Chester. LACK HAMBURGH VINES, and other leading sorts, in Fruiting and Planting Canes ; also a few strong CALADIUMS. fine varieties, suitable for stock. F. R. KINGHORN, Nurseries. Richmond. Surrey. ILIES and GLADIOLI.— For the best list of choice named Lilies and Gladioli, see our Illus- trated GUIDE for AMATEUR GARDENERS, 104 pages imperial size, beautifully illustrated. Gratis and post-tree on application. DANIELS BROS,, Royal Norfolk Seed Establishment, Norwich. Genuine Seeds. JOHN LAING AND CO.'S Annual f' CATALOGUE of Kitchen Garden, Flower and Farm Seeds and Implements, will be sent free to all applicants. Orders above 205. carriage paid. Stanste.ld Park, Forest Hill, London, S.E. CATALOGUES. — His E.KcelIency Pierre Wolkenstein will feel greatly obliged if Nurserymen and Seedsmen will kindly send him their Catalogues. They should be forwarded (by post) to S. E. PIERRE WOLKENSTEIN, Secretaire de la Societe Imperiale d'Horticulture de Russie, St. Petersburg. VAN GEERT, the Continental Nurseries' • Ghent, Belgium. PLANT and SEED CATALOGUES free on application. All orders have careful and prompt attention. London Agents: Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 5, Harp Lane, Great Tower Street. E.G. To the Trade. OSBORN AND SONS can still supply a quantity of Dwarf Maiden PEACHES, NECTARINES and APRICOTS, and a few Standards. Also the following FRUIT TREE STOCKS :-Common, Brussels, and .vjussel Plum, Pear, Paradise and Quince. Prices on application. The Fulham Nurseries, London, S.W. Just published, free on application, a complete DESCRIPTIVE PRICED LIST of our unrivalled Colleciion of Tuberous BEGONIAS. Awarded Gold Medal at South Kensington, and f^irst Prize at Preston.— JOHN LAING and CO., Forest Hill, S.E. Now Ready. "PWING AND COMPANY'S LIST of New ^ ■^ Roses for 1879 is a most select one of the best New English and French varieties. Gratis and post-free to applicants. EWING AND CO., Eaton, near Norwich. Calceolaria, Cineraria, Primula, and Hollyhoclc FAND A. SMITH offer the above, saved • from their unrivalled 5>trains, in is., 2s. td., and 51 packets. Price, per weight, to the Trade on application. The Nurseries, West Dulwich, S.E. 258 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March i, 1879. SALES BY AUCTION, Importations of Orchids and Bulbs from Japan, NEW JERSEY, and other parts. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms 38> King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on MONDAY, March 3. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, an importation of JAPANESE ORCHIDS in fine condition, including Angrxcum falcatum, Calanlhe Sie- boldii, Aerides japonicum and another new Aerides ; 3000 fine bulbs of Lilium Krameri and 10,000 splendid biilbi> of Lilium auratum from Japan ; 5000 splendid roots of Tigridia grandi- flora from New Jersey (sec Coloured Plate in Garden, Feb. 15) : Hardy North American Orchids, a quantity of New Holland dwarf Pitcher-plants, Cephalotus foUicularis, English-grown LUies, Gladioli, Anemones, Ranunculi, &c. , from Holland. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Rare Hardy Plants and Bulbs. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY, March 5. at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, fine lot Standard, Dwarf, Climbing, and other ROSES, consisting of all the best varieties grown ; al^quantity of BEGONIAS, including flowering plants of B.' Frocbelli, a quantity of Hardy CYPRIPEDIUMS, and a large quantity of first-class Hardy PERENNIALS, includ- ing quantities of PRIMULAS, AGAPANTHUS. PYRE- THRUMS, PHLOX, LILIES. CANNA, CAMPANULAS, LYCHNIS, and French IMARGUERITE, and many other first-class plants. On view morning of Sale, aud Catalogues had. Dendroblum superbiens. MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY. March 6, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, some good plants of this magnificent New DENDROBIUM. It produces from fifteen to twenty flowers on a spike, of a bright amethyst-purple colour. The rich hue of the flowers of this Dendrobium, together with its free-blooming character, and the remarkably persistent nature of the blossoms, lasting as they individually do nearly three months, makes it a most desirable species. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent Garden. W.C., on THURSDAY. March 6. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a small COLLECTION ot ESTAH- LISHED ORCHIDS, including some choice things, such as Masdevallia tovarensis, M. trochilus, Oncidium zebrinum, Dendrobium McCarthia:. Cattleya Dowiana, C. Trianas splen- dens, OnciJum superbiens, Ac- ; also some plants of a new and very distinct DENDROBIUM from Torres Straits. DEN- DROBIUM SMILLL-E. introduced for the first time: the racemes of flowers are whitish, tinted with rosy purple and tipped with green ; also some good plants of the new and pretty LEelia-like ARUNDINA BAM BUSyEFOLIA ; also CCELOGYNE CORYMH(.jSA C. GLANDULOSA, C. FLACCIDA. C. CRISTATA. and C OCELLATA. These white-flowered, sweet-scented Ca;logynes are most useful where cut flowers are required, or for general decorative purposes. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Importation from tlie Cape. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on FRIDAY, March 7, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, an Importation from the Cape, consisting of several species of PELARGONIUMS. OXALIS. H/EMAN- THUS, ERUNSVIGIA, AMARYLLIS, &c. : a Collection of English-grown LILIES, consisting of Brownii, pardalinum, gigaiiteum. and many other first-class varieties ; also Border PERENNIALS, consisting of Spiraea palmata, Senecio pulcher, Wahlenbergia; Ins, seedling varieties of pumila ; new Primula from Kashmir, Orchis foliosa, Polygonatum giganteum, Cypripedium spectabile. Begonia Fra;belli in flower, Veitchii, rosaeflora, and other vatieties ; Calceolus, and many other first- class plants. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Lilies, Fruit Trees, Roses, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on SATURDAY, March 8. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, FRUIT TREES of various sorts ; Standard, Dwarf. Moss, and Climbing ROSES; Hardy BULBS. &c.: a quantity of Agapanthus, Begonias, and other good Conservatory Plants; LILIUM AURATUM, KRA- MER!, and other first-class varieties, and a large quantity of first-class Hardy Perennials, consisting of Hemerocallis, Primulas, Phloxes, Pyrethrums, Iris, Paeony, Delphiniums, Geum, Campanula. Viola, Lychnis, and many others, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Imported and Flowering Orchids. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Messrs. J. Backhouse & Son, of York, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY, March 10, at half past 12 o'CIock precisely, a valuable Collection of Imported and Flowering ORCHIDS, comprising fine plants of the newly reintroduced Odontoglossum Londesboroughianum, which bears large and showy fine yellow flowers, heavily and richly barred with con- centric bars of crimson ; Epidendrum nemorale, grand masses, the finest ever offered; E. vitellinum majus, also very fine masses ; Larlia peduncularis and Cypripedium Irapeanum, both very rare and beautiful. Amongst the Flowering Orchids will be found well grown plants of Odontoglossum vexillarium, exceedingly strong and promising ; Bollea co^lestis, Disa grandiflora. Cattleya Trianae tyrianthina, a variety of great beauty ; Dendrobium Wardiauum, Masdevallia Bella, and several plants of the true TrichopiHa fragrans, with pure wliite sweet-scented flowers ; Odontoglossum Phala;nopsis, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Important Sale of about 200 choice Double Camellias, 2 to 4 feet. English-grown, beautifully set with bloom-buds, and in perfect health ; choice AZALEA INDICA. a superli assortment of 500 handsome Standard ROSES, selected FRUIT TREES, Hardy CONIFERS. SHRUBS, and AMERICAN PLANTS, with some ERICAS, EPACRIS, and other GREENHOUSE PLANTS. DAHLIAS. LILIUMS. &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City Auction Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C., on TUESDAY, March 4, at 12 o'CIock precisely. On view the morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.G. Tooting. S.W. Important to Gentlemen making Plantations, Builders, Nurserymen, and others, MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS are instructed by Mr. R. Parker to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Exotic Nursery, on WEDNES- DAY, March s, at 12 o'CIock precisely, a large quantity of remarkably well-grown young NURSERY STOCK, in excel- lent condition for removal, comprising several thousands of choice Evergreen and Conifera; Shrubs for Borders, including handsome specimens. Ornamental and Forest Trees in splendid assortment, fine bearing Fruit Trees, Roses, Creepers, &c., together with miscellaneous Greenhouse and Stove Plants in variety. May be viewed. Catalogues obtained on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.G. The Nursery, Leigbam Court Road, Streatham, S.E. FINAL CLEARANCE SALE.— Expiration of Lease. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. G. Clark to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, on FRIDAY, March 7, at 12 o'CIock punctu- ally, the whole of the well-grown NURSERY STOCK, in capital condition for removal, comprising magnificent Arau- carias. Deodars, fine common and Portugal Laurels, Box, Green Hollies, Aucubas, and other Evergreens, Fruiting Apples and Pears, Heavy CART, small Rick of HAY, and other effects. M,ay be viewed. Catalogues of Mr. J. NEVILLE, on the Premises : and ot the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.G., and Leytonstone, E. Lea Bridge Road Nurseries. Leyton, E. PEREMPTORY CLEARANCE SALE, the Land having to be sui rendered for Building purposes. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. John Eraser to SELL by AUC- TION, without reserve, on the Premises, as above, on MON- DAY, March 10, at 12 o'CIock punctually, several thousands of Ornamental and Flowering TREES, Evergreen and Flowering SHRUBS, Stand.ard, Pyramid, and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES, with about 2000 very fine Standard ROSES, arranged in lots to suit large as well as small buyers. May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E. C. ; and Leyton- stone. E. N.B. Trains leave Liverpool Street for James Street Railway Station (which is within a few minutes' walk of the Nursery) every half hour. Ascot, Berks. Important Four Days' Sale of remarkably well-grown NUR- SERY STOCK, in splendid condition for removal, offering a grand opportunity to Gentlemen, Builders, Nurserymen, and others largely engaged in planting. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. Standish & Co. to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Royal Nurseries, Ascot, Berks (one mile from the Ascot Railway Station), on TUESDAY, March 11, and three following days, at n for 13 o'clock precisely each dav, several acres of remarkably well- grown NURSERY STOCK, including 10,000 Border Shrubs, consisting of the choicest Evergreens and Conifers in cul- tivation ; also planted in quarters, 12,000 Common Laurels, I to 4 feet ; 2000 improved kinds ; 8000 Cupressus Lawsoniana. a to 5 feet, including four of the best varieties ; 5000 Variegated and Hybrid Hollies ; 6000 Common Hollies ; 8000 Retinosporas, i to ;^ feet, pretty stuff for potting ; 3000 Aucubas, 2000 Euonymus, 5000 Thujas and Piceas of sorts : 6500 hybrid and pontica Rhododendrons, and thousands of other Shrubs ; 10,000 Larch, 5000 Spanish Chestnuts, lo.ooa Spruce Firs, 8000 Austrian and Laricio Pines, 6000 Scotch Firs, 500 Planes, 6 to 8 feet : and other Forest and Ornamental trees ; 3000 Standard and Pyramid Fruit-trees, 2000 St.indard Roses, 1000 Tea Roses in pots, together with a choice assortment of Pot Plants. The Stock may be viewed at any time prior to the Sale. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers. Estate Agents and Valuers, 98, Gracechurch Street, London, E.G., and Leytonstone, E. Refreshments provided for purchasers. Taunton. Somerset. FINAL CLEARANCE SALE.—Land Sold for Building. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, by order of Mr. Wm. Hockin, on the Premises, the Nurseries, Taunton, on TUES- DAY and WEDNESDAY, March 11 and 12, at 12 o'CIock precisely each day, the remaining NURSERY STOCK, inrluding 3000 Fruit Trees, thousands of Laurels and other useful shrubs, Standard and Dwarf Roses, Stove and Green- house Plants, 2000 Bedding Geraniums, looo Calceolarias, Lily of the Valley, Liliums and Ferns ; together with the erections of four GREENHOUSES, quantity of Garden FRAMES, Hot-water PIPING and Utensils, and numerous effects. Maybe viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.G. Tottenliam, N. PEREMPTORY CLEARANCE SALE on land taken by the Great Eastern Railway from Mr. T. S. Ware, MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, on the east side of the line and close to the Tottenham Railw:iy (Station, without reserve, on TUESDAY, March i8, at 12 o'CIock precisely, a large assortment of CONIFERjE and EVERGREEN SHRUBS, quantities of Standard and Dwarf ROSES, FRUIT TREES, &c. May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of he Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. Tooting, S.W. PRELIMINARY NOTICE. In Liquidation. — Kc William RoUison & Sons. FINAL CLEARANCE SALE of PLANTS, toijether with the SHOP FIXTURES .and UTENSILS in TRADE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS .are instructed by the Trustee to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nurseries, Tooting, S.W., on WEDNES- DAY, March 19, and following days, .at 11 for 12 o'CIock pre- cisely, the remaining Stock of choice STOVE and GREEN- HOUSE PL.\NTS, the whole of the extensive collection of HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS in pots, together with the whole of the Utensils in Trade, Shop Fixtures, Loose Frames, and Sashes, Horse, Van, Carts, thousands of Pots, and numerous other effects. Further particulars will appear. FOR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL, a NUR- SERY. SEED, and FLORIST'S BUSINESS (in con- sequence of the ill health of the Propietor), old established, with good connection. For particulars apply to HENRY BAKER, The Nurseries, Atherstone. FOR SALE, by Private Bargain, a NURSERY and SEED BUSINESS. — The Busi- ness of Galloway & Graham, Nurserymen and Seedsmen, carried on at 138, Queen Street, Glasgow, with Nurseries at Old Kilpatrick, is offered for Sale, on account of the death of Mr. Galloway. The Stock at present is valued at ^^1832 gi, t^. The Firm have had a large connection. The Nurseries are " favourably situated, and the Stock is in good condition for a profitable Business being in prospect. — Further inforniation can be obtained on application to the Subscribers, with whom Offers are to be lodged on or before Miirch 12. MOORE AND BROWN, C.A., 128, Hope Street, Glasgow. To Florists, Hothouse Produce Growers, and Others. TO HE LET, AVONDALE VILLA, Queen's Road, Hampton Hill, Middlesex. These Premises are admirably adapted for above businesses, having an acre of Land and three Span-roof Hothouses, showing 3000 feet super of Glass, heated with Deard's Patent Boiler. The house contains eight rooms, and is pleasantly situated. Rent .1^70 per annum. For full particulars apply only to Mr. BRADSHAW BROWN, Auctioneer, 16, London Street, Fenchurch Street. E.C, and Millwall, E. TO BE LET, together or separately, a MARKET GARDEN, FARM, and ORCHARD, with immediate possession, by direction of the Executor : from 50 to 90 acres of Land, with House and Homestead : near Sunbury- on-Thames. Apply to Mr. NIGHTINGALE, Land Agent, High Street, Kingston, Surrey. Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to he DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER conuios full particulars of the above, and can be obtained gratis at 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. Transit Agency for Plants. Seeds, &c. CJ. BLACKITH AND CO. (established • 1822), Cox's and Hammond's Quays, Lower Thames Street. London, S E. — Forwarders to all parts of the world. Horticultural Valuations. MR. EDWIN COOLING, LICENSED Valuer, undertakes the VALUATION of all kinds of HORTICULTURAL PROPERTY. Terms on application. Mile Ash Nurseries, Derby. The Lovely Cape Water Lily, APONOGETON DISTACHYON.— Strong native roots, 14^. and 21J. per dozen, \s. 6d, and 2J*. 6d, each. Price to the trade on application. HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C. UICK, strong, up to 3 feet, also cheap, to clear. 1000 ROSES, choice dwarf, fine plants. 300 PINE, Specimen Austrian. And about jooo CONIFERS, Specimen, and other Trees. WM, GROVE, Nurserymen, Hereford. To Florists and the Trade. CAMELLIAS, Double White, and Red do.; LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY, SPIR-^A JAPONICA. ROSES, White AZALEA, Scarlet GERANIUM, MAIDEN- HAIR FERN. &c. Prices on application. C. WILSON, The Nurseries, Summerhow, Kendal. To the Trade. IRISH IVIES, staked, in pots, strong, 5 to 6 feet, 501. per loo. AUCUBA JAPONICA, 2 to ^H feet, fine bushy plants, splendid foliage, 50^. per 100, for cash with order. Delivered free within 6 miles of nursery. W. FROMOW, Sutton Court Nursery, Turnham Green, London, W. LACK ITALIAN POPLARS, 8 to lo feet, lo to 12 feet, and 12 to 15 feet, stout, well-grown trees, to be sold cheap. Sample and price on appHcation. G. W. PIPER, The Nurseries, Uckfield. ENGLISH OAKS.— Tall straight Standards, 10 feet high, zoj. per 100, £,S 8s. per 1000, for cash. J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. BLACKTHORN for Covert Planting, one million of strong transplanted, los. to 15*. per 1000. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. Dahlia Pot Roots. THOMAS BURY begs to offer the above, in all the leading varieties, at 18s. per loo. Cash with order. The Nurseries, Osbaldeston, near Blackburn. Tfi tlifi Trs-dfi SEED POTATOS.— Our SPECIAL LIST, containing all the best English and American varietie* grown by us tlie past season, may now be had, post-free, on application. H. AND F. SHARPE. Seed Growers, Wisbech. To the Trade. MYATT'S ASHLEAF KIDNEY POT.-XTO —For Sale, a fine even sample of these, quite free trom frost or disease. Price, per ton, on application to W. TAIT AND CO., Seedsmen, Dublin. Q NATIVE SCOTCH FIR, extra strong, and all other FOREST TREES grown in exposed situations. DICRSONS AND CO., Nurserymen and Seedsmen, ', Waterloo Place, Edinburgh. MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA. — Transplanted, 6 to 13 inches, i2j. per 1000 ; i to ij^ foot, aor. per looo. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. T3ASPBERRY CANES.— For Sale, 150,000 J-V Fastolf, at 17s. per 1000, free on rail. Cheque or reference to a London house required with order. R. BATH, Crayford March i, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 259 mm iisi STERLING NOVELTIES. s HARPE'S INVINCIBLE PEA. The finest Blue Marrow Pea in cultivation. Exiraordinary cropper : pods containing 12 to 13 peas. Per Quart, 2J. dd, ; per Half-pint, i.r., post-free. S HARPE'S RAUCEBY HALL MELON. Unequalled for flavour, and abundant cropper. Per Packet, is. 6d. SHARPENS CONQUEROR LONG-POD BEAN. As an exhibition variety unexcelled ; pods 12 to 14 inches lon^. Per Pint, 2s. 6d. S HARPE'S EMPEROR RED BEET. The perfection of Red Beet, either for beddinfif or culinary purposes. Per Packet, is. s s HARPE'S PRIZE WHITE SPANISH ONION. There is nothing finer in White Spanish Onions than this variety. For exhibition it has no equal. Per Packet, is. HARPE'S LINCOLN GREEN PARSLEY. Deep green, well curled, and not affected by hot weather. Per Packet, id. All sent Free by Post, except Peas. PRICE TO THE TRADE ON APPLICATION. Catalogues Post-free. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED MERCHANTS AND GROWERS, SLEAFORD. EDELWEISS. (GNAPHALIUM LEONTOPODIUM, Jacq ) nHARLES SHARPE and CO. v^ hf^.'ns received a small supply of Seed of the above hltle Alpine Plant with woolly silvery-white bracts, can offer Packets post-free at is. U. each. Its cultivation presents no dilUculty, and full instructions will be sent with each packet s s s HARPE'S extra choice CALCEOLARIA. Per Packet, zi. 6d. HARPE'S extra choice CINERARIA. Per Packet, 2J. id. HARPE'S extra choice PRIMULA SINENSIS. Red, White and Mixed _,, , I'er Packet, is. 6d. ^hese three varieties of Florist's Flowers are the rinest ever offered, having been carefully selected tor years and grown specially for us. FREE BY POST. ^ PARIS EXHIBITION, 1878. The Medals of Paris for Vegetable and Flower Seeds. EXCELLENCE COMBINED WITH ECONOMY. HOME-GROWN YE&ETABLE SEEDS. PEAS. WEBB'S TRIUMPH PEA (NeivV— A wrinkled marrow of fine flavour, very prolific, the be^t for main crop. Pcriiii.ui, 3J. td. PEAS. WEBB'S PERFECTION.— The earliest and most prolific. Per quart, \s. td. BEANS. WEBB'S VICTORIA DWARF FRENCH. -A splendid variety, remarkably prulilk and uf dwarf compact habit. Per quart, -zs, 6d, BEET. WEBB'S UrPROVED DARK RED.— Excellent for the table. Splendid colour, very tender, and of delicious flavour. Per ounce, 1^. 6d. BROCCOLI. ■WEBB'S CHAMPK)N.-The finest variety grown; should be in every garden. Per packet, i.r. BRUSSELS SPROUTS. WEBB'S M ATCHLESS.-A most excellent variety— unsur- passed. Per packet, 6d. and i^. CABBAGE. WEBB'S EMPEROR. -The best for general use. Very hardy and early, with close, compact heads. Per ounce, u. CAULIFLOWER. WEBB'S EARLY MAMMOTH.-The best for main crop; heads large, firm, and beautifully white. Per packet, is. CELERY. WEBB'S MAMMOTH RED.— The hardiest Celery in com- merce. A very large variety, of excellent flavour. Per pkt., u. CUCUMBER. WEBB'S PERPETUAL BEARER.— Very free bearer, fruit large, handsome, and of delicate flavour. Per packet, is. Cd. LETTUCE, WEBB'S SUMMERHILL CABBAGE.— The best summer Lettuce that can be grown. It folds in quickly and is of excellent flavour. Per packet, (td. and is. MELON. WEBB'S WOODFIELD.— An exquisite Kreen-flcshed variety. Per packet, is. td. POTATOS. WEBB'S IMPROVED SCHOOLMASTER.— A splendid new round variety, great cropper, of excellent flavour. Per peck, 6s. : per bushel, lis. RADISH. WEBB'S EARLY FRAME. — The best early kind for forcing. Per ounce, ^d. ; per pint, is. gd. For full Particulars, and of other Varieties, see ^VEBB'S SPRING CATALOGUE For 1879. Poat-free Is. Gratis to Cuatomora. THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, Wordsley, Stourbridge. DANIELS BROS; "DUKE OF EDINBURGH" CUCUMBER. " The finest in Cultivation}' DANIELS BROS.' "Duke of Edinburgh" Cucumber. Per Packet., \s. 6d. and ^s. dd. Trade price on application. A magnificent v.iriety, of a fine robust constitution ; its fruit growing rapidly to the lengtli of 30 to 36 inches, being at the same time of the most beautiful proportions and splendid quality. Immensely prolific, and unrivalled for exhibition or general use. l^NiliiilRO:; w J. Seed GroweFs I. Nurserymen., Gmmmmmmm. 5iiiiSoRWi0.b-. rm 26o THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March i, 1879. H HOOPER'S ROUND WHITE POTATO. Price 351. per bushel, loi 64 to 2 feet, lis. .SYCAMORE, lii to 2 feet, 15s.; 8 to 10 feet, 200J. WILLOW, Bitter, 2 to 3 feet, 20i. ; 2-yr., 81. ,. Huntingdon, 3 to 4 feet, 25^.; 2-yr., is. BROOM and GORSE. i-yr., 2s.; 2-yr., 3s.; 3-yr., 51. DOGWOOD. Red. 2 to 3 feet, 6os.\ 3 to 4 feet, ^os. FLOWERING SHRUBS, good variety, 201. 10401. LAUREL, Portugal, i to 1% foot, 50^.; i]/i to 2 feet, -jos. IVIES, in sorts, 201. COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA, 201. PERNETTYA, 2-yr., 121. JUNIPER, Transplanted, 25.^. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, 1 to 1% foot, 140J.: 3 to 6 inches, transplanted, 2aJ.: 2-yr., 45.; 3-yr., 6s. YEWS, 6 to 9 inches, 50s. ; 9 to 15 inches, 70s. ARBOR-VITyE, 4 io 6 feet, 801. BERBERIS DARWINII and DULCIS, 70s. BOX, Tree, i J^ to 2 feet, iocs, : 2 to 3 feet, 120s. RHODODENDRON FERRUGINEUM, loos.; and HIR- SUTUM, 80s. WHIN, Double, transplanted, loos.; 2 yr., 50s. Per 100. CEDRUS DEODARA, i"-, to 2 feet, 80s.: 2 to 3 feet, i2ov. CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS, i to iK foot, 15s.; I'yi to 2 feet. 25s.: 2 to 3 feet, 35s. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 2 to 3 feet, 20s.; 3 to 4 feet, 25s. ; 4 to 5 feet, 50s. MEZEREON, Red, i to i"^ foot, 12s. LAUREL, Caucasian, 1% to 2 feet, 2os. OAK, Fulham, 6 to 8 feet, 25s. „ Scarlet. 6 to 8 feet, 40s. PINUS CEMBRA, 4 to 6 feet, 40s. THUJOPSIS BUREAUS, I to i^ foot, 40s.; ij^ to 2 feet, 50s. : 2 to 3 feet. 65s. : 3 to 4 feet, loos. HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS, 100 distinct varieties, 251. NARCISSUS and SCILLAS. in sorts, 8s. per bushel, &c. pABBAGE PLANTS, SEEDS, ROOTS, ^^ &c. — Finest Selected Stock of all kinds, for the Farm or Garden. Largest and Best Stock in the Kingdom. " Gee's superior Bedfordshire-grown plants and seeds have attained much celebrity." — " The soils of the district offer facilities enjoyed at few places for bringing away plants, seeds roots, S:c., and under the skill and perseverance of Mr. F. Gee they are turned to good account." — I'idc Opinions of the Press. Large Cash buyers treated v/ith on the most liberal and advantageous terms. 1879 Select CATALOGUE, also Special Trade LIST, may be had on application to FREDERICK GEE, Wholesale and Retail Seed and Plant Grower. Seed Merchant, and Nurseryman, Biggleswade, Beds. O THE TRADE.— PEARS, Williams" Bon Chretien and Hessell, Standards, 7SS. per 100 : PLUMS, Maiden Victoria, suitable for training, 35s, per 100 : Victoria, Dwarf-trained, 140S. per 100; CHERRIES, Standard, 75s. per 100 ; also trained PEACHES. APRICOTS, and APPLES. CATALOGUES on application to WILLIAM FLETCHER, Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey. Special Offer. GEORGE FARNSWURTH has to offer large quantities of the following, which are good and well rooted : — ALDER, 2 to 4 feet, 27.1. 6d. per 1000. ARBOR-VIT/E, American, 2-yr, seedling, io.r. per 1000. ASH, Mountain, j-yr. seedling, 3,^. per 1000 ; 3 to 5 feet, 25^. per 1000. ,. Common, 2 to 3 feet, 20f. per 1000. BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, 2-yr. seedlings, 5^. per 1000 ; i-yr. seedling and i-yr. bedded, loj. per 1000 ; 15 inches to 2 feet, bushy, 40,1. per 1000. COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA, i-yr. cuttings, 20*. per 1000. WHIN or GORSE, Double, i-yr. cuttings, 60s. per 1000; I-yr. and i-yr. transplanted, 12s. per 100. HOLLY. Common, g to 15 inches. looj. per 1000; 12 to 18 inches, 130,1. per 1000 ; i^ to 2 feet, 2405. per 1000. IVY, Irish, i-yr. cuttings, ^os. per 1000. LAUREL, Common, fine, i-yr. cuttings, 10s. per 1000; 15 inches to 2 feet, 70J. per 1000. ,, Portugal, 3 to 4 feet, very bushy, qs. per dozen. LIMES, 2-yr. layers, i-yr. transplanted, 2% to 5 feet, 8oi. per 1000 ; 4 to 6 feet, i2.r. per 100 ; 6 to 8 feet, 20s. per 100. LARCH, twice transplanted. 1% to ■2'%, feet, 22^. 6d. per 1000. POPLAR, Balsam, 2^ to 5 feet, 30,1. per 1000. ,, Black Italian, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per looo. PRIVET, oval-leaved, twice transplanted, 1% to 2 feet, 501. per 1000. RHODODENDRONS, 3-yr. seedling, 5J. per loco : 3-yr. and 2-yr. bedded, 20s. per 1000 ; 6 to 10 inches, extra trans- planted, 70J. per 1000 ; I to iH foot, 130J. per looo. ,, ferrugineum. bushy, 155-. per 100. .. hirsutum, bushy, 15.;. per 100. SPRUCE FIR. iJ4 to 2 feet. 25.1. per 1000. Also other NURSERY STOCK as per LIST. Samples on application at The Nurseries, Matlock. H. LANE & SON HAVE TO OFFER A SPLENDID LOT OF NAMED RHODODENDRONS WELL SET WITH FLOWER BUDS At very Moderate Prices. Also the followmg, wonderfidly clicap, quite safe for transplanting: — ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA, 12 feet to 17 feet. THUJA LOBBII, 3 feet to iSfeet. „ GIGANTEA, 3feet to lofeet. THUJOPSIS ItOREALIS, 8 feet to 15 feet. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 4 feet to 18 feet. „ „ ERECTA VIRIDIS, 2feetto6feet. CEDRUS DEODARA, 3 ftet to 8 feet. CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS, 2 feet to 6 feet. YEWS, Irish, 6 feet to 8 feet. WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA, 2 feet to 10 feet. PICEA NOBILIS, 2 feet to 9 feet. „ NORDMANNIANA, 3 feet to 13 feet. ,, I'INSAPO, 3 feet to 6 feet. HOLLIES, Variegated, in variety, 2 feet to 7 feet. LAURELS, Common and Caucasicum, 2 feet to 4 feet. ,, Standard Portugal, 4 feet to 6 feet stems. HAWTHORNS, Standard. LIMES, Standard, &c. Also a fine lot of well-grown Standard, Pyramidal, and Trained FRUIT TREES, in great variety, ROSES, &c, CATALOGUE FREE ON APPLICATION. THE NURSERIES, BERKHAMPSTEAD, HERTS. TO THE TRADE SEED POTATOS for cultivation in the FIELD or GARDEN. H. & F. Sharpe Have a very fine Stock of all the following ENGLISH varieties of SEED POTATOS, which hold their own against most of the American and English varieties of recent introduction, being far superior in quality and very productive : — RIVERS' ROYAL ASHLEAF KIDNEY, MYATT'S PROLIFIC ASHLEAF KIDNEY, ROBSON'S CHALLENGE ROUND, EARLY DALMAHOY ROUND, RINTOUL'S WHITE DON, WALKER'S IMPROVED REGENT, EARLY ROUND FRAME, DRUMMOND'S EARLY PROLIHC, EARLY O.Xl'ORD, EARLY FOXES SEEDLING. EARLY KING. EARLY FLOURBALL. H. For Prices and further particulars apply to & F. SHARPE, SEED-GROWERS, WISBECH. March i. 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 263 CATTLEYA MENDELII, C. GI6A8, 0D0NT0GL088UM ALEXANDR/E, 0. PE8CAT0REI, O. TRIUMPHANS, O. PHAL/CNOPSIS, &c.; ONCIDIUMS of Sorts, &c. ; And a quantity of other beautiful ORCHIDS, chiefly for Cool Culture- Before ordering, see THE NEW PLANT AND BULB COMPANY'S LIST. N.B.— These Plants come from our own Collectors, and can be supplied either from a recent importation very cheaply, or semi-established from last year's importations. LION WALK, COLCHESTER. NOW READY, GRATIS AND POST-FREE, Dick Radclyffe & Co.'s pm zeMed/^jal Seeds. ILLUSTRATED Mii«^« VEGETABLE, FLOWER, CATALOGUE i^^^^tj^^H'Lfh agricultural SEEDS, OF CONTAINING ALL THE NOVELTIES OF THE SEASON. D. R. & C0;8 C0LLECT10N8 OF VEGETABLE 8EED8. Judiciously selected, and only approved kinds included. For detailed list of contents see Catalogue. ^ j No. I contains a Season's supply in sufficient quantities for a very large Garden 63 o No. 2 „ „ „ „ large Garden 42 o No. 3 „ „ „ „ medium-sized Garden ... 21 o No. 4 „ „ „ „ small Garden 10 6 Discount, packing, and carriage free, as per terras of Catalogue. FLOWER SEEDS, in Collections, \is., 2\s., \os. 6d., and 5^-. each, post-free. DICK RADCLYFFE & CO., 128 and 129, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C. THE LAYING DOWN OF LAND FOR PA8TURE. AGROSTOGRAPHIA, THE BEST TREATISE on the CULTIVATED GRASSES NEW EDITION WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. MAY BE HAD OF THE LAWSON SEED AND NURSERY COMPANY (LIMITED), EDINBUEGH AND LONDON. TREE FERNS and PALMS. THE LARGEST AND BEST STOCK IN EUROPE. ALSO MANY OTHER MAGNIFICENT SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, Adapted for the Decoration of Conservatories and Greenliousea, or suited for Sub-tropical Gardening. V/ I L L I A M BULL, F.L.S., Respectfully Invites tlie Nobility and Gentry to an inspection of the above. ESTABLISHMENT FOR NEW AND RARE PLANTS, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. Vecetable^FlowerSeeds Seed PoiAiosTooisac JAMESDICKSON&SONS IOSEastgatcSt.Ij mm Ai jm THE ROYAL NORFOLK S E E D E STABL I SH MENT EST9 l8<}f. SEED POTATOS. SPECIAL OFFEK. Ill I Cwl. Bags. Per Cwl. - NAPOLEON, Rough Red CHAMPION OF THE WORLD MAGNUM BONUM (SUTTON'S) MYATT'S ASHLEAF TRUE OLD ASHLEAF FLUKE EARLY ROSE IMPROVED PEACHBLOW REDSKIN FLOURBALL PATERSON'S VICTORIA KING NOBLE Fiz!e hundrsd other lands in sl:ck. No charge for bags. Free on rail, Norwich, on receipt of I office Order or Cheque. Much cheaper by the ton. DANIELS BROS. COLLECTIONS Of these Superior SEEDS From lOs. 6d. to Five Guineas each. Carriage free. lUtistrafcd Lists free. LEICESTER RED CELERY, u. per packet. The best and hardiest in cultivation. yiist received. Testimonial from Jas. Wathali., Long Eaton. Feb. iS, 1S79. "I had the best Celery (Leicester Red) in the whole town last year, from your seed, and the best I ever had in my possession." Testimo^tial frov! H. J. Greenhough, Esq., Mansfield, January 10, 1S79. " It is the best Celery I can obtain." HARRISON & SONS, SEED GROWERS, LEICESTER. WM. PAUL & SON, ;» ,^ -'^N if (Successors to the late A. Paul & Son, T\ -<^^-r^>^/-^- Established 1806,) ROSE GROWERS, TREE, PLANT, BULB, AND .i.:,.^,-*:>;' //• SEED IMERCHANTS. ,) ;- =^S^ WALTHAM CROSS, i^ ;;\(!^ HERTS. Adjoining the " Waltham " Station, Great Eastern Railway. T?ispection of Stock invited. Priced Descriptive Catalogues free by post. 264 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March i, 1879. P"^^-^ B. S. \V I L L I A M S BEGS MOST RESPECTFULLY TO INVITE THE NOBILITY AND GENTRY TO AN INSPECTION OF HIS LARGE STOCK OF SPECIMEN CAMELLIAS NOW IN FLOWER, Which is unsurpassed in this Country. THESE PLANTS WILL BE IN GOOD CONDITION FOR SEVERAL WEEKS TO COME, AND ARE ALONE WORTH A VISIT TO THE NURSERIES. ONE OF THE CAMELLIA HOUSES IN THE VICTORIA NURSERIES, As figured in the " Gardc7iers Chronicle!' VICTORIA & PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPEE HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. March i, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. •5^' NEW AND CHOICE SEEDS FOR 1879. WILLIAMS' CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTEUM RUBRUM, new, y. and y. 6d. perplit. WILLIAMS' CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTEUM, 5^. and 2S. 6a. per packet. WILLIAMS' CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, finest mixed, 5^., 3s. 6-^., 2s. 6d. and is. 6J. per packet. WILLIAMS' CALCEOLARIA, Herbaceous, finest mixed, 5J., 35. 61^., 2s. 6d. and is. 6d. per packet. WEATHERILL'S CINERARIA, extra choice mixed, s-r , 3J. 6ti , ^s, 6d., and is 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' PRIMULA SINENSIS FIM- BRIATA COCCINEA, new, 51. and 3s 6ii. per packet. WILLIAMS' PRIMULA SINENSIS FIM- BRIATA, red, white, or mi.\ed, 5s., ^s. 6J., zs. 6d. and IS. 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' BEGONIA, New Bedding, finest mixed, 2s, 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' SOLANUM HYBRIDUM, Empress, new, 2s. 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' VIOLA CORNUTA, Loveli- ness, new, 2^. 6d. per packet. COLLECTIONS OF CHOICE VEGETABLE SEEDS FOR ONE YEARS SUPPLY. A COLLECTION, io.y. 6d. COLLECTION, 21s. COLLECTION, 42J. COLLECTION, 63^. COLLECTION, S+r. B C D E Illustrated Seed Catalogue, of New and Choice FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS, POST-FREE. All Seeds amounting to 20s. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in England. THE BEST NOVELTIES OF THE SEASON. SEE SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE, Post'Ji'cc for Fifteen Stamps. Gratis to Customers, THE FOLLOWING ARE SPECIALITIES particularly recommended :^ THE BEST LATE WHITE BROCCOLI. SUTTON'S aUEEN. Fills the gap between late BroccoIIs and Cauliflowers. Perfectly distinct, very dwarf and compact, heads well protected, medium siie, handsome, and of creamy-white colour. Mr. H. G.\DD, Gr. to the Right Hon. Lord Middleton, says, on ^lay 28 :— " I am still cutting your Queen Broccoli, in fine condition, which, to use the phrase, is shaking hands with the Cauliflower, which is now coming nicely." Price zs. 6d. per ounce^ is. per packet^ post-free. THE BEST CAULIFLOWER. SUTTON'S KING OP THE CAULI- FLOWERS. Dwarf, compact, very large, firm, beautifully white heads. From Mr. John Cl\rk, Gr. to the Most Noble the Marquis of Ripon :— ** Your King is a very dwarf, good strain of Cauli- flower, producing firm and beautifully white heads." \s. 6d. artd 2S. tii. Per packet. Post- free. THE BEST FRAME CUCUMBER. SUTTON'S DUKE OF CONNAUGHT. Remarkably handsome, and the finest white-spined variety known. Perfecily level, from 22 to 26 inches in length, very uniform, with a bright green skin, well covered with bloom, spine scarcely discernible, and the fruit very little ribbed, won- derfully small handle, and decidedly superior for exhibition. \s. 6d. and 2S. (>d. per packet, post free. THE BEST GREEN-FLESHED MELON. SUTTON'S EARL OF BEACONSFIELD. Oval shape, flesh pale in colour, singularly sweet and juicy, and possesses a delicate aroma ; rind thin, but beautifully netted. From Mr. W. Wildsmith, Gr. to the Right Hon. Viscount Eversley :— " I have this season grown Lord Beaconsfield Melon, which for free bearing, flavour, and appearance, I con- sider unequalled." Price IS. 6d. per Packet, Post-free. THE BEST NEW TALL WRINKLED PEA. SUTTON'S ROYAL BERKSHIRE MARROW. Height, 5 to 6 feet, producing pods each containing eight to ten Peas, delicate flavour, beautiful colour. ** I was much pleased with your New Pea. It is a splendid bearer, and when cooked is very finely flavoured, I consider it a first-class variety."— Mr. William Paterson, Gr. to Her Majesty the Queen, Balmoral. Sf. Per qjiartf ^s. per pint. SUTTON'S NEW GLOXINIA CRASSI- FOLIA GIGANTEA is acknowledged lo be the finest. From M. A. Ingr.\m, Gr. to the Duke of Northumberland : — " Your Gloxinia is the finest strain I have ever seen ; strong robust habit, the leaves are so reflexed as to nearly cover the pots. The flowers are very large and beautiful in colour. Some of the drooping- flowered sorts nave blooms over three inches in diameter. They make quite a show of themselves in a house." $s. and 2S. 6d. per packet, post free. THE FINEST PRIMULA OF THE SEASON. SUTTON'S RUBY KING. New seed of this superb novelty, which is pronounced by the entire Horticuhural Press to surpass all others, is now ready. Awarded a First-class Certificate and a large Silver Banksian Medal by the R.H.S,, January 14, 1879. Price ^s. per Packet, post free. £50 IN PRIZES, Offered by SuTTON & Sons at the Royal Horiiculttiral Society's Meetings during the year. PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION. THE OUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, AND By Special Warrant to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, READING, BERKS. SATURDAY, MARCH i, 1879. INJURIOUS INSECTS. FOR some time past some very useful work has been done in a very quiet unobtrus- ive manner in the matter of noting the occur- rence and studying the habits of insects injurious to garden and field crops. A cer- tain number of common insects, easily recog- nised with a little attention, and some of which indeed are apt to force themselves somewhat too prominently on the notice of the cultivator, are selected for observation, and the results recorded. The points to be observed are the time of appearance, the conditions of weather, the amount of damage done to various crops, the means of prevention and of remedy, and other matters which will readily suggest them- selves to the observer. The results thus ob- tained are corelated and digested by Miss Eleanor Omierod, a Fellow of the Meteoro- logical and Entomological Societies, and a highly competent observer. From her report * we extract the following observations, which will show the utility of the work and the desir- ability of increasing the number of observers. " During the past season the most remarkable feature of economic insect observation has been the unusual aljsence in most places of any great amount of damage from even the most common of our injurious insects, ex- cepting in the case of wireworm ravage in the North. A mild and moist \\inter was follo\^■ed by luxuriant vege- tation in leafage of trees and wild plants (as sho\\n in the general returns from many of the stations of the Meteoro- logical Society), as well as in the crops, and the rapid healthy growth proved of great service in keeping off insect attack. This may be observed especially in the coincidence of general moisture, or showers at sowing- time, with good Turnip crops ; but whether the effect lies in strong growth, keeping the plant ahead of the injury (' growing past ' as it is technically termed), or in the state of the sap being less healthy to the insect- feeder than the more condensed juices of drier seasons, requires to be more fully made out. " Whilst returning our hearty thanks to all those who have kindly rendered assistance by sending the results of tiieir observations (and especially for tlie fuller notes of the state of the weather, presence or absence of weeds, and also of soils, or action of artificial manures), we cannot help expressing a wish that these h.ad been more generally given. Information on these points is very essenti.al, and observa- tions lose so much of their real value from want of these details that we trust the observers who have kindly promised their notes for the coming year will allow us to press on them the importance of adding to the record of direct injury as much as possible of these coincidences. . , . The details which are particularly wished for are : — " 1st. With regard to weather ; a very few lines as to general state through the year, such as any marked suc- cession of warm or cold days, of great rainfalls, or drought. "2d. Any observations as to the spread of common crop insects from common crop weeds. For instance, with regard to observations of Charlock and Blackthorn in connection with Turnip-fly and Gooseberry caterpillar. These two plants supply food or shelter for two insects that certainly come under the head of 'pests.' Tlicir presence is cither agriculturally bad or of little use, but they keep up the supply of successive insect gener- ations in safety because little noticed on these worthless growths. " 3d. Observations as to infested farm stores and seeds might throw much light on the intermittent appearance of some destructive insects. Thus the Wheat midge, Cecidomyia tritici, is kept safe in the larval state during winter in neglected chaff-heaps, and the red Clover weevil may be seen in legions creeping from the recently stored Clover. The amount of loss from this insect haa • NoU's 0/ Observations on Ivjurious Ii.sccts. 1878. (West, Newman & Co., Hatlon Garden.) Pp. 2?. 266 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March i, 1879. been observed for more than eighty years, and still Apion apricans is at work in the Clover as hard as ever. " Sometimes the larva is in the seed, as in the case of the Pea and Bean beetles (Bruchus pisi and B. rufimanus); sometimes the pupa is sown with it, as is the case of tlic Lettuce fly (Anthomyia Lactucae), and if more attention was directed to these various details, it is probable that what appear as sudden outbursts might, with many of our farm insects, be traced back to some slight and con- sequently neglected centre, where they could have been nipped in the bud. " There seems little doubt but that it is in the small appearances that we shall probably find the key to the great devastations. In themselves it is truly said they are scarcely worth notice (though all the same the smallest loss of crop has its inconveniences), but when the sweep of insect injury comes it is often past the point at which we can tell its origin, as well as how to termi- nate it." From the notes relating to tlie Turnip fly (Halticanemoriim) we learn that it was scarcely seen last year. "At Maxwelltown, Dumfries, the 'fly 'was scarcely noticeable, and in the neighbourhood of Dalkeith, where the weather is noticed by Mr. Malcolm Dunn as highly favourable during the sowing season of ^fay and June for quick and healthy growth, the plants were thus run past the stage at which the ' fly ' attacks them, and less injury was inflicted than has been observed for many years. He draws attention to anything that pro- motes healthy rapid growth, till the young plant is well into the rough leif, being the best preventive of the 'fly,' and that, could the remedy be applied, probably heavy waterings in the evening in dry weather might be of great service, and notes, in the shape of special ap- plications, caustic lime, soot, and guano, which have each their advocates, applied in the morning when the dew i) still on the plant, or gas-water applied in the evening, and also benefit from the nse of a small quantity of salt. At Welbeck Abbey, Worksop, N. Notts, Mr. R. A. Rolfc notices the ' fly ' as rarer than last season, and probably checked by the wet weather of May and the beginning of June. The Turnip crop escaped, whilst last year it had to be sown three times, and he suggests it would be desirable to draw attention to Mr. Benjamin Brown's communication in last year's Report, p. 6, as to Turnip fly appearing first on Charlock, suffered to remain as a weed, and then spreading to Kohl R.abi and Turnips, so as to induce further obser- vations. Mr. Rolfe notices that the locality where ' fly ' was particularly destructive last year, is one where Charlock is prevalent. This weed is common throughout the county, more or less plentiful according to agricul- tural care, some fields being completely yellow with it, others comparatively free, showing where one farm ends and another begins ; and he mentions an instance in which a farmer harvested 22 stone of Charlock seed (sold at a good price as bird-seed) from one Wheat field. He draws attention to the benefit of eradicating the food-plant of the ' fly ' during the years in which the land is unoccupied by Turnips, and thus preventing, or in some degree checking, its annual multiplication. .At Maldon, Esse.N, from the small amount of Turnips grown on tlie heavy land, there was little notice of ' fly ' ravage, but early in August about a quarter of an acre o( Broccoli was seriously attacked by a bronze coloured species. This attack was cured by the application of gas-lime in the early morning for several successive days, together with the influence of the wet weather from August 10 to 17, which enabled the plants to grow away from the attack, those left unattended to in the seed-bed being completely destroyed. Mr. F. Sylvester, The Hedges, St. Albans, notices that as a general rule where superphosphate or other special artificial manures are applied, with or without farmyard manure, the Turnips succumb less to the 'fly,' from the more rapid growth induced by their constituents being presented to them in a soluble and immediately available form. In the present season his first sowing of .Swedes so treated, and accompanied by heavy rainfall at sowing time, turned out a splendid plant untouched by ' fly,' whilst in the case of the later ones, where no artificial manure was used and onlyafewshowersoccutred whilst they were coming up, the ' fly ' attacked and ruined half the crop. Mr. Brown, of Knebworth, mentions the ' fly ' as found in great numbers on banks of adjoining fields where Swede Turnips had been grown last year ; their numbers decreased as the distance from such fields increased, but here as elsewhere little damage was done, their numbers diminishing with the long-continued wet In May. In my own garden ne.ar Isleworth, a plot of white Turnips sown during August on fresh loamy soil, trenched more than aV feet deep in the previous winter, and unmanured excepting by a profuse dressing of lime given in tlie course ol experiment to the Potato crop which had been taken off it in the summer, was scarcely touched, whilst a patch of Cabbage in the seed bed a few feet off was overrun by the 'fly.' The Turnip plants grew rapidly and strongly on the fresh soil, and an analysis taken of the plants when about lour weeks old showed the percentage of ash to plant as 1. 21 : the percentage of lime to ash 20.0. It will be noticed that a thread runs through all the observations, of the advantage of a rapid, vigorous growth in resisting the attack of ' fly,' whether brought about naturally by plentiful rain, or artificiaUy by manure containing the superphosphates or other chemical consti- tuents required ; and a word may be added as to the physical elTects of rain and dew on the insect. A single drop is enough to clog the legs temporarily and puts an end to its leaping powers for the time being, and the occasional failures of remedies which have answered well on other occasions (such as Mr. Tanner's method of driving the sheep through the infested field — Report, 1877, p. 6 — dusting the crop, and various applications also to be made in the early morning) might probably be traced to their being tried too late in the day, or when the morning was dewless. Where clods prevail Turnips fail. If the beetle is free to leap it will put itself very rapidly under shelter from attack. With regard to spread of ' fly ' from weeds, it would be very desirable to have some further notes of the extent to which it takes place both from Charlock, and other allied wild plants. " ' ' During the past season all the sowings of Carrots were more than usuafly affected ; the extent of the attack was first made evident by the hot weather about June 24, and all the long kinds of Carrots were destroyed. The French Horn variety is noted as comparatively exempt at all times of the year. A gardener near Guildford succeeds in raising a crop by using the same piece of ground yearly, and manuring it heavily with lime and soot, and a small quantity of salt. Salt is also found to answer well as a remedy by Mr. Dunn, at Dalkeith. By using ground that had been previously salted for a crop of Asparagus a good crop of Carrots, tolerably free from injury by the rust maggot, was obtained on soil which had been used as a kitchen garden for forty years, and on which all attempts to gain a crop by any other methods had failed. . . During the past season I have found great benefit from watering witli a very dilute appUcation of the fluid sold under the name of 'Soluble Phenyle,' by Messrs. Morris & Little, of Doncaster. Towards the end of June the Carrots in my garden at Isleworth were so severely attacked that, being past hope from anv common remedy, I tried this fluid in various proportions, usually about a tablespoonful to a gallon of water, watering the ground frequently. The insect attack was very soon cheeked, and tlie plants started into healthy foliage, and the Carrots that sprung on the infested ground, after the application, were straight and perfectly uninjured. How far the great luxuriance of leafage may tell on the formation of large roots remains to be seen by further experiment, but the check to the rust larva was complete. The main in- gredient in this fluid is ne.arly allied to carbolic acid, and its use chiefly as a disinfectant and for destroying para- sitic insect-attack in animals, but it appears to act as a stimulant to vegetation, whilst poisoning the insect- feeder." Mr. Norgate draws attention to the im- portance of encotiraging insectivora of all kinds. "Amongst birds he especially mentions swallows, martins, swifts (said to feed on high-flying Coleoptera), cuckoos (which feed on lepidopterous larvre, and more especially select the hairy ones), all the warblers, and the titmice. Also woodpeckers — the green woodpecker ap- pears to be the special enemy of the Cerurre (puss-and- kitten moths) — and the spotted woodpecker is said to feed its young largely on flies. Flycatchers, tree creepers, wrens, starlings, rails, and partridges, are included in the list. In fact, all birds that mainly, or even in part, feed on insects deserve encouragement so long as the other part of their diet does not trench too much on the crops ; and such measures as leaving some quiet nooks, as old trees, sheltering bushes, or eaves, undisturbed for them to build in (adding protection from idle boys in nesting time), throwing up the ground roughly to allow them to get at the grubs, and also allowing them free scope when they settle in flocks manifestly in search of some special larvae (as with the crane-fly grub in grass- land), would all be serviceable. A word might also be said for bats, the shrew mouse, and the mole — the latter especially plays his part as an insect-feeder more than is usually supposed. " Our space forbids us from entering at further length into this subject at present, but we have said enough to show the value and importance of such observations, and in the interests of horticulture and agriculture we trust that all who can do so will help on the good work, and lend their willing aid in support of the dis- interested labours of Miss Ormerod and her associates. New Garden Plants. Odontoglossum aspersum* and MACUI.ATLTM (Lex.) EROSU.M. No doubt this is a new hybrid, the third one (after Ilumeanum and vexativum) in this affinity, standing between Odontoglossum maculatum and Rossii. It has bulbs much like those of O. maculatum, but smaller, while the flowers are thinner in texture and as large only as those of a small O. maculatum. The bracts are broad and short ; the sepals whitish yellow, mottled inside with numerous brown blotches, and keeled on the back of the middle vein. The petals are of the same colour, but much broader, and with a few brown spots at the base. The lip is v\holly whitish, and the callus at the base yellow, with brown lines. The column is green at the base, white above ; the border of stigmatic hollow rose-coloured. The short broad bracts and the short sepals exclude the idea of Odontoglossum cordatum (so much resem- bling those of O. Humeanum). The white lip and the blotches of the sepals belong to O. Rossii. It must be regarded as Odontoglossum maculatuin var. Rossii. For this very curious.novelty I have to thank Messrs. Veitch, who sent full materials. I niay state at once that we have very indistinct varieties of Odontoglossum maculatum, not to mention my old "integrale," only seen once from Mr. L. S. Williams, and in Galeotti's collection. The old one has smaller, more pallid flowers, and an entire lip (seldom crenulate, as represented in Bof. Jicg. 1840, p. 30), and is usually smaller. Then there Is a fresh showy variety with very many teeth around the lip's blade, and called var. polyodon. It is splen- didly coloured. The sepals inside are of a beautiful chestnut-brown, with dark blotches on the deeply yellow lip and petals. Just when writing these lines I have to hand a specimen of extraordinary beauty from Braxfield House, Lanark, from Mr. Charles Wather's collection, under the care of Mr. Alexander MacGregor. I suppose this comes from M. Roezl's introductions by myriads, so that the American government may presently send their representatives to Mr. Stevens' rooms to get something back, so' as to save, if possible, this species. I am indebted to Messrs. Veitch for the present specimens. //. G. Rchb.f. RHODOLEIA CHAMPIONI. A FEW observations on this beautiful and rare tree as seen in its native island may be of use to cultivators — to the few who are fortunate enough to possess plants of it as yet, as well as to those who will probably in a little time be able to obtain it, as I hope that through the ■ efforts now being made to increase it the supply will be greater than it has yet been. In Hong Kong all the trees, without exception, blossom most profusely, beginning about the second week in January, being in perfection about the middle of February, and nearly over in the middle of March. Each branchlet, according to its strength, produces from about six to thirty-six flower-heads. If it could be induced to produce flowers in anything like the profusion that it does here it would be a splendid object for large conservatories. Even when not in flower the large dark green leaves are in themselves striking and beautiful. The soil of Hong Kong consists of decomposed granite of a reddish colour, the surface soil for a depth of about I foot containing more or less of humus. The only three trees known in a wikl state in the world are growing in this kind of soil at an elevation of about 400 feet above the sea level, amongst trees of about the same height as the Rhodoleia — about 30 feet — and brushwood on a very steep hillside. The trees which are in these gardens — the largest are about 12 feet high — are in the same kind of soil as the wild ones, but at a little low'er altitude, the gar- dens being on a slope from about 200 feet up to a little over 300 feet. As will be inferred from the nature of the soil and the situations in which our trees grow, they have excellent drainage. The rains com- mence in May and ce.ase in October ; during the six months there is an avemge rainfall of about 75inche.s, but during the remaining six months — that is, from November to April, inclusive — there is next to no rainfall, the average being about 5 inches, and a very dry atmosphere, during which the Rhodoleia does not exhibit any symptoms of suftering by lack of water, and the flower-buds continue to develope unaided by artificial watering. During the rainy season the atmo- sphere is generally saturated and muggy in the extreme. The temperature during the dry season often falls to 45° Fahr., sometimes to 40°, and very rarely * OiieiUcglossjivt as/iersttnt. — Pseudobulbo oblongo ancipiu demum bene rugoso ; folio cuneato oblongo acuto; pediiiiculo paucifloro : bracteis ancipitibus auulis ovariis pedicellati.s non aiqualibus : sepalis Hgulatis acutis dcrso carinatis ; tepalis obiongis acutis ; labelli lamina cordata acuta : callo quadrato obtu<.angulo antice cum aopendice em.Trginato bidentato : columna velutma. H, G. Rcltb, f. March i, 1S79.] THE GARDENnRS' CHRONICLE. 267 indeed to freezing-point — I have known it down to 32° twice during the past eight years. In the rainy season, which is our hot one, the temperature rarely falls below 75° night or day, but for most of the time above S5' is the minimum ; during the day it rises to about 90°, or a little over, very frequently ; the general thing, however, being about 87° for several months. The Khodoleia would, I should think, be much more likely to succeed if grown as a conservatory plant than if tried out-of-doors, even if afforded the protection of a wall, but still it would be interesting to e.xperiment with it in mild localities in dry gravelly or sandy soil out-of-doors, on south walls, and otlier sheltered positions. Probably the conditions of cultivation most likely to meet with success would be : — soil, loamy, not too rich, with a dry subsoil well drained : temperature, high during the season of growth, say So° by day without sun, rising to 90' or 95° with bright sun, and falling to So° or 75' by night, the former alter a bright sunny day, the latter after a dull one. After the growth is finished ordinary greenhouse or conservatory treat- ment ; water in abundance while growing, gradually diminishing the supplyas the growths become matured, and preserving the soil and atmosphere comparatively dry from beginning of October to end of March ; position at all seasons fully exposed to sun. Charles Ford, Superintendent, Botanic Gardens, Hong Kong, China, January II. QUICKSET HEDGES. Having had a considerable amount of experience in the planting and after-management of Quickset hedges, my views on the subject may be of use to " Engineer " and others interested in the m.atter. No doubt there is a great diversity of opinion on this matter, and what may be considered correct practice and give satisfaction in one locality, will be found altogether at variance with the customary system carried out successfully in others, therefore "Engineer" need not be surprised to find his inspectors differing in their modes oi operation. I will not say how many miles of Quickset hedges I have had planted — sufiice it to say that for a number of years we planted yearly from thirty to fifty thousand Thorns, and the hedges were considered in the neighbourhood. West Sussex, as near perfection as possible. I will preface the fev/ remarks I intend to make on the practice carried out, by stating that I prefer planting on the level if possible, as the Quicks thrive better, take up less space, look better, and are kept in order more easily. I also prefer the single row to a double one, because the single row can be cleaned more readily, makes a better looking fence, and will not become hollow as it gets old, like the one with two rows. The preparation of the ground is an important item in hedge making. Where it is purposed to plant a hedge the ground should be deeply trenched or broken up, the latter plan being to my mind pre- ferable to trenching, in many instances, as well as in quick planting. To do this, mark out the line of the proposed fence, say from 3 to 4 feet wide. At one end throw out the top spit and shovellings, tlien break up the bottom of the trench with a pickaxe, and leave it there ; then put a good dressing of stable or cow- shed manure upon it, and turn over the top spit and shovellings upon the manure. This is what I call breaking up in contradistinction to trenching ground. Having thus prepared the ground a trench has only to be cut out along the centre 8 inches deep and the plants put in 3 inches apart, or twelve to a yard, they should not appear above-ground more than 2 inches, this insures a growth close to the ground, producing from each plant from three to four shoots, which with care will make a fence that will not only resist ralibits but rats also. A word must here be said about preparing the plants, which should always be cut to the required length before planting, which is mostexpeditiously done on a block of wood with a hand-bill or pruning-hook. All straggling roots should be cut off and the plants headed down to the length of 6 or 8 inches. Nothing in the way of pruning will be required for the first year. Late in the following winter let the hedge be cut down with a knife to within 9 inches of the ground ; a knife is preferable to shears or hook for the first cutting. I mention that the cutting down should be done late in the winter. In situations where hares and rabbits are numerous it is very important to delay pruning the young hedges as long as possible, as they are sure to eat the young shoots, and if pruned early they may eat lower than the required height. The second summer the young hedge may be sided up, but the tops had better not be cut until it is con- sidered safe, for the reason given above ; then the hedge may be allowed to stand 20 inches or 2 feet in height, according to circumstances. What might be made a good fence is often spoilt by over-anxiety to get it up quickly ; the side shoots only should be cut m summer until the fence has attained the height required . It is of the utmost importance that young hedges should be kept free from weeds, which can only be done by keeping the hoe at work during the summer months. When the hedge is pruned in winter the ground may be turned in with a sp.ade, or, what is better still, be forked over lightly, not dug and turned up in square sods, such as may often be seen on railway banks. It must not be for- gotten that a dead fence of some sort must be pro- vided for the protection of the young hedge until it can protect itself. This protection should be so pkaced that horses and cattle cannot nibble the young shoots. Ceo. Thomson, Crystal Palace. Why should your correspondent "J. S.,"in last week's Gardeners' Chronicle, recommend the anti- quated system of letting Quick hedges grow up for a few years, then trim them up to bare poles, and then lay these down, seeing that such a process is both unsightly and unnecessary ? If a young hedge is pro- perly planted and judiciously cut once a year, tapered gradually from the bottom on each side to the top, and kept thoroughly clean at the root, they will by- and-bye make splendid hedges without a flaw (as hedges are managed in many parts of Scotland). I could show "J. S." miles of hedges managed in this w.ay, perfect models, which would turn either a sparrow or a bull ; and why should people waste time and material planting double hedges ? for the second is not needful and makes it almost impossible to clean them. 7. Jcffery. This is a subject which we have frequently discussed. We consider keeping the bottoms of hedges clean, and cutting in July and August, with occasionally cutting lower in winter, the best mode of securing good fences. As regards railway banks, we consider Ash the best deep-rooting, non-resinous tree, not likely to fire or impede the sight of the traveller. It can be sold as poles, and thus never be too large or dangerous. Harrison &' Sons. I would beg to suggest the planting of a good lot of Willow poles to prevent landslips, and produce good drainage. The poles should be driven a good many feet into the ground, and then cut off close to the earth. Many would doubtless die in the course of a few years, and thus increase the drainage. In regard to Quick hedges, only one row should be planted rather thickly, as thereby we get a very firm hedge without any hollows, and afterwards it is easy to keep the plants quite clean. Manure quite unneces- sary. Henry JfilHs, The Elms, Old Windsor. MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN ORCHIDS. Contintted from p. 236.) Calantiik, R. Br., Bot. Reg. sub. t. 573, et t. 720. About forty species, one ."American, one in Aus- tralia, three or four in tropical and South Africa, and Mascarene Islands, the remainder Asiatic, spread over India, China, Japan, Malay Islands, &c. C mexicana, Rchb. f., Linnasa, xviii., p. 406, Orch. Eur. (Ic. Fl. Ger.), t. 355, f 5, 5, 7. Ghiesbreghtia mexicana et calanthoides, Rich, el Gal. Mexico, Costa Rica, Cuba, New Grenada. Camauidium, Lindl, Bot. Reg. x., t. 844. .\ small genus (of perhaps a dozen species), inhabiting the West Indies, Guiana and Mexico to Peru. C. sp. Nicaragua. Wright, 6. (Hb. Lindl.) C. sp. Mexico. Mueller, 555. (Hb. Lindl.) CAT.\SF/ruM. Ricli. in Kunth Synop. i. 330. From tliirty-five to forty species, extending from Mexico to Peru and Brazil, two or three in the West Indies. C. (Monachanthus) dilectum, Rchb. f. , Bcitr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 73. Costa Rica. C. Hookeri, Lindl., Coll. Bot., t. 40. C. triste, Rchb. f. Mexico. C. laminatuni, Lindl., Ann. Nat. Hist. iv. , p. 384. Sert. Orch., t, 38. Mexico, C. macroglossuni, Rchb. f. in Gard, Chron. 1877, vol. viii., p. 552 Ecuador. C. maculalum, Kunth, Syn. i., p, 331. C. integer- rimum, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3823, Batem. Orch. Mex. and Guat. , t. 2. C. Wailesii, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3937, Gard. Chron. 1842, p. 287. C. triden- tatum. Hook., Ex. Fl. , t. 90. 91. C. floribundum. Hook.. Ex. FL, t. 151. Mexico, Honduras, Guate- mala, Venezuela. C. ochraccuni, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc., 55 ; Gard. Chrou. 1873, p. 105. New Grenada. C. CErstedii. Rchb. f. , Bonpl. iii., p. 218. Nicaragua. C. planiceps, Lindl. , Bot. Reg. 29, 9 ; Gard. Chron. 1843, p. 175. .Spanish Main. C. Russellianum, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3777. Guate- mala. C. scurra, Rchb. f., Gard. Chron. 1872, p. 1003; 1877, vol. vii., p. 304, fig. Panama? Demerara. C. viridiflavum, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 4017. C. serratum, Lindl. Central America. C. Warscewiczii, Lindl., Paxt. Fl. Gard. i., p. 45. with a figure. Panama. C.\TTI.F.YA, Lindl., Coll. Bot., t. 33, Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 116. r'rom fifteen to twenty species, ranging 1 from Mexico to Brazil, where ihcy attain their greatest concentration. Reichenbach refers them to Epidendrum. C. choeocensis, Lind. ct And., III. Hort., 3 s^r. , t. 120. New Grenada. C. citrina, Lindl., Bot. Reg. xxx. , imder t. 5, Bot. Mag., t. 3742. Sobralia citrina, La Llave et Lex- arza. Mexico, 7300 to 10.000 feet. C. Dowiana, Batem., Gard. Chron. 1867, p. 75 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5618. Costa Rica. C. eldorado, Lind., 'Flore des Serres, t. 1826; Gard. Chron. 1871, p. 1323. Central .\merica. C. gigas. Lind., Gard. Chron. 1874, vol. ii., p. 616, lig. New Grenada. C. granulosa, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1842, t. i, Bol. Mag., t. 5048. Guatemala. C. kabiata, Lindl., Coll. Bot.. t. 33, Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 58. C. pallida, Paxt., Fl. Gard, ii., t. 48. C. Mossiae, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3669. C. Lemon- iana, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1846, t. 35. C. Wageneri, Rchb. f. C. Warscewiczii, Rchb. f. , &c. C. Tri- aniTj lacera, Gard. Chron. i36g, 738. I'he numerous varieties of this are dispersed from Mexico to Brazil. C. quadricolor, Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. i., p. 6 ; Gard. Chron. 1864, p. 269. C. speciosissima var. Lowii, J. .\nderson in Gard. Chron. 1868, p. 404. Venezuela. C. .Skinneri, Batem., Orch. Mex. and Guat., t. 13 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4270 ; var. parviflora, Bot. Mag., t. 4916 ; Gard. Chron. 1877. vol. \\\., p. 810, var. Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica. Trinidad. ClII.uiDIA, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 484. About four or five species, ranging from Mexico to Vene- zuela, and through the West Indies to Brazil. C. flava. Rchb. f. , Walp. .-\nn. vi., p. 644. Neottia flava, Sw. Mexico. Cuba, Jamaica. C. sp. forsan flava, Rchb. f. , Beitr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 5. Veragua, 6000 feet. Chvsis, Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. 1937. ;\bout six species, inhabiting America from Mexico to Columbia. C. aurca. Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. 1937. Panama, Vene- zuela, New Granada. C. bractescens, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc., 141, 1841, t. 23, Bot. Mag., t. 5186, G.ard. Chron. 1841, p. 295. Mexico. C. leevis, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc., 130. Batem., Orch. Mex. and Guat., t. 31. Mexico. CiKUH.KA, Lindl, Bot. Reg.,t. 1538. .\bout six species, perhaps all Brazilian. C. tristis, Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. 1889. Reported from Mexico, but possibly in error. Prof. Reichenbach unites it with several other forms under the name of C. dependens. CLiiisTES, Rich. Annot., p. 9, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. p. 409. C. rosea, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 410. Panama, New Granada, Venezuela, Guiana, Trini- dad, and ? Peru. CaiiLiA, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 36. About six or eight species — one in the West Indies, one Brazilian, and the remainder from Mexico and Central .^merica. C. Baueriana, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 28, 36 ; Gard. Chron. 1842, p. 406. West Indies and Mexico.^ C. guatemalensis, Rchb. f, Walp. Ann., \i., 219. Gualemala. C. macrostachya, Lindl., Benth. PI. Hartw. , p. 92, Bot. Mag., t. 4712. Guatemala. C. picta, Batem. MSS., Hb. Lindl. ? = C. bclla, Rchb. f Guatemala. " C. sciuamosa," Hb. Lindl. Guatemala. C. sp. Mexico, Linden, 218. CacLiorsis, Rchb. f, Gard. Chron. 1872, p. 9. The only species. C. hyacinthosma, Rchb. f. , Gard. Chron. 1872, p. 9. Panama. CuiINIA, Rchb. f., Bot. Zcit. 1852, p. 928. The only species. C. Quekettioides, Rchb. f , Xenia, i., p. 238, t. 100, ii., 6 — 14. Nicaragua. CoLA.X, Lindl., Bot. Reg., 1843, Misc., 65. There arc three other species, natives of Brazil. C. modestior, Rchb. f. , Hamb. Gartenz. i860, p. 14. Guatemala ? CoMi'ARETTiA, Poepp. et Endl. , Nov. Gen. et Sp. i., P- 53. t- 73' Limited at present to the following species. C. coccinea, Lindl., Bot. Reg. xxiv. , t. 63. Mexico. C. falcata, Po;pp. ct Endl. I.e., Bot. M.ag. , t. 4980. C. rosea, Lindl. Guatemala, New Grenada, Vene- zuela, Peru. Jamaica, Cuba. CoKALI.OKHiZA, Hall, Hist, ii., p. 159, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 533. .-(bout twelve species, inhabiting the subarctic, temperate, and sub- tropical regions of the northern hemisphere. C. innata has a wide range in the Old World and North America. C. bulbosa, Rich. etGal.,.\nn. Sc. Nat., s^rie 3, iii., p. 19. Mexico, 7000 to 9000 feet. Perhaps the same as C. mexicana. C. Ehrenbergii, Rchb. t., LinuEEa, xxii. , p. 383. Mexico. C. grandiflora, Rich et Gal., Ann. Sc. Nat., strie 3, iii., p. 19. Mexico. C. mexicana, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 534 Mexico and Guatemala. CORYANTIIES, Hook., Bot. Mag. , Under t. 3102. About six species, dispersed from Guatemala, through Venezuela and Guiana to Brazil. C. .Mbertinae, K.arsten, t. i. ; Gard. Chron. 1848, p. 71. Caraccas. C. speciosa var., Batem., Orch. Mex. and Guat., t. 36. Guatemala. Typical speciosa is a native of Brazil, and Reichenbach thinks this may perhaps belong to C. maculata, a native of Guiana. 268 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March i, 1879. Craniciiis, SwarU, Act. Holm. 1800, p. 226, Lindl- Gen. and Sp. Orch. , p. 450. From twenty to twenty-five species, ranging from Mexico to Peru and the West Indies. In addition to the follow- ing there are several undescribed species in Kcw herbarium. C apiculata, Lindl., Benth. PI. Hartw. , p. 92. Guatemala. C. ciliata, Kunth, Synop. i., p. 324. Guatemala, Ecuador, Peru. C. glandulosa. Rich, ct Gal., Ann. So. Nat., 3 seric, iii., p. 30. Mexico. C. muscosa, Sw., Prodr., p. 120. Costa Rica and Cuba to Trinidad. C. reticulata, Rchb. f., Beitr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 62. Costa Rica. C. Schaffneri, Rclib. f., MS.S. Mexico. C. speciosa. La Llave et Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. ii., p. 5. Mexico. C. sylvatica, Rich, ct Gal., \m\. Sc. Nat., serie 3, iii., p. 30. Mexico. C. subumbellata. Rich, et Gal., .\nn. .Sc. Nat., serie 3, iii., p. 30. Mexico. C. tubulosa, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 451. Mexico. C. tubularis, La Llave et Le.x., Nov. Veg. Descr. ii., p. 6. Mexico. Lindley thought this and C. speciosa might belong to the genus Stenoptera. Crybe, Lindl., Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2, p. 446. The only species. C. rosea, Lindl., Bot. Reg., 1872. Bletia purpurata, Rich. et. Gal. Mexico and Guatemala. CRYrTARKiIKNA, R. Br., Bot. Reg., t. 153. Three or four species, disposed over Mexico, the West Indies, and Guiana. C. pallidiflora, Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 766. Orchidofunkia pallidiflora, Rich, et Gal. Mexico, Trinidad, Guiana. CyCNOCHES, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 154. Besides the following, there are two or three in Guiana. C. aureum, Lindl., Paxt. Fl. Gard. iii., t. 75. Central Anierica, 6000 — 8000 feet. C. Dianas, Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 636. Central America. C. Egertonianum, Batem., Orch. Mex. and Guat., t. 40; Gard. Chron., 1843, p. 775, fig. Mexico. C. glandiiliferum. Rich, et Gal. (sketch in Hb. Lindl.). Mexico. C. maculatum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc.. 8. Mexico, Guatemala, Venezuela. C. ventricosuni, Batem., Orch, Mex. and Guat., t. 5 ; Gard. Chron. 1843, p. 775, fig. C. Warscewiczii, Rchb. f. Guatemala, Veragua. Cypripedium, Linn., Gen. PI. 1376. Between thirty and forty species, scattered all round the northern hemisphere from the arctic regions to the tropics, though apparently absent from Africa. Most numerous in tropical Asia and North .America. One species occurs in Guiana and another in New Granada. C. Irapeanum, Llave et Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. ii., p. 10. Mexico. C. molle, Lindl., Benth. PI. Hartw. , p. 72. Guatemala. Cyrtopera, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 189. About twelve species, whereof eiglit are Asiatic, two South African, and two American. Blume refers them to Eidophia. C. longifolia, Rchb. f., Bon])I. ii., p. 19. Dendrobium, H.B. K. ; C. Woodfordii, Lindl. West Indies, Venezuela, to Guiana and Brazil. Var. (?) p.achystelidia, Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 734. Veragua. Cyrtopodium, R. Br., Ait. Hort. Kew. v., p. 216. About six species, the genus liaving the same dis- tribution as the following species. C. punclatum, Rchb. f., Linnaea, xxii., p. 852, Bot. Mag., t. 3507. Mexico to Columbia, Guiana, Brazil, and West Indies. DICH.'EA, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 208. About twenty species, extending to Peru, Brazil, and the West Indies, finding their greatest concentra- tion in Cuba and Central America. D. brachypoda, Rchb. f., Beitr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 78. Costa Rica. D. echinocarpa, Lindl. , Gen. and Sp. Orch. , p. 208. Mexico to \'enezucla, Guiana, South Brazil, and the West Indies. D. gl.auca, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orcli., p. 209. Guatemala, Cuba, Jamaica. D. Liebmannii, Rchb. f., MSS. Mexico. D. Oirsledii, Rchb. f., Bonpl. iii., p. 2t9. Costa Rica. D. pan.amensis, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 209. Panama, New Granada. D. squarrosa, Lindl., .\nn. Nat. Hist, iv,, 384. Mexico, Culja. D. tricliocarpa, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 209. Mexico, Costa Rica, Cuba, Jamaica to Brazil. D. truUa, Rchb. f., Beitr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 104. Mosquito Coast. DrGN.\Tnr„ Lindl., Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. iv., p. 268. The only species. D. pygmrea, Lindl. I.e. Mexico. DiNEMA, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. iii. Thcsetwo species referred by Reichenbach to Epidendruni. D. palcaccum, Lindl., Bot. Reg., 1840, Misc., 112. Epidendruni auritum, Lindl. E. Lindenianum, Rich, et G.il. MaxiUaria Boothii, Lindl. Mexico. Guatemala, Costa Rica. D. polyhulbon, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. iir. Epidendruni polybulbon, Sw. Mexico, Guatemala, West Indies. To be continued^ MASSOWIA AND SPATHI- PHYLLUM. In the two last numbers of the last volume of the Ganlcncrs^ Chronicle, Mr. N. K. Brown, the elaborator of the rich collection of Aroidea; in the Royal Gardens, Kew, seeks to refute, in part, the contents of an article of mine which was published in a previous number, in order, as he states, to clear up the confusion into which I had fallen. Let us see whether he has succeeded in his purpose, or rather whether Ihc contrary is not the case. lie raises three points. That I have said : — • I. That the genus JMassowia has the claim of frioriiy over Spathiphyllum. — But I have said no such thing, for it would be untrue : Spathiphyllum was established as a genus in 1S32, Massowia in 1852. I did state, however, that : — 1. Schott, in his Mcletcniata, in 1S32, united two generically diverse species in his genus Spathi- phyllum. 2. That when he wrote the work in question, Pothos cann.-efolia, Bot. I^tag., was probably un- known to him. The former Schott himself admits in his otherwise excellent work of 1853. With regard to the second Fig. 37.— I'othos cannjefolia of dot, m.\c;., much reduced. sfathe white. point, it is impossible that .Schott would have united Pothos cannxfolia, Bot. Mag., with Pothos cannx- folia, Rudge, if he had known both plants. It would seem that my highly respected colleague, as the result of his investigations in this difficult family, is under the impression, though he does not expressly say so, that Schott described Pothos cannxfolia as Spathiphyl- lum canniT;folium before 1S53. Herein, doubtless, lies the error. Now, I did not say that the genus Massowia had the claim of priority over Spathiphylum ; but Massowia cannxfolium over .Spathiphylum cannre- folium, and in this I was right. Sloreover, Mr. Brown appears not to be aware — at least he does not mention — that Schott, in the Meleteinata, the work he so highly prizes, has described Pothos cannxfolia, Bot i1/rt;'., and Rudge (horrible dictn !) as Monstera cann;i;folia. Was I not right, then, when on re- moving in 1S52 from Jena to Berlin, where I found ample materials, I discovered that .Schott's Monstera cannarfolia was not a Monstera, to regard it as the type of a new genus, and describe it as Massowia canna'folia ? I low I used the opportunities for study- ing Aroids, and what a wealth of material I had at my disposal during the next decade may be gathered from my numerous publications on Aroids. Probably nobody was more convinced of the indifferent quality of his first work in the .Meleteinata than Schott him- self. What I recognised in 1S52 he acknowledged in 1853, in his new work on Aroidejc. But instead of accepting my established genus Massowia, and referring a second species to it, which Linn.neus had described as Dracontium lancea:folium (not lancoc- folium), and which was commonly cultivated in Vienna and Berlin, he created a new genus, Uro- spatha, and regarded my one year older genus, Mas- sowia, as obsolete as a synomym of his, it is true, previously extant genus, though in another sense Spathiphyllum. Schott agreed with me that he had associated two generically different species in his Spathiphyllum, but he was displeased because I had forestalled him. After what I had done he ought, accordmg to the rules of priority, to have taken up my genus Massowia, and limited his revised genus Spathiphyllum to S. sagittifolium (Arum sagitti- folium, Rodsch., Pothos sagittifolia, Rudge). II. and III. — Much as Mr. Brown tries to prove it, he has by no means clearly defined Anthurium Dechardii, Lind., and A. blandum, W. Bull. If he will finally and decisively settle the question, he must raise seedlings of the former and of Pothos cannw folia to determine the range of variation of the one or the other. I cannot conceive how Mr. Brown can assert that A. Dechardii is identical with his Spathi- phyllum cann^efolium and my Massowia cannoefolia, established in 1852. I can easily distinguish these two plants from each other even at a distance ; and I do not for a moment doubt that we cultivate the true Pothos canncefolia, Bot. Mag., both at Berlin and Vienna. Anthurium Dechardii is much more bushy and compact in its growth, whilst Pothos cannse- folia is much taller ; the spathe of the former is milk- white in an early stage, that of the latter always greenish yellow on the outside and greyish white, not milk-white, within. The late Ad. Brongniart, of Paris, was decidedly an acute and discriminating botanist, such as unfortunately we possess few : he also was of opinion that these two plants differed, even " as day and night." I have not the necessary material to decide whether Anthurium blandum differs from Spathiphyllum Gardneri ; perhaps I may go to Vienna this year, and compare it with Schott's original specimen. This specimen .alone can decide the question, not that of Gardner's which exists in the Kew herbarium. I3 it possible that another plant was sent by mistake to Schott instead of the one Gardner collected ? Perhaps, too, Gardner had two very similar Aroids at Kew, which have hitherto not been distinguished from each other. In spite of Mr. Brown's assertion to the con- trary, I still believe that the Anthurium blandum I received from Van Gcert at the last International Horticultural Exhibition is identical with Spathi- phyllum Gardneri. It is not conceivable th.at Schott gave this name to quite a difTerent Aroid not collected by Gardner I C. Koch. I have to deal with Professor Koch's present communication, and a plant which M. Andrd sends me, which he and others declare to be "the true S. cannxfoliuni," but which, as I shall presently prove, is a totally difTerent plant. I have already fully and clearly stated the facts of the case on pp. 749 and 783 of the last volume of this journ.al, I confine myself to his present statements. It is true Professor Koch did not say that Massowia has the claim of priority over Spathiphyllum in those exact words, but the substance of what he then wrote and now writes amounts to that statement, for if he had carefully studied what I have written he would have seen that I fully understood all his statements on p. 749. I have said that he considers the genus Spathiphyllum should only consist of those sagittate- leaved plants which Schott in 1853 placed in his new genus Urospatha, and he now repeats this statement. I have there shown that this view is incorrect ; and as a further reason why Pothos sagitt;\:folia, Rudge, can- not be accepted as the type of the genus Spathi- phyllum, I will add that it is more than prjbable that when Schott first char.acterised the genus Spathiphyl- lum this pl.ant was unknown to him except from Rudge's figure, whilst Dracontium lance.xfolium was in cultivation, and could have been obtained ; there- fore, as Massowia cann.T^folium and Spathiphyllum lance.X'folium arc congeneric, as Professor Koch him- self .admits m Bonplandia, 1S56, p. II, and Gar,leners' Chronicle, x., p. 622, and the latter being the older name by twenty years, Massowia cannot be accepted as a genus. I was perfectly aware that Schott did not describe Pothos cann.-efolia, Bot. Mag., t. 603, as a Spathi- March 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 269 phyllum prior to rSsj ; but I am not aware that Schott has described Pothos canncefolia, Bot. Ma^., and P. canna'folia, Rudge, as Monstera cannfefolia in his Mclelcinata, for nowhere in the Melctcniala is Pothos canncKfoiia, Bot. iilag., mentioned, much less described. In Mclclcmala, p. 21, Schott gives a diagnosis of the genus Monstera, and places under it the names only of already described plants, which he then thought to belong to it, without descriptions. The quotation is : " Monstera canncefolia, Schott (Pothos canna'folia, Rudge) ; " no mention whatever of the Bot. Ma:;, plant. Schott afterwards discovered that Rudge 's plant was not a Monstera, but a Philo- dendron, and in his Synopsis ArotJcarurn, p. 78, he describes it as P. Rudgeanum. Dracontium lancea;folium was not described by Linnceus, but by Jacquin (Collect, iv., ilS, and Icon. Rar., t. 612). As to Anthurium blandum, W. Bull, mature state, as I have already proved, the two are identical. Now, to show fin.ally and decisively that they are in error, I accompany this with ^fac simile wood- cut of the figure of Pothos cannocfolia, Bot. Mag., t. 603* (fig. 37), and a figure of a portion of the speci- men sent to me by M. Andre as " the true S. cannccfo- lium," (fig. 38). Here, then, we have the secret of the confusion. Is it possible that they can ever have compared their plant with the Bot. Mag. figure ? 1 readily agree that they are as different as "day and night," but what difference is there between the true Spathiphyllum canna;folium (fig. 37) and Anthurium Dechardi ? To me and others there is none ! The pl.int M. Andre sent me as the " true S. cannsjfolium " he states to have been received from the Botanic Garden, Brussels, and that the same plant is also cultivated in other gardens under that name ; it is therefore most probably the same plant which Professor Koch refers to in his present communi- Forestry. Fig. 38. — si'.vriiii'iivi.i.uM lanceolatum. spathf. nat. size, green; leaf akout one-fourth NAT. SIZE. DETAILS MAG. there is no such plant, so far as I am aware. The plant I wrote about, and the one I suppose Prof. Koch means, is A. candiduni, and if so he will most probably find that Schott's type of S. Gardneri at Vienna will not agree with it any better than does Schott's descrip- tion, for Professor Koch appears to be unaware that the early numbers of Gardner's Brazilian plants (including No. 1S67) were distributed by Sir W. Hooker, and that when Schott was working at his monograph he had the Kew collection to work with ; it is, therefore, incredible that Sir W. Hooker should have distributed a species different from that he him- self retained under the same number (Gardner, No. J867), and that such a keen discriminating botanist as Schott should have overlooked the error ; and the Kew specimens, having been compared and named by Schott himself, are almost as good as the type. It only remains to speak once more of S. cannxfolium and Anthurium Dechardi. There is no need to raise seedlings of these plants, for in the cation ; the plant M. Andre has sent me is nothing less than Spathiyphyllum lanceolatum, C. Koch, of which I have seen the type specimen in Professor Koch's own herbarium ! S. lanceolatum, C. Koch (fig. 38), is very closely allied to S. longirostre, Schott, of which it is probably only a variety ; it is also allied to S. blandum, Schott, but that is a smaller plant, S. lanceolatum is a tall species, with petioles 2 feet and more long ; oblong leaves, 18 to 21 inches long, 7 to 9 inches broad, rounded at base, cuspidate at apex. Scapes 3 feet and more long. Spathe 7 to 9 inches long, 3 inches broad, acuminate, boat-shaped as in figure, or more exp.anded, yellowish-green out- side, paler inside. Stipes of spadix adnate to spathe for i\ to 2i inches, free part very short ; flowering part of spadix 4 inches long, I inch in diameter. Ovaries conical, creamy white, exserted 3 lines be- yond the polyphyllous perianth. It is a native of Mexico. N. E. Brown, Herbarium, Keiii. * Owing to a mistake of the engraver, the woodcut is not an exact/itc simile reduced, but in all essentials it represeats the plant intended by Mr. Brown. Eds. Pruning is a subject of such momentous import- ance that it cannot well be over-estimated, nor can too much be said about it, or can it be too deeply impressed upon the minds of every one concerned. Like any other art, science, or branch of education, when one department is thoroughly mastered it opens up and clears the way for others. Knowledge, no less than ignorance, is contagious ; hence, when one truth is fully espoused, others join company as if attracted by magnetic power, till a mass of truth is accumulated. If the science and art of pruning were thoroughly understood, thinning would also be under- stood, and so on with every other branch of Forestry till the whole were perfectly known and recognised. In my last article the directions were confined exclu- sively to hard-wood pruning, and now I shall say a few things about Pine and Fir tree pruning. Not that the latter is so often or universally practised as the former, but it is none the less important on that account ; and when the proportionally large area of Pine and Fir plantations, and the enormous quan- tity of individual trees are considered, the loss or gain occasioned by proper or improper pruning, whether natural or artificial, must be very great indeed. I have frequently endeavoured to show that in growth the average annual layer of wood should be nearly \ inch thick. In order to secure this amount of growth the tree must be furnished with such an abundance of branches as to produce a trunk as many inches in girth a little above the surface of the ground as it stands feet in height ; that is, up to that period when thinning ought to be discontinued, say at twenty to thirty years of age. Thinning and pruning are in- tended to accomplish one and the same result, namely, a fair and proportioned growth in the stem or trunk of the tree, and timber of the best and most valuable description. Pruning, how- ever, is sometimes done to accomplish one object sometimes another, and in other cases several combined. The principal use of pruning Pine and Fir trees consists in taking away double or contending leaders, such as often occur in the Silver Fir or Larch. The former is the most liable species of the Conifera; to double leaders, and unless closely attended to till the trees are about 20 feet to 30 feet high, great loss is ultimately occasioned in a forest of considerable extent. In its early stages of growth, and as long as within reach of the hand, the operation of pruning is best done by means of the pruning- knife, hand-saws, &c. ; but when a double shoot • occurs at a height above a man's reach the pruning- chisel must be used. The averuncator is also some- times used with advantage for similar purposes, but is not so applicable to cutting off close contending leaders as the common pruning-chisel is. What applies to the Silver Fir is equally applicable to the Larch ; but the latter is by no means so liable to double tops as the former, unless indeed in very exposed situations. Double leaders in the Norw.ay Spruce, Scotch Fir, and any other species of Pine and Fir, should be promptly removed, and the closer they are cut to the stem so much the better, unless, indeed, in comparatively advanced trees, in which case it is often advisable to cut off a portion of the branch only, say one-third to two-thirds of its entire length, .and not to attempt cutting it close to the stem at all, for reasons quite obvious to the practical pruner. I am not at present going into the subject of fancy pruning, applicable to ornament,il trees or pinetums, as the treatment of such is widely different, and the end in view of another description to that of the culture of common forest trees. There are other branches of pruning, such as shortening unduly long branches, giving direction to a distorted leader, and removal of injured and decayed branches. As a safe and general rule, no vital branch should be cut off close to the stem or trunk, but as far from it as to comprehend sufficient branches or twigs to keep it permanently in a growing state. Decayed branches, on the other hand, should always be cut off close to the stem of the tree, but not so as to injure the bark of the trunk in the operation. Pruning off dead branches is usually done by means of the light hand-saw, and where it is of greatest advantage is at that stage of the plantation's growth when it is sufficiently advanced to lay open for grazing purposes. As Pine and Fir planta- tions are usually depastured by sheep or cattle after the trees are sufficiently advanced by the vital branches being beyond their reach— and nothing contributes more to the comfort of the animals, especially sheep, 270 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March i, 1879. as that of clearing off all ragged, decayed branches to at least S feet from the ground — not only is the value of the plantation as grazing ground enhanced by removing all decayed branches that would otherwise catch the wool of the sheep and injure the skins of the cattle, but a free current of air is thereby allowed to waft itself through the expanse, alike healthful and invigorating to l)0th (locks and pasture. The air admitted by removal of the dead branches sometimes contributes to the welfare of the trees and sometimes to their injury, all depending upon the exposure, extent of plantation, and the nature of the soil in which they grow. If soft and clayey, the advantage to the trees is considerable ; but if dry and gravelly, a corresponding injury is inflicted. The removal of dead branches from the stems of Conifera; is a legiti- mate subject for discussion ; and as I may take it up in detail on a future occasion, I shall meanwhile con- clude. C. Y. Michk, CnUcn House, Cullcn, Banff- shire, February 24. Seasonable Notes : Auriculas. — The plants will now be growing freely, and should any green- fly have been left on them after the winter fumi- gatings the pest will now spread rapidly ; as it is dangerous to fumigate, because of injury that might accrue to the fresh young foliage, the fly ought to be removed with a camel-hair brush. The mealed foliage of many varieties is extremely beautiful when it first expands. Whenever there is any chance of frost at night mats must be placed over the frames. See that no plant suffers for lack of w.aler at the roots, but take care not to spill any on the mealed foliage or in the centre of any plant. Pay considerable attention to airing the frames. This must bo managed so that the plants are protected from cutting winds. Carnations and Picotees. — If these are not all potted no time should be lost in doing so. Many persons place the plants out-of-doors as soon as they are potted, but I do not approve of this. It would be very well if there was no danger from rain, sleet, or snow. A heavy fall of rain immediately after pot- ting would be disastrous. Indeed I have seen a col- lection potted from the frames, which were almost immediately covered with snow. Plants in beds should be looked over and those that have been thrown out of the ground or loosened by frosts should be pressed in with the fingers. Pinks. — The ground between the plants should be stirred up and the plants also be made firm. Protect from rabbits, and see that the leather-coated grub does not eat off' any of the plants. Dahlias. — See Calendar for January and February as to the treatment of the roots. Those who require only a few cuttings may not care to put the roots into heat before the first week in this month. When the cuttings are long enough propagate as previously directed. Hollyhocks. — The cuttings of these take longer to form roots than the Dahlia cuttings do, and they are liable to damp off instead of forming roots, unless the atmosphere is rather dry as well as close. When the cuttings or grafted plants are established, they should be potted into 5-inch pots, placing the plants near the glass in a house where there is a little heat. In two weeks the plants will be sufficiently established to admit of their being placed in a cold frame. Pansies. — Those in beds will continue to grow rather freely in fine weather : it will be necessary to see that no shoots are displaced by the wind, the beds to be kept clean and the surface stirred if neces- sary. Plants in pots under glass will produce a few flowers this month, and the beautiful velvety petals with their rich and varied colours, and the delightful perfume of the flowers cause them to be much prized. Should the plants be intended for exhibition or if it is necessary to have them in flower by a given time, all the blooms should be picked oft" up to within three weeks of the time. In warm weather two weeks would be long enough. Phloxes. —There is yet time to propagate these from cuttings ; indeed tlie plants in the open borders or beds will not have grown sufficiently until this month. If the plants have been in the ground a season or more it will be quite necessary to give a dressing of rich manure to the surface, and if extreme neatness must prevail the manure may be covered with fine soil. The cuttings put in some time in February will have formed roots by the middle of the month ; they should be put into a frame where more air can be admitted to them. Pentstemons. — Plants that were put out in beds in the autumn must not be neglected. They will well repay the trouble of stirring the surface of the beds and placing sticks to the plants as they start into growth. If the plants have been wintered in frames they may be planted out, and, like the Phloxes, they enjoy rich soil to grow in. Pyrethrums. — Plants that have been wintered in pots should now be planted in prepared beds or in the herbaceous borders. Remove decaying leaves from established plants out-of-doors, and surface-dress the beds ; indeed, it may be taken for gr.anted that in all cases this should be done with gross feeding plants, and the manure can always be just covered over with fine soil. Gladioli. — To have a continuous bloom plant at intervals of two weeks, but the largest portion of the stock should be planted by the end of March in the South. Two weeks later will be early enough in Scotland and the North of England. Plant out those bulbs that were st.arted in pots in February. Any plants above-ground should be protected on frosty nights with an inverted flower-pot. Tulips. — If the weather is mild and other circum- stances favourable, these will have made a strong healthy growth, and the flower-buds will show con- spicuous. Mulch the surface of the beds with rotten stable manure. This arrests evaporation and prevents the frosts from causing any material injury. In wet, cold districts, it is quite necessary to cover the plants on frosty nights, and especially after wet. Polyanthuses. — These require very similar atten- tion to that of the Auriculas. The trusseswill be coming up strongly, and by the middle of the month the clear golden edge can be seen on the yet unexpanded flowers. Watering, airing the frame, and watching the gradual development of the flowers, is pleasant work. The true florist derives more pleasure, per- haps, from a few Polyanthuses or Auriculas than the owner of scores of glasshouses, who seldom sees his flowers except in their cut state at dinner parties, &c. Chrysanthemums.— All the cuttings of these should be put in by the end of the month. They do not require much heat, but will strike root in a very slight hotbed. Cuttings that were put in early in the year will now be so far advanced as to require potting. The plants may either be placed in a cold frame, or they will grow more freely in a greenhouse, if large specimens are required. Take advantage of their being under glass to fumigate for the destruction of insect pests. J. Douglas. ^arbcii Operations. KITCHEM GARDEN. By the aid of the contrivance we recommended in the foregoing Calendar under this head, to be used for advancing in some degree those matters to which we alluded, we were enabled to make sowings of Carrots, Turnips, and a good successional lot of Peas; plantings of Beans and Potatos were likewise made under similar conditions. Beyond these operati ns but little could be done, and much ordinary work still stands in abeyance owing to the force of opposing circum- stances. After so long a period of inclement weather there will be much in this department to do. When a suitable change ensues take advantage of the first opportunity to sow Onions, Carrots, and Parsnips for the main crop, and make a sowing of the autumn section of liroccoli, such as Veitch's Autumn Giant, and Protecting and Walcheren Cauliflower to suc- ceed those already sown under glass or in other shel- tered places. Sow also the seeds of all the different kinds of Winter Greens and Brussels Sprouts. These seeds require to be got in early, as the plants cannot well be grown too large before winter sets in. With regard to sowing Broccoli more discretion is needed. If the plants are intended for an upland place sow early, if for a lowland position the end of April will be soon enough. Amongst the section ofWinterGreens we may safely enumerate Cottagers' Kale and Chou de Milan as being two of the most hardy and useful kinds. We have gathered from this year's experience as well as of former ones, that the Savoy Cabbage is one of the most hardy subjects of its kind extant, pro- vided it be not sown too early in the year ; it will therefore be necessary and advisable to divide the sowings of this crop — making one as soon as prac- ticable, and another about the end of April. In making such sowings as these we strongly advise due precautions being taken at the time to prevent those bold depredators, the greenfinches, from getting at the seeds. We usually select an open spot for seeding purposes, and lay out a long bed 4 feet or 5 feet wide, which we cover entirely with nets, lioth for the sake of preventing dekay and .annoyance. Sowings of Lettuce, both Cos and Cabbage varieties, and Leeks, should also be made. As soon as time and circumstances will permit let the Asparagus beds be attended to ; if these have not been forked over it should ere long be done, and done in a careful way by breaking down finely all lumpy stufl' and removing all stones, iNic, which will be likely to interfere with the free growth of the heads ; before cutting time arrives, the surface should be raked over .and the soil rendered fine. Should any further preparation be requisite where Cauliflowers are to be planted lei it be accomplished, as the time for setting these plants out will speedily be here. The Globe Artichoke stools present a sorry plight at the present time, and it will not be at all surprising to find by-and-by that many of these are irrecoverably lost. Forcing Department. — Let every attention be bestowed on the subjects which are included in this department, as an inadequate supply of edibles from out-of-door quarters will necessarily increase the demand from other sources of supply. As advancing crops of French Beans approach the blooming period let them be surface-mulched with a good rich com- post. Water copiously whenever required with weak manure-water, and keep up successional sowings. After this period Canadian Wonder will be found to be a desirable kind for this sort of work. See that recently planted out crops of Potatos be soiled up before the growth is too much advanced to be injured by this operation. Thin out the crops of Carrots and Radishes, and carefully attend to the latter which are in frames, in the way of ventilation, until such time as rough leaves are made, likewise see in the same manner to seeds of Broccoli, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Lettuce, &c., which are placed under the same con- ditions. Abund.antly ventilate those Cauliflower plants which are shortly to be planted out, and before the plants become large remove all surplus plants which may have been pricked out between others in hand-glasses, in a careful way, so as not to check those which are intended to remain from coming in first. G. T. Miles, iVyconik Al'bey. FRUIT HOUSES. Pines. — To the cultivators of Pine-apples the summer season has become a matter of much more moment than it formerly was, under present and altered circumstances, for since the introduction of such large quantities of foreign Pine-apples into the English and other markets, many commercial growers have dis- continued to cultivate them altogether. As the supplies of high quality have so far been confined to the winter season only, it is a fortunate circumstance that private growers have not followed in the wake of others, or had it been so the supply for the remaining part of the year — which embraces a very important time in this country, namely, the London season — would indubitably again have attained those almost fabulous prices which one was wont to hsar about in bygone days. In this way the growers will now be able to dispose readily during the summer months of any surplus fruit at prices which will fa\ourably compare, if not exceed, those which have been obtained during recent years. I am induced, by the above con- siderations, to recommend the extension -of the culti- vation of summer fruiting kinds, among which the Queen still stands unrivalled, and that not merely on account of its high quality but also for its adaptability for these requirements, as very excellent fruit of it can be had under the modern system of ci!l- tivation within a period of sixteen or eighteen months from the starting point. Our plan with regard to the plants which are to give the subsequent summer's supply of fruit is to range them in two sections — the first lot being a selection of the most vigorous out of the autumn -potted suckers which have been kept quietly moving throughout the winter months ; these plants are put into fruiting pots at once, 10 and 11 -inch ones, and plunged into a bed with about 90' of heat at the b.ase of the pots. The others are those which are started now, which as soon as they have roots sufficient are forthwith shifted on into pots of the size before named .and afterwards treated identically to the preceding lot. The present system of cultivation has dispensed with much time, attention, and expense, which formerly were entailed. March i, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 271 in the operations of disrooting, repotting, restarting, re- growing, and top-dressing, &c., but still the matters referred to above are equally as important, and unremitting attention to details is required if the highest standard of cultivation is to be obtained. In those places where such plants are located, provide every inducement by ordinary means to secure a good sturdy growth. Keep the night temperature of recently potted plants at from 60° to 65°, and about 70° in the ilaytime by lire-heat, allowing another 10'^ or more by the influence of sunshine. Where rootless suckers are placed keep the atmosphere moist and confined, and apply no water at the roots until these become visible at the sides of the pot. In other compartments proceed in the same manner as before advised. G. T. Miles, JVycoml'C Abbey. Vines. — A return to severe weather, with every appearance of its continuance, will decide the fate of m.any sets of Vines that have been allowed to languish in cold wet borders, as no amount of coaxing or weighting under a sunless sky, will set right that which should have lieen corrected with steel forks and new loam last August. It will also prove the value of good inside borders well filled with active roots for supporting a strain that has not been experienced for many years. Where early \'ines have gone wrong, and repLanting has been decided upon, no time should be lost in securing a stock of cut-back canes for shaking out and replanting when they have started into growth, or where a good propagating pit is at command eyes put in now will be fit for planting in May, with every prospect of their filling the house with clean healthy rods true to name and free from Phylloxera. If planted in narrow internal borders composed of good old turf, bones, and charred refuse, resting on clean drainage, supernumeraries may be introduced for fruiting next year, while the permanent Vines are making new growth from a good bud at the base. Grapes now in flower should not be allowed to have a lower temperature than 60° to 65° at night, with a rise of 10" to 15' by day. Discon- tinue syringing. Keep the glass clean, and prevent condensation of moisture by the constant admission of air, providing it can be done without causing a draught. All shy-setting kinds will require careful fertilisation, and where time admits the accom- modating Hamburgh will repay the trouble by pro- ducing heavier bunches of evenly formed berries. Muscats when in bloom should range 5° to 10° higher than the figures given for mixed kinds, and if the shows arejnumerous a better set may be secured by the removal of the surplus bunches before they come into flower. Keep thinning well in hand, as the time is approach- ing when a great number of long-delayed operations in other departments will claim attention. Rules for thinning often fall wide of the mark, and it will therefore be well to leave the person who is best acquainted with the capabilities of his Vines to be guided by his own judgment. One thing should always be borne in mind, that a properly thinned bunch of Gr.ape5 should contain a sufficient number of perfect berries to prevent its falling out of shape when cut and laid upon the dish, with just enough space for every berry to swell to its full extent without losing its natural form. Delays in other departments will have enabled every Grape grower to get his late houses into working order, and the time has now arrived for getting Lady Downe's, Alicantes, and other winter kinds into work. If bleeding is likely to set in, it may be as well to try to prevent it by dressing a second time with Thomson's styptic: but if persistent, steady forcing into foliage is perhaps the only w.ay to get out of the difiiculty. The present season has not been favourable to bleeding, at least where late Grapes have their roots in cold external borders. With us a large old Muscat, having its roots working near the hot-water mains, used to bleed severely before we took to cutting early for bottling : but we never perceived any difference in size of bunch, quantity, or quality. With good borders well filled with active roots the loss occasioned by bleeding is S5on rectified. Cut-back Vines intended for fruiting in pots next season will now be fit for reducing or shifting into 12-inch pots. The compost should be rough sound turf and bones : use clean pots and crocks, and replunge in a bottom-heat of 75^ to So". Keep close and moderately moist until they recover from the check. Train near the glass, which should be washed occasionally, as pot Vines in all stages can- not have too much light. \V. Cokiiian, Eastnor Casllc. Orcii.-vrd House. — In the forcing-house the blossoms will now have set ; the season has been very unfavour.able owing to the want of sun, with cold weather night and day, but with the precautions and treatment, as advised in previous Calendars, a suffi- cient number will have set fur a crop. The treatment of the trees, whether they be bush or pyramid, is very different from thot of the usual trained trees, if they are trained to a trellis, as they are even in orchard-houses. The way is to train a leading growth from the point of last year's young wood, and another growth from near the base, Vjut as this produces two young shoots fur the production of bearing wood in place of one, it is also necessary to thin out some of the worst of the old wood, and in that way old trees are main- tained in good condition. The pinching system desirable for the production of the best-formed bush or pyramid trees is more intricate. It is easy to say pinch at every fourth or fifth leaf as often as young wood is produced, but this would be misleading. It is quite safe to pinch the point out of all the strong growing shoots at this early season ; such will start again, and produce two or three more growths much weaker and of a better character than the first. There are a class of growths very much weaker, which ought not to be stopped at all. They may average i foot in length when fully developed, and every buil that will be formed on the shoot in the autumn will probably be a blossom-bud except that at the point, consequently if that is cut oft' there can be no growth, and the shoot will die back to its base. Owing to stopping all the gross shoots the trees become much more thickly studded with young wood than they ought to be, which would prevent the proper ripening of the fruit in the autumn, and also of the wood itself. A judicious use of the pruning-knife is necessary to thin out all the wood during the growing season that will not be required for next year, and while doing this see that the trees are kept from becoming of a straggling habit. When the fruit is fairly set the trees should have a thorough syringing to cleanse them from decayed blossoms, and also any traces of red-spider that may have appeared during the period of setting. The temperature of the house may be raised to 60' at night, falling to 55" on cold nights. There is no need at present to hurry forward the trees in the late house. Still keep the ventilators quite open by day, and even at night they may be partially open. If there is a heating apparatus it will not be necessary to retard them, the object in doing so being merely to keep the blossoms from opening until as late a period as possible. I would urge the importance of making sure that all the trees are suffi- ciently supplied with water at the roots. J. Douglas. Orange Trees in Pots. — We have a few trees of the St. Michael's variety at present in flower, and so full are they of blossoms that at least nine-tenths of them might be cut oft' in the form of sprays, and plenty would yet remain to set for fruit. This shows the value of such trees beyond their use as fruit pro- ducers. I find it answers admirably to place the trees that have been in a cool house into a vinery, and by the time thai the Vines are well in leal the fruit will be set, when the trees may be removed to a warm house, and fully exposed to the sun. After the fruit is set syringe freely, and supply t'nom with plenty of water at the roots as well. The tempera- ture should be from 60° to 6s° at night. J. Douglas. Strawberries in Pots. — The weather being again unfavourable for forcing operations, continued perseverance and vigilance will still be necessary in forwarding crops that are required for use at an early date. Where plants have set a good crop and are thinned to a limited number as circumstances may require, advantage should be taken of the first opportunity to remove them to a house where the maxi- mum temperature will be about 70°. It is always con- venient and more practicable (where there is not a Strawberry-house) to have something like a definite principle to work upon from the commencement of the season, so that assistants will know exactly how to act in case plants are required to be pushed forward or retarded. The Strawberry delights to swell in a high moist atmosphere, such as that aft'orded in a Cucumber or Melon house, until the fruits begin to change colour, when the supply of atmospheric moisture should be reduced ; but the mean temperature should not fall suddenly or there will be a check to the swelling of the fruits, which will not attain their normal size. The finest Strawberries we have ever grown or exhibited were those which were forwarded in a temperature ranging from So' to 100°. The skin is much clearer, and the colour more striking when they are grown in a high temperature. Feed liberally during the swell- ing period with any safe liquid which is free from poisonous substances, and if the roots of the plants are in good condition they will require watering more frequently. There is no gain to be got from placing "turf trays" or ^'saucers" under the bottoms of Strawberry pots ; they are the merest phantoms, which should never be resorted to where high-class cultivation is carried out. W. Hinds, PLANT HOUSES. Orchids. — Next to keeping what Orchids we pos- sess in good health comes the important point of increasing their number, either by established or imported plants of those most desired. Both ways have their advantages : the established plants will consist mostly of those which have flowered, and whose value as regards variety is known to the vendor, so that the buyer can learn exactly what he is getting for his money. Any one aware of the vast number of imported Orchids whicli yearly enter the English market might naturally suppose that established plants must get greatly reduced in price, but with the excep- tion of very common varieties such is not the case. Good varieties of common species realise more than ever. Well grown plants of some of the first favourites sometimes fetch extraordinary prices. Such was the case a week or two since, when for a noble plant of Vanda ccerulea Mr. Stevens' hammer fell to a bid from Mr. B. .S. Williams of 90 guineas. Another general favourite is Odontoglossum crispum. For several years it has been annually imported by the thousand, yet at the present moment well-grown plants of it in 32's will fetch from 5 to 10 guineas each, according to the variety. Surprising as this may seem it is easily accounteil for, and that without jumping to the common conclusion that most of these imported Orchids are killed through the unskilfulness of the grower and undergo cremation down in the stokehole. In the first place it takes three or four years to work up such a plant as I have mentioned ; it may then go on year after year making one good bulb and spike, very rarely making back or double breaks to allow of propagation. Next, buyers of imported Orchids increase yearly. Lastly, gentlemen now count their plants by the score, when formerly they were content with units. Imported Orchids have two strong points to recom- mend them — healthy constitution and variety. The latter point does not alw.ays come up to the expecta- tion of the buyer ; still the fact remains that some of the most esteemed Orchids have been bought in the imported state mixed among ordinary varieties at very low prices. Those who wish to succeed in establish- ing imported Orchids must consider well what the plants have gone through since growing in their native homes. First, they have been torn from whatever supported them, their roots, and perhaps leaves shorn oft'. Then comes a drying process to deprive them of a certain amount of sap which other- wise might cause decay on the journey ; next the packing with some dry material in a box ; and finally a journey of several weeks on board some hot and dry steamship. During the whole of this time the plants have been losing, through evaporation, a large portion of their vital fluids, and in this condition may be likened to a man brought low by starva- tion. No one would think of bringing such a man round by gorging him with food and drink, neither will these pkants come round by any other than gentle measures. First remove from them all dead parts, cleanse them from all dirt and insects ; next pot, block, or basket them, then immediately place them in a house where plants of the same species are growing well. This done evaporation is at once checked by the moisture of the atmosphere, and reaction sets in. The back bulbs send forward sufficient sap to enable the leading growth to distend itself, and to make fresh leaves in the shape of a break, from which sooner or later proceed roots. Up to this time only enough water to keep the compost or block moist is needed ; but with roots present, waterings must take place at long intervals with a few roots, and as they increase in number and length, more fre- quently until the plants at last are established. This treatment is suited for all Orchids that have in their native homes a decided growing and resting season. The imported Orchids received this year have all, to use an over-worn expression, arrived in_ excellent condition. The most important among these are Odontoglossum Pescatorei, O. Londes- boroughianum, and Cattleya Mendelii. The plants of O. Pescatorei should be potted in pots just large enough to .allow room for one year's growth, the bulbs should be made quite firm by stakes, and a thin layer of peat and sphagnum put lightly over the drain- age. Cattleya Mendelii should have [its pot nearly full of drainage, and requires to be well elevated, they must be made perfectly firm by staking, as the peat and sphagnum they require is not enough to steady them. Imported Cattleyas will make a large quantity of roots on bare blocks, but I have never seen them make commensurate growth. O. Londesboroughianum is an Orchid of great merit ; it flowers in the middle of winter, lasting several weeks in perfection. Having bloomed it with thirty flowers to a spike, I can assure those who have now added it to their collections that they have a plant worthy of every .attention. It is a warm Odontoglossum, or rather a hot one, delighting in sun-heat and light. The collector of it states he found it growing up unshaded rocks, the temperature in the dry season being 110° by day, descending to 55° by night. In cultivation, the Mexican or the lightest end of the Cattleya-house will suit it, and in all probability a vinery would, provided a place was selected where the foliage was scanty. It may not be out of place to state that the finest-grown plant in this country was once nearly lost through wmtenng it with O. crispum. The imported plants should be divided but little— the more back bulbs the better. Either grow it up a long mossed block, or in a long narrow basket with peat and sphagnum, like O. coro- narium. The long-named one is a great traveller, and would quickly walk over the rmi of a pot. J. C. Sfycrs, Bur/mi Lodge, Dorking. 272 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March i, 1879. THE SATURDAY, MARCH i, 1879. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Monday, March 3 J AVednesday, March 5 r Sale of Lilies and Orchids, at Stevens' Rooms. ' Sale of Roses, Gladioli, Shrubs, Trees, fitc, I at Stevens' Rooms. I Sale of Nursery Stock at the Exotic Nur- L sery. Tooting, by Protheroe & Morris. Thursday, March 6 — Meelint; of the Linncan Society, at 8 P.M. ( Sale of Japanese Lilies, at Stevens' Rooms. 1.1...,..,. \i^.^\. ■,) Final Clearance Sale at the Nursery, MUDAV, March 7 -j Leiyham Court Road, Streatham, by I Protheroe & Morris. SATURDAY. March 8 I ^"i.' "' ■*?«'■ """'=' F'"i' Tr=«. &=■• " Stevens' Rooms. THE formation of a Hortus EuROP.liUS or catalogue of cultivated plants, in spite of the long discussions that have taken place respecting it, has not advanced much beyond the talking stage. Unanimity of opinion can hardly be expected at Congresses, and so it happens that even the plan of the work is not definitely settled. This being so it is quite open to us to allude to the subject again, in the hope that by keeping the matter before the public something may even- tually be done. Most of us are familiar with the works of Loudon and Paxton, both of them useful in their way, but full of errors and shortcomings, and in any case by no means representing the present condition of horti- culture. Of still older works there is Aiton's Hortus Keweitsis, a book which, though of course all but obsolete by reason of effluxion of time, is still a model of what a descriptive garden catalogue arranged according to the method of the day should be. One great diffi- culty in the construction of such a catalogue lies in the somewhat conflicting requirements of botanists and horticulturists. The attempt within the compass of one pair of boards to satisfy the requirements of both classes would most probably result in failure. The botanists would be overloaded with details of little or no service to them, the horti- culturists would be weighted with lists of plants a large proportion of which would be of no interest in the garden. Were the question purely one of botany, the course to be followed would be comparatively easy, and at any rate the plan of operations could soon be settled. The Hortus Donatensis of Planchon is a good example of this form of catalogue, while the recently published Arboretum Segrezianum of M. Lavall^E is also a good illustration in its way, but more restricted alike in subject and treatment. A new Hortus Keiijoisis, prepared at Kew with all the advantages of an experienced staff and a wealth of materials, living, dried, and documentary, would be an incalculable boon to botany and horticulture. Let us hope that such instalments as the list of Aroids, already pub- lished, and that of Bromeliaceas, in preparation, may be merely the tentative precursors of a complete garden Flora. For purely horticultural purposes the great difficulty lies in selecting what should and what should not be inserted. LouDON and Paxton teem with the names of species of not the slightest value for garden purposes. The works in question are necessarily for the most part mere lists of names, without any, or without much, attempt at securing accuracy, adjusting synonymy, or supplying references. The conse- quence is, blunders of omission and blunders of commission abound, so that the books in question are of slight value for botanical purposes. Art is long and life is short ; no one individual could hope to draw up a scientifically arranged catalogue involving the examination and comparison of tens of thousands of specimens and the references to an even larger number of printed descriptions and pictorial illustrations. .Such a thing might be done in course of time at Kew, or some other great botanical centre, by the aid of a staff of botanists and the co-operation of outsiders willing and able to take up particular groups of plants with which they might be most familiar and all working under a competent editor and on a well digested plan — but for an indi- vidual, be he botanist or horticulturist, or both, the task is plainly impracticable. Something has been done towards such a catalogue in our own pages and in those of our contemporary the Garden, sufficient perhaps to show the immensity of the task. During Mr. Dyer's editorship oitht Journal of the Horti- cultural Society also some lists, as of Crocuses and Passion-flowers, were given. In Mr. S.\UN- DERS' Refugium, in addition to very valuable plates, monographs of certain genera, as Coty- ledon, &c., are given. In our own columns the following genera have been described and catalogued either wholly or in part : — Agave in 1S77, Amaryllids in 1878, Ceanothus in 1875, Cordyline in i860, Crocus in 1873, Escallonia in 1873, Funckia in 1868, Helleborus in 1877, Ha;manthus in 1877, Hollies in 1876, Iris in 1876, Lilies in 1871, Ligustrum in 1877, Nar- cissus in 1869, Nepenthes in 1872, Selaginella in 1867, Sempervivum in 1874, Yucca in 1870, Sedum in 1S78, Scilla in 1868-69, &c. These genera have been catalogued by Dr. Lindlev, Sir Joseph Hooker, Mr. Baker, Col. Clarke, Mr. Dyer, Mr. Maw, and the Editors. Of the scattered notices on Orchids, Ferns, and other plants, by Dr. Lindley, Pro- fessor Reichenbach, and other botanists, the number is beyond counting. In order that these may be made available for any future Hortus Europaus, we have constructed a MS. index to the principal plants described or alluded to in these columns since 1841. The construction of this rough index — a mere record of names — has given us a pretty good insight into the difficulties attending the formation of a complete catalogue, arranged according to the science of the day, and one possessing value as a scientific record, and not a mere list of unverified names. Meanwhile it is instructive to see what the horticulturists have done for themselves in the way of catalogues. By turning to them we can form an idea of what their requirements are, and of how they can be met. The Manuel des Plantes o(]ACQ\JES, HERlNC\),and Duchartre, a work in the French language, and now re- quiring revision and supplementing, is one of the most favourable specimens of its class. It follows the arrangement of De Candolle's Prodromus pretty closely, and is, in our opinion, a more trustworthy work than Loudon's Encyclopcedia, or Don's Gardeners' Dictionary. ViLMORIN's Fleurs de Pleine terre is an excellent little book, descriptive of hardy plants, but naturally limited in its range of subject. Its arrangement is alphabetical, and it is illustrated with woodcuts, which often find their way into other publica- tions, and not always with suitable acknowledg- ment. The works of Sutherland and Robin- son are of a similar character, and have the advantage of having been, in great measure, drawn up from personal observation. Still as scientific works they have not and are not intended to have much value. Of trade lists we need hardly speak in this connection. They have a distinct purpose of their own, and if they fulfil that no more can be expected of them. Still we are disposed to regret that some of our enterprising nurserymen do not follow the example of their predecessors in the preparation of something more than mere trade catalogues. Knight and Perry's List of Conifers was valuable in its day. The Hortus Duroverncnsis, published forty and more years ago by the late W. Masters, is still occasion- ally asked for. About the same time was pub- lished the Hortus ylddlestonensis, in which a large number of plants were catalogued alphabetically under the respective heads of Trees and Shrubs, Greenhouse Plants, Bulbous Roots, Hardy Perennials and liiennials, Aquatic Perennials, Annuals, Fruit Trees, &c. The English and Latin names, the time of flower- ing, the height, the soil required, and refer- ences to figures were given. Both these works, which we have before us as we write, were moulded on the Encyclopccdias and other publications of Loudon, and were no doubt to a great extent direct copies from them. Of still earlier date (1794) is a "Descriptive Cata- logue of upwards of eleven hundred Species and Varieties of Herbaceous or Perennial Plants," by John Gr.«fer, Botanic Gardener to the King of Naples. For an inspection of this list we are indebted to the Rev. H. N. Ellaco.mbe. The arrangement is alphabetical, and the infor- mation given in tabular form, as in the works we have already mentioned. In the preface the Editor, whose name is not mentioned, after eulogising the author, proceeds to recommend the catalogue to " Public Favor " by reason of its " Prespicuity (sic) and real Utility . . which are apparent, especially to Amateurs and Professors of the Art, by enabling them to obtain what has been long Time ardently desired — aregular succession of Vegetable Beau- ties through the year . . . and in the Use of his great Variety of Herbaceous Plants a more constant and uniform gay Attire for Gardens, than has been hitherto pointed out, or adopted." The great distinguishing feature of this book is the adoption of signs to indicate the degree of value as garden ornaments of the several plants ; thus, a plant with one asterisk affixed is simply desirable, one with two is more so, and so on. The adoption of such indications presents great difficulties, owing to differences in individual appreciation. The Rose elections, which have occupied so much space in the Journal oj Horticulture, do not impress us with the desir- ability of proceeding far in this direction. It is quite impossible within the limits we must assign ourselves to discuss this question fully, but before concluding this notice we must allude to manuscript catalogues made by the proprietor himself or by the gardener. These have great value from our present point of view, because they may be trusted to show exactly what is deemed must useful by the culti- vator himself without reference to public require- ments. Of such catalogues we have two before us from two notable gardeners, enthusiastic plant lovers of pre-bedding-out days. One is the garden catalogue of the father of Sir George MacLeay, who happily inherits the paternal taste and knowledge. This catalogue is a mere list of names and numbers, arranged partly under the genera, such as Crocus, of which there are no less than ninety-four species and varieties mentioned ; Narcissus, with sixty- five ; P;eonia, with forty-one ; hardy Orchids, with eighty entries (it would be difficult to find half that number now-a-days) ; Roses with nearly 500 entries, including a large number not now to be met with ; bulbous plants. Tulips, &c. In addition to this the catalogue is in part geographical : thus there are lists of American plants, while those from China find place in the " Sinarium," and those from Scotland in the " Caledonarium." The topography of the garden itself furnishes headings for plants " on the back lawn, on the long flower border (some 1500 entries), the rosarium, the aquarium, the western border," &c. The other MS. list is that of the Rev. H. T. Ellaco.mbe, of Bitton, the father of the present Vicar, and happily still among us, and as faithful to his love of plants now as ever. In this case, too, love of Nature and of all that that implies, has been most happily inherited, and let us hope will be enhanced by progressive development. Mr. Ellaco.mbe's list, dated 1833, opens with a quotation from the Journal The Gardeners' Chronicle,] Fig. 39.— liioNO.NiA venusta, flowers orange, (see p. 274.) [March r, 1879. 274 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March i, 1879. of a NatiifaHst — a quotation, we venture to repeat, because its truth is such that there is no fear of its becoming a truism, no matter how often repeated : — " The cultivation of flowers is of all the amusements of mankind the one to be selected and approved as the most innocent in itself and most perfectly devoid of injury or annoyance to others : the employment is not only conducive to health and peace of mind, but probably more good-will has arisen or friendships founded by the intercourse and com- munication connected with this pursuit than from any other whatsoever." Mr. Ellacombe's list is a mere enumera- tion of names and numbers arranged under the heads of herbaceous plants, bulbs, Ferns, and trees and shrubs. Though Bitton has lost none of its old repute, we doubt if existing cata- logues would show more than 2000 species and varieties of herbaceous plants and bulbs, as that of 1S32 did. The trees and shrubs number between 700 and 800 entries, including 150 species and varieties of Rose. We cannot now pursue this subject further ; but we shall probably revert to it again, for daily experience tells us, more than it does most people perhaps, that a complete catalogue of garden plants, carefully and authentically elaborated, is one of the most urgent wants of modern horticulture. EiGN'oxiA VENUSTA. — We are glad of the opportunity afforded us by a correspondent — Mr. Coster, gr. to B. S. Bovill, Esq., Froyle Park, Alton — of figuring this fine climber (fig. 39), which i i one of the best of its class, and has the special value of flowering in the dull season. We suspect it may have been discarded from a difficulty in flowering it, but our correspondent evidently experiences no such difficulty, as the specimens he sent were simply gorgeous. The plant is a native of Brazil, and was figured many years ago in the Botanical Hcgistir, t. 249, and Botanical Magazine, t. 2050. It is the Pyrostegia ignea of Presl, a name which its brilliant orange flowers justify, but according to Bentiiam and Hooker the plant is a true Bignonia. We append Mr. Coster's letter :— " I send herewith a cut bloom of Bigaouia venusta, a grand old plant, which I think is one of tlic most vigor- ous growing stove creepers that I know of, making a growtli extending 30 feet or more in a season, and it has been known to cover a surface of 500 feet in tliree years. But notwitiistanding its large amount of growth it does not always flower freely. We first had our plant in a large box, when it made some splendid growths, but not a single blossom did we get. It rather put me out as well as my employer, as we fully expected after such growths to see flowers in corresponding luxuriance. However, we determined to turn it out altogether, and did so last March. It made a good growth all the summer with a plentiful supply of water, and began to show flower in November, but did not open till December. It has since flowered beautifully, and I do not think it has any equal for beauty and comeliness. I may add that our plant has hot-water pipes under it, which doubtless are beneficiallo it. and smce it showed its flowers we have given itmanure- water twice a week. We grow it in a mixture of loam and peat witii a little sand. Young cuttings will strike readily in sandy loam placed in a moist temperature. H. Coster, Gr.. Froyle Park" International Potato Exhibition. — The annual meeting took place on the 20th ult., for the reception of the report and balance-sheet, the latter showing a surplus of ^fiS \ls. Stl. to be carried forward for the current year's expenses. It was further resolved to hold an exhibition in September next, on Wednesday and Thursday, 17th and iSth, at the Crystal Palace. Mr. Alderman Hadlev was re-elected President ; and James Abbiss, Esq., J. P., Mr. Shirley Hibberd, and Mr. Peter McKinlav, Vice-Presidents; James Crute, Esq., Treasurer; and Mr. John McKenzie, Secretary; and an influential committee was appointed. A schedule of prizes was agreed upon, and ordered to be printed and circulated among exhibitors. To meet a suggestion thrown out by Mr. Alderman IIadley at the last exhibition, that prizes should be offered for Potatos suitable for field culture, classes have been made for the best dish of Paterson's Victoria, and also for the best dish o( any white Regent, valuable prizes being offered in each case. The Inflorescence of Crassul.\ce.e.— This subject w.as discussed in a paper read before the Linnean Society on February 20 by Ur. Masters. In alluding to the various forms of inflorescence met with in Crassulacen;, and which often serve as points of distinction between the species, the author alluded incidentally to the systems of inflorescence proposed by Roeper, Bravais, and others, and to the new arrangements adopted by Hof.meister and Sachs. An arrangement was proposed into monopodial or inde- finite, choripodial or dichotomous, where the branches forming each fork are of the same age and of the same generation ; and pleiopodial, where the successive branches are of different generations, the latter, including the sympodial forms, generally ranked as monopodial. The modifications'produced by adhesions of one part to another, as described specially by P.WER, by suppres- sions and displacements of various kinds and degrees, were alluded to, most of the cases of so-called adhe- sion being referred to an irregular lengthening of part or the whole of the axis producing an appearance of uplifting. By this process very many modifications of structure could readily be accounted for in strict har- mony with the internal anatomical structure, which was often (but not always) inconsistent with the idea of adhesion at any stage of growth. Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Insti- tution.— -We have much pleasure in stating that Mr. Serjeant Co.x has consented to take the chair at the thirty-sixth annual dinner of this Institution, and has appointed Wednesday, July 2, for that purpose, at The Albion, Aldersgate Street. Hedges in Russia. — Our Russian corre- spondent, " P. F. K.," writes : — " In my communica- tion on this subject (Nov. 16) there is a passage which is not so clear as it ought to be, thus :^' It is desirable to choose such (Acacias) as have the stems at least I inch in diameter and 4 feet high.' The latter clause should be — 'and cut down to 4 feet high ;' for if the Acacias are I inch thick they will be young trees about S or 9 feet high. I should also state, what I omitted before, that the white Ac.acia (Robinia) grows here very readily from seed. We have young bushy plants the first season 3 or 4 feet high, sometimes more, according to soil and situation. I think this species would thrive well in England, and be very suitable for hedges, particularly as it grows so quickly. It also makes a pretty tree either for the park or pleasure ground." National Auricula Society (Southern Section). — We are requested to state that at the ensuing exhibition of Auriculas on April 22, Mr. W. J. Barns, of Stapleton Road, Bristol, offers a set of patent handglasses of different sizes and value, to be awarded, one each, as an extra prize, to the winners of the 1st prize in eight of the classes. The Winter in the Market Gardens. — The latest edition of winter — one clothed in a gar- ment of Siberian aspect — has been productive of more actual inconvenience, and perchance alarm, than any previous visitation of cold during the past few months. The season for action has arrived, and nothing can be done. Worse than that, with such a snowfall — some 10 inches throughout the metropolitan counties — the soil will for several days after thaw be left in a cold, wet condition, and the work of sowing and planting be proportionately checked. Market growers have found in past mild winters no great opportunities for making profits. An open time, and an abundant season, give plenty in the market and low prices. The present winter has been the reverse of this ; but, on the other hand, crops for market have been so withered that it has taken about three times the quantity to make the customary bulk, whilst the gathering of the same has been at least twice as costly. For several weeks the material available for market has been reduced to a minimum ; and when, in other and milder seasons, there would have been a good gathering of Wallflowers and Violets, now all is barren, and there is but a poor prospect of flowers of either of these profitable market plants being avail- able for several weeks. Market garden labour has had to sufier also ; not only has what work that has been done been performed amidst great discomforts and hardships, but in all directions men and women have had to lay by idle, and, of course, in a state of extreme poverty. Growers are now anxious to sow Peas, Beans, Radishes, Wallflowers, and to plant early Potatos, that the market might he secured as early as possible. It is the early market that pays ; the late market for summer crops generally means a glut ; and this year the crops will be all sown and coming in together. Those who r.ail so freely against our large purchases of vegetables and fruits from the foreigner give little consideration to the difficulties attendant upon the production of garden produce in our variable climate. • Snowdrops in Early Spring. — ^\Vhat a wealth of these pretty harbingers of spring is to be met with in some cottage gardens. When driving through a country district in East Kent a week ago we saw in roadside cottage gardens Snowdrops thickly growing in many places. The base of the hedgerows was thick with them, and in some cases, where the gardens were elevated above the sides of the roadway, the Snowdrops had rained themselves down the bank, and were sweetly blooming amid the grass, having the appearance of a mimic cascade of floral whiteness of spotless purity, mingling them- selves with the yellow Primroses that line the road- sides with happy plenteousness. The Snowdrop, which is so valuable because flowering so early, can be used in many ways with charming effect. They are sometimes planted in grass plats, but they need to be renewed frequently, as the constant mowing of the grass during spring soon kills the plants. A com- bination of Snowdrops and Winter Aconites looks very pretty under the branches of trees on lawns, and a clump of Snowdrops peering out from anywhere is always pleasant to the eye. It is a plant that will thrive almost anywhere, coming np in unlikely places and blooming with marvellous freedom when tho- roughly established. Some Snowdrops mingled with the pretty blue Omphalodes verna are remembered as affording a delicious bit of soft colouring in the spring garden, Effects of the Frost. — Not only has the long duration of winter weather thrown many gardeners and labourers employed in market gardens, &c., out of work, but it has also had the effect of seriously con- tractingthe labour of the flower "coster" — aclasstobe counted by the hundred, who purchase forced flower- ing and hardy plants and hawk them for sale in the suburbs of London, and many other cities and towns. There has been a marked absence of the familiar cry, "all a-growin' and a-blowin'," — indeed it could hardly be otherwise, and one cannot resist the inquiry, in what other class of occupation are these persons found ? Jobbing gardeners — a very numerous class indeed round London — are having a bad time of it, seeing that, having no constant employment, they are paid only for the time they are at work. We know several who are glad to turn their hands to anything in order to keep the wolf from the door. Some who in homely structures have en- deavoured to winter a few bedding plants, have lost all : damp and cold combined slaughtered their thousands of plants. When the thaw comes and glad springlike weather follows, as it is hoped it will, all outdoor gardening operations will have to be actively resumed ; meanwhile, where only the weekly wage is depended on to find food, fuel, and rent, there must be hard times and much human suffering, and the end of the winter is not yet. Conservatories and Snowfalls. — Since the heavy snowstorm which visited the metropolis and its suburbs on the morning of Feb. 21, many a resident in a suburban villa has had to undergo almost unspeakable horrors in witnessing the efl'ecl produced by an avalanche of frozen snow suddenly falling from the roof of his dwelling on to the glass roof of his greenhouse or conservatory beneath, with a result manifestly to the advantage of the glazier, and further, of making a visit to a timber yard a matter of imperative urgency. An examination of many villa residences against which a conservator)' is erected will show that it is placed just where there is the greatest fall from the roof of the house, and where there is an entire absence of any intervening ledge or parapet to break the force of the fall. The soft snow becoming warmed by the higher tempe- rature during the d.ay, falls closer together, and becomes hardened by night when frost follows, and crystallises it into a dense mass. The next burst of sunshine or the internal warmth of the loof sets this frozen body in motion, and when it comes into col- lision with the glass roof of a conservatory the Latter is March i, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 275 often incapable of resislini; the shock. We fear there is little hope of touching the conscience of the builder, as he goes on building in the most uncon- cerned manner, and the hapless tenant has to bear the b unt :f the disaster. It is bad enough to lose one's plants during such a winter, but it is much worse when a smashed roof follows hard on ihc ruins already too apparent. Proposed Testi.moniai. to Professor Church. — In view of the approaching marriage of Professor A. H. Church, and his consequent retire- ment from the olifice of Prolessor of Chemistry at the Royal Agricultural College at Cirencester, it has been decided by the resident Professors and students to present him with a testimonial in recognition of the eminent services rendered by him to the College during the past sixteen years. As many of his former colleagues and pupils wish to co-operate in the move- ment, it has been decided to receive contributions from past and present Professors and students. Any of the members of the committee will receive subscriptions up to March 25, on which day the list will be closed. It is proposed that as soon as the committee have ascertained the total amount sub- scribed, they will learn from Professor Church what form he would wish the testimonial to take. Cheques and post-office orders should be made pay- able to Mr. Michael Falcon, Cirencester ; and cheques should be crossed County of Gloucester Bank, Cirencester. The Weights and Measures Act. — A recent Gazette contains an Order in Council, under the Weights and Measures Act, 1S7S, signifying Her Majesty's approval of the " cental or new hundred- weight " as a new denomination of standard, and directs that the same shall be a Board of Trade standard in like manner as if it was mentioned in the second schedule to " the Weights and Measures Act, 1S78." • Orchids in Flower at Wilton House. — The following Orchids are at present in flower in the fine collection of H. J. BucHAX, Esq., Wilton House, .Southampton, under the care of Mr. Osborne, who has greatly improved this collection since they have been under his supervision : — Ada aurantiaca Oncidium bicallosum Coelogyne citrina ,, serratum ,, cristala ,, macuiatum Colax jugosiis „ siiperbiens Cyptipedium insigne „ cucullatum „ ,, Maulei ,, Wiltoni, fine varieties „ Sedeni ,, pubes „ Roe:lii „ barbatum „ venustum „ virgulatum „ Boxalli Odontoglossuni Alexandra; „ villosum ,, Andersoni Epiphera pubescens ,, Cervantesii decora, Epideiidrum ciliare veral, very fine Lycaste Skin:iei-i, sev;r:tl ,, Pescatorei Maxillaria nigrescens „ c.rrhosum, line ,, grandiflora ,, cordatuin Mesospinidium san;juinetim ,, Rossii mjjus, very fin ,, vulcaniciim „ pulchetlum majus Masdevallia Veitcliii ,, roseum ,, polysticta ,, Uro-Skinneri ,, tovarensis „ carinif-trutn ,, ignea „ gloriosum. „ amabilis These are all fine varieties, well flowered, and in good health. In addition to those enumerated there are about one hundred other species and varieties showing flower, and soon this Orchid collection will be considerably augmented, The Flower Market in Covent Gar- den.— Those of the market growers who experience the inconvenience attendant upon the continual block at unloading time at the Wellington Street entrance will be pleased to hear that the old house which stood between Messrs. Finulater's new premises and the office of Dcsii^n and Work, in Tavistock Street, h.as been removed, and that the formation of a new entrance from that side is in progress. — How to Prevent Rabbits from Barking Trees.— A contributor to the Deutsche G.irlner- Zeitiin^ states that the following is the best and simplest means of protection against these destructive rodents. Take the rind of smoked bacon, and there- with besmear the lower parts of the plants or trees ! One dressing is sufficient for the winter, and the operator working with both hands may get througli a large quantity of young nursery stufi" in a d.iy. For seed beds it is sufficient to dress the plants on the outside of the beds ; and for trees one rub up and down, on one side of the trunk, will suffice to keep the rabbits away. Another writer in the same journal states that rabbits exist in thousands at Ebreichsdorf, in Lower Austria, but that no effective means of keeping them from trees has been discovered. His remedy, therefore, is to kill the rabbits, employing ferrets to hunt them out of their burrows, when they may be shot or entrapped in nets. In another place, where wild rabbits have become a real plague, a kitchen garden, about three acres in extent, was only secured from their depredations by enclosmg it with galvanised wire netting, carried about 3 feet 6 inches underground, and standing a yard above it. Vet another recommends a mixture of cow's urine, slaked lime and train oil. But this is only suitable for trees, and must be reapplied after heavy rains. Pines from the Azores. — The, earlier arrivals of Smooth Cayennes from St. Michael's were not so good t'liis season as usual, but those coming to hand now are much better, and really of excellent quality. Messrs. WEBiiER's window in the Central Avenue, Covent Garden, contained about two dozen fruits the other day which would weigh from 3 lb. to 4 lb. each, large in the pip, very fresh, and altogether of admirable appearance. Fusion of Two Flowers. — Mr. A. Ro- berts sends us a flower of Eucharis amazonica with ten segments to the flower and ten stamens. It is clearly a case of fusion of two flowers, accompanied by a suppression of parts. • Hebeclinium iantiiinum. — As a winter and early spring flowering plant, this highly orna- mental Mexican Composite is found to be very valu- able for stove or conservatory decoration. It has much to recommend it, as it is of neat habit, bold aspect, and produces an abundance of its pale lavender Ageratum-like flower-heads in broad flat corymbs, which last in perfection for a very long period. It is, moreover, of very easy culture, and of rapid growth. Spring-struck cuttings will, if liberally treated, make handsome specimens 2 feet high, and as much across, by the following winter. It should be grown in moderate heat up to the time of flowering, when it may be gradually inured to a cooler temperature, which will prolong the flowering season considerably. Presentation to Mr. William Hinds. — On February 17 a number of the principal gar- deners of Liverpool and a few friends assembled at the Public Rooms, Aigburth, for the purpose of pre- senting Mr. Hinds, on the occasion of his leaving Otterspool, with a handsome gold watch, as a slight recognition of his worth, and the able manner in which he represented Liverpool as a horticulturist, being always willing to render assistance to the further- ance of any cause connected with gardening. The Meteorological Society.; — The usual monthly meeting of this Society was held on Wednesday evening the 19th ultimo, at the Institu- tion of Civil Engineers, Mr. C. Greaves, President, in the chair. The following papers were read : — "Diurnal variations of barometric pressure in the British Isles," by Frederick Chambers. The object of this paper is to show the difference of types of the diurnal variations of pressure at inland or sea- coast stations are due to the superposition on a common type of diurnal variation at all the stations cf a distinct diurnal variation of barometric pressure, such as is required to satisfy the convection-current theory which explains the well-known diurnal land and sea breezes. To show this, all that is necessary is to take the differences in the corresponding hourly inequality of the b.arometric pressure at pairs of inland and coast stations, and to exhibit these difterences in the form of curves, which are then found to closely resemble the curves of diurnal variation of air tempe- rature. "On a standard cistern siphon barometer," by Frederick Bogen. "On the relation existing between the duration of sunshine, the amount of solar radiation, and the temperature indicated by the black bulb thermometer in vacuo," by G. U. Whitple, B.Sc, F.R.A.S. The author has insti- tuted a comparison between the duration of sunshine, as determined by Campbell's sunshine recorder, and the amount of solar radiation as ascertained from the readings of the black bulb thermometer in vacuo, for the year 1877, at the Kew observatory. It is evident that there is a close relation between these phenomena, but owing to the great range of the black bulb thermo- meter the exact nature of the connection is not imme- diately evident. The author says that it may be safely concluded that the measure of solar radiation as given by the black bulb thermometer is only to be considered at any place as an indication of the relative presence or aljsence of cloud from the sky at the locality, and so its use as a meteorological instrument may with advantage be set aside in favour of the sun- shine record which has not the elements of uncertainty attached to it inseparable from the former instrument. "Results of meteorological observations made at Buenos Ayres," by William B. Tipp, Assoc. Inst. C.E. — — Familiar Garden Flowers. — Under this title Messrs. Cassell are issuing in monthly parts, at a very low price, a series of small coloured plates by Mr. F. G. IIulme. The plates before us are devoted to the Tropasolum and the common white Lily. The text is from the pen of Mr. Shirley Hibberd. Commercial Statistics. — The Monetary Gazette has recently published an elaborate chart illustrative of our trade with the world in 1S62-67, 1870-73, 1877, 1878. According to this table it would seem that our total imports from various countries in 1877 amounted to nearly ^^510,000,000 sterling, while our exports for the same period were only about ^75,500,000 ! In 1878 the imports were ^366,000,000; the exports nearly ;^i93,ooo,ooo. French Apples. — Some very fine specimens of the Calville Blanche Apple may be seen at the present time in the shop windows in Covent Garden ; also some very highly-coloured fruits of a French variety sold under the name of Dieu Donne, which name, however, we cannot find in the leading French or English catalogues. It is an old Apple of medium size, with a pale yellow skin heavily blotched with crimson on the sunny side. It has a dry, hard flesh, and is exceedingly pretty ; and that it is worth know- ing is evident from the fact that the retail price is y. to 4j-. per dozen. The Baldwin Apple. — This fine American Apple is now coming into the market in considerable quantities, packed in barrels containing about 2\ bushels each. The samples are described as being of " pretty fair quality," and realise from iSj, to 22s. per barrel wholesale. The Weather. — From the report issued by the Meteorological Office for the week ending February 24, we learn that the weather was very stormy and unsettled— much cloud prevailing, inter- spersed with occasional fine intervals j and thunder, lightning, and hail at Jersey about midnight on the 20th. A considerable improvement took place in the West towards the close of the week. The temperature was below the mean in all districts — the deficits being as much as 10° in " Scotland, E.," from whence some very low readings are reported. The lowest points reached in the shade were 11° at Thurso and 16" at Wick on the 19th, and 18° at Aberdeen and 12° at Glenalmond on the 20th. The thermometer exposed on the grass at Glenalmond fell as low as 6° on the 20th, and 5' on the 22d. The coldest weather over England was at the close of the week, when the sheltered thermometer registered 17" at Strathfield Turgiss, 19" at Loughborough, and 22° at many other inland stations. The rainfall was about the mean in "Scotland, E.," a little less in the north-western districts and " England, E.," hut rather more in other places, particularly "England, S.W.," where hail showers were very persistent during the early part of the week. Sleet was frequently reported from our northern and eastern stations, and in London a very heavy snowstorm prevailed for a few hours on the morning of the 21st. The wind was very variable at the con.mencement of the week, two distinct currents being noticeable, viz., a westeriy to north-westeriy one in the south and south-west, and a south-easterly one in the north. The latter current gave way on the 19th, but on the 21st it again appeared for a short time, and finally disappeared on the 22d ; northerly to north-eastcriy breezes then set in. A westeriy to north-westerly gale was experienced in the south- west on the nights of the 17th, iSth, and 20th, and strong winds in the west on the 24th. Gardening Appointments.— Mr. C. W. Cook, late gardener to Thomas Erocklehank, Esq., Springwood, Wootton, Liverpool, has been appointed gardener to Lord A. E. HlLL Trevor, at Brynkinalt, Chirk, Denbighshire. 276 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March i, 1879. Joint (H^arrtspitknce. • Galanthus nivalis var. Shaylockii (p. 237). — I am afraid that I must confess to having given wrong information as to the two flowers of this variety. It certainly does not bear such constantly, but it is a very curious variety, with such well-marked differences from the type as to deserve a place among the varie- ties named in your article. The whole plant is much smaller than the type ; the spathe is two-leaved or divided, .and this two-leaved spathe is much longer than the typical spathe, being longer than the flowers ; and there is a conspicuous green blotch on the outside of the outer petals. These points m.ike it a much more distinct variety than G. Imperati, and might entitle it to rank as a species, but that the two-leaved spathe is so entirely contrary to the generic character of Galanthus (Spatha monophylla) that it must be regarded as a monstrosity, which, however, is constant. I know nothing of the history of the plant, except that I received it from Berlin in 1877 under the name of Galanthus nivalis v. Shay- lockii (not Sharlocki). Henry G. EUacomhc, Billon Vicarage. In the remarks which accompanied the ex- cellent illustrations of .Snowdrops given last week the chief characteristic which marks G. nivalis var. Shaylockii from all the other Snowdrops was omitted, which is the large green blotch on the out- side of each of the outer perianth segments. This peculiarity, combined with the long bifid folia- ceous spathe, renders it a remarkably distinct v.ariety. The tendency to produce two flowers from each spathe as asserted by Mr. Ellacombe has not come under my notice .as yet. An etiolated form is also grown at Kew in which the ovary and blotches on the petals are yellow, presenting a somewh.it sickly appearance. Though a permanent form it cannot be recommended except for variety. No mention was made of G. Redoutei of Ruprecht, though probably G. nivalis var. major of Redoute is synonymous with it. [We believe so]. As some trade lists for the present year offer G. Redoutei at a high figure and describe it .as "a fine newspecies,"a little information with regard to it will, I feel sure, be acceptable to most lovers of hardy spring flowers. The plants at Kew of G. Elwesi have the petals wholly green save the white wrinkled border, and are quite destitute of the broad white horizontal band above the middle, as shown in the woodcut and also in the Bolanital Magazine, thus showing that it is not an absolutely reliable character. IVilliain GolJring. Double and Single Snowdrops. — In a para- graph on p. 237 respecting Snowdrops, you state it is Mr. E. J. Lowe's opinion that the common Snow- drop dug up from the fields, where it is so well established as to be almost wild, becomes in large proportion double when transplanted to an orchard. This is quite the reverse of my experience. I always look over my double Snowdrops when in flower and take out the single ones and plant them separately. Thus, out of 5 acres of double ones, in four years I have taken out sufficient single-flowered foims to plant over 3 roods ; but in no case do I remember seeing a double one amongst the single ones thus selected. Perhaps some among your numerous subscribers will give their experience also. Christmas Quimey, Fuhny, Spalding. Lily of the Valley. — If your correspondent, " E. K." (p. 246), had plunged his pots, containing the crowns, sufficiently deep in a bed of leaves or tan, of the temperature stated in his communication — 75° or So° — to admit of an inverted flower-pot of the same size as those in which the crowns are being placed over each pot, .and then covered with the plunged material sufficiently thickly toexcludelight and air (the soil in the pots being moderately moist before the pots had been plunged), he would have experi- enced no difficulty in getting the crowns to start. I should say that standing the pots immediately on the pipes, or in any other position where the atmosphere is both dry and hot, is the worst way imaginable to induce the crowns to throw up "their flower-spikes." As we have been considered somewhat successful in the cultivation of this ever-welcome Lily by our neighbours, a few remarks may not be out of place, or without interest to a few of your amateur re.aders: therefore, with your permission, I will briefly narrate the modus operandi here. As soon as we receive our crowns — imported crowns — about the end of Septem- ber, we pot them in an admixture of light loam, leaf- mould, and sand in pots, according to the size of the crowns — 32's and 24's. We then put them in a cold pit (under glass), standing the pots on some sifted coal ashes, and then covering them with sifted leaf- mould, which, as above indicated, excludes both light and air. In the meantime we place a batch — say four or six pots — in a Pine or plant stove, and treat as above described. We have also found them to do very well in the Mushroom-house, the pots being plungetl and covered in deep boxes of leaf-soil and placed near the pipes, and the soil kept moist, when within a month or five weeks they make a good start. When they have made a couple of inches of growth they are gradually inured to the light, and then placed near the glass to prevent their becoming drawn. We obtain a succession by introducing a fresh batch into heat every fortnight, which are treated as already mentioned. //. \V. Ward, Longford Caslle. Like " E. K.," I experienced a most galling failure with " single crowns." I procured some from two consignments and w.as equally unsuccessful with both, although finer crowns I never saw. A friend of mine also bought from the same bulk, and like myself signally failed to get a single bloom from those put into heat in November. He also put a few pots into ashes outdoors, and agreeably surprised himself by having really splendid pots in grand plight by February 18, which circumstance verifies the Editors' remarks. I must now ask " E. K." to join hands with me and accept the lesson taught by our failure, for what I have cited clearly proves that the onus rests entirely on the treatment that my friend and self gave our crowns when in heat, or we should have had results comparative with what he got later on from crowns identical with those forced. IVm. E. - — - The editorial remarks appended to "E. K.'s" complaint about the bad behaviour of his pots of Lily of the Valley in last week's Gardeners'' Chronicle may help to elucidate the mystery, but possibly there are other points in his mode of procedure in forcing the Lily of the Valley that may be at fault, although on the whole he seems to have made a good trial. I am inclined to think that the failure was owing to the crowns not having been kept moist, at .any rate " E. K." does not tell us that he made any special effort to prevent the crowns from feeling the drying effects of a high artificial temperature at a time when all vegetation was more inclined to rest than to grow. By adopting the following plan, I feel sure that " E. K." will have better success in time to come, always supposing as a matter of course that he has good crowns to begin with. As soon as these latter are received lose no time in getting them potted and placed upon a firm bottom in or out of a frame, and without delay cover them over, pots and all, 4 or 5 inches deep, with sifted coal-ashes, and there let them remain for a few weeks, bringing them forward in batches according to his requirements, and being careful at the same time to soak each pot in tepid water before plunging them in the hotbed, which should not be too hot — 65° to 75° will be hot enough, with top temperature ranging 10° lower. The pots should be plunged in regular order so that they can be covered over — crowns, pots, beds and all — an inch or two deep with cocoa refuse, clean sawdust, sphagnum moss, or coal ashes : this again is to keep the crowns moist. It will not be long before they begin to swell and heave up their covering, when it will be necessary to gently and gradually remove the covering material with the fingers, now and again rocking each pot from side to side to prepare them for final removal to cooler quarters. It is often more easy to get flowers than leaves from these early forced crowns, but leaves for mixing with the cut flowers may be obtained by taking up a turf or sod of roots from any old bed or border and treating them similarly to the crowns, the result being mostly plenty of leaves and few flowers. F. //. I conclude from the remarks of " E. K."that he cannot have kept his crowns in darkness, or I think he would not have had such a failure. Potted in the manner he describes, namely, ten or twelve crowns in a 6-in. pot, with another pot inverted over them, and the hole in the bottom of the pot stopped with a little moss to exclude the light, and placed in bottom-heat, about the temperature your corre- spondent describes, with a top-heat ranging from 60° to 65°, I have seldom had a crown fail to start. It is necessary that the crowns should be fully an inch high before the pots are removed, or they are liable to receive a check ; also to shatle them for a few days from the direct rays of the sun, when the pots are first taken off. I can quite endorse the Editors' remarks with regard to moisture, as I have found it beneficial to remove the pots and syringe the crowns once or twice a day, to insure the best results. //. E, Cribble, 'I he Gardens, Cannon Hill, Maidenhead. | There is always a little difllculty early in the season in getting the crowns of this plant to start into growth and flower regularly. If " E. K." had covered his crowns an inch deep with cocoa-fibre after plunging the pots in the bottom-heat he states, he would have found them throw up their flowers much more satisfactorily. The fibre keeps an equable state of moisture around the crowns and in the pots, which is favourable to a good start with this plant. Single crowns are generally recommended for very early forcing, but I question whether they are as good as clumps for this purpose ; the crowns are rarely kept moist enough after being taken up from the ground, and thus lose much of their vitality. J, Roberts, May I remark that although some of my pots of Lily of the Valley may have been in a compara- tively dry position, that was anything but the case with one good batch plunged in a very moist pro- pagating pit, with a covering of fresh moss over the crowns ; in fact the house is so charged with moisture that the moss has kept in quite a saturated condition. Since writing to you hast I see most of the crowns are now on the move and showing flower. E. K, Rhinopetalum Karelini, Fischer. — This very graceful liliaceous plant is now in flower in our nursery. We introduced it last summer, and we suppose it has not yet flowered in Europe, except perhaps at St. Petersburg, in Dr. Regel's garden, from whence it was figured in the Garlenflora (1874, p. 161, tab. 796). We cultivated it under glass in a cold fernery. In the open ground it is said to flower at the same time .as Scilla cernua, we suppose, however, it may be somewhat earlier. Mr, Baker has classified it as P'ritillaria Karelini. The flower-stem is about 8 inches high, the lower part is bare ; the leaves are linear, the two lower larger, unequally opposite.; the flowers are erect, four to six on a stem, their stems borne among the leaves, they are quite erect and show themselves very well when opened, more than i inch across, of a rosy-lilac colour with dark purple spots, which become more pale later. The figures in Gartenjlora and in Flore da Serrcs, copied from the first (tome 21, tab. 2214), are good ; perhaps the flowers are not spiked enough. It is a good addition to our spring bulbs. E. H. A'relagt 6^ Son, Haarlem, Feb. 20. The Comparative Hardiness of Ferns. — I believe with your correspondent, Mr. Walker, of Chester (see p. 244), that many exotic Ferns will live and thrive under a much lower temperature than is generally supposed. It would be a help to others were your correspondent to publish, as he proposes, a list of the more tender sorts that have succeeded in his cold fernery during the winter. In my own case I have a house principally for filmy Ferns, in which the thermometer frequently falls below 4o\ It has no heat except what is borrowed from an adjoining Orchid-house. It contains — Trichomanes multifidum ,, radicans (several vars.) ,, leniforme (large plants) ., venosum ,, javanicum Hynienophyllum aeruginosum ,, dilataiutn (several plants) ,, asplenioides ,, cri^patum „ deniissum ,, flibellatum ,, hirsutum ,, nitens (particularly ro- bust) „ scabrunl Trichomanes alatum ,, angustatum ,, crispum ,, humile ,, pyxidiferum ,, exserium | ,, Luschnathianum (in Ihe coldest part of the house) ,, trichoideum (this is a very fine plant, in vigorous health, on a ' Tree Fern stump as originally imported I Irom Jamaica) i Todeas, including Wilkesiana (many seedlings of this species) ; also the filniydike Asplenium heterocarpum, from India ; Asplenium alatum, A. attenuatum, Polypodium suspensum (a beautiful new species from Jamaica), and others. I believe that most of the above might be cultivated successfully in ordinary seasons in a sunk frame if protected with mats during frost. Dicksonia antarctica, Lomaria procera var, minor, Polystichum lepidocaulon, P. anomalum (Ceylon), Dicksonia arborescens, and others are quite fresh in a perfectly cold frame ; and Blechnum cartilagineum stood quite unprotected in the open air fernery last winter, although probably the present exceptionally severe one may prove too much for it. I think it would be well if a cooler treatment were tried with many of our reputedly tender Ferns. P, Afeill Eraser, Kockville, Murrayfield, Edinburgh. The Rival Brussels Sprouts. — Mr. Hinds in so candidly .acknowledging that, in 1S74, he had plants of Brussels Sprouts from Sorley, simjalifies the matter in dispute very much, and enables us to prove that the plants exhibited by him at the November show here were, as we have contended, *' Sorley 's sort, pure and simple, and had never been in any way selected by Mr. Hinds. It is evident the plants shown in November, 1S77, could not have been grown from Mr. Hinds' selection of plants, the seed from which had only been harvested three months ; it follows that they were grown from some part of the seed produced in 1S75 by the original i>lants had from Sorley, and were there- fore what we have said they were, " .Sorley s sort." The plants shown at Manchester l.ast Novem- ber would l)e the first prodtice of Mr. Hinds' first selection from the original stock. We did not con- sider them equal to those exhibited here in 1877 ; but that may have been caused by the extreme drought of the summer here ; but those shown by ^I^. Lowndes were quite equal to Mr. Hinds' first six. We do not know how Mr. Hinds can have "every year since kept selecting and improving on the strain," seeing that his second selection, if made, will not seed until the coming autumn. Mr. Hinds also admits that he gave Wood the " original form," i.e., Sorley's ; so that it must be apparent to all having any knowledge of seed-saving, from the facts now presented, that there is only one form of March i, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 277 this Sprout. We most cordially agree to show a dozen plants of these Sprouts, " Sorley's" or " Aigburth Improved," at the Royal Horticultural Society's Fruit and Floral Commitee meeting, November iS next. R. P. Ker i- Sons. I find mention at p. 210 of a fine Brussels Sprout which I have grown for many years. I first obtained seed of it from Mr. John Sorley, then gardener to E. Zwilchenbart, Esq., Aigburth. It is now fifteen years since I left him, and since that time I have each year carelully selected the best of my plants for seed, never .allowing it to degenerate, but, on the contrary, have striven if possible to improve it, and I may fairly claim to have had an opportunity of doing so. Mr. Hinds asserts that he obtained the same Sprouts from Mr. Sorley in 1S74, and that "every year since" he has kept •' selecting and im- proving upon the strain ; " the result of this lengthy process of selection being some wonderful advance upon the parent stock. Now, I should just like to ask, What selection worthy of the name could be effected in the period stated ? The opinion of many gardeners in this neighbourhood well acquainted with the original is, that the Sprouts exhibited by Mr. Hinds did not show any advance, but had the usual good qualities of the kind. I can safely challenge Mr. Hinds or any other grower who may have obtained this Brussels Sprout, to show a better or more miproved stock than my own. With regard to the practice of some firms of giving names of their own coining to anything good they may get hold of, I think all must agree with your remarks in the article of last week, that it cannot be too much reprobated ; and though this variety is styled " Lowndes' Im- proved" in one of the Liverpool catalogues, it is not I who am responsible for the appellation, as I have carefully refrained from so designating it. Seed saved by me has been sent out since 187s under the name of "Selected Giant" by Mr. Tames Tynan, of Liverpool, and as such it is now known and esteemed far and wide throughout the country. I forward per rail a stem of Selected Giant, grown from my seed, which has stood through all the severe weather we have had in the open ground without any protection whatever, and which will give you some idea of its hardiness and good qualities. If you wish I will have pleasure in send- ing a few remarks on its culture. John Lowniics, Aigburth. [The plant received clearly proves it to be a good variety, but we doubt if it is any better than the strain of Scrymgeur's Giant grosvn in the London market gardens, and is by no means so fine a sample as was shown at one of the Fruit Committee meet- ings by (we think) Mr. Gilbert, of Burghley. If " the Sprouts exhibited by Mr. Hinds did not show any advance, but had the usual good qualities of the kind," it appears strange to us that the Messrs. Ker should have made use of Mr. Hinds' name without his consent or Knowledge, when it would have served their purpose equally well to have given the names of those who supplied them with the seeds. Eds.] The Cucumber Disease. — My experience may be useful to those who are pestered with this disease. For two whole seasons I was completely beaten by it and could not produce scarcely one fruit quite free from the gummy matter. Seeds and plants from far and near were repeatedly tried, even plants were pro- cured from friends who had not even seen the disease, and grown in healed pits, where Cucumbers had not been grown for some years previous, but all failed alike. "Salus," too, was extensively used and proved useless. Meanwhile the Editors were considted, and their advice practically failed. Thus far the case seemed hopeless ; I had tried all known or likely remedies, and all failed. The most provoking part of the business was that the roots were remarkably clean and healthy, and the plants of moderate vigour, while every fruit was exactly the reverse. Hitherto we had used a small quantity of leaves and stable-dung, prepared in the usual way, placed on the bottom-heat pipes, but this commodity not being forthcoming at the right time we were in- duced to put the soil on and plant without it, the result being a splendid and continuous supply of f^ruit of the best quality. So now, having clearly proved the dung, &c., to be the cause of the disease, I never use any, and have not been troubled with any " stamping out " processes for more than a year. /F. Cninip, Blen- heim, Fell. 18. The Araucarias at Feltham. — The two Arau- carias at Feltham are hardly so good an illustration of the vagaries of "Jack Frost," at which I presume your paragraph at p. 209 pointed, as they are of the art of "how not to do it." The one, 24 feet high, is owned by a cabman, who keeps it pretty con- stantly supplied with hot short stable stuff, and yet it is not happy. The other, 5 feet high — the one that is dead — stands in the small forecourt of a shoe- maker's cottage next door, where last spring it was muddled into a shallow hole with some brick rubbish and hot road-scrapings, under an idea of planting it ; it was evidently an old stager that had been struggling for existence in some out-of-the-way corner. Need I say that it began dying at once ? Indeed the only wonder is that it managed to keep up a semblance ot life until the frost came. T. The Weather in North Notts. — The weather still continues here of the most wintry character, for this day (February 24) it has been snowing all day, and snow lies to the depth of 4 inches. On the morn- ing of the 23d the thermometer registered 8° of frost, and it seems likely to get still severer, for the baro- meter is rising again rapidly. After the severe weather in January had done its worst to the Brassica tribes, we had hoped that there was a chance of February proving a mililcr month, but now another frosty period will be still more serious. The great bulk of the Broccolis here, where they were laid down in the autumn and slightly protected with litter, have stood very well, and young Cabbages, winter Onions, and Spinach, being close to the ground and protected by the snow, are safe as yet. Brussels Sprouts and Cabbages for sprouts are all cut up and rotting on the ground, and I believe the cold east winds did more injury to them than the frost. Unless we have a very fine dry March, the spring will be one of the most backward known for years. William Tillcij. Natural Inarching. — Having seen in your issue for January 21 some illustrations of unusual growth in trees, I send you a sketch (fig. 40) of a common Lime tree which appears as if five growths had started and by natural inarching formed one stem. They arc united for different lengths, .and Nos. 3 and 4 unite again at 8 feet from the ground level. The following Fig 40. — NATURAL INARCHING IN A I\IE TREE. are the measurements :— Circcumference of united trunks at l8 inches from ground level, 15 feet 9 inches. Circumference of each trunk immediately above where they separate : No. I, 3 feet 3 inches ; No. 2, 4 feet 3 inches ; No. 3, 4 feet ; No. 4, 3 feet I inch ; No. 5, 5 feet 10 inches. Nos. 3 and 4 unite againatSfeet from the ground level, and form one stem. Height above ground line where they divide : — Nos. I and 2 are joined for 6 feet ; Nos. 2 and 3 for 2 feet 6 inches ; Nos. 3 and 4, 2 feet ; Nos. 4 and 5, 18 inches. As said above, Nos. 3 and 4 unite again at 8 feet, leaving an open space of 6 feet by S inches wide at its widest part. A. McD. Roman Hyacinths (see ante p. 145).— In con- tinuation of my letter of January 20, I can now tell you something more about Roman Hyacinths, although the first history of them seems to be un- known. One of our French correspondents, wdio lives in the southern part of that country, where Roman Hyacinths are most cultivated, replies to our questions as follows : — Roman Hyacinths have been cultivated in the South of F'rance, near the Italian frontier, for forty-five or fifty years, but it is only in Kite years that the cultivation of this plant has been carried out on so large a scale. F'ormerly the demand was but limited. It gradually increased, in conse- quence culture was developed, but it is only during the last ten or twelve years that it has received its great development. The demand increases every year, and often the supply is not in proportion, as was the case last year, although the annual sale is at present esti- mated at 1,200,000 or 1,300,000 bulbs every year. I have looked over the old catalogues of our firm, and I find that in 1859 it for the first time offered the Roman Hyacinth to the wholesale trade, especially in England and America, and much trouble was taken to make it popular among our customers. This succeeded, especially in later ye.ars, when the early flowering and the use of white flowers for winter bouquets increased. I suppose that our firm has been principally concerned in making this flower popular. In France I find the Roman Hyacinths about that time, and a few years earlier, quoted, too, in Vilmorin's Bulb Catalogue. Our firm sold in 1S57 this article about 25 per cent, cheaper than it . can be done at present, and even at that cheaper price there was more profit than now. A'rcliv^c. Hardy Varieties of Broccoli. — The present winter has tested the enduring power of most kinds of Broccoli to such a degree as to give one a pretty sale guide for the future in making selections from the hardiest varieties. Different systems of culture affect the hardiness of Broccoli more perhaps than any other vegetable of the Brassica tribe. To produce Broccoli plants of a hardy nature the seed-bed should be in an open position and on a rather poor soil, and should be made as firm as for Onions. Keep the young plants well thinned out in the seed-bed, and allow no weeds to prevent a free passage for air around the stems of the plants. Treated thus the plants will be dwarf and sturdy, and will lift with a mass of fibrous roots when large enough to be transferred to their permanent bed, which should be a piece of well- firmed land. Formerly, when practising in the North, I always found Broccoli sown in May and the begin- ning of June and transplanted late in the season hardier by several degrees than when sown in March and April, and I have known them when treated as stated above stand 34° ol frost with little injury. The following kinds have proved the hardiest here this season ; — Veitch's .Self-protecting Autumn, .Snow's Winter White (these two we have cut since the frost), Adams' Early White (this variety has stood fairly). Knight's Protecting, Harrison's Late White, and Wilcove Improved. The last named three kinds, from late-sown beds and transplanted the beginning of August, have proved the hardiest, and with a spell of growing weather will yet give us a fair yield. I should like to hear of other varieties that have stood the present winter without being seriously damaged. y, kolierts, Gunncrsbury Park Gardens. On Tuesday, the rSth ult., death removed from amongst us one whose name has been intimately con- nected with horticulture in Ireland for the past half- century, Mr. NINIAN NiVEN', Garden Farm, IJrum- condra. The groundwork of the late Ninian Niven's after fame was first laid at the Botanic GardenSj Glas- nevin. It was he who first brought those gardens into form and order, and who commenced that admirable arrangement which has been so fully and ably per- fected by his successor, the present learned curator, Dr. Moore. After having charge of these gardens for several years, Mr. Niven found a wider and more remunerative field for his genius, and to it we are indebted for many of the most charming landscapes which adorn the face of our island. As a landscape gardener he had very few equals, and his services were eagerly sought after by noblemen and gentlemen in every part of the kingdom. It is scarcely neces- sary for us to allude to the great taste and ingenuity displayed in the arrangement and management of his late beautiful residence, the Garden Farm. All who visited the place, and held converse with its cheerful and warm-hearted owner, could not fail to bring away pleasing associations of both. lie was a most successful fruit grower, and few men have attained such satisfactory results in the culture of Grapes with- out the aid of fire-heat. Mr. Niven had attained a ripe old age, having completed his eightieth year. During his long and useful life he had an almost per' feet immunity from illness, rarely having been con- fined to the house (with one exception) previous to the attack which ended in his death ; and the very day, the 8th ult., previous to this attack he had been out marking trees in his nursery. Though slightly rallying once or twice during his illness, he gradually got worse, and peacefully passed to his rest on the evening of the day named. Though the funeral was intended to be a strictly private one, and fixed at an early hour of the morning, yet a numerous body of friends and well-wishers were present to p.ay this last mark of esteem to departed worth. It is only left to us to add our tribute of respect to a man who, by the judicious use of rare talent, integrity, perseverance, and industry, had attained the highest position in his profession, and who had secured for himself the admiration and respect of all who knew him. Car- Jeners' Record. Death ov Mr. Le Neve Foster, M.A. — The Society of Arts has just sustained a severe and sudden loss by the death of its well-known and greatly respected Secretary, Mr. Peter Le Neve Foster. Since Christmas last Mr. Foster has been suffering rather severely from gout, but it was hoped that the disease had left him, and he was recently enabled to resume his duties at the .Society. On Thursday, February 20, however, immediately on his return home to his own house at Wandsworth, he was 278 THE GARDENEkS' CHRONICLE. [March 1, 1879. seized with a sudden allack arising from heart disease, and some of his family coming into the room, where he had been sitting by himself for a few minutes reading, found that he had fallen back from his chair, dead. ' Mr. Foster was born on August 17, 1809, and was the son of Mr. Peter Le Neve Foster, of Lenwade, Norfolk. He was educated under Dr. Valpy, at the Norwich Grammar -School, from whence he went up to Trinity Hall, Cambridge. After having taken his degree as thirty-eighth Wrangler in the Mathematical Tripos of 1830, he was elected Fellow of his college. He was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1S36, and practised as a conveyancer till he became Secretary to the Society of Arts in 1853. Mr. Foster was inti- mately associated with all the earlier great Exhi- bitions. He was appointed to carry into effect the provisions of the Act for the protection of inventions in the Exhibition of 1S51, and was also named treasurer for payment of all executive expenses in the original Commission. During his term of office the Society of Arts has flourished as it never previously did and, owing in no small degree to his exertions, it has quadrupled its number of members and increased its resources in a still greater proportion. Much of its work was originated by the late Secretary, and all of it was carried out by him. Even the regidar working of such a society involves no small amount of labour and responsibility, but besides this the Society has been instrumental in promoting a great many public objects, and in all of these it was necessarily upon the Secretary that the burden of the work always fell. From his boyhood upwards Mr. Foster took a keen and enlightened interest in many branches of science. He was one of the first to take up and practise, as a scientific amateur, the art of photography, and on this subject he has written a good deal in the pages of the photographic and other periodicals. He was one of the founders of the Pho- tographic Society, and was on its Council for many years. He was President of the Quekett JNIicroscop- ical Club for a year, and also served for some time on the Council of the British Association, the meetings of which he has attended regularly for the past twenty years. For many years he acted as .Secretary of the Mechanical Section of the Association. He read several papers before the Society of Arts, and was, of course, a constant contributor to its Joiirjial, the whole series of which, from the middle of the first volume, was published under his direction. Mr. Foster leaves behind him a numerous body of friends, to all of whom his genial and kindly character had endeared him. On the occasion of his completion of twenty-five years' service as Secretary a strong committee was formed to present Mr. Foster with a testimonial. The list for this was just about to be closed, the amount subscribed being over ^1200. Under present circumstances it is probable that a fresh effort will be made to increase this amount, so that a fitting memorial may be presented to Mrs. Foster. STA TE OF THE WE A THBR A T BLACKHEA TH, LONDON, For the Week ending Wednesday, I'cb. 26, 1879. jsiP4 Temperature of THE Air. Hygrome- trical De- ductions from Glaisher's Tables 6th Edition. 1, o.< In. 28.94 In. ,.,.., , -0.8744.230.813 4 JO. 4 — 2.5 3= .z n-3 In. WSW 0.16 29.03 —0.7839,228.410.833.0— 6.031.2 93{'n.'n.E. °'' 29.10 -0.6237.825.112,731.0 I I I I I 29,42 —03933 030.5 2.531.5 I ^ ' ^ ^ 29.70 , — 0.11 40.3 22.7 17.6 30.7 i I ' 29-79 —0.0235.827.0 0.8 31.8 I 111 29,89-^-0.0836,030,4 5,632.9 — 8 I 29.1 91 — 7-7 29.6| V\\ NAV, i"-"- 8626.5! 83{!e's'.E. :"■"' I Mean 29.42 .— o.3gj38.2 27.8 10.4 32 5 NNE: N.E. N, — 7.729.2 6.828.71 90. ,NNE; N.E, NNW: 1 NNW: 84.! I NNE:.o In. — 6.829.5 «{1 u sum 0.97 Feb. 20. —Fine, bright and spring-like till 3 P.M., sudden darkness at 3.15 : heavy snowstorm from 3.30 to 3.55, the flakes of snow being of unueual size. Fine after 7 i" M , cloudless at niglit. Snow disappeared. Snow and rain fell in early morn- ing. Temperature of the air at 3 p,m. 41". fell to 34°. 2 at 3.45 I'.M., and was 3.l\2 at midnight, — 21. — Overcast and dull throughout. Cold day. A very heavy fall of snow from 5.30 a.m. to 8 A.M., depth 8 inches, producing 0,79 inch of water as above. 23 Feb. 22. — Very cloudy, sunshine at intervals. A cold day. Sharp frost in morning. A dull day, cold. Sun's place visible at times. Sleet at 11.45 A.^'- » snow fell betwen noon and 7 P.M. — 24. — A very fine bright day. Very cold. Sharp frost in morning. — 25. — Fine to 11.30 A.M., dull to 3 P. M . Fine to 6 p.M , overcast afterwards. Snow between i and 3 P..M. Cutting wind. Cold. — 26, — Overcast, dull and cold throughout- Slight granular snow in morning. Cloudless at night. Note. — The mean reading of the barometer for the twenty- one days (February 5 — 25 inclusive) was 29.25 inches, being 0.55 inch below the average. London : Barometer. — During the week ending Saturday, February 22, in the vicinity of London the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea de- creased from 29.40 inches at the beginning of the week to 29.09 inches by the morning of the i6th, increased to 29.15 inches by the evening of the same day, decreased to 28. 99 inches by the morning of the 17th, increased to 29.47 inches by noon on the 19th, and decreased to 29.07 inches by the afternoon of the 20th, and increased to 29.47 inches by the end of the week. The mean daily readings were considerably below their averages on every day in the week, that for the 17th being i.oi inch in defect. The mean reading for the week at sea level was 29.21 inches, being 0.20 inch below that of the preceding week, and 0.79 inch below the average. Temperature. — The highest temperatures of the air observed by day varied from 454" on the 19th to 37l° on the 22d ; the mean value for the week was 412°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night varied from 25° on the 22d to 35^° on the i6th ; the mean value for the week was 30:^°. The mean daily range of temperature in the week was 114°, the greatest range in the day being 13^° on the 19th and 20th, and the least 6|° on the 17th. The mean daily temperatures of the air and the departures from their respective averages were as follows: — February 16, 38°.6, — o°.l; 17th, 35°.6, — 2°.i; i8th, 34°.2, — 4°.6 ; 19th, 38°.5, — o°.3; 20th, 36°.4, — 2°.s; 2ist, 33°, —6°; 22d, 31°, — 8°. I. The mean temperature of the air for the week was 35°.5, being 3°.4 below the average of sixty years' observations. The highest readings of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo, placed in sun's rays, were II3J° on the 20th, and 107^° on the 19th ; but on the l6th the reading did not rise above 61°. The lowest readings of a thermometer on grass, with its bulb exposed to the sky, were 224° on the 22d, and 27° both on the l8th and 21st ; the mean of the seven lowest readings was 28". Wind. — The direction of the wind was variable, and its strength moderate. The weather during the week was generally dull, and very cold, with frequent rain and snow. F'lakes of snow of unusual size fell shortly before 4 P.M. on the 20th, and there was a very heavy fall of siimu (the depth being 8 inches) on the morning of the 2 1 St. Rain. — The amount of rain and melted snow measured during the week was I.44 inch. England: Temperature. — During the week ending Saturday, February 22, the highest temperatures of the air observed by day were 50° at Truro, 482° at Plymouth, 46^° at Bristol, and 455' at Blackheath ; the highest temperature of the air at Sunderland was 39°, and at Bradford was 39-J° ; the mean value from all places was 43^°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night were 22° at Bristol, 25° at Blackheath and Hull, 25',° at Wolverhampton, 28° at Leicester, 28.^° at Nottingham ; the lowest ; temperature at Plymouth was 31.;°, and at Truro was 31° ; the mean value from all stations was i%\°. The range of temperature in the week was the greatest at Bristol, 244°, and the least at Sunderland, 10° ; the mean range from all places was I5j°. The mean of the seven high day temperatures was the highest at Truro, 474°, and Plymouth 464° ; and the lowest at Bradford, 36,^°, and Sunderland, 364° ; the mean from all places was 40°. The mean of the seven low night temperatures w.as the lowest at Wolverhampton, 29', Hull 30°, and Blackheath 30^°; and the highest at Plymouth, 34^°, and Truro, 37^ ; the mean value from all stations was 32°. The mean daily range of temperature in the week was the greatest at Plymouth, iij^ and the the least at Brad- ford, 4|' ; the mean daily range from all places was 8°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all stations w-as 35^°, being loJ° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 1S7S. The mean temperature was the highest at Truro, 41^°, and Ply- mouth, 40°; and the lowest at Hull, 335°, and Wolverhampton, Bradford, and Sunderland, all 33i°. Rain or sno^i' fell on every day in the week at some places, and on five or six days at most others. The amounts were the heaviest at Blackheath, 1.44 inch, Sunderland, 1.23 inch, and Truro, 1.02 inch ; and the least at Leicester, 0.22 inch, Bradford, 0.25 inch, and Sheffield, 0.29 inch ; the average amount over the country was 0.68 inch. The weather during the week was cold and dull, with frequent snow and rain. A tliunderstorm occurred at Plymouth on the 20th. Scotland : Temperature. — During the week ending Saturday, February 22, the highest tempera- lures of the air varied from 40° at Glasgow and 381° at Edinburgh to 36^ at Aberdeen ; the mean value from all places was 38^. The lowest tempera- tures of the air varied from 17° at Dundee and 18° at Perth to 26° at Glasgow ; the mean value from all stations was 22°. The mean range of temperature in the week from all places was 16°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all places was 3i,{°, being 15° lower than the value . for the corresponding week in 1878, and 4',' lower than that of England. The highest was 33. 'i° at Glas- gow, and the lowest 29,5° at Perth. Rain. — The amounts of rain and melted snow measured during the week varied from 1.90 inch at Dundee to 0.33 inch at Greenock ; the average amount over the country was 0.86 inch. DuDLiN. — The highest temperature of the air was 475°, the lowest 24°, the range was therefore 233', the mean was 36°, and the amount of rain and snow measured was 0.21 inch. JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. ffinquirifs. ' He iJuit questioneth nutch sJiall learn much. — Bacon, Odontoglossum Londi:sboroughianum. — What is the native climate of the new Odontoglossum Londes- boroughianum, Rchb. ? What its elevation? Can you tell me when or where it was described? What should be its treatment? P. H. G. [It is a native of Mexico, and was described by Prof. Reichenbach in our number for December i6, 1876, p. 772. Some cultural details are given by Mr. Spyers in our present issue. Kds.] Budding Roses : Cojistant Readcf. You should have placed the Manetti stocks in a warm propagating pit or frame, to start them into growth, and then you would have found that the bark wotild rise. After budding they should have been kept in a similar struc-_ ture till the union was effected. Ckdar Trees : y. R. If the dead wood is not un-' sightly, we should prefer to leave it on the trees. If it be so, you can do no harm by carefully removing it. Flower-I'OTS : T. B. C. W'e do not recommend the use of either paint or varnish on flower-pots for parlour windows, but suggest instead the application of water and a stiff sciiibbing-brush. Pots made of clay con- taining some amount of salt do not become green, and are easily kept clean. They may be obtained from Mr. Matthews, of Weston-super-Mare. GooLo's ARTirrciAL Manure : J. S. We are in- formed that this manure can be obtained at 69, Hop and Malt Exchange, London, S.E. ; and also that Messrs. Dick Radclyffe & Co., 129, High Holborn, W.C., are agents for its sale. Melilotus leucantha : A. Whitt'uigtou. Ifyou ask for seeds of this plant under the name of Bokhara Clover we should think you would have no difficulty in procuring them from any dealer in agricultural seeds. Monstera deliciosa : E. G. L. Plant it in a good open soil, and let it run freely, and it will grow on into the flowering stage, after which it will blossom an- nually. If not too much shaded, it ought to do planted out and trained upon ^ihe back wall, 8 feet high and 16 feet long, ot a three-quarler span pit, 12 feet 6 inches wide, facing south. Mushroom Stools : IK. 5. P. We do not know any one who makes these seats for sale. We should think any handy carpenter would make them for you if you showed him the sketch. Names oi- Fruit : X Y. Z, The Pear was too much bruised for us to recognise it for certain, but \\t think it is GIou Morceaii. Names or Pl.vnts X. Y. Z. i, Echeveria relusa ; 2, insufficient ; 3, Mesembryanthemum cordifoliuni varie- gatum ; 4, Farfugium grande. Paths : A Coikf/cy, ^\'e fear you will not find any- thing so pleasant to walk upon, if not to look upon, as the well-made asphalted footpaths which are adopted in many suburban districts. If their " unrural " aspect is an insuperable objection, you must make them of gravel or road-scrapings, or a mixture of both. Dig out the soil as you propose ; place a foot thick of any hard rubbly matter as a foundation, and surface with the finer material, which should be of a binding nature, if you would have a smooth, even, and durable path- way. If necessary, the bottom of the excavation should be drained. Pears: \V. N. They were very good, but did not keep long, having been somewhat bruised in tnuisil. PoT.VTOS : ./ Cockney. Our authority is Dr. Latham. . The question has already been noticed in our former volumes. Seedling Abutilons : J. George. No. i is a very fine flower, intense rose, and very bright ; 2 is a much y^? March i, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 279 paler shade of rose ; and 4 a rose-coloured flower shaded with yellow ; 5, orange-scarlet, and shaded with pink towards the base of the petals, is very pretty ; 6 is a Siilmon pink, but not a showy flower, and, besides, is too small. Nos. i and 5 appear to us to be the best. If you could get the latter with refle.xed petals, what a gem it would be ! ^t* Correspondents are specially requested to address, post-paid, all communications intended for publica- tion to the " Editors," and not to any member of the staff personally. The Editors would also be obliged by such communications being sent as early in the week as possible. Correspondents sending news- papers should be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the Editors to see. Letters relating to Adveu- TISEMENTS, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and not to the Editors. Catalogues Received : — Robert Parker (Exotic Nursery, Tooting, Sun'ey), Catalogue of Aquatic and Marsh Plants, Hardy Plants, Violets, Fruit Trees, &c, — Messrs. Thomas Kennedy & Co. (Dumfries), Catalogue of Select Agricultural Seeds. — Max Deegen, Jun. (Kostriz, Holland). Catalogue of Dahhas and Gladioli. — Amies' Chemical Manure Company (79, Mark Lane, London, E.C.), List and Testimonials of Amies' ChemiCi-il Manures. — Messrs. John Laing ic Co. (Stanstead and Rutland Park Nurseries, Forest Hill, London, S.E. (Catalogue of Tuberous Begonias. — Frederick Gee (Biggleswade, Beds.), Catalogue of Vegetable, Farm, and Flower Seeds. — Messrs. Thomas McKenzie & Sons (16, Holborn Viaduct, London, E.C.), Illustrated Catalogue of American Specialities. —Messrs. W. Chbran & Son (Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham, Cheshire), Catalogue of New and Choice Plants and Seeds. Communications Received.— E. G.—D. R. S: Co.— W. H.— D. T. F.-C. F.-G. S.^M. J, B.— J. P.— Foreman.— H. P. (received with thanks, but have been unable to find room for it yet).— A. Mcl.—O. T.— J. C— T. L.— W. N.— J. Roberts (many thanks).— R. S.— W. B. C— D. C. P.— C W. S.— H. M.— Sutton & Sons.— J. T. B.— R. T. C- A. T.-R. I. L.— J. S.— J. P. Karhcts* CO VENT GARDEN, February 27. Business is at a complete standstill. There is very little coming to market, and what does arrive does not move. Jmnes Wedder, Wholesale Apple Market, Apples, 3^-basket ., Cobs and Filberts, lb. Grapes, per lb. Lemons, per 100 Fruit. s. d. s. d. 16-50 09-10 3 &- 3 o ■\ o-io o Vegetables. s. d, s. d. s. d. r. d. Oranges, per roo . . 40-80 Pears, per doz. . . 40-80 Pine-apples, pei lb. i o- 2 6 Artichokes, English Globe, doz, . . 20-40 — Jerusalem, bush. 60-.. Aspara-^us, Fr. sprue, per bundle .. 16- .. — Eng. .perico ..10 0-15 o — Fr. giant, p. bun. 30 o- .. Deans, French, p. 100 30-40 Beet, per doz. .. 10-20 Brus. sprouts, bush.io o- .. Cabbages, per doz. .. i o- 2 o ■ Carrots, per bunch . . 04-06 Cauliflowers, per doz. 20-50 Celery, per bundle .. 16-20 Chilis, per 100 ,, 20- .. Cucumbers, each ..09-16 Endive, Batav. dozen 16-.. Garlic, per lb. .. 06- .. Herb^, per bunch .. 02-04 s. d. s. d. Horse Radish, p.bun. 40-.. Lettuces, Cabbage, per doz. .. ..16-.. Mint, green, bunch. . 16-.. 1 Onions, per bushel., 40-.. — young, per bun. 04-06 Parsley, per lb. . . -.i o- 3 o Peas, per quart ..12 o- .. Potatos, new, basket 10-.. I Radishes, per bunch 01-03 — Spanish, doz. .. 10- .. — New Jersey, doz. 20-.. Rhubarb, doz. ..10 o- .. Shallots, per lb. .. 06- .. Seakale, per punnet 26-.. Spinach, per bushel 5 o-io o Sweet Potatos, per lb. 06-.. Tomatos, per dozen 26-30 Turnips, p. 12 bunch. 30-60 Potatos : — Regents, 100s. to 1305-. ; Champions, So.?, to gos. ; Rocks, 70s. to 75J. ; Flukes, 120s. to 14,0s, per ton. Large supplies, and trade heavy. Plants in Pots. Arum Lily, or Rich- ardia seihiop., doz. 9 Azaleas, per dozen.. 24 Begonias, per doz. . . 6 Bouvardias, per doz.18 Camellias, per dozeniS Cinerarias, per doz. 12 Cyclamens, per doz. g Cyperus, per dozen 6 Dracaena terminalis 30 — viridis, per doz. . . 18 Epiphyllum. perdoz. 18 Erica hyemalis, doz. 12 Euonymus, var., doz. 6 Ferns, in var., p. doz. 4 s. d. s. d. Abutilon, 12 blooms o Arum Lilies, 12 bims. 4 Azaleas, 12 sprays .. o Bouvardias, per bun. i Camellias, per dozen i Carnations, per dozen 1 Cineraria, i2bunches 9 Cyclamen, 12 blooms o Deutzia, 12 bunches 6 Epiphyllum, 12 bIms. i Eucharis, per doz. .. 4 Euphorbia, 12 sprays 3 Gardenias, 12 blms.12 Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o Hyacinths, 12 bplts. 4 — Roman, 12 spks. o 0-18 o 0-60 o 0-12 o 0-24 o 0-60 o 0-18 o 0-30 o 0-12 o 0-60 o 0-24 o 0-60 o 0-42 o 0-18 o 0-18 o Cut Flowers. . d. s. d. Ficus elastica, each 2 Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each . . . . 2 Genista, per dozen .. 12 Hyacinths, per doz. 6 Mignonette, per doz. 6 Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 Palms in variety, each . . . . 2 Pelargoniums, scar- lets, zonal, doz .. 6 Primulas, per dozen 4 Solanums, per doz. 6 Spiraea, per dozen ..12 Tulips, per dozen .. 8 d. s. d. 6-15 o O-IO 6 0-24 o 0-1 S o 0-90 0-12 o 0-12 o 0-12 o 0-18 o 0-30 o 0-12 o 6-10 0-12 o 6- I 6 0-40 0-90 6-40 0-18 o 3- I o C-I2 O 0-30 0-12 O 0-60 0-24 O 6-10 Lily of Val., 12 sprays Mignonette, 12 bun. Narcissus, paper- white, 12 sprays , . Pelargoniums, i2spr. — zonal, 12 sprays Primula, double, per bunch — single, 12 bunch. Roses (indoor), doz. Snowdrops, 12 bun. Tropaeolum, 12 bun. Tuberoses, per dozen Tulips, 12 blooms . . 0-12 o Violets, 12 bunches 6- 2 o I s. d. s. d. 20-60 6 0-12 o 10-20 16-30 10-20 09-16 6 0-12 o 3 0-12 o 10-60 20-60 30-60 10-30 30-60 SEEDS. London: Eel>. 26.— More inqniry is now shown for field seeds, and there is on every side a greater disposi- tion to do business ; in fact, all that is needed to cause a brisk consumptive demand is a spell of favourable weather, during which the present arrears of outdoor labour would be recovered, and the country would thus quickly lose the backward aspect it now wears. English red Clover seed continues to be marketed freely, and prices consequently stand at a most moderate level. In view of the ample supply of home-grown seed foreign samples meet with scarcely any attention. There is a small quantity here of new American red, which is more firmly held. Some disappointment appears to be felt in the United States and also in Canada that the English should prove this season such meagre buyers of American Clover ; a state of things presenting a strong contrast to that of the previous year ; consolation, however, is obtained on the other side of the Atlantic from the strong domestic demand prevailing there, and from the extensive orders received from Continental, and especially German ports. As showing the brisk trade now doing in the Western States, it is stated that the exports of seeds from Chicago, from January i, 1879, to February ir, 1879, were 1,113,393 ^^-f whereas, for the corresponding period last year the tigures were 326,747 lb. For fine white seed the tendency of values is upwards ; Alsike is without alteration ; Trefoils, on account of their extreme cheapness, meet with increased favour. P'or imported Italian and perennial Ryegrass there is a fair sale on former terms. Spring Tares keep steady at the late advance. White Millet for birds, being cheap and good, is in brisk request. The cold weather has improved the demand for Haricot Beans and boiling Peas, yohn Shaw 6^ Sons, Seed Merchants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E.C» CORN. Owing to the nature of the weather reports there was a better feeling at Mark Lane on Monday. English and foreign Wheat was well held, and though the demand continued dull, the tendency of prices was against the buyer. Fine malting Barley was scarce and very firm, while other qualities, in which there was little doing, about supported the quotations of last week. Malt was without particular change. Oats met with more in- ciuiry, and prices were rather higher. Maize was dull and flat. Corn was the turn cheaper. Beans, Peas, and flour were all very quiet, but as regards the last-named quotations were much better supported. On Wednesday English Wheat was well held, as also the the better class of foreign ; but th^re was very little doing. Barley had a steady market, superior malting qualities continuing in demand. Oats were taken to a fair extent, at full prices ; but there was a dull sale for Maize. Beans and I'eas were unchanged. Flour was firm, with rather an improving tendency. — Average prices of corn for the week ending Feb. 22; — Wheat, 37^. 7(/. ; Barley, 345. xod. ; Oats, 20^. y.1. Vox the corresponding period last year: — Wheat, 51^. 3^/. ; Barley, 445. 71/. ; Oats, 24J. \d. CATTLE. At the Metropolitan Market on Monday trade in beasts was more active, prices advanced, and a good clearance was eftected. The number of sheep was much larger than on Monday se'nnight ; there was, however, a demand for them ; choicest descriptions were dearer, and a fair clearance was made. Choice calves were scarce and dear. Quotations : — Beasts, 4.T. 4;/. to 45. 8(/. and 5J. to ^s. 6d. ; calves, <^s. 6d. to 6j. 6d. ; sheep, $s. to $s. 8d., and 6j. ^d. to 6s. lod. ; pigs, 3^. 8d. to 4J. Sd. — On Thursday a full average supply of beasts was on offer, which sold slowly at previous quotations. Sheep were disposed of at Monday's prices. Calves and pigs quiet and unaltered. HAY. The Whitechapel market report for Tuesday states that the supply of fodder was short, trade quiet, and prices unaltered. Prime Clover, 95^. to 105^. ; inferior, Qos. to 90^. ; prime meadow hay, 755. to 84J-. ; inferior, 40s. to 70J. ; and straw, 30^^. to 35.^. per load. — On Thursday a moderate supply of hay and straw was offered, but the trade ruled very dull on account of the weather, and prices were unaltered. — Cumberland Mar- ket quotations : — Superior meadow hay, 84J. to gos. ; inferior, 65^. to 74-f. ; superior Clover, 108s. to 115J. ; inferior, jos. to 95^-. ; and straw, 34J. to 40J. per load. POTATOS. The Borough and Spitalfields markets reports state that there were only moderate supplies, and good Potatos met with a steady sale at full prices. Regents, ioo.r. to i^os. ; Victorias, Jios. to 140J. ; flukes, 120J. to i40,r. ; rocks, yos. to 8oj. ; foreign Potatos, 70^'. to i20J'. — The imports into London last week comprised 55,727 bags from Hamburg, 13,657 Antwerp, 3527 Ghent, 3002 Bremen, 1623 bags 230 tons Rouen, 1128 sacks Boulogne, 847 bags Dunkirk, and 200 Harlingen. COALS. At market on Monday house coals were steady, at an improvement of 6d. per ton. There was a fair demand on Wednesday, when Hartleys gave way 6d. per ton, Quotations: — Bedside West Hartley, ly. gd.; Walls End — Easington, 155. gd.; Haswell, 19^.; Hetton, igs. ; Hetton Lyons, 15.^. gd. ; Hawthorns, i5.r. gd.; Lambton, i8s. 6d. ; Original Hardepool. igs.; South Hetton, 19^.; Tunstall, 15^. gd.; Saivins' Hutton, i6s. 3*/. ; Tees, i8.r. 9;/. BOULTOI &PAU1, Horticultural Builders, Norwich. No. 64. PATENT PLANT PRESERVERS. Arranged to Build on Brick Walls. This is the Practical Gardener's and Nurseryman's favourite Frame, now largely used for storing the great quantities of bedding plants in winter, and ia summer for growin;;; Melons, &c. Section No. 64 shows the frame built on brickwork, with a pit sunk low enough for making a dung bed for growing Cucumbers, Melons, 8:c. This fcrm can be made up to any length required. (See List, free on application.) CASH PRICES, including two glass ends to e?ch length painted four times, glazed with 21-oz. glass. Carriage paid. 100 MELON and CUCUMBER FRAMES Ready to dispatch on receipt of order. These Frames are made of the best red deal, thoroughly seasoned, and fitted by first-class workmen : 24 inches high at the back, 13 inches high in front ; painted three coats of good oil colour, glazed with the best 21-oz. glass, every pane of which is nailed in and bedded in putty — the best method of glazing known, and adopted by the most eminent Builders and leading Nurserymen (see the Garden for January 13, 1877, p. 30). Iron handles to each light, and an iron strengthening bar across. Each light is 6 feet by 4 feet, and 2 inches thick. CASH PRICES. i-Light Frame 4 feet by 6 feet z 2-Light 3-Light 4-Lisht 5-Light 6- Light jC S. d. No. 74. NEW THREE- aUARTER SPAN- ROOF GARDEN FRAME. Our illustration shows a New Frame for Growing Cucumbers, Melons, &c., and for storing plants. It is made to give greater height and more convenience than the Melon Frame, No. 75. The front is 11 inches high, without the light, 32 inches high at the ridge, and 22 inches high at the back. The front lights can be turned back on the lights behind, and the back lights turned on to the front lights, giving access to all the plants. They are made of the best red deal, sides and ends 1% inch thick, 2 inch lights; all are painted three times and glazed with 21-oz. sheet glass. CASH PRICES-Carriagepaid. Size. No. I No. 2 No- 3 No. 4 No. 5 Long. Feet. 16 From front to back. Feet. .... 6 ... .... 6 ... .... 6 ... .... 6 ... .... 6 ... jC s. 3 o 4 15 6 10 8 5 Gearing extra to 8 ft. size and upwards. £ s. d SPECIAL NOTICE. — Carriage paid to any railway station in England, also to Dublin, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, on order of 40^. and upwards. IJreakage seldom occurs. Should any glass be broken we will send sufficient to repair it, carriage free. Packing Cases charged cost price, and half allowed when returned free to our Works. JVew Ilhistrafcd Cafalogite of Greenhouses^ Plant Prcsavcrs., Melon Frames^ ^c.., post-free. BOULTON & PAUL NORWICH. 2§0 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March i, 1879. C O. LAURELS, Portugal, &c. ; LILACS, RHODODENDRONS, Irish YEWS, SPRUCE FIRS, Dwarf ROSES, LIMES, BIRCH. Mountain ASH, ACACIA, PLANES. BOX. ARBOR-VITTE, CHESTNUTS, a few Standard LABURNUM, SEQUOIA, CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA. THUJA, CEDRUS DEODARA, PICEAS, SPRUCE FIR, AUCUBAS ; some other things, great part of them removed last year. Any one can have the lot for X'co. I can give tliem until ne.\t Christmas to remove them. RICHARD RICHARDSON, Cotterham Park, Wimbledon. To the Trade. J AS. CARAWAY AND offer :— PEARS, extra strong dwarf-trained Eeurre Diel, 15.V. per dozen. ,, extra strong, assorted. 155. per dozen, jCs per 100. VINES, strong well-ripened canes, for planting, 42^. per dozen. FILBERTS, transplanted layers, strone, 25J. per 100. JAS. CARAWAY AND CO., Durdham Down Nurseries, Clifton, Bristol. UEEN of LILIES, LILIUM AURATUM. — Impoited IJulbs are now arriving, and orders are solicited. '1 his lovely Lily is quite hardy, and should be gene- rally grown. Before ordering send for Lily List, where allparii- culars are given. Reduced Frices : — Size No. i, 6d. ; No. 2, g'/. ; No. 3, is. ; No. 4, IS. 6d. each. Special quotations to the Trade. ORCHIDS. — Special offer of the following fine Orchids, for £$ 55. (or other varieties in exci^ange for those not required) : — i plant Phalsnopsts Schilleriana, 2 plants Dendro- bium formosum giganteum, i plant Phalsenopsis grandiflora aurea, 4 plants Dendrobiuin cretaceum, i plant Saccolab'um guttatum, I pl.int Dendrobium barbatulum. 3 plants Calanthe rubra and luteo oculata, i plant Dendrobium Pierrardi, i pot Limatodes rosea. All orders to be accompanied by a remitlance. Lily and Orchid LIST sent on application to WILLIAM GORDON, 10, Cullum Street, London, E.G., Lily Bulb and Plant Importer. H O I CE FLOWER SEEDS. c STOCK. East Lothian, very select strains. „ Crimson, superb. For opinions of eminent Horticulturists, see Advertisement in Gardt-ners' Chronicle of Jan. 18. ,, Purple, Scarlet, White, and White Wallflower-leaved, per packet, td ^ is., and 2s 6d. ASTER, Betteridge's superb Quilled Globe (seed direct from Mr. Betteridge). ,, 24 varieties, separate, including Litest novelties, 2s. 6d. „ iz ditto ditto, i.r. 6d. ,, mi.xture of 24 splendid varieties; per packets^., 6d., and is. MARIGOLD, superb Gold-striped French, saved from per- fectly double, beautifully striped flowers, ex. ex ; per packet. 6d. and i,j. COCKSCOMB, Sime's superb ttram. First Prize at Carlisle International Show, and wherever exhibited. Was shown at Edinburgh with comb over 40 inches long. Per packet, is. and 2s. 6d. PANSY, Show, from a superb collection of named Exhibition varieties : per packet, is. and 2s 6d. ,, Fancy, from a first-rate collection of named flowers : per packet, IS. and 25. 6d. Above free by post. TODD AND CO., Seedsmen and Florists, Maitland Street, Edinburgh. iCHARD LOCKE, Red Hill, Surrey, offers the following for cash only :— 50,000 Dwarf ROSES, finest in the Trade, 30^. per 100, ^12 To.r. per 1000 200,000 MANETTI STOCKS, 20s. per 1000, £12 los. per 10,000. •io.ooo SEAKALE. strong, 40?. per 1000; Planting Seakale, 255. per 1000. io?,ooo ASPARAGUS, i-yr., 5^. per looo ; 2-yr., iis. per 1000 ; 3-yr., 20^. per 1000. 100,000 i-yr. cultivated Seedling BRIERS, extra fine stuff, 2?j. per 1000. EWING AND CO., having a Surplus Stock of the following, are offering them at considerably reduced prices, which can be had on application : — Manetti Stocks, Pyramid Pears on Quince, Dwarf-Iratned Apricots, Maiden Apricots. Nut and Filbert bushes. White Mulberries, large Horse Chestnuts, Limes, Poplars, Willows, and Elms ; also the following Deciduous Flowering Shrubs and Climbers : — Cyiissus nigricans, Deutzias scabia, Fortunei, candidissima, &c ; Forsythias suspensa and vitidissima ; Loniceras tatarica and tatarica alba ; Lilac, common ; Symphoric.arpus vulgaris and montanus, Potentilla fruticosa, yellow-berried Privet, Red Dogwood, Spiraras callosa, Doug- fasii, pnmifolia flore-pleno, Reevesli and salicifolia ; Philadel- phus mexicanus and Gordonianus, Tamarix gallica and narbonensis, AUha;a frutex, Rhus cotinus, Kerria japonica Variegata, Virginian Creepers, Lonicera aurea reticulata. I'sic. The Royal Norfolk Nurseries. Eaton, near Norwich. FECIAL OFFER of NURSERY STOCK, all transplanted, and well rooted. LAURELS, Portugal, i to 1}^ foot, 12s. per 100; z% to 2 feet, extra fine, 25,1. per 100 ; 2 to 2% feet, very fine, 30J. per loo. PICEA NORDMANNIANA, 2 to 3 feet, i8j. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, 2^s. per dozen, BOX, Handsworth Broad-leaved, i to 2 feet, 15^. per 100 ; 1405. per looo. CEDRUS DEODARA, 2 to 3 feet, loj. per dozen, 70J. per 103 ; 3 to 4 feet, 20s. per dozen. FIR, Spruce, I to i}4 foot, 255-. per 1000; 2 to 3 feet, 60s. per 1000. HAZEL, ili to 2 feet, 15?. per 1000 ; 2 to 3 feet, zis. per looo. HORNBEAM, 3 to 4 feet, 30J. per 1000; Sycamore, 3 (o 3',^ feet, 20s. per 1000. CHESTNUTS, Scarlet, very fine Standards. i2,r. per dozen. LIMES, fine Standards, 8 to 10 feet, 60s. per 100; 10 to 12 feet, 80.J. per 100. THORNS, Paul's Double Crimson, Standards, as. per dozen. VIRGINIAN CREEPERS, staked, strong, 15s. per 100. GOOSEBERRIES, mixed, strong, i2j. per 100 CURRANTS. White. 10s. per 100. PEACHES, Dwarf-trained, leading sorts, 245. per dozen. THOMAS PERKINS andSONS. 34. Drapery. Northampton. SUTTON'S MAGNUM BONUM POTATOS for SEED.— A qu.antity of the above for sale. Price jSs. per cwt., or 2s. 6d. per stone. Carriage paid and bags free to any station in England, on quantities of not less than 4 stone. Cash with order for above. Cheques crossed Messrs. GURNEVS and CO., Lynn ■ or Post-oflice Orders to Mr. T. S. STEVENSON, Wildfield House, Clenchwarton, Lynn, Norfolk. SURPLUS STOCK. COLCHIC LAUREL, 3 to 4 feet, strong and bushy. SYCAMORE, ij^ to 3 feet. PINUS AUSTRIACA, i to ili foot. LARCH, 15 to 24 inches. SPRUCE KIR, 12 to IS inches. Samples and Prices on application. A. W. PARNES, Nurseryman and Seed Merchant, High Street, Skipton, Yorkshire. DANIELS' NORFOLK GIANT BROGCOLL For use in March, April and May. The largest, hardiest, whitest and best Broccoli in the world. Has been grown during the past season to the enormous weight of 28 lb each. A grand variety, of compact habit, stem robust and short ; flower-heads exceedingly large and beauti- fully white, being well protected with luxuriant overlapping foliage. A most valuable market variety ; sells readily at Covent Garden and Provincial Markets at a high figure. N^P RFOLK GIANT BROCCOLI Cau be obtained only direct from us in our own Sealed Packets. Is. 6d. per Packet. DANIELS BROS., ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT. NORWICH. E. G. HENDERSON & SON THE FOLLOWING NOVELTIES WHICrt ARE DESCRHJED IN TtlE Ni:7a Seed Catalos^ite for 1879. NEW JAPANESE HARICOT BEAN, " The Wonderful." Fruit small, and of a crimson colour Unlike the Enplish Haricot, this forms a delicious marmalade. is.^2S.6d., and 55. per packet. NEW JAPANESE GOURD. Keeps well throughout the winter. After being boiled the inside remains a dry farmaceous firm mass, and is used similar to Potatos. IJ. per packet. NEW JAPANESE RADISH. For winter use, similar pre- pared as Turnips, is, per packet. ARCTIUM EDULE. A Japanese vegetable, eaten like Sea- kale; a delicious dish for wmter and spring, ij. and 2J 6d. pet packet. NEW ALPINE STRAWBERRY, "Mademoiselle Vernier." Seed packets, is., plants is. CUCUMBER-MELON, 32 inches long, cooked and eaten similar to Vegetable Marrow. Fully ripe it has the flavour of a good Melon, is. per packet. PANSY, Multicolor, Fire Dragon and Rainbow, is, each per packet. LOBELIA, Naval Brigade, is. per packet. RICHARDIA ALBO MACULATA, is. per packet. SABBATIA CHLOROIDES, is. per packet. SALVIA FARINACEA, is. bd. per packet. GERANIUM MOLLE AUREUM, is. M. per packet. GOLDEN POINT-LACE PYRETHRUM, is. per packet. BEGONIA ROEZLII (new species), is. bd. per packet. CAPE EVERLASTING FLOWER, u. and 2J. erf. per packet, ZEPHYRANTHES GRANDIFLORA ALBA, 2j. M. SAXIFRAGA BURSERI, is. and is. 6d. per packet. The most beautiful among all the early flowering Alpine Plants. GNAPHALIUM LEONTOPODIUM. ij. per p.icket. CASTILLEJA INDIVISA, 11. per packet. EAST LOTHIAN CRIMSON STOCK, is. per packet. IPOMCEA QUAMOCLIT, var.. Ivy-leaved, is. per packet. GLOXINIA CRASSIFOLIA, 21. 6d. per packet. SOLANUM LOBELI, is. per packet. NICOTIANA ACUTIFOLIA and SUAVEOLENS, is. each per packet. Special attention is given that the finest quality only in FLORIST FLOWERS is offered, such as : Primulas, Calceo- larias, Cinerarias, Pansics, Balsams, Begonias, Cyclamen, Mimulus, Pelargoniums, Petunias, Zinnias, Stocks, Asters, &c.:— See CATALOGUE for description. Bulbs or Tubers of the following may be sent safely through thepost. E.G. H.&Son'sSelectionof thefollowingare fromtheir select and choice cultivated collection, of which they have many thousands now ready :— Per dozen sorts— 5. d. s. d. BEGONIAS, splendid assortment (mixed, 6s.) 9 o and 12 o CALADIUMS, distint varieties 12 o „ 18 o (GLOXINIAS, beautiful varieties .. .. 6 o ,, q o ACHIMENES, distinct and choice sorts .. 20,, 30 GESNERAS, fine selection 4 o ., 6 o DAHLIAS, best of all sections 4 o ., 6 o CHRYSANTHEMUM Cuttings .. .... 26 (New and Rare Varieties of the above, see prices in (Catalogue.) SPIRTEA JAPONICA, with golden variegated leaves, is. 6d. THE PINE-APPLE NURSERY, Maichi Vale, London, W. RHODODENDRON PONTIGUM. T J. MARRIOTT has a fine stock of the P-" • altove, and can supply nice bushy plants, 4 to 6 inches, at 60s. per loco : 6 to 9 inches, at 80s. per 1000 : 9 to I2 inches, IDS. 6d. per loo : 12 to 15 inches, 15s. per 100 : 15 to 20 inches, i8t. per 100. Also 1. 3, and 4-yr. Seedlings, from 41. to 7s. 6*/. per 1000. The Trade supplied. Samples on application. Highfield Nurseries, Matlock, Derbyshire. N^ GUINEA C"0 L L E C TION of VEGETABLE SEEDS, containing 6 quarts of excellent Peas for succession, and 50 packets of other leading sorts of SEEDS, all of best quality. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in England. [•Richard Smith g^ci-^ ^_Wo R c E S T F, R ^i LILIES FOR BEDS AND GROUPS. LILIUM AURATUM, by the dozen, hundred or thousand. at gd., IS., and js. Cd. each. LTLIUM KRAMERI, by the dozen, hundred or thousanj at IS. 6d. and 2s. 6d. each. * LILIUM SZOVITZIANUM, by the dozen, hundred or thovisanJ, at ir., is. 6d., and 2s. 6d. each. LILIUM TIGRINUM FORTUNEI, by the dozen, hundred or thousand, at 9// and is. each. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road. Chelsea, London, S.W. Surplus Stock, to Clear Ground. MESSRS. CRANSTON and CO, are offer- ing at very reduced prices the following well grown Nursery Stock : — LAUREL, fine bushy plants, 2 to 2% feet, izj. 6d. p«r 100 • ^% to 3 feet, i6s. per roo ; 3 to 4 feet, 30s. per 100 ' YEW, bushy, 2 to 2j^ feet, 20s. per loo ; z>^ to 3 teet, 30*. per 100 : 3 to 4 feet, 50J. per roo. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, K to i foot, 155. prr 100; I to ij^ foot, 20s. per 100; bushy, i^i to 2 feet, 55f. per 100, BOX, Tree, 1 to ij4 foot, 10s. '6d. per too; i^ to 2 feet, 151. per 100 ; 2 to 2j^ feet, 20s. per roo. THUJA WAREANA, 2 to 3 feet, 25s. per 100 : 3 to 4 feel, 30J. per 100. „ LOBBI, 3 to 4 feet, 6s. per d-'zen ; 4 to 5 feet, gj. per dozen ; very fine. 5 to 6 feet, 12s. per dozen. PINUS EXCELSA, I J< to 2 feel, 6s. per dozen ; 2 to 3 fed. qs. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, 12s. per dozen. ., AUSTRIACA, 3 to 4 feet, 6s. per dozen ; 4 to 5 feet, g; per dozen ; 5 to 6 feet, 12s. per dozen. ABIES DOUGLASII, 3 to 4 feet. us. per dozen; 4 to 5 feet, iBs. per dozen ; splendid plants, 5 to 6 feet, aif. per dozen. CEDRUS ATLANTICA. 2 to 3 feet, gs. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, I7S. per dozen. CEDRUS DEODARA, i?4 to 2 feet, t2s. per dozen ; ito 3 feet, 18s. per dozen. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 100; ^to 4 feet. 25^. per 100. CK SPRUCE, 2K to 3 feet, 6s. per dozen; 310 4 feet. 9.^. per dozen. PICEA LASIOCARPA, i to 1% foot, 24^. per dozen; fine. ij4 to 2 feet, 20s. per dozen. „ NORDMANNIANA, ij^ to 2 feet, 15^. per dozen ; 3 to 2% feet, iSs. per dozen ; 2}4 to 3 feet, 24J. per dozen 3 to 2% feet, 301. per dozen. RETINOSPURA PISIFERA, 2 to 3 feet, its. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, i8.r. per dozen. THUJOPSIS EOREALIS, 2 to 3 feet, i8s. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, 24^. per dozen. WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA, transplanted last spring, ij^ to 2 feet, iSs. per dozen ; 2 to 2^ feet, 24J. per dozen; 2% to 3 feet. JOS. per dozen. ACER NEGUNDO VARIEGATA, standard, m. per dozen. SCARLET CHESTNUT, standard. i2.r. te 18^. per dozen. PEARS and CHERRIES, standard and dwarf-trained, very fine, 18^. to 24.^. per dozen. PEARS, Pyramid, bearing trees, gs. to i8,r per dozen. PEACHES, NECTARINES, and APRICOTS, dwarf-tiained. PEARS, Maiden. 30 to 40 leadmg varieties. 40^-. per 100. MANETTI STOCKS, 50.000, from our own selected stock- MARfiCHAL NIEL ROSES, standard and d wart, cxra fine ground plants, ROSES, dwarf Tea-scented, strong established plants, in 5-inch pots. LIST of ROSES, including the new Roses for 1879, 00 application. CRANSTON'S Nurseries. King's Acre, Hereford. Cheap and Good. (The usual Discount to the Trade.) HBLANDFORD is prepared to ofter the • undermentioned NURSERY STOCK at exceptionally low prices, as quoted below, in order to clear the ground : — The quality cannot be surpassed. ROSES, Standards, loos. per loo. MANETTI STOCKS. 33s. per loco. VINES, Black Hamburgh, Buckland Sweetwater, &c., strong planting Canes, 30s. per dozen. CURRANTS, Red, 15J. per 100. [doMO. ABIES NORDMANNIANA. i J^ to 2^^ feet. i8r. to 2«, per ARAUCARIA IM8RICATA, 4 feet, 7s. 6d. ; 841. per doz. BAY, i',^ to 5 feet, bushy, 8^. to 30s. per dozen. CEDRUS DEODARA, iM to 5 feet, jis. to 361. per dozen. CRYPTOMERI A JAPONICA. 5 to 7 feet, 3ttr. t0 42i. perdot CUPRESSUS MACROCARPA, in pots, i}i to 2^ feet, js. 10 us. per dozen. ,, LAWSONIANA, 4 to 7 feet, I2J. to 25J per dozen. LAUREL, Portugal, 2 to 3^ feet, 6s. to 11s. per dozen. ,. Common, bushy, il4 feet, iSs. per 100. THUJA AUREA. i',i to 3ii feet, perfect specimens, 181. 10 bos. per dozen. „ ELEGANTISSIMA, I'A to 1% feet, 15.;. to 30J. per del. „ SEMPERAURESCENS, i to 2 ft. 12^. to 361. per doz. ,, GIGANTEA. 3 to 452 feet, 21J. to 30J. per dozen. THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, 7 feet, 51. each, 50J. per dozen. YUCCAS, of sorts, 11s. to 36J. per dozen. HORNBEAM, 6 to 9 feet, los. to 30s. per 100. BEECH, Common, 5 to 6 feet, 16s. per too. HORSE CHESTNUT, 9 to 10 feet, 15;. per dozen. H. BLANDFORD, The Dorset Nurseries, Blandford^ To the Trade.— Vines— Vlnea-Vlnes. WG. CALDWELL and SONS have • still extra strong fruiting Black Hamburgh VINES to offer, excellent stuff", at 5^. bd. each. Also AZALEA AM(ENA CALDWELLIl, well set with buds, i8j. and 24s. per dozen. APPLES. Standard, 40s. per 100. ,, Pyramid, bos. per roo. in all leading varieties. General CATALOGUE of Fruit Trees, Conifers, Roses, &e., post-free on application. The Nurseries, Knutsford, Cheshire, To the Trade. SPECIAL PRICES ON APPLICATION GEORGE COOPER, Seed Merchant, Hertford, begs to offer the following, of the choicest stocks : — BEET,Red.Cooper'sExceUior ONION, White Spanish BROCCOLI. Hills June „ White Globe CUCUMBER, Improved Tele- ., Bedfordshire Champion graph (.Matchless CELERY, Cooper's Improved PARSLEY, Curled, Coopers White SWEDE, Coopers Improved BROMPTON STOCK, Large Purple-top Giant Scarlet TURNIP, ImprovedAberdeen CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, Green-top Yellow from large flowers. MARfil I, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 281 Special List of Cheap Orchids. BS. WILLIAMS, having recently received • from his Collectors and Correspondents In different parts of the world large consignments of ORCHIDS, and through having purchased several Collections in this country, is now in a position to offer good young healthy Plants of the fol- lowing species and varieties at more reasonable prices than it has been possible hitherto to sell at. An inspection is respect- fully invited : — Established. —s. d. Established - ~s. d. Aerides roseum . . 10 6 Dendrobium bigibbum 7 6 ,, crispum .. 10 6 „ nobile ^ 6 ,, virens 10 6 ,, chrysanthum S 6 „ odoratum majus .. 7 6 Epidendrum vitetlinum ,, Lobbii IS 0 majus (imported), from 2 6 „ Fieidingii .. IS 0 Limatodes rosea ? 6 Cattleya Mendelii (im- Lycaste Skinneri S 0 ported) .. 10 6 Masdevallia Lindeni . . IS 0 ,, Aclandias .. JO 6 ,, polysticta.. s 0 „ citrina ^ 6 ,, Harryana .. 7 6 , , Trianiffi . . 10 6 „ ignea 7 6 ,, Warscewiczii deli- Odontogiossum Insleayi cata IS 0 leopardinum . . S 0 „ Warnerii . . IS 0 „ Hallii 7 t ,, lobata 10 6 ,, hystrix JO 6 ,. cnspa s 0 ,, cirrhosum.. ^ 6 Calanthe Veitchii 7 6 ,, pulchellum majus ^ 6 ,. vestita luteo oc- ,, Phalxnopsis (im- culata . . 2 6 ported) .. 7 6 ,, ,, rubro occulata 2 6 ,, Rossii majus (im- Coelogyne cristata 5 0 ported) . . 7 6 Cymbidium eburneum.. IS 0 Oncidium aurosum s 0 ,, Mastersii .. 0 ,, Bauerii s 0 Cypripedium barbatum ,, sphacelatum s 0 superbuni ■^ 6 ,, mcurvum .. 7 6 ,, msigne 2 6 „ verrucosum s 0 „ spectabile.. 1 6 ,, concolor .. 10 6 ., Boxalii s 0 „ flexuosum.. 1 6 „ Pearcei 3 6 „ Papilio 7 6 „ Harrisianum 7 6 „ Krameri .. S 0 ,. niveum .. S 0 Pleione lagenaria ? 6 Dendrobium formosum „ Wallichiana ^ 6 giganteum s 0 Saccolabium ampul- ,, chrysotis .. 10 b laceum - s 0 „ cretaceum.. s 6 „ Blumei majus 7 fi „ Pierardii .. s 6 ,, curvifolium 7 6 ,, pulchellum purpu- Vanda tricolor insignis 10 6 reum ^ 6 „ tricolor JO 6 ,, Findleyanum 10 6 ,, Roxburghii 15 0 Specimens of the above can be supplied, prices of which will be forwarded on application. B. S. WILLIAMS', Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, London, N. To Gentlemen, Builders, and the Trade. ROBERT AND GEORGE NEAL, Wandsworth Common and Garrett Lane Nurseries, beg respectfully to call attention to their large and varied Stock of HARDY. ORNAMENTAL. FOREST, FRUIT TREES and SHRUBS, which are grown at their Nurseries, especially those Trees, &c., which are most suitable for growing in or near large towns. An early inspection invited. All goods delivered free on rail in London, or at own residence, within five miles ef th« Nurseries. CATALOGUES free by post on application. Excellence combined with Economy. WP. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR, Seed • Merchants and Nurserymen, Dundee. N.B., shall be glad to forward copies jf their Priced CATALOGUES free on application. SPECIALITIES. J. CHOICE VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS. 2. SEEDLING and TRANSPLANTED FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, and CONI- FERS. JOHNSTONE'S ST. MARTIN'S RHUBARB, 11. each, qs. per dozen. Llly-whlte Seakale. STUART, MEIN and ALLAN, knowing the above to be a great improvement on the old variety, have grown it extensively, and are prepared to offer it at a cheap rate, viz., 201. per 100, Shirley Hibberd says—*' When I saw your dozen roots in the forcing-pit, by the side of our own, I was astonished at the distinction . . . and was white as snoA^." ^cq 2X5,0 Gardeners' Magazine of January 11. Kelso, N.B. ■D E G O N I A SEED.— -*— ' Handsome New Kinds. Saved from exceedingly beautiful varieties of the handsfime- flowered tuberous-rooted section. The flowers have all been carefully fertilised, so that splendid new kinds may be expected from this seed. is. 6J. and 7s. 6d. per packet. PRIMULA. CINERARIA, and CALCEOLARIA, from Prize strains, the best that can be purchased, each at is. 6d. and 2i. 6d. per packet. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S.. Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road, Chelsea. London. S.W. Bedding Geraniums, Lobelias, &c. GERANIUM, Wonderful (the semi-double Vesuvius), los. per 100 ; stock plants with cuttings on, 2J. 6d. per dozen, 155. per 100 ; Master Christine, 10s. 6d. per 100 ; Leamington Lassie, 5^^. per dozen : all strong autumn- struck plants. LOBELIA, St. Martin^ Blue, 7s. 6d. per 100; Brighton, 5^. ; pumila magnifies, 4^. 6d., post-free. BEDDING VIOLAS and PANSIES, a choice collection. 10s. 6d to 14J. per 100. J. J. MARRIOTT, Highfield Nurseries. Matlock. Forest Trees!^ T GEO. HILL (late John Scott) has a '- • quantity of the following to offer, at very low rates, for well-grown, well-rooted stuff:— ALDER, 4 to 5 feet, strong. BEECH, 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet, stout. BIRCH. Silver, all sizes. CHESTNUT (Spanish), 2 to 2% feet, strong. FIR, Spruce, 2 to 2% feet, and 3 to 4 feet, transplanted. ., Silver, 2 to 4 feet, well-rooted. HAZEL, 3 feet, very strong. OAKS, English. 8 to 10 feet. YEWS, English. Price on application to J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. Special Offer to the Trade. HAZEL, LARCH, and A S H . — HAZEL, 2 to 3 feet. LARCH, I to 2 feet, and 2 to 3 feet. ASH, 2 to 3 feet, and 3 to 4 feet. J. CHEAL AND SONS. Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley, Sussex. QEEDLING BEECH. — One-year Seedling k-? Beech, fine, at 2s. per 1000 ; large quantities at reduced price. Apply to H. W. HUMPHREYS. Nurseryman and Seedsman. Bangor. UON YMUS EUROPyEUS.— Offers for cash : — i-yr. seedlings, gs. per 1000, jQi per 10,000 ; 2-yr. seedlings. 13.?. 6d. per 1000, £6 per 10,000 ; 3-yr. seedlings, i6s. per 1000, jij los. per 10,000; 3-yr. seedlings, replanted. iSs. per 1000. A. RATHKE and SON, The Nurseries, Praust, near Daniig, Germany. Australian Plants and Seeds. EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS, PALMS, CYCADS, FERNS, and all kinds of PLANTS and SEEDS indigenous to Australia, Fiji, &c , supplied on the most reasonable terms. Priced CATALOGUES and Special Quotations on application. SHEPHERD AND CO., Nurserymenand Seedsmen, Darling Nursery, Sydney, New South Wales. (Established 1827.) Agents: Messrs. C. J. BLACKITH and CO., Cox's Quay, Lower Thames Street. London, E.C. Season 1879. VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS of Superior Quality. Carriage Free. Priced Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing select Lists of these, also Potatos for planting. Hybrid Gladioli, and other Garden Requisites, is now published, and will be sent post-free on application. DICKSON AND ROBINSON, Seed Merchants and Nurserymen, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester Special MILLION HERBACEOUS AND ALPINE PLANTS, which must be moved m conse- quence of having to clear a portion of my ground required by the GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY COMPANY, for the purpose of widening their line, 1 have decided, in order to ensure a QUICK CLEARANCE, to offer the same at VERY REDUCED RATES. Priced Lists are being prepared, and will be forwarded in due course, with NEW ILLUSTRATED A CATALOGUE, to all my patrons, also on application. THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London. vRicH^RD Smith kc% FIFTY ACRES of FRUIT TREES.— Apples. Pears, Plums. Cherries, Peaches, Nectarines. Apricots, and other Fruit Trees, as S:andards, Dwarfs, Pyramids. Bushes, Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety, all full of vigour and warranted true to name. Descriptive Price List, containing a sketch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation. Soil. Drainage, Manure. Pruning, Lifting. Cropping. Treatment under Glass ; also their Synonyms, Quality, Size. Form, Skin. Colour, Flesh, Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season, Price, &c., for a penny stamp. TWELVE ACRES of ROSES.— Standard, Dwarf, and Climbing, all the popular sorts ; also 80.000 choice Tea Scented and Noisette Roses in pots ; extra strong Roses in pots for immediate forcing. See Descriptive Price List, free for a penny stamp. GRAPE VINES and ORCHARD HOUSE TREES in POTS. — Grape Vines, extra strong, and warranted free from phylloxera, oidium, and all disease ; Planting Canes, t,s. 6d. to 5.r. each; extra strong Fruiting Canes, js. 6d. to iQs. 6d. each. Orchard-house Trees, fruiting in pots, con- !-isting of Peaches. Nectarines, Apricots. Plums. Cherries. Pears, Apples, and Figs. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. WORCESTER PEARMAIN APPLE (awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horti- cultural Society). — One of the handsomest and most useful Apples in cultivation. For full descriplinn see *' Extract from the ytmrmt/ of Horticulture, '' and Richard Smith & Co.'s Fruit Li-t. which may be had for a penny stamp. Coloured Plates. t>d. earh. Maiden Trees, 15. bd. each ; Bushes, 35'. each; Standards, Pyramid and Dwarf-trained Trees, -^s. td. and 5J. each. TTARDY HERBACEOUS and ALPINE -*--*- PLANTS, their scientific and English names, height, colour, time of flowering, and other useful information. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. Collection of 100 beautiful hardy varieties for Garden Beds, Borders, or Rock- eries, for 30J. T 1ST of all the EVERGREEN FIR TRIBE, J— ^ suitable for Britain, giving size, price, popular and botanical names, derivations, description, form, colour, foliage, growth, limber, use in arts, native country, and size there, situation, soil, and other information, with copious index of their synonyms. Free by post for six stamps. LIST of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising the best selections of Camellias, Azaleas, Ericas, Epacris, Ferns, &c.. free for a penny stamp. LIST of EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, RHODODENDRONS, STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES, CLIMBING and TWINING PLANTS, with their generic, specific, and English names, native country, height, time of flowering, colour, &c., and general remarks, free for a penny stamp. A LL kinds of GARDEN SEEDS, of first -^^^- quality. BULBS. MUSHROOM SPAWN, TOBACCO PAPER, ARCHANGEL MATS, and other GARDEN RL'^tUI.SITES. See Lists, which may be had on nppli'-ntion. •BicHARD Smith &.cs^ t? Worcester ^■4. W ELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA. — Fine trees, 8 to lo feet high, transplanted 2 years since, 36^. per dozen. J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. WM. KNIGHT, of the Floral Nurseries, Hailsham, Sussex, offers from his large Stocks of Standard and Dwarf ROSES. FRUIT TREES of all sizes. Scarlet and other RHODODENDRONS v/ell set with buds, COMIFER/E and EVERGREENS, and DECIDUOUS TREES for Avenues, by the dozen, loo or looo, at very low prices for well-grown stuff. ARBUTUS.— Fine bushy well-rooted Plants, 2 to 3 feet, are offered at 50X. per 100, by W. H. ROGERS. Red Lodge Nursery, Southampton. Selected Giant Brussels Sprouts. LOWNDES' TRUE AIGBURTH STOCK. TAMES TYNAN begs to offer Seed of this ^J celebrated Brussels Sprouts, grown by Mr. John Lowndes for the last fifteen years. It grows to a height of 3 feet, and is completely covered from the top to the ground with large firm Sprouts, whichduring the recent severe weather have resisted the action of the frost most wonderfully. It is undoubtedly supe- rior to any other variety grown. TAe Gardens, Sand Halt, Hoivden, Sept. 28, 1876. " Your ' Selected Giant' Brussels Sprouts is a great improve- ment on the old kinds, being much larger both in stem and Sprout. We have a quantity of fine hard Sprouts already. *' H. Craike." In packets xs. each, post-free. Seed Warehouse, 68, Great George Street, Liverpool. pLARKIA, Hardy's new Double SALMON V^ QUEEN and PURPLE KING. —Two First-Class Certi- ficates were awarded to H. I. Hardy by the Royal Horti- cultural Society, July 7, 1875. '* Hardy's Clarkias. — We have never seen finer double Clarkias than these latter." — Gardeners' Chronicle, July 18, 1875. Caution. — The Trade, to ensure these fine Clarkias true, should be careful to give their orders to the Raiser. Price by the pound or ounce on application. H. I. HARDY. Stour Valley Seed Grounds. Bures, Suffolk. O THE TRADE. 100,000 LARCH FIR, transplanted. 75,000 ASH, transplanted. 50,000 CHESTNUTS. Spanish, transplanted. 50.000 MANETTI STOCKS. 30,000 LAURELS, Common. 5,000 AUCUBAS. S,ooo LAURELS. Portugal. STANDARD ROSES. ASPARAGUS PLANTS. 2. 3. and 4-vr. Extra fine Dwarf-trained PEACHES, NECTARINES. APRICOTS, APPLES, PEARS. PLUMS, and CHERRIES, also fine Pyramid APPLES and PEARS. WM. WOOD AND SON, The Nurseries, Maresfield Uckfield, Sussex. Special Offer. WBALL AND CO., Bedford Road Nursery, • Northampton, having a very large stock of the under- mentioned TREES. &c., in fine condition for removal, have much pleasure in offering them at the following low prices : — ASH. 2 to 2j^ feet, fine, iZs. per 1000. BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, i to ij^ foot, very fine, 12^. per 1000. ELMS, Canadian, 8 to 10 feet stems, with good heads, looj'. per 100. ,, English (upright), 6 to 7 feet stems, fine, with good heads, goi. per 100. HORNBEAM, 2 to 3 feet, fine. 2o.r. per 1000. LIMES, 8 to 9 feet, very fine, 50,1. per 100 ; g to 11 feet, ditto, 70J'. per 100. PRIVET, common. 2 feet, bushy, los. per 1000. „ OVALI-FOLIUM, 3 to 4 feet, very fine, 50X. per 1000. WALNUTS, 6 to 7 feet stems, nice heads. 6as. per 100. CHERRIES, Morello, dwarf-trained, splendid stuff, i8j. p. doz. APRICOTS. Moorpark, dwarf-trained, splendid stuff, 20J. per dozen. ROSES, extra fine standirds, large heads, fine varieties, 4 feet stems, no better in the trade, our selection, 70J. p. 100. APPLES, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, 60J. per 100. PEARS, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, 705. per 100. General CATALOGUE of Seed and Herbaceous Plants post- free on application. Seed Potatos. LAWRENSON AND STRIKE, Seedsmen, Stockton-on- lees, have fur immediate disposal about 35 tons of American Wonder, short top and an enormous cropper, j-urpa-sing Snowflake in beauty and fertility, and not liable to disease. Price 115. per cwt. . or ^10 per ton. Myatt's Prolific and Royal Ashleaf at low prices. Samples forwarded it" desired. MILLER AND JOHNSON (Established 1855) Manufacture the highest quality of ARTIFICIAL MANURES For Root, Corn, and Grass Crops. 36. Mark Lane. London. PEAT, Black or Brown fibrous, of superior quality for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Orchids, &c., at £,\ 4?. per 6-ton truck, put on rail at Camberley Station, bouth-Western Railway. — Address, W. TARRY. Bagshot, Surrey. PEAT for RHODODENDRONS and ordi- nary POT PLANTS, in trucks containing 14 yards or luads. put on rail at Rmgwood Station, £,i \^s. Carriage paid to London or any Station on the L. & S. W. Railway, £,d. and 7s. 6d. per piece of 20 yards. EATON .\ND DELLER, 6& 7, Crooked Lane, London Bridge. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL IRON WORKS, ,V TA FFORDSHIRE : 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. ; and 180, BUCHANAN STREET, GLASGOW. GALVANISED FITTINGS FOR Wiring Garden Walls ^Training Fruit Trees. Admitted by every practical g:'rdener to be an immense im- provement upon the old system of nads and shreds, no damage being done to the wall, and the tying being elTected in a much better manner and in a quarter of the time ; alt the fittings are galvanised, thus making them imperishable. PRICES, s. a. GALVANISED EYES for Guiding the Wires upon the Walls 04 per dozen. GALVANISED TERMINAL HOLD- FASTS ; two required for each line of wire .. - . . . ■ . ,.19 ,, GALVANISED RAIDISSEURS, for Straining the Wires 30 WINDING KEY for same o 4 each. EYE BOLTS, to use instead of Raidis- seurs 3 o per dozen. Best No. 14 GALVANISED WIRE .. 2 o per 100 yards. Carriage f>aid upon all Ordi'rs of ^os. amiup'->»ards. BOULTON & PAUL, MANllFACTUKEKS OF NEW and IMPROVED POULTRY FENCES. ^"^"^ This fence is a niULh stronger description uf fencing; than the lattice panels with loose standards, and is more portable, being made in lengths 6 feet long with double pronged feet. A run or pen can be formed of any length or shape without extra cost ; it is easdy fixed or removed ; the gate can be placed in any part ofthefc.ce. Prices:- 6 feet high, including all necessary Bolts and Nuts .. .. .. .. .. .. 5^. per yard. Doorway complete. 2 feet wide, including Standards and Arched Stay . .. .. 13.1. 6(/. each Angle-iron Pillars for Corners, with Cast Orna- ments .. .. ,. .. .. . . 3^". each. Carnage paid on orders or40J. value. Orders executed on receipt. NEW POULTRY LIST, with Illustrations, on applicatiun. BOULTON AND PAUL. Norwich. MAIN'S WALL FITTINGS and ESPALIERS New Improvements and Reduced Prices for the Season 1878 to 1879. GALVANISED RAIDISSEURS „ STRAINING SCREWS and HOLDFASTS „ CLIMAX EVES. 2;< inchts „ TERMINAL HOLDFASTS Per dozen — .r. d. 3 o Galvanised Wire Trellis for Training Creepers, &c., 3j^(/. per square foot, including Holdfastb. Price Listsfree. A. & J. MAIN & CO., io8, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON. E.C. TW^O HIGHEST A V^ A R D S PARIS, 1878, SILVER MEDAL. | PHILADELPHIA, 1876, PRIZE MEDAL. The Jury Reports arc not vkt publibhed. Jury Rei'ort : — *' Excellence in diagonal weaving of a low-priced fabric. FOR GALVANISED Prices per Lineal Yard, 2 feet wide Size of Mesh. Mostly used for. Gauge. Light. Gauge. Medium Gauge. Strong. Inch. \% z Rabbits & Hares . . Rabbits, &1. Small Rabbits .... Pheasanlries 15 19 19 d. i8 i8 i8 i3 d. \% 9 17 >7 I. d. 0 4'/ 0 4H 0 6 1 0 NETTING A Crop of Fruit in Spite of Frost. Have been awarded to the Inventors and Original Manufacturers 0/ Machi?ie- made Wire Nettiiia- BARNARD, BISHOP & BARNARDS, Norfolk Ironworks, NORWICH," And 91, 93, and 95, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. TheThames Bank Iron Company OLD BARGE WHARF, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.E. Have the largest and most complete stock in the Trade ; upwards of ^20,000 worth to choose I'rom. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, And all CASTINGS for HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. Their New Illustrated Catalogue, ?>tk Edition, now ready {Jtrice Sixpence). Hot-water Apparatus erected complete, or the Materials supplied at Wholesale Frices> PARHAM'S PATENT GLASS COPING. Many miles are in use. Testimonials and Prospectus free. Price, with 21-oz. gla?s and painted iron framing, z feet wide 2S. 6ti. ; 3 feet wide, 3s. gd. per foot run. Orders amounting to £1, carriage paid. \VM. PARHAM, Northgate Works, Bath, and 280, Oxford Street, London, W. Specimens on view at either address. f>ALPH WALLER and CO., 45, Dale Street, V Manchester, Manufacturer of all kinds of GARDEN NETTING, tzc, lor protecting Fruit Trees from Frost ; also HOTHOUSE SHADINGS of various thicknesses, supe- rior to any other yet discovered for Lightness, Strength, and Durability, standing, as they do, all weathers. TIPFANY of various kinds alvvay-i on hand. Netting and Shading in pieces 30 yards long, by i,'i yard wide. TifTany in pieces 20 \ards long, 38 inches wide. Mso Tiffany mineralised. NEl'TING, No 1, ^d. per square yard ; No. 2, 3J4rf. No, 3, 452^^. HOTHOUSE SHADINGS. FINE NETTING, ^d. per square yard ; No. 6a, 2d. No. 6. ijil. : No. 6, improved, f^l^d. TlKhANY, No. i. 3^. 6d per piece, Mineralised, ^s. No. 2. 45. td. per piece, Mineralised, 5^-. Samples on application. \?0K SALE, a beautiful SPIRE, composed -^ of SLABS uf WHllE SICILIAN MARBLE. No longer required as a tennmal to a nioiunneni. Useful for a MonumcTH or on an Octagonal Tower. There are Ninety-six Slabs of Marble, more ihan an inch thick. Apply to Mess.s i-lENRY PuOLE and SoNS, Johnson Street Westminster, S W. THE IMPROVEMENT OF LANDED ESTATES, By DRAINAGE, ENCLOSING, CLEARING, The EKECnON of FARM BUILDINGS and COTTAGES WATER SUPPLY. &c. The Land Loan and Enfranchisement Co. (Incorporated by Special Act of P.irliament) ADVANCES MONEY: ist. — To the OWNERS of SETTLED and OTHER ESTATES, for the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages, and for the Drainage, Irrigation, Enclosing, Clearing and General Improvement of Landed Property in any part of the United Kingdom. 2d. --To the OWNERS of SETTLED ESTATES in ENGLAND, for the Erection or Completion of Mansions, Stables, and Ouibuildings, and for the Construction or Erection of Reservoirs, and other Works of a permanent natvire, to supply Water for the use of the Estate, or for any other purpose 3d,— To LANDOWNERS generally, to enable them to subscribe for Shares in Companies for the Construction of Rail- ways and Navigable Canals, which will beneficially affect their Estates. 4th.— To INCUMBENTS, for the Improvement of their Glebe Lands, by Drainage, and the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages. 5th,— To COPYHOLDERS, for the Enfranchisement of Copyhold Lands. The amount borrowed, with the expenses, would be charged on the Estate benefited, and repaid by a rent-charge, termi- nating in twenty-five years. No Investigation of the Landowner's Title is necessary. Forms of application, and all further particulars may be obtained of Messrs. RAWLENCE and SQUAREY, 22, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W., and Salisbury ; of Messrs. ASHURST, MORRIS. CRISP and CO.. 6, Old Jewry, London, E.C. ; of Messrs. GILLESPIE and PATERSON. W.S., 81A, George Street, Edinburgh, Agents for the Company in Scotland ; and at the Offices of the Company, as below. T. PAIN, Managing Director. EDWIN GARROD, Secretary. Land Loan and Enfranchisement Company. 22, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W. Accidents Occur Daily— Accidents of all Kinds Provided acainst by a Policy ot the pAILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE -Lt COMPANY.- The Oldest and Largest Accidental Assurance Company. The Right Hon. Lord Kinnaird, Chairman. Subscribed Capital, ;^r,oco.03o. Annual Income, j^2r4,ooo. A fixed s^um in case of Death by Accident, and a Weekly Allowance in the event of Injury, may be secured at moderate Premiums. Bonus allowed to Insurers of five years' standing. ;Ci,35o,ooo have been paid as compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or 64, Cornhill. London. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. WQQD^ElSfQ^MSQ; ^/OI^MIt^QTON'Q.^MiTH . LONDONf.l Potato Culture— Secrets of Success. Mr. Porter, Old Meldrum, having resolved to give up growing Potatos for competition, has now published CULTURAL DIRECTIONS, containing an account of his experience and practice in Potato Growing for Exhibition, and especially hov/ to secure brightness and polish of tubers by cultivation and manuring, &c., in short, how to produce perfect and polished Potatos in all soils and seasons. Invaluable to exhibitors. Subscription copies only will be issued. Price \os. 6d. each, post-free. Sent on receipt of Post-office Order for the amount, to be made payable at Old Meldrum, to W. Porter. — Apply to Mr. PORTER, Old Meldrum, Aberdeen. 286 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March i, 1879. THE FLORIST and POMOLOGIST, an Illustrated Garden Magazine, monthly, is. Contents of MARCH number :— COLOURED PLATES. RHODODENDRON, Marchioness of Lansdowne. EARLY APPLES. OsUn, Early JuHen. Perpetual Flowering Carnations. By Mr. J. Douglas. Keeping Grapes Bottled. By Mr. W. Thomson. Notes on Strelitzias. By Mr. H. Knight. The Roman Hyacinths. Vmes and Vineries, Chap. XVL : Structures. By Mr. A. 1*. Barron (Illustrated). Gladioli in the Flower-garden, By Mr. J. Webster. Canker in the Apricot. By Mr. W. Culverwell. Camellia. Madame Ambroise Verscheffelt. By A. H. Thoresby. Read's Seedling Auriculas. By Mr. R. Dean. Indoor Berry-bearing Plants : Solanums and Capsicums. By Mr. G. Westland. How to Avoid Potato Disease. By Mr. R. Gilbert. On Judging Auriculas. By Mr. G. Rudd. Salt-water as a Preservative. By Mr. Shirley Hibberd. Tree-flowering Camellias. By Mr. H. Knight. Early Cabbages. By J. S. Dutch Mignonne Apple. By Mr. J. Wighton (Illustrated). New Potatos at Christmas. By Mr. R. Gilbert. Primula Culture. By Mr. G. Ellis. Villa Gardening— March, Les Palmiers. By Mr. T. Moore, Garden (,lossip— Obituary. W. KENT AND CO., 23, Paternoster Row, London, E.C. REVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE et ETRANGliRE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural Review). — Among the principal Contributors are ;— A. Allard, E. Andre, C. Baltet, T. Buchetet. F. Burvenich. F. Crepin, Comte de Gomer, De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt, C. de Vis, J. Gillon. A. M. C. Jongkindt Coninck. C. Koch, J. Kicks, L. Linden, T. Moore, C. Naudin, B. Oliver, H. Ortgies, E. Pynaert, E. Rodigas, A. Siraux, O. I'homas. A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. VanVolxem, H. J. Veitch, A. Westmael, and P. Wolkenstein. This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month, in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and nu[nerous Engravings. Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom ;— One year, 10s., payable in advance. Publishing Office : 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium. Pobt-olfice Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNaERT, at the Chief Post-office, Ghent. Farms, Estates, Residences. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding n.ime and address, and six halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midliuui Counties Herald Office, Birmingham.'' The Midland Counties Herall always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. H E CULTIVATO R.— A Portuguese Monthly Agricultural Journal, which circulates in Portugal and her possessions, and in the Principal Towns of the Brazils. This paper offers an excellent medium for Advertisements of every description of industry and of every article of Consump- tion in the countries and places above mentioned. Advertising charges, 8rf. per square inch, Translation included. Ten per cent. Discount for six months ; 20 per cent. Discount for twelve months, if paid in advance. Address, the Editor of the Cultivator, St. Michael's, Azores. r^ ADVERTISERS are requested to note that although ice do not object to receive Letters to be called for^ ive cannot undertake to foncard them, WANTED, a PARTNER, with £6000 to ^10 000, in a firm enjoying a world-wide reputation as Horticulturists. Established nearly a century. Is considered one of the leading Nurseries in the kingdom. — For particulars apply to J. SEYMOUR FOWLER, Esq., Solicitor, 21, Abchurch Lane, London, E.C, and 7, Cable Street, Liverpool. ANTED, a PARTNERSHI P, in an esta- blished Nursery, Seed and Florist Business, by a young man with a small capital. — H. H., Abbott's, 46, East- cheap, London, E.C. WANTED, a FOREMAN GARDENER. —Must be thoroughly competent to take charge of several Acres of Market Gardens, Peach, Vine and Melon Houses, and all kinds of Forcing. He must be a first-class practical Gardener, and none other need apply.— By letter only, with references, to R. WILLARD, 22, Pevensey Road, Eastbourne. WANTED, a GARDENER (married).— Wife to care for Village Reading-room. Wages £,x a week and house rent free. Wife -zs, 6d. a week. Teetotallers preferred.— Address. Rev. R. A. BOYLE, Ciockham Vicarage, Eden Bridge, Kent. CHARLES NOBLE wishes to ENGAGE a FOREMAN who understands Roses and Fruit Trees. A moderate wage, to rise by merit.- Bagshot, February. 1S79. ANTED, a NURSERY FOREMAN (Indoors). — If suitable, permanent situation. Good Salesman, Propagator, and able to make up Bouquets. — G. and W. YATES, Seedsmen and Nurserymen, Manchester. W' ANTED, a thoroughly practical MAN, who understands Orchids, Eucnaris, Gardenias, and Stove Plants generally; also well up in Forcing Lihesofthe Valley, &c. One preferred who has been accustomed to grow the above in large quantities for Cut Flowers. To a thoroughly practical man a liberal salary will be given, together with a permanent situation. — Apply by letter to A. B. C., Gardeners' Chronicle 0({ics,V/.C. WANTED, for near a large provincial town, a thoroughly practical energetic MAN, who understands the Growing and Forcing of Choice Flowers for market, and who is competent to make up Bouquets, Wreaths, &c., in the most approved style. Wages 30J. per week — pro- gressive >if deserving, and situation permanent. — WILLIAM BOSTON, Manor Farm Nursery and Seed Establishment, Carthorpe, Bedale. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are CmUioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed ai-e opened by the atithoritics and returned to the sender. WANTED, a MAN who well understands Grafting and Budding Fruit Trees and Roses, he must also be a good Knifeman. — Apply, stating wages required, with testimonial I'rom last employer, to ROBERT F. DARBV, The Cirencester Nurseries. Cirencester. WANTED, a young MAN for the Nursery, quick at Potting and Tying : wages. i8.s-. Also one used to Jobbing; wages, 225-.— PRATLEY and CO. .American Nursery, Hanley Road, W. Hornsey Road, N. WANTED, a MAN accustomed to Grafting, Budding, Pruning, and Training Fruit Trees, &c., under the Ground Foreman. — Apply, stating wages, &c,, to H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries, Berkhampslead, Herts. WANTED, a young MAN, to be under the Foreman, with a good knowledge of Budding and General Nursery-work. — Apply in own handwriting, stating aee and wages expected, to JOSHUA LE CORNU, High View Nurseries, Jersey. WANTED, a JOURNEYMAN, for the Houses. Must be a good Man ; 15^. per week, bothy and vegetables. — Mr. MOFFAT, Hindlip Gardens, Worcester. WANTED, two active young MEN, quick at Potting and Tying, and able to attend to Fires. Wages i6jr. a week, with furnished rooms. — Apply personally, to SMITH AND LARKE, Ashford Nursery, Ashford, Middlesex. WANTED, an active young MAN to assist in Grafting, Budding, and other Nursery-work. — Apply, stating age, wages required, &c., to THOMAS PERKINS AND SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. Improver Wanted. ' HARRISON AND SONS have a Vacancy for a respectable intelligent young MAN, who is desirous to improve in outdoor nursery. He could reside with the Fore- man on the ground. — State age and full particulars to HARRISON AND SONS. Seed Growers. Leicester. WANTED, a COWMAN and STOCK- KEEPER. Must thoroughly understand the manage- ment of Cows, Pigs and Stock, and have a good character. Wife to take charge of Poultry.— Mr. TOY, Fan Court, Cheitsey, Surrey. WANT PLACES. NOTICE. — If any party replied to the Advertisement. Head Shopman or Traveller, in last weeks Gardrne?-s' Chronicle, of A. B. C. , Post-olfice. Chester, will they please write a^aiii to A. B. C. , 7, Hamilton Street, Hoole. Chester, as the Post-office authorities re-open and return Letters si addressed. JOHN COWAN, The Vineyard and P-' Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, can with every confi- dence recommend a first-class GARDENER to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may require such. BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he • has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER. BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities will he made. — Holloway, N. G. HENDERSON AND SON have many excellent GARDENERS with approved testimonials for ability now waiting in their Nurseries for re-engagement. E. G. H. & Son will be pleased to answer any enquiries from Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring such — Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale, London, W. GARDENER (Head). — Age 25, single; thoroughly understands the profession in all its branches. —X. W., II, Ltsmore Road. Haveratock Hill, N.W. GARDENER (Head), where three or four are kept. — Age 27 ; thorough practical experience in all departments. Good character. — R. C., Daylesford Garden, Chipping Norton. \'f,r E. GARDENER (Head).— Age 26; thoroughly practical knowledge of Gardening, includmg Grapes, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c. Good references. Salary moderate. — W,, 13, Lansdown Road, Swindon. GARDENER (Head).- J. Shaw, Muncaster Castle Gardens, Cumberland, wishes to obtain a situation as above for his late Foreman ; thoroughly practical in all branches of the profession. GARDENER (Head), where two or three are kept. — Age 33, married ; seventeen years' experience in all branches of Gardening. Good references. — GARDENER, The Lodge, Tangley, Guildford. GARDENER (Head), and Wife as Cook, or Cook and Housekeeper. — Excellent characters as to conduct and competency.— A. B., 4, Sussex Place, Lyham Road, Brixion, S,\V. GARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married ; understands Pines, Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Fruit. Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Seven years' good cha- racter.— S. B., Sawley Hall, Ripon, Yorkshire. CI ARDENER (Head).— Married ; thoroughly -^ experienced in all branches of the profession. Good refer- ences.— T. KING, Mr. John Lloyd's, Beechcliff, near New- castle, Staffordshire. ARDENER (Head), where three or fou"r are kept. — Age 27 ; single at present. Fourteen years' experience. Seven years' good character. — W. RAPLEY, Balcombe Place, Hayward's Heath, Sussex. G~ "aR D E nIsR (HeadJT to any LadT^OT Gentleman. — The GAUDiiNER, Burllngham Hall, wishes to recommend his Second Gardener as above. Thoroughly understands the duties, and can be highly recommended.— E. SMITH. Burlingham Hall. Norwich. (^:|ARDENER (Head). — Age 35, marr'iel V_^ To any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical man in all branches of Gardening. Five and a half years in present situation. Good character.—ANDREW WATERWOTH. Summer Hill, Pendleton. Manchester. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept. — Age 30 ; fifteen years* experience in the Culture of Vines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Can be highly recommended from present employer. — L. . Scartho, near Great Grimsby. /^ARDENER (He.\d) ; age 46, married, V-^ one child (age five) ; Scotch.— A Gentleman (whose lease w ill expire on the 25th iiist.) can highly recommend his Gatdener 10 any Nobleman or Gentleman lequiring a thoroughly com- petent trustworthyjman. — F. E., Moseley Hall, Birmingham /^ARDEITer" (He.ad).— Age" 25^ single] V>^ practical in all branches of the profession. Twelve months' good character from last situation, and good character from previous situations. — H. MAY, Newbold Vtirden, Leicester. /^ARDENER (Head).— Age 42, married, VJ* two children (ages 9 and 10) ; unaerstands the professioa in all its branches. Fourteen years in last situation. Good character.— W. S., 38, Goodge Street, Tottenham Court Road, London, W. GARDENER (Head), where two are kept.— Age 25, single: thoroughly practical in the management of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Fruits, Flowers, and Vege- tables. Two years' in present situation.— A, H. HOPCRUFT, Hilders, Chiddingly, Hawkhutst, Sussex. /^ARDENER (Head) ; age 29, married V^ when suited.— W. Johnsto.ne, Gardener to the Mar chioness Camden, can highly recommend his late Foreman to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a first-class rehable man. Has had good experience in all branches of the profession — W JOHNSTONE, Bayham Abbey, Lamberhurst. Kent. To Noblemen and Gentlemen. /r:< ARDENER (Head) ; age 38, married.- VJ Thomas Moorhouse, Gardener to R. J. Hudson. Esq., Moorville, Burley-Wharfedale. Leeds, for ten years, desires an engagement. Thoroughly efficient in every department of Gardening ; most successful Fruit. Grower. Leaving through the establishment being broken up. Highest references. /':j_ARDENER (Head).— Mr. W. J. Cross, V-^ late Head Gardener to tlie Rt. Hon. Louisa Lady Ash- burton, can with confidence recommend a Man to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a good practical Gardener, tspecially in the cultivation of Orchids and all kinds of choice Fruits and Vegetables.--Mr. W. J. CROSS, Ford Nursery, Salisbury. ARDENER (Head). — Charle.s Ross, G.trdener to Charles Eyre. Esq., Welford Park, New- bury, can confidently recommend his Foreman (who has been with him nearly four years) to any Lady or Gentlem.an. He has a thorough good knowledge of the dilTerent branches of the profession, and has excellent testimonials from all the Gardeners under whom he has been previously employed. Full pariiculais on application as above. To Noblemen and Gentlemen. GARDENER (Head) ; age 48, married- A Lady can with confidence recommend her Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a stcidy, industrious, and trustworthy Man. He has a thorough know- ledge of the profession, including Orchids, Stove and Green- house Plants. Pines, Grapes. Peaches, &c,, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening ; also Land and Stock. Disengaged through the estate being. Id.— E. P., 6, Barnsbury VUIs^ Thornton Road, Wimbledon. ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age y>, married ; understands Vines, Peaches, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden.— C. G. BOOTH BY, GrafFoe. Lincoln. ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 27, married when suited : thoroughly understands Garden- ing in all i's branches. Good character.— H. H., Bcckepham Place, Beckenham, Kent. ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 26. Has a thorough knowledge of the profession in all its branches. Can be highly recommended by present and previous employer. — Wife a lirst-rate Needlewoman. — W. L., Mr. Debron. Tha Nurseries, NVest End, Ely. ARDENER (Head, Working), wliere three or more are kept. — Married, no family ; thoroughly experienced in all branches. Fourteen years Head Cirdener. First-class references.^ E. H., Bromley Villa, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee. March i, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 287 GARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 36, married ; understands Greenhouse Plants. Vines, Cucumbers, Melons, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character. — J. J. S., 3, Wildwood Grove, North End, Hampstead. N.W. ARDENER (Head, Working), where four or more are kept. — A^e 32, married, no family ; Early and Late Forcing of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, S:c. Three years' character. Highly recommended.— GARDENER, Garrick's Villa, Hampton, Middlesex. ARDENER (Head, Working), where others are kept. — Age 25, married, no family; twenty years' experience in first-class Establishments. Can be highly recommended as to character. — F. F., Thurcroft Hall, Maltby, Yorkshire. ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 41, married ; thoroughly understands Stove, Greenhouses, Vineries, Melons, Cucumbers, Fruit. Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Twenty- six years' experience. Excellent character, G. L., Capel Road, Bushey, Watford, Herts ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 40, married ; thorough practical knowledge of the profession in all its branches. Land and Stock if required. Eiirht years' good character from present employer. — HENRY DuWNS, Brockly Hall, Brockly, Kent. GARDENER (HEAD, Working). — Mr. Kingston. Gardener to C. Sykes, Esq., M.P., Branting- ham Thorpe, Brough, East Yorkshire, will be pleased to recom- mend a young man as above, to any Lady or Gentleman. He has had experience in several good placee, and can be well recommended by present and previous employers. ARDENER (Head, Working), where two or more are kept. — Age 27, married when suited ; understands the Growing of Flowers, Fruits, and Vegetables. The highest references can be had from estab- lishments in England and Ireland. State wages. — J, SCOTT, The Gardens, The Willows, Newton-le-Willows, Lancashire. ARDENER (Head, Working) ; age 38, married, one child (age 14). — The Advertiser can be highly recommended to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly practical trustworty man. Excellent references as to ability, sobriety, &c., from present and pre- vious employers. —GARDENER, The Lodge, Edenhurst, Sevenoaks, Kent. GARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 34, married ; thoroughly understands Forcing of Vines, Peaches, Pines, Melons, Cucumbers, Cultivation of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen and Flower Gardaning : nineteen years' experience. Cause of leaving, breaking up of the establishment. Excellent character.— H. F., 33, Hargrave Road, Upper Holloway, N. ARDENER (Head, Working) ; age 30, married, one child—Mr. T. Deuman, Head Gardener to E. H. Scott, Esq., Sundrid^e Park, iJromley, Kent, can with confidence recommend his Foreman, Alfred Hoare, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly practical and trustworthy man. Has a good knowledge of the profession in all its branches, with excellent taste for House Decoration, Vases, &c. ARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and forester.— a Noblhman is desirous of obtaining a situation for a first-class Gardener, who is well versed in every branch of Horticulture, and well-known to the Horticultural Public. Could also undertake the Management of Park, Woods, &c., having a thorough knowledge of the same. Twelve years in last situation. Death cause of leaving. Undeniable testimonials can be produced — T R C Gardeners ChrcnkllO^zt^.'^.C. ' ' '' ARDENER. — Mr. Foster, of The Gardens. Stubton Hall, Lincolnshire, will have much pleasure in recommending a young Man, who thoroughly under- stands the profession m all branches, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the same. /?< ARDENER.— A Lady wishes to recom- V^ mend her Gardener, who has been with her for four years. He is perfectly efficient in all branches of gardening, and she is only parting with him as she is leaving her late residence.— Apply to Mrs. J. B. PEASE, Menthorpe Hall. Northallerton. ' /?< ARDENER (Single-handed, or where . , ..'''^'g '5 given).— Age 26, single ; ten years' experience : mcludmg Stove and Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Garden j5»T>J^?.°x';.fi"?,'^'" ^'°'^ present and previous employers.— GARDENER, Post-office, Ham Common, Richmond, Surrey. /T^ARDENER (Second, or Single-handed)! J —Age 28, married ; experienced. Thoroughly under- stands Indoor and Outdoor Work. Good testimonials.— T W. 2<^Princes Street. Leamington. Warwickshire. /^ARDENER (Second), in a Gentleman's v.-' establishment.— Age 24 ; two years in present situation Good reference.— W. H., Oakwood, Crayford, Kent. r:< ARDENER (Second).— Age 24 ; good v.* knowledge of Vines. Melons, and Cucumbers ; also Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Good character.— A RIX Lord Street, Hoddesdon, Herts. ' (^ARDENER (Second).— Good knowledge u °' ^"'". Melons, and Cucumbers, Stove and Green- house Plants. Three years' good character from late employer. -WA., 8, Granville Terrace. Cross Road, Croydon. GARDENER (SECONDX^ge 24, single; ■^ has had good experience under Glass and in Kitchen hardening, &c Good references.-W. TAYLOR, Marton-le- Moor, Ripon, Yorkshire. (^ARDENER (Second, or under a good Bit rr?^^*"^-/,- '»°L""'' Gardener to Sir G. Chetwynd, Bart Orendon Hall, Atherstone. can with confidence recom- c^.t^JJ'"''LT" ="' ^''?'=- '1''^" '"'^ ^l-h^'f y=^"' "cellent cnaracter. — Address as above. Q-ARDENER (Under, or Single-handed), resDertahl?L 1 ^ °' Gentleman requiring the services of a empfover -S P t'"'^^^^^^; ■°°°i -character from present employer.— b. P., Tanhurst, Dorking, Surrey. GARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; in the Houses preferred. Good character. — C. S., 22, Chapel Street, Rugby. GARDENER (Under), where three or more are kept. — Age 21. Good character. — Address, stating wages, to R. W., 119, Knotty Ash, Liverpool. /^ARDENER (Under), in the Houses, \J^ where three or more are kept. — Age 22 ; four years* good references from present place.— GEO. LOVETT, The Chantry Gardens, Ipswich. GARDENER (Under), in a good Garden, or GARDENER in a small place that is well kept.— Age 27, married, no family ; no objection to live in Lodge. Good references. Reference may also be made to Mr. Batters, Gr. to Admiral Eden. Gillingham Halt. Norfolk. — W. BOON, Giliingham, near Beccles, Norfolk, GJ.ARDENER (Under), or ASSISTANT, ^ in a large establishment. — Age 22 ; bothy preferred. Good reference.— J. SMITH, Hatton Green, near Warwick. FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 25 ; ten years' experience. Good character. — G. TAYLOR, Woodburn Gardens. Darlington. FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age z6 ; twelve years' experience. Excellent character from last and previous employers. — R. W., 8, Brook Lane, Chester. FOREMAN, in a Gentleman's Garden. — Age 27 ; twelve years' experience in good situations. —J. C. BENNETT. 2, Laburnum Place, Bellis Street. Edgbaston, Birmingham. FOREMAN (General, Outdoor), in a Nursery. — Good experience. Satisfactory references can be given.— JAMES ROBERTSON, Newton Nurseries, Chester. N FOREMAN. — Has a thorough practical knowledge of the general routine of Gardening, the Early and Late Forcing of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables. Good character from last employer. — B, M., 8, Rutland Road, Catford, London, S E. FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 25 ; nine and a half years in several first-class places ; three years as Foreman. First-class references. — — J. E. P., Tedstone Court Lodge, Lapey Bridge, near Worcester. FOREMAN, in a Gentleman's establishment. — Age 23 ; thorough knowledge of Vines, Peaches. Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Good character from last and present employers. — EDWARD WHITE, Little Pett Farm, Bridge, near Canterbury, Kent. FOREMAN.— James Corbett, late Fore- man to Sir George Elliot, Bart, M.P., is open for re- engagement. Well up in Pines. Vines. Orchids. &c. E.\ce!Ient references. — JAMES CORBETT, Fair Lawn, Lytham, Lancashire. FOREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's establishment. — -Age 23, Scotch ; a sober steady man. Five years' experience in the Houses, and Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Good character. Bothy preferred.— A. B., Brook- lands. Blackheath Park, Kent. To Nurserymen and Florists. T^OREMAN, or GENERAL MANAGER.— -L Age 28, single. Good Salesman and Penman. Fourteen years' experience. Highest references. — J. C, 5, St. James' Road. Brixton, S.W. URSERY FOREMAN or ROSE- GROVVER.— Young man; married.— E. E., Newton Nurseries, Chester. URSERY FOREMAN (Working).— The Advertiser thoroughly understands the work, both indoors and out, and is a good Salesman. Satisfactory refer- ences and testimonials. — A. B., Mr. Holmes, Whitiington Nurseries, Lichheld. JOURNEYMAN, in a Gentleman's Garden. tf —Age 20 ; can be well recommended.— A. EARNEY, Melchet Court Gardens, Romsey, Hants. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good tf establishment, where two or more are kept.— Age 19 ; five years' experience. Good character. —C. MUNDAY, Gorhambury Gardens, St. Albans. JOURNEYMAN, in Ihe Houses or under ^ the Foreman. — Age 21 ; two years' good references from present employer.— H. JUPP, 4, Sunny Hill Road, Sircatham, London, S.W, JOURNEYMAN, in a large establishment.— ^~-' — Age 21 ; three years' experience with Orchids and Pl-ints in present situation.— G. E.. The Gardens, Arnot Hill, Arnold. To Market Nurserymen. JOURNEYMAN (in or near London), age 20. — The Head Gardener, Waverley Abbey, Famham, Surrey, can thoroughly recommend a young Man as above, who is anxious to learn the profession. Has had four years' experi- ence.—Address as above, with full particulars, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good ^J establishment.— At present Flower Garden Foreman in a Nobleman's garden, from which he can be highly recommended. —A. C, The Gardens, Tullyallan Castle, Kincardine-on-Forth, N.B. To Nurserymen. Jj^OREMAN PROPAGATOR and -L GROWER, in large quantities, for Market. — Age 32 ; eighteen years' experience. Good references.— X. Y. Z Mr High, Olders Hill, Church End, Finchley. N. PROPAGATOR.— Well up in Conifers, ^ Rhododendrons, Clematis, and Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. First-cl.iss references to two of the leading nurseries. — R. G,, Oak Cottage, Knap Hill, Woking, Surrey. To Nurserymen. ASSISTANT in a good Nursery, outdoor preferred. Three years' e.tperience. Good penman, &c. — R. DOWMAN, SpUlman's Court Nursery, Stroud, Glouces- tershire. IMPROVER in a good establishment ; age 16.— J. Heath, Gardener, Wyvinhoe Park, Colchester, wishes to recommend a respectable Youth. — Address as above. IMPROVER, in <> good establishment.— Age 23. Will pay a Premium. Good reference. — R. BURSTON, The Gardens, Froyle Park, Alton. Hants. JMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentle- -L man's Garden, in the Houses. — Well recommended from two last places. — H. HEMMINGS, Walton-on-the.Hill, Stafford. IMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden, under a good practical Gardener. — Age 22. Can be highly recommended.— W. LUDBROOKE, Sibton Park Gardens. Voxford, Suffolk. IMPROVER, to assist in Houses and Garden. — Age 17, strong, active; four years' under an experi- enced Gardener. Good references. — Address, with particulars, HARRY MILES, Charlton House, Ludwell, Salisbury. IMPROVER.— Age 22.-^5 Premium will be given by the advertiser, to any Gardener who will take him where several are kept. Has some knowledge of Gardening. Good character. — J. E., 62, Forest Road, Dalston, N.E. JMPROVER.— Age 23..-2io Premium will J- be given by the Advertiser to any Gardener who will take him for a term of two years ; where several are kept preferred. Has been in a large establishment before, liothy preferred. — State particulars to SAMPSON, 1, Bronte Villas, Parrock Street, Gravesend. ITTER, BOILER SETTER, PAINTER, GLAZIER, &c., in a Nursery. Fourteen years' good character. — A. Z. . 19, Gwynnc Road, Old liatiursea. S.W. Sssd Tr3.(is SHOPMAN, TRAVELLER, or CLERK.— A large experience in all branches of the business. First- class references. — M. M., Messrs. Minier, Nash & Nash, 60, Strand, London, W.C- O THE SEED TRADE. — Situation wanted abroad (."^uslalian Color.ies preferred) by married Man, age 29. Capable of taking charge of Retail Depanmeni. Well up in Nursery 'J'rade. Seven years in i>esent situation. Satisfactory reasons for leaving. — G. H., Air. D. Gulllan, 9, Caversham Street, Christchurch. Chelsea. S.W. LERK or ASSISTANT in a Seed Ware- house, or in any position of Trust. — Age 22: good cha- racter.— H. S., 2, Greenfield's Cottage, St. Lawrence. Ramsgate. To Noblemen and Gentlemen. BAILIFF (Working) ; married.— Wanted, by March 25. a re-en^agement as above. Has been Gardener and subsequently Bailiff to A. L. Goddard, M.P., and Managed a Mixed Farm. References permitted to Mr. Goddard. — J. A., Broom Farm, Swindon. K K K 1865, INAHAN'S LL WHISKY. I N A H A N ' S L L WHISKY. Pure, Mild and Mellow, Delicious and Most Wholesome, Universally recommended by the Profession. The Cream of Old Irish Whiskies. INAHAN'S LL WHISKY. Dr. Hassall says — " Soft and Mellow, Pore, well Matured, and of very excellent quality," INAHAN'S LL WHISKY. Gold Medal, Paris Exhibition, 187S : Dublin Exhibition, the Gold Medal.— 20, Great Titchfield Street, London, W. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL {James Epps &» Co., HomaopatJdc Chemists.) COMFORTING COCOA. R. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS. —Cure of Bronchitis and Voice, Cough. Chest, and Throat Complaints.— /"row/ Mr. Earle, M.P.S-, 22, Market Place, Hull :— " Your Wafers are invaluable for the voice, throat, and chest. All sufferers trom bronchitis, hacking cough, and de- privation of rest, should take them."— Sold at is. i%d. and 2S. <^d. per box. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. The Medical Profession for over Forty Years have approved of this pure solution as the Best Remedy for ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH, HEARTBURN, HEADACHE, GOUT, AND INDIGESTION, and as the safest Aperient for Delicate Constitutions, Ladies, Children, and Infants, DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. OLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS. —The sudden snowstorms, followed by sunshine, will sorely try all persons prone to Rheumatism, Sciatica, Tic Doloreux, and many maladies scarcely less painful, though of shorter duration, (Jn the first attack of stiffness or suffering in any muscle, joint or nerve, recourse should immediately l)e had to fomenting the seat of disease with hot brine, and rubbing in this remarkable Ointment, which will assuage the uneasiness of the part, subdue inflammation, and reduce swelling. The Pills, simultaneously taken, will rectify constitutional disturbances and renew the strength. No remedy heretofore discovered has proved so effective as the Ointment and Pills, for removing Gouty, Rheumatic and Scrofulous attacks, which afilict all ages, and are commonly called hereditary. 288 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March i, 1879. PARIS UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION, 1878 THE MEDALS OF PARIS WEBB'S VEGETABLE SEEDS, AND WEBB'S FLOWER SEEDS, &c. EXCELLENCE COMBINED WITH ECONOMY. WEBB'S NEW 8UMMERH1LL LETTUCE. The very best summer Cabbage Lettuce that can be grown. It folds in quickly, and is ex- ceedingly crisp and sweet. Per packet, 6d. and Is. WEBB'S WOODFIELD MELON. An exquisite green-fleshed variety, of the most delicious flavour ; fruit very handsome, and beautifully netted. Per packet, 2s. 6d. ^VEBB'S POPULAR COLLECTIONS OF CHOICE VEGETABLE SEEDS. specially arnmgedfor the Gardens of the Farmer, Country Gentleman, and Amateur. No. C I. d. 1. For a Large Garden 330 2. „ 2 2 0 3. For a Medium-sized Garden .. .. .. 1 11 6 4. „ , 110 5. For a Small Garden 0 15 0 6. „ 0 12 6 Collections for Cottage Gardens at 23. 6d., Bs., and 7s. 6d. each. All Seeds of los. value Carriage Free. WEBB'S NEW TRIUMPH PEA. A perfectly distinct wrinkled Pea, of delicious flavour— the result of careful and repeated experiments at our Kinver Trial Grounds. It grows to a heieht of 4 feet, with a robust and branching habit, and is remarkably prolific. The best Pea for the main crop. Stock limited. Per quart, 33. 6d. SEE WEBB'S Spring Catalogue For 1879. Post-free Is. Gratis to Customers. Five per Cent. Discount for Cash. WEBB'S CHOICE PRIMULA. r"- \ A, i >r' J j^ Of remarkable excellence ; saved from the finest fringed flowers. Per packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. WEBB'S SUPERB CALCEOLARIA. Saved from a splendid collection of Prize Flowers. Per packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. WEBB'S SUPERB CINERARIA. The finest strain in cultivation — not to be surpassed. Per packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. V^EBB'S POPULAR COLLECTIONS OF CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS. specially selected for producing a brilliant and Continuous Display during Summer and Autumn. No. I s. d. 1. Complete Collection 060 2. „ 0 10 6 3. 4. 6. 6. 6a. 0 15 0 110 1 11 6 2 2 0 3 3 0 Otber Collections at 2s. 6d. and 7s. 6d. eacli. All Flower Seeds Free by Post or Rail. THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Busmess Letters to " Tne Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street. Covent Garden. London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the OfHce of Messrs. Braddltrv, Agnsw, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41. Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul's, Coveut Garden, in the said County.— Saturday. March i, 1879. Agent for Manchester— John Hbvwooo, Agents for Scotland — Messrs. J. Mbnziss & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE ^BinhliM 1841. A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF HOETIGULTURE AKD ALLIED SUBJECTS. No. 271.— Vol. XI. {sp'^Rirs.} SATURDAY, MARCH 8, 1879. | Price 5d. Posroiiice as a Newspaper, j POST FREE, $\J. Registered at the General f - — " er. i CONTENTS. Acid fiuits it^chmea Maria Reg"nae Atoysia citrtodora (with cui) Amaryllis prizes for Artificial flower-makers . Bedding plants . . Books, notices of Bnttom heat Broccoli, haidiness of . . CaLnthes iu pjuis and pots Chamserops excelsa Cones, new use for Conilers, concentric rings m Conifers, pruning Cranberries at home Cucumbers, tapeworm iii Dendrobium sp endissi- mum Dendrobium Wardianum Edinburgh University .. Ferns, hardiness of Forests. Indian . . Frost, destruction of in- sects by Fruit crops, our . . Galanihi Gardenias in small po'.s . Garden lore ,, operations .. Hypsilophora destructor (with cut) 306 305 300 , 306 : 306 , 305 302 300 309 309 308 306 306 3o3 3^-7 306 29? 308 301 3^9 306 305 304 309 309 299 302 299 Haddo House .. -.299 Indian foresters .. .. 307 Mushroom stool, how to make (with cut) .. 309 Odontoglossiimconfertum 298 Old friends under new names Oncidium fimbriatum .. Orchids at Coombe Cot- tage Orchids at Fallowfield .. ,. notes on Pansies and the frost Peas for exhibition Peaches, fertilising Plants, new garden Quickset hedges . . Kabbiis, protecting trees from Renanthera coccinea Rhinopetalum Karelinl . Rhododendron Falconer! ,, Hodgsoni .. Rhubarb for market Sap, flow of, in fiuit trees Seed, the .ige of . . Spring bedding .. Strawberries, forced Vegetables, dried Vines bleeding, remedy for Weather, the Wood, preserving under- ground . . . . . . 300 297 298 306 307 398 307 308 308 298 308 309 310 3 5 306 306 308 3«7 306 295 3u6 310 IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are \cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Fost-o^ces, as alt Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Now Ready, in clotb, 16b., rHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE VOLUME for JULY to DECEMBER. 1878. W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. EOYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, South Kensington. S.W. NOTICE.— SCIENTIFIC, FRUIT, and FLORAL COM- MITTEES' MEETINGS on TUESDAY next, March 11, at II o'clock. Band of Royal Horse Guards at 3 o'CIock in the Conservatory. Admission u. OYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, Gardens, Reeent's Park. EXHIBITIONS of SPRING FLOWERS. WEDNESDAYS, March 26. April 23. SUMMER EXHIBITIONS. WEDNESDAYS, May, 21, June 18. EVENING FETE, WEDNESDAY, luly 2. SCHEDULESof PRIZES, TICKETS, &c.. now being issued. HE INTERNATIONAL POTATO EXHIBITION will be held at the CRYSTAL PALACE, SYDENHAM, on September 17 and 18. Schedules and all particulars may be obtained on application to J. A. McKENZIE. Tower Chambers, Moorgate Street, EC. WINTER GARDENS, SOUTHPORT.— The SECOND SPRING FLOWER SHOW will be held MARCH 20 and 21. For Schedules and all information ""P'y '° A. CAMPBELL. F.R.H.S.. Curator. WEST OF ENGLAND ROSE SHOW, 1879.— This Exhibition (open to all England) is fixed :o take place at the Shire Hall, Hereford, on WEDNESDAY, July 2. Credenhill Rectory. Rev. C. H. BULMER, Hon. Sec. OR C H IDS. — Thousands of handsome Orchids in good plants can be supplied, at is. (ni., 51 , »nd 7J. dd. each. An inspection is invited ; or by sending names )f those already possessed, a good selection of other kinds will be made. WILLIAM BULL, F L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. HEAP ORCHIDS.— Good flowering Bulbs of Calanthe vestita rubra and Pleione Wallichii, iSx. per Juzen, or £6 per 100. Also a few good plants of Coslogyne '--*-to . WOOLLEY, Cheshunt, Herts. crisuta. Apply to S. """ A BIES DOUGLASIL— A quantity of well- ^^*- grown handsome specimens, transplanted last spring. Special lowprices on application to J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries. Merriott. Crcwkerne. A PPLE TREES ^Wth MISTLETO ^„.^''''"'"8 °" '•'='"• f''" from T- W. to 211. each. RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Nurserymen, Worcester. AJATIVE SCOTCH FIR, extra strong, and T^ir^S^^^jJ^^^^'^ TREES grown in exposed situations. UICKSONS AND CO.. Nurserymen and Seedsmen, i, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh. . „ To the Trade. A SPARAGUS, Giant, i, 2, 3, and 4-year. r^. JAMES BIRD, Nurseryiuin, Downham. ^ Sutton's Seeds, &c.— Paris Exhibition, 1S78. QPECIAL HONOUR for REMARKABLE O MERIT, as see the following telegram from Times Special Correspondent, which appeared in the Times of January 11. 1879 : — " Paris, Jan. 10.— The French Government has conferred the Legion of Honour on Mr. Martin J. Sutton, managing partner of the firm of Sutton & Sons. Reading, as a special recognition of the merits of the exhibits of that firm at the Paris Exhibi- tion, and the services thereby rendered to horticulture and agriculture." Sutton's Seeds, »c.-Paris Exhibition, 1878. THE SPECIAL DECORATION of the LEGION of HONOUR conferred on Mr. M. J. Sutton was the only instance in which this great distinction was conferred on any English exhibitor of Seeds at the above Exhibition. Sutton's Seeds, &c.— Paris Exhibition, 1878. FIVE PRIZE MEDALS — GOLD and SILVER— were awarded to Sutton & Sons and their Paris Agent, for Sutton's Home Grown Seeds, &c. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading, Berks. Just published, free on application, a complete DESCRIPTIVE PRICED LIST of our unrivalled Collection of Tuberous BEGONIAS. Awarded Gold Medal at South Kensington, and First Prize at Preston.— JOHN LAING and CO., Forest Hill, S.E. Genuine Seeds. JOHN LAING AND CO.'S Annual f ' CATALOGUE of Kitchen Garden, Flower and Farm Seeds and Implements, will be sent free to all applicants. Orders above aox. carriage paid. Stanstead Park, Forest Hill, London, S.E. LACK HAMBURGH VINES, and other leading sorts, in Fruiting and Planting Canes ; also a few strong CALADlUMS, fine varieties, suitable for stock. F. R. KINGHORN, Nurseries. Richmond. Surrey. Grapes this Year. FRUITING CANES, perfectly ripened without Bottom-heat. JAMES DICKSON and SONS. Newton Nurseries, Chester. Vines -Vines— Vines. J COWAN, The Vineyard, Garston, near • Liverpool, is now offering a large and splendid stock ot strong, short-jointed, and thoroughly npened GRAPEVINES, suitable for fruiting in pots and planting Vineries. Catalogues free. The Trade supplied. Fit for Immediate Worldns. ROSA MANETTI and R. MULTIFLORA DE LA GRIFFERAIE, 25^ . per 1000, ;£io per 10,000. A. M. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK, Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, near Zwolle, Netherlands. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. Fruit Trees, Roses, &c. THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited). Edinburgh, respectfully request the attention of intending planters to their most extensive and superior stock of the above. CATALOGUES on application. OWN IE AND LAIRD, Royal Winter Gardens, Edinburgh, are now sending out their New Show and Fancy PANSIES, also VIOLAS, PENTSTE- MONS, PHLOXES, &c.. which they warrant all first-class flowers. Older varieties of the above by the loo or looo. Price on application. LACKTHORN for Covert Planting, one million of strong transplanted, lor. to 151-. per 1000. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34. Drapery, Northampton. R U I T I N G PLANTS of PEACHES. NECTARINES. APRICOTS, and GRAPE VINES, a large and fine stock, now offered for Sale. THOMAS RIVERS and SON. Sawbridgeworth, Herts. HE DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of FRUIT TREES is now ready, and wiU be forwarded, free by post, on receipt of three penny stamps. CATALOGUES of ROSES and ORCHARD-HOUSE TREES post-free on application. THOMAS RIVERS and SON. Sawbridgeworth. Herts. GERANIUMS WANTED— .1000 each, Scarlet, Pink and Variegated, autumn-struck. Send lowest price delivered to M. G.. 33, St. Paid'-s Churchyard, London, E.G. ANTED, PINE SUCKERS. — State varieties and price to CALDWELL AND SON. Knutsford, Cheshire, YyANTED,from lo.oooto 50,000 CABBAGE » ' PLANTS, Early Red and Winter.— State price per 1000 to JOSEPH TREDALE, Marlttt Gardener, Stainbum, near Workington, Cumberland. Gentlemen's Gardeners, Amateurs, and Others KEQUIRING GARDEN POTS of best quality, are requested to send their orders to J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery, Weston-super-Mare. Price List on application. Five /BARTER'S, the PREMIER SEED Gold \U HOUSE at the PARIS EXHIBITION. Medals, Illustrated Catalogues gratis and post-free. Awaided Paris, Five GOLD MEDALS, including the only Gold 1878. Medal for Grass Seeds. Caution.— No other English Seed House was awarded five Medals at the Paris Exhibition, and the Legion of Honour has not been awarded for Grass Seeds or English Seeds. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London, W.C. Pelargoniums. CHARLES TURNER can supply Strong Plants in all classes of above, which, if repotted at once, wdl produce a fine head of bloom this season. CATALOGUES on application. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. G ERANIUMS to offer — good stong autumn- struck plants. Apply as to price, &c. , to H. A. MANN, St. Vincent's, Grantham. Seeds of Superior Quality. WM. C U T B U S H AND SON beg to announce that their Illustrated CATALOGUE of Select Vegetable and Flower Seeds, &c., is now ready, and will be forwarded post-free on application. Hiehgate Nurseries, London, N., and Barnet, Herts. CEDRUS DEODARA SEED, just arrived from India in splendid condition. Sample and Price on application to HENRV CLARKE and SONS, 39, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. OSES. — Standards, I'i per loo ; Half- Standards, 755-. per 100 ; on own roots, 75J. per 100 A LIST of 200 of the best varieties to select from. Trade price on application. H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries, Berkhampstead, Herts. NEW ROSES for 1879. —A selection of the very best only; the finest plants in the trade; ready in March. LIST gratis, and post-free, Mr. H. BENNETT. Manor Farm, Stapleford, Salisbury. Now Ready. EWING AND COMPANY'S LIST of New Roses for 1879 is a most select one of the best New English and French varieties. Gratis and post-free to applicants. EWING AND CO., Eaton, near Norwich. Paul's Roses. WM. PAUL AND SON'S stock of ROSES is large, of excellent quality, and uninjured by frost. Standards, i^s. per dozen and upwards ; Dwarfs, gs. per dozen ; Climbers, dr. per dozen. Priced Descriptive CATALOGUES free by post. Paul's Nurseries, Waliham Cross. N. Garden Seeds. pHARLES TURNER'S Descriptive V_7 CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, containing several interesting and valuable novelties. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. FOREST TREES, Seedling and Trans- planted. — The very extensive stock of the above is this season in splendid condition. CATALOGUES on application. The Lawson Seed and Nursery Company (Limited) Edinburgh. Cheap Offer. LARCH, 3 to 4 feet, lis. dd. per looo. Carriage paid for cash with order. WILLIAM ABRAHAM, Nurseryman. Limerick. Splendid Avenue LIMES, OAKS and HORSE CHESTNUTS, 8 to 10 and 12 feet ; YEWS, 3 and 4 feet. Price low. GODWIN AND SON, Ashborne, Derby. Mangel Seed. JOHN SHARPE is now prepared to make special low offers to the Trade of highly selected Stocks, 1878 growth, from exhibition Bulbs. Bardney Manor, Lincoln. CARLET RUNNER BEANS (New English). — For Sale about 10 Bushels of the above, in splendid condition. For lowest cash price apply to W. R. HARRISON, High Street, Maidstone. To the Trade, &c. ASPARAGUS, GIANT. — Splendid Roots for Planting, in immense quantity. EWING AND CO.. Norwich. HAMPION POTATO is acknowledged to be, both in Kent and Scotland, the best Farmer's or Field Potato ; most reliable in all soils and seasons, and its extended cultivation yearly is most marvellous. Price per ton on application. H . O R M S B Y , Swanley, Kent. THE CHAM PION POTATO.— Fine samples, for Seed, of this and other leading kinds. Prices on application to The LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited), i, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh. 290 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March S, 1879, SALES BY AUCTION. Lea Bridge Nurseries, Leyton, E. PEREMPTORY CLEARANCE SALE, ihe Land having to be suirendered for Building purposes. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. John Eraser to SELL by AUC- TION, without reserve, on the Premises, as above, on MON- DAY, March lo, at 12 o'clock punctually, several thousands of Ornamental and Flowerin? TREES, Evergreen and Elowernig SHRUBS. Standard, Pyramid, and Dwarf-trained FRUU' TREES, with about 2000 very fine Standard ROSES, arranged in lots to suit large as well as small buyers. May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. ; and Leyton- stone, E. Ascot, Berks. Important Four Days' Sale of remarkably well-grown NUR- SERY STOCK, in splendid condition for removal, offernig a grand opportunity to Gentlemen, Builders, Nurserymen, and others largely engaged in planting. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. Standish i^ Co. to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Koyal Nurseries, Ascot, Berks (one mile from the Ascot Railway Station), on TUESDAY, March ii, and three following days, at ii for 12 o'clock precisely each day, several acres of remarkably wcU- growii NURSERY STOCK, including io,coo Border Shrubs, consisting of the choicest Evergreens and Conifera; in cul- tivation : also planted in quarters, 12,000 Common Laurels, 1 to 4 feet ; 2000 improved kinds ; 8000 Cupressus Lawsoniana. 2 to 5 feet, including four of the best varieties ; 5000 Variegated and Hybrid Hollies ; 6000 Common Hollies ; 8000 Retinosporas, i to 3 feet, pretty stuff for potting ; 3C00 Aucubas, 2000 Euonymus, 5000 Thujas and Piceas of sorts : 6500 hybrid and pontica Rhododendrons, and thousands of other Shrubs ; 10.000 Larch, 5000 Spanish Chestnuts, lo.coo Spruce Firs, 8ooo Austrian and Laricio Pines, 6000 Scotch Firs, 500 Planes, 6 to S feet : and other Forest and Ornamental trees ; 3000 Standard and Pyramid Fruit-trees, 2coo Standard Roses, 1000 Tea Roses in pots, together with a choice assortment of Pot Plants. The Stock may be viewed at any time prior to the Sale. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, Estate Agents and Valuers, 9S, Gracechurch Street, London, E.G., and Leytonstone, E. Refreshments provided for purchasers. Taunton, Somerset. FINAL CLEARANCE SALE.— Land Sold for Building. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, by order of Mr. Wm. Hockin, on the Premises, the Nurseries, Taunton, on TUES- DAY and WEDNESDAY, March 11 and 12, at 12 o'CIock precisely each day, the remaiting NURSERY STOCK, inrluding 3000 Fruit Trees, thousands of Laurels and other useful shrubs, Standard and Dwarf Roses, Stove and (lieen- house Plants, 2000 Jiedding Geraniums, 1000 Calceolarias, Lily of the Valley. Liliums and Ferns ; together with the erections of four GREENHOUSES, quantity of Garden FRAMES, Hot-water PIPING and Utensils, and numerous effects. Maybe viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers, q8, Gracechurch Street, E.C. St. Alban's. CLEARANCE SALE.— Expiration of Lease. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Key- field Nursery, London Road, on TUESDAY, March 18, at 12 o'clock precisely, the whole of the valuable NURSERY STOCK, consisting of thousands of Evergreen, Coniferse, and other Shrubs in great variety. Ornamental and Forest Trees, Roses, &c. : also two Greenhouses, two Pits, Piping, Brick- work, and effects. On view. Catalogues had on the Premises and of the Auctioneers. N.B. The NURSERY TO BE LET, Full particulars of Messrs. P. & M. _^_____ Tottenham, N. PEREMPTORY CLEARANCE SALE on land taken by the Great Eastern Railway from Mr. T. S. Ware, MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, on the east side of the line and close to the Tottenham Railway Station, without reserve, on TUESDAY, March 18, at 12 o'CIock precisely, a large assortment of CONIFERS and EVERGREEN SHRUBS, quantities of Standard and Dwarf ROSES, FRUIT TREES, &c. May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. In Liquidation. — Re William Rollisson & Sons. FINAL CLEARANCE SALE of PLANTS, together with the whole of the FIXTURES and UTENSILS in TRADE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by the Trustee to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nurseries, Tooting, S. W., on WEDNES- DAY, March 19, and following days, the remaining indoor Plants, consisting of a choice assortment of STOVE PLANTS, PALMS and FERNS, GREENHOUSE and NEW HOL- LAND PLANTS, including several large Camellias planted out, also a number in pots ; also Azalea indica in the newest and best kinds ; a quantity of half-specimen Ericas, and a considerable number of small hard-wooded Heaths. Boronia megastigma and elatior, and other New Holland Plants ; Cyclamens, Bouvardias, tuberous-rooted Begonias, Yucca fila- mentosa variegata ; many thousands of Geraniums in store pots ; Roses in pots, the whole of the extensive collection of hardy HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS, mostly in pots ; Lilies, hardy ORCHIDS, together with the whole of the UTENSILS-IN-TRADE. SHOP FIXTURES, including two well-made nests of Seed Drawers, made to match, each 8 feet 6 inches by 6 feet 9 inches; Shop Counter, Lathe. Spring and Tumbril Carts, Cart Horse, Harness, 200,000 Flower Pots, capital Iron Safe, 500 Bell Glasses, Water Cans, Garden and Water Barrows, Lawn Mower, the Loose Frames and Sashes, and numerous other effects May be viewed prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be had of G. WHIFFEN, Esq., Accountant, 8, Old Jewry, E.C. ; of Messrs. LEWIS, MUNNS, and LONGDEN, 8, Old Jewry, E.C. ; and of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, g8, Grace- church Street, E.C, N.B.— The valuble FREEHOLD ESTATE, of about 5A. tn. 25P.,with DWELLING-HOUSE, COTTAGES, the whole of the extensive Ranges of GLASS, TO BE LET or SOLD, with immediate possession. Terms on application to the Auctionetrs, Imported and Home-grown Lilies, Plants, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart. Tokenhouse Yard, near the Bank, E.C, on MONDAY, March 17, at half- past II o'CIock precisely, an Importation from Japan, consist- of very fine Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, KRAMEKl, TIGRINUM PLENUM and FORTUNEI. THUNBERGI- ANUM, SPECIOSUM ALBUM. and arare Hardy ORCH ID, viz., PLATANANTHERA RADIATA ALBO MARGI- NATA ; aquantity of Cypripedium spectabile, just arrived from the States ; a consignment from the Cape of Aponogeton dis- tachyon. Pelargoniums, Ha^manihus, Brunsvigias, Sparaxis pulchernma, Drimia, Strelitzia regina, Freesias, Oxalis, and several others; icoo fine roots of TIGRIDIA GRANDI- FLORA from America, a large quantity of first-class Hardy English-grown LILIES, BULBS, and PLANTS, includmg Agapanthus veltheimia, Dianella, Asparagus decumbems, Hypoxis, Hyacinthus candicans, spotted-leaved CaiLis, Iman- tophyllum, Clivias, Crinums, Pancratiums. and others ; also Tree Carnations, Primulas. Phloxes, PICOTEES, and other Herliaceous Plants, Begonias, Carneas, choice Dahlias, Sic. ; together with an Assortment of 350 Standard, Half-standard, and Dwarf ROSES, from a well-known English Nursery, View morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. SALE THIS DAY AT HALF-PAST 12 PRECISELY, Hardy Plants and Bulbs. MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on SATURDAY, March S, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, 750 lots of HARDY PLANTS and BULBS, including Fruit Trees, Roses, Hollies, and Shrubs from Holland : choice Hardy Border Plants and Lilies, Standard and Dwarf Roses from English and French Nurseries ; Rhododendrons, Begonias, Gladioli, Anemones, Ranuncui, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Imported and Flowering Orchids. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instmc- tions from Messrs. J. Backhouse & Son, of York, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C, on MONDAY, March 10, at half past 12 o'CIock precisely, a valuable Collection of Imported and Flowering ORCHIDS, comprising fine plants of the newly reintroduced Odontoglossum Londesboroughianum, which bears large and showy fine yellow flowers, heavily and richly barred with con- centric bars of crimson ; Epidendrum nemorale, grand masses, the finest ever offered ; E. vitellinum majus, also very fine masses ; Ljelia peduncularis and Cypripedium Irapeanum, both very rare and beautiful. Amongst the Flowering Orchids will be found well grown plants of Odontoglossum vexillarium, exceedingly strong and promising ; BoUea ccelestis. Disa grandiflora, Cattleya Triana; tyrianthina, a variety of great beauty ; Dendrobium Wardianum, Masdevallia Bella, and several plants of the true Trichopilia fra^rans, with pure white sweet-scented flowers ; Odontoglossum Phalsnopsis, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Plants and Bulbs. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden. W.C , on WEDNESDAY, March 12. at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, and PALMS, from Ghent; Standard and Dwarf ROSES, from France ; FRUIT TREES,'SHRUBS. choice HERBACEOUS PLANTS, rare LILIES, GLADIOLI, ANEMONES, RANUNCULI. &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Valuable Imported Orchids. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Messrs. James Veitch & Sons to offer for SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, March 13, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, a very fine lot of imported and other ORCHIDS, including an importation of the rare and very beautiful Odontoglossum naevium ; O. Phala;nopsis, probably the finest masses ever imported ; Oncidium cucullatum and its beautiful varieties, in splendid plants ; a quantity of established plants of Odontoglossum Alexandra, together with many other fine kinds, &c. ; the whole without any reserve. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Importations of Lilium auratum and L. Erameri, in splendid condition. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY, March 13, 5000 splendid bulbs of LILIUM AURAIUM from Japan, including many of unusual size; and 2000 fine roots of LILIUM KRAMER! ; 5000 TIGRIDIA GRANDIFLORA. from New Jersey; importa- tions of DION^A MUSCIPULA and SARRACENIA FLAVA, received direct from New Jersey ; choice CYPRI- PEDIUMS, DISA GRANDIFLORA, and other liardy ORCHIDS, TREE FERNS. &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Aerides crassifolium (described in Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 176 and No 199. as " the King of all Aerides "), CATTLEYA DOWIANA, and other choice ORCHIDS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on MONDAY, March 17. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low i^ Co., upwards of 6od imported plants of AERIDES CRASSI- FOLIUM. in splendid condition, with healthy leaves, many of large size, and making young roots. This is probably, without exception, the most lovely known species of the genus, as well as the most rare in collections. Also imported plants of Vanda coerulescens, and upwards of 100 very fine plants of Cattleya Dowiana, 2?o Odontoglossum Schleipperianum, just to hand by R.M.S.s Don. At the same time will be offered established plants of PhalKuopsis Schilleriana, P. amabllis, P. Luddeman- niana, Odontoglossum cirrhosum, with flower-spikes ; loa O. Alexandrse, O. gloriosum, O. Roezlii, with flower-spikes ; Cypripedium Boxalli, C villosum, flowering plants ; Dendro- bium Wardianum, D. chrysotoxum. ID. suavissimum, Cym- bidium affine. and other choice ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Preliminary Notice of an Important Sale of Plants MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Lady Dorothy Nevill to offer for SALE by AUCTION. EARLY in MAY, the magnificent COLLECTION of PLANTS at Dangstein, and which for many years has been one of the mnst extensive and interesting in the country. Auction Rooms and Offices, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. GREAT CLEARING SALE of NURSERY ' STOCK, Perryhill Nursery, Aberdeen. — In conse- quence of the death of Mr., Roy. the whole Stock is to be SOLD off without reserve by PUBLIC ROUP on FRIDAY, March 28, at 11 o'CIock. The Stock is extensive. ' Catalogues to be had on application to Messrs. COLLIE, Advocates, Aberdeen, Agents for Mr. Roy's Executors, or to the Auctioneer. JOHN WILSON, Auctioneer. Aberdeen. TO BE SOLD, seventy years' unexpired lease of about 5 acres of LAND, within easy distance of four of the best markets in Lancashire, and adjoining railway station. On the property is about 10,000 feet of good Glass Structures, heated with hot-water pipes, and with cjld-water taps in each house, well stocked with Vines in splendid bearing order. Ground rent, a halfpenny perfyard. Can be seen, and fufi particulars given. Highest offer accepted. — Address AMATEUR, W. H. Smith & Sons' Bookstall, Exchange Station, Liverpool. TO BE LET, together or separately, a MARKET GARDEN, FARM, and ORCHARD, with immediate possession, by direction of the Executor ; from 50 to 90 acres of Land, with House and Homestead ; near Sunbury- on-Thames. Apply to Mr. NIGHTINGALE, Land Agent, High Street, Kingston. Surrey. INARMS.— Very* superior Market Garden Land, Barking, Essex, about 80 acres, with or without 30 acres of rich Grazing Marshes. Excellent residence and every requisite Outbuilding. HENRY THOMPSON, Land Agent, Dagenham, Essex. Notice to Debtors and Creditors. ALL PERSONS HAVING any CLAIM or DEMAND againit the Firm of SALISBURY a«d SMITH, of Melbourne, Derbyshire, Farmers and Market Gardeners, are requested to forward particulars of their Claims to the undersigned, on or before APRIL 6, 1S79. that they may be examined and discharged. All PERSONS INDEBTED to the said FIRM are requested to PAY the AMOUNT of their account forthwith to the surviving partner. ROBERT SMITH, Shawe Farm, Melbourne. March 4. 1879. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, HORTI- cui-TURAL, Market Gakden and Estate Auctionhers and Valuers. 98, Gracechurch Street, City, E.G., and at Leyton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. Horticultural Valuations. MR. EDWIN COOLING, LICENSED Valuer, undertakes the VALUATION of all kinds of HORTICULTURAL PROPERTY. Terms on application. Mile Ash Nurseries, Derby. UTTON'S MAGNUM BONUM POTATOS, iM. per cwt. Apply to W. W. PEARCE, Measham, Atherstone. Potatos. DOWNIE AND LAIRD have to offer Dalmahoy and Regent POTATOS. Prices per cwt>or ton on application. DOWNIE AND LAIRD, Nurserymen, Seedsmen, nod Florists, 17, South Frederick Street, Edinburgh. Pelargoniums. PELARGONIUS.— Strong healthy plants, in single pols, fit for immediate shifting, consisting of Show, French, and Fancy varieties, 35J. per 100, packing included. Cash with order. HOLDER AND SON, Crown Nurseries, Reading. To tlie Trade. SEED POTATOS.— Our SPECIAL LIST, containing all the best English and American varieties grown by us the past season, may now be had, post-free, on application. H. AND F. SHARPE, Seed Growers, Wisbech. NGLISH OAKS.— Tall straight Standards, 10 feet high, 20s. per 100, j^S %s. per looo, for cash. J. GEO. HIL;l, The Royal Nurseries. Meniotl, SomerMt. To the Trade. IRISH IVIES, staked, in pots, strong, 5 to 6 feet, SOS. per loo. AUCUBA JAPONICA, 2 to 2)i feet, fine bushy plants, splendid foliage, 50s. per 100, for cash with order. Delivered free within 6 miles of nursery. W. FROMOW, Sutton Court Nursery, Turnham Green, London, W. ArEWS. — 3i to 4i feet, 9o.f. per loo ; 3 to JL 4 feet, 84^. per loo ; well adapted for hedges, &c. : also some prime well-rooted Green HOLLIES, i to 3 feet, in good condition for hedges ; all recently moved in good condition. A good lime for planting now. JOSEPH SPOONER, Woking, Surrey. FOR SALE, 4000 of good 3-yr. old Crown Bob GOOSEBERRY TREES, true to name. Priced per 1000, delivered at Spalding Station. Cash or reference required. Apply Mr. W. COLVIN, Money Bridge Gardens, Pinchbeck, Spalding. Notice.— To Gentlemen, Gardeners, and Others- . t"'OR SALE, 3000 English YEWS, goor -A- healthy stuff, move well, r foot 6 inches to 3 feet high capital stuff for Garden Fences or Screens. Also some thousanti: of 2-yr. old ASPARAGUS for sale. Price on applicitioo, M> samples sent if required. No reasonable ofter refused. MOWER AND CO., Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Sibl' Hedingham. To the Trade or Otherwise. SCOTCH FIR, 1,500,000 (True) 2-yea Seedlings, excellent stuff. S,ooo,ooo SCOTCH Fll (True), i-yr. Seedlings. W. WISEMAN AND SON. Elgin, N.B. QPANISH CHESTNUT, 2-yr. Seedling: t-J from g inches to 2 feet. About 30,000. Price and samp- on application. RICHARD MASON, Windlesham Nursery, Bagshot, Surrt; 1 March S, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 291 SCOTCH FIR, LARCH, Seedling and Transplanted, for sale cheap. Carrla.^e paid Lo London. LEVAVASSEUR AND SON, Nurserymen, Ussy (Calvados), France. LARCH, i-yr. seedling; transplanted PEAR STOCKS; SPANISH CHESTNUTS, 6 to 9 inches ; Champion and Walker's Regent P0TAT05 for seed : a splendid collection of PHLOXES, bedding VIOLAS and PANSIES. DICKSONS AND CO., t, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh. ERBENAS, VERBENAS, VERBENAS. — Fine, healthy, well-rooted Cuttings, perfectly free from disease, of White, Scarlet, Pui-ple, and Pink, 6^. per loo ; 50J. per icoo. TOO rooted Cuttings in twelve splendid varieties, First Prize Flowers, for Sj. Terms cash. I H. BLANDFORD. The Dorset Nurseries, Blandford. STANDARD SCARLET RHODODEN- DRONS, &c., finest named varieties, with straight stems and fine heads, full of blooming buds, are offered at 5^., 7^. 6(/. , and loJ. dd. each, by W. H. ROGERS. Red Lodge Nursery, Southampton. ASPARAGUS, ASPARAGUS. — Strong roots, 2-yr. old, Conover's Colossal and Giant, x^s. per 1000. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, I Northampton. To the Trade. I MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F, SHARPE will be pleased to give • special quotations for their fine selected stocks of ^ome-grown MANGEL WURZEL, and SWEDE and other TURN IP SEEDS of 1S7S growth, and raised from transplanted Bulbs. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. ARDY HEATHS.— 60,000 good plants, in great variety — fine for Edging. Bedding, Covering Banks or raised mounds. The prices, which are very low, will Je found in the CATALOGUE, free per post. JAMES SMITH, Datley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. YMAN, of all sizes, \ZALEA MOLLIS, and A. PONTICA ; CAMELLIAS. DEUTZIA GRACILIS, DIELVTRA SPECTABILIS, 3P1R/EA JAPONICA, PALMS for Table use, DRAC^NAS, FERNS, and YUCCA VARIEGAT A. CATALOGUES free on application. JULES DE COCK, Nursery •J Ghent. Belgium, offers AZALEA INDICA of Cabbage Plants. pABBAGE PLANTS.— Can now supply the ^-^ following, good strong healthy plants :— Early Battersea, Early Nonpareil, Early Enfield Market, Early O.fheart. Robin- ,.on's Drumhead, and Red Pickling Cabbage. Prices on I ipplication. W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, near Guildford. SCOTCH GROWN SEED POTATOS.— ^ The foHowing unsurpassed main crop varieties, genuine ind sound, viz. :— Dalmahoy Early. Edinburgh or Red Bog 5arly, Fortyfold, Dunbar Regent, Paterson's Victoria, Walker's iarly Regent, and Rintoul's Early White Don, 55, per bushel CHAMPION REGENT, true, 41. per bushel. TODD AND CO., Seedsmen, Maitland Street, Edinburgh. ODEAS.— Healthy young plants of T. superba and T. hymenophylloides (pellucida), free and afe by post. "zs. 6d. each for prepayment. Trade price (low) er 100. or lesser quantities, on application. ROBERT SIM, Sidcup Hill Nursery, Foot's Cray, Kent. Roses, Fruit Trees, &o. ri/^ILLIAM FLETCHER'S CATALOGUE I T T for the present season is now ready, and may be had I n application. The stock is very large and most healthy. The Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey. AMPTON COURT BLACK HAM^ BURGH VINE.— Strong fruiting well ripened Canes of his well known Grape. 51., 7^, 6d., and loi. 6d. each ; Planting Janes, 31. 611^. each. Also a good stock of most of the best kinds. T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, Kingston, Surrey CHOICE NAMED RHODODENDRONS, <-> fine bushy Plants, are offered at /Cs per 100, or selected is. per dozen, by W, H. ROGERS, Red Lodge Nursery, Southampton CATALOGUES fiee on application. SPANISH CHESTNUT, ASH, BIRCH, vJ ALDER and HAZEL— stout, well-rooted, transplanted i large quantity to be sold. Mr. GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery, Midhurst. Manetti Stocks. PWING AND CO. have a few thousands L-* tnore than they require, of very fine quality, which they •e onering at a low price. Eaton, near Norwich. ':j.LASTONBURY or HOLY THORN.— --* Strong plants of above, 3 to 4 feet high, 2j. 6d. each Iways blossoms at Christmas. J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. ;;UTTON'S MAGNinvT BONUM ^ POTATOS for Sale. For Seed Bag of 4 stones, 8i. Post- mce Orders payable at Uppingham. J. W. KINGSTON. Glaston. Uppingham. Roses Fnut Trees, and General Nursery Stock. LY a. KUWE solicits the inspection by ZJi, * ^"''""y"'^" of his extensive stock of the above, hich are well-grown, and fit for removal. I^^rbourne Nurseries, Worcester. gVERGREEN70AKS:=Ala.:ir^ii^nd^ • ^°' ^''^' 4 f«t. 3 feet, 6 feet, 7 feet, and 8 f?et at ex- :pt.onally low prices ; also Standards, 6 feet stems, good heads, jnces on application to > 6 "" ,J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. J^HOMAS METHVEff AND SONS have ITR and ^PrNTiqr\l;?n,^' '"■"]'« "■^""P'^""=d SCOTCH l>'.ciar",uota.ionYL^X^°',-'' -" "= "^PPy '<> -"d Leith Walk Nurseries, Edinburgh. NEW AND CHOICE SEEDS FOE 1879. WILLIAMS' CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTEUM RUBRUM, new, 51. and 31. 6d. perpkt. WILLIAMS' CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTEUM. sj. and si. 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, finest mixed, 51., 31. 6d., 2j. id. and is. 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' CALCEOLARIA, Herbaceous, finest mixed, 5^., 35. 6<{., 2s. 6d. and i^. 6^'. per packet. WEATHERILL'S CINERARIA, extra choice mixed, 51., 3J. 6d., is. 6d., and ts. 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' PRIMULA SINENSIS FIM- BRIATA COCCINEA, new. 51. and 3s. 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' PRIMULA SINENSIS FIM- BRIATA, red, white, or mixed, 5^. , 3.S. 6d., 2s. 6d, and IS. 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' BEGONIA, New Bedding, finest mi.xed, 2s, 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' SOLANUM HYBRIDUM, Empress, new, 2s. 6d. per packet. WILLIAMS' VIOLA CORNUTA, Loveli- ness, new, 2s. 6d. per packet. COLLECTIONS OF CHOICE VEGETABLE SEEDS fO/i ONE YEAIi'S SUPPLY. A COLLECTION, loj-. 6d. B COLLECTION, lis. 0 COLLECTION, 42s. D COLLECTION, 63^-. E COLLECTION, 84^. Illustrated Seed Catalogue, of New and Choice FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS, POST-FREE. AU Seeds amounting to 2O3. Carriage Free to any Bailway Station in England. Flower Seeds Free by Post, except heavy kinds. r To the Trade. NEW POTATO, " PRIDE of ONTARIO." Hand F. SHARPE are now sending out • the above most prolific and handsome shaped new- Potato. Full description and price may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. EBB'S CHOICE POLYANTHUS AND OTHER SPRING PLANTS. Early orders are solicited for the above choice plants. Apply to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. EBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERTS AND OTHER NUTS. Persons desirous of obtaining Trees of the above, grown by the late R. Webb, of Calcot, should give early orders to THE MANAGER. Calcot Gardens, Reading. CATALOGUES post-free on application. Boses, Roses. DOWNIE AND LAIRU are now sending out the above, the Finest Varieties in Cultivation, at gs. per dozen, selection left to D. & L. Royal Winter Gardens, Edinburgh. PRUCE FIRS.— A quantity of strong stuff for sale, 2 feet high, at 30J. per 1000. J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. NGLISH YEWS.— Extra transplanted and well furnished, 3 to 4 feet, qs. per dozen, 60s. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet, 12^. per dozen, gos. per 100. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS. 34, Drapery, Northampton. pEDRUS DEODARA, 2\ to 3^ feet, 24J. to ^^ 30J. per dozen. ABIES DOUGLASII, 5 to 7 feet, 20s. to 30J. per dozen. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 2^ 'o 3% feet, 101. per doz. The above are very fine and well-rooted. WILLIAM IRELAND, Pilton Nurseries, Barnstaple. OLD MEDAL BEGONIAS.— Seed saved from our unrivalled collection of named varieties, in sealed packets, is. 6d. and 2j. 6d. post-free. Special offers to the Trade. JOHN LAING AND CO., Nurseries, Forest Hill. S.E. Special Cheap Offer. To SEEDSMEN, MARKET GARDENERS, and OTHERS IDEA, Jeyes' or Payne's Conqueror. About -L 20 quarters. Handpicked, 15s. per bushel; 112J. per quarter. Samples on application to W. BALL AND CO., Bedford Ro.id Nursery, Norlh.nmpton. Three Really Good Things. CUCUMBER.— New Improved Telegraph, 12 seeds, IS. per packet. GOURD.— Peturion or Mammoth, i.r. per packet. CELERY. — Dixon's XL, red, is. per packet. I packet of each for 30 stamps, post-free. JOHN E. DIXON, Seedsman, Gainsborough. Florists' Flowers. T FORBES' CATALOGUE for 1879 ^* • (50 pages) of all the newest and best Carnations, Picotees, Pinks, Geraniums, Fuchsias, Pansies, Phloxes, Pent- stemons. Antirrhinums, Begonias, Verbenas, &c., is now ready, and may be had free on application. The Nurseries, Hawick, N.B. Good Things. JOHN MOGFORD, Exporter of CAPE ^ BULBS, can supply the Trade with all the leading kinds, DISA GRANDIFLORA, &c. 10, Camp Street Gardens, Cape Town. riALCEOLARIA, Golden Gem.— Strong V^ healthy autumn-struck, 6s. per loo, 50J. per 1000. GERANIUM, Vesuvius.— Strong, from stores, 85. per 100. Package free, cash. W. FIELD, Tarvin Road Nursery. Chester. IX/TANGEL and SWEDE, Choice Stocks.— -1-T_1. We can offer our thoroughly guaranteed Stocks, in 1878 harvest of above, at very low prices to the trade. SANDER AND CO.. Seed Growers, St. Albans. Vines —Vines -Vines. T> S. WILLIAMS begs to announce that -L'» his stock of VINES is this year unusually fine, and comprises all the leading kinds, including " Alnwick Seedling.' For descriptions and prices, see B. S. W.'s BULB CATA- LOGUE for this year. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoIIoway, London, N. WVerheuaa in Single Pots. ILLIAM BADMAN offers clean, healthy, Purple King, Crimson King, and Le Grand Boule de Neige (finest white), in single pots, r^j. per 100. Twelve choice Show kinds, m pots, 16s. per 100. Packing included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. Verbenas from Store Pots. WILLIAM BADMAN offers clean, healthy, well-rooted cuttings of Purple. White, Scarlet, Crimson, and Rose Verbenas, 6s. per 100 ; sar. per 1000. Twelve choice Show Varieties, 8j. per 100. Package included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. Special Offer of Pelargoiuums. TyiLLIAM BADMAN offers Mrs. Pollock, 1.7 ^^^-^ P^"^ ^'^' ^'^s'Jvius, js. per loo, (jos. per rooo ; Master Christine and Madame Vaucher, los. per loo ; Silver variegated May Queen and Crystal Palace Gem, los. per ico. Packing included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. T3ASPBERRY CANES.— For Sale, 150,000 J-Ij Fastolf, at 17.J. per 1000, free on rail. Cheque or reference to a London house required with order. R. BATH. Cray ford. lyrAHONIA AQUIFOLIA. — Transplanted, ■^ -'- 6 t^o 12 inches, 12.1. per 1000 ; i to ij^ fool, 205-. per 1000. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS. 34, Drapery, Northampton. 292 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 8, 1879. LILIES FOR BEDS AND GROUPS. LILIUM AURATUM, by the dozen, hundred or thousand, at ad., IS., and i^. 6d. each. LILIUM KRAMERI, by the dozen, hundred or thousand, at IS. 6d. and is. 6d. each. LILIUM SZOVITZIANUM. by the dozen, hundred or thousand, at is., is. 6d., and 25. 6d. each. LILIUM TIGRINUM FORTUNEI, by the dozen, hundred or thousand, at gd. and is. each. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road. Chelsea, London, S.W. To the Trade. SPECIAL PRICES ON APPLICATION EORGE COOPER, Seed Merchant, Hertford, begs to offer the following, of the choicest stocks : — ONION, White Spanish „ White Globe ,, Bedfordshire Champion CELERY, Cooper's Improved White BROMPTON STOCK, Giant Scarlet CYCLAMEN PERSICUM. from large flowers. G BEET, Red.Cooper'sEncelsior BROCCOLI. Hill's June CUCUMBER, Improved Tele- graph [Matchless PARSLEY, Curled, Cooper's SWEDE, Cooper's Improved Large Purple-top TURNIP, ImprovedAberdeen Green-top Yellow Special Offer of STRONG 1- R U 1 r I N G VINES to the Trade. BLACK HAMBURGH. I DUKEOF HUCCLEUCH. BLACK ALICANTE. | FOSTERS SEEDLING. MUSCAT OF ALEXANDRIA, &c. 4S. Od. each, or 45J. per dozen. FRUIT TREES. ROSES, CUNIFERS, in great variety. CATALOGUES on application. W. G. CALDWELL and SONS, The Nurseries, Knutsford, Cheshire. R DENNY'S ZONAL PELARGO- NIUMS, Sixth Set. — This series will consist of the six splendid varieties that were awarded the Premier Prize for *' six varieties not in commerce, florists' class," at the Pelargo- nium Society's Exhibition of 1878. Descriptive CATALOGUES forwarded on application to Mr. JOHN BALAAM, Vine Nursery, Hackney Downs Road. Lower Clapton, N.E. ATTLEYA MENDELII, CATTLEYA GIGAS, ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA. O. PESCATOREI, O. TRIUMPHANS, O. PHAL^NOPSIS. &c. ; ONCIDIUMS of sorts, macranthum, ampliatum majus, cucullatum, &c., and a quantity of other beautiful ORCHIDS chiefly for cool culture. Before ordering, send for the '"New Plant and Bulb Company's" LIST. These plants come from our own collectors, and can be supplied either just arrived very cheaply, or semi-established from last year's importations. Lion Walk. Colchester, TO THE TRADE. 100,000 LARCH FIR, transplanted. 75,000 ASH, transplanted. 50.000 CHESTNUTS. Spanish, transplanted. 50.000 MANETTI STOCKS. 20,000 LAURELS, Common. 5.000 AUCUBAS. 5,000 LAURELS. Portugal. STANDARD ROSES. ASPARAGUS PLANTS. 2. 3. and 4-Vr. Extra fine Dwarf-trained PEACHES. NECTARINES, APRICOTS, APPLES. PEARS. PLUMS, and CHERRIES, also fine Pyramid APPLES and PEARS. WM. WOOD AND SON, The Nurseries, Maresfield Uckfield, Sussex. Welllngtonia glgantea Seed. LPAILLET, NURSERYMAN, Chatenay-les- • Sceaux, near Paris, France, has the pleasure to an- nounce that he has just received a splendid lot of fresh Seeds of WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA of very first quality, from California. L. PAILLET also offers Tuberous or Bulbous BEGONIAS, fine mixed varieties for bedding; splendid ROSES of every kind, at very low prices. CATALOGUES, Prices, &c.. sent on application either direct to L. P., as above ; or to his Agents. Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 15. Harp Lane, Great Tower Street, London. E.G. CLARKIA, Hardy's new Double SALMON QUEEN and PURPLE KING.— Two First-Class CertU ficatcs were awarded to H. I. Hardy by the Royal Horti- cultural Society, July 7. 1875. •* Hardy's Clarkias. — We have never seen finer double Clarkias than these letter."— Gardeners' Chro?ticle, July 18, 1875. Caution, — The Trade, to ensure these fine Clarkias true, should be careful to give their orders to the Raiser. Price by the pound or ounce on application. H. I. HARDY. Stour Valley Seed Grounds. Bures, Sufl^olk. To the Trade. J AS, CARAWAY and CO. oflfer :— PEARS, extra strong dwarf-trained Eeurre Diel, 15.1. per dozen. ,, extra strong, assorted, 155. per dozen. ^5 pc loo- VINES, strong well-ripened canes, for planting, 42J. per dozen. FILBERTS, transplanted layers, strong, 255. per 100. JAS. GARAWAY and CO., Durdham Down Nurseries, Clifton, Bristol. Selected Giant Brussels Sprouts. LOWNDES' TRUE AIGBURTH STOCK. JAMES TYNAN begs to offer Seed of this celebrated Brussels Sprouts, grown by Mr. John Lowndes for the la5t fifteen years. It grows to a height of 3 feet, and is completely covered from the top to the ground with large firm Sprouts, which during the recent severe weather have resisted the action of the frost most wonderfully. It is undoubtedly supe- rior to any other variety grown. The Gardens, Sand Hall, Howdtn^ Sept. 28, 1876. " Your ' Selected Giant ' Brussels Sprouts is a great improve- ment on the old kinds, being much larger both in stem and Sprout. We have a quantity of fine hard Sprouts already. " H. Craike." In packets \s. each, post-free. Seed Warehouse. 68, Great George Street, Liverpool. W' ELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA. — Fine trees, 8 to 10 feet high, transplanted 2 years since, •ihs. per dozen. ■ J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. ARBUTUS.— Fine bushy well-rooted Plants, 2 to 3 feet, are ofTered at 50J. per 100, by W. H. ROGERS, Red Lodge Nursery, Southampton. A MILLION Special. HERBACEOUS AND ALPINE PLANTS, which must be moved in conse- quence of having to clear a portion of my ground required by the GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY COMPANY, for the purpose of widening their hne. I have decided, in order to ensure a QUICK CLEARANCE, to offer the same at VERY REDUCED RATES. Priced Lists are being prepared, and will be forwarded in due course, with NEW ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, to all my patrons, also on application. THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham. London. ONE GUINEA COLLECTION of VEGETABLE SEEDS, containing 6 quarts of excellent Peas for succession, and 50 packets of other leading sorts of SEEDS, all of best quality. Carriage Free to any Railw.Tv Stnti^n in Encl^inH. •Richard Smith &cf- ^ Worcester =i< E. G. HENDERSON & SON OFFER THE FOLLOWING NOVELTIES WHICH ARE DHSCRIDED IN THE New Seed Catalogue for 1879. NEW JAPANESE HARICOT BEAN. " The Wonderful." Fruit small, and of a crimson colour. Unlike the English Haricot, this forms a delicious marmalade, ir.. 2i. 6t/., and 5.S. per packet. NEW JAPANESE GOURD. Keeps well throughout the winter. After being boiled the inside remams a dry farmaceous firm mass, and is used similar to Potatos. IX. per packet. NEW JAPANESE RADISH. For winter use, similar pre- pared as Turnips, is. per packet. ARCTIUM EDULE. A Japanese vegetable, eaten like Sea- kale; a delicious dish for winter and spring, li. and ar 6/. per packeL NEW ALPINE STRAWBERRY, "Mademoiselle Vernier." Seed packets, is., plants is. CUCUMBER-MELON, 32 inches long, cooked and eaten similar to Vegetable Marrow. Fully ripe it has the flavour of a good Melon. 11. per packet. PANSY, Multicolor, Fire Dragon and Rainbow, i». each per packet. LOBELIA, Naval Brigade, is. per packet. RICHARDIA ALBO MACULATA, is. per packet. SABBATIA CHLOROIDES, is. per packet. SALVIA FARINACEA, ir. &/. per packet. GERANIUM MOLLE AUREUM. is. 6d. per packet. GOLDEN POINT-LACE PYRETHRUM, 11. per packet. BEGONIA ROEZLII (new species), is. 6d. per packet. CAPE EVERLASTING FLOWER, 11. and ar. 6^. per packet. ZEPHYRANTHES GRANDIFLORA ALBA, ai. 6rf. SAXIFRAGA BURSERI, is. and is. 6d. per packet. The most beautiful among all the early flowering Alpine Plant!. GNAPHALIUM LEONTOPODIUM, is. per packet. CASTILLEJA INDIVISA, 11. per packet. EAST LOTHIAN CRIMSON STOCK, 11. per packet. IPOMCEA QUAMOCLIT. var.. Ivy-leaved, is. per packet. GLOXINIA CRASSIFOLIA. ai. 6d. per packet. SOLANUM LOBELI, is. per packet. NICOTIAN A ACUTI FOLIA and SUAVEOLENS, u. each per packet. Special attention is given that the finest quality only in FLORIST FLOWERS is offered, such as : Primulas, Calceo- larias, Cinerarias, Pansies, Balsams, Begonias, Cyclamen, Mimulus, Pelargoniums. Petunias. Zinnias, Stocks, Asters, &c.:— See CATALOGUE for description. Bulbs or Tubers of the following may be sent safely through the post. E. G. H. & Son's Selection of the following are from their select and choice cultivated collection, of which they have many thousands now ready :— Per dozen sorts~5. d. s. d. BEGONIAS, splendid assottment (mixed, 6j.) 9 o and 12 o CALADIUMS. distint varieties la o „ 18 o GLOXINIAS, beautiful varieties .. .. 6 o „ 0 o ACHIMENES, distinct and choice sorts .. a o ,, 30 GESNERAS, fine selection 4 o „ 6 o DAHLIAS, best of all sections 4 o „ 6 o CHRYSANTHEMUM Cuttings .. .. .. 26 (New and Rare Varieties of the above, see prices in Catalogue.) SPIRAEA JAPONICA, with golden variegated leaves, is, bd. THE PINE-APPLE NURSERY, Maida Vale, London, W. DANIELS' NORFOLK GIANT BROCCOLI. For use in March, April and May. The largest, hardiest, whitest and best Broccoli in the world. Has been grown during the past season to the enormous weight of 28 lb. each. A grand variety, of compact habit, stem robust and short : flower-heads excecdinely large and beauti- fully white, being well protected with luxuriant overlapping foliage. A most valuable market variety ; sells readily at Covent Garden and Provincial Markets at a high figure. NORFOLK GIANT BROCCOLI Can be obtained only direct from us in our own Sealed Packets. Is. 6(t per Packet. J GEO. HILL (late John Scott) has a • quantity of the following to offer, at very low rates, for well-grown, well-rooted stuff; — ALDER, 4 to 5 feet, strong. BEECH, 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet, stout. BIRCH. Silver, all sizes. CHESTNUT (Spanish). 2 to 2^ feet, strong. FIR, Spruce, 2 to lYi feet, and 3 to 4 feet, transplanted. ,, Silver, 2 to 4 feet, well-rooted. HAZEL. 3 feet, very strong. OAKS, English. 8 to 10 feet. YEWS, English. Price on application to J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott. Somerset. D.— DANIELS BROS., ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT. NORWICH. BEGONIA SEE Handsome New Kinds. Saved from exceedingly beautiful varieties of the handsome- flowered tuberous-rooted section. The flowers h.ive all been carefully fertilised, so that splendid new kinds may be expected from this seed. \s. td. and 7S. 6d. per packet. PRIMULA. CINERARIA, and CALCEOLARIA, from Prize strains, the best that can be purchased, each at is. id. and 2J 6'S c*^ precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., upwards of 600 imported plants of AERIDES CRASSIFOLIUM in splendid condition, with healthy leaves, many of large size, and makmg young roots. This is probably, without exception, the most lovely known species of I ^I^'^^xt'c*^ ^^f " '^^ ''^'^ ™°^^ '■^'■^ '" collections. Also imported plants of VANDA CtERU- r-T^ccTT«; upwards of 100 very fine plants of CATTLEYA DOWIANA, 200 ODONTO- GLOSSUM SCHLEIPPERIANUM, just to hand by R.M. ss. Don. At the same time will be ?r^^,.Ax?x?J'l'^'^^''P'^"'5°'' PHAL/ENOPSIS SCHILLERIANA, P. AMABILIS, P. LUD- ?S^^^^'^A'^'^'^' ODONTOGLOSSUM CIRRHOSUM, with flower-spikes; 100 O. ALEX- ^^T T?>'f;'r?; GLORIOSUM, O. ROEZLII, with flower-spikes ; CYPRIPEDIUM BOXALLI, C. cTTA,rro^,¥;,^?'''"'"S plants; DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM, D. CHRYSOTOXUM, D. SUAVrSSIMUM, CYMBIDIUM AFFINE, and other choice Orchids. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. Important Sale of Odontoglossum Alexandrae, and other New Grenadian Orchids. TV/TR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that he has received instruc- -LVX tions from Mr. B. S. Williams, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, N. to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, March 20, 1000 plants of the lovely ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR/E ; also a quantity of plants of O. GLORIOSUM PILUMNA NOBILIS, &c. The plants will be sold without reserve, and are in the finest possible condition, just ready to start. In the consignment will be found some magnificent pieces, probably the largest ever imported to this country. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. pABBAGE PLANTS, SEEDS, ROOTS, ^-^ &c. — Finest Selected Stock of all kinds, for the Farm or Garden. Largest and Best Stock in the Kingdom. " Gee's superior Bedfordshire-grown plants and seeds have attained much celebrity."— ** The soils of the district offer facilities enjoyed at few plaoes for bringing away plants, seeds, roots, &c., and under the skill and perseverance of Mr. F. Gee they are turned to good account." — Wide Opinions of the Press. Large Cash buyers treated with on the most liberal and advantageous terms. 1879 Select CATALOGUE, also Special Trade LIST, may be had on application to FREDERICK GEE, Wholesale and Retail Seed and Plant Grower. Seed Merchant, and Nurseryman, Biggleswade. Beds. JOHN WATERER and SONS, Bagshot, Surrey, beg to offer : — 5COO LAURELS, Portugal, 3 to 4 feet. 5000 YEWS, English, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. 5000 FIRS. Spruce, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. 5000 HOLLIES, Green. 2, 3, and 4 feet. Price on application. O THE TRADE. SWEDE, Hall's Westbury Purple-top, 200 bushels nett growth of present season. CABBAGE, Early Rainham and Enfield Market, nett growth present season. Prices on application to W. COCKS, Monk's Hall, Gosbcrton, Spalding. Revised Special Offer of Popular and Cbeap Orchids. m MESSRS. JAMES VEITCH and SONS are enabled to offer good healthy plants of the following sterling ORCHIDS at the subjoined prices :— Each— J. d. ADA aurantiaca . . . . . . newly imported 5 „ AERIDES Fielding! established 15 « BROUGHTONlAsanguinea .... „ >; « CALANTHE Veitchii „ 75 CATTLEYA cltrina „ 35 „ Mossia; „ 5 ^ ,, Skinneri .. .. .. ., ,. ,, 5 o CHYSIS bractescens ,. 7 g DENDROBIUM Bensonia: .. 5 ° „ bigibbum . . . . . . newly imported 7 5 ,, crassinode Barberianum .. .. established 7 5 ,, formosum . . .. .. .. .. ., 7 6 ,, japonicum newly imported 3 5 .. nobile . . . . . . , . . . established 5 q EPIDENDRUM macrochilum .. newly imported 3 5 ,. vitellinum majus.. newly imported, 2^. 6rf. and 3 5 L/ELIA anceps .. ., .. .. established 3 g MASDEVALLIA Davisii ,, 75 ,, Harryana ,, >c) 6 ,, Veitchiana .. .. .. . . ,, 7 6 ODONTOGLOSSUM ciirhosum .. .. „ 35 ,, cordatum . . ,, So „ grande ,. $ o ,, HalUi established, js. 6d. and 10 5 ,, hastilabium newly imported 5 q ,, Pescatorei ._ . . ,. So ,, Phalsenopsis . . newly imported, 3J. 61/. and 5 q ,, pulchellum majus .. .. .. established 3 5 „ Roezlii „ 5 ^ .. Rossii „ 35 ONCIDIUM concolor „ 10 g ,, cucullatum .. .. .. newly impoited 3 5 „ Forbesii .. .. .. .. .. established 7 g ,, incurvum .. .. .. .. .. ,* So „ Krameri .. .. .. .. .. ,, So , , varicosum . . . . . . . . „ So , , Weltonii . . . . . . . . newly imported 3 5 SACCOLABIUM ampullaceum .. .. established 5 g „ Blumei majus .. .. .. .. ,, 7 6 Larger plants of the abovi' at proportionate prices. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KINGS ROAD, CHICLSEA, S.W. UTAWBERRRIES, prepared Plants.— Now KJ is the time to plant for profit. From the fact of my being located in the midst of hundreds of acres, enables me to offer very fine plants of the best and most profitable Kentish kinds, true to name, ^s. per ico. Special prices for large quantities. STRAWBERKIES.— Splendid strong plants, established in small pots for immediate private planting, to produce a crop of fruit at once. lis. per 100. STRAWBERRIES for Forcing.— Extra strong, in 6-inch pots, showing three or four crowns. Crop at once certain. 7,<,s. per 100. Special prices per truckload. CATALOGUE post free. From Mr. Henry Peckham, Thorpe, Cherisey, October, 1878 : — " Dear Sir,— '1 he Strawberry plants (24,000) have arrived ia splendid condition." " H. Cannell, Swanley, Kent." RASPBERRIES.— The best Kentish kinds, strong, picked Canes, and if planted now will yield a crop this season. Price, &c., on application. H. ORMSBY, Swanley, Kent. SEEDS FOR SALE.— Brussels Sprouts, Early Cabbage, Myatt's Extra Curled Parsley, Yellow Intermediate Mangel, all from selected stock. Also a few tons of Snotvflake Potatos. For lowest cash price apply to F. AND C. MYATT. Offenham, Evesham. ARLE Y DALE NURSERIES. —One Hundred and Sixty Acres of Ground covered with TREES and SHRUBS. Many thousands are growri for Orn.Tmental Planting. Amongst them we have large quantities of Picea nobilis, P. Nordmanniana, P. balsamea ; Pinus Cembra, P. Strobus, P. Laricio ; Cryptomeria elegans.japonica. and Lobbii : Yews, Common and Irish, Golden in several varieties : Relinosporas, many kinds ; Cupressus Lawsoniana and many beautiful varieties, including lutea and Smith's argentea : Libocedrus decurrens ; fine Wellingtonias; Cedrus Deodara, &c. Also many fine specimens not mentioned in the CATALOGUE. Also large quantities of Flowering Shrubs, Ribes, Lilacs, Weigelias, &c. Prices and sizes in CATALOGUE sent free on application to JAMES SMITH, Parley Dale Nurseries. Matlock. Verbenas— Verbenas. JOHN SOLOMON offers White, Scarlet, Purple, and other mixed sorts, good, strong, autumn-stnuck Plants, with plenty of good Cuttings, from store pots, at ij. per store pot. Package free. Cash to accompany all orders. Queen's Road Nursery, Markhouse Common. Walthamstow, E. Latf of Islington Nursery, Park Street, Jshngton, N. 294 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March S, 1879. EHODODENDRONS— PonticLims, hybrids No. I and No. 2, Catawbiense and its hybrids. The best named kinds, and thousands of dwarf kinds. Forty Acres are covered with Rhododendrons, and the plants are suitable for any Garden, and cheap enough to plant for Covert, and are mostly grown on land 1000 feet above the sea. For 5000 or 10,000 of one kind special offers will be made. CATALOGUE free per post. JAMES SMITH, Parley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. Special Offer. WBALL AND CO., Bedford Road Nursery, • Northampton, having a very large stock of the under- mentioned TREES, &c., in fine condition for removal, have much pleasure in offering them at the followmg low prices :— ASH, 3 to iVi feet, fine, i8j. per 1000. BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, i to ij4 foot, very fine, z-zs. per 1000. 1 i_ J ELMS, Canadian, 8 to 10 feet stems, with good heads, loos. per 100. ^ . , ,i_ J „ English (upright), 6 to 7 feet stems, fine, with goodheads, gar. per 100. HORNBEAM, 2 to 3 feet, fine, 20f. per 1000. LIMES, 8 to 9 feet, very fine, 50J. per 100; 9 to 11 feet, ditto, •JOS. per 100. PRIVET, common, a feet, bushy, loj. per 1000. „ OVALIFOLIUM, 3 to 4 feet, very fine, 50J. per 1000. WALNUTS. 6 to 7 feet stems, nice heads, 6as. per 100. CHERRIES, Morello, dwarf-trained, splendid stuff, 185. p. doz. APRICOTS, Moorpark, dwarf-trained, splendid stuff, 205. per dozen. , , /. • ■ e ROSES, extra fine standards, large heads, fine varieties, 4 feet stems, no better in the trade, our selection, 705^. p. 100. APPLES, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, 6o5. per 100. . , . PEARS, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, 70J. per 100. General CATALOGUE of Seed and Herbaceous Plants post- free on application. New CataJoffue for 1879. WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, The Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham, Cheshire, will have great pleasure in sending their Descriptive LIST on application. Their stock of Florist Flowers, Bedding and Soft- wooded Plants generally, is surpassed by very few, if any, either in extent or quality, all the newest and best varieties being constantly added to the various classes, and the greatest care is taken to keep the varieties true to name. Another great advantage to purchasers is that none of the plants offered are taken from a warm pro- pagating house and sent off immediately, but are all carefully hardened, and most of them potted off singly, and thereby fitted for transit by rail or post without the slightest injury. A great proportion of the undermentioned are autunin-struck planu, and can be had in pots if required, and all in variety of sorts and colours. All good for exhibition or home decoration. Our selection. Per doz. — s. d. Ivies, Irish .. . . 30 Kleinia repens, per 100, 205. . . , . ..30 Lmtanas. . .. .,26 Lilium auralum, strong, each, \s. and i^. td. Lobelias, small, per 100, 4^. 10 Lobelias, in pots .. 26 Mesembryanthemum va- riegatum, per 100, loj, 2 o Mimulus, in variety .. 30 Myosotis, ts. per 100 .. i 6 Pxonies, splendid white, blush crimson, and other shades, 6j. to . . 9 o Pansies, show, 25r. per 100 Pansies, bedding (about 2o,chd3 to select from), I2S. per 100 .. Penlstemon, 25J. per 103 Phloxes, 25^. per 100 .. Pelargoniums, show, fancy, and French, 6 J. to Potentillas, double Polyanthus, seedlings, 55-. per I03 Polyanthus, named sorts : see Catalogue Primroses, double, 45. to „ Old Double Velvet, each, \s. td. ,, single, assorted colours , . Primroses, other sorts, great variety : see Catalogue Pyrethrums Roses, H.P,, fine plants from ground, per loo, 45^ 6 Roses, Tea, &c. .. 12 Roses, climbing or mosses .. .. .. 4 Rhododendrons, fine varieties, with buds, 30^. to . . . . ■ ■ 35 Rock plants, 15 j. per 100, 2J. to . . • • 4 Salvias .. .. •• .? Saxifrages . . • • 3 Sedums .. .. ••3 ,, acre aurea, ele- gans, and glaucum, %s. per 100 .. . . I Stove plants, g^. to ..18 Snccidents, 45. to .. 6 Tropseolums . . • • 3 Violas, immense stock of best sorts, 8y. to i2j. per loo . . .. .. I Verbenas, stock plants in pots.. Verbenas, young, not in pots .. .. •. I Violets, sweet .. . . 3 Vines, all the leading kinds for planting and fruiting, 30^. to . . 60 Apples, Pears, Plums, and Cherries, pyra- mid, 6j. to . . . . iS ,, dwarf-trained, iSj. to 30 Our selection. Per doz. —J. d. Abutilons, in variety ..36 Achimenes . . . . 2 € Ageratums, small plants, per 100, 5^. . • . . I c Ageratums, in pots, per 100, isf. .. .. 2 f Antirrhinums .. .. 3 ^ Azalea indica, 95. . . 60 c Begonias, tuberous, from 45. to 18 c See Catalogue : our col- lection is very fine. Begonias, other kinds . . 3 c Bouvardias, ^s. and . . 6 c Caladiums, i2i. and ..18 c Calceolarias, Golden Gem, not in pots, per 100, 5^. - . .. I ( Carnation and Picotee plants . . ..7c ,, pairs .. .. 12 ( Chrysanthemums, per 100, iSi. , in great va- riety 3 • Clematis 8 » Carpet Bedding Plants : see Catalogue Coleus 3 < Cyclamens, 4^- and . . 6 ' Dactylis elegantissima, per 100, 6j. . . • • I ' Dahlias, per 100, 20J. . . 3 ' Delphiniums, 6j^. to ..91 Epiphyllums, QJ. to ,. 12 1 Echeveria secunda glauca, \s. bd. to . . 2 ■ Ferns, stove and green- house, 6^. to . . . . 18 I Fuchsias, per 100, iZs. . . 3 Gardenia florida, 6s., gs., to .. . -. .. 18 Geranium, tricolor .. 3 ,, bicolor .. ..3 ,, silver-edged . . 3 ., double, 20s. per 100 3 Geranium, zonals, for bedding, isa. per 100 3 Geraniums for pot cul- ture, 35. to . . . . 6 Gladiolus Brenchleyen- sis, 6s. per 100 .. 1 Gladiolus, seedlings, a fine muxture .. ■ • 3 Gloxinias, 6s., gs. .. 12 Greenhouse Plants, gs. 3 6 3 6 6 o Hardy climbing plants in great variety, 6s. to Hollyhock, seedlings .. Helianthemums. . Herbaceous plants, 20^. per 100 . . Heliotropes, in variety Hepaticas Hydrangeas _ .. Iresine Lindeni, 10s. per 100 •Strawberry runners ; oiir collection con- tains 65 varieties, ■2S. 6d. per 100. ■Pinks. 25J. per too Iris, German Ivies, iu variety 3 To the Trade. CEANUTHUS DENTATUS. TAS. CARAWAY and CO. offer Strong f_/ Plants of the above, in pots, 65. per dozen, 401. per 100. JAS. GARAWAV AND CO., Durdham Down, Chfion, Biiatol. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. Giant Early Marrow. THE EARLIEST IN CULTIVATION. " It is a splendid Cabbage. Mrs. Williams cut some last season only eight weeks planted out, weighing 7 lb. each."— Mrs. Williams, Kilmaganny, Ireland. THE BEST FLAVOURED CABBAGE. " I am greatly pleased with your Defiance Cabcage, which is in all respects the best flavoured, mildest, and finest I have ever seen." —Rev. H. N. Ormsby, Carrig Vicarage, Jan. 13, 1879. THE BEST EXHIBITION VARIETY. *' I have taken two First Prizes this year with your Defiance Cabbage. I have not seen a Cabbage in this neighbourhood to equal them."— Mr. Tappenden, Lee, August 8, 187?. THE MOST PROFITABLE KIND TO GROW. "I had a packet of Daniels' Defi- ance Cabbage seed of you last season, and have had some noble Cabbages. Some of them I sold in the market at 5*/. and 6i/. each, such as have not been seen in our market," — T. S. Wood, Shrewsbury. Is the finest and best Cabbage in the world for all purposes, beating every other variety for earliness, quality, flavour and size. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS^ DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS' DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. Price in our own Sealed Packets, is. 6d. each, 51. per oz. DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS, NORWICH. ITflFTY ACRES of FRUIT TREES.— - Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries, Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, and other Fruit Trees, as Standards, Dwarfs, Pyramids. Bushes, Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety, all full of vigour and warranted true to name. Descriptive Price List, containing a sketch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil. Drainage, Manure, Pruning, Lifting. Cropping. Treatment under Glass ; also their Synonyms, Quality, Size." Form, Skin, Colour, Flesh, Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season, Price, &c., for a penny stamp. TWELVE ACRES of ROSES.— Standard, Dwarf, and Climbing, all the popular sorts ; also 80.000 choice Tea Scented and Noisette Roses in pots; extra strong Roses in pots for immediate forcing. See Descriptive Price List, free for a penny stamp. /■^RAPE VINES and ORCHARD HOUSE vJT TREES in POTS. —Grape Vines, extra strong, and warranted free from phylloxera, oidium, and all disease ; Planting Canes. 3.?. 6d. to 5s. each; extra strong Fruiting Canes, 7.1. 6d. to 10s. 6d. each. Orchard-house Trees, fruiting in pots, con- sisting of Peaches. Nectarines, Apricots, Plums, Cherries, Pears, Apples, and Figs. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. WORCESTER PEARMAIN APPLE (awarded a First-class Certificate by the R0y.1l Horti- cultural Society). — One of the handsomest and most useful Apples in cultivation. For full description see "Extract from 'Ccit. Journal of HorticidhirCy' and Richard Smith & Co.'s Fruit List, which may be had for a penny stamp. Coloured Plates, 6d. each. Maiden Trees. 15^. 6d. each ; Bushes, 3s. each; Standards, Pyramid and Dwarf-trained Trees, 3.1. td. and 5^. each. HARDY HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS, their scientific and English names, height, colour, time of flowering, and other useful information. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. Collection of 100 beautiful hardy varieties for Garden Beds, Borders, or Rock- eries, for 301. LIST of all the EVERGREEN FIR TRIBE, suitable for Britain, giving size, price, popular^ and botanical names, derivations, description, form, colour, foliage, growth, timber, use in arts, native country, and size there, situation, soil, and other information, with copious index of their synonyms. Free by post for six stamps. LIST of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising the best selections of Camellias, Azaleas. Ericas. Epacris, Ferns, &c.. free for a penny stamp. LIST of EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS. RHODODENDRONS. STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES. CLIMBING .and TWINING PLANTS, with their generic, specific, and English names, native country, height, time of flowering, colour, &c., and general remarks, free for a penny stamp. LL kinds of GARDEN SEEDS, of first quality, ]!ULBS. iVIU.SHROOM SPAWN, TOBACCO PAPER, ARCHANGEL MATS, and other GARDEN REQl" IS] [ 1-;S. Sec Lists, which may be had on api^licaticn ^PE'H/^RD Smith &c? ^ Wa R C ES'TE R^ A EWING AND CO., having a Surplus Stock of the following, are ofTering them at considerably reduced prices, which can be had on application : — Manetli Stocks, Pyramid Pears on Quince, Dwarf-trained Apricots, Maiden Apricots. Nut and Filbert bushes. White Mulberries, large Horse Chestnuts, Limes, Poplars, Willows, and Elms ; also the following Deciduous Flowering Shrubsand Climbers : — Cytissus nigricans, Deutzias scabra, Fortunei, candidissima, &c ; Forsythias_ suspensa and vhidissima ; Loniceras tatarica and tatarica alba ; Lilac, common ; Symphoricarpus vulgaris and montanus, Potentilla fruticosa, yellow-berried Privet, Red Dogwood, Spiraeas callosa, Doug- fasii, prunifolia flore-pleno, Reevesii and salicifolia ; Philadel- phus mexicanus and Gordonianus, Tamarix gallica and narbonensis, Althaea frutex, Rhus cotinus, Kerria japonica variegata, Virginian Creepers, Lonlcera aurea reticulata. &c. The Royal Norfolk Nurseries. Eaton, near Norwich. H O I CE FLOWER SEEDS. C STOCK. East Lothian, very select strains. „ Crimson, superb. For opinions of eminent Horticulturists, see Advertisement in Gardeners' Chronkie of Jan. 18. „ Purple. Scarlet, White, and White Wallflower-leaved, per packet, 6(/., is., and 2^. 6d. ASTER. Betteridge's superb Quilled Globe (seed direct from Mr. Betteridge). ,, 24 varieties, separate, including latest novelties, 2s. 6a. ,, 12 ditto ditto, \s. 6d. ,, mixture of 24 splendid varieties: per packet yi., 6rf,, and ix, MARIGOLD, superb Gold-striped French, saved from per- fectly double, beautifully striped flowers, ex. ex.; per packet. 6d. and is. COCKSCOMB, Sime's superb strain, First Prize at Carlisle International Show, and wherever exhibited. Was shown at Edinburgh with comb over 40 inches long. Per packet, 15. and 7S. Set. ^ PANSY. Show, from a superb collection of named Exhibltioa varieties : per packet, is. and 2s. 6d. ,, Fancy, from a tirst-rate collection of named flowers : per packet, IS. and us. 6d. Above free by post. TODD AND CO., Seedsmen and Florists, Maitland Street, Edinburgh. UEEN of LILIES, LILIUM AURATUM. — Imported Bulbs are now arriving, and orders arc solicited. This lovely Lily is quite hardy, and should be gene- rally gro^vn. Before ordering send for Lily List, where all parti- culars are given. Reduced Prices :— Size No. i, id. : No. 2, gd. : No. 3, i». ; No. 4, js. (yd. each. Special quotations to the Trade. ORCHIDS.— Special ofTer of the following fine Orchids, for £k, $s. (or other varieties in exchange for those not required) :— i plant Phalsenopsis Schilleriana, 2 plants Dendro- bium formosum giganteum, i plant Phalajnopsis grandiflora aurea, 4 plants Dendrobium cretaceum, i plant Saccolabium guttatum, I plant Dendrobium barhatulura, 3 plants Calanthe rubra and luteo oculata, i plant Dendrobium Pienurdi, i pot Limatodes rosea. , t -i j All orders to be accompanied by a remittance. Lay ami Orchid LIST sent on application to , _ „ WILLIAM GORDON, 10, Cullum Street, London, E.C, Lily Bulb and Plant Importer. ^_ Surplus Stock, to Clear Ground. MESSRS. CRANSTON and CO. are offer- ing at very reduced prices the following welt grown Nursery Stock : — LAUREL, fine bushy plants, 2 to sj-^ feet, 121. 6d. per 100; 2% to 3 feet, i6j. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 205. per 100. YEW, bushy, 2 to 2% feet, 205. per 100 ; 2J2 to 3 leet, 30J. per TOO : 3 to 4 feet, 50i. per 100. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, yi to i foot, ijr. pet 100; I to ili foot, 20J. per 100: bushy, i}i to a fcrt, \ 2=;r. per 100. BOX, Tree, i to i?4 foot, 10s. 'fid. per 100; t% to 2 feet, 151. per 100 : 2 to 2^ feet, 20^. per 130. THUJ.A. WAREANA, 2 to 3 feet, 25.'. per 100 ; 3 to 4 i«eli 305. per ICO. „ LOBBI. 3 to 4 feet, 6j. per dozen : 4 to 5 f=«. 9»- P" dozen ; very fine, 5 to 6 feet, 12s. per dozen. PINUS EXCELSA, ij< to 2 feet, 61. per dozen ; 2 to 3 feet, qs. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, I2,s. per dozen. „ AUSTRIACA, 3 to 4 feet, 6s. per dozen ; 4 to 5 feel, «'. per dozen ; 5 to 6 feet, 12s. per dozen. ABIES DOUGLASII, 3 to 4 feet. i!s. per dozen: 4 to S feet, iSi. per dozen : splendid plants, s to 6 feet, J»». per dozen. CEDRUS ATLANTICA, 2 to 3 feet, gs. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, \2S. per dozen. CEDRUS DEOD.\RA, i;< to 2 feet, 121. per dozen ; 2 to 3 feet, i8r. per dozen. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 2 to 3 feet, i6r. per leo; 3 to 4 feet, 25^. per 100. HEMLOCK SPRUCE, 2% to 3 feet, 6s. per dozen; 3 to 4 feet, gj, per dozen. PICEA LASIOCARPA, i to iK foot, 24s. per dozen; fine, I ^ to 2 feet, yas. per dozen. „ NORDMANNIANA, i'/2 to 2 feet, isi. per dozen ; a to 2% feet. 18s. per dozen ; 2% to 3 feet, 24J. per dozen 3 to 3'^ feet, 30J. per dozen. RETINOSPORAPISIFERA, 2 to 3 feet, lai. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, i8j. per dozen. THUJOPSIS BORE.\LIS, 2 to 3 feet, iSi. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, 24J, per dozen. . WELLlNGTOiMIAGIGANTEA, transplanted last spring, l» to 2 feet. zZs. per dozen ; 2 to 2% feet, 24X. per dozen : 2^ to 3 feet, 301. per doz'n. ACER NEGUNDO'VARIEGATA, standard, 91. per dozen. SCARLET CHESTNUT, standard, 121. ta iSs. per dozen. PEARS and CHERRIES, standard and dwarf-trained, very fine, iSs. to 245. per dozen. PEARS, Pyramid, bearing trees, gi. to i8j per dozen. . PEACHES, NECTARINES, and APRICOTS, dwarf-lnuied. PE.'^RS. Maiden. 30 to 40 leading varieties. 401. per 100. MANETn STOCKS, 50.000, from our own .selected stock. MARfiCHAL NIEL ROSES, standard and dwarl, exra fine ground plants, ROSES, dwarf Tea-scented, strong established plants, w ."j-inch pots. , „ „« LIST of ROSES, including the new Roses for 1879, on application. ,, ,. j CRANSTON'S Nurseries. King s Acre, Hereford. SURPLUS STOCK. COLCHIC LAUREL, :; to 4 feet, strong and bushy. SYCAMORE. iM to 3 feet. riNUS AUSTRIACA, i to I'A foot. LARCH. 15 to 24 inches. SPRUCE FIR, 12 to IS inches. Samples and Prices on application. .4. W. BARNES, Nurseryman and Seed Merchant, Hign Street, Skipton, Yorkshire. , _ March 8, 1879.] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 295 pANNELL'S MARROW BRUSSELS V^ SPROUTS have again this season overtopped all others, and are the pride of the market. Their sue, tender and marrow-like flavour, with their saleable appearance, carries favour wherever grown, and must eventually cause this variety to he generally grown ; and by possessing the above more pounds' worth can be realised per acre than any other kind. IS. dd. per % lb., 2s. dd. per pound. H. ORMSBY, Swanley, Kent. AMUEL AND JAMES SMITH, Tansley Nurseries, Matlock, Derby, beg to offer, viz. : — Per 1000. ASH, Mountain, 2 to 3 feet, 16^.: 3 to 4 feet, 21s.; 4 to 5 feet, 27J. ; 6 to 8 feet, yoi. ; 8 to 10 feet, loos. BEECH. 2 to 3 feet, 25^.; 3 to 4 feet, 28^.; 4 to 5 feet, 35s. CHESTNUT, Spanish, i to 1% foot, i6j.; 1% to 2 feet, 25^. .. Horse, 4 to 5 feet, 35^.; 6 to 8 fett, loos. FIR, Spruce, 9 to 12 inches, loJ.; i to i^ foot, 14^.; 2-yr., is. BALM of GILEAD, i to ly. foot, 20s.: iH to 2 feet, 25s.; 2 to 3 feet, 40r- PINUS MARITIMA, 9 to 12 inches, lOJ.; 2.yr., 2J. 6d. LIMES, 3 to 4 feet. 60s.: 4 to 5 feet. Soy. POPLAK, Italian, 3 to 4 feet, 25J. ; 2-yr., 8r. ,, Ontario, 2 to 3 feet, 2&j.; 4 to 6 feet, 5or.; 2-yr. Sj. ,, Silver. 3 to 4 feet, 40J. SNOWBERRY, ij< to 2 feet, lis.; 2-yr., js.; 3-yr., las. PRIVET. 2 yr, 7i ; i to i\i foot, 151.: ij^ to 2 feet, lis. SYCAMORE, lY, to 2 feet, 13s.; S to ro feet, 2oji. WILLOW, Bitter, z to 3 feet, 20J.; 2-yr., 8j. ,, Huntingdon, 3 to 4 feet, 25^.; 2-yr,, 8s. BkOOM and GORSE, i-yr., 2s.; 2-yr., 31 ; 3yr., 5s. DOGWOOD, Red, 2 to 3 feet, Coj. ; 3 to 4 feel, 70s. FLOWERING SHRUBS, good variety, 20s. to 40s. LAUREL, Portugal, i to I'i foot, 50s.; i^i to 2 feet, 70s. IVIES, in sorts, 20s. COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA, 20s. PERNETTVA, 2-yr, 12s. JUNIPER. Transplanted, ■iSS. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, i to iH foot, 140s.; 3 to 6 inches, transplanted, 20s.: 2-yr., 4s.; 3-yr., 6s. Y'EWS, 6 to 9 inches, 50s.: 9 to 15 inches, 70s. ARBOR-VIT,E, 4 io 6 feet, Sos. BERBERIS DARWINII and DULCIS, 70s. BOX. Tree, lU to 2 feet, loos : 2 to 3 feet, 120s. RHODODENDRON FERRUGINEUM, loos.; and HIR- SUTUM, Sos. WHIN, Double, transplanted, loos, : 2 yr. , 50s. Per 100. CEDRUS DEODARA, I'i to 2 feet, 80s.: 2 to 3 feet, 120s. CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS, i to iJ4 foot, 15s.; 1% to 2 feet. 25s.: 2 to 3 feet, 35s. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 2 to 3 feet, 20s.; 3 to 4 feet. 25s.: 4 to 5 feet, 50s. MEZEREON, Red, i to i!~' foot, 12s. LAUREL, Caucasian, 1J2 to 2 feet, 20s. OAK, Fulham, 6 to 8 feel, 23s. ., Scarlet. 6 to 8 feet, 40s. PINUS CEMBRA, 4 to 6 feet, 40s. THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, i to iK foot, 40s.; I'A to 2 feet, 50S, : 2 to 3 feet, 65s.: 3 to 4 feet, loos. HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS, too distinct varieties, 23s. NARCISSUS and SCILLAS. in sons, 8s. per bushel, &c. Tn til fl Tth d. p MYATT'S ASHLEAF KIDNEY POTATO — For Sale, a fine even sample of these, quite free from frost or disease. Price, per ton, on application to W. TAIT AND CO., Seedsmen. Dublin. r>ICHARD LOCKE, Red Hill, Surrey, V offers the following for cash only :— 50,000 Dwarf ROSES, finest in the Trade, 30J. per loo^ ;^i2 10s. per 1000 300,000 MANETTI STOCKS, 301. per 1000, ^12 los. per 10,000. 50,000 SEAKALE, strong, 40J. per 1000; Planting Seakale, 255. per 1000. 100,000 ASPARAGUS, i-yr., 5^. per 1000; a-yr., iis. per 1000 ; 3-yr., 2c,y. per 1000. 100,000 I-yr. cultivated Seedling BRIERS, extra fine stuff, 20s. per 1000. ^^___ SUTTONS SUTTON & SONS, THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, READING COLLECTIOIfS OF SELECT FLOWER SEEDS. %^SM, J '5V-. .;":Sr AMES Veitch & Sons, ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. Desire to direct attention to the following Collections in the Original Papers as imported from the most celebrated Continental Cultivators. STRONGLY RECOMMENDED AS BEING OF THE VERY BEST QUALITY, ASTERS— Truffaut's Perfection Paeony- flowered, 12 dis- tinct colours .. ]J''"*f'*"^[s Improved Paeony Perfection, 12 ditto .. „ Truffaut's Globe Paiony-fiowered, 12 ditto .. ,, Victoria, 12 ditto „ Rose-flowered, lo ditto M Tall Chrysanthemum-flowered, 12 ditto „ Dwarf Chrysanthemum-flowered, 12 ditto .. „ Dwarf German, 12 ditto „ Dwarf Bouquet (Boltze). 8 ditto „ JPompon imbricated. 12 ditto „. Reid's Quilled, 12 ditto ,, Crown or Cocardeau, 6 ditto „■ German Emperor, 8 ditto .. STOCKS— Dwarf German Ten-week, 12 ditto .. .. ,, Large-flowering German Ten-week, 12 ditto „ Pyramidal Large-flowering Ten-week, 12 ditto „ Earliest-flo« ering Autumn, 6 ditto . . „ Emperor Large-flowering, S ditto ,,' Brompton, 12 ditto ,, Cocardeau, or Giant Cape, 6 ditto ANTIRRHINUMS-Assortraents of 12 finest varieties, separate BALSAMS— Veitch's Superb strain, 8 distinct colours, separate ,, Smith's Camellia-flowered, 8 ditto, ditto „ Camellia-flowered or Blotched, 8 ditto, ditto „ Rose-flowered, 8 ditto, ditto CYCLAMEN PERSICUM— Assortment of 6 colours, separate DOUBLE HELICHRYSUMS-Assortment of 10 splendid varieties, separate LARKSPURS-Double dwarf Rocket Hyacinth-flowered, 10 distinct varieties .. », Double dwarf Ranunculus-flowered, 6 ditto. . „ Double lali Stock-flowered,, 8 ditto ,, Double Candelabra-flowered, 6 ditto BVERLASTINGS— Assortment of 12 varieties, sepa- rate . . . . . . . . , , f. Assortment of 25 best ditto, separate . . *. Illusiraicd Descriptive s.d. 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 7 6 HOLLYHOCKS— Saved from a choice Collection of finest sorts, in 12 varieties, separate CARNATIONS— Self or One-coloured, in 12 varieties .. „ Flake, 12 ditto ,, Bizarre, 12 ditto .. „ Fancy, 12 ditto .. „ Yellow Flake, 12 ditto „ Yellow Bizarre and Self, 12 ditto „ Yellow Fancy, 12 ditto .. _ ,, Perpetual or Tree, self. 12 ditto ,, Perpetual Flake, 12 ditto „ Perpetual Bizarre, 12 ditto ,, Perpetual Fancy, 12 ditto .. ,, Picotees, white ground, 12 ditto ,, Picotees, yeilow ground, 12 ditto ,, Picotees, Perpetual or Tree, 12 ditto ORNAMENTAL GRASSES- Collection of 50 finest varieties Collection of 25 finest varieties Collection of 12 finest varieties PETUNIAS- Assortment of 12 finest large-flowering; varieties Assortment of 12 finest double-flowering varieties PHLOX DRUMMONDI- Assoitment of 12 brightest and most distinct colours, separate * .. PORTULACAS— Double-flowered, assortment of 8 varieties Single-flowered, assortment of 8 varieties SALPIGLOSSIS- Assortnient of 10 finest large-flowered varieties.. SCABIOUS - Large -flowered, in 8 distinct colours, separate . . New du aVf, In 6 distinct colours, separate WALLFLOWER- ... German, finest double, in zz splendid varieties . . ZINNIA ELEGANS - Doulde-riowered, 8 distioct colours, separate ,. Single-flowered, 6 distinct colours, separate 5. d. 5 o 3 6 4 o 2 o I 6 Catalogue post-free on application. GEO. JACKMAN & SON {E.ST.\liLIiUED j3lO,) Cultivators of FRUIT and FOREST TREES, Evergieen and Flowering TREES and SHRUBS, ROSES, RHODODENDRONS, Conifers and Hardy Climbers. THE CLEMATIS A SPECIALITV. Descriptive Priced Calalonies free. WOKING NUBSEBY, SUBBEI. AMERICAN VEGETABLES. Having been the original introducer of m.iny New and Choice Vegetables to my Countrymen in the United States, I hereby offer the following very choice selection, embracing the best of their kind grown in the United Slates, to the FABMERS AND GABDENEBS OF GBEAT BBITAIN. The \'aricties of Squashes and Corn are from our HARDIEST VARIETIES of these favourite American Vegetables, and as far as tried have been ripened in England. Full Instructions in Growing and Preparing for the Table WILL BE SENT WITH THEM. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S 'ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. The varieties of Cabbage have been from the very best stock ^rown for years, wholly from centre-shoot seed, and are of such superior strain that under good cultivation about every plant on an acre will make a handsome head. CAMBRIDGE MARROW SQUASH, the earliest of the American running varieties. SUG.\R PUMPKIN, the best variety, from which is made the famous Pumpkin-pie of Yankeeland. PRATT'S EARLY SWEET CORN, with one exception, the earliest of all our sweet varieties. CROSBY'S SWEET CORN, a little later than Pratt's, but quite as sweet. EARLY FEGEE BEAN, the hardiest bush variety. CANADA VICTOR TOMATO, the hardiest of our varieties, very early, solid, of excellent flavour. LITTLE GEM POTATO, the earliest of our forty varieties, small, bears in large clusters. EARLY CR.ACKER ONION, a flat, early yellow, of e.>tcellent quality. RED GLOBE ONION, round, early, hardy. DANVERS CARROT, the best of all the half-long sorts. BOSTON MARKET CELERY', solid, dwarf, bushy, cannot be surpassed. BASTIAN'S EARLY TURNIP BEET, the best early variety. JERSEY WAKEFIELD CABBAGE, our popular early conical market Cabbage. HENDERSON'S EARLY CABBAGE, a new variety ; the earliest of the half Drumhead class. FOTTLER'S EARLY DRUMHEAD, the best of all our early Drumheads ; remarkably reliable for he.iding. MARBLEHEAD MAMMOTH DRUMHEAD, the largest Cabbage in the world; the heads have been grown to weigh so lb. IMPROVED AMERICAN SAVOY CABBAGE, stump short head, well wrinkled : very reliable for heading. NANTUCKET WHITE RUTA B.A.GA, shorter necked and finer than the European sort. AMERICAN SQUASH PEPPER, the plants ate more dwarf, and the fruit ripens earlier. BOSTON CURLED LETTUCE, the most elegant Lettuce grown. EARLY HANCOCK PEA, in yield, earliness, and purity the best of our hardy Pea class. BROWN'S EARLY MARROWFAT PEA, of American origin ; the earliest and most dwarf of all varieties of marrowfat. TAILBY'S HYBRID CUCUMBER, a cross between White Spine and Rollisson's Telegraph ; smooth, handsome, hardy, and exceedingly prolific. May mature in the open air in England. CASSABA MELON, a splendid variety of the Persian ; has been grown in the United States to weigh 15 lb. Price per package of either of the above. Is.; the twenty-three varieties, £1. Remit by Money Order. Orders will be filled immediately on receipt, and seed niav be expected within one month of the .sending of the order. ' For reliability, I take the liberty to refer to Hon. George B. Loring, Member of Congress, Washington, DC. JAMES MARBLEHEAD, J. H. GK'EGOBY, M.-\.SSACHUSETTS, U.S.A. 296 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 8, 1879, Louis Van Houtte, ROYAL NURSERY, BEGS TO OFFER THE FOLLOWING GHENT, BELGIUM, TO AMATEURS AND NURSERYMEN. AZALEA INDICA, nice healthy plants with buds, selected, of the best varieties, from ;^S to £fi per lOQ. CAMELLIAS with buds, in beautiful and distinct varieties, fine and robust plants, £fi Zs. per 100. A good number of C. alba plena (double white), can be given in the hundred. GLADIOLUS GANDAVENSIS, all the finest varieties of our rich and splendid collection, ^3 per 100 in 25 varieties. HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS, a very large and fine collection, ^i per 100, in distinct varieties ; ^2 per loo, in distinct and rare varieties. HYACINTHUS CANDICANS, a first-class bulbous-rooted plant, bearing 20 to 25 pendulous snow-white flowers on a spike 4 feet high, very suitable for the get-up of bouquets, &c., ^3 per 100. IRIS GERMANICA, one of the finest collections in Europe, £,1 12s. per 100 varieties,' consisting of very diversified and beautiful colours. IRIS EAEMPFERI, of a very striking and distinguished effect ; flowers exceptionally large and beautiful, well-formed and brightly coloured. £2 per 100 in 25 varieties. LILIUM. Ours is without doubt one of the richest and most complete collections existing. ^i to ;{^2 per 25 beautiful and distinct varieties. HARDY RHODODENDRONS. A collection composed of the best varieties only, strong and bushy plants, with buds, 2s. 6d. each. ROSES, HYBRID PERPETUAL and BOURBON, Very strong and healthy stuff, consisting of the best and richest varieties, very distinct and beautiful. Standards, from 50 to 100 vars., ^3 5.f. per 100 ; Half-standard, from 50 to 100 varieties, £2 10s. per 100. HENRY ORMSON, HORTICULTURAL BUILDER AND HOT-WATER APPARATUS ENGINEER, STANLEY BRIDGE, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. " THE BEST BUILT HOTHOUSES AND CONSEBVATOEIES. Surveys made and Gentlemen waited on in any part of tlie Country. Catalogues, Plans, and Estimates supplied gratis on application. UNSURPASSED BOILERS AND HEATING APPARATUS. T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.G., CONSERVATORY AND GREENHOUSE BUILDERS. AND HOT-WATEK ENGINEEES. March S, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 297 EXCELLENCE COMBINED WITH ECONOMY. WEBBS' =1 PRODUCE A CONSTANT THE BEST VEGETABLES t ALL THE YEAR RO.UND 5 PER CENT DISCOUNT FOR CASH -SEED-SJF. go;. value: carriage FREEv ^flSirSTRATXD CATALOGUES POST FREE' .„ •^ . •'i>i WE SUPPPLY OTHER COLLECTIONS at 5s., 79. 6d., 15s., 63s. and 105s. each. SUPERB FLOWER SEEDS, Per Packet -j. d. s. WEBBS' New Petunia . . 1 6 and S d. 6 WEBBS' Superb Calceolaria 1 6 ,, 2 6 WEBBS' Choice Primula .. 1 6 ,, 2 6 WEBBS' Superb Cineraria .. 1 6 ,, 2 6 WEBBS' Selected Cyclamen 1 6 ,, 2 6 WEBBS' Miniature Aster .. 1 0 ,, 2 0 WEBBS' Choice Auricula .. 1 0 ,, 2 6 WEBBS' Show Pansy . . .. 1 6 ,, 2 6 WEBBS' Brilliant Verbena.. 1 0 „ 2 0 \VEBBS' POPULAR COLLECTIONS FLOWER SEEDS. specially selected for producing a brilliant and Continuous Display during Summer and Autumn. No. I, 5s. No. 2. lOs. 6d, No. 3. 15s, No. 4. 21s. No. 5. 31s, 6d. No. 6. 42s. other Collections at Ss. 6d., ^s. 6d., and 63si each. All Flower Sieds Fr^e by Post oy Rail. All Goods oi- los. value Carriage-free. Five per Cent. Discount for CasM. THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. THE BEST POTATO, SUTTON'S lAGITJI BOITJM. gOrlglnally Introduced by SUTTON & SONS In 1876, previous to which time there was no Potato known by that name- WONDERFULLY PRODUCTIVE, A GOOD COOKING VARIETY, AND RESISTS DISEASE. EXTRAORDINARy CROPS. 210 SACKS PER ACRE! "Clarendon Villa. "The Magnum Bonum Potaios you sup- plied me with this year produced a most ex- traordinary crop, amounting to an average rate of 2IO sacks per acre, of 240 lb. per sack, and there was not a single diseased one among'^t them. " Yours faithfully, "ROBT. PHILLOTT." Froiu ike " Gardcnefs Chronich" September 14. 1878. "Extraordinary Crop of Potatos.— Mr. Thomas Draycott, gardener to T. T. Paget, Esq , of Humberstone Hall, has this year grown some of Sutton's Magnum Bonum Potatos. From 100 roots the Prodirce we sited 6 cwt. 2 qr. z ib.; one root weighed i3j< lb., and had forty-eight Potatos to it, and these, when put in a straight line, measuied 15 feet. T/te ivho!c of the crop %vne next the wall is pannelled with the most approved bedding plants. The view from above is very striking and effective. The border to the south of the walk is a mixed border, filled with half-hardy plants of a good size, with Roses intermixed. From this border flowers are freely cut for the house when required. As a rule all sorts of hardy fruits do well here ; and vegetables and bush fruits are produced in abundance. The walk on the north side of the garden leads from the upper terrace, and curves gently round to the right through a fine thriving plantation, until the outskirts are reached. Here the walk divides ; one branch turns sharply to the left and enters the top of an avenue of grand old trees, through which it runs in a straight line till the approach is reached that jiasses east and west. From this drive the road to the mansion breaks off right and left, and passes the front door, forming nearly a half circle. The houses, which are situated outside the garden, consist of the following : — No. I is a half-span Pine pit, 40 feet by S feet ; No. 2, span-roofed pit, 40 feet by 10 feet, used for bedding plants in winter and for growing Pelargoniums, &c., for con- servatory in summer ; No. 3, span-roofed Melon and Cucumber pit, 40 feet by I2 feet : fine crop here ; No. 4, lean-to house, 40 feet by 10 feet, with Figs on back wall and Tomatos trained up the rafters, also young Vines in turf, doing re- markably well, and several very handsome Camellias of Large size. The range of houses on the terrace consists of the following ;— Conservatory, in the centre of the range, composed of two curvilinear span-roofed houses with circular ends, each 30 by 20 feet, connected by a corridor 20 feet by 15 feet, filled with a fine assortment of well-grown jilants, among which the following were conspicuous : — Dicksonia antarctica and squarrosa, Alsophila excelsa, Seaforthia clegans, Phormium tenax Veitchii, very fine plant ; Yucca aloifolia variegata and quadricolor. Camellia Albertiana, 12 feet high and 6 feet in diameter, grand ; and Pleroma elegans, 4 feet by 3 feet, hand- some specimen. Here there is a very fine'collection of Ericas. It is quite refreshing to see these good old plants in such fine condition. The following were very superior : — ampullaoea Barnesii, 2 feet ; aris- tata major, Austiniana, Devoniana, Hartnellii virens, inflata alba, 2 feet ; Jacksoni pallida, Juliana rubra, Lambertiana rosea, Macnabiana rosea, 2 feet ; tricolor Wilsoni, 2 feet ; tricolor coronata, 2 feet ; ventri- cosa Bothwelliana, Victoria, Paxtoni, and Sprengelli, On the east side of the conservatory is the stove, half- span lean-to, 45 feet by 15 feet, with octagonal ends, filled with a choice assortment of small Crotons, Draccenas, Palms, Ferns, &c., for table and house work ; also Musa Cavendishii in fruit, and very nice plants of Aralia Veitchii and elegantissima, Maranta Makoyana, Massangeana, and Veitchii. Next this is a vinery, 40 feet by 12 feet, filled with Black Ham- burgh, Muscat of Alexandria, and Duke of Buccleuch ; grand crop in this house, the last-named being par- ticularly fine. Next is another vinery, 36 feet by II feet, all Black Hamburghs, old Vines, to be renewed. On the west side of the conservatory is a Peach-house, of the same size and shape as the stove, planted with Peaches and Nec- tarines— young trees, very promising. Adjoining this is a vinery, 40 feet by 12 feet, mixed house, grand crop ; and another vinery, 30 feet by II feet, completes the range. This last is also a mixed house, with very fine crop. Golden Queen being extra fine. I cannot conclude these remarks without com- plimenting Mr. Forrest, his lordship's he.-id gardener here, on the judicious management and skill dis- played in every department under his charge. John Downie, IVcst Coatcs, Edinbiiygh. PRESERVING WOOD UNDER- GROUND. In the winter of 1S74-75 I had occasion to renew a few hundreds of Raspberry and other stakes. As Larch thinnings could not be conveniently had at the time I used stakes cut out of home-grown Scotch Fir at the sawmills into 6 feet lengths by 2 inches diameter each w.iy, and pointed. It occurred to me to try a few experiments in the way of preserving the wood, particularly the part underground, which always fails first, usually leaving the part above- ground quite sound. After four years' trial the annexed table shows the result ; — TJ-a No. ° aO^ cr How Treated ill March, 1875. Condition in March, 1879. Put in as received In bad condition, wet and from sasvmills. ; black through : % inch of rotten wood all over out- side of underground part I of slake. Steeped fourteen ^ inch rotten wood outside, days in tank of very much decayed un- lime and water. derground, and wet and discoloured through. Points charred to 6 No decay observable out- inches above side, discoloured and wet ground-line. j through below charring, I and very bad with wet rot. Points charred same Mostly in good condition, as No. 3, then wood natural colour, and coated over with very little damp or wet observable under the charring. In some few cases dry-rot had com- menced. Ijoiling tar and a little pitch added to 6 inches above ground line. From experiment No. 2 it appears that soaking in lime and water is worse than useless for preserving timber underground. This system was tried some years ago on a large scale with the sleepers on one of the northern sections of the Highland Railway, with the same result that those soaked in tanks containing lime and water lasted no longer than those laid down without any preservative application whatever. Charring is often practised as a means of keeping out damp and wet from timber underground, and although there can be no doubt that charcoal is an excellent preservative, yet it appears that the damp and wet gets into the heart of the wood through the cracks caused in the charring, so that the results in this experiment No. 3 turned out the worst of the whole. In No. 4 the coating of boiling tar and pitch seems to have supplied what was wanting, by filling up the cracks in the charred surface, and the result shows, in the per- centage of renewals necessary, that this method will pay well for the labour expended. Whatever plan is tried for the preservation of wood permanently fixed in the ground, it is of the first im- portance that the wood should have sufficient time allowed after being cut to get dry and seasoned. If preservative, or damp repelling substances, are applied to the outside while the inside of the wood is full of sap, decay will set in quite as fast as if no pre- servative had been applied. Creosote oil is said to be an excellent preservative of wood underground, I intend to try some experi- inents with it, and hope at some future time to be able to give you the result. Z>. AL, Dunrobin Castle Gardens. ALOYSIA CITRIODORA. We have been favoured by Mr. Gray, Lord Brown- low's flower gardener at Ashriit, but when the room is wanted may be shifted to a sheltered south border. Where Lobelias of the ditferent varieties used for bedding purposes are de- pendent upon seedling plants, the seed should be sown at once, snd placed in a very gentle heat to germinate, after which they should be removed to a cooler situation, and wlien ready be pricked out under glass ; but seedlings are .apt to vary very much both in colour and habit of growth, and where uniformity in size and colour are indispensable it can only be March 8, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 303 ensured by cuttings from selected plants, which should be propagated at once. The old plants of the tall Lobelias which are very effective in mixed borders should be parted at once, potted in small pots and placed on shelves in heat near the glass. Sow Sweet Peas, Ten-week Stocks, and Mignonette, in pots for early bloom, yohii Cox, JieJIcaf. UAIWY FRUIT GARDEN. The pruning and nailing of Peach and Nectarine trees should now be pushed forward, and in laying out the main branches endeavour to dispose them in such a manner as will conduce to an equable flow of sap to all parts of the tree. The ordinary fan shape is the best and most common form for these trees. It admits of some little variations as to whether the branches be laid in quite straight or with more or less of a curve from end to end, but this is of no conse- quence beyond pleasing the whim or fancy of those concerned. Remove all over-gross as well as weakly shoots that escaped the knife last summer and autumn; there should, however, be but little of this to do now. Be careful to cut back to a wood-bud where cutting must be done, but in the case of Grosse Mignonne, Noblesse, and some others that do not produce wood- buds freely throughout their whole length, it is better to lay the young wood in at full length than to risk the safety of the crop by having a number of shoots without a leading wood-bud. Bear in mind that space will be required for laying in the young growth during the coming summer, and leave sufficient room for that to be carried out withoutovercrowding, which is always an evil, and one of several that contribute largely to the non-success of Peaches and Nectarines on open walls. See that no branch is left in contact with naked nails orwires, as branches so situated, young ones especially, are nearly sure to gum and die. Where wire and ties are used the plan of turning the tying material once round the wire before fastening the branch is a com- mendable one, as it helps to keep the trees from being damaged by pressing too hard upon the wires ; and whether in nailing or tying see that the strength of the fastenings is in proportion to the weight they have to carry, as it is not uncommon, especially where learners are at work, to see a large branch fastened up with a small nail and a shred that will barely go round it, while small branches are occasionally treated to a large nail and a shred big enough to make two suitable for the purpose. Aphides and red-spider are more or less troublesome everywhere, and had better be tackled in time, for though they may not yet be visible, their eggs and other belongingsareundoubtedly lurking about the trees and walls, and are sure to develope with the blossoms and young growth if not previously destroyed, to the great detriment and may be ultimate ruin of both crop and tree. Soapsuds from the laundry is good for this purpose, but cannot always be had \vithout a good deal of trouble ; it, however, can easily be made by dissolving soft-soap and washing-soda, at the rate of a pound of the former to a quarter of a pound of the latter in four gallons of water, sufficient to wash the trees and walls down a time or two with a syringe or garden-engine before the blossoms begin to cxjjand, and this had better be done thoroughly, as it will be the last oppor- tunity of attacking the enemy without hurting the trees for some time to come. Fig trees on the open walls that have been thatched up during the winter should now have that covering removed and a much lighter one substituted for it, preparatory to their being nailed in for the summer. Standard Apple and Pear trees that are healthy but not of approved sorts may now be headed back, so that they can be re- grafted with better varieties in a few weeks hence. It is not well to cut off the whole head of the tree, as is sometimes done, as by that method it will take the tree the longest possible time to develope a new head, and thus arrive once more at a fruit-bearing state. It is better to shorten back the main branches of the tree into a stag's-head sort of shape, placing a graft or two upon the end of each branch. This plan entails a little more labour in the first instance, but that is amply repaid by the earlier redevelopment of the tree. Scions of the sorts to be thus increased should be taken off at once and bedded-in on the north side of a wall or some other shady place where they will not be likely to get withered or dried. Duly attend to any fruit that may still rem.ain in the fruit-room, and note carefully what sorts render the most service and are most esteemed, as this should be the key to any further extensions, excepting such as may be made for the purposes of trial. F, Harrison, Kiiffivslcy. FRUIT HOUSES. Peaches ani5 Nectarines. — Early houses up to the present time having been brought on entirely under the influence of fire-heat it is more than prob.able that red-spider will soon be found in near proximity to the hot-water pipes, and as this is the most troublesome insect we have to contend with in this department, the syringe must be vigorously applied until the enemy is destroyed. Inside borders if allowed to get too dry, cither inwardly or on the surface, produce conditions favourable to its rapid spread, while the check to the trees is often the cause of the young fruit falling off ; as a powerful aid to the syriiige every part should be well mulched with short horse-dung and thoroughly soaked with tepid water, a few degrees above the mean temperature of the house. Proceed with dis- budding, thinning and tying in the young shoots that emanate fro3n the lower parts of the bearing wood, and pinch back where it is thought desirable to form spurs. Ventilate early and gradually as the temperature rises, reduce in the same way and endeavour to redeem lost time by running up to So° with sun-heat and moisture after closing for the day. A night temperature of 55° to 58^ according to the state of the weather, until after the stoning pro- cess is over will be quite safe, as it will admit of giving a little air without getting the pipes too hot. Succession-houses now in bloom should have a free circulation of air, with just sufficient fire-heat to pre- vent sudden depressions. Shake the trellis fre- quentlv, pass the brush over the flowers once a day, and give a little extra attention to the shy-setting kinds by conveying pollen from others that produce it in abundance. Keep the paths, walls and stems well syringed on fine days, and be more sparing of water when the weather is dull and cold. The latest houses, particidarly where the heat- ing power is weak or altogether absent, must be retarded by abundant ventilation, in order to escape danger from spring frosts. Look well after the borders. Keep them nicely mulched and watered. Lack of water at the roots early in the season is the cause of many failures in the culture of Peaches under glass. W. Coleman, Eastnor. Melons. — With the occasional glimpses of sunshine with which we have been favoured lately, the subjects in this department will have made satisfactory progress,^ but neverthelesss we shall have to be " up and doing " to make up for lost time — time lost through the long absence of sunshine— for, as all practical gar- deners are aware, no amount of artificial heat can sufficiently compensate for a deficiency of solar heat. Therefore, we must make the best possible use of the opportunities vouchsafed to us of bright sunny days — when they come— by entrapping that bright orb, the sun, in his western transit, and cooling his brilliant rays with congenial vapour. The plants growing in hot-water pits and dung, and which have been stopped some short time back, will now have made some laterals, three or four of which should be trained over the surface of the bed, and stopped when they have made about 18 or 20 inches of growth, which \yill result in the production of sub-laterals or fruit-bearing shoots, which in their turn should be stopped at one joint beyond the fruit, after which, with the neces- sary stopping and thinning of the shoots, the plants can be allowed to furnish the allotted space. Impreg- nate the blossoms on fine days when the pollen is dry, and maintain, as far as practicable, a rather dry atmosphere while the plants are in this stage of growth, i.e., until they have set their fruit. So soon as the plants in the Melon-house proper have reached the third or fourth wire they should be stopped, .and the shoots resulting therefrom trained horizontally to the wires. Succes5ion.al sowings and plantings must now and for the next couple of months be made in accordance with the requirements of the establish- ment, so that the suiiply may be equal to the demand. Earth-up any young plants that may require it, and plant out or otherwise shift the plants into larger pots before they become pot-bound. //. W. Ward, Loni;ford Caslle. Cucumbers. — Plants in full bearing will now re- quire liber.al and frequent applications of tepid liquid manure. Let the tying, stopping, .and thinning of the shoots be regularly attended to, and all superfluous and misshapen fruits be removed forthwith. Ply the syringe both ways through the plants twice a day on bright days, which will keep red-spider and fly in check, and shut up the house, with plenty of atmo- spheric moisture, at 2.30 P.M. Keep the evaporating- pans filled with liquid manure, the ammonia of which is beneficial to the health of the plants, and not very favourable to insect life. Young plants will now be making vigorous growth, which must — they having been previously stopped on attaining the third wire — be trained regularly, but not too closely, over the trellis. Add some more soil of the same ingredients as previously recommended to the hillocks, and which must be added to as the roots push through the soil, and until the allotted space h.as been filled. See that the linings of hotbeds are duly attended to, and that a quantity of fermenting material is kept in reserve for present and future use. H. IV. IFard, Longford Castle. PLANT HOUSES. The weather so far has not been very cheering to plant cultivators, but with the advanced season and increased amount of light we arc now getting all vege- t.ation is on the move, which being the case it is high time to give the various occupants of the stove a general overhauling that any requiring it may at once be repotted and thoroughly cleansed of all insects before starting into growth, as any sponging or handling after that cannot well be done without injuring the young tender foli.age. Although it may not bo' necessary with the majority of plants to give them a large shift, nearly all are more or less benefited by receiving fresh soil, a fair quantity of which may be given without much increasing the si/e of the pot or disturbing the ball sufficiently to interfere with the roots to check or injure the same, liy working care- fully among these with a sharp-pointed slick made for the purpose, the loose inert .soil may be readily removed, to facilitate the doing of which it should previously be allowed to become tolerably dry, when it will be found to crumble away at the touch or admit of being shaken out by the hand. Plants that have been cvit back and have little top to support will bear this being done pretty freely, after which it is always advisable to put them in pots as small as they can fairly be got into, that in a month or so they may be shifted on again — a course of treatment which although involving more time and labour, is highly congenial to their welfare. Since I can remember, it used to be the practice in most gardens to sift the soil before using it for potting, but experience has proved how mistaken this was, and the most success- ful cultivators now find that instead of doing this and using the fine as was then done, it is far better to remove some of the more earthy portion and retain in its place the whole of the fibre and other undecom- posed vegetable matter formerly rejected. The great advantage of this is that the roots ramify in it more freely, and make an increased number of feeders, besides which, being more open, water percolates re.adily through, and there is always a large amount of food and air in it, so requisite for sustaining and keeping plants in the highest perfection of health. In preparing soil, therefore, these facts should be borne in mind, as success in a large measure depends on what they have to grow in, for nothing in after- management can make up for any defect at starting, however careful the tending may be. iVlthough some few stove plants do best in all peat or loam, the greater p.art prefer a mixture of the two, the former correcting the tendency of the latter to become close, and containing that within which is absent from the other. Not only should these when incorporated together be used moderately rough, but it is essenti.al also that both are in a fairly dry condition, so as to admit of being pressed well into the pots without binding into a compact solid mass, as wet soils do when handled in that way. After undergoing a general repotting it will be necessary to maintain a close moist atmo- sphere for a time, together with a slight increase of heat to give the plants a start. To do this advantage should be taken of any sun we may get to aid in rais- ing the temperature, the warmth from which is much more genial to plants than any obtained from other sources, except perhaps such as is afforded by means of fermenting material like tan, the steam arising fr jin which so regularly is a great help at this season. The best way of utilising it is to have a good large body under the st.age or in the bed where the pots can be stood on inverted pans or pieces of slate laid on it, where, duly syringed during the afternoon of bright days, their progress will be most rapid. iSIarch is always a treacherous month for giving air, as, the foliage being young and tender and the winds keen and searching, it requires much watchfulness to pre- vent harm being done, to guard against which the ventilators should not be made too free use of, as it is better that the heat should run up 10° or 15° higher than ordinary rather than admit cold Ijlasts, that chill where they go. By keeping the fires in abeyance, that their influence is not felt on the water in the pipes till required late in the day, houses may be kept almost entirely closed at this season not only without injury but with manifest advantage to the occupants within. The gradual pushing up of young Fern fronds is the signal that they, like other plants, require immediate attention, not in removing all the old, as is frequently done, very much to their detriment, but in dividing, repotting, or surface-dressing and fiUing-in, as the case may be, according to the way in which they are grown. It often occurs with those planted out in the natural style among rockwork that the soil shrinks away from the sides of the pockets or recesses in which they are placed, thus causing fissures or cavities that drain ofi the water to such an extent as to leave the roots without a proper supply, however much or often it may be administered. Some turfy loam and peat thrust in with a blunt-pointed stick will rectify this and be a great help to the Ferns by affording them something fresh to lay hold of. The same kind of soil chopped up rather roughly will just suit any that require repotting, but in order to keep it well open some charcoal or coal cinders about the size of marbles should be added and mixed up with it, together with a little sand, as then they can be freely watered without risk of rendering the balls sour and moisture-logged, a condition that soon throws the plants out of health. J. Sheffard, U'oolvcrstone, 304 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 8, 1879. THE SATURDAY, MARCH S, 1879. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. C Sal 10^ Sail I r ' Sale of Orchids, at Stevens" Room^, Monday, Marcli 10^ Sale at the Lea Bridge Nurseries, Ijy Prothcroe & Morris. 'Royal Horticultural Society: Meeting of tnc Fruit and Floral Committees, at II A..M ; and Scientific Committee, at I P.M. . Sale at the Rojal Nurseries, Ascot, L Prothcroe & Alorris (four davs). Tuesday, March it by . ( Sale of Roses, Herbaceous Plants, &c, ■ I Steven Wednesday, Mar. ■.: i c. . d ' I Stevens Rooms. Thursday, March 13 | Sale of Orchids, at Stevens' Rooms. Satukday March le / ^■'''^ "^ Trees and Shrubs, Bulbs, &c., SATURDAY, March 15 I Stevens' Rooms. THE retirement of Professor B.\lfour from the Professorship of Botany in the University of Edinburgh, after a lengthened career of unusual success as a teacher, naturally gives rise to some suggestions as to the future of botanical teaching in this country. But before all it is incumbent on us to express the regret felt at the cause of the veteran Professor's retirement, and the general feeling of admira- tion of the zealous way in which he has so long performed the duties of his office, no less than of the many personal qualities which have endeared hinr to his friends and to so many successive generations of students. As the Professorship of Botany in the Univer- sity in question is at present the highest prize, so far as emolument is concerned, within reach of British botanists, it is natural that much interest should be felt in the matter, while all admit that it is specially desirable that the electors should very carefully consider the responsibility they have in making their choice of a successor. And truly their office is not an enviable one, for it is well known that several of our foremost botanists are, or are likely to be, candidates for the office. Many of the candidates are Edinburgh graduates, and these, we presume, other things being equal, would have a prior claim over botanists hailing from the south of the Tweed, or not previously con- nected with the University. There is, however, quite an embarras de j-ichesse in the matter of candidates, and any one of those whose names we have heard mentioned would, no doubt, make a competent and efficient Professor. Into this personal matter, however, we can- not enter. The election is an extremely import- ant one in the interests of botanical science, and no doubt those with whom the choice rests will be sufficiently impressed with their responsi- bilities to take all possible care to make a fitting selection. Dismissing, therefore, the personal question, we have no hesitation in expressing our opinion that in the interests of botany and of the collateral sciences, and of those which are more or less dependent on it, such as horti- culture, agriculture, forestry, it would be very desirable that the Professorship should no longer be confided to one individual, but that it should be held by at least two professors. In a great University like that at Edinburgh the object of the Professor should not merely consist in dealing out to medical students the modicum of information required by the curricu- lum. Instruction in the elements, if not given at school, as it ought to be, should, in the large Universities at any rate, be confided to demon- strators or assistant Professors, leaving the more experienced Professor to pursue the higher branches of the science, and specially to follow himself, and put others in the way of following, independent research whereby the boundaries of the science may be enlarged. When botany consisted, or was treated as if it consisted, merely of a string of hard words and an artificial jumble of classes and orders, one Professor could without undue strain upon his powers instruct his pupils in proportion to the science of the day. But things have wonder- fully altered of late years. Botany now includes so vast a range of subjects that it is absolutely impossible for any one man to be equally ail fait in all departments of the science, or even sufficiently so to do justice to his pupils. Hitherto by most of the examining bodies botany has been looked on simply as an element in the education of medical students. It has been thought, and thought rightly too, that while some knowledge of botany is essential to medical men who have to deal in poisons and drugs derived from the vegetable kingdom, its chief value consisted in fostering the faculties, first of accurate observation, and then of correct reasoning upon observed facts — qualifications most essential to a successful practitioner of medicine. Whether such quali- fications are ensured by a three months' course of lectures and demonstrations is a matter for doubt. Be this as it may, however, this view of the subject appears to us to be a very in- sufficient one for a great University to uphold. In theory a University should teach and promote the extension of each science for its own sake. The diffusion and extension of knowledge should be its principal aim, the use to which that knowledge is to be put being a secondary consideration. Botany, now-a-days, must be treated as abranchof Biology or the study of life in all its manifestations, its machinery, its beginnings, its workings, its modifications, its endings. Botany and vegetable physiology cannot properly be dissociated from zoology and animal physiology. There is no science of life for the one absolutely different from the other. The time has passed when it was possible to draw a hard and fast line between plants and animals. The consequence is that biology becomes more and more essential every day in the attempt to unravel the problems of existence, the mysteries and miracles of Creation and evolution, and even the processes of thought. But as the general scope of biology is so vast, division of labour becomes essential. Few, indeed, are the minds, however gifted, who can grasp the entire subject. And what is true of the whole is in its degree true of the part : no botanist, and no zoologist is competent to deal with the whole extent of his department of the science. He may have a general know- ledge of the whole, and a special acquaint- ance with one or two subdivisions, but of the whole as a whole no one can now-a- days have a more than superficial acquaint- ance. If then the pupil is to get a well- grounded general view of the whole subject, such as is likely to be of service to him, and of use as regards the promotion of science, he should, if possible, have the advantage of tuition by more than one botanist. In small Univer- sities this may not be practicable, though the example of the smaller German Universities, where there are very generally two Professors of Botany and sundry assistants, or "docents," shows that, in Germany at least, it is prac- ticable. How much more so, then, should it be possible in a large University like Edinburgh, with its botanical pupils numbering more nearly 400 than 300. A division of labour by which one Professor should devote himself to flowering plants and to vegetable morphology, another to the so-called flowerless plants, another to physiology proper, would be by no means excessive in the present state of science. By such a division there would be a chance of botany being efficiently taught according to the standard of the times, and there would be opened up possibilities of original research now so lamentably deficient in our Universities. The matter is also important from a practical point of view. Sooner or later a School of Forestry must be instituted. Agriculture already has, and horticulture should have, its Professor at Edinburgh. The life-history of plants, the diseases to which they are subjected, the influ- ences to which they are exposed — all these must be systematically investigated and taught somewhere, or our position as a nation will retrograde. Such schools do exist abroad, and in America, very often in connection with the Universities, as, for instance, at Ghent. Now suppose these matters to be, as they ought to be, taken up by our Universities it is obvious that no one Professor would be capable of dealing with them ; but by an increase of the professorial staff, and a suitable distribution of the work according to the qualifications of the Professors, a " faculty " dealing with horti- culture, agriculture, and forestry, could readily be established. It does not exist at present, but it is none the less an urgent necessity, if we are not to be beaten in the long run by our more far-seeing competitors. But even as things are at present there is ample room, as we think, for two Professors of Botany in so large a school as that of Edinburgh, and the interests of the pupils and those of the science would, in our opinion, be forwarded by the formation of two Professorships. Our Fruit Crops. — Some of our correspon- dents have been indulging in prophecies as to the probabilities of next season's fruit crop. Before com- mitting themselves too far it will be well to examine the buds to see what, if any, injury has been done by the frost. A few days since we had the opportunity of examining some Pear shoots of various kinds, and we found that in several cases the bud at the end of the shoot, or rather the spur itself just beneath the bud, was killed, the young flowers safely tucked up in their fluffy bud-scales being uninjured ; but, seeing that the source whence they must derive their food was destroyed, it is needless to say what their fate must eventually be. The buds on the sides of the shoots were not so much injured. Death of M. Franz Klaboch.— Intelli- gence has reached us of the death, in Mexico, eady in February, of M. Franz Klaboch, the well- known plant collector. At present we are without full particulars of this sad occurrence. ■ National Rose Society. — We are in- formed that the Earls of Stanhope and Egmont have recently become members of this Society, and that the Rose Societies of Maidstone, Reigate, Brookham, .and Leek have affiliated themselves to it, and so become entitled to receive its medals. This shows steady progress. Lord Londesborough's Orchids. — We noted the following Orchids in flower in Lord Londesborough's fine collection at Norbiton, a few days ago : — Angra;cum citratum, and A. eburneum ; Cattleya chocoensis, and C. Triana: ; CymbiJium eburneum, and C. Hookerianum, which is rarely seen in flower, but will shortly have ten blossoms open on one spike ; Cypripedium hirsutissimum, and C. Lowii ; Dendrobium infundibulum, D. teretifolium, D. nobile, D. Williamsoni, small, white, and very sweet ; D. Farmeri, D. Kingiana, an Australian species, with flowers almost blue in colour, and very pretty ; and D. speciosum ; Odontoglossum carini- ierum, O. Uro-Skinneri, O. bictonense, O. pulchel- lum, O. grande, O. llallii, O. Cervantesii, O. Alex- andra;, O. Andersoni, and O. coronarium ; Oncidium aurosum ; Ccelogyne cristata, Pleione humilis, Phalcenopsis Schilleriana, Sophronitis grandiflora, and Vanda gigantea. Canterbury Rose Club. — A meeting w-is held at Canterbury on February 28, at the Rose Hotel, Captain Lambert in the chair, for the purpose of founding a Rose club for Canterbury and the county of Kent. Amongst those present were Col. Cox, the Revs. II. B. Biron, J. B. Buchanan, and II. HoNVWOOD D'Ombrai.n, Dr. Pittock, Messrs. Young, Kidd (of the firm of Kinmont and Kidd), Mou.nt, Bensted, &c. Much enthusiasm in the cause of the Rose was manifested. The Rev. H. B. Biron and Mr. Luco.mb were appointed Secretaries, and it was determined to hold the first March 8, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 305 exhibition on July 3. The Society has made a goo J start, and we trust will prosper. Rhododendron Falconeri. — A remark- ably fine specimen of this grand Rhododendron is now in full bloom in Messrs. DowNiE & Laird's winter garden at West Coates, Edinburgh. The plant is 7 feet high, and stated to be covered with bloom. Renanthera coccinea. — This lovely Orchid, a native of Cochin China, is generally con- sidered very difficult to bloom. At the present time there is a grand specimen flowering very freely in the early vinery at Posingworth, near Uckfield, the seat of L. HOUTH, Esq. It is a very fine plant, and in There are few shortcomings in Nature. An allwise Providence, that brought the smallest and most insig- nificant of these into existence, has given them powers to resist the severity of the season, or instinctively taught them how to get beyond its reach. On the mild days we have had lately, when the wind chopped round to the .South, large colonies of gnats were for hours together keeping on their dance ; and a week ago we found several fine fat slugs in an empty flower-pot — one in the middle of a dozen that had been stuck in each other ; on replacing and carefully examining them we found that there was no more room in .any direction for getting either in or out than would have admitted a darning needle, and we were convinced that they must have been in the drainage them. There is also a grand display of Orchids in flower now, consisting of fine examples of Dendro- bium Wardianum, Cailogyne cristata, Lycastes, .Sophronites, Cypripediums, &c. Summer Bedding Plants. — " It's an ill wind that blows nobody good," and although the winds of the North and East have brought a winter of great severity, and the nurserymen have h.ad a very bad trade season, yet there is a good prospect in store for the traders in soft-wooded and bedding stuff presently when the usual bedding-out time shall come. Into thousands of small greenhouses, frames, and other supposed shelters for bedding plants during the winter months the severe weather has carried Fig. 43.— the elower garden at iiaddo house, Aberdeen, (see i'. 299.) splendid health, indeed the largest shoots measure about 6 feet in height, and there are no less than ten fine spikes, many with over 100 flowers on a spike ! The bright deep red flowers are mottled with orange, the lip crimson, and the throat white, and are pro- duced on long branching panicles which are exceed- ingly attractive. Mr. Reid, the gardener, told our informant that he had already cut five spikes in addition to those remaining. He attributes his success to growing it cool, with plenty of light and sun. The Destruction of Insects by Frost. — We have not nearly so much faith in the cer- tainty of severe winters eft'ecting such complete destruction of insects and other small members of the animal kingdom which prey upon garden plants as is often possessed. During a tolerably lengthened experience we have had many proofs to the contrary. material left in the bottom of the pot.they were^ound in when it was put away with the others in the autumn. The pots had stood in the open air during all the frost, with no shelter of any kind, and yet the slugs were as safe as if they had been entirely out of reach of the pinching weather. ^CHMEA Mari^ Regin/E is now beauti- fully in flower at the Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, and is one of the finest Bromeliaceous plants in com- merce ; the bracts are of a bright magenta colour, and the blue flowers make a striking and beautiful con- trast. The Camellia-houses in this establishment are well worthy of a visit, containing many fine speci- mens in full flower. Mr. Williams has always made a specialily of this much-admired class of plants, and as objects of floral beauty at this time of the year, when flowers are so scarce, there is nothing to equal death and destruction, and the unfortunate possessors must now turn to the trade to replace their losses. In view of this inevitable demand every effort is being nmde to supply the enormous public requirements, and the ingenuity of the florist combined with his resources in glasshouses and artificial heat will render him equal to the occasion. Those amateur gardeners of both sexes who have during the past winter put their faith in gas stoves, petroleum lamps, and other contrivances for excluding cold — often useful in their way during a mild winter — have been terribly dis- appointed to find that they were but broken reeds. Nothing less than a good flue or hot-wnter piping will give enough warmth to exclude frost when the ther- mometer stands at 12°, or even higher, and such pro- tection is by far the cheapest in the end. When the season of spring sales of bedding plants arrives, auctioneers may look for a better price and keener 3o6 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 8, 1879. competition. It is one of the curious features inci- dental to our national love for bargains that we prefer to buy many things cheap at a sale that we may not want, rather than go at once to the tradesman and purchase what we really do want at a rather higher figure. Probably in the end it is best for the trade, as a quantity of plants is thus disposed of that may not otherwise be sold. It is, however, fair to the pur- chaser to believe that, even .ibove the love of making a bargain, there is yet a higher stimulant m this case, and that is, a pure love for flowers and gardens. Prizes for Amaryllis. — An amateur, anxious to encour.ige the cultivation of this fine tribe of plants, offers the following prizes to be competeil for at the Royal Horticultural Society's meeting to be held at South Kensington, on April S : — A. For the best dark seedlinf^, I5t prize, ^2 : 2d prize, ;^t For the best light seedling, ist prize, ^2 : 2d prize, j^t. — B. For the beit six Amirylli-;, n.imed, three to be dark and three light varieties, ist prize, £,1 ; 2d prize, ^t- — C. For the best variety selected from among the plants exhibited in claiS B. For the best dark variety, .£1 : second best ditto, lof. For the best light variety, ^i ; second best ditto, 10^. The prizes are to be awarded only if the exhibits are considered of sufficient merit. A New Use for Cones.— A writer in the Califoniia I/orliciillip ist teWs, us how, in the course of his holiday trip, he collected some cones, and on his arrival at home fastened a wire around them, so as to be able to suspend them from the roof of his con- servatory. The spaces between the scales were filled in with fine soil, in which were sown grass seeds. In due time, the cones having been carefully moistened occasionally, the grass grew and was mown close by scissors — an operation repeated several times, till the soil was quite tied together by the roots of the grass. Spores of Ferns, such as CheiUanthes cali- fornica, were then sewn, .and by-and-bye their young fronds took possession of the whole cone, producing doubtless a very pretty effect. Dried Vegetables. — While fresh vegetables are so scarce and dear, we may do worse than direct the attention of our readers to a list of dried vegetables sent to us by Mr. TiiEODORUS Alkemade of Nordwyk, Holland, through Mr. T. Alkemade, 5, Melrose Terr.ace, Stamford Road, Tottenham, and which incltides Bro.ad Beans, French Beans, .Scarlet Runners, Green Peas, Sugar Peas, Carrots, Cauli- flowers, Brussels Sprouts, Celery, Parsley, Potatos, Savoy, &c., all dried and offered for sale in this con- dition, at so much per pound ; the prices ranging from 6s. 6J. per pound for Cauliflowers, to is. 81/. for Potatos. The process of preserving or drying is carried out in heated rooms, after the vegetables have been partially boiled, and before being cooked they all require soaking in cold water for at least six hours, and must be boiled slowly for a little longer time than fresh vegetables require. We have tried the Scarlet Runners and French Beans, ij- ounce of either making a nice little dish — and they were the best of their kind that we have had. TiiE Si'RiNG Bedding. — After such a severe winter, and taking into consideration the unusually blackened condition of most early flowering hardy things, there appears to be but a small chance of any lengthened display of spring bedding, unless the plants be allowed to remain in the beds longer than usual. When this occurs, however, the inevitable conse- quence is, that the reign of the summer occupants is proportionately shortened ; anIarch 3. The rainfall w.as about the mean in "Scotland, E.," "England, S.," and "England, N.W.," but less in all other districts ; the deficit not being very large anywhere, but greatest in " Ireland, .S." Some snow fell over England and Scotland durini; the first d.ay or two. The wind was generally north-easterly on February 25, but south-westerly winds appeared in the north of Scotland on the 26th, and extended to all parts of the country during the succeeding d.ay. The wind veered to the northward on the 28th, but on March i the south- westerly current once more set in, and continued till the close of the period. .Moderate northeasterly g.ales were experienced in the south-east on the night of the 25th, and a south-westerly gale in the more northern districts on March 2. 3o8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 8, 1879. ijanic Corrcspiiiieiicc. Fertilising Early Peaches : Pampas-grass V. Bees. — That bees are good and useful fertilising agents none can deny, but to my idea it is a very cruel practice to put a hive of bees in an early Peach-house, and so to sacrifice a host of lives that one may through their instrumentality secure a good crop of fruit. I have taUen great interest in bees for some years, and have repeatedly noticed that when they emerge from the hive in a strange place they commence llight by darting to and fro, as it were, to learn the geography of the district. In Peach-houses many fly out never to return ; they fly to the light and buzz, buzz, buzz against the glass until they drop exhausted and die ; and if ventilation is put on they fly out and go to perish on the original stand of the hive, thus weakening the hive very considerably. The warmth of the house also promotes early breeding ; the queen, finding the temperature of the hive to increase, commences laying eggs freely, at any rate to the extent of filling every cell that there are bees to cover. The length of time necessary for the bees to remain in the house varies according to circum- stances, for instance, a number of varieties may be grown in the same house and may not all flower together, or, as in our case, one end of the house may be sheltered and the other exposed, which this year made a difference of six days in a house 27 feet long and wholly occupied by one tree. The whole of the warmest end was in flower and set fully five days earlier than the end next the door ; thus the bees would have to remain in so much longer than if the ^yhole of the house or tree was in bloom at one time. Suppose the bees were in a house ten days, there would be ample time for the queen to lay a quantity of eggs, hatch them, and for the white larva to deve- lope themselves sufficiently to occupy the whole of the bottom of their cells. We will further suppose that the next Peach-house in succession is not forward enough for the bees to operate on by the time they have done in the first or early house, as in our case. What is to be done ? Carry them out-of-doors again, and let them take their luck? If so, what would follow? If we had adopted such practice this year, I should have expected the 17' and 19° of frost that we expe- rienced lately to have killed all the young larva produced in the Peach-house, which would be followed by foul brood, to the destruction of the colony. I differ very considerably from my friend, Mr. Miller, when he says, at p. 139: "My argu- ment goes only to show that bees may advan- tageously be employed as safe and clever fertilisers in the matter of early Peach-houses. Their agency saves an enormous amount of labour and anxiety — no amount of manual labour could equal their work, or do it half so well," &c. It may be interesting to Mr. Miller and your readers to know something of a system that we have adopted for some years, which is most effectually carried out in less time than would be occupied in fetching one of our hives of bees into the house. Each operation is, in fact, performed in less than five minutes. Immediately the anthers burst and the pollen is dry and in a fit state for ferti- lising, I have the whole of the blossoms wiped over lightly with a plume of Pampas-grass. The tree alluded to at p. 242 and in the above portion of this letter expanded its earliest blooms on January 23, part of the tree at the cooler end of the house being fully six days later, consequently I had the tree wiped over at three different times, the whole collectively not occupying more than a quarter of an hour ; the result IS a marvellous set of fruit. I forward some of the shoots, which are a fair sample, for your inspection. By the above practice I have never failed in getting Peach blooms to set freely, and that with the lowest minimum of labour, and I sincerely hope that when this becomes known the cruel practice of sacrificing the lives of so many useful bees by putting them in Peach-houses will be abolished and become a thing of the past. J. Oiler head. The Gardens, IVimbledon House. [No one could wish a finer "set" than is shown on the branch received. Eds.] Quickset Hedges — I would observe, in reply to Mr. J. Jeffery (p. 267), that I did so from my know- ledge and experience of their great utility, as explained by me at the time, and it stands to reason that a hedge so formed and bound together with branches interlaced and running in a horizontal direction, must be stronger and safer against the inroads of cattle than one having them vertical, and which, as every one knows, offen get hollow and naked below. Mr. J. Jefiery might as well call in question the system of road-making pursued by our forefathers, on which and many other operations then carried out I fear we have not much improved, and it is just possible that the plan of managing hedges made mention of by your correspondent may be the most antiquated of the two. Scotland certainly must be exceptionally favoured in having fences that a sparrow cannot pene- trate, but although those I spoke of do not yet approach that state of perfection, they answer every purpose of confining any kind of stock to the field or pasture required, and yet afford a home for the feathered songsters we all like to hear. J. S. Chamserops excelsa, or Fortunei. — I am sur- prised at the hardiness of this Palm. We see in many places large plants of Vt, which, having been more or less protected, have survived many winters out-of- doors ; but I have a small plant here on a rockery which has withstood the frost of several winters, and finally the late severe weather of this winter, quite unprotected. It is now (Feb. 19) in a growing state, and, since the change of temperature, is pushing forth its young centre leaf, whilst Veronica Andersoni, by its side, is killed, and sweet Bays of three years' growth have fared very little better. Bambusa For- tunei has also suffered much, and Corypha australis, which was planted side by side with the Chamajrops, was killed before Christmas. The above fact, I think, fully proves this Palm to be quite hardy in the neigh- bourhood of London. C. E. Peas for Exhibition. -To have fine Peas for exhibition at specified dates, when the varieties eligible for competition are limited in the schedule of prizes to two or three kinds, there is no better plan than to make sowings every ten days or so, according to the geniality of the weather or other- wise, as the case may happen to be. As regards a regular succession (without which success is im- possible), the plan of calculating upon results by time is an error ; unless the weather should happen to be in a settled state during the periods inter- vening between the sowings. The safest way is to make underground examinations periodically, and to make small sowings at a time, because the progress that seeds make at this season depends entirely upon the warmth of the soil from the action of solar rays. The soil best adapted for growing exhibition Peas is that which is inclined to be clayey, and which is generously cultivated and richly manured. Some of the grandest crops of Peas we have ever gathered were those which were grown upon an artifically pre- pared soil, which, before it was taken in hand, was worn out and thoroughly impoverished. The im- provement was effected by adding a heavy top-dress- ing of clay every winter for two or three years, and Vjy burning large heaps of clay, which, together with wood ashes, was incorporated with the soil till its whole texture became so changed as to present a totally different appearance from what it once was. If the ground was manured and ridged, or thrown up in a rough state last autumn, the surface will only require to be levelled and broken over with a five- pronged fork to a few inches in depth at sowing time, which is now at hand. The lines should be drawn at about 6 feet apart, and rows of Spinach, or other temporary crops, may be grown between the rows. Tall growing sorts should be allowed a little more space where land is not scarce, and in any case they should be grown as much as possible by themselves in order that they may not shut out the light from dwarfer growing kinds. Last season we tried various plans of sowing, some lines being planted in double zig-zag rows, the single seeds being placed at about 6 inches apart, but we gathered quite as fine pods from lines which were sown in the ordinary useful way. As to varieties, Culverwell's Telegraph is the most wonderlul Pea I have grown or seen anywhere. Carter's Challenger is a most prolific sort, and a dwarf Pea which is destined to take the lead in small gardens on account of its rich flavour and dwarf habit, and is also a fine variety for exhibition. Little Wonder, also a speciality of Messrs. Carter's last year, turned out useless on our soil ; it never filled its pods well all through the season, and I think I remember that at Preston there were but few dishes of the latter that figured conspicuously at the exhibition. Has any one found a better variety than the old Ne Plus Ultra for all purposes ? We had it in good form in Lanca shire in an open garden on July 10 last year. /K Hinds, Dendrobium Wardianum at Ormiston House. — This splenilid species is in magnificent inflorescence at Ormiston House, in Mr. W. B. Boyd's very choice and well cultivated collection of plants. One plant alone carries 250 flowers, and such flowers as an enthusiast might be fain to worship. Unlike many cultivators, Mr. Boyd's gardener, Mr. Fairbairn, grows them in liberal pot-room and stakes up the pseudobulbs, which shows that there is more than one way of successful cultivation in the Orchid family. These bulbs, or the biggest of them, will be 30 inches long, and the quantity of flowers from the nodes down nearly 20 inches of its length is really surprising, looking to the general appearance of the plant. The more one sees of this importation of Wardianum the more convincing does it appear that although not specifically different from the one originally intro- duced, yet it is in many respects a very much su]3erior variety in respect of size, quality, and freeness of bloom : in fact there is no Dendrobium yet introduced can cope with it in the general merits principle. It seems to go on best in brisk temperature during the growing season, and Mr. Boyd says he never prac- tises too much of the cool drying treatment of it dur- ing winter. Some have erred in this way, and the plants suffer in consequence, and once suffering it takes some "coopering up " to bring them back to their wonted health. J . A. I had no idea that Dendrobium Wardianum was such a magnificent Orchid as it is until I saw it a day or so ago at Mr. Boyd's, of Ormiston, near Kelso. Mr. Boyd kindly invited me up to see them — his two plants in flower. The largest and strongest bulb is upwards of 3 feet high from top of pot and very strong, quite as big as one's thumb, and I did not attempt to count the number of flowers on it ; but some of the flowers — indeed all of them I may say — were 3 inches across ! A plant of Dendrobium chrysanthum had a bulb 5 leet high ready for flower- ing, and making others that will be equally fine for another season. Odontoglossum Cervantcsii, 0. album, Colax jugosus, Vanda suavis, V. tricolor, Brasavola glauca, and Phaltenopsis Schillerian.-, were all in admirable flower. Colax jugosus is a very beautiful Orchid, and stands long^weeks— in flower. Mr. Boyd has also a very promising plant of Vanda Lowii, which should flower in a year or two at least. The plant I saw flowering at the Paris Exhi- bition in 1867 was not much larger, and it had two spikes many feet in length. It will be worth seeing when in flower — this one at Ormiston. I noticed also a fine plant of Dendrobium Cambridgeanuni, and Saccolabium Blumei majus very fine. Altogether this is a collection of Orchids increasing in import- ance and value, for the collection is of the most recherche description, and Mr. Boyd may well be proud of his valuable pets. Henry Knight, Floors. A Simple Remedy for Vine Bleeding. — Having some vigorous rods of young Vines that took to bleeding copiously this season on the rise of the sap, though they had been pruned at least three months previously, we tried frequent dusting with fresh Portland cement. This, with a cool tempera- ture, has stopped the bleeding by forming a sort ol hard crust over the ends of the cuts. It took several dustings in succession, however, to stop the bleeding, the first few being washed off by the flow of the sap. I have seldom seen Vines ble»d after being pruned so long as these, which probably arose chiefly from their youth and vigour. The cultivators are familiar with the fact that the liability of Vines to bleed is very much in the ratio of their youthfulness and strength ; the sap vessels are so much larger in yourg Vines, and vital force is also more vigorous. D. 'J', Fish. The Flow of Sap in Fruit Trees. — As an instance of the motion of sap in fruit trees caused by the natural agency of the sun, I may cite an instance of a Pear tree which I have noticed for the past five years, and which is trained partly on a west and partly on a south wall. The branches which are trained on the south wall come into flower and set their fruit before those on the west wall expand their flowers ; but the balance of growth seems to rectify itself when the roots are called into action as the sea- son advances. This, I think, is a significant instance of how Nature provides herself beforehand with sup- plies of sap, which under the most natural conditions is excited into action when the roots are yet in an incredibly low temperature. IV. Hinds. Pruning Conifers.— Different opinions on this subject were published in your columns a few yeais ago, and the late Mr. MacNab was among those who then advocated a moderate use of the knife in forming handsome specimens. Last autumn, when walking round the gardens of Baron A. de Rothschild at Ferrieres, I was struck with two specimens of Arau- caria excelsa, perfect in health and symmetry, which i\L Bergman informed me were four years ago the two most unsightly plants he had in the garden, being naked in their branches and irregular in growth. He decided to prune them into pyramidal shape, cutting them in to within a foot or two of the main stem, and their present satisfactory state is the result of the operation. J. Roberts, Giinnersbury Park. [We have seen the plants in question, and can confirm our correspondent's statement. The plants form an exceedingly handsome pair. Eds.] Camellias Planted Out v. Camellias in Pots. — The Camellia-house just now at Dalkeith Park is one of the grandest sights that any lover of tlowers could witness. It measures about 80 feet long by 25 feet wide, and is filled with plants planted out in the border with plants kept and trimmed like great syminetricalspecimensof Portugal Laurels and .abound- ing in flower. The cutting-in not only adds to the symmetry of the specimen but to its productiveness. At the time of my visit there would be quite 10,000 fully expanded flowers— the great whites towering above their neighbours like conical heaps of snow. March 8, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 309 The old while still stands pre-eminent among its fellows, although fimbriata, candidissima, Lady Hume's Blush, and the more modern Duchesse de Berri, are capital representatives of whites, shading from pure white to the colour of Lady Hume's Blush. Jubilee is grand planted out, coming more regularly imbricated than when in pots. Nothing seems to eclipse Saccoi nova for a pink nor imbricatafor a red. Mr. Dunn informed me that he grows them in pure turfy loam, and nothing certainly could be better, looking to results of general health and productive- ness accompanied with great blooms of first quality. M. Comparative Hardiness of Ferns. — In com- pliance with Mr. Ncill Fraser's request, I annex a list of those Ferns that are generally considered most tender, but that have stood the winter in the house I described ; also a list of the species that succumbed : those marked ? being hardy will probably revive. I have omitted species ordinarily classed as green- house, except where they are natives of the tropics, but the list has been made out somewhat hastily, and no doubt mistakes may occur. Alfred 0. lValki:i\ SJiCiU-s Uninjured. Adianlutn amabile ,, cili:itum ,, tiiictum „ excisum ,, colpodes ,, cuneatum Asplenium obtusilobilin Blechnum glandulosum ., polypodioides ,, gracile CKeilantlies litrta „ elegans ,, pulveracea Davallia Tyennanni Diplazium Tliwaitesi „ Stieplieidi „ sylvaticuni Elaptioglossum crassinerve Gleicheoia dictiotoma (injured) „ rupestris Lastrea pubescens Nothoclitiena chrysophj Ila Polypodium vaccinifclium ,, lycopodioides „ sepultum Phegopteris effiisus Platyloma ternifolia Pteris semipinnata S/gcies Killed, .\diantum macrophyllum Davallia polyantha ,. pedatum (?) " Aspidium crislatum Clintoni anum (?) Asplenium formosum Davallia hemiptera ,, bullata Gymnopteris quercifolla Leucostegia chaerophylla ., immersa Nephrolepis davallioides Nothochlsena nivea Platyloma calomelanos Arenga saccharifera (the Sago Sugar Palm). — Within the last fortnight we have had to cut down two of perhaps the finest specimens in Europe of this noble Palm. Both plants were over 60 feet in height, and have for a number of years formed a pro- minent feature in the stove. Early in 1870 they showed symptoms of flowering, and by the middle of March of that year they had developed several large spadices. They continued to flower freely till the beginning of 1S7S, when they suddenly lost all their vigour, and gradually withered and died. This was evidently from exhaustion, arising from over-flower- ing. The largest tree was 69 feet in height, that is, from the base of the tub in which it was growing to the points of its most upright leaves. It was this plant which sent its leaves through the roof of the old Palm-stove, and was thus the means of hastening the Government in granting a vote of ^6000 in 1855 for the erection of the present handsome building : a description of which, with woodcut, appeared in the Gardeners' Chronicle for 1875. According to botanical works this species of Arenga was introduced into Britain from the Asiatic islands in 1830, and, judg- ing from the size and appearance of the plants, I am of opinion that they must have been reared from some of the earliest imported seeds. I have watched their progress of growth since 1854. The soft part of the stem is a mass of starch, and quite sweet. The model of that part of Christopher North's (Professor Wilson's) statue in Princes Street, representing a Palin, was taken from the largest specimen, jfo/ui Sadler, Curator, Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, March 3. Hardiness of Broccoli. — The remarks made by Mr. J. Ktjbcrts as to the hardiness of Broccoli are very opportune, as the season is now at hand for sow- ing the seed. My experience of the different varieties is, that Cattell's Eclipse is the most hardy and reliable of the late sorts ; as when most others have been greatly injured or utterly destroyed, plants of these escape entirely unhurt. This has been the case again this season, as out of a large plantation scarcely one can be found showing signs of distress, or bearing any traces of the trying ordeal through which they have passed. This immunity from harm is to be accounted for by the short sturdy growth they make, and the hard woody stems they form, on which frosts seem to have little or no efiect. Those the reverse of this are mostly a mass of rottenness and putrefaction, the frost having shivered them to pieces at the base of the leaves, the most vulnerable part in Broccoli, as there they are not only more soft, but are full of sap, which when frozen expands and ruptures the vessels and tissues, and cause their decay. It follows, therefore, that any system of culture that will harden the stem, and check this tendency to softness near the heart, must help to render them more enduring ; and this may be done in two ways, the one by planting in hard unmanured ground, and the other by partly lifting and laying them down in the autumn — a prac- tice which, although it reduces the size of the heads, is often the means of saving the whole of the plants when otherwise they would be lost, or a great portion spoiled. All so treated last winter stood the weather well, the snow proving a safe and effectual covering, as it always does with all kinds of vegetation brought in close proximity with the ground. Left standing erect, Broccoli often have their leaves borne down by their weight, thus leaving the tender crowns more ex- posed. Among the early sorts Snow's and Back- house's ha\'e stood best with me. Veitch's Autumn is a valuable Broccoli that every one should grow, as it succeeds the Cauliflower, and carries on the supply till the two named before it come in. Young plants of all kinds of these are greatly improved by being drawn from the seedbed when large enough to handle, and then pricked out in rows before planting. This salutary check prevents them running up leggy, and renders them altogether in a better and more fit state for transferring to the open quarters later on in the season, when other crops are cleared off to make room for them. J. Sheppard. How to Make a Mushroom-Stool. — Several correspondents of tlie Gardeners' Chronicle have written to enquire how a Mushroom-stool, like the one figured on p. 213, should be constructed. Well, the top should be formed from a slice from a tree- stem ; this should be about 18 inches in diameter and 5 inches in thickness ; its upper surface should be r<5_'-. -V-ii- FlG. 44. — HOW TO MAKE A MUSHROOM STOOL. planed round, so as to let it take the form shown in illustration (fig. 44). The stem should be formed from part of another tree-stem 2 feet long and at least 4 inches in diameter when barked. The upper part of the stem must be cut square or round, as at A, so that the stem may be firmly fixed at least 2 inches into the top. The lower part of the stem must rest on a plank iS inches square or 18 inches in diameter and 4 inches in thickness ; this in its turn must be supported by at least three strong braces, as shown in the illustration appended herewith. A hole 18 inches square and the same in depth must be dug in the ground to receive the base, which latter may be well pitched before insertion, to protect it from the moisture of the soil. The earth must be well rammed down both before and after the insertion of the stool. \V. G. S. Calanthes in Shallow Pans and in Small Pots. — The popularity of Calanthes as winter blooming plants is so well known that it would be superfluous to expatiate upon their merits as decorative subjects ; they are cultivated in various ways and with varying success in the hands of different growers. The potting of the bulbs being seasonable work at the pre- sent time, the stock will be in process of being examined, and a general overhaul will be made before potting is commenced : the old roots should be clean cut away, and in case there are anysymptons of decay in the bulbs let them be dusted with dry lime to prevent any further spread of the disease when they are intro- duced into a growing atmosphere. That grand variety Veitchii may also be increased by cutting large well developed bulbs into twos and threes according to the length and "number of joints" in the bulb. After the bulbs are cut let the base be dusted with dry powdered charcoal and inserted in pans or boxes of dry silver sand, untH the wound has dried up, about which time the young growth for the coming year may be observed forming itself immediately above where tlie cut was made. In potting Calanthes it is not perhaps sufiiciently recognised bv cultivators that small bulbs develope and grow into larger ones much more rapidly when they are grown either singly in 4-inch pots or planted in threes in small shallow pans well drained. Acting upon this principle the bulbs should be arranged according to their size and strength, the very finest samples being kept for forming large specimen pots either for exhibition or for conservatory decoration ; and the medium- sized and smaller bulbs might be grown in pots of various sizes to come in for a variety of purposes, always, of course, keeping the prospective in view by encouraging weakly bulbs in the way suggested. The pots or pans of whatever size should be clean washed and thoroughly drained, a thick layer of sphagnum being placed over the drainage ; and the compost for potting should consist of rich loam, a small addi- tion of peat and cow-dung rubbed through the hands, and a sprinkling of broken charcoal. The ingredients require to be well mixed with each other and to be firmly pressed in the pots, and the bulbs, when placed, should be slightly elevated above the rim of the pot in order to make safe against an excess of moisture secreting itself about the bulbs in case of over watering. There are more Calanthes killed by over watering before they have formed roots to absorb the moisture, and by excessive atmospheric applica- tions, than many growers imagine. To oljviate this we use a thin coating of sphagnum to cover the surface-soil, and the bulbs are just laid on the surface and "pinned" by sticking a few wooden pegs sharp- ened to a point in the sphagnum around them. This covering prevents the moisture in the soil from evaporating, and the consequence is that little or no watering is required for weeks after the bulbs are potted, in fact, no water should be applied to the soil except through a syringe till it is a certainty that young roots are numerous enough to require occasional applications of water. It may also be observed that a saturated atmosphere is also baneful to the well- being of Calanthes, even when they are in full growth ; the effect may be seen in the dark blotches in the leaves, which also attacks the bulbs if the mischief is not noticed in time and a drier atmosphere maintained. A rich open compost and a moderate degree of heat, with an atmosphere kepi on the dry side, are the essentials for producing a fine display of those lovely winter flowers. Cultivator. Gardenias in Small Pots.^As sweet-scented flowers these are unsurpassed in beauty, and are universally admired for wedding bouquets as well as for other purposes of floral decoration. It may not, however, be generally known that by a system of "dwarfing" these plants may be grown of a suitable size to fill vases for room decoration, where their flowers keep fresh for a considerable time longer than when they are used in a cut state. The plan of grow- ing them is as follows : — Cuttings are taken from strong healthy young plants, say from two to three years old, just when the flower-bud is set, and from three to four of these cuttings are inserted in a 4-inch pot, which has been moderately drained and filled with a compost of peat and sharp sand. The pots are plunged in a sharp bottom-heat of from 85° to 90°, and kept dewed overhead with a syringe and shaded from the sun till they are rooted, a process that soon takes place when the wood is in such a favourable condition for emitting roots, and is brought under favourable influences. When the cuttings are well rooted, lift the plants by degrees out of the bottom-heat, and set them on the surface of the bed while the buds are developing towards expansion. They ought to be liberally and frequently supplied with liquid-manure after the pots are well packed with feeding roots, to keep the leaves healthy and of a rich green ; and it will also be necessary to remove the plants by degrees into a cooler house for a few days previous to employ- ing them with other subjects for house decoration. Plants that are grown singly in small pots in the same way one year and pricked, so as to make bushy little plants, also come in admirably for the same purpose the second year after being propagated, and little compact bushes of this sort, with from four to six expanding flowers, are no inean objects for house decoration. W. Hinds. Galanthus. — In your interesting article on Galan- thus no mention is made of a fine species with very woolly leaves which is in cultivation. It is a native of Turkestan, flowering at the same time as Crocus .Scharogani, a beautiful yellow species, flowering late in autumn or early winter. Aheria. [We know nothing of this plant. Eds.] Protecting Trees from Hares and Rabbits. — I am very much troubled with hares as well as rabbits. I have tried several recipes, and have found the right one at last. This is train oil mixed with cart grease and soot to the consistency of thick 310 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 8, 1879. paint, put on wilh a paint-brush, as high up the stem as 2 feet. One dressing is sufficient, for the winter rain or frost does not destroy its eflect in the least. For young nursery stuff that has to lie mar- keted I should omit the soot, as it makes them unsightly. IV. If. Rhinopetalum Karelini is mentioned by Messrs. Crelage & Son, p. 276, as in flower at Haarlem, as I ___ r^- .u_ c„^i .; ;„ t.- AX'.. Krel Wi they suppose for the first time in Europe. ..- flowered it last year at Colchester, and it has been in flower in our cool frame during the greater part of last month. A description of it with plate will be found in Mrs. Loudon's Bullions P/nnts, p. 256. It is there stated to have been introduced in 1S35 by M. Kareline, and to flower in January. A reference is also there given to .Sweet's Brilisl: Fltnt'cr Gaviicii, 2d sert., p. 283. A/iwniiiier IVallatc, Colihcslcr. STATE OF THE WEATHER AT BLACKIIEATH, LONDON, For the Week ending Wednesday, March. 5, 1879. Hygromc- trical De- Barometer Temperature of THE ArR. from Ctlaisher's Wind. >, Tables 6th a Edition. i ~i X M 'e 1^ 1 1 < = 0 Oi_ 0 Mean Ke.id Reduced t Departure fr Average o 18 years. Higliest. Mean foi Day. Departure of from Averag 60 years. Dew Poin Degree 0 Humidity Sat. = 10 tuBO Ffh. In. In. ! . .1.1.! . . 1 . W.: WSW In 27 29.74 —0.07 38.0 28.6 9.4 33.OJ- 6.0j32.i| 96| 0.06 23 29.56 —0.26 46.2 35.4 10.840.8 + 0.738.6! 92 WSW O.ll M.ir. 29.90 t- 0.07 43.8 t 1 if 34.0 9.838.9— i.( 35-6 89 NNE: N.E. 0.09 2 29.")5 -1-0 10 49 7 30.S 19.2 39.2— 1.2 3Z.5 78J 31.315.038.6- 1.936.7, 94{ WNW ; WSW o.co 3 29.78 — o.oS 46*.3 WSW ; WNW 0.05 4 29.92 -t-0.03 49.430.0 19.4 39|.4|— ■■■J3S-3 86 WSW 0.00 5 2<)-83 —0.0853842.211.647.0'+ 6.5:44.1 9o{ 1 "■, S.W WSW 0.00 Mean 29.81 —0.02 46.7 33 .1 13 .6 39 6 — 0.8 36.4 89 1 1 1 1 1 1 WSW sum 0.31 Feb. S7. — 28. March I. 2. — 4 — 5 Overcast, dull, and cold throughout. Snow fell till II A.M., and rain fell after i r.M — Overcast, dull day. Milder. Rain fell after 8 I'M. Miserable day. Dull in morninEi, tine afternoon, overcast and dull in evening. Rain Jell early .\.M — A very fine clear day almost cloudless through- out. Hoar-frost early A..M. — Fine, clear till ii A.M., overcast and wet to 3 I'.M. Fine and clear afterwards. Cloudless at night. Hoar.frost early A.M. — A tine day, cloudy at limes. Hoar-frost early A.M. Lunar halo at night. — A fine day, partially cloudy. Mild. Few drops of rain at 10.30 p.m. London : Barometer. — During the week ending Saturday, March i, in the vicinity of London the reading of the barometer at the level of the sea in- creased from 29.47 inches at the beginning of the week to 30.02 inches by the morning of the 25th, decreased to 29.96 inches by the evening of the same day, increased to 30.12 inches by the evening of the 26th, decreased to 29.71 inches by the afternoon of the 2Sth of February, and increased to 30. 18 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading for the week at sea level was 29.89 inches, being 0.68 inch above that of the preceding week, and o.io inch below the average. Temperature. — The highest temperatures of the air observed by day varied from 46]° on February 28, to l'^ on the 23d ; the mean value for the week was 391". The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night varied from 22ij' on the 24th, and 27° on the 25th, to 35^' on the 28th ; the mean value for the week was 29j°'. The mean daily range of tein- perature in the week was 9.;°, the greatest range in the day being 17.5° on the 24th and the least 2.1° on the 23d. The mean daily temperatures of the air and the departures from their respective averages were as follows :— February 23, 3i°-5. — 7°.7; 24lh, yf.-], — S°.6; 25th, 3r.8, — 7°.7 ; 26th, 32°.9, — 6".8 ; 27th, 33°, ^6°.9; 28th, 40'.8, — o°.7 ; March i, 38°. 9, — i°.4. The mean temperature of the air for the week was 34°. 2, being 5°. 5 below the average of sixty years, and \i,\' lower than the value for the corresponding week in 1878. The highest readings of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo, placed in sun's rays, were Il6i° on the 24th, and 1054° on February 25 ; on the 23d, 26th, 27th, and 28th the highest readings varied from 39° to 47". The lowest readings of a thermometer on grass, with its bulb exposed to the sky, were I9i° on the 24th, 24!" on the 25111, and 273:' on the 27th ; the mean of the seven lowest readings was 27". Wind. — The direction of the wind was N.N.E. and .S.W., and its strength gentle. The weather during the week was generally fine, but cold, and the sky was very cloudy. /\ain or siio-i" fell on five days during the week ; the amount measured was 0.28 inch. England: Tempera/ tire. — During the week ending Saturday, March I, the highest temperatures of the air oliserved by day were 52° at .Sunderland, 51° at Plymouth, and 50° at Truro ; the highest tem- perature of the air at Wolverhampton was 43.',°, and at Brighton and Hull 45" ; the mean value from all places was 474°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night were I7i° at Bristol, 19J at Wolverhampton, 20 J ° at Nottingham, 21' at Cam- bridge, 22.;° at Sheffield, and 22^° at Blackhcath ; the lowest temperature at Sunderland was 30°, and at Liverpool was 29-4° ; the general mean from all stations was 244°. The extreme range of temperature in the week was the greatest at Bristol, 32°, and the least at Liverpool, 16 J°; the mean range of temperature from all places was 23°. The mean high day temperature of the air was the highest at Truro, 46° ; Plymouth, 444" ; Bristol, 43j° ; and Sunderland, 42° ; and the lowest at Wol- verhampton, 37i°. Bradford 39°, and Blackhcath 39I' ; the mean from all stations was 41°. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was the lowest at Wolverhampton, 27', Nottingham 27^°, Bristol 28.^°, and Leicester 29°, and the highest at Liverpool, 34°, and Sunderland, 33;° ; the mean value from all places was 3oJ°. The mean daily range of temperature in the week was the least at Liverpool, 6^°, and the greatest at Truro, 15° ; the mean daily range from all places was lo.J°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all stations was 35J°, being 123° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 1878. The mean temperature was the highest at Truro, 38°, Ply- mouth 374°, and Sunderland 37" ; and the lowest at Wolverhampton, 3i.i°, and Nottingham, 335°. Rain or sno7t' fell on every day in the week at Not- tingham and Sunderland, and on four or five days at most other pl.aces. The amounts measured varied from 0.75 inch at .Sunderland, 0.67 inch at Leicester, and 0.51 inch at Nottingham, to 0.08 inch at Nor- wich and 0.13 inch at Liverpool ; the average amount over the country was 0.35 inch. The weather during the week was somewhat finer but cold, and frequent snow and rain fell. The depth of snow at Sunderland on the 24th w.as 4 inches, and at Leicester was 6 inches. Scotland : Temperature. — The highest tempera- tures of the air varied from 48° at Leith to 45° at Dundee ; the mean value from all places was 461°. The lowest temperatures of the air varied from 14° at Perth, and 22° at Dundee, Aberdeen, and Paisley, to 26j° at Leith ; the mean value from all places was 224°. The mean range of temperature in the week from all places was 234°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all places was 35°, being 10° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 1S78. The highest were 364° at both Glasgow and Leith, and 35.;° at both Greenock and Edinburgh, and the lowest were 31 ij° at Perth, and 34^° at Dundee and Aberdeen. Rain or sno^t' was measured to the amount of 0.80 inch at Paisley, and 0.37 inch at Edinburgh, but at Glasgow 0.08 inch onjy was measured ; the average amount over the country was 0.27 inch. Dublin. — The highest temperature of the air was 51;]°, the lowest 23;]°, the range 28°, the mean 375°, and the amount of r.ain and melted snow was o.oS inch. TAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. ffininiirirs. He iJuil guestioneth much shall learn inrteh. —Baco^. Beqiests to Gakdknkks. — It would interest many of your readers to know wlicther gardeners qualified by the'effliix of time arc included in the general bequest sometimes made of twelve months' wages to servants that had been a certain time in the service of the testator at the time of his dealli. I know of instances where coach- men— outdoor servants — have benefited by it, and why should not g.ardeners ? If you would kindly give this inquiry )5roniinence in the next issue of the dante/urs' Chronicle it would perhaps evoke the experience of others. T. O'G. [\\'e have always understood that g.ardcncrs were included in such beciuests, and do not know of a single case of a gardener being excluded by executors where the general term "servants" has been used. Eds.] Glazing Without Putty. — Will some of your readers be good enough to say how they have got on during the late severe weather with houses glazed w ith- out iiiUty, &c. ? I liave been un.able to keep the tem- perature as high by 5° or 6° as by the old plan of sashes and putty. South Wilts. Or.\ngl to Name. — J. C. IS. sends us a small Orange no bigger than a good-sized Cherry, with a thin green rind, the interior being perfectly ripe. What is the variety ? Tulips i'or KouriNG. — Will some of your English or Dutch readers volunteer, for the benefit of others, the information. Whit varieties of Dutch Tulips besides the Due van Thol will answer best for very early forcing in December and Januar)' ; and what treatment in forcing most favours the production of large flowers on high stems? America, Answers to Correspondents. AcROPiiVLi.UM VKN'OSUM : R. P. This is not an e.asy plant to strike from cuttings, but 1 have rooted them by both the following methods : — The nearly matured shoots in autumn taken off at about the third joint from the point, inserted in pots filled with silver sand, covered with a bell-glass, and kept through the winter in a temperature of 45° or a little more ; by the spring they were calliised over, and then put in a bottom-heat of 65', when they soon made roots. Another plan I have followed is to start a plant in moderate heat about Christmas, and as soon as the young shoots were long enough to take them off with a heel and at once put them in bottom-heat. In this way a considerable number will strike in much less time than required by the first-named method. But I doubt the plants of this and other similar delicate con- stitutioned subjects being so long-lived from the latter manner of increasing them, at least such h.as been my experience. The most usual way of raising this .\cro- phyllum is from seed, but there is one objection to seedlings, that they vary so much in the quality of their flowers, whereas if increased by cuttings from a good form of the plant there is no disappointment on this score. T. Baiiics. Bay Trees : A. J. L., Kensington. As soon as you see the buds on the sound wood are on the move, pnine the shoots back to a good plump eye or bud. Insects in Seville Longpou Beans : R. S. The litde beetles which are so plentifully ensconced in the Beans you send are those of a weevil (Bruchus grana- rius), a pest well known to all seed dealers. The weev lays its eggs in the Beans whilst the seeds are quite soft. The wound in the Bean is quickly healed over, and the gnib w^hen hatched feeds in safety be- neath the hard skin on the soft interior. In the illus- tration (fig. 45), I and 5 are holes in Beans ; 4, por- tion of insect in a Pea ; 2, beetle m.agnified ; 3. natural length of die beetle. Seedsmen cannot prevent the insects getting into their parcels of Bean seeds, but they should take care not to distribute badly infested samples. Books : ./. J. H. Hooker's Students' Flora 0/ the British Islands is published by Macmillan & Co., Bedford Street, Covent Garden. The price is .about half-a-guinea. Camei.li.\ Leaves Falling : '). M. We can only suppose the ])laiit has been dry at the root ; or have you been using any of die strong insecticides, for we notice a slight discoloration on some of the leafstalks? Ciiristm.xs Trees : Constant Reader. The common Spruce Fir, being the cheapest, is the most used for Christmas trees ; but any neat and quick-growing variety may be used if they can be grown and sold at a remunerative price. Croton Princess of Wales. — Mr. C. Rann, gr, Handcross Park, Sussex, informs us that he. and not Mr. B. S. Williams, as inadvertently stated by us, was the exhibitor of this plant at the meeting of die Floral Committee on Fcbniary 11. Drying Flowers : A- C. H. The more quickly they arc dried the better. Use plenty of paper, and change it often. The processes resorted to for keeping the colour are of little v.alue for practical purposes. "II": J. M. Tlie rule that should be followed is that of tlie Latin grammar, though as motlern names are often such as the Latin language affords no ]irecedeiit for, considerable diversity of practice has in conse- quence arisen. luiphonv in such cases is the best guide. Supposing Milleriis to be the Latin equivalent of Miller, then the genitive would be Milleri ; if Mil- lerius then Millcrii. Proper names of places .are now generally written with a small letter— thus anglica, gallica, '&c. ; and this is even carried so far, especi.ally bv the zoologists, that names of persons are written w-ith a sni.all letter— thus, smidiii. For our own parts we jirefer .Smitliii. Fkus ei..\stk'.\ : 7. Kdlv. The plant, if cut back, would probably produce two or three shoots. If you lia\e bottom-heat you can easily strike the toi), which will soon form a plant ; or each separate leaf, if cut with the bud and a short length of the wood at the March S, 1879.J THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 311 base, will also developc roots and eventually a young shoot from the eye, and form a young plant. HOLLIKS ; J. Kiily. These are propagated both by cuttings and grafting, but you will find it rather a slow process. Tiie cuttings are put in in autumn, and are kept under glass till rooted. iNDtAN AzAi.KAs : A. O. F. There is such an evident want of vigour in the young growth of your Azaleas, that wc should suppose something must be wrong at the roots. Possibly, as you suggest, they may have been kept too wet, especially if the roots are not actively working in the new soil. iNSiiCTS ; /'". C. The white objects found among the roots ot your pot \'incs arc the pupa^ of the pretty Chr\'Somela polila. They are harmless insects, doing no liurt to tlie Vines. — /''. C. The grubs which have de- stroyed your Cyclamens are the lar\ce of the destruc- tive Otiorhync'hus vastator. The earth should be carefully riddled and baked before using for potting or repotting the roots of the plants. /. O. IV. LiUUMS : Miss L. A mixture of peat, loam, and sand will suit them all admirably, or if peat is not readily obtainable substitute leaf-mould. The soil should be drained if of a retentive nature ; and the position selected for planting should not be too much shaded. LiMK Tkick : y. M. The broken part, if protruding, should be cut off clean and the surface covered with thin lead to keep out the wet. Or if the wound forms a hollow in the wood, it may be filled and plastered \vith a mixture prepared like grafting-clay, which will facilitate its healing, but may have to be renewed if the damage is very severe. NAMEii OF 1*1, ANTS : IV. B. How can you expect us even to try to identify such rubbish — two rotten leaves and a couple of almost leafless twigs — the most miser- able bits, apparently, that you could get off the plants ? Try again, and don't be so niggardly with the sample. — G. H. Centradenia rosea, Pleris cretica. — H. G. y. 1, Begonia punctata ; 2, B. Hclene Uhder ; 3, Pelar- gonium crispum. — T. Simpson, i. Acacia Riceana ; 2, A. dealbata ; 3, A. verticillata ; 4, A. dodoniasfoHa ; 5, Akebia cjuinata ; 6, Myrsiphyllum medeoloides ; 7, specimen insufficient. Pelargoniums : G. A. The spot is caused by too damp an atmosphere during so long a period of sunless weather. Daring such a period the water should not have been used while intensely cold as it runs from the roof, but the chill should have been taken off by admix- ture with warm, or at least by standing in pots for as long a time as possible in the warmer atmosphere of the house. PoiAANriiK.s TUBEROSA : P. D. This is a native of India, Java, and Ceylon (see Kunth, Eniimcratio, iv., 846). 'There is a Mexican species described, but ^^■e will make further investigation. Puff-ball: G. T. M. Many thanks. The "natives" are quite right. It is a good thing to staunch the blood from a small wound, but we should not care to use it on a large scale. Sheep Manure : M. Goddard. We cannot tell you where you can purchase half-a-ton of this manure, which, so far as we know, is not collected and sold in the ordinary way of trade. Have you no friend amongst the farming class who would let you have it? Sr.VMFOKDLVN Tu.\L\ TO : J. Wilkes. Tlie Tomato recommended by Mr. Miles under this name is the same as Jackson's I'avourite, under which name you will find it in some of the seed catalogues, and espe- cially in that of Messrs. lames Dickson & Son, of 108, Kastgate Street, Chester, who sent it out a year or two ago. Staphvlea colchica : R. IV. We have already commended this plant for its excellent qualities as a forcing shiiib, and illustrated it at p. 117 of our pre- sent volume. The Ruval Horticultural Society : H. G. Q. We do not know the reasons why the offer was not entertained, but we do not doubt that to the Council they appeared \;did ones. The neglect to reply to the conmnuiication, if not a mere oversight, was unbusi- ness-like and rude. Venekv ; A'. Wliat you propose to do would seem to be sufficient. The Vines on the back wall are pro- bably too much shaded to be productive. %* Correspondents are specially requested to address, post-paid, all communications intended for publica- tion to the " Editors," and not to any member of the staff personally. The Editors would also be obliged by such communications being sent as early in the week as possible. Correspondents sending ne\\'b- papers should be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the Editors to see. Letters relating io Advp:k- TISEMENTS, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, aud not to the Editors, t^* Foreign Subscribers sending Post-office Orders are requested to make them payable at the post-office, King Street, Covent Garden, London, and at the same time to inform the Publisher at the office of this . Journal. Catalogues Received :— Joseph Baimiann {5 and 7, Nouvelle-Promenade, Gand, Belgium), Lists of New Plants, Conifers, &C.—J. B. Moore (Concord, Mass., U.S.A.), Catalogue of Small I'Vuits, Asparagus, New Seedhng Grapes, &e. —Messrs. R. and A. Morrison (The Nurseries, Elgin, N.B.), Retail List of Forest and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Plants, &e. — Messrs. Carter & Co. (High Holborn, London), Illustrated Descriptive List of harm Seeds, &c.— H. Hildmann (Berhn, Schul-Slrasse, 40), Catalogue of Succulent Plants. Communications RiicEi\ kd.— A. M.— H. E. W.— R. O. (m.iny thanks) —N. G (next week).^ H. W.— R. T.— B. W. —W. Porter.— Sulphuratus.—W. P.— D. T. F.— J. D.— J. C. -J- L--J. Hart.-R. G.-S. C— P. B.— T. R.-J. H.~ ffitrlvcts. COVENT GARDEN, March 6. A few Strawberries and new Grapes have made their appearance, but there is very little trade for either. The prices of vegetables still keep high, tliough there are signs in some cases of an easier state of things, fames IVebbcr, Wholesale Apple Market, Apples, ^-basket . , Cobs and Filberts, lb, Grapes, per lb. Lemons, per 100 Fruit. s. d. s. d. 16-50 9- Oranges, per too Pears, per doz. 30-80 Pine-apples, pet , ^ 0-10 o I Vegetables. s. d. s. d. lb. s. d. r. d. 40-80 40—80 s. d. s. 4 o- Artichokes, English Globe, doz. .. 20-40 — Jerusalem, bush. 60-., Asparagus, Fr. sprue, per bundle . . i 6- . . — Eng,, per 100 .. 10 0-15 o — Fr. giant, p. bun. 30 o- .. Beans, French, p. 100 30-40 Beet, per doz. .. 10-20 Brus. sprouts, bush. 10 o- .. Cabbages, per doz. .. 10-20 Carrots, per bunch . . 04-06 Caithlluwcrs, per doz. 20-50 Celery, per bundle .. 16-20 Chilis, per 100 .. 20- .. Cucumbers, each ..09-16 Endive, Batav. dozen 16-., Garlic, per lb. ..06-.. Herbs, per bunch . . o z- o 4 Potatos 1 — Regents, looj. to 130J. ; Champions, 80s. to gos. ; Rocks, JOS. to 755. ; Flukes, 120s. to i405'. per ton. Large supplies, and trade heavy. Plants in Pots. s. d. s. d. ! s. d. 5. d. Arum Lily, or Rich- [ Ficus elastica, each 2 6-1 s o ardia cethiop., doz. 9 o-iS o I Foliage Plants, vari- Horse Radish, p. bun. Lettuces, Cabbage, per doz. . . ..16-.. Mint, green, bunch. . 16-.. Onions, per bushel ..40-.. — young, per bun. 04-06 Parsley, per lb. . . z o- 3 o Peas, per quart ..12 o- .. Pot.itos, new, basket 10-.. ' Radishes, Fr-, bunch 06-.. I — New Jersey, doz. 20-.. Rhubarb, doz. ..10 o- .. } Shallots, per lb. .. 06- .. : Seakale, per punnet 26-.. Spinach, per bushel 5 cv-io o . SweetPotatos, per lb. 06-.. Tomatos, per dozen 26-30 Turnips, p. 12 bunch. 30-60 Azaleas, per dozen.. 24 0-60 o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Bouv.-irdias, per doz. iS 0-24 o Camellias, per dozeniS 0-60 o Cinerarias, per doz. 12 0-18 o Cyclamens, per doz. 9 0-30 o Cyperus, per dozen 6 0-12 o Dracaena terminahs 30 0-60 o — viridis, per doz. .. 18 0-24 o Epiphyllum.perdoz.i8 0-60 o Erica hyemalis, doz. 12 0-42 o Euonymus, var., doz. 6 0-18 o Ferns, in var., p. doz. 4 0-18 o Cut Flowers. d. s. d. ous, each . . . . 2 o-io 6 Genista. per dozen .. 12 0-74 o Hyacinths, per doz. 6 0-18 o Mignonette, per doz. 60-90 Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Palms in variety, each . . ..2 6-21 o Pelargoniums, scar- lets, zonal, doz .. 6 0-12 o Primulas, per dozen 4 0-12 o Solanums, per doz. 6 0-18 o Spiraea, per dozen ..12 0-30 o Tulips, per dozen .. 8 0-12 o o 6- 4 0-12 O o 6- I 6 Abutilon, 12 blooms Arum Lilies, i2blms Azaleas, 12 sprays . Bouvardias, per bun. 10-40 Camellias, per dozen 10-60 Carnations, per dozen 16-40 Cineraria, i2bunches g 0-18 o Cyclamen, 12 blooms 03-10 Deutzia, 12 bunches 6 0-12 o Epiphyllum, 12 blms. 10-30 Euchiris. per doz. .. 4 0-12 o Euph.irbia. 12 sprays 30-60 Gardenias, 12 blms. 12 0-24 o Heliotropes, 12 sp. ..06-10 Hyacinths, 12 spks. 4 0-12 o — Roman, 12 spks. 06-20 s. d. s. d. Lily of Val., 12 sprays 20-60 Mignonette, 12 bun. 6 0-12 o Narcissus, paper- white, 12 sprays .. 10-20 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 16-30 — zonal, 12 sprays 10-20 Primula, double, per bunch .. ..09-16 — single, 12 bunch. 6 0-12 o Roses (indoor), doz. 3 0-12 o Snowdrops, 12 bun. 10-60 Tropaeolum, 12 bun. 20-60 Tuberoses, per dozen 30-60 Tulips, 12 blooms .. 10-30 Violets, 12 bunches 30-60 t^ SEEDS. London : March 5. — Although field work is still greatly in arrear, and a spell of dry open weather is required to deprive the soil of its present excess of mois- ture, there is, nevertheless, nnich more inquiry for farm seeds, and a sharp consumptive demand may shortly l.ie expected. With regard to Clover seed no alteration can be noted : samples of English continue in good supply, and prices are very moderate. There is a scarcity here of American seed, still the stock on hand is quite equal to the demand. White Clover keeps steady at the late advance ; in Alsike there is for the moment but little business doing. A decided rise has during the last few days taken place in Trefoil, and a large quantity of seed has been changing hands ; to-day's quotations are fully \s. per cwt. above those of a week ago. For perennial and Italion Rye grasses there is a fair inquiry on former terms. Spring Tares on the spot seem about exhausted ; currencies have consequently tended against the buyer. Hemp and Canary seed are both steady, but the con- sumption of both these articles is small. White Millet, being good and cheap, attracts attention. For blue Peas there is an improved sale at full prices. John Shaw ^ Sons, Seed Merchants, ^j, Mark Lane, London, E.G. POTATOS. From the Borough and Sj^italfields markets we learn that there were larger supplies of Potatos, and quotations are 5J-. to 10s. per ton lower. Good Potatos move off steadily. Regents, gy. to 120.^. ; I'ocks, 65J. to 75J. ; champions, 705. to 95.^. ; Victorias, iios. to T30X. ; flukes, iTO-f. to 130J. per ton. — -The imports into London last week comprised 62,197 bags from Hamburg, 1634 Boulogne, 2800 Bremen, 4414 Antwerp, 3623 Ghent, 207 Rotterdam, 143 Dunkirk, and 67 Rouen. COALS. The market for house coals \\as dull on Monday, and prices fell i^. per ton. Hartleys gave way 6d. The quotations for Wednesday's business were as follows : — Bedside West HarUey, 13.1-. yi. ; Walls End— Hetton, i8jr. ; Hetton Lyons, i4J-. 9^/. ; Hawthorns, 14J. g*/. ; Original Hartlepool, iSj-. ; South Hetton. i8i. ; Tunstall, 14J-. ^d. ; ICast Hartlepool, ijs. t^d. ; Salvias' 'Hutton, 17.T. ; Thornley, lys. ^d. ; Radford Navigation, 15.V. gd. ^ DANIELS BROS; DUKE OF EDINBURGH" CUCUMBER. " T/if finest ill Cultivation:'' DANIELS BROS.' "Duke of Edinburgh" Cucumber. Per Packet, \s. U. and 2s. 6,i. Trade price on application. A m;igiiificcnt variety, of a fine robust constitution ; its fruit growing rapidly to the length of 30 to 36 inches, being at the same lime of the most beautiful proportions and splendid quality. Immensely prolific, and unrivalled for exhibition or general use. D^&NTIIIS^BRO •^ 9 EX^CHANCE S ^ "^^fflrng mmwifrb-. wmf k: 312 THE -r GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. tMARcH 8, i8?9. WM. PAUL & SON, (Successors to the late A. Paul & Son, Established 1806,) ROSE GROWERS, TREE, PLANT, BULB, AND SEED MERCHANTS. WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS. Adjoining the *' Waltham " Station, Great Eastern Railway. Inspection of Stock invited. Priced Descriptive Catalogues free by post. COLLECTIONS Of these Superior SEEDS From lOs. 6d. to Five Guineas eacli. Carriage free. Illustrated Lists free. LEICESTER RED CELERY, is. per packet. The best and hardiest in cultivation. yjist received. Testimonial from I K-^. Wathali., Long Eaton, Feb. iS, 1879. " I had the best Celery (Leicester Red) in the whole town last year, from your seed, and the best I ever had in my possession." Testimonial /rem H. J. Greenhough, Esq., Mayisfield, January 10, 1879. ** It is the best Celery I can obtain.' HABBISON &, SONS, SEED GROWERS, LEICESTER. THE ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT ^^^^ EST. isn^'^^^^ SEED POTATOS. SPECIAL OFFEB. In I C7vt> Bags. Per Cwt. — s. d. NAPOLEON, Rough Red 12 o CHAMPION OF THE WORLD 12 o MAGNUM BONUM (SUTTON'S) 16 o MYATTS ASHLEAF 14 o TRUE OLD ASHLEAF 21 o FLUKE 12 o EARLY ROSE no IMPROVED PEACHBLOW 21 o REDSKIN FLOURBALL 10 o PATERSON'S VICTORIA KING NOBLE 14 25 Five Intttiirsd othe} kiruis in stock. No charge for bags. Free on rail, Norwich, on receipt of Post- office Order or Cheque. Much cheaper by the ton. DANIELS BROS. \u%v:t'A'j.-^^ *N0RWIGM. vecetableiflowerseeds Seed PotatosToois&c JAMESDICKSON&SONS ^EEDf GROWERS. |^||We^| TO THE TRADE. SEED POTATOS for cultivation m the FIELD or GARDEN. H. & F. Sharpe Have a very fine Stock of all the following ENGLISH varieties of SEED POTATOS, which hold their own against most of the American and English varieties of recent introduction, being far superior in quality and very productive : — RIVERS' ROYAL ASHLEAF KIDNEY, MVATT'S PROLIFIC ASHLEAF KIDNEY, ROBSON'S CHALLENGE ROUND, EARLY DALMAHOY ROUND, RINTOUL'S WHITE DON, WALKER'S IMPROVED REGENT, EARLY ROUND FRAME, DRUMMOND'S EARLY PROLIFIC, EARLY OXFORD, EARLY FOXE'S SEEDLING, EARLY KING. EARLY FLOURBALL. For Prices and further particulars apply to H. & F. SHARPE, SEED-GROWERS, WISBECH. TREE FERNS and PALMS. ^^^ THE LARGEST AND BEST STOCK IN EUROPE. ^M™?^ ALSO MANY OTHER *•-** MAGNIFICENT SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, Adapted for the Decoration of Conservatories and Greenhouses, or suited for Sub-tropical Gardening. V^^ILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Respectfully Invites the Nobility and Gentry to an inspection of the above. ESTABLISHMENT FOR NEW AND RARE PLANTS, KINGS ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. THE LAYING DOWN OF LAND FOR PASTURE. AGROSTOGRAPHIA, THE BEST TREATISE on the CULTIVATED GRASSES: NEW EDITION WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. MAY BE HAD OF THE LAWSON SEED AND NURSERY COMPANY (LIMITED), EDINBUEGH AND LONDON. NOW READY, GRATIS AND POST-FREE, Dick Radclyffe & Co.'s JPfll ZeMeD^jAL Se E D S L O N O O N_ ,j,_ XV^T ^\x> VIENNA.^ ', . ILLUSTRATED i#r VEGETABLE, FLOWER, CATALOGUE ^^^A agricuItural OF ^m^i^ SEEDS, CONTAINING ALL THE NOVELTIES OF THE SEASON. D. R. & CO.'S COLLECTIONS OF VEGETABLE SEEDS. Judiciously selected, and only approved kinds included. For detailed list oj contents see Catalogue. No. I contains a Season's supply in sufficient quantities for a very large Garden No. 2 „ „ „ „ large Garden No. 3 „ „ „ „ medium-sized Garden No. 4 „ „ „ „ small Garden Discount, packing, and carriage free, as per terms of Catalogue. FLOWER SEEDS, in Collections, 42^-., 2i.f., loj. 6d., and 5.5. each, post-free. s. d. 63 o 42 o 21 O 10 6 DICK RADCLYFFE & CO., 128 and 139, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C. March 8, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 313 THERE WAS ONLY ONE GREAT INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF POTATOS AT PARIS. NO OTHER ENGLISH HOUSE WAS AWARDED A GOLD MEDAL EOR POTATOES AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION. "^cTo^ !MrERS'^/7/i3r AND THE HIGHEST PRIZE AND GOLD MEDAL WAS AWARDED TO CARTERS, AND TO NO OTHER ENGLISH SEED-HOUSE. ^CHANGE OF SEED\ ILLTTSTBATED CATALOGUES OF POTATOS GRA TIS and POST-FREE. LISTS GRATIS/ \&POST FrFe/ Iu^'p'l'^d'to RRH. the Prince of Wales. THE Queen's Seedsmei^. HICHHOLBORNaONDON OF POTATOS AT PARIS. [Set other side). WONDERFUL POTATO CROP. Mr. PENNY, Head Gar- dener to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, has produced 15 TONS of handsome POTATOS of CARTER'S Improved Magnum Bonum in a Field Crop of 2 Acres, This is not the result of a Small Trial Plot. All Potatos are twice hand-sorted, and all mis-shaped tubers discarded. Planting Season. E BURGESS begs to offer the following: — • Strong Slandard PEARS, Standard-trained APRI- COTS, Turkey and English 0\K, English and Scotch ELMS, LIMES up to 12 feet. BEECH up to 7 feet, and a geneial Nursery Stock. Prices on application. The Nurseries, London Road, Cheltenham. SPECIAL CHEAP OFFER of HARDY GROUND ORCHIDS, &c. Sound this year's flowering Bulbs and Crowns, at 6s. per loo, of Adonis vernahs, Asarum curopaeum. Anemone Pulsatilla, A. ranunculoidcs, A. sylvestris, Crypripedium calceolus. Con- vallaria bifolia, C. multiflorum, C. polygonatum, Epipactis latifolia, E. palustris, E. rubiginosa. Hepalica alba, H. ccerulea, H. rubra, Gymnadenia conopsea, G. odoratissima, Listera ovata, Lilium Martagon, Orchis latifolia, O. mascula, O. maculata, O. Morio. Orobus vtrnus, Pyrola rotundifolia, Platanthera bifolia alba, P. chlorantha, TroUius europceus. At loj. per loo :^Convallaria verticillatum, Gondyera repens, Cephaianthera rubra. C pallens, Orchis pallens, O. fasca, O. militaris, Opbrys myoides. At aoi. per loo -.—Cephaianthera ensifolia, Orchis incarnata, O. sambucina, O. ustulata. At j(^z per loo :— Hepatica coerulea fl.-pl. : Lilium Martagon album. Cheaper by the thousand. Orders executed in strict rotation. H. B. SMITH, Kingsfield Nursery. Woking. Surrey. Special Offer to the Trade. SURPLUS STOCK on SALE, as the land must be cleared by Lady Day next ; all fine healthy plants — many limes transplanted ; — Fruit Trees. CHERRIES, Halt-standards, very strong, 5^. per dozen, 40J. per too PEARS, Half-standards, very strong, 4 to 5 feet, 6s. per dozen. 455. per 100 „ Pyramids, very strong, 3 to 4 feet, 5^. per dozen, 30J. per 100 CURRANTS, Black Naples, strong, "js. per ico, 60^. per 1000. Forest Trees. BEECH, 4 to 5 feet, strong. 8j. per 100 ; 5 to 6 feet, strong, i6j. per 100 ; 6 to 8 feet, strong, 25^. per 100 ; 8 to 10 feet, strong, soj-. per 100 CHESTNUTS, Horse, 6 to 8 feet, strong, i6j. per 100 ; 8 to 10 feet, strong, 60s. per 100 ,, Scarlet, 5 to 6 feet, strong, 6s. per dozen ; 6 to 8 feet, strong, los. per dozen. LIMES, a to 3 feet, strong, -zs. 6d. per 100 ; 3 104 feet, strong, $s. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet, strong, 8^. per 100 ; 5 to 6 feet, strong, 15J. per 100 ; 6 to 8 feet, strong, 255. per 10c. Evergreen Shrubs. BOX, Green, i to ij^ foot, 3S. per dozen, izs. per 100. YEWS, English, 9 to 12 inches, Zs. per 100 ; 1% to \%, foot, los. 6d. per 100 ; i to 2 feet, i2J. per ico ; 2 to 3 feet, >oj. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 40J. per 103 ; 3 to 4 feet, 6s. per dozen. B. WHETHAM. The Nurseries, Reddish, near Stockport. "^^cTfi^ anQ ^ feet, 22J. 6d. per 1000. POPLAR, Balsam, 1% to 5 feet, 305. per 1000. „ Black Italian, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 1000. PRIVET, oval-leaved, twice transplanted, i% to 2 feet, %os. per 1000. RHODODENDRONS, 3-yi. seedling, ss. per 1000 ; 3-yr. and a-yr. bedded, 205. per 1000 ; 6 to 10 inches, extra trans- planted, 70J. per 1000 : ilo O/i foot, 130J. per 1000. ,, ferrugineum. bushy, 15^. per 100. .. hirsutum, bushy, 15J. per 100. SPRUCE FIR. 1% 10 2 feet, 2U. per looo. Also other NURSERY STOCK as per LIST. Samples on application at The Nurseries, Matlock. 314 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 8, 1879. The Lovely Cape Water LUy, APONOGETON DISTACHYON.— Strong native roots, 14^. and -us. per dozeo, \s, dd. and 2a. 6rf, each. Price to the trade on application. HOOPER ANU CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C. To the Trade. r^LEMATIS JACKMANNI, V^ and other good sorts, 45^. per 100. ROSES, Standard, 3 to 4 feet stems, 6oj. per 100. PEARS, Standard, 6oj. per joo. CHERRIES, Standard, qos. per 100. PLUMS, Early Orleans, 2-yr. Pyramid, $os, per 100. PEACHES and NECTARINES, Maiden, 40J. per 100. All good Plants and true to name. JAMES TILLIER, Nurseryman, Ilrox, Chertscy. Surrey. CRANSTON'S NURSERIES Established 1785. EIGHTY ACRES. ROSES, FRUIT TREES, CONIFERS, FOREST TREES, &c. Descriptive and Priced Catalo^ic for 1878 now ready. Address — CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD. DlCKSONg^SONS, Tli/Uptmi' Nurseries01ll.!^i \Ax . VEGETABLE&'ROWRSEEDS. SecdMatoos 8 GanieuRequisites. QUALITY UNSURPASSED.CARRIACE FREE. JllustraUd CatalarjnesFcsLFree. pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, as V.7 supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society.— Four-bushel b,ag (bag included), rj. ; 30 bags (bags included), 2oi. ; truck free to rail, 251. RICH (late Finlayson & Hector), Cocoa-Nut Fibre Works, 04 and 25, Redman's Row, Mile End Read, London, E. pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.— V^* Reduced Price :— In 4 bushel bags, bags included, at is., or truckload of about 250 bushels, 251. (truckload delivered free to rail in London). Post-office Order or Cheque will oblige with all orders.— J. STEVENS AHD CO., Greyhound Yard, and 134. High Street, Battersea, S.Vi\ GARDEN REQUISITES.— COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, as supplied to Her Majesty and most, of the leading Nurserymen and Gardeners. yi. per bushel ; 100 for 20J. ; truck (loose, 250 bush.), 3CM. 4.bushel bags, ^d. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. (d. per sack; 5 sacks, 25.?. : 12 for 45^., or 361. per toa BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, y. per sack, 5 sacks 22J. ; 12 for 40^., or 34^. pet ton : sacks, ^d. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, is. <)d. per bushel; 131. half ton, 26s. per ton ; in t cwt. bags. 4 .'. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT MOULD, and LEAF MOULD, ij, per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, is. bd. per sack. Manures, Garden Sticks, Virgin Cork, Tobacco Cloth and Paper. Russia Mats. &c. Write for free PRICE LIST. Goods free to rail. H. G. SMYTH, 10, Castle Street, Endell Street. Long Acre.W.C. EAT SOIL, PEAT SOI L.— BROWN FIBROUS, good quality, for Orchids, Pot Plants, Ferns, &c., £,(> 6s. per truck. BLACK, good quality for American Plants, Rhododendrons. Azaleas, Heaths. &c., 17s. per ton, or 6-ton truck for jCi los. Delivered on rail at Black- water, S.E.R., or Camberley, S. W.R., by the truckload. Cash with order. Sample sack, 5s. dd., or four sacks. 20s. HOLDER AND SON, Crown Nurseries, Reading. PEAT, Black or Brown Fibrous, of superior quality for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Orchids. &c., at i\ 4S. per 6-ton truck, put on rail at Camberley Station, South-Western Railway. — Address, W. TARRY, Bagshot, Surrey. Fibrous Peat for Orchids, &c. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids. Stove Plants, S:c., £6 6s. per truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 15s. per ton. Delivered on rail at Elackwater, S. E. R., or Farnborough, S. W. R., by the truckload. Sample bag, i,s. ; 5 bags, 2or. ; 10 bags, 36^. Bags, ^d. each. Fresh SPHAGNUM, loj. 6d. per bag. WALKER AND CO., Farnborough Station, Hants. I L L E R AND JOHNSON (Established 1855) Manufacture the highest quality of ARTIFICIAL MANURES For Root, Corn, and Grass Crops. 36. Mark Lane, London, CLAY'S FERTILISER, Or PLANT FOOD, Is now respectfully offered to the Public, after having been thoroughly tested and approved, during the last three years, by the principal Market Growers and Gardeners. It is a powerful and lasting Manure, quick in action, and clean and safe to use. See correspondence in Gardeners' Chronicle, Oct. 5, 12, 19, and 26. To be had of Seedsmen, Nurserymen, and Florists, in packets, is. ; and in bags, J< cwt., 7s. €d. ; % cwt., \'2S.bd. ; icwt.,20^. : or by letter addressed to 174. High Street, Homerton, London, E. References can be given to over 200 of the principal Nurserymen and Florists. M rri ISHURST COMPOUND.— vjT Used by many of the leading Gardeners since 1859, against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips. Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from i to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressing for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Sold Retail by Seedsmen in Boxes, zs., 3J., and loj. 6d. Wholesale by PRICE'S P.'VTENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). Under Royal Patronage, and by tlie Nobility, Gentry, CLERGY. NURSERYMEN, HORTICULTURISTS, GARDENERS, &c. SELECTED SILVER SAND, PEAT, LOAM, SPHAGNUM PALUSTRE, &c , on Sale, by railway truckloads and in casks and new sacks— at moderate prices. Forwarded toall parts of the United Kingdom and abroad. WILLIAM SHORT. Horticultural Depot, Reigate, Surrey. Established 1S62. ENUINE TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER, for Fumigating Greenhouses and Destroying the Fly, \s. per pound, in dry condition and ready for use. Special rates to large consumers. P.O.O. payable 165, Blackfriars Road. (Established 1834.) JOSEPH BAKER, 14. Nelson Square, S.E. A JAMES' Genuine Roll-made TOBACCO • RAG and PAPER, for Fumigating Greenhouses, has always given great satisfaction to those who use it. Read testi- monials, post-free. loii. per pound : to the trade, 5 per cent, re- duction.—44, Hampton Street. Walworth Road, London, S.E. To Nurseiymen and Seedsmen. GENUINE ROLL TOBACCO PAPER in packets ; also CLOTH, as supplied to most of the London Nurserymen and Seedsmen. Trade price very low. J. GEORGE, Putney Heath, London. ANDERSON'S RUSSIA MATS For COVERING, TYING, and PACKING, are highly recommended for durability and cheapness.^ De- scriptive Catalogue sent post-free on application. SACKS and BAGS of every description. TARPAULINS. HORSE- CLOTHS. ROPES. LINES, and TWINES.-JAMES T. ANDERSON. 149, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, London, E. ARCHANGEL AND PETERSBURG MAT MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. All the usu.al kinds at reduced rates. SACJKS and SEED BAGS new and second-hand, of every description. RAFFIA FIBRE, NETTING and TIFFANY. TARPAULINS. RICK. COVERS. HORSE-CLOTHS, ROPES, LINES and TWINES. Piice LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, London. E.G. Wholesale Russia Mat Merchants. MARENDAZ AND FISHER, Importers of ARCHANGEL and ST. PETERSBURG MAT.S, RAFFIA FIBRE, &c. Manufacturers of TANNED NETTING, TIFFANY, and other Garden Requisites, g, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C. iSpi '■:iillilBlil# Rosher's Garden Edging Tiles. T HE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in _ materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they harbour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do "grown'' Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c.. in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO, Manufacturers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfriars, S.E. : King's Read, Chelsea, S.W. ; Kingsland Road, E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES," PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES : also for FOX LEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies, &c. , from 35. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheets of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TiLES, for Lining Walls of Dairies, Larders, Kitchen Ranges, I5aths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c. T. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SI L ~V E R S~A N D, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by Post per Ton or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. DOULTON AND CO., Manufacturers of IMPERISHABLE GARDEN EDGING, Of various patterns, in Terra Cotta, Stoneware, & Blue Staffordshire Ware VASES, PEDEST.ILS. PEND.-iNTS. b-c, In Terra Cotta and Doulton Ware. Illustrated LISTS and Special Prices on application. ChUf Offices: High Street, Lambeth, S.E. Depots : Wood Street, Birmingham ; 100. Soho Street, Liverpool ; and Hope Street, Salford. Manit/actories: Lambeth. Staffordshire, and Lancashire. Gi.ARDEN BORDER TILES Z^ T STABLE and COACH-HOUSE PAVINGS in every variety. Terra Cotta, Earthenware Pipes. Encaustic Tiles (any colour), Roofing and Ridge Tiles, Gutters, Chimney Pots, Sanitary Ware, String Couises, and Bricks of all descriptions. Large Stock at Maiden Lane. L. & N.W.R., York Road, King's Cross, N.W. Price Lists free. W. L. MUIR AND CO., Head Office. 36, Strand, W.C. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c., Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities, of BETHAM & SON, 9, LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C. B. S: Son have always a large Stock in London of 20-in. by 12-in., 2o-in. by 14-in., 20-in. by i6-in., 20-in. by iS-in., in i6-oz, S: 21-oz. "horticultural window GLASS. A large variety of sizes, 15-oz., \zs. 6d. ; 21-oz., 16s. td.^ per 100 feet. Large sizes, in Cases, for Cutting up — 15-oz. 4ths, 30J. ; 3ds, 40^. per :ioo feet ; — 21-oz. 4ths, 30^; 3ds., 40*. per 200 feet.— ALFRED SVER, Glass, Lead, Zinc, Oil and Colour Merchant, 8, Pentonville Road, London, N. ELL I WELL'S PATENTED NEW SYSTEM of AIR and WATER-TIGHT IMPERISHABLE GLAZING. All Woodwork is covered, and no outside Painting is required. Old Roofs Reglazed. Any one can repair or take in pieces. " It is suitable for Railway Stations, Mills, Weaving Sheds, 8:c. , but is specially applicable to Conservatories, Plant Houses, and Orchard Houses, and we should be very much inclined to try the systeni. It is certainly worth looking to."— The Builder. " And will, in our opinion, supersede any other similar system before the public."— 5.v;7^/;/^ I\'c2os. "It seems to meet the end in view more nearly than any- thing we have seen yet." — The Field. 7, Mark Latie, London, Nov. 14, 1878. "Dear Sir, — I cannot see what Testimonial you can require from me, than the fact that I have taken off all my putty glazings, and removed Rendle's work to replace it with yours. Any one seeing the two systems would say that yours is far the superior, and that nothing yet out can touch it. — Yours, *'T. W. Helhwell, Esq., Brighouse. " W. R. Preston." For Estimates, Drawings, or Particulars, apply to the Patentee. T. "W. HELLIWELL, Brighouse, Yorkshire : or, 19. Parliament Street, London. W.C. Accidents Occur Dally— Accidents of all Kinds Provided against by a Policy ot the r)AILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE V COMPANY.— The Oldest and Largest Accidental Assurance Company. The Right Hon. Lord Kinnaird, Chairman. Subscribed Capital, £1,000,030. Annual Income. ;C2t4.ooo. A fixed sum in case of Death by Accident, and % Weekly Allowance in the event of Injury, may be secured at moderate Premiums. Bonus allowed to Insurers of five years* standing. ;Ci. 350.000 have been paid as compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or 64. CornhiU, London. WILLIAM J. VI AN, Secretary. IMPROVEMENT Of"lANDED ESTATES, By DRAINAGE, ENCLOSING. CLEARING, The ERECTION of FARM BUILDINGS and COTTAGES WATER SUPPLY. &c. The Land Loan and Enfranchisement Co. (Incorporated by Special Act of Parliament) ADV.4NCES AW.VEY: ist. — To the OWNERS of SETTLED and OTHER ESl'ATES, for the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages, and for the Drainage, Irrigation, Enclosing, Clearing and General Improvement of Landed Property in any part of the United Kingdom. 2d. — To the OWNERS of SETTLED ESTATES in ENGLAND, for the Erection or Completion of Mansions, Stables, and Outbuildings, and for the Construction or Erection of Reservoirs, and other Works of a permanent nature, to supply Water for the use of the Estate, or for any other purpose. 3d.— To LANDOWNERS generally, to enable them to subscribe for Shares in Companies for the Construction of Rail- ways and Navigable Canals, which will beneficially aflfect their Estates. , . 4th.— To INCUMBENTS, for the Improvement of their Glebe Lands, by Drainage, and the Erection of Farm Buildm.^s and Cottages. 5th.— To COPYHOLDERS, for the Enfranchisement of Copyhold Lands. The amount borrowed, with the expenses, would be charged on the Estate benefited, and repaid by a rent-ch.arge, termi- nating in twenty-five years. No Investigation of the Landowner's Title is necessary. Forms of application, and all further particulars may DC obtained of Messrs. RAWLENCE and SQUAREY, 52, Great GeorRe Street, Westminster, S.W.. and Salisbury; of Messrs. ASHURST. MORRIS, CRISP and CO.. 6. Old Jewry, London. EC. : of Messrs. GILLESPIE and P.-iTERSON, W.S.. SiA. George Street, Edinburgh. Agents for the Company in Scotland : and at the Offices of the Comp.any. as below. T. PAIN, Manacing Director. EDWIN GARRbD, Secretary. Land Loan and Enfranchisement Company. 22, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W. March 8, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 315 "ONES'S PATENT "DOUBLE L' SADDLE BOILER. These Boilers possess all the advantages of the old Saddle Boiler, with the following improvements — viz., the water-space at back and over top of saddle increases the heating surface to such an extent that a " PATENT DOUBLE L SADDLE BOILER" will do about twice the amount of work with the same quantity of fuel ; the cost of setting is also considerably reduced, and likewise the space occupied ; at the same time these Boilers are simple in construction, and bein,2[ made of wrought-iron are not liable to crack. They are made of the following sizes : — Sizes. To heat of 4-in. Pipe. Price. High. Wide. Long. Feet. .£ s. d. 20 in. 18 in. 18 in. 300 7 0 o 20 ,, 18 „ ' 24 ,, 400 800 20 ., 18 „ 30 „ 500 900 34 .. =4 ,. 24 „ 700 12 0 0 24 » -4 „ 30 ., 850 14 0 0 24 .. 24 .> 36 „ 1000 16 0 0 24 » 24 ., 48 „ 1400 20 0 0 28,. 28 „ 60 „ J 800 25 0 0 Larger sizes if required. From Mr. Charles Young, Nurseries^ Balhatn Hilly S.W., May 29, 1S73. " Having given your Patent * Double L ' Boilers a fair trial at myNurseries, I beg to say that they are most satisfactory. I consider them the best in use, and without doubt the most economical of all boilers; they will burn the refuse of other tubular boilers I have in work." PRICE LISTS of HOT-WATER PIPES and CONNEC- TIONS, with Boilers, of all sizes and shapes ; or ESTIMATES for HOT-WATER APPARATUS, erected complete, will be sent on application. J. JONES AND SONS, Iron Merchants, 6, Bankside, South- wark, London, S.E. When ordering Boilers please refer to the above advertisement. THE GRAVEL- WALK METAL SCRAPER MATS.— They improve the appearance of Entrances, are suitable for all kinds of Gravel-walk Entrances, in all weathers, either to remove the loose grit afier summer showers, or the dirt or suow of winter. Their texture gives a firm hold to the feet in whatever direction you stc/>. They are the width of an ordinary step, and being directly in the path cannot escape use, save much wear in other mats, floorcloths, and carpets, and their endurance is incalculable. Lengths, 2 feet 3 inches, price 10s. : 2 feet 6 inches, i-2S. ; 3 feet, 14.S. ; 3 feet 4 inches, iSs. ; 3 feet S inches, iZs. ; 4 feet, 20s. AH 12 inches wide. Tidcombe's Patent Gravel-walk I\Ietal Scraper Mats are suitable for Mansions, Villas, French Casements, Conservatories, Hothouses, Greenhouses, Flower Gardens, Kitchen Gardens, Places of Worship, Colleges, Schools, Manufactories, Hotels, Public Institutions, and all Entrances leading from Sandy, Gritty, or Gravel Walks. Delivered on Railway on receipt of re- mittance,payable to G. TIDCOMBE and SON.Watford, Herts, RICHAKDSON'S PATENT HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS SECTION or PATENT ROOF VENTILATOR. Illustrations, Price Lists, and Testimonials free. Hot-water Apparatus fixed In any part of the Kingdom, and guaranteed. W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders & Hot-water Engineers, DARLINGTON. Glasshouses. BW. WARHURST (late Hereman& Morton) • will give Prices for all kinds of HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS IN WOOD, on receipt of particuUirs. Price Lists free. A Pamphlet for three stamps. B. W. WARHURST, 43, Highgate Road, London, N.W. THE Salisbury Combination Secretaires. FOLEY'S PATENT. No. 2D. 6 ft 9 in by 3 ft 3 m. THE SALISBURY COMBINATION SECRETAIRES are adapted to all purposes and classes of society. Combine the uses of Bookcases, Bureaus, China Cabinets, Cellaret, Sideboards, Escritoires, Secretaires, S:c. Every part is utilised, the floor space is the same, whether open or closed. These Secretaires are elegant and original in design and con- struction, and destined to become the Cabinet of the age. List of Prices a7id Illustrations of other Combinations can- be obtained of the Patentee and Manufacturer. ARTHUR FOLEY, FISHERTON MACHINE CABINET WORKS, SALISBURY. r> ALPH WALLER and CO., 45, Dale Street, ^ Manchester, Manufacturer of all kinds of GARDEN netting. &c., for protecting Fruit Trees from Frost ; also HOTHOUSE SHADINGS of various thicknesses, supe- rior to any other yet discovered for Lightness, Strength, and Durability, standing, as they do, all weathers. TIFFANY of various kinds always on hand. Netting and Shading in pieces 30 yards long, by lYz yard wide. Tiffany in pieces 20 yards long, 38 inches wide. Also Tiffany mineralised. NETTING, No. i, i,d. per stiuare yard ; No. 2, i^^d. ; No. 3, ^^^'zd. HOTHOUSE SHADINGS. FINE NETTING, ^d. per square yard ; No. 6a, Zd. \ No. 6. <^d. : No. 6, improved, (^Yzd, TIFFANY, No. 1, 3^. dd. per piece. Mineralised, i^s. ; No. 2, 4J. td. per piece, Slineralised, 5,5. Samples on application. BROWN'S FLORAL SHADING. —A Protection for the Bloom of Wall Trees from frost. .11 d for Shading Plants under Glass from the sun. Sold by Nur- serymen and Seedsmen. Prices and samples on application to BROWN AND CO. Hate Charles Brown), Greenheys, Manchester. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. NEW PORTABLE LEAN-TO POULTRY HOUSE. The Night House is made of wood, painted green outside and lime-whited inside, with run underneath for shade and shelter ; new O.G.-shaped galvanised roof, which is very orna- mental, and affords good ventilation ; fitted with shifting perches, sliding window, large door and lock for attendant, small door for fowls, and hen ladder, no nest boxes. Strong galvanised Wire Run, with corrugated iron roof, door, and lock, and all necessary bolts and nuts complete. P rice s^Carriage paid to any raihvay station in England : ist size. No 7, with run complete, 12 feet long, i^7 5 o with run complete, 12 feet long. 4 feet wide 2d size, No. 8, 5 feet wide 3d size. No. g ith run complete, 16 feet long, 6 feet wide .. .. .. .. .. -. 1200 J^ram Edward Charles Walton, Esq., Ncivnham Farm, Ryde. " Dear Sirs,— I am glad to have the opportunity of saying how thoroughly well satisfied I have been with the Poultry House, No. 7, I purchased from you. It is most commodious, well made, and highly suited for the successful rearing of poultry." New Illustrated CATALOGUE of POULTRY FENCING, POULTRY HOUSES, COOPS, DOG HOUSES, 8:c., free on application. To avoid delay, cash or reference from new Customers is respectfully requested. BOULTON AND PAUL, Norwich. A Crop of Fruit in Spite of Frost. PARHAM'S PATENT GLASS COPING. Many miles are in use. Testimonials and Prospectus free. Price, with 21.0Z. glass and painted iron framing, z feet wide Q.S. 6d. : 3 feet wide, 3^. o^- per foot run. Orders amounting to ^3 carriage paid. WM. PARHAM, Northgate Works, Bath, and 280, Oxford Street, London. W. Specimens on view at either address. FRIGI DOMO. FRIGI DOMO. Registered. Registered. MADE FROM PREPARED HAIR AND WOOL. .'/ perfii-i Non-conductor of Heat, keeping, itihcrcvcr it is applied, an even temperature. Patronised by Her Majesty the Queen, for Windsor Castle and Frogmore Gardens; the Duke OF Nokthumuekland ; DukeofDevonshiki! : the late Sir J. Paxton, for the Crystal Palace ; late Dr. Lindley, for the Horticultural Gardens, i;c. Mr. J. WlLLAED, Gardener to the Baroness Burdett Coutts, writes : — " With respect to the ' Frigi Domo.' I consider it one of the best covering materials we have. It is light and warm, and not injured by wet to the extent of most other covering materials— in fact I have a roll at the present time which has been in use three winters. I find it especially uselul in low heated structures, as it is readily put on, and proves a great saving in the way of artificial heat. For this purpose, in my opinion, it is preferable to mats, and will last more than twice as long. — Holly Lodge Garden, December 16, 1S78. Introduced by ifie late Elisha T. Akchek, more tlmit Twenty Years ago. Cut in any Lengths required. To be h.-id of all Nurserymen and Florists. For price list*, particulars Address* BENJAMINRDGINGTON 2 Duke ST KA. London BfJ/oaE HILIj & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL IRON WORKS, S TA FFORDSHIRE j 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.G.; and 180, BUCHANAN STREET, GLASGOW. GALVANISED FITTINGS Wiring Garden Walls£ Training Fruit Trees. Admitted by every practical gardener to be an immense im- provement upon the old system of nails and shreds, no damage being done to the wall, and the tying being effected in a much better manner and in a quarter of the time ; all the fittings are galvanised, thus making them imperishable. PRICES. s, d. GALVANISED EYES for Guiding the Wires upon the Walls o 4 per dozen. GALVANISED TERMINAL HOLD- FASTS ; two required for each line of wire . . . . . . . ■ ..19 ,, GALVANISED RAIDISSEURS, for Straining the Wires WINDING KEY for same EYE BOLTS, to use instead of Raidis- seurs Best No. 14 GALVANISED WIRE 4 each. o per dozen, o per 100 yards. Carriage faid upon all Orders of ^os. and uP'.natds. BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, Patentees and JManufacturers of Wrought Iron CONTINUOUS BAR FENCING. Iron Hurdles, Strained Wire Fencing, Field and Entrance Gates, Tree Guards, Sc, VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON, and 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London, E.G. Catalogues free on application. 3i6 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 8, 1879, THE SOLE HIGHEST AWARD AT THH PARIS EXHIBITION, GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. THE SILVER MEDAL AND THE REPORT OF THE JURY (As ofBclally Intimated to them by the President) That J. B. BROWN & CO.'s Netting was the Best in the Exhibition. Also Sole Prize Medals at Vienna, 1873, Philadelphia Centennial, 1876. PRICES REDUCED ONE-THIRD. Prices per Lineal Yard, 24 inches high. Size of Mesh. 2 in. 16 in. IJin. Mostly used for Dogs or Poultry . . Small Rabbits, &c. Smallest Rabbits . 1 in. Pheasantries } in. 2 in. \ in. Aviaries O M d. 1\ 18 3 31 63 3 V s 'o J. d.\ 3 '.7 3ii7 4i'i7 8i'l7 9 1 19 IOJ18 1 21 120 1 4 J. d. 4 41 BJ lOS 1 03 ■9 1 6 1 8 I20 1 94 19! 2 0 .*. See "Field" of this week, 'estahllshins Messrs. Brown & Co.'s claim to The Sole Highest Awards for Galvanised Wire Netting at both the Parts and Philadelphia Exhibitions. Messrs. BROWN and CO.'s PRICE LIST of GALVANISED WIRE NETTING, FENCING, &c., for 1879, is now in the press, and will be published in the course of a few days. J. B. BROWN & CO., 90, CANNON STREET, LONDON. HIGHEST AWARD. GOLD~MEDAL TO J. J. THOMAS & CO. Parts Exhibition, 1878, For Wire applied to Horticultural Purposes. PEA AND SEED GUARDS. GREAT SUCCESS. REDUCED PRICES. SEASON 1879. Superior Quality. Galvanised after made. NEW PATTERN WITH DIAGON.\L STAYS. No. 76. 3 feet long, 6 inches wide, 6 inches high. Price 7s. 6d. per dozen. The above are strongly recommended, being much smaller in the mesh than the ordinary diamond pattern, and proof against the smallest birds. Orders executed on receipt. Illustrated and Priced Catalogues of Horticultural Wirework and Fittings for Wiring Walls on application. Ten per Cent, discount allowed for cash with order. special quotations for large quantities. J. J. THOMAS & CO., Paddington Iron and Wireworks, 285 and 362, EDGWARE ROAD. LONDON, W. P.O. Orders to be made payable at 310, Edgware Road. ETTING for FRUIT TREES, SEED BEDS. RIPE STRAWBERRIES. &c. TANNED NETTING for protecting the above from Frost, Blight. Birds, &c., a yards wide, yi. per yard, or iod yards -ios.; 4 yards ^v^de, td, per yard, or 50 yards aoj. NEW TANNED NETTING, suited forany of theabove pur- poses, or as a Fence for Fowls, 2 yards wide, 6^. per yard ; 4 yards wide. xs. per yard ; ^-inch mesh, 4 yards wide, ix. hd per yard. TI FFAN Y, 6j. td, and 7s. 6ab^ ._- ^jzizai^ —^ - ..?^^mim^.A ^ 1^, _^ — ,^ ^^HS^^=^^C ^ fa' -ay- P AlMfcT-^^f ^ l^rijwifeg^ M^jjfiB^4J|t ^ ^^^|^g«c«| r --; ; ' --".-^ ^ -^*^r^ -^ — JSj^' 1 j^i* r ' '^ ^ IMPROVED ESPALIER FENCING AND WALL TRAINERS. Estimates given free of charge for Espalier Trainers for Fruit Trees, &c. The Espalier can be easily fixed, wood or stone blocks being unnecessary. In writing for Estimates please give exact lengths required, with a rough sketch showing angles, if any. FITTINGS for WIRING FRUIT WALLS.-Having a large stock, orders can be executed on receipt at reduced prices. Carriage Paid on Order* of \os. value. Illustrated Lists, with full particulars, free on application. WROUGHT IRON GARDEN ARCHES. No. I No. 3. No. I.— This Arch is very strong, and suitable for training Creepers of any kind. Wrought Iron Frame, covered with stout gaU-anised Wire Netting, 7 feet high, 4 feet span, 2 feet wide, frame painted green, 15J. each. No. 3.-7 feet high, 4 feet span, i foot 6 inches wide, painted green, i6j. td. each. Orders executed on receipt. Carriage Paid ivhe?! Orders amount to 40s, BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. MAIN'S GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. REDUCED PRICES. COMPARE PRICES and aXTALITT. Mesh. PRICE PER YARD, TWO FEET WIDE. Lighc Medium. Slrong. s. d. s. d. s. d. J . . .. o j'f .. .. o 3'A .. .. o i'i .. .. c .. .. o 3'X .. ..04 .. .. o 4?i .. .. c • 04 .. .. o 4% .. ..06 .. ..a .. . . o •j]4 ■. . <• o g ....10 .. .. I Other widths at equally low jirices. 200 yards sent c.irriage free to most railway stations. Price Lists Free. Kxtra Strong s. d. i'i 6 4 A. & J. MAIN & CO., QUEEN VICTORIA STREET. LO.MDON, E.C., And at Glasgow, Edinburgh, and London. TIFFANY and ELASTIC NETTING (REGISTERED). — It is now twenty-five years since we introduced the article we called " SH.WV'S TIFFANY "lor horticultural shading and protecting, and up to the present all imitations have fallen short of the beauty, texture, and utility o( the article. Our immense sale enables us at all times to put it on the market at a lower price than any other house- Tiffany and Elastic Nettmg (REGISTERED), with Canvas and all other Shading and Protecting Materials, manuCactiired and sold by JOHN SHAW AND CO..29, Oxford Street. Manchester. Samples and prices on application. KIPPINGILLE'S PROPAGATING PLANT FRAME, HEATED BY PATENT STOVE. The simplest and best ever introduced for Raising Seedst Striking Cuttings, &c. The Cardetiers' Magazine says : — " A most valuable inventton. (Copy of Testimonial.) Yardley, near Birtningham, May 23, 1878. Dear Sir, — lam much pleased with the new Propagating Plant Frame which you supplied two or three months ago, heated by Rippingille's Patent Stove. The frame does its work in the most perfect manner, and at a very trifling cost for oil. I have used it with great advantage in raising plants from seeds, and in propagating trees from cuttings, and I think the apparatus just the thing for amateur gardeners who do not happen to possess luxurious and costly forcing houses. — Yours obediently. GEORGE LINDSEY. Sent packed free and carriage paid to any railway station in England. Write for Price List and particulars to — THE ALBION LAMP COMPANY, X18. HOLBORN, LONDON, E.G.. And say where you saw this advertisement. PHEASANTRY WIREWORKS. Gardens and Conservatories fitted up with Wirework, &c Flower Stands. Hanging Baskets. Trellis Wirework. Balloon Trainers. Aviaries, &c. Slate Boxes. Tile Boxes, &c. See Illustrated CATALOGUE. R. HOLLIDAY, HORTICULTURAL IRON and WIRE WORKS. ' The Plieasantry," Beaufort Street, Chelsea, Loudon, S.W. Garden Archts. Roseries. Screens. Summer Houses. Gaiden Fencine. Strained Wire Fencing. Pheasantries, S:c. THE TWO GOLD MEDALS ^\ERE AWARDED BY THE Royal Horticultural Society TO R. HALLIDAY & CO,, July, 1878, for HOTHOUSES and HOTWATER APPARATUS, out of 14 other competitors. This distinguished honour is sufficient gujrjntce of the superior quality of R. H. &^ Co.'s Horticultural Buildings and If eating Apparatus, and of their practical value. The buildings are constructed on an entirely new and improved method, combining great strength, simplicity, and dura- bility, with extreme lightness, and being made of the very best materials are guaranteed, with ordinary care, to last a liletime. The ventilating arrangements are most perfect and efficient, the lights at top and bottom opening the whole length with one handle to each seiies, and the machinery being strong and simple, can never break down or get out of order. The glass used is 21 oz. British sheet of best quality, and the paint the best genumc white lead and oil. The following Houses are in stock, and will be delivered Jixed, glazed, and paittied complete in any part of t lie Kingdom at prices as follows : — Wide. Each. Long. 2 Lean-to Houses, each 20 by 12 feet 2 „ „ 25 „ 16 1 „ Iron House „ 25 ,, 15 .£45 65 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 Each. £46 10 0 67 10 0 62 10 0 Long. >Vide. 2 Half-span Houses, each 20 hy 12 feet 2 ,, „ 25 „ 15 „ 2 Span-roof Houses „ 20 ,, 16 „ 2 Span-roof Houses, each 30 feet long by 20 feet wide, £95 each. Several Smaller Houses prepared and fitted, ready to fix by any handy man, at very low prices. A large quantity of TWO- LIGHT HOTBED BOXES, dialed and painted, size 8 feet by 6 feet. Price, delivered free, £} los. each. HEATING APPARATUS, with thoroughly reliable Boilers, supplied and fixed in the most practical and efficient manner, and guaranted to work economically and answer its purpose in alt seasons. Plans and Estimates Free. Customers waited upon in any part of the Kingdom. B. HALIiIDAT Sc CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. March 8, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 317 THE GARDEN POTTERY, Old Down, Shepton Malett. I have not advertised my Flower-pots lately, for I have been selling faster than I could make. I have some in hand now, and none can please better, -j. j j{|(;;(^j;s Indestructible Terra-Cotta Plant Markers. MAW AND CO.'S PATENT.— Prices, Printed Patterns, and Specimens, sent post- free on application ; also Patterns of Ornamental Tile Pave- ments for Conservatories, Entrance Halls. &c. MAW AND CO., Benthall Works. Broseley. WOOD TRAINING STICKS and TALLIES, commended by Royal Horticultural Society ; BAMBOO CANES. RAFFIA for tying. VIRGIN CORK, ARCHANGEL and other MATS, PACKING MATS, &c. Wholesale prices on application to C. J. BLACKITH and CO., Cox's Quay, Lower Thames Street, London. E.C. The Thames Bank Iron Company OLD BARGE WHARF, UPPER GROUND STREET, JLONDON, S.B. Have the largest and most complete stock in the Trade ; upwards of ^20,000 worth to choose from. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, And all CASTINGS for HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. Their Neio Illustrated Catalogue., ^th Edition, now ready {price Sixpcitic). Hot-water Apparatus erected complete, or the Materials supplied at Wholesale Prices. TVV^O HIGHEST A ^^^ A R D S PARIS, 1878, SILVER MEDAL, The Jury Reporf; are not yet published. PHILADELPHIA, 1876, PRIZE MEDAL. Jury Revort :— " Excellence in diagonal weaving of a low-priced fabric. FOR Prices per Lineal Yard, 2 feet wide Size of Mebh. Mostly used for. Gauge. Light. Gauge. Medium Gauge. Strong. Inch. 2 i5e ^% I Rabbits & Hares . . Rabbits, &C Small Rabbits ... Pheasantries •9 19 19 19 5m 18 18 18 18 d. 3% \k 9 "7 •7 J7 »7 X. d. 0 ^ii 0 ^H 0 6 z 0 GALVANISED AVIRE NETTING Have been awarded to the Inventors and Original Manufacturers of .]rac/iinc-inade Wire Netting. BARNARD, BISHOP k BARNAROS, Norfolk Ironworks, NORWICH, And 91, 93, and 95, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. LEGION OF HONOUR (Paris Exhibition) : GOLD MEDAL. W. H. Lascelles, H O E T I C U L T U R AL BUILDER, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.G. RANGE of PATENT BENT WOOD CURVED VINERIES, PLANT HOUSES, Ac, recently erected at Croydon. These Houses are light, strong, durable, and of elegant appearance. Can be made as cheaply as a plain, straight House, and no Bent Glass need be used. Illustrated Sheets sent, post-free, on application, and Estimates given without charge. Under the Patronage of tbe Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BLACK-PACHD LETTERS. The Carde/iers' Magazine says:— "We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samples and Price Lists free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon. ''PERRA-COTTA more durable than Stone.— J- Vases, Tazzis, Flower Trays, Pedestals, Balustrades, Brackets, Termmals, Cornices, &c. For designs and prices apply to JOHN M. BLASHFIELD, 47. Berners Street, W. Potato Culture-Secrets of Success. Mr. Porter, Old Meldrum, having resolved to give up growing CPotatos for cnmpetiiion. has now published ULTURAL DIRECTIONS, containing an account of his experience and practice in Potato (jrowing for Exhibition, and especially hov^ to secure brightness and polish of tubers by cultivation and manuring, &c., in short how to produce perfect and polished Polatos in all soils and se.-isons. Invaluable to exhibitors. Subscription copies only will be issued. Price los. td. each, post-free. Sent on receipt 01 Post-ottice Order for the amount, to be made payable at Old Meldrum, to W. Porter.— Apply to Mr. PORTER, Old Meldrum. Aberdeen. Parms, Estates, Residences. Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, or M Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the IDLAND COUNTIES HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and .-iddress, and SIX halfpenny stamps for postage, addressed " Midland Counties Herald Othce, Birmingham.'' The Midland Counties Heralt always contains large numbers of advertisements relating to harms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let Belgian. TiULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE, fWol? FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAl! l.Ml!.Kfc. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Plales and Illustrations. Published since 1865 by F. BuRVENicii, F Pay.vasrt, E. Rodigas, and H. I. Van MULLE, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgiao Oovernment at Ghent. Post paid, loi. per annum H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium. THE SYDNEY MAIL AND NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER. CONTENTS .— INTERCOLO.VIAL and GENERAL NEWS. SPORTING and the FIELD, in which is incorporated BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY. RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF. CRICKET and AQUATICS. THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA (Drawn and Engraved specially for this Journal.) NATURAL HISTORY. (Original Articles.) AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICULTURE. GOLD FIELDS and MINING generally. STOCK and SHARE REPORTS. ORIGINAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRALIAN AUTHORS. THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY. INDOOR AMUSEMENTS. THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOME CIRCLE. COMMERCIAL NEWS. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the Australian Colonies, New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects. Subscription In Advance, £1 per Annum. Single Copies, ^d. ; Stamped, 5,^. Publishing Office— Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales. ENGLAND. The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising .Agents are authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS, which must be paid in advance, for the SYDNEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY MAIL :— London Mr. George Street, 30. Cornhill, E.C. Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, E.C. Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street. Fleet Street, E.C. BiKMiNGHAM .. Mr. R. S. Kirk, 90, New Street. LlVERPuol. Lee & Nightingale, 15, North John Street. Bristol James & Ilenry Grace, Royal Insurance Buildings. Edinburgh Robertson & Scott, r3, Hanover Street. Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 15, Royal Exchange Place. Copies of each Journal are tiled at tht abovt OJftn for the use of Advertisers. 3i8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 8, 1879. New Books on Gardening. Weale's Rudimentary Scries.— This day, lamo Limp cloth, ■\s bd ; cloth b'^ards. 21.: postage 2^. KITCHEN GARDENING MADE EASY. Showing How to Piepare and Lay-out the Ground, the best Means of Cult.vating every known Vegetable and Herb, with Directions for Management all the Year Round. By George M. F. Glennv. lust Published. 4:6 pages. 1 38 Illustrations, cloth 51. ; postage id. , r^ OOD GARDENING ; or, How to Grow VJT Vegetables, Fruits, and Flowers ; with Practical Notes on Soils, Manures. Seeds. Planting, Laying-out, &c. by Saiiufl Wood. Third Edition, with considerable additions.^ •• One of the best and clearest which we have met with. S/ectatar. /;62j Annual Profit from i Acre of Land and ^176 per Annum from Three Glasshouses !— See MULTUM-IN-PARVO GARDENING. By Samuel Wood, Author of " Good Gardening. ' Third Edition, revised. Crown 8vo, cloth, with Illustrations, price 2t.: postage yi. " Should be read by all who contemplate growing for market and profit."— /farmer. , CROSBY LOCKWOOD and CO., 7. Stationers Hall Court, London. E.G. ^ ADVERTISERS are requested to note that altkoHgh we do not object to receive Letters to be called^for, we cannot undertake tofoiivard them. PARTNERSHIP, in a NURSERY, SEED, and FLORIST BUSINESS. An excellent opportunity is immediately offered to an industrious and persevering young man to join advertiser in an established and largely increasing business in London. Capital about ;£2oo.— M. W., Gardencn Clirmkle Office, W.C. ANTED, a HEAD GARDENER, thoroughly efficient, to take entire charge of an ex- tensive place. Salary Ci%, with house, &c. -Address by letter only to G. KING, Esq., Estate Agent, 5, Windsor Street, Birkenhead. ANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR- L1ENER, a-je'si to 38, married. Lodge to live in; two under-men kept. Must have a thorough knowledge of Flow'er and Kitchen Gardening and Management of Cows and Poultry, be honest, sober, energetic and practical, with good char.icter —Apply, fiist, wilh letter, with fvdl particulars and length ol char.-icter, to Mr. SPICER, 19, New Bridge Street, London, E.C. ANTED, as HEAD WORKING GARDENER, where three are kept, a married man, who thoroughly understands Stove Plants, Feins, and Growing of Fruits and Vegetables, and willing to assist in the outdoor work. One who has held a good Foreman's situation not objected to. Letters, stating age, number of children and ages, what capable of doing. List situation and time therein, and salary required, to be addressed to T., Mr. Loveland's, 102, Albany Street, Regent's Park, N.W. Gardener. WANTED, a GARDENER (age not over 40), capable of Laying-out New Garden. Wages 241. per week. Situation at Wimbledon. No gLass.— Apply at 48, Lime Street, E.G., on Tuesday and Wednesday next, between 2 and 4 o'clock. ANTED, a GARDENER, who thoroughly understands Budding and Grafting Roses, also the Propagation of Soft-wooded Plants, and growing Mushrooms. Required also a MAN and his WIFE, the man as Outdoor Gardener, the woman as Laundress to a small family, and to assist in House Duties.— Address C. C, Oak Cottage, Chigwell, Essex. ANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER. Must have a thorough practical know- ledge of Vines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Kitchen and Flower Gardening. Wages, including everything, ii,%. No man with any family will be engaged.— Apply, by letter only, stating age, and giving name of previous employer, to 207, Hagley Road, Birmingham. ^ANTED, a good SINGLE-HANDED GARDENER, capable of thoroughly managing Stove Plants, Vines, &c. Help given in summer to mow thp lawns. Wages 30J. Must be a married man. Total abstainer preferred. —Apply by letter to J. G. J-, 23, Cross Street, Finsbury, London, E.C. WANTED, about 30 miles west of London, a strong active man as WORKING GARDENER; two men and a boy under him. Must thoroughly understand Fruit and Flowers under glass. Married preferred, but not a large family. Wages ^54 per annum, house and fuel. — E. H., Severnstoke Rectory, Worcester. W" ANTED, a WORKING GARDENER (two men under him), who thoroughly understands the business ; his wife to manage Dairy and Poultry. No young children. First-class reciimmendalions essential. — Apply by letter to A. E., 732. Old Kent Road. S.E. WANTED, a NURSERY FOREMAN (Indoors). — If suitable, permanent situation. Good Salesman. Propagator, and able to make up llouguets.— G. AND W. YATES, Seedsmen and Nurserymen, Manchester. ANTED, an INDOOR PROPAGATOR. —Apply personally to J. W, WIMSETT, Ashburnham Park Nursery, Kings Road, Chelse.i, S.W. ANTED, a good VINE GROWER, to take charge of the Vines and other Plants, with assistance, in a Nursery near London. A permanent and com- fortable situation for a steady and reliable man. State wages, age, and wlure last employed. — H. C, Gardeners' Chrcnicle Office, W.C. WANTED, an ASSISTANT PROPA- GATOR, in Stove. Greenhouse, and Soft-wooded departments ; also a Young MAN for the Greenhouse, who has had some experience in Nursery practice. Both must be active and industrious. None need apply whose character will not bfear strict scrutiny. — Apply, stating age, experience, wages, and giving references, to IRELAND and THOMSON, Cra gleith Nurseries, Comely Bank, Edinburgh. WANTED, an experienced PROPAGATOR. Must thoroughly understand Stove and Greenhouie Plants and Roses.— Address, stating experience and wages required, age, &c., to Box 6), Post-office, Hull. WANTED, a smart, active Young MAN, used to London Furnishing. Also one accustomed to Jobbing Work.— Apply to JAMES BROMWICH, 25, Buck- ingham Palace Road, S W. ANTED, an active Young MAN, to take charge of Five Houses. Must have a good character from a Market Grower as to ability. W.ages to commence at 191. per week.— W. and J. BROWN, Wothorpe, Stamford. WANTeTd, an experienced MAN, to assist in the Houses, 'and to grow Flowers and Plants for Market. Good wages given to a suitable man. — J. DELA- MERE, Irlam Road, Bootle, Liverpool. WANTED, good, strong young Countrymen as PORTERS in a London Warehouse. — Sober, honest, and industrious young men will find this a Permanent situation.— Apply by letter, stating wages required, age, &c., to D. M. D., Gardeners' Chrouicle Office, W.C. ANTED, a BOY about 14 or 15 years of age, to be under the Head Gardener in the Houses, and look alter Fires.— Address, stating wages expected, &c., to -J. NEWTON, G.irdener, The Larches, Ashton, near Preston, Lancashire. WANT PLACES. E. G. HENDERSON AND SON have many excellent GARDENERS with approved testimonials for ability now waiting in their Nurseries for re-engagement. E. G. H. & Son will be pleased to answer any enquiries from Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring such— Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale. London. W. JOHN COWAN, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garslon, near Liverpool, can with every confi- dence recommend a first-class GARDENER to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may require such. ESSRS. IRELAND and THOMSON, of the Craigleith Nursery, Comely Bank, Edinburgh, have at present on their register several first-cl.iss G.'VRDENERS, waiting for re-engagement. Any Lady or Gentleman requiring such may rely on 1. & T. recommending only those whose abilities and qualifications are such as are worthy of confidence. GARDENER (Head), where three or four are kept.— Age 27 ; single at present. Fourteen years' experience. Seven years' good character. — W. RAPLEY, Balcombe Place, Hay ward's Heath, Sussex. GARDENER (Head).— William Brown can with confidence recommend his Foreman to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a good practical Gardener. — Merivale Gardens, Atherstone. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept. — Age 30 ; fifteen years' experience in the culture of Vines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Can be highly recommended from past and present employers.— M., 72, Victoria Street West, Great Grimsby GARDENER (Head, or good Single- handsd). — Age 33, married ; good knowledge of Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character.— F. W., 11, Lowfield Road, Kilburn Rise, N.W. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept. — Age 29 ; has a thorough practical knowledge of the profession. Seven years' excellent character. Can be well recommended by present employer.— G. PHILLIPS, Swanbourne, Winslow, Bucks. ARDENER (Head).— Married, two child- ren ; seventeen years' practical experience in Forcing Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, &c. : Stove and Green- house Plants, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. — E. H., 5, Asgill Cottages, Richmond, Surrey. a ARDENER (Head, or good Single- handed). — Age 28, married, no family ; understands Gardening in all its branches. Good character,— T. H. J., I, Tichbourn Cottages, Addington Road, Croydon. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept. — Age 27, single. Ten years' experience. Three years' good character from last situation. — C. LOVELL, 106, Wyndham Road, Camberwell, S. GARDENER (Head); single.— A Gentle- MAN wishes to recommend his Second Gardener to any Lady or Genllemati requiring the services of a thorough practical, trustworthy Man. Highest testimonials from previous employers. — H. W., The Garden, Aelybryn, Llanelly. GARDENER (Head), where two or three are kept. — Married, one child ; understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Flower aud Kitchen Garden. Seven vears' good character. Abstainer.— C. GARDNER, Perryhill, Worplesdon, Guildford. (^^ ARDENER (Head).— Age 45, married; V^fl has a thorough knowledge of good general Gardening ; also Table and Room Decoiations. Good character. — A. B., Mr. Cooper, Bridge Street, Godalming. GARDENER (Head).— Age 31, single ; thoioushly practical in the management of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, Pines, Vines, Early and Late Forcing of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, and the General Management of a place where gardening is carried on with spirit. Has lived in some of the leading Establishments in this country and given the greatest satisfaction. Over three years' good character from last situation: own option leaving the same. — L. M., 53, Gayton Road, Hampstead, London, N.W. /^ARDENER (Head); age 46, married, VIT one child (age five) ; Scotch.— A Gentleman (whose lease will expire on the 25th inst.) can highly recommend his Gardener to any Noblemin or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly com- petent trustworthy man. — F. E., Moseley Hall, Birmingham. /"^lARDENER (Head).— Age 42, married, VJ^ two children (ages 9 and 10) ; understands the profession in all its branches. Fourteen years in last situation. Good character. — W. S., 38, Goodge Street, Tottenham Court Road, London, W. ARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept ; age 41, married, no family. — Gardener to a Lady thirteen years ; understands all branches of gardenine, all kinds of Forcing. S:c. Good testimonials.— E. TOUGH, Fraser, Newsagent, &c., Englefield Green, Staines. GARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married ; understands Pines. Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Fruit, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Seven years' good cha- racter.—S. B.. Sawley Hall, Ripon, Yorkshire.! ARDENER (Head), where several are kept — Age 38, married ; twenty-four years' practical ex- perience in the culture of Vines, Pines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Ten years Head Gardener with present employer. — ^' ]•' 47» Reservoir Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, ARDENER (Head).— Age 24, married, no children ; understands Gardening in all its branches Good references.~E. DEADMAN, Bourne Villas, Upper Bourne, Famham, Surrey. ARDENER (Head).— Age 29, single at present : fifteen years* experience in all branches of the' profession. Can be highly recommended from previous and present employers. — W. A. L., East Sutton Park, Staplehurst, Kent. GARDENER (Head), to a Gentleman.— Single: experienced. At liberty at the end of March. Thoroughly understands Fruit Forcing, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Kitchen and Flower Garden. First-class references. —GARDENER, 4, Robertson Terrace, The Harrow, Holling- ton, Hastings. ARDENER (Head, or good Single- handkd). — Age 27, married; has had ten years' expe- rience in all branches of Gardening. Good character. — GARDENER, Bisham Abbey, Marlow, Bucks. C^|ARD ENER (Head).— Mr. W. Bowman, ■^ Hylands Park, Chelmsford, wishes to recommend his Foreman, William Martin (age 29,) to^any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services'of a competent man. Highly recom- mended for integrity and ability. ARDENER (He.\d), or GARDENER, FORESTER, and BAILIFF.— A first-class Gardener is in want of an appointment as above ; is thoroughly acquainted with the general routine of gardening for a first-class establish- ment, having filled a similar situation for the past'twelve years. Death cause of leaving. Can be highly recommended by some of the leading nobility and gentry for capabilities, energy, and respectability. — T. C, Gardt-ncrs' Chronicle Ofiice, W.C. GARDENER (Head, Working).— Married, no family ; practical knowledge of Forcing Vines. Pines, Hothouse and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen Garden, and Pleasure Grounds, Park or Meadow Land. Four and a half years' good character. — C. C, Mr. Stickler, Holmesdale Road, Reigate, Surrey. GARDENER (Head, Working).— Age z2i^ married, no family ; thoroughly understands Forcing Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Could undertake management of Pasture Land, Wife of Poultry. Good references.— GARDENER, Eastfield Lodge, Walthara- stow. GARDENER (Head, Working). — Mr. Kingston, Gardener to C. Sykes, Esq., M.P., Branting- ham Thorpe, Brough, East Yorkshire, will be pleased to recom* mend a young man as above, to any Lady or Gentleman. He has had experience in several good places, and can be well recommended by present and previous employers. GARDENER (He.\d, Working).— Age 31, married ; thorough practical knowledge of the profes- sion. Five years in last situation. Good references. Wife thorough Cook and Dairywoman. — E. T. S., Chase Cross, Romford, Essex. GARDENER (Head, Working), to any Lady or Gentleman. — Age 38 ; has a thorough practical knowledge of Gardening in all its oranches Has held present situation as head man with T. M. Weguelin, Esq., M.P.. four- teen years. — T. OLIVER, BilHngbear Park Gardens, Woking- ham, Berks. GARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 25, single ; understands Vines, Peaches, Melons, Stove ar.d Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Three and a half years" excellent character. — H. W., Gardens, Leigh Paik, Havant, Hants. ARDENER (Head, Working). — The Advertiser would be glad to treat wilh any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough experienced Gardener in all its branches, including Laying-uut and Planting New Grounds, Draining, Road-making, Management of Land and Woods to any extent.— C. S., Ossem^Iey Manor, Christ- church, Hants. ARDENER (Head, Working), where two or more are kept. • — Age 42, married, nu family; thoroughly practical in all branches. Two years good character from present employer. Disengaged end of March. — W. HALL. Green Street, Enfield Highway, Middlesex. /^:iARDENER (Head, WoRKiXG).—Age 30, VJ married, one child ; understands Early and Late Forcing, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character from present and previous employers. - Mr. T. DEDM AN, Sundridge Park, Bromley, Kent. ARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 34, married ; thorough practical knowledce of the duties. Good references as to character and ability. — B. A., 5, Scuthsea Roadj Surbiton, Surrey. March S, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 319 GARDENER (Head), married— A Ladv wis-hes to recommend a m:in for the above situation. — Lady B., Norton Priory, Runcorn. GARDENER (Head, Working).— Age 33, married, one child : understands the management of Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants ; also Early and Late Forcing of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Has lived in first-class Gentlemen's establish- ments. Character will bear the strictest investigation. — A. B., 1, Ivy Cottages, Washington Road, Norbiton, Kingston-on- Thames. GARDENER (Single-handed) ; age 25, married. ^Mr. Evans, Gardener at Shenstone, can con- fidently recommend his man as above. Has a good practical knowledge of the profession. Total abstainer. Wages, C^ is. per week and cottage.— W. E., Wistaria Cottage, Crayford, Kent. GARDENER.— Age 26, single ; thoroughly practical in all branches of Gardening. Good reference. — G. DAVIES. near Post Office, Aston-on-Clun, Shropshire. GARDENER, with much practical experi- ence in improving Gentlemen's grounds, desires an engagement. Good testimonials.— T. W., 7, Abbey Buildings, Chester. GARDENER, in a small place, where help is given (must be some Glass). — Age 25, single ; ten years' experience.— State wages. S:c., to G. G., Post-office, Sevenoaks, Kent. GARDENER (Second)— Age 25 ; eight years' experience in Vines, Peaches. Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants.— A. D., 107, Lot's Road, Stanley Bridge, CheUea, S.W. GARDENER (Second, or under a good Foreman) —J. Forsev, Gardener to Sir G. Chetwynd, Bart., Grendon Hall, Atherstone, can with confidence recom- mend a young man as above. Three and a-half years' excellent character. — Address as above. GARDENER (Second), in'a good establish- ment.— Age 24, : ten years' experience. Good references can be givem. State wages and particulars.— C. W., The Gardens, Castle Hill, Bletchingley, Surrey. ri^ARDENER (Second), \vhere five or six V^ are kept.— Age 26. married ; three years' reference. Dis- engaged March 29,— J. KERSl.EV, 15, Hodson, Swindon. /^ARDENER (Under), in a good establish- VJ ment.— Age 20 : four years' character from preisent situation.— Y. Z., Spring Cottage, Hythe Road, Ashfoid, Kent. GARDENER (Under).— Age 24, respect- able. Bothy preferred.— J. K., 3, Victoria Cottages, Uxbndge, Middlesex. /^ARDENER (Under), or under a Fore- V^ man.— Has had seven years' experience, and wishes for a place in a first-class Garden in order to improve himself. A Premium given if desired.— Please state particulars to C. T Post-office, Beech Hill. Reading, Berks. (^ARDENER (Under), to assist in Houses V.^ preferred.- Goodcharacter. Total abstainer. Disengaged March 22.- H. TULL, Varnham Garden. Pulborough. sSsrex. rj.ARDENER (Under), in the Houses. >^ —Age 22 ; understands Pines, Vines, and Fruit Forcing Four years good reference from last place.— GEO. LOVETP The Chantry Gardens, Ipswich. * /?< ARDENER (Under), where three or more V.^ are kept (or under a Foreman in a large establishment) —Age 21 : SIX years' experience. Three years' cliaracter from lost situation.— Apply, stating wages, to A. BATIERSHELL, ^he Bridge, Heavitree, Exeter. (^RDENER (Under), or to Milk and fill V-' up his time m the Garden.— Age 10; good character -JAMES DAVIES. Oakfield, Hitchin, Herts. '^""»""- "POREMAN, in a good estabhshment. r^TA^i rSi ^=J '°.'! ^""'J.^' «"?=''="<:=■ Good character.— G. TAYLOR. Woodburn Gardens. Darlington. T? O R E M A N, in a good establishment.— -«- Age 24 ; ten years' experience. First-class references as to character and ability.-A. S., The Gardens, Warninglid Hall, Hayward s Heath. "POREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22 ; seven -L and a half years' experience. Eighteen months good character from last employer.- C. P., 15, Brook Lane, Chester. ■pOREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's J- Garden.— ALge 24 ; nine years' experience. Has a general knowledge of Early and Late Forcing of Fruits and Flowers, 1 I /j' ^°<* Greenhouse Plant Culture, and the Propagation of fN^tyf J w- Country and bothy preferred.-A. BURN- ' INGHAM, s, Wigan's Cottages, Mortlake, Surrey. XpOREMAN.- Nine years' practical expe- -»- uencein all branches; three years excellent character from present situation, two years as Foreman. Kent or le"c7nsfieTd '^■~'^- ^°°'^' ^"'^="=' '^°°''"™ H°"^" "pOREMAN, in a Gentleman's establishment r T^°»?3,' "'0™ugh knowledge of Vines, Peaches Cucumbers Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants Good WhItF T i';;? p ','. I?"'' R^^J"' employers. - EDWARD WHITE, Little Petl Farm, Bridge, near Canterbury, Kent. T''OREMAN.-Age 23; thoroughly under- -»- standsFr uit and Plant Growing. Four years' excellent c'wSe'; ^'v\ ''?'^T "'i'^^Ti r^'vemont^hs' Foremir? charaaer.-C. S., Gardens. Leigh Park, Havanl, Hants. F^^atJ^p"^,?^' °' GENERAL PROPA- .iT , ^'^TOR (Indoors). -Thomas Townsend, who has held the above position with Messrs. Roll.sson for the p^"^tefv= &; 'LP.% ■^'^-"S^sed^ First-class reference*^ -OUve IxiUge, Defoe Road, Lower Tooting. -.""■= FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age 22 : first-chiss character from present and former situations.— C. LEE, Stanage Park Gardens, Brampton Brian, Herefordshire. To Nurserymen and Florists. FOREMAN (Working).— Age 38 ; under- Stand s Forcing, Growing, Selling, Ijuilding, Setting Boilers, and Fitting, Glazing, and all connected with a Florist's Business. Good reference as to capabilities — A. WATTS, 2, Three Oak Lane, Horsleydown, Southwark, S.E. FOREMAN (Indoor).— Age 25; eleven years' experience in first-class establishments. — ALPHA, Stud Gardens, Home Park, Hampton Wick. Middlesex. T^OREMAnTTrOPAGATOR, and SALES- -L MAN (Indoor and Outdoor). —Edward Thomas, Harold Nursery, Sittingbourne, can recommend a young man, to whose integrity, energy, and capability, for over two years, he would gladly testify.— W. S., 86, East Street. Sittingbourne. i:j^OREMAN, SALESMAN, or CLERK.— J- Age 34 ; seventeen years' p.actical experience in some of the best London and Provincial Nurseries. Good character. — H. R. J., I, Swiss Villas, Church Street, Slough, Bucks. FOREMAN (Indoor), in a small Nursery, or Second in a good establishment. — Age 25 ; nine years' experience in general Plant culture, — T. H., 16, CoUin Street, Blackheath, Kent. FOREMAN, or good JOURNEYMAN, in a private establishment. — Age 24 ; ten years' thorough experience. Good recommendations. — J. G. , 4, Wearbindale Road. Balham. Surrey. To Nurserymen and Florists. FOREMAN, or GENERAL MANAGER.— Age 28. single. Good Salesman and Penman. Fourteen years' experience. Highest references.— J. C, 5, St. James" Road. Brixton. S.W. MANAGER or FOREMAN.— Wanted by a Belgian gentleman a situation as above, in a Horti- cultural establishment. Highest proofs of ability and good references can be produced.— Z, Mr. Rush, Fortis Green, Finchley, N. ROPAGATOR and GROWER of Soft- wooded Plants, &c.~Age 25 ; good references. —E. )., 4, St. Stephen's Terrace. Albert Square, Clapham, Surrey. "PROPAGATOR and GENERAL^PLANT -*- grower. — Age 23 ; wants .1 perm.inent situation in a nursery as above Has a thorough knowledge of Roses, &c. Please stale wages.— J. E., 14, Bugby Road, Milverton, Leamington. GIrOWER, where Ferns, Plants and Cut Flowers, or Fruit, are Brown for Sale or Market. Good reference.— J. J., Adelaide Villa, Wandsworth, S.W. K OSE GROWER and PROPAGATOR. - Young, married.— E. E., Newton Nurseries, Chester. "DOSE GROWER (Assistant).— Well up -Ll' in Budding and Grafting. Goodcharacter. Wages 1 Si per week.— JAMES LOVELESS, Stapleford, near Salisbury Wilts. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good tf establishment.— Age 23. Good character.— A. P., 146, Inverness Terrace, Hyde Park, London, W. TOURNEYMANTTn the Houses, in a good 'J establishment.— Age 25. Address stating wages to T. B., Stoodleigh, Tiverton, Devon. TOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.— t/ Age 21. Good reference.— A. C. H., The Gardens. Holmewood, near Peterborough. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or under ,1 'h%-^^°'^'"S" "^f -■ • '"° y'"^^' g°"d refeiences. — H. JUPP, 4, Sunny Hill Road, Streatham, Surrey. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good Y Garden.— Age 21 ; has a good knowledge of Orchids Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Three years in present situa- 'uM vP'^™"s experience.-C.ELLIOTr, The Gardens, Arnot Hill.'Arnold, Notts. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good t/ establishment, where two or more are kept.— A»e 19 • five years" experience. Good character. -C. MUNDAv' Oakhurst. East Woodhay, Newbury, Berks. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, where two <■ °']"°'i. ^';S Jj^P'-.T^Se 20 : good character. In the North preferred.-E. COLEMAN, Riddlesworth Gardens. Thelford Norfolk. ' TMPROVER, in a good establishment.— ^^I^ " ; good character. Please state wages.— H B. 2g. 1 rafalgar Grove, East Greenwich, Kent. I,7,?T?^^l^^^'? ^^ Gentlemen's Gardeners. MPROVER, m the Houses.— Age 21 • five years' eMperience Indoor and Out. Can be' highly recom- mended.-E. BUILER, The Gardens, Norman Court, Dean Salisbury. ' ' TMPROVER (under a Foreman), in a Gentle- -«- mans Establishment.— Age 17; two and a-half years' experience in the Houses and Garden under his father. Good reference.-HEAD GARDENER, The Gardens, Gosden House, Shalford, Guildford. Surrey. v^u^ueu TMPROVER. — A GENTLEMAN wishes to -»- recommend a very respectable young Man as above. Six Hants'" '""'"" ^""=«'°"--E. G. S., Heatefield, Ringwood, TMPROVER,— A respectable Youth seeks a -*- situation in a good establishment ; active and good working where he could gam a further knowledge of the profession - nI7' V v'"S P""<:ulars, to ths HEAD GARDENER. Oakley Hall. Basingstoke. TMPROVER, in a large Garden, under Glass. Ca7^' n ■ T"*!." i", ^'""'^ liimself under a good practical oardener Can be highly recommended.— W. LUDBROOK, iblon Park Gardens, Voxford, Suffolk IRn'ROVER.— A handy Lad wants a situation in a Gentltman's garden. Has been used to the work of Plant and Forcing Houses, attending fires, Propagating. &c. Active and willing.— \VM. FOWLE, Dogmersfield, Winchfitid, Hants. GARDENER'S LABOURER, in a large establishment. — Age 23, married, one child. A good character from present employer. — Apply with full particulars, K.. K., The Gardens, Elsomhouse, Grantham. O NURSERYMEN.- An experienced man desires a situation. Has a thorough knowledge of Grafting. Budding, Layering, &c. , and general routine of Nursery Work. Good references as to character and abilities. ~S. C. 17, Green Croft, Bilston, Stafford. TO LANDSCAPE GARDENERS,— Wanted a situation as above in a good firm by a young gentleman. P.een in business for himself. Excellent draughtsman, and highest references can be given. — Z., Mr. Rush, Fortis Green, Finchley, N. To LANDSCAPE GARDENERS, &c.— The Advertiskr, who has for many years acted as Sur- veyor. Draughtsman, and Assistant to a most eminent Laiid- cape Gardener, seeks a re-engagement. He can give unex- ceptionable references as to character and abilities. — A. C., 20. Spring Gardens, S.W. O NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.— A young man (age 21) desires a situation ; accustomed to Selling and Assisting in Houses. Good Bouquet-maker. — F. OFFORD, Strawberry Cottage Nursery, Northwold Road, Upper Clapton, E. SHOPMAN (He.ui), or TRAVELLER.— Age 29. married ; fourteen years' experience in every branch of the Seed and Nursery Trade. Good references.— W., Messrs. James Dickson & Sons. 108, Eastgate Street, Chester. COWMAN.—Married, respectable ; willing to make himself useful in Garden or otherwise. Five years' good character.— E. A., 11, Dallas Road, Sydenham, S.E. ELAZENBY AND SON'S PICKLES, • SAUCES, and CONDIMENTS.-E. LAZENBV AND SON, sole proprietors of the celebrated recipes, and manufacturers of the pickles, sauces, and condiments so long and favourably distinguished by the name, lieg to remind the public that every article prepared by them is guaranteed as entirely unadulterated. —92, Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square (late 6. Edward Street, Portmaa Square), and 18, Trinity Street, London, S.E. HARVEY'S SAUCE.— CAUTION.— The admirers of this celebrated sauce are particularly requested to observe that each bottle prepared by E, LAZENBY AND SON bears the label, used so many years, signed "" Elizabetk Lazenby." jr I N AH AN'S LL WHISKY. fr I N A H A N ' S L L WHISKY. -L^ Pure, Mild and Mellow, Delicious and Most Wholesome. Universally recommended by the Profession. The Cream of Old Irish Whiskies. KI N A H A N ' S L L WHISKY. Dr. Hassall says— " Soft and Mellow, Pure, well Matured, and of very excellent quality." KINAHAN'S LL WHISKY. Gold Medal, Paris E.xhibition. 1878 : Dublin E.xhibition, 1865, the Gold Medal.— 2o, Great Titchfield Street, London, W. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL {James Epps &= Co., Homxopathic Chemists) COMFORTING COCOA. "OLD DR. JACOB TOWNSEND'S" SARSAPARILLA. THE BLOOD PURIFIER. This extraordinary Medicine has a singular influence upon the blood, which it enriches and purifies. It removes all pimples aad blotches, purifies the system, and acts like a charm. As a sustalnmg and purifying tonic it is invaluable, and highly re- commended in long-slanding cases of indigestion, nervousness, coughs, colds, scrofula, gout, dropsy, and wasting of flesh. Sold by all druggists. Caution.— Get the red and blue wrapper, with the Doctor's head in the centre. No other genume. In bottles, 2,r. 6^/., 4.?. td., qs. 6d., iis. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. The Medical Profession for over Forty Years have approved of this pure solution as the Best Remedy for ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH, HEARTBURN, HEADACHE, GOUT, AND INDIGESTION, and as the safest Aperient for Delicate Constitutions, Ladies. Children, and Infants. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. TTOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— The chief wonder J- J- of modern times. — This incomparable medicine increases the appetite, strengthens the stomach, cleanses the liver, corrects biliousness, and prevents flatulency ; purifies the system, invigorates the nerves, and reinstates sound health. The enormous demand for these Pills throughout the globe astonishes everybody, and a single trial convinces the most sceptical that no medicme equals Holloway's Pills in its ability to remove all complaints incidental to the human race. They are a blessing to the afflicted, and a boon to all who labour under internal or external disease. The purification of the blood, removal of all restraints from the secretive organs, and gentle aperient action^ are the prolific sources of the extensive cui-ative range of Holloway's Pills. 320 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 8, 187c, - c u ^ (fl— ■ C/O ,?^ s^.5 ^: r""s= SW isis H^.S^-al l-J PC -=13 to c_> 0 W z cu 0 CO ffi CO ^ 0 1^ H- 6C 1— n 1 • iH C/3 ^ ^ h(l c .c- H fi . ci! <1> >-* 0 J3 (J 1 'S OJ 0) X. 0 0 X 3 0 0 2 06 fl >. ^ CO (0 3 a P .•< ^ Xi ^ P< c c 5 m ol 0 J= <; « ■d t; C a 0 C 3 > ?. 0 0 Tl \ (4 C iX ■-; (J >, kj 00 rH 'n a rt ■^ (iT a> 0 J3 •a >, ^ P4 •a c T1 3 0 be ho b« .i.Liii,:. a> ; . = o " 1. E «.2 = «&■•=» *■= |X^ H W-O.E-" * *^ t* rt p c 0 : -= E i E Editoriil Communications should be addressed to "The Editor ;" Advertisements and Busmess Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Wellmgton Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradburv, Agnsw, & Co.. Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Pubhshed by tb« taid William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— "Saturday, March 8, 1879. Ageat for Manchester— John Heywood. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Mknziks & Co., Edinburgh and Glasgow. \ ■ A <■ THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE (iBstaWislKb 1841. A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS. No. 272.— Vol. XI. \^.^^.\ SATURDAY, MARCH 15, 1879. ) Registered at the General \ ) Post Office as a Newspaper. \ Price 6d. Po.sT Free, ^\d. CONTENTS. Anemone angalosa (with cut) 343 Apiary 33^ Azara microphylla .. 340 Bamboo fjr p^per-making 331 Books, notices of. . . . 33^ Bouvardias, disease of .. 338 Carnations, tree . . •341 Carpet-bedding two cen- turies ago .. 340 Celery culture at Clay- worth .. . . 332 Cop'is orientalis .. .. 31S Crocus saiivus .. .. 34 1 Cyclamens at Ealing Dean 340 Cymbldiiim Lowianum .. 332 Dendrobiiim micans .. 332 Edinburgh Botanic Gar- dens 335 Fiji, prospects of.. . . 34'^ Foreign correspondence 344 Forestry .. .. .. 335 Freezing rain .. ■■ 3i9 Fungus on Maples .. 3|i Garden operations . . 33*" Gardeners' bequests .- 342 Gardenias in small pots. . 342 Garr»'a Fremonti.. .. 343 Grapes, bottling .. .. 342 Grapes, change of colour in 338 Grass, peculiar distribu- tion of a . . . . - - 339 Hotbed frames -. .. 340 Kew Gardens, the earlier opening of . . .. 338 Law, the letter of the . . 340 Lilium tigrinum f1 jre- pieno Morinda citrifolia (with cut) .. .. .. Moss, planting seeds in . . Odontoglossum Londes- boroufihianum . . Odontoglossum madrense Orchids at Kew . . ,, at Sunbury House ,, from New Grenada ,, Mexican Peach setting Perilta ocimoides, oil of Plants, new garden Primu'ai Quickset hedges . . Koman Hyacinths Rulnis r.issetolius . . St^'lums for winter beds , Saig n, gardening ht Snowiintps, ni.jre about.. ,, (wuh cui) .. St-cieties : — K.jyal Horticultural . . Sc jttibh Horticultural Association . . Spring ,, flowers Spruces, the American . . Stakes, preserving from decay Strawberries, forced Sugar in Cuba Sydney Botanic Gardens (with cut) Weather, the Winter, effects of the late 332 340 342 342 340 344 3tt 334 343 340 332 341 3t4 34t 333 34^ 341 34t 342 345 312 338 334 342 343 341 338 346 334 IMPOR TA N T NO TICE.^ Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the autliorities and returned to the sender. ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, Gardens. Regent's Park. EXHI BITIONS of SPRING FLOWERS, WEDNESDAYS, March 26. April 23. SUMMER EXHIBITIONS, WEDNESDAYS, May 21, June 18. EVENING FETE. WEDNESDAY. July 2. SCHEDULES of PRIZES, TICKETS, &c.. now beingissued. OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. —PRIZES for AMARYLLIS.-April 8, 1879. An Amateur, anxious to encourage the cultivation of this fine tribe of plants, offers the following PRIZES, to be competed for at the Royal Horticultural Society's Meetings to be held at South Kensington on April 8. The Prizes offered are : — A.— For the best Dark Seedling, ist, ;£2 ; 2d, ;Ci- For the best Light Seedling, ist, £^-2 ; 2d. £1- No Prizes will be awarded unless the Seedlings show decided form and substance of bloom. B.— For the best six Amaryllis named, three to be Dark and three Light varieties, ist, i^i ; 2d. £,1. The Prizes to be awarded only if the exhibits are considered of sufficient merit. Form, substance, and breadth of petals are necessary points. C — For the best variety selected from among the plants 'exhibited in Class B. For the best Dark variety, i^\ ; 2d best, lof. For the best Light variety, £,\ ; 2d best, los. Entries to be made as usual. THE INTERNATIONAL POTATO EXHIBITION will be held at the CRYSTAL PALACE, SYDENHAM, on September 17 and 18 Scheriules and all particulars may be obtained on application to J- A. jMcKENZlE. Tower Chambers. Moorgate Street. E C. fTTT'INTER GARDENS, SOUTHPORT.— tV The SECOND SPRING FLOWER SHOW will be held MARCH 20 and 21. For Schedules and all information apply to p^ CAMPBELL, F.R.H.S., Curator. T EEDS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. J-i —The Schedule of Prizes for the GREAT SUMMER SHOW. JUNE 25, 26, and 27, are now ready, and maybe obtained of the Secretary, J. H CLARK, Printer, BrigKate, Leeds. toOYAL SOUTHAMPTON HORTICUr- J-V TURAL SOCIETY. President — H.R.H. Prince Leopold. ! GREAT SUMMER SHOW, August 2 and 4. GRAND CHRYSANTHEMUM and FRUIT SHOW, November it and ra. Agareeate value ol Prizes.THREE HUNDREDand FIFTY POUNDS. Special Prize for 24 cut Chrysanthemums, distinct (no entry ee), ist. .£5 ; 2d, ^3 ; 3d, Ct , 4th, .£1. Scheduler will be forwarded on receipt of stamp, 39, York Street, Lr. Avenue. C. S. FUIDGE, Sec. . Lemon Trees t^/TESSRS. JAMES VEITCH AND SONS i-TX are anxious to meet with six good LEMON TREES uitable for planting in an Orangery. The trees must be of the •nest Vjriely, the fruit being required for use. Address with «il particulars of size and price to Royal Exotic Nursery, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. F i V ( Gold Medal! Paris, /BARTER'S, the PREMIER SEED V^' HOUSE at the PARIS EXHIBITION. Illustrated Catalogues gratis and post-free. Awarded Five GOLD MEDALS, including the only Gold Medal for Grass Seeds. Caution. — No other English Seed House was awarded five Medals at the Paris Exhibition, and the Legion of Honour has not been awarded for Grass Seeds or English Seeds. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London, W.C. Garden Seede. pHARLES TURNER'S Descriptive V_y CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, containing several interesting and valuable novelties. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. The Duchess of Connaught. ANEW ROSE. Notwithstanding Shakespeare's dictum, *' A Rose by any other n:tine would smell as sweet," no Rise cf recent intruduction does smell as sweet as my new Rose, Duchess of Connaueht. CHARLES NOBLE, Eag^h^t. Now Ready. EWING AND COMPANY'S LIST of New Roses for 1879 is a most select one of the bc^t New English and French varieties. Gratis and post-free to applicants. EWING AND CO.. Eaton, near Norwich. NEW ROSES for 1879.— A selection of the very best only ; the finest plants in the trade ; ready in March. LIST gratis. And post-free. Mr. H. BENNETT, Manor Farm, Stapleford, Salisbury. I) OSES. — Standards, £^ per 100 ; Half- ^ Standards, 75J. per too ; on own roots, 75.1. per 100 A LIST of 200 of the best varitties to select from. Trade price on application. H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries, Berkhampstead, Herts. Seeds of Superior Quality. WM. C U T B U S H AND SON beg to announce that their Illustrated CATALOGUE of Select Vegetable and Flower Seeds, &c., is now ready, and will be forwarded post-free on application. Highgate Nurseries, London, N., and Barnet, Herts. Pelargoniums. pHARLES TURNER can supply Strong V_y Plants in all classes of above, which, if repotted at once, will produce a fine head of bloom this season. CATALOGUES on application. The Royal Nurseries. Slough. Pelargoniums. PELARGONIUS.— Strong healthy plants, in single pois, fit for immediate shifting, consisting of Show, French, and Fancy varieties, 35r. per 100, packing included. Cash with order. HOLDER AND SON, Crown Nurseries, Reading. XTERBENAS, VERBENAS, VERBENAS. » — Fine, healthy, well-rooted Cuttings, perfectly free from disease, of White, Scarlet, Purple, and Pink, 6:r. per 100 ; 50J. per 1000. ICO rooted Cuttings in twelve splendid varieties, First Prize FIjwers, for 8j. Terms cash. H. BLANDFORD. The Dorset Nurseries, Elandford. VAN GEERT, the Continental Nurseries, • Ghent. Beleium. PLANT and SEED CATALOGUES free on application. All orders have careful and prompt attention. LonHon Agents: Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 5. Harp Lane, Great Tower Street, E.C. Gentlemen's Gardeners, Amateurs, and Others A R D E N P O T i of best quality, are requested to send their orders to J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery. Weston-super-Mare. Price List on application. ANTED, a quantity of MAIDENHAIR PLANTS, suitable for Cuttings. Large plants not objected to State size, quantity, and price to HEATH AND SON, Nurserymen, Cheltenham. ANTED, I or 2-yr. Seedling QUICKS and Seedling BIRCH. Price and sample will oblige JOHN CARTER. Nurseryman. Keighley, Yorkshire. ANTED, English OAKS, transplanted, 2 to 3 feet, or 2 feet. Send price to WM. WOOD AND SON, Woodlands Nursery, Maresfield, Sussex. G W WANTED, English OAKS, 3 State price, lic. , to W G. CALDWELL AND SONS, The Nur-serleS; Cheshire. to 4 feet. — Knutsford, WANTED, lowest offers of true solid- stemmed PRICKLY COMFREY. State quantity and where delivered, by letter to A. B C, Messrs. Nutting & Son, 60, Barbican, London, E.C. WANTED, RHUBARB (Victoria). — State age per 100.— H. THORNTON, i ROOTS quantity, and Price for Cash Maxwtll Road, Fulham, S.W. Sutton's Seeds, &c. —Paris Exhibition, 1878. QPECIAL HONOUR for REMARKABLE ^^ MERIT, as see the following telegram from Tiines Special Correspondent, which appeared in the Times of January ii, 1879 : — " Paris, Jan. ro — The French Government has conferred the Legion of Honour on Mr. Martin J. Sutton, managing partner of the firm of Sutton & Sons, Reading, as a special recognition of the merits of the exhibits of that firm at the Paris fcxhibi- lion, and the services thereby rendered to horticulture and agriculture." Sutton*3 Seeds, &;c.— Paris Exhibition, 1878. THE SPECIAL DECORATION of the LEGION of HONOUR conferred on Mr. M. J. Sutton was the only instance in which this great distinction was conferred on any English exhibitor of Seeds at the abive Exhibition. Sutton's Seeds, &g.— Paris Exliibitiou, 1S78. FIVE PRIZE MEDALS ~ GOLD and SiLVF.R— were aivaided to Sutton is: Sons and ih^^ir Pans Agent, for Suttcu'3 Home Grown Seeds, Sc. SUITON AND SONS, Ibe Quteu's Sctdsmen, Reading, Berks. O THE TRADE.— Special cheap offer of Seedling FOREST TREES, &c.. on apphcation. W. P. LAIRD and SINCLAIR. Nurserymen. Dundee, N. B. OR C H IDS. — Thousands of handsome Orchids in good plants can be supplied, at 3^. td., 5^ . and 7.^. td. each. An inspection is invited ; or by sending names of those already possessed, a good selection of other kinds will be made. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. EW CATALOGUE for 1S79.— The most comprehensive Catalogue issued of rensonably priced Plants and Seeds of the best quality, and suitable fir ;ill who love a Garden or Greenhouse. See last week's large advertise- ment, and write for a Catalogue. WM. CLIHRAN AND SON, The Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham, Cheshire. LACKTHORN for Covert Planting, one million of strong transplanted, ict. to 15^. per 1000. THOM.\S PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. S^COTCH FIR, LARCH, Seedling and Transplanted, for sale cheap. Carriage paid to London. LEVAVaSSEUR and son. Nurserymen, Ussy (Calvados*, France. PANISH CHESTNUT, ASH, BIRCH, ALDER and HAZEL — stout, well-rooted, transplanted. A large quantity to be sold. Mr. GEO. CHORLEY, Coaster's Nursery. Mldhurst. OWNIE AND LAIRD, Royal Winter Gardens, Edinburgh, are now sending out their New Show and Farcy PANSIES, also VIOLAS, PENTSTE- MONS, PHLOXES, &c., which they warrant all first-class flowers. Older varieties of the above by the loo or looo. Price on application. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Roses, &c. rpHE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY J- COMPANY (Limited). Edinburgh, respectfully requeit the attention of intending planters to their most extensive and superior stock of the above. CATALOGUES on application. Fit for Immediate Working. ROSA MANETTI and R. MULTIFLORA DE LA GRIFFERAIE, 251. per 1000, ^{lio per 10,000. A. M. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK, Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, ne.ir Zwolle, Netherlands. Vines— Vines— Vines. J COWAN, The Vineyard, Garston, near • Liverpool, is now offering a large .ind splendid stock of strong, short-jointed, and thoroughly ripened GRAPE VINES, suitable for fruiting in pots and planting Vineries. Catalogues free. The Trade supplied. Grapes this Year. FRUITING CANES, perfectly ripened without Bottom-heat. JAMES DICKSON and SONS. Newton Nurseries, Chester. LACK HAMBURGH VINES, and other leading sorts, in Fruiting and Planting Canes ; also a few strong CALADIUMS, fine varietie';, suitable for stock. F. R. KINGHORN, Nurseries, Richmond. Surrey. AMPTON COURT BLACK HAM- BURGH VINE.— Strong fruiting well ripened Canes of this well known Grape, 5^., 7^. 6./., and lOJ. td. each ; Planting Canes, 3^'. td. each. Also a good stock of most of the best kinds. T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries, King&ton, Surrey. Just published, free on application, a complete DESCRIPTIVE PRICED LIST of our unrivalled CoUeciion of Tuberous BEGONIAS. Awarded Gold Medal at South Kensington, and First Prize at Preston.— JOHN LAING and CO., Forest Hill. S.E. APPLE TREES with MISTLETO growing on them. Price from 7^. td. to 21J. each. RICHARD SMITH and CO , Nurserymen, Worcester, 322 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 15, 1879. SALES BY AUCTION. SALE THIS DAY AT HALF-PAST 12 PRECISELY. Hardy Plants and Bulbs. MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C, on SATURDAV, March 15. at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, 750 lots of HARDY PLANTS and BULBS, including Fruit Trees, Roses, Hollies, and Shrubs from Holland : choice Hardy Border Plants and Lilies, Standard and Dwarf Roses from English and French Nurseries ; Rhododendrons, Begonias, Gladioli, Anemones, Ranunculi, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Cymbidium Lowlanum (ReiclienbacU flls). MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY, March 17, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., thirty-one strong established plants of the above, which on flowering proves to be a new and beautiful species. Fifteen of the plants have strong spikes with flower- buds, and one has twelve fully expanded flowers, which are of large size, on a spike 28 inches in length. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Aerides crassifolium (described in Gardcneys' Chronkle, No. 176 and No. 199, as " the King of all Aerides "). CATTLEYA DOWIANA, and other choice ORCHIDS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C , on MONDAY, March 17. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., upwards of 600 imported plants of AERIDES CRASSI- FOLIUM, in splendid condition, with healthy leaves, many of large size, and making young roots. This is probably, without exception, the most lovely known species of the genus, as well as the most rare in collections. Also imported plants of Vanda ccerulescens, and upwards of 100 very fine plants of Cattleya Dowiana, 2Jo Odontoglossum Schleipperianum, just to hand by R.M. ss. Do?i. At the same time wiH be offered established plants of Phalsenopsis Schilleriana, P. amabilis, P. Luddeman- niana, Odontoglossum cirrhosum, with flower-spikes ; 100 O. Alexandrse, O. gloriosum, O. Roezlii, with flower-spikes ; Cypripedium Boxalli, C. villosum, flowering plants ; Dendro- bium Wardianum, D. chrysotoxum, D. suavissimum, Cym- bidium affine, and other choice ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Plants and Bulbs. MR. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C. , on WEDNESDAY. March ig. at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, and PALMS, from Ghent ; Standard and Dwarf ROSES, from France ; FRUIT TREES, SHRUBS, choice HERBACEOUS PLANTS, rare LILIES, GLADIOLI, ANEMONES, RANUNCULI, ^c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Important Sale of Odontoglossum Alexandrss, and OTHER NEW GRENADIAN ORCHIDS. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that he has received instructions from Mr. B. S. Williams, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, N., to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, March 20, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, 1000 plants of the lovely ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA ; also a quantity of plants of O. GLORIOSUM PILUMNA NOEILIS, &c. The plants will be sold without reserve, and are in the finest possible condition, just ready to start. In the consignment will be found some magnificent pieces, probably the largest ever imported to this country. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. New and Rare Orchids. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on FRIDAY, March 21, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, ESTABLISHED and IMPORTED ORCHIDS, among which will be found the magnificent new Oncidium Kienastianum, quite new ; Maxillaria rhombea, believed to be ofTered for the first time ; the white flowering Oncidium ornilhorrhynchum album ; the magnificent Phala;nopsis Lowii. large quantities of the beautiful Odontoglossum nebulosum, Cattleya citrina and Hartwegia purpurea, the rare Houletia Brocklehurstiana and Trichopilia Wagneriana, quantities of Odontoglossum l^ve, Laelia purpuracea. Oncidium unguiculatum, Odontoglossum Reichenheimi, Oncidium incurvum, Cattleya Mendeili, On- cidium macranthum, Arpophyllum spicatum, Odontoglossum pardinum, O. maculatum superbum, and a very large lot of O. Rossi majus, together with many other COOL ORCHIDS, the whole of which are in splendid condition, and which will be sold without reserve. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Importations of Lilium auratum and L. Krameri, in splendid condition. .TV/TR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his 1.V-L SALE, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY, March 24, 5000 splendid bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM from Japan, including many of unusual size : and 2000 fine roots of LILIUM KRAMERI ; 5000 TIGRIDIA GRANDIFLORA, from New Jersey; importa- tions of DION.«A MUSCIPULA and SARRACENIA FLAVA, received direct from New Jersey ; choice CVPRI- PEDIUMS, DISA GRANDIFLORA, and other hardy ORCHIDS, TREE FERNS, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Valuable Orchids, mostly in Flower. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Rev. J. B. Norman of Edgware, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, March 27, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, 400 lots of first-class ORCHIDS from this well-known collection, including Masdevallias in flower, Odontoglossum Alexandra, fine plants, in flower ; O. trium- phans, O. Pescatorei, O.scejjtrum, Trichopilia suavis, Ccelogyne conferta in flower ; Oncidiums, many varieties in flower ; Cypripedium Dominianum, Dendrobiums in variety in flower ; Cymbidium Eburneum, in flower ; Lycaste Skinneri alba in flower ; L^lia anceps Dawsoni, Cattleya exoniensis, and other varieties ; fine plants of Odontoglossum vexillarium, and many Other varieties. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. The Celebrated Collection of Plants at Dangstein. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Lady Dorothy Nevill to offer for SALE by AUCTION, on the Premises, Dangstein, near Petersfield, EARLY in MAY, this magnificent COLLECTION of PLANTS, without the slightest reserve, comprising Camellias and Azaleas, Palms, Dracaenas, Crotons, fine specimen Gleich- enias, a most beautiful Collection of Filmy Ferns, Tricho- manes radicans in quantity, a grand plant of Trichomanes reni- forme, Hymenophyllum demissum, &c, ; An^ectochilus, Peper- omias, Darlingtonias, Sarracenias, Platyceriums, &c. ; also a choice Assortment of ORCHIDS, consisting of large plants of Masdevallia Tovarensis, M. Veitchii, M. Harryana, Odonto- glossum pulchellum, splendid plants ; Cattleyas of sorts, Den- drobes of sorts, extra fine plants of Stanhopeas of sorts, Angrar- cum sesquipedale, Vandas, &c. Further detailed particulars in future advertisements. Auction Rooms and Offices,38. King Street, Covent Garden.W.C. Imported and Home-grown Lilies, Plants, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart. Tokenhouse Yard, near the bank, E.G., on MONDAY, March 17, at half- past II o'clock precisely, an Importation from Japan, consist- of very fine Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM. KRAMERI. TIGRINUM PLENUM and FORTUNEI. THUNBERGI- ANUM.SPECIOSUM ALBUM. and a rare Hardy ORCHID, viz., PLATANANTHERA RADIATA ALBO MARGI- NATA ; a quantity of Cypripedium spectabile, just arrived from the States ; a consignment from the Cape of Aponogeton dis- tachyon, Pelargoniums. Haemanthus, Brunsvigias, Sparaxis pulcherrima, Drimia, Strelitzia regtna, Freesias, Oxalis, and several others; 1000 fine roots of TIGRIDIA GRANDI- FLORA from America, a large quantity of first-class Hardy English-grown LILIES, BULBS, and PLANTS, including Agapanthus veltheimia, Dianella, Asparagus decumbems, Hypoxis, Hyacint'hus candicans, spotted-leaved Callas, Iman- tophyllum, Clivias, Crinums, Pancratiums. and others ; also Tree Carnations, Primulas. Phloxes, PICOTEES, and other Herbaceous Plants. Begonias, Carneas, choice Dahlias, &c. ; together with an Assortment of 350 Standard, Half-standard, and Dwarf ROSES, from a well-known English Nursery. View morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Importation from Japan. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS \ will include in their SALE at the Mart on MONDAY NEXT, a separate importation of looi good bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, 450 L. KRAMERI. also the very rare LILIUM MEDEOLIDES. and a black flowering LILY, 100 bulbs of the sweet-scented Orchid, PLATANANTHERA RADIATA ALBO MARGINATA. 60 good plants of CALANTHE SIEBOLDII. a new CALANTHE, and AERIDES JAPON- ICUM. Drawings may be seen at the time of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers. St. Allan's. CLEARANCE SALE.— Expiration of Lease. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Key- field Nursery, London Road, on TUESDAY, March 18, at 12 o'clock precisely, the whole of the valuable NURSERY STOCK, consisting of thousands of Evergreen, Conifers, and other Shrubs in great variety, Ornamental and Forest Trees, Roses, &c. ; also two Greenhouses, two Pits, Piping, Brick- work, and effects. On view. Catalogues had on the Premises and of the Auctioneers. N.B. The NURSERY TO BE LET. Full particulars of Messrs. P. & M. Important Sale of about 200 Choice Double Camellias, 2 to 4 feet, English-grown, in perfect health, well set ; fine AZALEA INDICAandotherGREENHOUSE PLANTS; a superb assortment of 500 handsome Standard and Dwarf ROSES of the best varieties : selected FRUIT TREES, hardy CONIFERS SHRUBS and AMERICAN PLANTS, with some fine Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City Auction Rooms, 38 and 39 Gracechurch Street, E.C., on TUESDAY, March 18, at 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, q8, Gracechurch Street, E.C.; and Leytonstone, E. In Liquidation. — Re William Rollisson & Sons. FINAL CLEARANCE SALE of PLANTS, together with the whole of the FIXTURES and UTENSILS in TRADE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by the Trustee to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nurseries, Tooting, S W., on WEDNES- DAY, March 19, and following days, the remaining indoor Plants, consisting of a choice assortment of STOVE PLANTS, PALMS and FERNS, GREENHOUSE and NEW HOL- LAND PLANTS, including several large Camellias planted out, also a number in pots ; also Azalea indica in the newest and best kinds ; a quantity of half-specimen Ericas, and a considerable number of small hard-wooded Heaths. Boronia megastigma and elatior, and other New Holland Plants ; Cyclamens, Bouvardias, tuberous-rooted Begonias, Yucca fila- mentosa variegata ; many thousands of Geraniums in store pots ; Roses in pots, the whole of the extensive collection of hardy HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS, mostly in pots ; Lilies, hardy ORCHIDS, together with the whole of the UTENSILS-IN-TRADE. SHOP FIXTURES, including two well-made nests of Seed Drawers, made to match, each 8 feet 6 inches by 6 feet 9 inches; Shop Counter, Lathe, Spring and Tumbril Carts, Cart Horse, Harness. 200,000 Flower Pots . capital Iron Safe, 500 Bell Glasses, Water Cans, Garden and Water Barrows, Lawn Mower, the Loose Frames and Sashes, and numerous other effects May be viewed prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be had of G. WHIFFEN. Esq., Accountant, 8, Old Jewry, E.G. ; of Messrs. LEWIS, MUNNS. and LONGDEN. 8, Old Jewry, E.G. ; and of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 98, Grace- church Street, E.C. N.B.— The valuble FREEHOLD ESTATE, of about 5.\. cR. 25i'.,with DWELLING-HOUSE, COTTAGES, the whole of the extensive Ranges of GLASS, TO BE LET or SOLD, with immediate possession. Terms on application to the Auctioneers. Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, N. POSTPONEMENT of SALE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg to announce that the CLEARANCE SALE adver- tised to take place on the above premises on Tuesday, March 18, is unavoidably DEFERRED UNTIL the AUTU^IN, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. Leamington. The Arboretum, close to two Railway Stations. IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of Choice Evergreen SHRUBS and TREES. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS wdl SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The Arboretum, by order of Mrs. Hitchman, on THURSDAY, March 27, at 12 o'Clock punctually, collections of unrivalled specimen Hardy CONIFER>E and EVERGREENS ranging all sizes, in fine condition for removal and which were carefully prepared last spring, consisting of handsomely trained and symmetrically grown plants admirably adapted for immediate effect. May be viewed and Catalogues obtained on application to Messrs. FIELD and SONS, Solicitors, Leamington ; of Mr. F. PERKINS, 51, Regent Street, Leamington ; and of the Auctioneers, gS, Gracechurch Street, E.G. I Brixton, S.W. About ten minutes' walk from two Stations, and 3 miles from Covent Garden. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, oti SATURDAY, March 29, at i for 2 o'Clock punctually, in one lot, the BENEFICIAL INTEREST in the LEASE of the Grove Nursery, Russell Road. North Brixton, S.W.^ighteen years' unexpired, at the exceedingly low rent of Cz P^r annum, with Six Greenhouses, Ranges of Pits. Cart-shed and SiablinR standing thereon. At the same time will be SOLD the whole of the NURSERY STOCK, comprising about 3000 Evergreens and Coniferse Shrubs, Flowering and Forest Trees in variety, fine Pyramid and Dwarf Fruit Trees, Standard and other Roses, &c. May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, London, E.C, and Leytonstone, E. REAT CLEARING SALE of NURSERY STOCK, Perryhill Nursery, Aberdeen. — In conse- quence of the death of Mr. Roy. the whole Stock is to be SOLD off without reserve by PUBLIC ROUP on FRIDAY. March 28, at 11 o'Clock. The Stock is extensive. Catalogues to be had on application to Messrs. COLLIE, Advocates, Aberdeen, Agents for Mr. Roy's Executors, or to the Auctioneer. JOHN WILSON, Auctioneer. Aberdeen. Trial Ground. WANTED TO HIRE, about TWO ACRES of LAND, for a Trial Garden ; must be in good heart and condition, and easy of access to the city. — Apply with full particulars to ALFRED LEGERTON, Seed Merchant, 5, Aldgatc. London, E. To BE SOLD, a SMALL NURSERY, well stocked and in good working order. Good neighbourhood for jobbing. With immediate possession. — Apply to C. FAIRNINGTON, 16, Maida Vale, Edgware Road, London, W. FOR SALE, by Private Bargain, a NURSERY and SEED BUSINESS. — Tt->e Busi- ness of Galloway & Graham, Nurserymen and Seedsmen, carried on at 138, Queen Street, Glasgow, with Nurseries at Old Kilpatrick, is offered for Sale, on account of the death of Mr. Galloway. The Stock at present is valued at £, 1 832 9J. 5*/. The firm have had a large connection. The Nurseries are favourably situated, and the stock is in good condition for a profitable Business being in prospect. — Further information can be obtained on application to the Subscribers, with whom Offers are to be lodged on or before March 26. MOORE AND BROWN, C.A., 128. Hope Street, Glasgow. H fi.fiTmp V To LET, about HALF an ACRE of LAND, enclosed with high wall, in full cultivation, Vines, &c.; with or without Stabling and Living Rooms. May be seen by appointment only, at 259, Mare Street, Hackney, E. To Nurserymen and Florists. TO LET ON LEASE, a most conveniently situated NURSERY and FLORIST BUSINESS, with excellent Dwelling-house, on the main road, i3 miles west of Covent Garden, and close to a railway station. There is about 1% acre of ground, good Stable and Coach-house, nine newly erected Greenhouses, four 40-feet ranges of Pits, and an unusually well-grown Stock, consisting of the best varieties of Pelargoniums, Cyclamens, Cinerarias, &c. Tins is an opportu- nity seldom met with. — Apply by letter only, to T. W., 3, Bridge Road, Isleworth, W. Notice to Debtors and Creditors. ALL PERSONS HAVING any CLAIM or DEMAND against the Firm of SALISBURY AND SMITH, of Melbourne, Derbyshire, Farmers and Market Gardeners, are requested to forward particulars of their CLiims to the undersigned, on or before APRIL 6, 1879, that they may be examined and discharged. All PERSONS INDEBTED to the said FIRM are requested to PAY the AMOUNT of their account forthwith to the surviving partner. ROBERT SMITH, Shawc Farm, Melbourne. March 4, 1879. Borougli of Wolverhampton, To LANDSCAPE GARDENERS. THE PARK and BATHS COMMITTEE of the Corporation of Wolverhampton invite DESIGNS for Laying-out the Interior of a proposed PUBLIC PARK, about 47 acres in extent, at an expenditure not exceeding ^5000. A Lithograph Plan and printed General Instructions and Conditions may be obtained from Mr. G. Eastlake ThomSi C.E., the Borough Engineer, at his Offices, Town Hall, oti ana after the 20th inst., on payment of One Guinea, which will be returned on receipt s. per 100 ; 505. per 1000. Twelve choice Show Varieties, %s. per 100. Package mcluded. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. Special Offer of Pelargoniums. WILLIAM BADMAN ofters Mrs. Pollock, 151. per 100: Vesuvius, ■]$. per 100, 605. per 1000 ; Master Christine and Madame Vaucher, \os. per 100 ; Sdver variegated May Queen and Crystal Palace Gem, los. per 100. Packing included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. FOR SALE, 4000 of good 3-yr, old Crown Bob GOOSEBERRY TREES, true to name. Price £^ per 1000, delivered at Spalding Station. Cash or reference required. Apply Mr. W. COLVIN, Money Bridge Gardens, Pinchbeck, Spalding. To tlie Trade. SEED POTATOS.— Our SPECIAL LIST, containing all the best English and American varieties £rown by us the past season, may now be had, post-free, on application. H. AND F. SHARPE, Seed Growers, Wisbech. Vines— Vines -Vines. BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that • his stock of VINES is this year unusually fine, and comprises all the leading kinds, including " Alnwick Seedling.' For descriptions and prices, see B. S. W.'s BULB CATA- LOGUE for this year. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London. N. "TX/TANGEL and SWEDE, Choice Stocks.— iJiX. We can offer our thoroughly guaranteed Stocks, in 1878 harvest of above, at very low prices to the trade. SANDER AND CO . Seed Growers, St. Albans. Good Things. JOHN MOGFORD, Exporter of CAPE t/ BULBS, can supply the Trade with all the leading kinds, DISA GRAN Dl FLORA, &c. 10, Camp Street Gardens, Cape Town. Florists' Flowers. T FORBES' CATALOGUE for 1879 *J • (50 pages) of all the newest and best Carnations Picotees, Pinks. Geraniums, Fuchsias. Pansies. Phloxes, Pent- stemons, Antirrhinums, Begonias, Verbenas, &c., is now ready and may be had free on application. * The Nurseries, Hawick, N. B. Special Cheap Offer. ToSEEDSMEN, MARKET GARDENERS, and OTHERS pEA, Jeyes' or Payne's Conqueror. About -1- 20 quarters. Handpicked, 151. per bushel; ii2j. per quarter. Samples on application to W. BALL AND CO., Bedford Road Nursery, Northampton. To the Trade. HNEW POTATO, •• PRIDE of ONTARIO " and F. SHARPE are now sending out • the above most prolific and handsome shaped new J-ctato. tull description and price may be had on application Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech. T Mangel Seed. OHN SHARPE is now prepared to make special low ofl-ers to the Trade of highly selected Stocks, 1878 growth, from exhibition Bulbs. _^_^___^ Bardney Manor, Lincoln. ■piOREST TR:eES, Seeing and Trans! ^LontsplenilJc^'dirn?""^'" "'""^ °' "•"''°'"= '^ "^^ Tl, T --CATALOGUES on application. The Lawson Seed and Nursery Company (Limited) Edinburgh. BOIJLTOI & PAUL, Horticultural Builders, Norwich, No. 64. PATENT PLANT PRESERVERS. Arranged to Build on Brick Walls. This is the Practical Gardener's and Nurseryman's favourite Frame, now largely used for storing the great quantities of bedding plants in winter, and in summer for growing Melons, &c. Section No. 64 shows the frame built on brickwork, with a pit sunk low enough for making a dimg bed for growing Cucumbers, Melons, fii:c. This form can be made up to any length required. (See List, free on application.) CASH PRICES, including two glass ends to each length, painted four times, glared with 21-oz. glass. Carriage paid. Length. Width. I Length. Width. Feet. Feet. £ s. d. Feet. Feet. £. s. d. 100 MELON and CTTCUMBER FRAMES Ready to dispatch on receipt of order. These Frames are made of the best red deal, thoroughly seasoned, and fitted by first-class workmen : 24 inches high at the back, 13 inches high in front ; painted three coats of good oil colour, glazed with the best 21-oz. glass, every pane of which is nailed in and bedded in putty — the best method of glazing known, and adopted by the most eminent Builders and leading Nurserymen (see the Garden for January 13. 1S77, p. 30). Iron handles to each light, and an iron strengthening bar across. Each light is 6 feet by 4 feet, and 2 inches thick. CASH PRICES. £, s. d. i-Light Frame 4 feet by 6 feet 2 2 -Light 3-Light 4-Light S-Light 6- Light No. 74. NEW THREE- aUARTER SPAN- ROOF GARDEN FRAME. Our illustration shows a New Frame for Growing Cucumbers, Melons, &c., and for storing plants. It is made to give greater height and more convenience than the Melon Frame, No, 75. The front is 11 inches high, without the light, 32 inches high at the ridge, and 22 inches high at the back. The front lights can be turned back on the lights behind, and the back lights turned on to the front lights, giving access to all the plants. They are made of the best red deal, sides and ends 1% inch thick, 2 inch lights ; all are painted three times and glazed with 21-02. sheet glass. CASH PRICES-Carriagepaid. From front Gearing extra to 8 ft. Long. to back. size and upwards. Size. Feet. Feet. £ s. d. £ s. d. No. I.. 4 6 3 o o • — No. 2.. 8 6 415 o 015 o No- 3.. 12 6 610 o 1 2 o No. 4.. 16 6 8 5 Q I 10 o No. 5 . . 20 6 10 o o 116 o SPECIAL NOTICE.— Carriage paid to any railway station in England, also to Dublin, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, on order of 405. and upwards. Jkeakage seldom occurs. Should any glass be broken we will send sufficient to repair it, carriage free. Packing Cases charged cost price, and half allowed when returned free to our Works. A^ew Illiistraied Catalogite of Greenhouses^ Plant Preservers, Melon Frames^ &^c.^ post-free. BOULTON & PAUL, NORV\^ICH. Now Ready. CRANSTON AND CO.'S TRADE LIST of NEW ROSES for 1879. King's Acre Nurseries; near Hereford. Paul's Koses. WM. PAUL AND SON'S stock of ROSES is large, of excellent quality, and uninjured by frost. Standards, j$s. per dozen and upwards ; Dwarfs, 9^. per dozen ; Climbers, 6s. per dozen. Priced Descriptive CATALOGUES free by post. Paul's Nurseries, Waliham Cross, N. RAC^NA COOPERII and TERMI- NAUS, from 6 to 24 inches, to be sold cheap. For prices, apply to W. AND T. SAMSON, Kilmarnock. ri^REE FERNS and PALMS.— Some fine JL specimens, SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS and a large SAGO PLANT, &c., to be sold, in consequence of Fern House being over-crowded. Apply, F., Box 17, Post-office, Wolverhampton. i^ ST)ecial Ofiei' AUCUBA JAPONICA, ij to 2 feet, fine plants, 30^. per loo ; about 2000 of them. Also several thousands of 5-yr. old transplanted QUICK, price 40J. per 1000. Several thousands of 3-yr. QUICK, finely rooted, 25^. per 1000; on Cash terms. Address, GEO. FLOWER, The Nurseries. Newark, Notts. LTERNANTHERAS of Sorts, from Stores, 8j. per 100, or 70J. per 1000. Orders now booked and executed in rotation. LIST of Carpet and other Bedding Plants free on application. Terms cash. WILLIAM MILES. West Brighlon Nurseries, Cliftonville, Sussex. The Lovely Cape Water Lily, APONOGETON DLSTACHYON.— Strong native roots, i^s. and -zis. per dozen, i,j. 6d. and zs. 6d. each. Price to the trade on application. HOOPER AND CO., Covent Garden, London, W.C. GLASTONBURY or HOLY THORN.— Strong plants of above, 3 to 4 feet high, 2s. 6d. each. Always blossoms at Christmas. J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. Roses, Fruit Trees, &c. WILLIAM FLETCHER'S CATALOGUE for the present season is now ready, and may be had on application. The stock is very large and most healthy. The Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey. TODEAS.— Healthy young plants of T. superba and T. hymenophyiloides (pellucida), free and safe by post. 2^. 6d. each for prepayment. Trade price (low) per loo, or lesser quantities, on application. ROBERT SIM, Sidcup Hill Nursery, Foot's Cray, Kent. Cabbage Plants. (CABBAGE PLANTS.— Can now supply the V.^ following, good strong healthy plants : — Early Battersea, Early Nonpareil, Early Enfield Market, Early Oxheart. Robin- son's Drumhead, and Red Pickling Cabbage. Prices on application. W. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, near Guildford. ULES DE COCK, Nurseryman, Ghent, Belgium, offers AZALEA JNDICA of all sizes, AZALEA MOLLIS, and A. PONTICA ; CAMELLIAS. DEUTZIA GRACILIS, DIELYTRA SPECTABILIS, SPIRVEA JAPONICA, PALMS for Table use, DRACAENAS, FERNS, and YUCCA VARIEGATA. CATALOGUES free on application. HARDY HEATHS.— 60,000 good plants, in great variety — fine for Edging. Bedding, Covering Banks or raised mounds. The prices, which are very low, will be found in the CATALOGUE, free per post. JAMES SMITH, Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to give • special quotations for their fine selected stocks of home-grown MANGEL WURZEL, and SWEDE and other TURNIP SEEDS of 187S growth, and raised from transplanted Bulbs. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. IVflLES' NEW HYBRID SPIRAL -i-VJ_ MIGNONETTE.— This being the best time to sow I beg to offer from the original stock, at is. per packet, or 12^. per dozen. The usual allowance to the trade. WILLIAM MILES, West Brighton Nurseries, Cliftonville, Sussex. Pansy Seed. DOWNIE AND LAIRD have to offer choice Fancy and Show PANSY SEED. Prices to the trade on application. DOWNIE AND LAIRD, Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists, 17, South Frederick Street, Edinburgh. Bedding Geraniums, Lobelias, &;c. GERANIUM, Wonderful (the semi-double Vesuvius), 10s. per 100; stock plants with cuttings on, ^s. 6d. per dozen, tss. per 100 ; blaster Christine, lOJ. 6d. per 100 ; Leamington Lassie, 5^. per dozen ; all strong autumn- struck plants. LOBELIA. St. Martin's Blue, js. 6d. per 100 ; Brighton, 5^; pumila maenifica 4^. 6d., post-free. BEDDING VIOLAS and PANSIES, a choice collection 10s. 6d. to 145. per 100. J. J. MARRIOTT, Highfield Nurseil-S. Matlock. Camellias. WM. PAUL AND SON (Successors to the late A. Paul & Son, established 1806), Paul's Nurseries, Waltham Cross, Herts, invite attention to their large stock of the above. The collection, which comprises upwards of 200 varieties, is now coming into flower, and will continue in bloom throughout February and March. Plants nicely set with bloom-buds can be supplied, from 30J. to 123J. per dozen. Specimen plants from 21s. to £^0 each. Visitors by railw.iy can enter the Nurseries from the plat- form, Waltham Station, Great Eastern Kailway, half an hour's ride from London. 324 THE X GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 15, 1879, Surplus Stock, to Clear Ground. MESSRS. CRANSTON and CO. are offer- ing at very reduced prices the following well grown Nursery Stock : — ' LAUREL, fine bushy plants. 2 to 2^ feet, \is. td. per 100 ; "^-Yi to 3 feet, 16.T. per too; 3 to 4 feet, soy. per 100 YEW, bushy, 2 to 2Y2 feet, 205. per 100 ; 2^2 to 3 leet, 30s per ICO ; 3 to 4 feet, 50J. per 100. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, ?i to i foot, 15J. per 100; I to lYz foot, 20J. per 100; bushy, ij^ to 2 feet, 25V. per 100. BOX. Tree, i to ij^ foot, \os. 6d. per loa ; 1% to 2 feet, 151. per roo ; 2 to ^% feet, 2oy. per ico. THUJA WAREANA, 2 10 3 feet, 25^. per 100; 3 to 4 feet, 30J. per ICO. „ LOBBI. 3 t0 4 feet, 6s. per d^zen : 4 to 5 feet, 91. per dozen ; very fine, 5 to 6 feet, \2s. per dozen. PINUS EXCELSA, i!< to 2 feet. 6s. per dozen ; 2 to 3 feet. Qj. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, 12s. per dozen. ,, AUSTKIACA, 3 to 4 feet, 6^ per dozen; 4 to 5 feet, 9-. per dozen ; 5 to 6 feet, i-2s. per dozen. ABIES DOUOLASII, 3 to 4 feet. I'.s. per dozen; 4 to 5 feet. i^s. per dozen ; splendid plants, 5 to 6 feet, 24^ per dozen. CEDRUS ATLANTICA. 2 to 3 feet. 9^. per dozeo ; 3 to 4 feet. I2S. per dozen. CEDRUS DEODARA, i>< to 2 feet, 12^. per do^en ; 2 to 3 feet, iSr. per dozen. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 2 to 3 feet, i6x. per too; 3 to 4 feet. 251. per luo. HEMLOCK SPRUCE, 2fi to 3 feet, 6s. per dozen; 3 to 4 feet. 9^. per dozen. PICEA LASIOCAKPA. i to \% foot, 241. per dozen ; fine. 1J3 to 2 feet, 305. per dozen. ,, NORDMANNIANA. \}i to 2 feet, 151. per dozen ; 2 to ■2% feet, 185. per dozen ; 2'^ to 3 feet, 24J per dozen ; 3 to 3^.< feet, 30J. per dczsn. RETINOSPORA PISIFERA. 2 to 3 feet, 12^. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, iSi. per dozen. THUJOPSIS bOREAUS, 2 to 3 feet, i3j. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet. 24?, per dozen. WELLING TON IAGTGANTEA,transoIanted last sprins;. i)z to 2 teet, i8i\ ppr dizen ; 1 to 2ji feer, 241. per dozen ; 2'/ to 3 feet, 30s pi^r ili z^n. ACER NKGUNI>0VAKIEGVIA, standard. 9J. per dozen. SCARLET CHRSTNllT, standard. i2.f to iSy. per dozen. PEARS and CHERRIE.S, standard and dwatf-irained, very fine, i8i" to 24s. per doz-ii. PEARS, Pyramid, bearmi; trees, gj. to i8i- per dozen. PEACHES, NECTARINK.S. and APRICOl'S. dwarf-trained. PEARS, Maiden 3.) to 40 leading varieties. 4^^. per loo. MANETFI .STOCKS, 50.000. from our own selected stock. MARI5CHAL NIEL ROSES, standard and dwarl, exra fine ground plants, ROSES, dwarl 'J ea-scented, strong established plants, in 5-inLh pots. LIST of KOSES, ii. chiding the new Roses for 1879, on application. CRANSTON'S Nurseries. King's Acre, Hereford. V~K PLUS STOCK. COLCHTC LAUREL. 3 to 4 feet, strong and bushy. SYCAMORE. lY- to 3 feet. PINUS AUSTRLAC.A, i to 1Y2 foot. LARCH, 15 to 24 inches. SPRUCE KIR. 12 to 15 inches. Samples and Prices on application. A. W. BARNES, Nurseryman and Seed Merchant, High Street, Skipton, Vorkshire. EEDS FOR SALE.— Brussels Sprouts, Early Cabbage, Myatt's Extra Curled Parsley, Yellow Intermediate Mangel, all from selected stock. Also a few tons uf SnOA'flake Pol.-itos, Fur lowest cash ptic« apply to F. AND C. MYATT, Offenham, Evesham. Seed Potatos. THE BEST MATN-CROP POTATO THAT CAN BE GROWN IS "MAGNUM BONUM." Withstands Disease better than any other sort. Is the most abundant Cropper, 210 sacks of 240 lb. each per Acre having been lifted. MR. LAWDEN, "The Uplands," Hands- worth, near Birmingham, can .supply genuine SEED of this POTATO, for whicii he was awarded a Prize at the Great Root Show, in November list. Prices in bags ol i cwt., 15s. No charge for bags. Free on Rail, or to any address in Birmingham, on receipt of Post-office Order or Cheque H O I CE FLOWER SEEDS. c STOCK, East Lothian, very select strains „ Crimson, superb. For opinions of eminent Horllcultufists, see Advertisement in Gardeners' Chronicle of Jan. 18. „ Purple, Scarlet, White, and White Wallflower-leaved, per packet, 6' large =;tock of the under- mentioned TREE.S. 8:c., in fine condition for removal, have much pleasure in offj^ring them at the following low prices ; — ASH, 2 to 2^ feet, fine, i8r. per looo. BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, i to xYz foM, very fins. iis. per 10 30. ELMS, Canadian, 8 to lo feet stems, w th good heads, loor. per loo. ,, English (upright), 6 to 7 feet stems, fine, with goodheads, f)os. per 103. HORNHEAM, 2 to 3 feet, fine, 2or. per iodo. LIMES, 8 to 9 feet, very fine, 50.1. per 100; 9 to 11 feet, ditto, 7&r. per 100. PRIVET, common. 2 feet, bushy, \os. per 1000. „ OVALl FOLIUM, 3 to 4 feet, very fine, 50?. per 1000. WALNUTS, 6 to 7 feet stems, nice head^, 60s. per 100. CHERRIES, Morello, dwarf-trained, splendid stuff, i8f. p. do«. APRICOTS. Moorpark, dwarf-trained, splendid sivifT, 20J, per dozen. ROSES, extra fine standards, large heads, fine varieties, 4 feet stem^, no better in the trade, our selection, 70^. p. loa. APPLES, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, 60^. per 100. PE.\RS, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, 70s. per 100. General CATALOGUE of Seed and Herbaceous Plants post- free on application. DARLEY DALE NURSERIES. — One Hundred and Sixty Acres of Ground covered with TREES and SHRUBS. Many thousands are grown for Ornamental Planting, Amongst them we have large quantities of Picea nobilis, P. Nordmanniana, P. balsamea ; Finns Cembra, P. Strobus, P. Laricio ; Cryptomeria elegans, japonici, and Lobbii ; Yews, Common and Irish, Golden in several varieties ; Retinospora?, many kind^ ; Cupressus Lawsoniani and many beautiful varieties, inchiding iutea and Smith's argentea ; Libocedrus decurrens ; fine Wellingtonias ; Ctdrus Deodara, &c. Also many fine specimens not m-^ntionei in ihe CATALOGUE Also large quint. ties of Flowering Shrutjs, Ribes, Lilacs, VVei^elias, &c. Prices and sizes in CATALOGUE sent free on application to J.-\MES SMITH, Darley Uale Nuiseiies, Matlock. O THE T R A d""eT SWEDE, Hall's Westbury Purple-top, 200 bushels ueit growth of present !-eason. CABBAGE, Early Rainham and Enfield Market, neit growth present season. Prices on application to W. COCKS, Monk's Hall, Gosberton, Spalding. LPAILLET, NURSERYMAN, Chatenay les • Sceaux, near Paris, has to olTer the following :— Roses, F'uit Trees, iniiden or trained ; Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Tree and sinensis Paeonies ; Magnolia Lenne, oxoniensiis and others ; Camellias, Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Clematises. Conifer^, Bamboos, Yuccas, tuberous Begonias, Viola Belle de Chatenay and others ; Trees for Avenues, such as .Acers, Flatai.us. Horse Chestnut. FRUITTREE STOCKS, FOREST TREES, and others of every description, grown in large qiiniitities ; Manetti, De la Grifferaie and Brier Rose Stocks. Send for Trade List and Catalogues to L P., as above : or to his Agents in London, Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, IS, Harp Lane, Great Tower Street, E.C. TO THE TRADE. 100,000 LARCH FIR, transplanted. 75,ooj ASH, transplanted. 50.000 CHESTNUTS. Spanish, transplanted. 50.000 -M. AN ETTI STOCKS. 20.000 LAURELS, Common. 5,000 AUCUBAS. 5,000 LAURELS. Portugal. STANDARD ROSES. ASPARAGUS PLANTS. 2. 3 and 4-yr. Extra fine Dwarf-trained PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS, APPLES, PEARS. PLUMS, and CHERRIES, also fine Pyramid APPLES and PEARS. WM. WOOD AND SON, The Nurseries, Maresfield, Uckfield, Sussex. /"tATTLEYA MENDELII, CATTLEYA V^ GIG.^S, ODONTdGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.1C. O. PESCA.TOREI, O. TRIUMPH ANS, O PHAL.tNOPSIS, &c. : ONCIDIUMS of sorts, macranthum, amplialum majus, cucuilatum, &c., and a quantity of other beautiful ORCHIDS cliicHy for cool culture. Before ordering, send for the 'New Plant and Bulb Company's" LIST. "These plants come from our own collectors, and can be supplied either just arrived very cheaply, or semi-established from last year's importations. Lion Walk, Colchester, Special Offer of QTRONG FRUITING \'INES O to the Trade. BLACK HAMBURGH. I DUKE OF BUCCLEUCH. BLACK ALICANTE. | FOSTER'S SEEDLING. MUSCAT OF ALEXANDRIA, &c. 4^. 6/. each, or 45s. per dozen. FRUIT TREES, ROSES, CONIFERS, in great variety. CATALOGUES on application. W. G. CALDWELL and SONS, The Nurseiies, Knulsford, Cheshire. To tha Trade. SPECIAL PRICES ON APPLICATION GEORGE COOPER, Seed Merchant, Hertford, begs to ofTer the following, of the choicest stocks : — BEET, Red.Cooper'sE.\celsior ONION, White Spanish BROCCOLI, Hill's June I „ White Globe CUCUMBER, Improved Tele- ] „ Bedfordshire Champion graph [Matchless CELERY, Cooper's Improved PARSLEY. Cutled. Cooper's White SWEDE, Cooper's Improved BROMPTON STOCK, Large Purple-top Giant Scarlet TURNIP, ImprovedAberdeen CYCLAMEN PERSICUM. Green-top Yellow I from large flowers. BEDS LILIES FOR AND GROUPS. LILIUM AURATUM, by the dozen, hundred or thousand. at Qd.. ir., and \s. 6d. and 2s. 6d. Trade price on application. A magnificent v.iriely, of a fine robust constitution ; its fruit growing rapidly to the length of 30 to 36 inches, being at the same time of the most beautiful proportions and splendid quality. Immensely prolific, and unrivalk-d for exhibition or general use. IWlIilEE^BRO A-Lmm BoRWiQ'.tr. ima>:i...s. 326 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 15, 1879. A TrrM. POTTEN can supply the following, BEECH, Common, 3 to 5 feet. CHESTNUTS, Seedling, Spanish, strong, i-yr. CURRANTS. Red, strong. GOOSEBERRIES, Crown Bob and Rifleman, strong. Prices on application. \V. P.'s CATALOGUE of Bedding Plants is now ready, and will be sent post-free to all applicants. Camden Nursery, Sissinghurst, Staplehurst, Kent. RHODODENDRONS— Ponticums, hybrids No. I and No. 2, Catawbiense and its hybrids. The best named kinds, and thousands of dwarf kinds. Forty Acres are covered with Rhododendrons, and the plants are suitable for any Garden, and cheap enough to plant for Covert, and are mostly grown on land 1000 feet above the sea. For 5000 or 10,000 of one kind special offers will be made. CATALOGUE free per post. JAMES SMITH. Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. CLARKIA, Hardy's new Double SALMON QUEEN and PURPLE KING. —Two First-Class Certificates were awarded to H. I. Hardy by the Royal Horticultural Society, July 7, 1875. _ •' Hardy's Clarkias.— We have never seen nner double Clarkias than these \M.\xx."—Cardeneri' Chronicle, July :8, 1875. Caution.— The Trade, to ensure these fine Clarkias true, should be careful to give their orders to the Raiser. Price by the pound or ounce on application. H. I. HARDY, Stour Valley Seed Grounds, Bures, Suffolk. OHN WATERER and SONS, Bagshot, Surrey, beg to offer : — ■ 5000 LAURELS, Portug,al, 3 to 4 feet. 5000 YEWS, English, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. 5000 FIRS. Spruce. 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. 5000 HOLLIES, Green. 2, 3, and 4 feet. Price on application. Special. MILLION HERBACEOUS AND ALPINE PLANTS, which must be moved m conse- quence of having to clear a portion of my ground required by the GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY COMPANY, for the purpose of widening their line. I have decided, in order to ensure a QUICK CLEARANCE, to offer the same at VERY REDUCED RATES. Priced Lists are now ready and will be forwarded, witFl^EW ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, on application. THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London. New Exhibition and Decorative Fuclislas and BEDDING PELARGONIUMS. JAMES LYE, Clyffe Hall, Market Lavington, Wilts, has the pleasure to offer a second batch of fine new varieties of Fuchsias of his own raising-, all of which are decided advances on the varieties in cultivation. They have been selected specially for their most desirable habits of growth and great freedom of blnom. Dark Varieties. CRIMSON GLOIIK 1 SPITFIRE Light Varieties. MRS. GRANT I PliNK PERFECTION MISS WELSH I STAR OF WILTS Plants arc noit) ready, 3J- 6(f. each. FriiC, the set o/Six varieties^ i8j. The usual discoimt to the Trade. New Dwarf Bedding Pelargoniums. The ioUowmg new varieties are remarkable fjr their dw:irf and compact habits of growth, and the great freedom with which the trusses nf bloom are produced : — HETTY DEAN I RADIANCE LUSTROUS I ROSETTA MAGENTA QUEEN (Nos^^ay) 3^. (id. each. The set of five vaj-ieties, i^s. The usual discount to the Trade. The set of Six Fuchsias and the set of Five Pelar^oniiaKS, 30,1. Lobelia— Blue Beard. A remarkably fine variety of the specie sa type — the finest vet offered, compact free branching habit, rich bright deep blue in colour, and with finely formed flowers of unusual size, measuring three quarters of an inch across. Highly recom- mended for all purposes. Extra strong plants, zs. &d. each; fer dozen, 2-js. 6d. Descriptive List on application. A remittance must accom- pany each Order from unknown correspondents. Post-office Orders payable to JAMES LVE, Market Lavington, Wilt?. Potatos for Planting. JOHN .\ND GEORGE McHATTIE, Seed Growers, Chester, can still supply fine samples of the following :— PATERSON'S VICTORIA, SNOWFLAKE, OLD FLUKE. MYATTS PROLIFIC KIDNEY, FORTY FOLD, MAGNUM BONUM, AMERICAN EARLY [ROSE, SCHOOLMASTER, And several other choice kinds. Price LIST will be sent, post-free, on appUcarion. E W AZALEA I N D I CA of real merit. The following are now offered in good clean healthy plants, with buds, at reduced prices, viz. :— EMPEREUR DU BRESIL (J. V.).— Large double flowers, pure rose, finely ^nd broadly edged with a pure white bands. Extra fine plants, with buds, 12s. ; strong plants, 12 inches in diameter, 21.J. TRIOMPHE DES DOUBLES ELANCS {J. V.).— A per- fect gem ; was awarded several first prizes for the best seedling Aralea at different shows. Strong plants, ■21s. REINE DE PORTUGAL (J. V.),— A first-class double-white variety. Strong plants, with buds, 6s. ORANGE BRILLANT (J. V.). — One of the best dark orange-flowered varieties. Very strong plants, with buds, 12^- IMPERATRICE CHARLOTTE (Comte de Beaufort).— A very fine variety, rosy salmon, edged white, and striped with crimson and pink. Very strong plants, 125. The collection of fine sorts for 4S5. Early orders solicited by JEAN NUYTENS VERSCHAFFELT, The Nurseries, 134, Faubourg de Bru.xelles, Ghent, Belgium. STERLING NOVELTIES. s HARPE'S INVINCIBLE PEA. The finest Blue Marrow Pea in cultivation. Extraordinary cropper : pods containing 12 to 13 peas. Per Quart, "zs. 6d. ; per Half-pint, is., post-free. S HARPE'S RAUCEBY HALL MELON. Unequalled for flavour, and abundant cropper. Per Packet, 2s. 6d. QHARPE'S CONQUEROR LONG-POD 10 BEAN. As an exhibition variety unexcelled ; pods 12 to 14 inches long. Per Pint, 2S. 6d. QHARPE'S EMPEROR RED BEET. VD The perfection of Red Beet, either for bedding or culinary purposes. Per Packet, is, S HARPE'S PRIZE WHITE SPANISH ONION. There is nothing finer in White Spanish Onions than this variety. For exhibition it has no equal. Per Packet, is. HARPE'S LINCOLN GREEN PARSLEY. Deep green, well curled, and not affected by hot weather. Per Packet, 6d. s All sent Free by Post, except Peas. PRICE TO THE TRADE ON APPLICATION. Catalogues Post-free. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED MERCHANTS AND GROWERS, SLEAFOBD. EDELWEISS. (GNAPHALIUM LEONTOPODIUM, Jacq ) HARLES SHARPE AND CO. havmg received a small supply of Seed of the above little Alpine Plant with woolly allvery-white bracts, can offer Packets post-free at is. 6d. each. Its cultivation presents no difficulty, and full instructions will be sent with each packet. c s s s HARPE'S extra choice CALCEOLARIA. Per Packet, as. 6d. HARPE'S extra choice CINERARIA. Per Packet, ss. 6d. HARPE'S extra choice PRIMULA SINENSIS. Red, While and Mixed. Per Packet. 2^. 6d. These three varieties of Florist's Flowers are the finest ever offered, having been carefully selected for years and grown specially for us. Illustrated Catalogue of Hardy Peremiials. THOMAS S. WARE has pleasure in announcing the issue of the above for the present year, containing New, Rare, and Select Hardy Perennials, with which is combined extensive Lists of Aquatics, Bog Plants, Hardy Terrestrial Orchids, Bamboos, and Ornamental Grasses. Gratis and post-free on application. Hale Farm Nurseiies, Tottenham, London. Special List of Cheap Orchids. BS. WILLIAMS, having recently received • from his Collectors and Correspondents in different parts of the world large consignments of ORCHIDS, and through having purchased several Collections in this country is now in a position to offer good young healthy Plants of the fol- lowing species and varieties at more reasonable prices than it has been possible hitherto to sell at. An inspection is respect- fully invited :— Established.— J. d. Aerides roseum . . . . 10 6 „ crispum . . . . 10 6 ,, virens .* .. 10 6 „ odoratum majus . . 76 ,, Lobbii .. .. 15 o „ Fieldingii . . . . 15 o Cattleya Mendelii (im* ported) . . . . 10 6 ,, AclanditE.. ..10 6 ,, citrina .. .. 36 ,, Triania; .. ..10 6 „ Warscewiczii deli- cata . . ..150 ,, Warnerii .. ,. 15 o ,, lobata .. .. 10 6 ,, crispa . . ..50 Calanthe Veitchii . . 76 ,, vestita luteo oc- culata .. .,26 ,, „ rubro occulata 2 6 Ccelogyne cristata .. 50 Cymbidium eburneum., 15 o '„ Mastersii .. .. 15 o Cypripedium barbatum superbum .. 36 „ insigne . . ..26 ,, spectabile.. .. 36 „ Boxalii .. .. 50 „ Pearcei . . . . 3 ^ „ Harrisianum .. 76 ,, niveum .. ..50 D end robin m formosum giganteum .. 50 ,, chrysotis .. .. 10 6 ,, cretaceum., .. 36 ,, Pierardii .. ..36 „ pulchellum piu"pu- reum . . ..36 .. Findleyanum ..10 6 Established.—*, d. Dendrobium bigibbum 7 6 „ nobile . . • . 36 ,, chrysanthum ..36 Epidendrum vitelUnum majus (imported), from 2 6 Limatodes rosea Lycaste Skinneri Masdevallia Lindeni ,, polysticta .. ,, Harry ana . . ,, ignea Odontoglossum Insleayi leopardinum „ Haim ,, hystrix „ cirrhosum.. _ .. 36 „ pulchellum majus 3 6 ,, Phalsenopsis (im- ported) . . - . 76 ,, Rossii majus (im- ported) . . ..76 Oncidium aurosum . . 50 „ Bauerii . . ..50 ,, sphacelatum . . 50 ,, incurvum .. .. 76 „ verrucosum .. 5 ,, concolor .. ..10 „ flexuosum.. .. 3 ,, Papilio .. .,7 ,, Krameri .. -.5 Pleione lagenaria . . 3 „ WaUichiana . . 3 Saccolabium ampul- laceum .■ ■ ■ 5 o „ Elumei majus . . 76 ,, curvifolium ..76 Vanda tricolor insignis 10 6 ,, tricolor .. .. 10 6 __ ,, Roxburghii .. 15 o Specimens of the above can be suppUed, prices of which will be forwarded on application. B. S. WILLIAMS', Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N. _^^___^_^_ EUONYMUS EUROP^US.— Offers for cash ;— i-yr. seedlings, gs. per looo, .£♦ per 10,000 ; 2-yr. seedlings, 13s. 6,i. per 1000, £6 per 10.000 : 3-y- seedlings, i6s. per 1000, A7 los. per 10,000 ; 3-yr. seedlings, replanted. 18^. per 1000. , A. RATHKE AND SON, The Nurseries, Praust, near Danzig, Germany. Season 1879. VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS V of Superior Quality. Carriage Free. Priced Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing select Lists of these, also Potatos for planting. Hybrid Gladioli, and other Garden Requisites, is now published, and will be sent post-free on application. DICKSON AND ROBINSON, Seed Mcichants and Nurserymen, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester M. KNIGHT, of the Floral Nurseries, Hailshara, Sussex, offers from his large Stocks of Standard and Dwarf ROSES. FRUIT TREES of all sires. Scarlet and other RHODODENDRONS well set with buds, CONIFER/E and EVERGREENS, and DECIDUOUS TREES for Avenues, by the dozen, too or 1000, at very low prices for well-grown stuff. ^_^ To Gentlemen, Builders, and the Trade. ROBERT AND GEORGE NEAL, Wandsworth Common and Garrett Lane Nurseries, beg respectfully to call attention to their large and varied Stock of HARDY. ORNAMENTAL, FOREST. FRUIT TREES and SHRUBS, which are grown at their Nurseries, especially those Trees, &c., which are most suitable for growing in or neat large towns. An early inspection invited. All goods delivered free on rail in London, or at own residence, within five miles ©f the Nurseries. CATALOGUES free by post on application. E G O N I A S E E D . — Handsome New Kinds. Saved from exceedingly beautiful varieties of the handsome- flowered tuberous-rooted section. The flowers have all been carefully fertilised, so that splendid new kinds may be expected from this seed. js. 6d. and 2i. 6d. per packet. PRIMULA. CINERARIA, and CALCEOLARIA, from Prize strains, the best that can be purchased, each at js. td. and IS. 6d. per packet. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. Selected Giaut Brussels Sprouts. LOWNDES' TRUE AIGBURTH STOCK. TAMES TYNAN begs to offer Seed of this fJ celebrated Brussels Sprouts, grown by Mr. John Lowndes for the last fifteen years. It grows to a height of 3 feet, and is completely covered from the top to the ground with large firm Sprouts, whichduring the recent severe weather have resisted the action of the frost most wonderfully. It is imdoubtedly supe- rior to any other variety grown. T/u- Gardens, Sand Hall, Hazfd^ft, Sept. a8, 1S76. •' Your ' Selected Giant ' Brussels Sprouts is a great improve- ment on the old kinds, being much larger both in stem and Sprout. Wc have a quantity of fine hard Sprouts already. " H. Craike." In packets i^. each, post-free. Seed Warehouse, 68, Great George Street, Liverpool. March ij, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 327 IIXTUEES OP &RASS SEEDS AID CLOTEES. James Veitch & Sons, ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. "finest mixtube fob pebutanent pastubes and meadow lands. Containing only the most suitable Grasses and Clovers. 2%s. to 30^. per acre. J. V. 6-» Sons can also supply a very good Mix/ure at 25J. per acre. FINEST MIXTUBE FOB PABKS, FIELD LAWNS, CEMETEBIES, &c. Composed of the finest evergreen varieties only. 16s. per bushel. FINEST MIXTUBE FOB GABDEN LAWNS, BOWLING GBEENS, &c. This Mixture has been most carefully prepared from the finest dwarf kinds, and cannot fail to give satisfaction. zos. per bushel, \s. per pound. BENOVATING MIXTUBE FOE BENEWING AND IMPBOVING OLD PASTUBES. 91/. per pound, JSs. per cwt. FOR ALTERNATE HUSBANDRY. ITALIAN OB ANNUAL BYE-GBASS AND MIXED CLOVEES. For One Year's Hay and Pasture. 12^. per acre. ITALIAN AND PEBENNIAL BYE-GBASS AND MIXED CLOVEBS. For One Year's Hay and One Year's Pasture. 14^. per acre. GBASS SEEDS AND CLOVEBS. For three or four years' lay. These Mixtures are formed of the best Clovers, Fescues, Rye-grasses, &c., according to requirement. 1 7 J. to 1 8 J. 6d. per acre. ^° Grass Seciis required for any particular situation or soil can always be supplied suitable, on a description of the soil to be laid down being gii'en. Special Prices for large quaiitities on application. For Prices and Descriptions of finest Cleaned Natural Grasses, Clovers, Mangels, Swedes, and all other Agricultural Seeds, see CATALOGUE, sent post-free on application. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. TO OBTAIN THE BEST LAV/NS, | THE BEST BOWLING GREENS, THE BEST CROQUET GROUNDS, i THE BEST CRICKET GROUNDS, S O \\' PBIZE MEDAL, PBIZE MEDAL, PABIS, 1878. ^'^^Ifl^ipjgM^^^Kr ---"' "^ PABIS, 1878. SUTTON'S PRIZE LAWN CRASS SEEDS AS SOWN AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE, SYDENHAM, AND ALSO AT THE PARIS UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION, 1878. " The Lawns shown by Messrs. Sutton's Agent are at least equal in beauty, vigour, and luxuriance to those shown by any other exhibitor. They are of extraordinary beauty and evenness and form throughout one charming veh'ety carpet." — From ''^ L'Eeho Agricole," November, 1S7S. Price, Is. per pound, 20s. per bushel, Carriage-free. SUTTON'S PAMPHLET ON MAKING NEW OR IMPROVING OLD GRASS LAWNS, Gratis and post-free on application. SUTTON & SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. To the Trade or Otherwise. SCOTCH FIR, 1,500,000 (True) 2-year Seedlings, excellent stuff, 8,000,000 SCOTCH FIR (True), i-yr. Seedlings. W. WISEMAN AND SON, Elgin, N.B. •Richard Smith &.C2-' %^ Wo R C E S TE R #7 F IFTY ACRES of FRUIT TREES.- Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries, Peaches, Nectarines. , Apricois, and other Fruit Trees, as Standards, Dwarfs, Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon and Trained Trees in great variety, all full of vigour and warranted true to name. Descriptive Price List, containing a sketch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure, Pruning, Lifting, Cropping. Treatment under Glass ; also their Synonyms, Quality, Size. Form, Skin, Colour, Flesh, Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season, Price, &c., for a penny stamp. TWELVE ACRES of ROSES.— Standard, Dwarf, and Climbing, all the popular sorts : also 80,000 choice Tea Scented and Noisette Roses in pots ; extra strong Roses in pots for immediate forcing. See Descriptive Price List, free for a penny stamp. GRAPE VINES and ORCHARD HOUSE TREES in POTS. — Grape Vines, extra strong, and warranted free from phylloxera, oidium, and all disease ; Planting Canes, t,s. 6d. to 5^. each; extra strong Fruiting Canes, js. 6d. to loj. 6il. each. Orchard-house Trees, fruiting in pots, con- sisting of Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, Plums, Cheip-ies, Pears, Apples, and Figs. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. WORCESTER PEARMAIN APPLE (awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horti- cultural Society). — One of the handsomest and most useful Apples in cultivation. For full description see " Extract from ih&yoiiriial of Horticulture" and Richard Smith S: Co.'s Fruit List, which may be had for a penny stamp. Coloured Plates, 6;/. each. Maiden Trees. \s. dd. each ; Bushes, 35. each ; Standards, Pyramid and Dwarf-trained Trees, -^s. td. and 5^. each. HARDY HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS, their scientific and English names, height, colour, time of flowering, and other useful information. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. Collection of 100 beautiful hardy varieties for Garden Beds, Borders, or Rock- eries, for 30^. LIST of all the EVERGREEN FIR TRIBE, suitable for Britain, giving size, price, popular and botanical names, derivations, description, form, colour, foliage, growth, timber, use in arts, native country, and size there, situation, soil, and other information, with copious index of their synonyms. Free by post for si.v stamps. r 1ST of STOVE and GREENHOUSE .1 i PLANTS, comprising the best selections of Camellias, Azaleas, Ericas, Epacris, Ferns, &c., free for a penny stamp. LIST of EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, RHODODENDRONS, STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES, CLIMBING and TWINING PLANTS, with their generic, specific, and English names, native country, height, time of flowering, colour, &c., and general remarks, free for a penny stamp. ALL kinds of GARDEN SEEDS, of first quality, RULES. MUSHROOM SPAWN, TOBACCO PAPER, ARCHANGEL MATS, and other GARDEN REf'l'lSITKS. Ste List>, wliirh mav tii^ li^"! on aptiHcation. •R I C H AR D S MI t.H & G% k^ \\fO R C E S T E R i#, DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE. DANIELS' DEFIANCE CABBAGE, Giant Early Marrow. THE EARLIEST IN CULTIVATION. " It is a splendid Cabbage. Mrs. Williams cut some last season only eight weeks planted out, weighing 7 lb. each." — Mrs. Williams, Kilmaganny, Ireland. THE BEST FLAVOUKED CABBAGE. " I am greatly pleased with your Defiance Cabbage, which is in all respects the best flavoured, mildest, and finest I have ever seen." — Rev. H. N. Ormsby, Carrig Vicarage, Jan. 13, 1S79. THE BEST EXHIBITION VARIETY. " I have taken two First Prizes this year with your Defiance Cabbage. I have not seen a Cabbage in this neighbourhood to equal them." — Mr. Tappenden, Lee, August 8, 1875. THE MOST PROFITABLE KIND TO GROW. *' I had a packet of Daniels' Defi- ance Cabb.\ge seed of you last season, and have hati some noble Cabbages. Some ol them I sold in the market at sd. and 6d. each, such as have not been seen in our market."— T. S. Wood, Shrewsbury. Is the finest and best Cabbage in the world for all purposes, beating every other variety for earliness quality, flavour and size. Price in our own Sealed Packets, is. 6d. each, ss. per oz. DANIELS BBOS., SEED GROWERS, NORWICH. 328 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 15, 1879. CYMBIDIUM EBURNEUM.— Good eslablished plants of this truly magnificent Orchid at 50 Gs. per 100, Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road. Chelsea, London, S.W. OLD MEDAL BEGONIAS.— Seed saved from our unrivalled collection of named varieties, in sealed packets, \s. 6d. and 2s. 6d. post free. Special offers to the Trade. JOHN LAING AND CO., Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E. NGLISH YEWS.— Extra transplanted and well furnished, 3 to 4 feet, qs. per dozen, 60s. per 100 ; 4 to t; feet, i2s. per dozen, gor. per 100. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. Roses» Roses. DOWNIE AND LAIRD are now sending out the above, the Finest Varieties in Cultivation, at g^. per dozen, selection left to D. & L. Royal Winter Gardens, Edinburgh. EBB'S CHOICE POLYANTHUS AND OTHER SPRING PLANTS. Early orders are solicited for the above choice plants. Apply to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. YbB'S prize cob FILBERT S AND OTHER NUTS. Persons desirous of obtaining Trees of the above, grown by the late R. Webb, of Calcot, should give early orders to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. CATALOGUES post-free on application. HE CHAMPION POTATO.— Fine samples, for Seed, of this and other leading kinds. Prices on application to The LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited), i, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh. (CHAMPION POTATO is acknowledged V_y to be, both in Kent and Scotland, the best Farmer's or Field Potato ; most reliable in all soils and seasons, and its extended cultivation yearly is most marvellous. Price per ton on application. H . O R M S E Y , Swanley. Kent. UTTON'S MAGNUM B O N U M POTATOS for Sale. For Seed Bag of 4 stones. 8.f. Post- cffice Orders payable at Uppingham. J. W. KINGSTON. Glaston. Uppingham. SPARAGUS, ASPARAGUS. — Strong roots, 2-yr. old, Conover's Colossal and Giant, 15^. per 1000. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. To the Trade. ASPARAGUS, Giant, i, 2, 3, and 4-year. JAMES BIRD. Nurseryman. Downham. To the Trade, &o. ASPARAGUS, GIANT. — Splendid Roots for Planting, in immense quantity. EWING AND CO.. Norwich. URPLUS STOCK.— 50,000 MANETTl STOCKS, Gloire de Dijon, Cheshunt Hybrid, and Cchiie Forestier ROSES. Prices on application to EWING AND CO.. Eaton, near Norwich. Valualile Offer to Planters. SPECIMENS of the following :—ARAU- CARIA IMBRICATA, IRISH YEWS, from 5 to 7 feet, beautiful specimens and well rooted. These and some other things offered cheap for cash. ROBERT HORSMAN, Longdown Nursery. Marchwood, Southampton. AND J. BROWN can supply a few hundreds of CENTAUREA RAGU.SINA, pricked out in i2's, 6i. per ico ; also 5:0 Double White PRIMROSES, z6s. per 100. Caih with order. Nur.series, Stamford. To the Trade q^IIOMAS METHVEN and SONS have Jl a large and fine Stock of strong transplanted SCOTCH FIR and PINUS LARlCiO, and will be happy to send 1 '--ions on application. Leith Walk Nurseries. Edinburgh. w. K ENTISH FRUIT TREES of every description, at extraordinary low prices. Send for Sp«cial LIST to T. EVES, Gravesend Nurseries. Established iSio. Carnations and Flcotees. pHARLES TURNER is now prepared to V,^ supply the above in fine Plants and in great variety. This is the best thing for planting to ensure a good bloom of these popular flowers. CATALOGUES on application. Tile Royal Nurseries, Slough T ROCK AND SON have to offer for cash, t) . DAISIES (AUCUB/E FOLIA) and SAXIFRAGA GRANULATA PLENA, in nice clumps, 4J. per 100. Swinfen, near Lichfield. Hazel— Scotch Fir. J GEO. HILL has a quantity of Strono- • H.\ZEL, 3 to iM feet ; also Scotch FIR, 2 to 2% fee? to offer on very liberal terms for cash. ' J. GEO. HILL (late Scott), The Royal Nurseries, Merriott Somerset. ' pARNATIONS and PICOTEES, fine Vy named sorts and good plants, 12J. per dozen pairs ; PINKS. 65. per dozen pairs. Discount to the trade SAMUEL HARTLEY, Headingley Nursery, near Leeds. SEED POTATOS.— Four Tons of Early White Kidney, grown on Moss. Price ^£4 los. per ton ; also 100 other varieties at moderate prices. KERR AND FOTHERINGHAM, Seedsmen, Dumfries. SEAKALE, extra strong, for Forcing, finest roots in the trade ; also TARRAGON, e.\lra largeclumps Price on application to. C. PAGE, St. John's Nursery, Walham Green, Fulham, S.W. STAWBERRRIES, prepared Plants.— Now is the lime to plant for profit. The fact of my being located in the midst of hundreds of acres enables me to ofler very fine plants of the best and most profitable Kentish kinds, true to name, ^s. per ico. Special prices fi.r large quantities. STRAWBERRIES.— Splendid strong plants, established in small pots for immediate private planting, to produce a crop of fruit at once, 12,1. per 100. STRAWBERRIES for Forcing.— Extra strong, in 6-inch pots, showing three or four crowns. Crop at once certain. 35J. per 100, Special prices per truckload- CATALOGUE post-free. From Mr. Henry Peckham, Thorpe, Cherisey, October, 1878. " Dear Sir,— 1 he Strawberry plants (24,000) have arrived in splendid condition," H. CANNELL, Swanley. Kent. ASPBERRIES.— The best Kentish kinds, strong, picked Canes, and if planted now will yield a crop this season. Price, &c., on application. H. ORMSBY, Swanley. Kent. STANDARD ROSES. — Clean, straight stems, with good heads and well rooted, of leading varie- ties only. List of sorts and prices on application to FREDERICK PERKINS, Nurseryman, Regent Street, Leamington. To 1ili6 TtSiCIg ROLLISSON'S TELEGRAPH CUCUMBER (true). J GEO. HILL has a quantity of above, true • stock, and offers it at a low rate considering the quality. Also GOLDEN PERFECTION MELON-noother varieties grown. Price on application to J. GEO. HILL (late Scott), The Royal Seed Stores, Yoevil. ELARGONIUM V O LU N T E NATIONAL. —The most beautiful large-flowered Geranium ever introduced. Good Plants, 3s. 6^/. each ; free by post, 3s. gJ. FREDERICK PERKINS, Nurseryman, Regent Street, Leamington. ''EDELWEISS." GNAPHALIUM LEONTOPODIUM (Jacq ). „■ LEONTOPODIUM ALPINUM (Cass). This lovely little al- pine is yet scarcely known in our gar- dens, though its culture is a very easy one. Sown early in spring in flat pots, filled with sandy peat, mixed with some good loam, and kept moist, it will grow in about a fortnight; replanted and put in a cool frame, they will be fit for plant- ing out-of-doors in about six weeks. ■■J Aiiy good garden il, not too stiff, 11 be sufiBcient, d a good free- ";j 'o-the-sun- exposed j place will suit ■ them. Ft ice IS. dei. fer packet, post-Jree. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. Splendid New Camellias. WM. PAUL AND SON have to offer good sound Plants of the splendid New CAMELLIAS miro- duced by Messrs. Hovey & Co,, of Boston, Mass., now flower- ing in England for the first time : — C. M. HOVEY, Scailet C. H. HOVEY. Velvety Crimson. Mrs. A. M. HOVEY, Pmk. Two of these varieties were exhibited before the Royal Horti- ticultural Society on the nth inst., and the third is now bloom- ing in the Waltham Cross Nurseries, where also the finest of all White Camellias, both in flower and foliage, NUIFA EGERIA, icj. 6a'. each. One plant of each of the four varieties for £,1, including packing and carriage to London. The finest general collection of Camellias in the world now in full bloom. PAUL'S NURSERIES, Waltham Cross. Herts, adjoining Waltham Station, G.E.R., half an hour from London. To the Trade. POTATOS.— Myatt's Prolific Early Kidney, £,^ 51. per ton ; Early Rose Kidney, £,b 6j. per ton. Fine and good samples, to be sold for prompt cash. Free on rails. New 4 lb. 4 bushel sacks. i.r. 2(/ each. W. W. JOHNSON AND SON. Seed Growers and Mer- chants, Boston, Lincolnshire. To Florists and the Trade. SPIRyEA JAPONIC A, 2^. (yd. per dozen sprays; CAMELLIAS, White. 31. per dozen: GERA- NIUM, Scarlet, ts. per dozen bunches ; ROSES, 3^. per dozen; MAIDENHAIR FERN, 6.r. per dozen bunches; SPIR.EA JAPONICA, i8i. and 24^. per dozen, in pots, un- usually fine. Cash with orders. C. WILSON, Nurseryman, Summerhow, Kendal. JULES DE COCK, Nurseryman, Ghent, Belgium, offers to the Trade Seedlings in store pots — Areca lutescens, 401. per 100; Areca rubra, 30^. per 100; Chamaerops excelsa. 8j. per 100; Cocos Weddelliana, looj. per 100 ; Corypha australis, 20J. per ico ; Euterpe eduUs, 255. per 100 ; Latania borbonica, 8j. per 100 ; Pandanus utilis, 25^. per 100 ; Phoenix reclinata, i6j. per 100; Phcenix tenuis, 12J. per 100 ; Seaforthia elegans, 255. per 100 ; Thrinax ele^ans, yzs. per 100 ; Aralia Sieboldii, ts. per loo ; Drac^na indivisa, 6f. per 100. A CALCEOLARIA, Golden Gem.— Strong healthy autumn-struck, 6r. per 100, 50J. par 1000. GERANIUM, Vesuvius- — Strong, from stores, %s. per 103. Package free. cash. W. FIELD. Tarvin Road Nursery. Chester. VERGREEN OAKS.— A large quantity for sale, 4 feet, 5 feet, 6 feet, 7 feet, and 8 feet, at ex- ceptionally low prices ; also Standards, 6 feet stems, good heads. Prices on application to J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. OTATOS. — Myatt's Kidney, also Early Rose Potatos (seed size), by the ton or cwt. T. EVES, Gravesend Nurseries. Established 1810. Plnus Lartcio. CORSICAN PINE.— For prices of this valuable Pine, which is seldom eaten by rabbits— never if they can get any other food— apply to JAMES SMITH, Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. Choice Seed Potatos Grown by Us. poVENT GARDEN PERFECTION, and V^ others, true and right in every respect. Prices moderate. Apply to W. JACKSON AND CO.. Nurseries. Bedale. Yorkshire. HORN QUICKS.— Strong, transplanted, and seedlings. Prices on application to R. B. MAITHEWS, Nurseryman, Belfast. SPARAGUS.— The noted Gravesend Giant variety. Strong 3-yr. old, 35. per 100. T. EVES, Gravesend Nurseries. Established 1810. EED POTATOS. — American Snowflake, ^5 lOJ. per ton ; Rivers' Royal Ashleaf, £,1 10s. per ton ; Myatt's Short-top Ashleaf, ^5 per ton ; Sutton's Improved Flourball. /i( per ton. All true and specially grown for seed, and free from frost. Address RICHARD CRUST and SON, Potato Growers, Spalding, Lincolnshire. rPHUJOPSIS BOREALIS, fol. var.— One of JL the best and finest hardy Conifers, fine strong plants, about 3 feet high. €s. each, 48^. per dozen. Apply to JEAN N. VERSCHAFFELT, The Nurseries, Ghent. Belgium. PINUS LARICIO, 25J, per 10,000, or y. 6d. per 1000. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 3 to 5 inches. 15s- per 1000. A sample 100 of each, 55. (stamps), all fibrous-rooted i-yr. seedlings, in perfect condition. JAS. HATHERELL, Brooktands. Weybridge, Surrey. S.E, Taxus baccata. YEWS, English. — Well-furnished, good roots, bushy, lately transplanted, 3^^ to 4M feet high, to be sold cheap for cash. W. \V. JOHNSON AND SON, Nurserymen, Boston, Lincolnshire. Fine Standard Rose Trees, gs lo 12s. per dozen. W JACKSON AND CO., Nurseries, Bedale, • Yoikshire, had all their ROSES taken up in autumn and protected from frost ; the wood is n^ 1000, £13 los. per 10,000. 50,000 SEAKALE. strong, 40^. per 1000; Planting Seakale, 25.1. per 1000. 100,000 ASPARAGUS, lyr.. 5s. per 1000; 2-yr., 11s. per 1000 ; 3-yr., scs. per 1000. 100,000 i-yr. cultivated Seedling BRIERS, extra fine stuflf, ms. per 1000. March 15, 1879.] THE GARDRNERS' CHRONICLE. 329 AERIDES CRASSIFOLIUM, (described in the Gardeners' Chronicle, No. 176 and No. 199 as " The King of all Aeiides "), CATTLEYA DOWIANA, and other CHOICE ORCHIDS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY, March 17, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., upwards of 600 imported plants of AERIDES CRASSIFOLIUM in splendid condition, with he?.lthy leaves, many of large size, and making young roots. This is probablj', without exception, the most lovely known species of the genus, as well as the most rare in collections. Also imported plants of VAN DA CtERU- LESCENS, and upwards of 100 very fine plants of CATTLEYA DOWIANA, 200 ODONTO- GLOSSUM SCHLEIPPERIANUM, just to hand by R.M. ss. Don. At the same time will be offered established plants of PHAL^NOPSIS SCHILLERIANA, P. AMABILIS, P. LUD- DEMANNIAN.A., ODONTOGLOSSUM CIRRHOSUM, with flower-spikes; 100 O. ALEX- ANDR.E, O. GLORIOSUM, O. ROEZLII, with flower-spikes; CYPRIPEDIUM BOXALLI, C. VILLOSUM, flowering plants; DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM, D. CHRYSOTOXUM, D. SUAVISSIMUM, CYMBIDIUM AFFINE, and other choice Orchids. On view morniiiff of Sale, and Catalogues had. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING LONDON, W.C. STREET, COVENT GARDEN, CYMBIDIUM LOWIANUM (Eeichenbach fils.) MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on MONDAY, March 17, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Thirty-one strong Established Plants of the above, which on flowering proves to be a new and beautiful species. Fifteen of the plants have strong spikes with flower-buds and one has twelve fully expanded flowers, which are of large size, on a spike 28 inches in length. On view the morning of Sale and Catalogues had. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. Important Sale of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.^;, and other New Grenadian Orchids. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that he has received instruc- tions from Mr. B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, N., to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, March 20, 1000 plants of the lovely ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR-ffi ; also a quantity of plants of O. GLORIOSUM PILUMNA NOBILIS, the Stock ofa NEW MASDEVALLIA, &c. The plants will be sold Without Reserve, and are in the finest possible condition, just ready to start. In the consignment will be found some magnificent pieces, probably the largest ever imported to this country. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICE.S, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. NE^A^ and RARE ORCHIDS. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on FRIDAY, March 21, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, established and imported ORCHIDS, among which will be found the magnificent new ONCIDIUM KIENASTIANUM, quite new; MAXILLARIA RHOMBEA, believed to be offered for the first time; the white-flowerini; ONCIDIUM ORNITHORRHYNCHUM ALBUM, the magnificent PHAL^NOPSIS LOWII, large quantities of the beautiful ODONTOGLOSSUM NEBULOSUM, CATTLEYA CITRINA and HARTWEGIA PURPUREA, the rare HOULETIA BROCKLEHURSTIANA, and TRICHOPILIA WAGNERIANA; quantities of ODONTOGLOSSUM L'EVE, L/ELIA PURPURACEA, ONCIDIUM UNGUICULATUM, ODONTOGLOSSUM REICHEN- HEIMI, ONCIDIUM INCURVUM, CATTLEYA MENDELLI, ONCIDIUM MACRAN- THUM, ARPOPHYLLUM SPICATUM, ODONTOGLOSSUM PARDINUM, O. MACU- LATUM SUPERBUM, anda ver>'large lot of O. ROSSI MAJUS, together with many other COOL ORCHIDS, the whole of which are in splendid condition, and which will be sold without reser\e. q^i ^liew morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. Vegetable&FlowerSeeds Seed Potatos.Tools&c PRirUD f,ArALOG1IE'FoSTFBJSJE. JAMESDICKSON&SONS SEED GROWERS. ff'^^Tf'^i^f^'^'^jTr IOSEastgateStI SEED ESTABLISHMENT SEED POTATOS. SPECIAI, OFFEB. In I C'Mt. Bags. NAPOLEON, Rough Red .. CHAMPION OF THE WORLD MAGNUM BONUM (SUTTON'S) MYATT'S ASH LEAF TRUE OLD ASHLEAF .. FLUKE EARLY ROSE IMPROVED PEACHBLOW .. REDSKIN FLOURBALL PATERSON'S VICTORIA KING NOBLE Per Cwl - Five kwiihxd ctet kindi in j.'-t.l:. No charge for bags. Free on rail, Norwich, on receipt of Posl- ofTice Order or Cheque. Much clieaper by the ton. DANIELS BROS. >M0RWIGM WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS. WM. PAUL & SON, *•* ^^-— J^ ¥ (Successors to the late A. Paul & Son, ^ -%^^C*r^ Established 1806,) ^igf^WROSE GROWERS, '>*^^^fe^ TREE, PLANT, BULB, AND —f./;"^;:'::: mr seed merchants. ^VA Adjoining the " Waltham " Slalion, ^ Great Eastern Railway. Inspection of Stock invited. Priced Descriptive Catalogues free by post. FrancissArthur DiCKSON&SONS, 106,EnstgateSt.& I^IIFCm? The Uptoii' Nuiseties'Ulilv Ji Jvll . YEGETABLE&'PLOWRSEEDS. SeedPotatoes&GardeuKequisitjes. QUALITY UNSURPASSED.CARRIAGE FREE. JlfHstrateflCalalof/ucsI'cstjFree. )y VINES. /^^^ Splendid Frtiiting Canes of all the leading varieties. E. G. HENDERSON AND SON, The Pine-apple Nursery, MAIDA VALE, LONDON, W. 330 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [■NrARCH 15, 1879. Awarded the ONLY GOLD MEDAL For GRASS SEEDS, Paris, 1878. CARTER'S PARIS LAWN GRASS SEED Awarded the ONLY GOLD MEDAL For GRASS SEEDS, Paris, 1878. HAS BEATEN ALL OTHER COMPETITORS. THE ONLY OTHER AWARDS FOR ENGLISH GRASS SEEDS AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION WERE A SILVER MEDAL AND A BRONZE MEDAL. CARTER'S FIRST PRIZE LAWNS WERE ADMIRED BY \ THOUSANDS ^^ii^ -i,-^ DURING EXHIBITION AND WERE PRONOUNCED BY THE JURORS TO BE SUPERB AND SUPERIOE See following Letter : CARTER'S PARIS LAWN GRASS SEED. ^°^^^ Price, in sealed packets, Is., Is. 6d., and 2s. 6d. per packet, (./ is. bd. packet will soio i rod ot gtouud.) OTHERS IN Price, per bushel, 25s. ; per acre of 4 bushels, 90s. Ordinaiy Lawn Grass, per bushel, 20s. ; per lb., Is. THE S3 In Sealed P.ickets— Per Packet. Per Bushel. m Carter's Grass Seeds for Renovating Old Lawns Is., Is. 6d,, and 2s. 6d. 20s. to 25s. exhibition » Carter's Grass Seeds for Sowing under Trees or Lawns ••• Is., Is. 6d,, and 2$. 6d. 20s. to 25s, IMPORTANT LETTER from M, DUCHARTRE, President of the Lawn Grass Jury. \TRANSLATI0N:\ "PARIS, Novemberi6,'i87S. " Sir, — In the sitting of October 4, which was specially devoted to the comparative examination of the Lawns on the Champ de Mars and Trocadero, the Jury of Class 86 have placed Messrs. James Carter (only) to the First Rank, and according to the large space of Lawn sown by them in the Trocadero Park, a COLD MEDAL was awarded to them for the Complete Success they have obtained. " Placed in the Second Rank were Messrs. Chouvet, Delahaye, Dudouy, Lecaron, Thiebaut aind, Thiebaut, Legendre, and Vilmorin & Co. (equal) who have obtained a Silver Medal each. ' " In the Third Rank were Messrs. Jacquean, Torcy, Varniier, and Webb, who have obtained a Bronze Medal each. So that Messrs. Carter are really the only ones who in Class 86 have been rewarded with a Cold Medal for Lawns ; and I certify this in the title of President of this Class. (Signed) " DUCHARTRE, Member of the Institute ; President of the Jury, Class 86." From A. DASHWOOD, Esq., Famham. " Carter's Fine Lawn Grass Seed has proved a great success— in fact, a ' lawn by magic' " From F. FAUSSETT, Esq., Sutton Bridge. " I am very pleased with Carter's Lawn Gra.ss. The Seed was sown the last week in March and cut April 25. Tlte trouble, labour^ and expense 0/ tayini; dffwti Turf is quite superseded by your e.xcetlcut Grass Seed." From NEVILLE BEARD, Esq., Ashbourne. " I was very much pleased %vith Carter's Lawn Grass at the Paris Exhibition, seeing it sO"n and also mown for the first time." From Mr. D. McDONALD, Gr. to Sir C. NICHOLSON, Bart. "Carter's Lawn Grass Seed has turned out admir.-ibly. The ground now presents a thick velvety appearance. This alone shows the confidence that may be placed in Carter's Seeds." From Mrs. JARRETT, St. John's Grove "The Grass at the Paris E.V made all toish to luive t/te same at home. " From R. METCALFE, Esq , 53, Lelnster Square. " We found Carter's Lawn Grass to be very good.' Directions for the Successful Formation of Lawns, as followed at Paris by Messrs. Carter, will be sent gratis and post-free on application, THE Q U E E N'S SEEDSMEN, aAJjDiJd /a HIGH HOLBOEN, LONDON, W.C. Mai;cii 15, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 331 EXCELLENCE COMBINED WITH ECONOMY. IMMEDIATE DESPATCH, Iff WEBBS' 1 PRODUCE A CONSTANT THE BEST VEGETABLES f ALL THE YEAR ROUND 5 PER CEfJT DISCOuriT FOR CASH SEEDS OR 20; VALUE CARRIAGE FREE' ^ •nfirSTRATXb CATALOGUES POST FREE' WE SUPPPLY OTHER COLLECTIONS at 5s., 7s. 6d., 15s., 63s. and 105s. each. SUPERB FLOWER SEEDS, Per Packet -s. ,!. s. d. WEBBS' New Petunia 6 ar id 2 6 WEBBS' Superb Calceolaria 6 , , 2 6 WEBBS' Choice Primula 6 . 2 6 WEBBS' Superb Cineraria .. 6 , 2 6 WEBBS' Selected Cyclamen 6 , 2 6 WEBBS' Miniature Aster . . 0 , , 2 0 WEBBS' Choice Auricula . . 0 , 2 6 WEBBS' Show Pansy . . 6 , 2 6 WEBBS' Choice Verbena . . 0 , . 2 0 POPULAR COLLECTIONS FLOWER SEEDS. Specially selected for producing a brilliant and Colli in nous Display during Summer and Autumn. No. I. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5. 5s. 10s. 6dJ 15s. 21s, i31s. 6d. No. 6. 42s. other Collections at 2s. 6d., 7s. 6d., and 63s. each. All Flower Seeds Free by Post or Rail. THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. THE BEST POTATO. i ), 1 V -a .1 '^i^y SUTTON'S MAGNUM BOITIM. OriglnaUy Introduced by SUTTON & SONS In 1876, previous to whicli time tliere was no Potato known by that name. WONDERFULLY PRODUCTIVE, A GOOD COOKING VARIETY, AND RESISTS DISEASE. EXTRAORDINARY CROP. " Clarendon Villa. 210 "The Magnum Bonum Potatos you sup- plied me with this year produced a most ex- q A pff-q traordtnary crop, amounting to an average rate of 210 sacks per acre, of 340 lb. per sack, and P£iR there was not a single diseased one amongst them. ACRE! "Yours faithfully, "ROBT. PHILLOTT." Price 14b. per 66 lb. Much cheaper per 168 lb. and ton. Carriage free. Descriptive List of other kinds on application. THE FINEST STRAIN OF GLOXINIA. Sutton^s Gloxiiiia crassifolia gigantea. 6 post-free. Per packet— .T. {{. Erect Flowered ..50 and 2 Horizontal Flowered 5 0 „ 2 Drooping Flowered . 5 0 ,, 2 6 '„ Mixed .. 6s., 2 6 „ 1 0 „ From Mr. A. Ingram, Or. to the Duke of Northumberland :— " Your Gloxinia is the finest strain I have ever seen ; strong robust hal)it, the leaves are so reflexed as to nearly cover the pots. The flowers are very large and beautiful in colour. Some of the drooping- flowered sorts have blooms over three inches in diameter. They make quite a show of themselves in a house." SUTTON & SONS, THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, AND By Special Warrant to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, READING, BERKS. SATURDAY, MARCH 15, 1879. BAMBOO FOR PAPER-MAKING. THE question as to the practicability of utilising the Bamboo for purposes of paper-making has been raised on more than one occasion by Mr. Routledge. Undeterred by the unsuccessful results obtained by Dr. King at Calcutta, he returns to the charge again in a pamphlet entitled Bamboo and its Treatment, * and which is well worthy the con- sideration of residents in those of our depend- encies where the Bamboos grow. The question as to the possibility of cutting over the Bamboos so as to ensure a succession of Bamboo shoots of the required age and substance, is of course one which must be settled by those who are familiar with the mode of growth and habits of the plant, and by those who have the necessary skill to devise and carry out the requisite ex- perimental enquiries. Mr. Routledge has done well, therefore, to collect and publish information from competent botanists and cultivators. From a perusal of these, the causes of the failure of the experiments at Calcutta are rendered evident, and at any rate it must be admitted that the results of those experiments do not by any means render it undesirable to carry out experi- ments in a different manner, and in view of the great importance of the subject we trust this may be done. We cite the following passages from Mr. Routledge's paper, which may be read with profit by our readers in the colonies. General Munro, our highest authority on the subject, writes : — ' ' I liave never heard of the Bamboo being cultivated for successive cropping, but I can see no reason why a regular systematic cropping could not be carried out. " Banrbusa vulgaris would, in my opinion, be the best species to cultivate, as it grows very readily from cut- tings ; so does Dendroc.alamus giganteus, which thrives remarkably well and grows fast in Trinidad, and would, I think, produce the best fibre. Bambusa tulda would be a good species in India ; Dendrocaktmus strictus also grows fast and is easily propagated. The ordinary Bam. boo very rarely seeds in the West Indies. I only saw it once in Jamaica. It is always increased by cuttings. I do not think these should be put in at a less distance than 5 feet apart, .■\ fair-sized Bamboo will produce from ton to twenty shoots a year in moist countries. "With reference to cutting .and cropping, I should think six or seven out of ten shoots might be cut yearly without causing any serious harm to the parent stool ; the older stems might be cut down in their second year, and serve as fuel. I should think the stools would con- tinue to ijroduce fresh stems for about thirty years, about when the plants would be likely to come into flower, and then die." The late Mr. Kurz, who had a special know- ledge of the Bamboo and its uses, replied as follows to Mr. Routledge's questions : — " Regular cropping can be made only in so far as the shoots of every rainy season can be cut down. If all the shoots be cut down the stock will be impoverished and ultimately die off, hence a certain percentage, say one- fourth, of the whole of the stool would have to be spared. The most common way of planting Bamboo by natives is by taking shoots, or the lower piece of the haulm, with a part of the rhizome, and plant during the rains ; the intervals between the cuttings being regulated by the size of the Bamboo. Twelve to 15 feet \\ould be a dense growth for the larger kinds, 80 feet and upwards in height, which throw up from fifteen to twenty shoots, while 8 to lo feet is the minimum for the smaller kinds above 30 feet ; smaller kinds are not recommendable. " Shoots of the year are alone likely to be of value, and some of the conservators of forests " Bamboo and its Treatmeitt. Claxheu^h, Sunderland. By Thcmas Routledga, 332 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 15, 1S79. express the opinion that such may be had in abundance by a judicious system of cutting. The abundance of material, if only it could be rendered available, is shown by an extract from a report of Dr. Schlich, Conservator of Forests in Bengal : — " It will interest you to learn that there are about 1800 square miles of almost pure Bamboo forest in the Arrakan division of British IJurmah, witliin a moderate distance from the coast, and all accessible by navigable streams. * * ^* * * " The Bamboo forest covers by far the greater portion of the area of Arrakan, extending over thousands of square miles. It is composed of B.rmbusa longispatha, and Bambusa tulda. All these Bamboos have flowered several years ago, and the ground is now covered with seedlings, which makes the forest impenetr.able. The writer of this report had to travel in it for days, at the rate of half a mile an hour, having four men {alternately two-and-two) in front employed in cutting a passage just wide enough for a man to pass through. In many places this Bamboo forest contains no trees at all, but, as a rule, there are isolated trees scattered over it. The trees met with were those of the green forest, as well as those of the dry forest, the former, however, being far more numerous. Tliis forest is green throughout the year, and jungle fires do not visit it e.\cept at the time when Bamboos have died." Some remarks of Mr. Thomson, late Super- intendent Botanic Gardens, Jamaica, are so much to the point that we regret that our space does not allow us to do more than make certain extracts from tliem. Cutting the Bamboo stems en masse, says Mr. Thomson : — "Would undoubtedly destroy the plants, but, with great deference, I would remark that this destruction of the plants can be effectually prevented by the adoption of a different process of cropping. Thus, instead of cutting all the stems simultaneously, a given proportion of matured stems should be retained, and this need only be a small proportion, sufficient to maintain the vigorous action of the roots. The stems thus retained for the preservation of the functions of the roots may e\'en be moderate in size. Indeed, they may be lopped so as to superinduce the sprouting of branches and foli.age near the ground. Another point to be observed consists in the manner in which the young, succulent stems are cut. They should be cut — that is, the crop for making paper ^not close to the ground, but a few nodes above the ground should be left. This plan ensures the sprouting of branches and foliage from some thus left, and main- tains the unimpaired action of the roots. "The continuity of supply of the Bamboo by the adoption of this plan aggregates to a very considerable quantity each year ; and, as lias been seen, a Bamboo plantation may be kept up indefinitely in regard to time. ■ "I have seen three tons of full-grown stems obtained from a Bamboo clump covering only a few square yards. This would be an enormous quantity per acre. By the system of cropping which I propose, each succulent stem, in that condition in which a penknife is easily p.assed through it, when dried, averages only about 3 lb. in weight. .\s many thousands of these are obtainable per acre annually, I feel sure that some ten tons of paper stock could be procured from each acre annually ; putting it even at the half of this the cultivation would prove highly remunerative." Mr. Thomson further shows that abundant moisture is an essential requisite for the growth of the Bamboo, and suggests that by means of irrigation and judicious cutting a continuous succession of suitable shoots could be obtained at a small cost of production, for after the first establishment it would require little or no culti- vation. Mr. Thomson considers that a much larger proportion of fibre can be produced per acre from Bamboo than from any other plant. The quantity realised per acre (Mr. Thomson is speaking of Jamaica) is so large that it will revolutionise the paper trade. Speaking from the point of view of the culti- vator and the botanist we should certainly be disposed to consider the Bamboo as the most promising plant yet tried to furnish the paper- maker with the raw material for which the deniand, already vast, is always increasing. There are scores of plants, such as the Restios of the Cape, which might be made locally avail- able, but for exportation to this country no plant that we know of seems so likely to yield a sufficient supply, provided the cultivation can be properly carried out— a matter concerning which we have little doubt, and provided the manufacture into suitable "stock " for the paper- maker can be conducted at a remunerative rate — a subject upon which we are not in a position to offer an opinion. New Garden Plants. Cymbidium Lowianum, «. sp* This is a beautiful novelty, according to my taste. It ranks near Cymbidium giganteum, Wall., and C. longifolium, Don ; the two short abrupt calli in the disk of the lip, the cordate not wavy anterior laciniaof thelip,and the straightshortdivaricatetailsof thecaudiculagive it the strongest claim to be considered an excellent, well-marked species, as I said it might be when I had to describe it from rather unsatisfactory materials (see Gardeners' Chronicle, 1877, vii., p. 685, Jvuie 2 : Cymbidium giganteum Lowianum). It is, no doubt, one of Mr. Boxall's best Burmese discoveries. There are no cilioa to the lip, no hairy running lines from the disk to the anterior part, no wavy middle lacinia. The large flowers have sepals and petals green, with a few faint .sepia-brown lines over the strongest nerves. Those organs get more pallid by- and-bye, changing to a yellowish green. The lip is whit- ish yellow, disk of anterior lacinia in the beginning purple, later maroon brownish [inrple, with a very narrow pallid border, and there are some purple spots at the base of the lip. Calli washed on their anterior parts'with purple. The anterior part of the base of the column has a few spots. I have to thank Messrs. Low for this beauty just now (beginning of March). lam inlormecl it lakes a very long time to expand its flowers : this is also the case in C. Ilookerianuni, as is well known. H. G. Rchb.f. [This plant was shown at the Royal Horticultural Society on the nth inst.] Dendrobium micans, n. hyhr.\ "A cross between Dendrobium Wardianum (the old Assam plant) and D. lituiflorum. It is quite a young and small plant, blooming now for the first time, and this is the only flower. The plant is only three years old, and the bulb which flowered only 4 inches high, therefore quite in its infancy, and I imagine we shall some day see it much larger and finer. It seems to me quite a beauty. The bulb is slightly knotted, as in the old Wardianum." These were the remarks given by Mr. Harry Veitch, on Febru- ary 20, 1879, when sending a beautiful flower of a fresh cross, a new Sedenian work. The flower is of warmest colours, the ground colour of the sepals and petals a most pallid purple-white, very deep towards their tops, and washed from there to the more pallid base. Lip nearly hastate at base, oblong acute, with nice undulation ; ground colour white. Two darkish " Indian-purple " (on the autho- rity of Messrs. Winsor & Newton, of Rathbone Place) blotches on each side of the white cruciform middle part, with little short line branches radiating outside. The top of lip is pallid purple. The column is green, with purple streaks on anterior side under stigma. Anther white with two small purple spots. There is no vestige of the orange colour that paints so neatly the lip of Dendrobium Wardianum, but the colours are so very clear that the novelty is very promising. It has already been stated that I have to thank Messrs. Veitch for it. //. G. Rchb.f. SPRING. " Si'KiXG, Spring, beautiful .Spring, S.ay what shall my offering be ? Shall I rifle the caves of the Ocean King, And a chaplet of pearls weave for thee?" Such are the words of an old song which I heard the other evening, and their utter incongruity struck me so forcibly that I could not help smiling at the idea of seeking for the products of diseased mollusca where- with to adorn "beautiful Spring" when she has her * Cyjnbidiuin JL(nuiattttin, n. sp. — Racemo Cymbidii gigantei, Wall, labello tamen trifido, laciniis lateraiibus angulatis, lacinia antica cordatotriangulaexpansa, noniindulata ; callis in ipso disco ante basin laciniai andca; crassis triangulatis : caudiciilai cruribus divaricatis aris'ajformibus. Floras viriduli brunneosiriati. Labellum albido fiavidalum, disco laciniae antics purpureo, margins angustissinio fiavidulum. Calli antice pur- pureo lavati. Macula; quaidam purpurea: in labelli basin. Columna ima basi purpureo maculata. — Burmah. Detexit felix collector Lowianus Boxall. //. G. Rc/tl' /. t DtitiitobiHin nticans ( IVartiiatiuiit = iititijloritui), — " Caule gracili lenuiter nodoso ; " tloribus . . . (semper solitariis ? vix?) mento breve obtusangulo conico dorso sibboso : sepalis ligu- latis obtuse acutis ; tepalis oblongis obtuse acutis undulatis bene latioribus ; labello brevissime nnguiculato hastato oblongo acuto, ubique velutino ; columna apice tritida ; anthera conica retusa emarginata. — Sepala et tepala albido purpurea apicibus pulchre purpureis. Labellum maculis duabus purpureo nigritis retrorsum radiantibus infundo; ceterum album, antice pur- pureum. Columna viridula. Proles hybrida Sedeniana. Com. ill. hortic. Veitch. H. G. Rchbf. own pearly Snowdrops and fragrant Prhuroses to make garlands of. Now, although we have had a con- siderable share of snow this winter, I have never seen the spring flowers in greater force or better form. The hedgerows look green, Fern fronds are peeping out in all directions, catkins, " little sheep " as the village youngsters call them, are very abundant ; Violets and tufts of creamy I'rimroses vie with the Snowdrops, whilst in cultivated soil the ground is golden with the blossoms of the Crocus. The birds, too, seem to expect that, as we have had an old- fashioned winter we shall get an old-fashioned spring, for I have already seen several nests in the course of ' erection, and the blackbirds are singing from every green shrub or tree in the garden — " a sad prospect for the fruit," said the master of the house, and I feel dreadfully guilty, for I fed the birds during the winter. I had a regular Icvce iiv(^x'j morning, and one young lady, a friend of mine, used to go about ^ the fields near the house scattering rice to the poor little starving creatures, so I hope they will repay us by eating up the grubs, and be merciful to the Cherries. Helen E, Wa/iiey. MORINDA CITRIFOLIA. Some time since, when visiting Mr. Bull's nursery, we were greatly struck with a stove shrub with bold Laurel-like foliage and globose fruits of a creamy white colour. So distinct and striking werethey that we requested our artist to make a sketch of them for us, and the result is now before our readers (fig. 46). Morinda citrifolia is a Rubiaceous shrub, commonly cultivated in India, the wild plant probably being that known as M. tinctoria. The latter name recalls the fact that the roots and bark of this species furnish a red dye (see Hunter's Asiatic Researches, iv., pp. 35 — 44), The flowers are something like those of an Ixora, but pure white ; the foliage bold, light green ; and the fruit unlike that of any other plant we call to mind. THE CULTIVATION OF CELERY AT CLAYWORTH. Several growers have requested me to give the mode of cultivation adopted in this district, and the following remarks will, I hope, not be without in- terest to the private grower as well as to the grower for market. We sow from the middle of February to the middle of March in pits or frames with a south-east aspect. The beds are prepared about a week previous to sowing, and consist of about li foot thick of littery stable manure, which is well trodden down and then covered with about 3 inches of good loamy soil, the surface of the bed when finished being .about 6 inches from the glass. The beds are watered before sowing, and the seeds, sown thinly, are lightly covered with fine soil. The lights are kept close until the plants are well up, when plenty of air and water is given in fine weather, water being withheld in dull weather but air given freely. We commence pricking out as soon as the plants will handle nicely, which is generally about the first week in April, on beds in the open ground which is dug in winter and lies in a rough state until a week or so before the plants are ready for pricking out, when a good dressing of rotten manure is lightly dug in, the ground is then raked over and the beds pre- pared .IS required about 4 feet wide. The plants are pricked out about 3 inches apart, the best plants are carefully thinned out from the seed beds, the smaller ones forming a succession. They are kept well- watered as they are pricked out : it is a good plan to just dip the roots in water as they are drawn from the seed bed, especially in dry weather. When the plants have taken fresh root a good dressing of soot is given, and if the weather is dry it is watered in. This greatly assists the growth of the plants. They are then kept on growing by watering in dry weather, weeiling, &c., until re.idy for planting in the per- manent row. The trenches are dug or ploughed out about 12 or 15 inches wide, varying in depth according to the nature of the soil ; on wet soil the trenches should be made so that they are nearly level when they are manured and ready for planting, on drier soil they require to be deeper ; they are about 5 feet from centre to centre. Half-decomposed horse, cow, and pig manure mixed seems to answer best. This is carted on in dry weather, the horse walking on the March 15, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 333 top and the wheels running in the trenches. It is manured at the rate of about i ton to a row So or 100 yards long ; it is covered with about 4 inches of soil taken from the sides of the trenches in a sloping direction, after which a row of Myatt's Prolific Potatos are planted between the rows of the general crop, and sometimes two or three rows of Nantes Carrot is sown between late Celery. We commence planting in the trenches when the plants are from 4 to 6 inches long, which is generally about the Last week in May. The trenches are watered before planting if required. The plants are taken up carefully and the roots dipped in water in dry weather ; they are planted in single rows from 6 to 7 inches apart in the row ; they are kept moist at the root until they are well rooted, when artificial water- ing is discontinued. When they have commenced to RUBUS ROS^FOLIUS. At the last meeting of the Royal Horticultural .Society, Mr. Green, gr. to Sir G. Macleay, exhibited a bushy little plant of the double-flowering form of this species, which under the name of R. rosa;folius \'ar. coronarius was figured in the Gardcnci-s' Chronicle for January iS, 1S79, p. 77, and which was further alluded to as having been long introduced to our gardens, having been figured in the Botanical Afa':;azinc (t. 1763). The plant is also mentioned in Hooker's Flora of British India^ vol. ii., p. 341. At South Kensington considerable interest was evinced in the plant and its single-flowered or normal prototype , and it is to this more particularly that I wish to allude. About iS74or 1875 I remember M. Louis Van Houtte offered the single-flowered form, Here around the upland or hill villages it is evergreen, flowering and fruiting the whole year round, but most plentiful during the dry season, when the bushes are loaded with the large bright red fruits and white-pctalled flowers. Its stems rarely exceed a yard in height, and in light rich soil are pro duced freely from the roots, as in the case of our native Raspberry. The individual ripe fruits are .about an inch in diameter, formed of an enormous number of small carpels, and are very fresh and juicy when newly gathered, having a refreshing acidity with but little flavour. The following extract from St. John's Forests of tite Far East^ vol. ii., p. 102, may be quoted as showing how freely its fruits are produced near the villages beside the Limbang River — the italics are mine : — "We picked a great many wild Raspberries, which Fig. 46.— fruits oI' morinda citrifoua, nat. size : colour creamy white. (see p. 332.) grow freely a good dressing of soot is given and a few inches of soil hoed over it ; they are then allowed to grow unmolested for a few weeks, when as much soil is hoed to as can be had without injury to the crops between. When the Potatos or whatever is planted between are taken up, the ground between the rows is well worked up with a horse cultivator to a fine mould ; a furrow is ploughed on each side of the row, the soil dropping short of the Celery is afterwards pushed to. Old brooms with the bristles cut off and a shaft about 5 feet long are used for this purpose ; a man on each side of the row with one of these can push the soil to nearly as fast as he can walk, and it answers well. About a fortnight after the first ploughing, the space between the rows is worked up again and a second furrow ploughed ; this is to form the foot for the bank. The soil is pushed to a second time, and then finished off" with the spade. R. O^ley, Clayviorth, near Bawtry. a reduced but characteristic woodcut figure being given in his catalogue, as being suitable for decorative pur- poses by flowering during the winter months, the blossoms being eventually succeeded by Raspberry- like edible fruits. I have some recollection of having seen a very tempting coloured figure of the plant in fruit also, but I cannot lay hands on it just now. I think M. Van Houtte gave the habitat as being in the Moluccas. I frequently met with the plant when travelling in Borneo, especially on the hills in the interior, and I am inclined to think it is native there, yet as the aboriginals cultivate many introduced plants, such as Tobacco, Pine-apples, Oranges, Cotton, and Maize, it is just possible that this plant may .also be an introduction. From the fact that its fruit is never eaten by the natives, however, I fail to see why it should have been imported, and yet its growing almost invariably near houses or on the site of deserted villages is a suspicious circunistance. have not very much flavour, but they were refreshing, and in several places the shrubs grew so very thickly as to prevent any other vegetation springing up, and looked like a deserted garden. The plants have a very similar appearance to those which grow in England, and are pleasant to look at, as remindmg one of home. The boys of the village for a few beads col- lected them by the peck, till we were completely surfeited." Like most other species of Rubi, it may be readily propagated by cuttings of the roots inserted in light soil on a genial bottom-heat. F. W. B, The Horticultural Society of Hamburg propose to hold an exhibition from April 10 to 14. The programme shows that the exhibition is likely to be an extensive one, and it will be rendered the more remarkable in that it is proposed to light it in the evening by means of the electric light, 334 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 15, 1S79. EFFECTS OF THE LATE WINTER. The backwardness of leafage which might na- turally be expected after the recent severe winter is so noticeable, after the remarkaljly early commencement of foliation last year, following on a mild and moist winter, that possibly a note of the exact amount of difference in development, taken from a few of the commonest trees and bushes, observed on March 7, 1S78, and again on March 7 this year, may be of some interest. The observations are taken from the same set of trees, chiefly in my own garden, near Isleworth, otherwise in the immediate neigh- bourhood. On March 7 in last year the leaves of black and red Currant and Gooseberry bushes were from \ inch to J inch long, and the black Currant shoots were well clothed with the young leafage ; this year on March 7 the leaves on the same bushes were not expanded at all beyond just the tips of a few leaves showing from some of the most advanced buds on some shoots of black Currant. Apple buds were only about half the length of those of the same date last year, and looking thin, dry, and unpromising. Plum and Pear buds healthy, but only from about half to three-quarters the size of last year. Lilac buds of half-opening leaves which were over 2 inch long last year, were this year under \ inch long. Hawthorn leaves, last year frequently occurring through the district i inch long, were this year not to be found at all, and the buds were only jj inch in length. Elder leaves, last year to be found plentifully on the 7th, had .also not expanded ; and leaves which had for some years appeared much earlier than March 7 on some Weeping Willows, were totally absent this year. The buds on Horse Chestnut and Elm appear almost in the same state as last year, taking trees in ordinary circumstances ; and the Oak bud is also in a very average state — in this differing from last 5'ear, when it was in this district remarkably large and luxuriant, preceding a splendid leafage. The wild flowers of the district have also been much more absent during the winter, and are much later in appearance this spring th.in was the case in 1878. The flora is of course not so well represented in this enormously populous neighbourhood as where more unoccupied space is left for plant growth, but still there will be a fair average between the various years. In 1S78, on January i, there were 42 species of wild plants in flower ; on February I, 25 ; on March I, 33. This year (1S79), on January I there were only four species in flower — Senecio vulgaris (Ground- sel), Veronica Buxbaumii, and Lamium purpureum, and L. album (purple and white Dead Nettle) ; on February I not one species ; on March I six species. Many of the common spring flowers have still not appeared. Draba verna. Ranunculus Ficaria, Nar- cissus Pseudo-Narcissus, and many others which were in blossom in this district last year at this time, do not show a sign yet of opening their buds. Those that have appeared are variably late — Taxus bac- cata, and Tussilago Farfara, about a fortnight ; Corylus Avellana, about three weeks ; and Daphne Laureola (as far as can be judged from plants with flood-water standing up their stems to just below the expanding blossoms), about five weeks later than last year. It will be of great interest to see how far the retard- ing of the commencement of vegetation acts on its continuance. The unusual severity of the weather does not appear in any case I have had opportunity to examine to have injured any of the larvae, whether above ground or beneath ; and on March 8, in turn- ing over a piece of garden ground, we found no less than forty-one specimens of the snail-slug (Testacella Haliotidea) of various sizes, and in the most perfect health, a few inches below the surfrce. The temperature of the immediate district does not appear to differ from that of the neighbourhood, ex- cepting in the minima generally reading rather lower, possil)Iy from the great quantity of moisture from .springs, and also undrained surf;ice-water flooding the fields. During part of December and the greater part of January and beginning of February the earth thermometer i foot below the surface read down to 32° and a fraction, the 2 foot one by its side to 35° and a fraction for most of the same time. O. THE AMERICAN SPRUCES. [The following arrangement is from the pen of Dr. Engelmann, and has been kindly contributed by Sir Joseph Hooker. In lirilish gaidens the plants in question are usually ranged under Abies.] PiCF.A, Link, not Don. A. Leaves more or less square ; stomata on all sides. A. North-eastern and Northern species. 1. Piica alba, with slenderer leaves on the glabrous branchlets ; cylinder cones with smooth-edged flexible scales, deciduous after maturity. 2. Picca nigra, with stouter leaves on the pubescent branchlets ; ovate cones with rigid denticulate scales, more or less persistent. Var. rithra, with larger, darker leaves ; larger bright red brown cones, more readily deciduous after maturity, v.. Rocky Mountain species. 3. Picca Engclinanni (Pinus commutata, Parlat.) with stouter leaves on the pubescent branchlets ; sub- cylindric cones with flexible, erose or emarginate scales : deciduous. 4. Picca pnngcns (Abies Menziesii of the Rocky Mountain flora), with glabrous branchlets ; very rigid, strongly pointed and pungent leaves, in young trees compressed, in old ones often flattened ; large cylindrical cones, with very pale, elongated, emargi- nate, very flexible, squarrose scales ; seeds larger, with a broad obovate wing, and 5 — 8 cotyledons.* B. Leaves flattened ; stomata only on the upper side. Pacific Coast species. 5. Picca sitchcnsis (Abies Menziesii of the Pacific coasts). — Leaves thin, blunt or short-pointed ; cones much shorter than in last ; scales similar ; seeds small, with a very narrow wing, and only four coty- ledons. Seems to include several East Asiatic nominal species, t MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN ORCHID.S. {Continued /ro/n ^. 268.) Elle.\ntiius, Presl. Reliq. H.T^nk. i., p. 97. About forty-five species, generally dispersed in tropical America, including the West Indies, but most numerous in Columbia and Peru. E. capitatus, Rclib. i, ; Evelyna capitata, Pcepp. and Endl. , Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii., p. 32, t. 56. Guate- mala to Peru. E. hymenophorus, Rchb. f , Walp. Ann. vi., p. 480 ; Evelyna liymenophora, Rchb. f. Veragua, Costa Ricn, 6000 — 7000 feet. Epidendrum, Linn. Gen. PI., n. T377. This genus contains probably 350 species, all New World, dispersed from Alexico to Bolivia and South Brazil, ascending to 13,000 feet in Peru ; abundant in the West Indies, Two species inhabit Florida, one of whieli extends to South Carolina, and one is a native of the Galapagos. E. aciculare, Batem. Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc., rg. E. esculentum, Hort. Kew. E. linearifolium, Hook. Bot. Mag., t. 4572. Mexico, Bahamas. E. adenocarjion, l^lave et Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. ii., p. 24. (?) E. crispatum, Knowles and Westc. E. papillosum, Batem., Bot. Mag., t. 3631. Mexico, Guatemala. E. adenocaulon, Llav. et Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. ii. , p. 22. ^'Iexico. E. afhne, Rchb. f, Bonpl. 1856, p. 327. Guatemala. E. alatuin, Batem., Orch. Mex. and Guat. , t. 18. E. longipetalum, Lindl., Paxl. Fl. Gard. i. , p. 149. t. 30. E. farinosum, Kl. E. calocheilum, Hook., Bot, Mag., t. 3898. Guatemala, Guiana. E. altissimum, Batem., Bot. Reg. r838, Misc., 6r. E. Grahami, t. 3885. Mexico. E. am.ibile, Lind. et Rchb. f., Bonpl. iii., p. 219. Mexico. E. .ambiguum, Lindl., Fol. 56. E. akatum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. r847, t. 53, not of Batem. Guatemala. E. anisatum, Llav. et Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. ii. , p. 27. E. gladiatum, Lindl. Mexico. E. antenniferum, Lindl., Paxt. Fl. Gard., Glean- ings, 234, fig. ir3 ; Ref Bot. ii., t. 91. E. loTigi- petaluni. Rich, et Gal. Mexico, 6000 — 7000 feet. E. arbusculum, Lindl., Benth. PI. Hartw., p. 93 ; Gard. Chron. T843, 523. Mexico. E. aromaticum, Batem., Orch. Mex. and Guat., t. 10 ; Ref. Bot. ii., t. 89. \L. incumbens, Lindl, Guate- mala. E. asperum, Lindl, Hooker's Jonrn. Bot. i., p. 6. Panama, Columbia, Ecuador. E. atropurpurcum, Willd., Sp. PI. rT5 ; Rchb. f, Walp. .Ann. vi., p. 344. \i. macrochilum. Hook., Bot. Mag. , t. 3534. Costa Rica to New Grenada. * A very blue form of this has lately been cultivated in English nurseries under the name of Abies Parryana. t Abies sitchtnsis is the oldest specific name, and must be substuuted for the more generally adapted Menziesii. A. jezoensis (in part). A. inicrosperma, and perhaps others, seem to belong here ; and the lately discovered Setvian A. Omorika apparently stands very near it. E. aurami.acum, Batem., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. ii., Orch. .Mex. and Guat., t. r2. Mexico, Guatemala. E. aureum, Lindl., Fol., n. 5. Broughtonia aurea, Lindl. Mexico. E. Barbre, Rchb. f , Beitr. Orch. Centr. .\m., p. S3. Costa Rica, 10,000 feet. E. belizense, Rchb. f , Linna^a, xli., p. 78. Honduras. E. bicameratum, Rchb. f., Gard. Chron. 1871, p. rig.i. E. K.arwinskii, Rchb. f, Gard. Chron. 1869, p. 710. Ii. sqnaliduin, Lindl., not of Llav. et Lex. Mexico, E. bidentatum, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 98. Mexico. v.. bigibberosum, Rchb. f , Walp. .Ann. vi., p. 3^6. Guatemala. E. bilamellatum, Rchb. f, Walp. .Ann. vi., p. 345. Panama, Venezuela. E. Boothianum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., 7. Mexico or Guatemala (Bateman's list), Cuba. E. Brassavola-, Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 729; Bot. Mag., t. 5664; Ciard. Chron. 1867, p. 682,1239. (juatemala, Veragua, 8000 feet. E. caligarium, Rchb. f , Gard. Chron. 1869, p. mo. Mexico. E. campylostalix, Rchb. f , Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 70 ; Ref. Bot. ii. , t. 86. Guatemala to \'eragua. E. Candollei, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc., 77. E. cepiforme, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3765. Mexico. E. carinatum, Lindl., Fol. rgi. Mexico. E. centropetalum, Rchb. f, Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 736. CErstedella centropetala et centradenia, Rchb. f, Xenia, i., t. 17. Veragua, Costa Rica, 7000 feet. E. chiriquense, Rchb. f, Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 730. Veragua, Costa Rica. !•:. Chloe, Rchb. i. , Bonpl. 1856, p, 327. Guatemala. IC. ehondylobolbon. Rich, et Gal., Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 st^rie, iii., p. 20. Mexico. E. cili.are, Linn,, Sp. PI. r349 ; Bot. Reg., t. 784; Jacq. .\mer., t. r79, {. 89.— Var. P ciu;pidatum. E. cuspidatum, Lodd., Bot. Cat., t. 10 ; Bot. Reg., t. .783. E. ciliare, Bot. Mag., t. 463.— Var. y vis- cidum, Lindl. Widely dispersed, and common. E. clavatum, Lindl., Bot. Reg., t. 1870. Costa Rica to Guiana. E. Clowesii, Batem., Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc., 16. Guatemala. E. cnemidophoruni, Lindl., Fol. 168; Bot. Mag., t. 5656 ; Gard. Chron, 1864, pp. 292, 364 ; 1867. p. rr42. Guatemala, 7000 feet. E. cochleatum, Linn., J.acq. Ic. Rar. iii., t. 605 ; Bot. M. Fal- coneri may now be placed in the house. It should be syringed three times a day until its flowers are well advanced, when it is best to water it from a fine rose pot, as the force of water from a syringe displaces and excites the sexual organs, causing the flowers to fade prematurely Dendrobium Bensoniix;, nodatum, Parishii, pulchellum, and Findleyanum, must still be kept on the dry side until their flowers appear. I). Findleyanum is at present but little known, and owing to its obtaining only a Second-class Certificate when first exhibited it has since been somewhat slighted ; but a well-bloomed mass of it is about as neat and charming a subject as could be wished for. The Thunias must also now be shaken out and be repotted. The general way of growing several bulbs planted 3 inches apart in a good-sized pot is a very convenient one. The pots should be half full of drainage, secured by a thin layer of turfy loam, the rest of the pot being filled with peat and sphagnum ; every bulb will require a stake, and the base of the young breaks should just rest on the sur- face of the compost. Give these Thunias the very lightest position in the East India-house. The deci- duous section of Calanthes must also be shaken out and repotted ; drain their pots the same as for Thunias ; no compost will grow them better than two- thirds fibry loam (free from wireworm), one-third fine peat, with a dash of river or drift sand. They may either be grown singly in small pots, or several bulbs planted in larger ones. To grow these plants well in Orchid-houses they must occupy what growers term the best positions in the East Indian-house ; con- sequently, no more should be grown than can be accommodated without having to displace other valu- able plants. Many gardeners grow these Calanthes to great perfection in Pine-stoves and Cucumber- houses. The lovely rose colour which C. Veitchii sometimes puts on can only be obtained under the influ- ence of clear light and a pure air. For those who have to grow this plant in or near large towns I feel very sorry, for through no want of skill on their part their houses are during winter minus of one of the most charming colours possible to imagine. Eulophia guineensis may be treated exactly as the Calanthes as regards potting, watering, and resting, but it does not while growing require such a light situation. The Eulophia is a very beautiful plant, throwing during August strong spikes of large rose-lipped flowers, which last long in perfection. The present is a good time to repot La:lia anceps, L. albida, and L. autumnalis. The ordinary Cattleya compost — two- thirds fibry peat and one-third of sphagnum — will suit them ; the former will grow well in the Cattleya-house, while the other two prefer the Mexican-house. Neither of the three require frequent watering, but prefer a good soaking at long intervals. All the plants men- tioned for repotting must after the operation be spar- ingly watered until they show by the emission of new roots that they are capable of using up more. Insects of all descriptions will now be getting as active as the plants they feed upon. In the cool houses greenfly is sure to be troublesome. These houses must never be filled with tobacco- smoke sufficient to kill this pestright off; suchtreatment would be certain to cause a number of old leaves to fall off. The proper thing is to give three or four light fumigations, which will so upset the insects as to check or stop reproduction ; this done the finger and thumb will soon settle those present. In the Cattleya-house woodlice do an awful amount of injury by eating young roots both in and out of the compost. The more frequent waterings which the inmates of this house now require will slightly dis- commode this pest, and they will readily leave the wet compost for a Potato-trap. In the East Indian- house the first thrips attack must be checked by brush and sponge. Give cockroaches a good feast of beetle-poison. Maintain the following temperatures : — Cool-house, 50° to 60° ; Cattleya and intermediate houses, 60° to 70° ; East Indian-house, 65° to 75°. The lowest temperatures are for night and the highest for noon. The Mexican-house should be about 55" at night, rising in the day by sun-heat to 8o^ with plenty of air. The cool-house must have plenty of air, and the next two houses a moderate quantity all day long. Give a little air to the East Indian-house during the hottest hours of the day, and shut it up with plenty of sun-heat. Every house must now be damped down morning and evening, 7. C. Sfyers, Burford Lodge, Dorking. 338 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Makch 15, 1879. THE SATURDAY, MARCH 15, 1879- APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. ilarcli 17 < S ' Sale of Orchids, at Stevens' Rooms. \ Sale r,f Lilies, Plants, See, by Protlicroe & Morris. r Manchester Botanical and Horticultural Society's Show. I East London Amateur Floricultiiral So- iciety's Show (three days). Orceiiock Spring Flower Show (two days). Clearance Sale at The Kcyfield Nurscrj-, I St. Alban's, by Protheroe & Morris. I Sale at The Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottcn- L ham, by Protheroe & Morris. Ills, Bulbs, Trees, &c., at Stevens' f Sale of Plants, Bulbs, T y Rooms ■) Final Sale at The Nui ( Protheroe & Morris. Wednesday, Mar. 19 -^ i.-i;,3f sale at The Nurseries, Tooting, by r Meetiiit,' of the Linnean Society, at 8 P-M- I Torquay Horticultural Society's S|>ring I Show. Thursday, March 20 -I Flower Show at the Winter Gardens, South- port (two days). I Sale of Orchids from New Grenada, at L Stevens' Rooms. Fhtijay, Saturday, March : f Sale of tJrchids, at Stevens' Rooms. ' I I'aisley Horticultural Society's Show. , j Sale of Trees, Shrubs, Roses, Bulbs, &c., at ' \ Stevens' Rooms. SIR TREVOR LAWRENCE'S motion for the Earlier Opening of Kew Gardens met with a very decided negative at the hands of the House of Commons on the 6th inst. Sir Trevor's proposals were moderately confined to the admission of the public to those portions only of the grounds where comparatively little inconvenience would, as it was assumed, be ex- perienced by the entrance of visitors before I o'clock. The debate evinced little or no prac- tical knowledge on the part of the speakers of the actual working and requirements of the gardens, much nonsense and irrelevant matter being introduced on either side. To compare other gardens, such as those at Edinburgh, Paris, or Berlin, is simply to show ignorance of those gardens, and of the very different conditions which exist in those cities from those which obtain at Kew. Very little appeared to be known as to what is actually done at Kew, though the annual reports might have given some inkling of this to our legislators. Still, it was satisfactory to have it distinctly reiterated that the primary purpose of Kew is practical and scientific, and that to this main end the recreative element should be decidedly subordi- nated. Parks and ple.isure grounds are not wanting in the immediate vicinity of Kew, so that after all there is no great hardship in excluding the public for a few hours in the morning while watering is going on in the houses and the gardens are being swept and made ready. On the other hand, if, consistently with the furtherance of the main purpose of Kew, the proper maintenance of its rich collections and the convenience of students, any further conces- sions can be made to the general public, beyond those now in force, it would be doing an injury to horticulture and botany not to make them. The facilities now offered to all those who visit the gardens for purposes of study or busi- ness are so valuable that we are surprised to find that comparatively few avail themselves of them. It would be interesting to know how many of those who have been most active in this agita- tion have applied for the necessary pennission to enter before i o'clock, or have gone through the simple formality of signing their names ; but it would be still more satisfactory to see a larger number of bona JiiL' students and gar- deners using their privileges. We certainly think their claims of far greater weight than those of Richmond nursemaids and their charges, but if they ignore or undervalue them they must not complain if the nursemaids assert their rights somewhat loudly in the future. Past experience of the excellent administration of the gardens affords the best guarantee that, come what may, so long as the direction remains in its present hands, the pre-eminence of Kew as a botanic garden will be jealously maintained. The Svdnev Botanic Garden.— It is scarcely polite now to speak of Botany Bay, but never- theless there is a certain fitness of things in retaining the name for a locality memorable in the annals of botany. The Sydney Botanic Garden is hardly less memorable, for it was the scene of the labours of the two Cunninghams, .■Vllan and Richard, of Fraser, and others ; and it now enjoys a well merited repute under the superintendence of Mr. Charles Moore. We purpose shortly publishing some details of this garden from the pen of Dr. George Bennett, the veteran naturalist and eminent physician, whom we were so glad to see among us recently. In the meantime we give an illustration (fig. 47) of a scene in the garden, the principal feature in which is constituted by the noble Doryanthes excelsa, whose stately habit and brilliant scarlet flowers render it one of the most noticeable of all plants. The stems of this plant attain some 20 feet or more in height, the leaves being not unlike those of some Agave. Coi'Tis ORIENTAI.IS. — Just now there is in bloom in the herbaceous ground at Kew a plant of this little known Japanese species. Flowering at this time of the year it is worthy of special notice. The individual flowers are small, but are borne in a group of 4—6 on a short stalk. They are a whitish colour, not unlike those of a Thalictrum. The leaves are elegantly divided in a ternate manner, the ultimate segments being roundish ovate and sharply toothed. We have also received flowers from Rev. H. N. El.i.ACOMliE. As the plant is little known, and has not found its way into the catalogues, we may state that the plant in question was originally described by Maximowicz in his Mi'langcs bioloi^iqtics, vi., dccas iv., 1S67, p. 259. Professor Church. — It is a matter for extreme regret that the connection of this eminent chemist with the Royal Agricultural College at Cirencester should be severed by reason of some high- handed proceeding on the part of the Principal, yet such appears to be the case. We are so miserably provided with colleges and professors devoted to the advancement of the science of cultivation, that we cannot aftbrd to lose the services in this department of a Professor who has cast lustre upon the College to which he is attached, and who, outside its walls at any rate, holds a much higher position than the reverend Principal. Let us hope the matter may still be adjusted satisfactorily. Disease in Bouvardias.— We have just received samples selected from about 5000 plants of Bouvardia grown in one of the principal London nurseries, from which they are sent out in thousands yearly. A serious disease made its appearance last spring in the tips of the shoots, curling and stunting the leaves, and ultimately stopping the growth. The whole batch was then cut down, the surface soil loosened, and the plants set in a house to start. Not a leaf was left on the plants likely to be a lurking place for any enemy, but the disease in the fresh shoots was as powerful as before. Strange to say, however, the smooth-leaved varieties escaped ; but the rough- leaved kinds, such as Laura, Vrelandii, and Hogarth, were all attacked, as in the specimens transmitted. One of the suggestions was that the plants had been treated with bad water, and from what we have observed it is not impossible that there may be some justice in the observation. The only indication of the disease which we could find was a green tint at the lower part of the plants, beneath which the wood was dead, and it was quite clear that whatever the exact disease might be, it arose from some defect below. Though all was dead or dying above there was clearly an attempt to make a new growth, but in each case the young shoots had died at a very eady stage. On submitting the diseased portion to the microscope we found a species of Alga belonging to the genus Anabaina mixed with a few threads of Oscillatoria, and it is probable that these may have been the cause of mischief. Alga; on the surface of the soil are notoriously inju- rious when abundant, and it is very possible that they may be deleterious when incrusting the lower part of the stem. The hint is at least worthy of attention. M. J. B. Spring Flowers. — The white Narcissus monophyllus is now flowering quite freely in a frame in Mr. Barr's grounds at Tooting. Only the first few flowers are fully expanded, but there are at the least fifty or more buds peeping through the soil. .Some beds of the old-fashioned but ever welcome Hepaticas are also in perfection, mauve, pink, and blue being the colours most distinctly represented. Iris reticulata and its claret-coloured variety, knovm as Krelagei, are also blooming ; and during the week we noticed a tuft of Narcissus minor producing its golden flowers just above the soil in Mr. Parker's nursery, where also the snow-white and deliciously perfumed Aponogeton bears dozens of its twin-spiked flowers. Scillas are peeping here and there, and a tuft of the soft golden lilac-blossomed Aubrietia del- toidea aurea had a distinct and pretty effect. Helle- bores and the Winter Aconite have lingered thus long in beauty, and Snowdrops are alike nearly two months behindhand. Hardy Cyclamens are pushing up their bright-tinted flowers more freely from the grass, and we noticed some in pots protected by a cold frame blooming most profusely. These were of the C. Coum, C. ibericum, and C. Atkinsii breed. The idea has been suggested to us that good results might follow the intelligent hybridisation of these hardy species with C. pcrsicum, a plant few can grow to perfection, and! which likes heat, although it will exist even in an ordinary sitting-room window. The advantages which might possibly be obtained are two-fold — increased hardiness of constitution might be infused into C. persicum with advantage, while larger flowers would increase the attr.actions of the hardy varieties. These last few sunny days have brought out the Crocuses in all their glory of purple and gold everywhere. On the Change of Colour in Grapes. — Here is an extract from the Philosofhical Transactions, 1720, p. 102, of an article on the change of colour of Grapes byMr. Henry Cave : — "About six years since I planted against a w.all a cutting from a Muscadine Vine, on an eastern aspect, where it has the sun from its rise till half an hour after 12. The soil is a stiff clay, but to make it work the better, I meliorated it by mixing some rubbish of the foundation of an old brick wall, where it now grows. Two years since it shot out at both ends, .about 22 inches of a side, before it came to a joint. That on the right was a very luxuriant, exuberant branch, as large as the body of the tree, the other side not half so thick, and the leaves on the right were as large again as those on the left, and I fancy the largest that ever were seen. The right hand bears a very large and good black Grape, and large bunches ; the left hand very good white Grapes, and I had last year more bunches of the white than of the black ; and whereas in all Vines bearing black and blue Grapes the leaves die red, these died white on the black side as well as the other. Last January I pruned the tree again, but tacked up more of the right hand (being black) than I did on the left, for which reason I had this year a great many more of the black than I had of the white, and they ripened for the season of the year very well. I gathered the last about eight days since (October 23), and the leaves die white this year also, being the second year of bearing." The same writer describes an instance of the influence of scion on stock. He grafted a variegated Jessamine on a green one, and the graft | at first grew, but afterwards sickened \ he cut it off, stock and all, close to the ground. The stock afterwards produced shoots with variegated leaves, both from the stem and roots, as in Bradley's well-known case. Lachenalia pendula. — At Hall Place, Tonbridge, Kent, the residence of Samuel Mori.ev, Esq., this useful plant is largely grown in hanging baskets for conservatory decoration. The baskets are about 3 feet in diameter, and from these the foliage and flowers hang in great profusion, forming objects of great beauty. Mr. Berry, who ably presides over the garden at Hall Place, states that the baskets had not been disturbed for two years. The Dukr of Connaught's Marriage. — Amongst the presents made to the Duke of Con- naught on the occasion of his marriage with the Princess Louise Margaret of Prussi.\, was a fine oil painting by the Crown Princess of Germany, and signed "Victoria, 1S7S." It is a large canv.is, repre- senting fruit and flowers, a cut Melon and Pine-apple such as the Queen's gardener sends for competition at the fruit shows, luscious Grapes and wall-fruit laid on a light blue cloth, with autumn flowers bound up ■ behind the tempting-looking fruit. March 15, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 339 Peculiar Distribution ok a Grass.— There are many peculiarities in the distribution of plants which are hard to explain. The common Lady's-mantle, Alchemilla vulgaris, is abundant and widely dispersed in Europe, N. Asia, and the moun- tains ol India ; but, what is most sing\ilar, it also Freezing Rain. — This most destructive phenomenon is fortunately of rare occurrence. We remember an instance about the year 1854. It happened towards morning, and when the sun rose, no more brilliant sight could be imagined. Every- thing was encased in ice, which glittered in the blight mind by reading an account of a similar, though far more destructive freezing rain, which fell in the West of England early in December, 1671. A contributor to the Pliilosophical Traiisat/ioiis of that date gives some particulars, from which it appears that the mutilation and total destruction of Fig. 47. — DORYANTHES EXCELSA, IN THE SYDNEY BOTANIC GARDEN. (SEE 1'. jjS.) occurs in the Australian Alps. With one exception, the species of Deutzia are Asi.itic, inhabiting China and Japan and the mountains of Northern India. The exceptional species is a native of Orizaba, in Mexico. Abelia has a similar distribution. liut to return to our grass, the little Coleanthus subtilis. This is an exceedingly rare grass, which has been found in the very distant localities of Bohemia, Nor- way, and Oregon, in North-west America. sunshine in a most dazzling manner. The rain froze immediately on coming in contact with the earth, trees, and other objects, so that in early morning it was almost impossible to walk in the streets, as the ice was of the clearest and smoothest. On this occasion the quantity of rain that fell was not so great as to overweight and break down trees on a large scale, nevertheless it caused considerable damage in some districts. This event w.is recalled to our trees was very great in the neighbourhood of Bristol, Bath, Wells, &c. He states that he "weighed the sprig of an Ash tree of just three quarters of a pound which w.as brought to his table, and the ice on it weighed sixteen pounds, besides what was melted off by the hands of those who brought it." He continues : "A very small bent at the same time was produced which had an icicle encompassing it of 5 inches round by measure, yet all this while, when trees and hedges 140 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 15, 1879. were laden wlih ice, there was no ice to be seen on our rivers, nor so much as on our standing pools." "All the trees, young and old, on the highway from Bristol to Sheplon were so torn and thrown down on both sides the way that they were impassaljle. By the like obstructions the carriers of Bruton were forced to return back." It is recorded, too, that the orchards suffered very severely, especially those exposed to the north-east. From the evidence of another writer it appears that this freezing rain extended eastwards to Oxford, and was succeeded by extraordinarily mild weather, insomuch that Apple trees were forced into blossom by Christmas. Planting Seeds in Moss. — Tliis is now known to be an excellent plan for raising Pitcher- plants and other delicate seeds ; but it appears that Mr. Charles Bonnet, of Geneva, practised the same thing as early as 1747. An account of his experiments was published in the Pliilosopliical Transactions for that year. He raised plants both from seeds and cuttings in this way, and he also grew Pinks, Gilliflowers, Daisies, Tuberoses, Tulips, Hya- cinths, Jonquils, and Narcissus ; and all these plants succeeded as well as others which he planted in mould. Vme cuttings grew into larger plants than others raised in the ground. The Letter of the Law.— The Wiener Laiiihvirthschaftlichc Zciliin« reports, as quoted in the Hamliicr^er Gartcnzcilun^, a curious instance of official despotism in Austria. Tobacco cultivation is a Government monopoly, consequently the com- mittee of a certain school, wishing to teach the scholars, among other things, something of economic botany, applied to the authorities for permission to grow six Tobacco-plants in the garden attached to the school. The reply to this very reasonable request was severely majestic, pointing out that by such and such an ordinance it was illegal, and concluding to the effect that if they had commenced growing these six Tobacco-plants, steps should forthwith be taken to destroy them. As the Vienna paper in question observes, this was indeed rather too strong Tobacco ; why not prohibit the cultivation of the Tobacco- plant in the University gardens, as they are also school gardens ! Cyclamens at Ealing Dean.— The dis- play of this beautiful flower at Mr. H. B. Smith's nursery at Ealing Dean, surpasses in extent and in beauty of development in the flowers anything seen there previously. There are plants of all sizes, from superb specimens in 24-sized pots, averaging 100 beautiful blooms each, to quite small plants in small 6o's, with from five to eight and nine blooms each. The past winter, owing to its cold and sun- less character, proved more than usually trying to the plants, but unrelaxing attention and intelligent over- sight did wonders as mitigating agencies. Out of the many plants grown, to be numbered by the thousand, the absence of narrow-petalled varieties is something remarkable ; the converse holds good— finely formed stout flowers in plenty, and with that happy balance between foliage and flowers that makes a perfect specnnen Cyclamen of whatever size such an attractive plant. The Cyclamen is unrivalled for beauty and usefulness as a winter and spring flowering plant ; and what a great demand there is for it is seen when it is stated that Mr. Smith sends a big load to London three times a week and generally every day. The durability of its flowers is another great feature — the flowers are yet to be seen on some plants that were there when shown in London in November last. In a cut state they will remain fresh three weeks, a month, and even longer. A large number of plants are now sent to the great industrial centres, as Bir- mingham, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle-on- Tyne, &c. In regard to variation in colour, some of the pink-tinted flowers are both new and beautiful, with a delicacy of floral expression exaltingly refined and most winsome. They are as a glowing prophecy of something yet more beautiful. Oil OF Perilla ocimoides.^A sample of this important oil w.as exhibited at a recent meeting of the Horticultural Society of Berlin. It is a Japanese product, and is obtained from the seeds. This oil, on the authority of the Comte deC.^stillon in the Rcvuc Horticok, 187S, as quoted in the Monatsschrift tics Vercincs ziir BcforJcrtin;^ ,/es Carteniaiics, is the ^'e Goma, which is employed in various ways. It is employed, in the proportion of ten per cent., to facilitate the extraction of the wax of Rhus vernicifera and R. sjccedanea, also to render coats and umbrellas water-tight, and in the manu- facture of the celebrated Japanese leather paper. AzARA MiCRornYLLA. — It is Satisfactory to note that this most beautiful species is hardier than two others with which it is planted in the pleasure grounds at Kew. Although injured, it will evidently grow again, while A. GiUiesii and A. dentata are quite killed. These are in the dell by the flag-staff. Nan- dina domestica, so beautiful last summer, in an adjoin- ing bed, is unscathed beyond the loss of its leaves. Berberidopsis corallina, though safe against a wall of the T range, and on another wall in a colder position, is here quite killed. The Cistus collection, as might be expected, has suffered much ; the hardiest appear to be C. ladaniferus, C, laurifolius, C. monspeliensis, and C. corboriensis, of which the first three are quite without injury. The majority of the species are quite dead. Plagianthus betulinus, of New Zealand, AristoteliaMacqui, of Chili, Cneorum tricocum, of the South of Europe, which survive the milder winters, have this season been killed. Orchids at Kew. — Among the Orchids at Kew, a very fine specimen of Dendrochilum gluma- ceum has recently come into bloom. It has thirty- five spikes, each drooping in the most elegant manner ; the flowers are deliciously scented. Odontoglossum triumphans has just opened, it is exceedingly beautiful, and much superior to O. luteo-purpureum in the brightness of its colour. Several fine additions occur among the Dendrobiums ; the most beautiful is D. Devonianum, and among others are the true D. bar- batulum, D. mutabile, and D. Findleyanum. A fine specimen of Lajlia superbiens must be mentioned, and also the distinct and pretty Cypripedium Lowii. Prospects OF Fiji. — Mr. Horne, the Direc- tor of the Botanical Gardens at Mauritius, who has visited the Fiji Islands with a view to investigate their capabilities, speaks in the highest terms of the suitableness of the islands to grow all kinds of tro- pical produce. The varieties of Sugar-cane grown excite his special admiration, as the islands are specially adapted for their culture. There is also a large extent of land better adapted for growing Coffee than any other tropical product. Several of the islands contain large areas of almost incomparably fine Coffee land, and enjoy a climate which is at once healthy and well adapted for the growth of the Coffee shrub. Cocoa-nut Palms, and Cocoa (Theo- broma) might profitably be grown to a greater extent than at present. Cotton-growing is scarcely remuner- ative. Tea, Cinchona, and Tobacco, together with Rice, Maize, Cloves, Nutmegs, Pepper, and many tropical fruits, &c., might be grown here, and Mr. Horne points out the desirability of varying the pro- ducts raised. " The more varied these are," says he, " the less will be the distress which a season of failure or low prices would certainly cause if the welfare of the community depended on one kind of crop. Geographically speaking, Figi occupies a most enviable position. .Situated within the tropics, she is about from six to eight days' steaming from Australia and New Zealand, where the demands for her produce are extensive and increasing. From the bountiful nature of the soil, .and the favourable climate, she will successfully compete in these markets with all rivals, not excepting the tropical parts of Australia." Carpet Bedding Two Centuries Ago. — A contributor to Der Deutsche Gar/en says, probably most garden owners and lovers of flowers think that carpet-bedding is quite a modern idea ; but this is a great error, as is proved by a work in which this subject is treated, at least two hundred years old. The full title of this work is given, and it is an exceedingly copious and comprehensive one, including allerband farleerren von brodcries als niossaique, ^'c. The book contains nearly a hundred finely engraved copper-plates from correct drawings. We, however, do not gather from the title, or the legends of the plates quoted in Der Deutsche Garten, that carpet-bedding, as we under- stand it now-a-days, was practised in these days. We may be wrong, but we think partecrrcn von brodcries, &c., were designs in clipped Box, &c., representing regular patterns or grotesque forms. It would be interesting to have more fully explained what the writer regards as carpet-bedding, c-pecially what part of the title, text, or plates refers to this style of planting flower-beds and borders. Perhaps if this should come under Mr. O. Huttig's notice, he will furnish Der Deutsche Garten, or this journal, with a lew more details. Economical Gardens for Londoners. — On Wednesday evening, the 19th inst., a paper on "Economical Gardens for Londoners " will be read before the Society of Arts, by Mr. W. Mattieu Williams, F.R.A.S. Plants and Birds from New Guinea. — Mr. B. S. Williams has recently received a large consignment of plants, c&c, from Mr. Goldie, his collector in New Guinea ; also a large collection of birds, numl)ering about 1500 skins, in splendid order. It must be highly gratifying to Mr. Williams to find his collector so fortunate in procuring collections of such magnitude, and more especially when new species are obtained, as is the case in this collection. Ornithologists and botanists will now have an oppor- tunity of becoming acquainted with the beauties which this hitherto unknown region contains. We under- stand that the whole collection of birds will be sold at Stevens' Rooms .it an early date. Bottling Grapes. — Mr. W. Thomson, of Clovenfords, in the current number of the Florist, throws doubt on the wholesomeness of Grapes kept in this way. It is, of course, possible that changes may occur in the fruit from the continued absorption of the water, but before coming to such a conclusion further experience is required. Mr. Thom- son, whose opinion on such a subject is worthy the greatest respect, deems it to be far better, except for the sake of appearance, to keep Grapes without water than with it. Hotbed Frames. — If gardeners and others will give a trial to the following plan they will find it less than one-fourth the expense of glass frames, and much more useful : — Take white calico of a close texture, stretch it, and nail it on frames of any size you wish ; mix 2 oz. of lime water, 4 oz. of linseed oil, I oz. of white of eggs separately, 2 oz. of yelk of eggs ; mix the lime and oil with a very gentle heat ; beat the eggs separately and mix with the former. Spread the mixture with a paint-brush on the cloth, allowing each coat to dry before applying another, until they become waterproof. The following are some of the advantages these shades possess over glass ; — I. The cost being hardly one-fourth. 2. Repairs are cheaply and easily made. 3. They are light ; they do not require watering ; no matter how intense the heat ot the sun, the plants are never struck down, faded, or checked in growth ; neither do they grow up long, sickly, and weakly, as they do under glass, and still there is abundance of light. The heat entirely arises from below, and is equable and temperate, which is a great object. The vapour arises from the manure and earth, and is condensed by the cool air p.assing under the surface of the shade, and hangs in drops upon the inside, therefore the plants do not require so frequent watering. If the frames or stretchers are made large, they should be intersected with cross-bars about I foot square to support the cloth. These frames are also well adapted for bringing forward flowers in season. For forcing Melons, Tomatos, vegetables, &c., this prepared cloth is especially adapted, as it can be attached to boxes of any size, and cut to fit them. Little, though square, boxes of the proper size and height, covered with this pre- pared cloth, can be placed over the beds in which roots and seeds arc planted, and the plants allowed to stand without transplanting until all danger of frost is over, when the boxes may be taken off, and placed carefully away for another season. Irish Farmers' Gazette. Sedums for Winter Carpeting of Beds. — The sad havoc worked by the hard winter among spring bedding plants — Wallflowers, Silenes, Forget-me-nots, P.insies, Violas, Nemophila, Daisies, &c. — has served to give point to the v.ilue of the hardy Sedums as winter plants, and especially S. acre aureum and S. lydium. These are now most charm- ingly effective, and the rich bright deep green of the one serves to bring out into marked contrast the clear golden tips of the other. Many a naked patch of soil might be most appropriately clothed with these March 15, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 341 (.hiring the summer, and with nothing else employed in combination the beds would yet have a pleasantly furnished appearance right up to the time when they would be required for the summer bedding plants. It would not be necessary to lift the plants, as a few clumps put out by themselves in spring would produce a large number of plants by autumn. They could be dug in, taking care to bury them deep enough to rot. These Sedums make an excellent carpet for beds of bulbs ; and bulbs such as Crocuses, Tulips, Hyacinths, and Narcissi, are about the cheapest and most eft'ective sulijects that can be put into the flower-beds during the winter for the spring display. More .'Viiout Snowdroi's. — Since our note on this subject at p. 237 we have received from Mr. Melville additional specimens of his line variety of Snowdrop, and we have further been asked how we distinguish it from G. Imperati. The dift'erence con- sists in the flowers (of both varieties of which we have specimens before us), in the broader flower-segments of Melville's variety, and especially in the inner flower-segments, or petals, which are shorter, broader, and more nearly circular in outline than is the case in G. nivalis var. Imperati. The sepals or outer flower segments of Imperati are linear-oblong, more gradu- ally tapering to the base, .as in ordinary nivalis ; and the petals or inner flower-segments are also more elongated and less rounded in outline than in Imperati or other forms of nivalis. Some of our correspondents have found fault with us, and for exaggerating the size especially of G. Imperati ; but their animadver- sions are more than neutralised by the opposite pro- tests that we have not done justice to it ! More espe- cially is this true of G. Elwesii, of which we have since seen much finer specimens than those illustrated. We refer to our correspondence columns for some further remarks on this subject. Anemone Pulsatilla (the Pasque- flower), though one of the oldest denizens of old- fashioned borders, even now needs niore extended knowledge, as it is not nearly so well known as it deservedly merits. Flowering in company with Squills, Hepaticas, and other hardy spring flowers, it is a great ornament at this dullseason. It grows about afoot high, with finely cut folkage, and produces numerous large flowers of a violet-purple colour, relieved by the central golden tuft of stamens. The whole plant is, moreover, covered with silky hairs. It thrives best in rather stiff loamy soil, for if it be too light the plants are subject to injury during summer. It is scarcely necessary to add that this handsome plant is one of our native wild flowers, and though somewhat local in distribution is found in several counties grow- ing in chalky pastures. Gardening at Saigon. — The following notes on gardening and cultivation at Saigon appear in a recent report of the British Consul resident there. The only gardeners available, it seems, are Chinese, who manage by constant labour to produce Lettuces, lieans, Radishes, Turnips, Tomatos, Cabbages, and a variety of other edibles not generally in vogue with Europeans. Potatos, we are told, do not flourish, nor does Asparagus. " The blossoming of plants and the maturing of fruits cannot ba predicted with certainty ; the rainy and dry seasons exercise much iulluence, and of late years they themselves have been sonrewhat irregular, the incessant action of heat which is nearly always excessive renders the determination of such matters still more difficult. Generally speaking, tropical plants flourish at the open- ing of the wet, and those of temperate climes during the early part of the dry season. Not that there is anygreat quantity or variety during either period. Of fruits. Bananas, Plantains, and Oranges are nearly always in season ; Mangos and Mangosteens are confined to the months of .Xpril, May, and June, earlier or later as the season favours them. A very inferior kind of Pine .appears in Juae and July. The introduction of the Litchi and Durian is being attempted. M>lons, Custard- apples, aud GuAvas are produced in sm.rll quantities." The South.vmpton Horticultural Society. — His Royal Highness Prince Leopold having consented to become the President of this Society, in succession to the late Hon. Eliot C. Yorke, the committee applied to the proper quarter to be allowed to use the prefix of " Royal," and Her Majesty the Queen has been graciously pleased to accede to their request. Thus in the future the Society will bQ knowaas "The Royal Sjuthamptqn Horticultural Society." It has, as we learn from a local paper, made rapid strides in the past ; it has attained now a good position, .and if it is only aided by those who have it in their power, it must tend to become one of the most powerful and successful societies of the kind in the South of England. Flower Show.s at the Crystal Palace. — We have received a copy of the schedule of prizes offered for competition at the Summer Exhibition to be held on >Lay 24. There are thirty-two classes altogether, and only first and second prizes are offered. In conjunction with this is a list of the prizes offered by the National Rose Society for com- petition on June 28. The management of these shows is very properly entrusted to Mr. Tho.MSON, the Superintendent of the Palace Gardens. Norfolk and Norwich Horticultural Society. — The spring show of this Society will be held on May 10 ; and to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the Society a grand Rose show will be held on June 25 and 26. The autumn exhibition is fixed for September 11. Orchids from New Grenada. — Mr. B. S. Williams has just received a fine lot of the beautiful Odontoglossum Alcx.andraj from his collector in New Grenada ; also a new species of Masdevallia, with yellow flowers, which has fortunately arrived in good condition. ALasdevaIli.as and Odontoglossums are very difficult things to import, and we are glad to see that Mr. Williams has been fortunate enough to secure a good quantity of this popular Orchid. We believe they are to be sold at Stevens' Rooms on the 2Qth inst. . Roman Hyacinths. — Mr. Krelage asks us to state, with reference to his remarks on the exportation of Roman Hyacinths from Holland, at p. 277, that since writing that letter he has been informed that the number of bulbs exported last year was about two millions. Fungus on Maples. — Every resident in the country, with an eye for plants, must be familiar with the circular black spots on leaves of the Sycamore and Maple. According to M. Max Cornu, as quoted in the last number of Grevillca, these spots are the work of a parasitic fungus sometimes called Xyloma acerinum. This Xyloma is, however, only a transitory form of the fungus, for when the leaves fall to the ground in the autumn a new growth appears in these spots, the plant produces asci, and becomes Rhytisma acerinum. The parasite is annual in its duration, and is altogether confined to the deciduous foliaceous organs ; it is only fully^developed on the organs when they are in a young state. In order to destroy the fungus, it is enough to remove all the spotted leaves which fall in autumn. Crocus s.vitvus. — In the last number of the Journal of tlu Central Horticultural Society of France yi. DucHARTRE makes mention of a specimen of Crocus sativus grown by M. Chappellier and in which the three outer flower segments or sepals had assumed the colour and form of the stigmas. Apart from the morphological interest of the specimen it is of value for economic reasons, inasmuch as it is for the sake of the stigmas, which constitute the saffron of commerce, that the plant is grown. This variety, therefore, if perpetuated, would have a double value. Sugar in Cuka. — The sugar trade of Cuba appears to be in a very flourishing state. We learn that a considerable improvement has lately taken place in the percentage of sugar extracted from the cane, which improvement is said to result from the planters having at last opened their eyes to the neces- sity of giving the canes more air by planting them farther apart, as well as by the use of improved machinery for extracting the saccharine matter. " They have not as yet introduced the ' macerating ' process of steaming and reducing the cane to pulp which has given such satisfactory results in Demerara and elsewhere, though the attempt has been made to attain the same result by means of hot water, which, though it has hitherto proved inefficacious, shows that the attention of the planters has been called to the new system." In spite of the poor crops that have prevailed during the last two years, and the enorn^ous imposts the planters h^VQ to yndergo, the vitality of this branch of the industry of the island is remarkable. While in the south and western depart- ments of the island many of the estates have been abandoned in consequence of the insurgents, in the north as many as twenty new sets of machinery, involving an outlay of at least ;^l5o,ooo, have been erected during the past year. It is also stated .as a highly satisfactory fact that the " island has hitherto been spared from the ravages of the 'changa, ' a species of worm which eats into and utterly destroys the cane, and which has committed such devastation lately in the neighbouring island of Porto Rico." Institution of Surveyors. — The next meeting will be held on Monday evening, March 17, when a paper will be read by Mr. II. J. Castle, Sen., on " Contributive Value." The chair will be taken at 8 o'clock. Tree or Perpetual Carnations. — The popularity enjoyed by this useful class of plants, and the growing demand for them for the sake of the flowers they produce in winter and spring, is shown from the fact that Messrs. E. G. Henderson & Son, Pine-apple Place Nursery, Maida Vale, find it necessary to propagate something like six thousand plants annually. The cuttings are struck during January, and up to the end of February, in a little heat ; they are put into a cool-house as soon .as rooted, then potted off, ready to put into cold frames when mild weather sets in. By summer the plants are in 4S-sized pots ; they are then plunged in cocoa-nut fibre, or spent hops from a brewery, in the open ground, and care is taken that the plants do not suffer for want of water. Old plants that have be- come thick with shoots are cut back after blooming, then allowed to break into growth, and when the weather suits are planted out in the open ground, reducing the ball somewhat when this is done. In the autumn the plants are taken up and put into a cold frame, and they come in very handy as stock plants. A great many new varieties are being pro- duced annually, and the old type of habit, lean and lanky, has given place to free and bushy growers, and a greater freedom of bloom, as well as being much more continuous. That delicious fragrance which characterises the summer Carnation is present to a large' degree in many of the new perpetual-flowered varieties. The We.\ther. — From the report issued by the Meteorological Office we learn that the weather at the commencement of the week ending March 10 was cloudy and unsettled generally, but an improve- ment commenced in the south-east on the 5th, and gradually spread, first to our western and afterwards to our northern stations. On the 6th, 7th, and Sth brilliant weather was prevalent, with fogs at some places in the early mornings ; but on the 9th cloud appeared in the north and west, extending to the south and east on the following day. The temperature was a little below the mean in the south-west of England, but above it in all other districts, the excess being greatest in the east of Scotland and the north- east of England. A steady rise occurred in most places until the gth, by which time the midday read- ings at the English stations were very high, 62° being reported as the maximum at Audley End and Strath- field Turgiss, 63' in London, and 64° at Cambridge. Several sharp night frosts occurred at the same time, the thermometer falling to 27' in many parts of Eng- land, to 26' at Audley End, and to 25° at Shrewsbury ; the gross temperatures were of course still lower. The weather during the daytime became decidedly colder on the loth, but owing to the prevalence of cloud the night minima reported were higher than those previously experienced. The rainfall was a little in excess of the mean in Scotland and the north of Ireland, but less in other districts. In most places the falls occurred either at the beginning or end of the period, there being an almost entire absence of rain on the 7th, Sth, and 9th. The wind blowed strong to a gale from the south-westward at all but the south-eastern stations on the 4th and 5th, veering to west and falling moderate on the 6th. Calm or variable airs were reported from many places on the 7th, but on the Sth and gth southerly breezes began to re-appear in the west and north ; while on the loth westerly winds were reported generally. Gardening Appointment.— Mr. George Ratcliffe, late gardener at Biddulph Gnange, has been appointed gardener and bailiff to RoiiERT Leake, Esq., Th? Pales, near ^I.at^chcstev, o 42 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Makch is, 1S70. panic Corrcsponkirtc. Odontoglossura Londesboroughianum. — We regret being unable to give more informalion respect- ing tlie locality nnd habits of this fine Orchid than yon have already imblished. Our collector has, so far, merely informed us that it grows on shelving rocks fully exposed to the sun, where the temperature rises to 120° in the daytime, and falls to 55° (or lower ?) at night. We have received O. citrosmum from the same region in Mexico, if not from the identical district. As we have developed larger and hncr bulbs of the latter than we ever remember to have imported, there seems no solid ground for assum- ing that 0. Londesboroughianum will be difficult to manage. If cultivators were less afraid of cooling Mexican Orchids to death, and more afraid of cooking them to death, by high night tempera- ture, they would, in not a few cases, we feel sure, be more successful in getting vigorous growth and more abundant liloom. With the exception of a very few plants of this Odontoglot, which we sold many years ago {Lord Londesborough's being one of them), we have never imported this species till the present time. We have little, indeed no sympathy with the idea that this or that Orchid, or any plant, has a bad constitution, or is unmanageable, when there is often nothing wrong but our own ignorance and want of perseverance. In all probability where failure occurs, some simple law or requirement is deviated from, and it should be the aim of each cultivator, in noticed cases of difficulty, to try various positions, untrammelled by the apparent success or failure of other growers, till personal experience carries the day, otheiwise gems innumerable may be thrown aside as incorrigible or hopeless, which otherwise might be found as docile as could be desired. Orchid cultivators too often forget that though in this northern latitude we have less powerful solar rays than in tropical regions, we have in our summers nearly one half longer duration of daylight in each twenty-four hours than the plants would get in their native land. Jas. Backhouse £» Sou, York Nurseries, Marcli 8, Lilium tigrinum flore-pleno. — This is, I con- sider, a first-class hardy Lily, and the most useful of the whole batch of Lilies. It grows strongly and stoutly from 5 to 6 feet high, and when laden with a dozen or two of fine large double flowers it forms a very striking object. Like all double flowers it lasts in flower longer than the other Lilies, and after being cut it carries well" and lasts well in water, which is a great matter in the Lily way. Most people like it, and most people are anxious to obtain it when they see it. I cannot recommend it too strongly as being in every way and in reality a noble flower amidst a noble family, and any one adding it to his collection will not regret doing so. It forms an excellent pot-plant also, and flowering as it does, late, in late gardens it would come in valuable for the conservatory for late cutting. I have several of mine planted around the base of my house where it is warm, and where it does exceedingly well. Others again are in a Rose-bed, and others again at the foot of a Rose conservative wall. Under all these conditions they are objects of interest. Henry Kjii^ht, Floors, Odontoglossum madrense, Kchb. f. — Messrs. Veitch have kindly sent me a wonderful inflorescence of this nice thing. It is just two spans high, and the whole of the upper part is occupied by a splendiil raceme of eight well developed flowers, quite equal to the best flowers of the common small inflorescences one is accustomed to see. Hence, I guess, that by- and-bye also our specimens will get such a lovely development, which will be regarded as a very agree- alile prospect Ijy those who grow this much esteemed species. I began to think the two shrivelled wild flowers, which I obtained by Mr. Ortgies, of Zurich, belonged to Odontoglossum maxillare. In consequence of this it came in the trade as maxillare, and was well figured under this name in the Botanical A/as^azine. If 1 remember well, it was discovered by Mr. Roezl himself on his last Mexican excursion, when teaching collecting to his good nephew, Mr. Franz Klaboch. It is a very great pity that this young and yet very experienced and successful collector has fallen a victim to his zeal. He did not earn the finish of his work, as is the usual fate of many collectors. This glorious inflorescence was sent to Messrs. Veitch by W. Warner, Esq., Camden Wood, Chislehurst. H. G. Rchb. f. Bequests to Gardeners.—" T. O'G." asl;s as to gardeners claiming under a bequest to "servants." He may like to know that a case involving a heavy amount (from the number of persons employed) has very recently been decided before one of the Vice- Chancellors. It related to the will of the late Mr. Thornton, of Knowle, Sidinouth, Devon. I saw it reported in the .Standard within the last month or so. Exact particulars could no doubt be obtained by a line to Knowle — to the head gardener. I think it was decided that every one " in the receipt of wages" could claim the bequest. Gardeners were not specially mentioned in the brief summary I saw, but clearly would come into the above description. /'. S. Snowdrops. — A fortnight ago the Gardeners' C/ironicle published two nice illustrations of Galanthi, but I was sorry to see that the plate did not do justice to G. r'lwesii, which in every respect is the best of all. Not only are the flowers more full and substantial, but they are larger and of a purer white than those of Imperati. The colour is heightened by the broad, very glaucous foliage ; moreover, it produces two flowers from the same sheath, which is generally not the case with G. Imperati. The only advantage which the latter has over all others is that the blooms appear ten to fourteen days earlier. To the G. nivalis section another form must be added, viz., G. nivalis forma virescens, which on the outer perianth segments has a greenish blotch, but which is neverthe- less a very nice plant. Max Leichtlin, Baden-Baden, I send per same post a box containing a few blooms of Galanthus. First, the large variety, to which you have kindly attached my name, and which I send as illustrative of one of the largest forms of G. nivalis. As showing the other extreme, I send a pretty, dwarf, small-flowering variety of G. nivalis, Snowdrops. — I was glad to read my friend Mr. Ellacombe's remarks on Galanthus nivalis var. Shay- lockii. He sent me, a few days ago, a bloom of this very remarkable Snowdrop (fig. 48). It is quite as dis- tinct as G. Elwesii, and far more so than G. Imperati. The prolonged bifurcated spathe fixes the eye at once, and the large green blotch on the outer tip of each perianth petal reminds me more of a Leucojum than a (Jalanthus. Has it any Leucojum blood ? I hope the authorities of the Berlin Gardens will tell us something of its origin. The etiolated variety of G. nivalis, with yellow ovary and blotches on the petals, is also very remarkable. It was found by Mr. .San- ders, of Newnham, near Cambridge, in an old- fashioned farmhouse garden in a remote part of Northumberland, and sent to me for identification. By my request Mr. Sanders forwarded bulbs to Kew. Mr. Baker thought that in general character it agreed with the description of G. reflexus. Haw., but the petals are not reflexed. It is a very delicate variety, and with me has never yet got strong enough to bloom. It should be called G. nivalis var. San- dersii. This variety and Shaylockii would make a very interesting plate for the Botanical Magazine. G. Redoutei, for bulbs of which I am indebted to the kindness of Dr. Regel, appears to be a very late species. It is now barely above ground, though planted in a glazed pit. I have as yet never seen it in bloom. Mr. Melville's Dunrobin Seedling is now in bloom. It is, I am now disposed to think, a true Fig. 48. — GALANTHUS NIVALIS VAR. SHAYLOCKII, FROM KEW. while the common one usually occupies a place in point of size between the two. The variations of G. nivalis between the large and small forms are almost endless, varying in length, width, and thickness of petal, size and length or depth of cup and in form of flower, some retaining a bell form, others almost starry, and others partially reflexed. Some forms are very dwarf, and others may be termed giants ; others bloom two to three weeks earlier than the ordinary type, others as much later — all, however, having the distinctive markings of nivalis on the cup. These variations are not so much observed where the plants are increased solely by division as where they are en masse in natural positions, propagating them- selves freely by seed. D. Melville, Dunrobin Gardens, SutJierland. With regard to single or double Snowdrops tastes differ very much. I know that the indi- vidual flowers of the single variety are much more perfect and beautiful than those of the double one ; but this morning, as I looked from my bedroom win- dow on sundry clumps of both sorts, I was convinced of the great superiority of the double variety for garden decoration. The large pure white blossom of the double form is very conspicuous, whilst the more perfect flower of the single variety is to a great extent lost amidst the foliage. I have also noticed that the double variety is a week or ten days earlier than its single brother — or rather sister, for it might well be called the virgin flower. The old adage is. Never look a gift horse in the mouth. Those who adopt this plan may prefer the double Snowdrop ; but he who wishes to kiss the lips of the dove of spring will make love to the single one. Jay Aye, Galanthus, and free from any Leucojum strain ; but it is a very fine variety, very nearly, if not quite, equal to G. Imperati. I have another variety quite as large as Imperati, but with longer perianth petals — so long that they at once catch the eye — which was collected for me by Lord Walsingham in Albania. It might well be called "longiflorus." H. Harpur- Creioe, Drayton-Bcauchamp Rectory, Triiig, March I. Preserving Stakes from Decay. — It strikes me that a more etlectual plan of pickling the bottom- ends than tarring them with a brush would be to get a smith to stop the bottom end of a piece of large sized cast-iron gas-pipe (say 6 inch diameter or larger); prop it upright with a few bricks or two iron wire stays ; make a fire against one side of it, and fill it nearly full of gas-tar and pitch in right proportions — putting a few stakes in at a time, and letting them boil for a little while in the mixture. It will not only boil into the wood more, in such a way, but the compound will contain more pitch than can be well put on with a brush — as pitch so soon cools and becomes difiicult to spreail. F. S. Gardenias in Small Pots. — I propagated a quantity of these last April ; I put, say a dozen cuttings in a pot and placed ihem in my cutting-case, and soon as rooted potted them singly in small thumbs, returned them to the cutting-case, and soon as pots were full of root, I shifted them on until I got them to the required size in 4J, inch pots. Now I have them with from seven to thirteen bloom-buds just ready to expand, but I do not require them before April or I might have them in bloom now. This March 15, 1879.] THE GARDRNRRS' CHRONICLE. 343 year I intend to grow a much larger quantity. John Clr.vs, Ihadfoit Gardens, Kclh, Co. Rlcalh. Cuttings of Gardenia Florida, if put in any time within the next month and grown steadily on, will make grand plants for house decoration by next year. Plants so treated with us during the past year are now dwarf compact specimens in 6-inch pots, with from twelve to sixteen flower-buds on each — no mean objects for many purposes. G. S. S. Orchids for Decoration. — As I require a large quantity of plants in small pots for decoration, I thought I would try what Ca-logyne cristata and Lix-lia anceps would do in small j^ots, so I pulled them to pieces and potted them in 4j-inch pots, and I am very pleased with the results, especially with the Coeiogyne. I have some now with seven spikes and six blooms on a spike. The Loelia anceps I only had two spikes on a pot. I am also growing the An- thurium Scherzerianum in small pots, and they are now throwing up finely, though some have been in bloom all the winter. John Clrivs. The Camellias at Dalkeith.— That these |ilants are in great beauty at this time I believe as fully as the writer in last week's Gardeners' Chronicle who describes them, but he makes a mistake when he says they are grown in pure loam. I was with Mr. Thom- son when he made up the border and planted them, two years before he left Dalkeith, and there were ground bones and leaf-mould mixed with the loam. After he planted them some pure loam was spread over the surface of the border. An Old Dalkeilhite. Forced Strawberries. — In last week's issue of the Gardeners' Chronicle I see it stated (p. 299) that the first sample of this season's forced Straw- berries appeared in Mr. Lewis Solomon's window in the Centre Avenue, Covent Garden, on Wednesday, the 5th inst., and also that Mr. Baker, of Coombe Cottage, Kingston-on-Thames, gathered his first dish on the 2d inst., which, moreover, you state is the earliest gathering you have heard of this season. Permit me to say that we made our first picking on the 24th ult., the variety being Garibaldi, the fruit of which, notwithstanding the unfavourable nature of the weather for setting, swelling, and ripening the Iruit during the months of January and February, have been better than with ordinary kinds could have been ex- pected. The fruit was large, of a good colour, and finely flavoured ; moreover, this variety is a very free setter. Our first batch of plants — Garibaldi and Keens' Seedling — were put in to force on December 4 last — well, we know what kind of weather followed for the next ten or twelve weeks — and in due course came into flower. The former throw up well, and, I believe, set every flower, whereas the latter — Keens' Seedling — threw up very sparingly, and scarcely set half-a-dozen fruit, thus demonstrating very forcibly the superiority of Garibaldi, as an early forcer, over other well tried and by no means nonprolific varieties. The old Black Prince is without doubt an excellent variety for early work, but the smallness of its berries is against it. Keens' Seedling, .Sir Charles Napier, Sir Joseph Paxton, President, and British Queen make a very good succession to Garibaldi, and follow in the order named. In conclusion, I may add that we picked our second dish on the 26th ult., since which time we have been picking two and three dishes a week ; but from this date we shall be able to gather a dish daily. In ordinary seasons we commence pick- ing Strawberries the middle of February. //. IV. IVard, Longford Caslle. I gathered my first dish on February 25, the second on March 2, the third on March 6, and the fourth this day (March 8) ; those gathered to-day, 2 lb. in weight, were of Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury. These plants were put into gentle heat on December 2, plunged in leaves until fairly started, when they were shifted into our early pot vinery until in flower. The foliage of the Vines was beginning to shade them, I thereupon shifted them into the Cucumber and Melon houses, where they have set and ripened. I may add that 100 plants is the entire batch. For thirty years and more have I forced these delicate fruits, but never have I seen such an early crop before. This is my first year of forcing the Countess, but, if I am spared, it won't be the last. R. Gilbert, Biirghley Gardens. Strawberries have been ripe here since February 12, and we have since gathered several good dishes of fine and well-coloured fruit, particularly of that grand variety. La Grosse Sucree. Eclipse was ripe at the same time, but the fruit was not so fine as the former ; successions, however, are swelling a heavy crop of fine fruit. .Strawberries are extensively forced here, from 3000 to 4000 annually. This year half of them are Eclipse, a very fine Strawberry, and of good flavour. G. T., Sandheck Park. Garrya Fremonti, &c. — I herewith enclose some flower-spikes of Garrya Fremontiana and G. elliptica for your inspection. The former variety was had from Messrs. Lawson & Sons, Edinburgh, some years ago, and is the first time it has flowered with us. This variety seems quite as hardy here as the old one, both having withstood the severe winter uninjured. The lowest temperature was on the night and morning of December 13 and 14, when the thermometer regis- tered 15', or 17° of frost. J. Wel>ster, Gordon Caslle Gardens, [This variety seems to differ chiefly in the larger leaves, which are flat, not undulated, at the margins. Ens.] Hardiness of Broccoli. — I may mention that out of seven kinds, namely, Adams' Edrly, Snow's, Leamington, Oshorn's, Backhouse's, Cattell's Eclipse, and Dickson's Late May, all have suffered to a very great extent with the exception of the last-named, which I firmly believe to be the hardiest kind, as now the foliage is as green as it was before the severe weather set in. I attribute this to its compact, sturdy h.abit, some of the stems measuring 10 inches in circumference and not more than 15 inches high. As a late kind it cannot be praised too highly. Next in point of hardiness I find Backhouse's, and third Adams' Early, while Cattell's Eclipse is completely cut up, being of rather more straggling habit. Mr. .Sheppard is quite right in saying that all kinds are improved by being pricked out as soon as large enough to handle, as they can be safely removed to their intended quarters without the slightest check. //. 7. Oxford, Rushton Park, Battle. Anemone (Hepatica)angulosa( fig. 49). — Among choice spring flowering plants this is deservedly much Fig. 49. — anemone axculosa. prized, as it has all the beauty of the common little Hepatica, in addition to being fully twice its size. The flowers are nearly i inch in diameter and of a pleasing pale tint. Though it succeeds in a fully exposed border it most delights in a partially shaded position, where it soon forms large compact tufts nearly i foot high. It is a native of Hungary and Transylvania, hence the origin of its synonym — Hepatica transylvanica. G. Peach Tree Dressing and Peach Setting. — Peach tree dressing is a refined term for what was thirty years since more appropriately called smudging — a practice as filthy as it is useless, and one which cannot be too strongly condemned. I have seen trees whose flower-buds have been so severely injured by the application of these nostrums that every one fell off. I do not say that such is neces- sarily the case, but why a risk without gain ? I have seen Peach-houses painted, lime-washed, and every part made spotlessly clean, and the first time these dressed trees were syringed those nauseous particles were splashed in all directions, destroying at once all further appearance of cleanliness. Those who are unfortunate enough to have infested trees undoubtedly would do wr(^ng to give even an hour's leniency more than is necessary, but in my experience there is not usuallymore than one period of the yearwhen a healthy tree is attacked by insects of any kind, from the fruit's first swelling to its near-approaching maturity, during which time, as a dryatmosphereis indispensable to high flavouring, red-spider at this period will take liberties; but the day the last fruit is gathered from the trees, in- stead, as is too often the case, of the trees being left to take care of themselves, if every branch were loosened and smartly syringed with cold water — repeated every evening as long as the leaves remain on — I will venture to say at pruning time no wasting of accu- mulated dirt or dressing to destroy insects will be found necessary. For Peach setting we have many ailvised means to that end, such as the use of the feather, the syringe, the bees — undoubtedly Nature's appointed fertilisers, and now the Pampas-grass plumes; but the most extraordinary of all other agencies is that of the dung-heap, which is as nauseous and useless as the dressing process, and liable to similar pernicious effects. I have seen trees to all appearance well set with fruit, and suddenly nine-tenths of them dropped off from the effects either of the ascending gases or from the rootsbeingunduly stimulated by heat from the dung-heap causing a sudden rush of sap into the trees, which vents itself in the leaf-buds rather than nourish- ing the fruit. My only assistance (if such it be) at the setting period is a daily slight shake or tap of the branches with the hand just sufficient to distribute the pollen, and I have enclosed you specimens as proof of my success. Undoubtedly healthy root-action is the primary object always to be aimed at, and with judicious treatment all will go well, but when the re- verse is the case no dressing nor any of the paraphernalia already referred to can compensate for the absence of health. I have for many years past practised this simple rule of treatment, and my reward has been the enjoyment of having always a clean house, a sweet and wholesome atmosphere, and trees always willing to carry three times more fruit than I allow them to. R. IVestcott, Rahy Castle Gardens, Darlington, March 10. [Two shoots were received, one of the Dr. Hogg Peach, having seventeen fruits in a length of 12 inches ; and the other of Victoria Nectarine with six fruits on the same length of wood. Ens.] Damage Done to Conservatories by Snow. — Perhaps some of your readers may like to hear how such mishaps may be prevented at a very small cost. I have a greenhouse attached to my house, and have not lost a pane of glass during the last ten winters. My plan is this : I have had a galvanised wire netting, 9 inches wide, with an inch mesh, fixed to the eaves of the house above the shute by upright irons attached to the weather-board. The net is scarcely seen, but stops all the snow from slipping oft' the roof upon the greenhouse ; and it gradually melts into the shute. The netting should be fixed close to the edge of the slates, and lean a trifle inwards towards them. The irons should be 3 feet or 4 feet apart ; and if a stout galvanised wire be run thus to the top of the netting and fixed firmly to the upright iron at each end of the netting, its strength would be much increased. Care should be taken to have the iron shute immediately below the net, or icicles may form from the melting snow and fall on the glass. John Bere, Skilgate Rectory, Wiz'eliscombe. In your issue for March I some one wrote about the frozen snow slipping oft" his eaves and break- ing the roof of his conservatory, and blames the builders for the occurrence. Builders have sins enough to answer for, goodness knows ; but this charge recalls that against the Tories in the " Rejected Addresses" — " Who fills the butchers'shops with large blue flies?" Parapet roofs are productive of far worse evils than an avalanche, which occurs perhaps once in five years. In default of any better scheme of precaution against this damage, I suggest inserting in the house wall below the eaves a series of iron staples (in pairs, one above the other), say 3 or 4 feet interval between each pair. Into each pair of staples, at the approach of winter, drop a light rough iron rod or stanchion, crooked just enough to clear the eaves' gutter, and running up, say, 9 or 10 inches higher. Then, when the rows of stanchions are in their places, running as far as the length of the conservatory below requires, slip over them a length of small- meshed narrow wdre netting, such as is used to stop croquet balls at the edge of lawns. It may either be tied to the stanchions, or (more easily and securely) fixed by "darning" it over the points of the rods — slipping the point behind one wire and before the next, like a darning-needle in the threads of a stocking. A very small matter will hold the frozen snow till it has time to melt. Such a protec- tion as this of wire would be very little seen from below. F. S. The Orchids at Arnot Hill, Notts.— Walking lately through the houses at Arnot Hill, Notts, the residence of C. ti. Hill, Esq., I was very much struck with the quantity of Orchids in bloom. In the corridor there are some thirty fine spikes of O. crispum, some of which are branched, while a good many have from eleven to fifteen flowers each ; O. Andersoni is also fine — one plant has two spikes from one growth, with about seventy flowers. O. cirrhosum, O. gloriosum, and O. Pescatorei are well represented with fine branched spikes. These are nicely re- lieved with about a dozen pots of Calanthe Veitchii. In the Indian-house there is a quan- 344 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 15, 1879, tity of Deiidrobium Wardiaiium, D. crassinode, some of the growths on lioth sorts have seventeen and eighteen flowers just opening ; Angro^cum sesquipedalc, with seven buds. In the Mexican- house, O. Karwinski, O. sarcodes, and O. Weltoni had many branched spil;es. The show-house was gay with I), speciosum Hillii, with eight tine spikes ; D. Wardianum, many ; D. crassinode, Cattleya Triann; ; a noble plant of Crelogyne cristata, which Mr. German, the gardener, tells me had seventy-si.\ spikes ; O. serratum, a long rambling spike with fourteen flowers ; a nice mass of O. cheirophorum, C. Sedeni, C. Harrisianum, C. villosum, C. bar- batum, C. Roezlii, O. pulvinatum, and O. Uro. Skinneri, Xc, the whole forming a very excellent display. C. J. Orchids in Flower at Sunbury House, Tunbridge Wells. — In the collection of K. Kinleside Esq., is to be seen one of the grandest displays of Phalcenopsis it has ever been my pleasure to behold. Imagine over a hundred plants in tlower, beautifully arranged, with the foliage a picture of health, line spikes of flowers and superb varieties, many of the grandifloras and amabilis measuring 3I inches across. These are arranged in a small span-roofed house with a stage on each side, and intermixed with Palms and Ferns, Panicum variegatum and smaller Ferns forming the edging. Here and there, peeping amongst the Phala^nopsis, a flower or two of Oncidium Krameri was very attractive. In addition to this grand display the following are in flower : — Calanthe Turneri, very fine. Cattley.i TrianK. Cypripedium Sedeni. Dendrobium Wardianum. ,, liileolum. ,, moniliforme. ,, Findlayanuin. ,, crassinode. Lycaste Skinneri (several). ,, ,, alba. Lailia anceps. Leptotes bicolor, over t foot across, one mass of flowers —a perfect gem. Masdevallia Veitchii. ., several vars. , showing. Odontoglossum RoezUi. ,, ., album. ,, pulchellum majus. ,, cirrosum (several). ,, Pescatorei. ,, Alexandrfe (fine). This collection also contains some extr.aordinary specimens of Odontoglossum vexillarium, which for fine vigorous growth cannot be surpassed. The whole of this collection has very much improved under the charge of Mr. F. Newman, and the condi- tion of the plants stamps him as being a good practical Orchid grower. A. 0. Primulas. — I beg to enclose some Primula flowers (Mr. B. S. Williams' strain), and you will see th.at some of them measure 2 inches across (I have had some 2\). They are taken from plants with eight to eleven spikes of flowers, and measuring 2 feet through. — Reuben Hardisty, gr, to W. II. Rawson, Esq. , Mill House, Halifax. The Comparative Hardiness of Filmy Ferns, &c. — It is probably not generally known, as would appear from Mr. P. Neill Fraser's communication in your issue of the 1st inst., p. 276, that some of the Filmy Ferns which he has enumerated are commonly exposed in their native habitat to even a lower tem- perature than 40°. Having resided many years in Jamaica (in charge of the Government Cinchona plantations), at a height of 5000 feet above the sea- level, I venture to intlicate the average temperature of the Filmy Fern region at a height of from 5000 feet to 6000 feet. These Ferns abound in the dense primeval forest, which at this height presents a pecu- liarly weird aspect. Myriads of fascicles of long moss, dripping with excessive moisture, depend from thecount- less trunks and branches constituting the forest. The temperature never exceeds 70° or 72", and rarely rises above 66°. The average range during the summer may be put down at from 56° to 65'. The winter range is somewhat less equable, averaging about 10° lower than summer, with occasional falls to 38° and 40°, and to 34° on the grass on cleared land adjacent to the forest. On approaching the loftiest peak in the island, namely, the Blue Alountain peak, 7325 feet above the sea. Filmy Ferns become less numerous in consequence of the lower temperature. At this peak in 1S77 I observed the destructive effect of frost on nearly all the herbaceous vegetation on the cleared summit. It will, therefore, be perceived that Filmy Ferns and various other genera, including most of the indigenous Tree Ferns, find their most congenial home in a comparatively cold climate. I may add that the greatest depression of the thermometer is experienced at and immediately preceding daybreak. R. Thonison, Millers lee, lleleusliwgh, N.B. Quickset Hedges. — As the making of good hedges is a matter of some importance will you allow me, in reply to your correspondent "J. S.," whose contributions to your valuable paper I have often read with both pleasure and profit, to say that I also have had some experience of the hedges described by him, and it is just this experience which makes me prefer those I recommended last week, and the planting and getting up of which were then so well and clearly explained by Mr. Thomson, of the Crystal Palace. "J. S." says it stands to reason that a hedge bound together with branches interlaced and running in a horizontal direction must l.)e stronger and safer than one having them vertical ; but as most people know it stands both to reason and experience that a hedge, though planted vertically, if properly trimmed each side, will throw out hori- zontal branches of its own accord that will lace and interlace in a far more efl'ectual manner than can be done artificially. If your correspondent will kindly read my note again he will see that he has strained my meaning in the matter of the poor sparrow, but I forgive him. "J. S." says, " I might as well call in question the system of road- making pursued by our forefathers ; " I should cer- tainly consider it a perfectly legitimate thing to do even that, for while I cherish the most profound respect for those ancients, our forefathers, I venture to hazard the assertion that Macadam, who flourished not so very long ago, introduced a far better system of road-making than anything known to our fore- fathers. It is true that those grand old fellows, the Romans, did some wonderful things in the way of making roads more than 2000 years ago ; but I am afraid that my claims to rank these celebrated paviors amongst my forefathers are very slender. J. Jcffrev. Jfurcigu Cmespiikiite. MEi.r.OURNE ; The Maria Palm. — Mr. John For- rest, the renowned explorer, while recently engaged in triangulations through the country inland of Nichol Bay, secured at my request the seeds of a Palm, which prove to be those of a Livistona and identical with L. Mari;"e of the Macdonnell Ranges in Central Australia. This noble Palm was dedicated to H.R. H. the Duchess of Edinburgh, and we shall soon be able to place it along with L. australe and the Alexandra Palm in European conservatories. It att.ains a height of 63 feet, the leaves being as much as 6 feet long. It is remarkable that no Fan-Palms are known from the north coast of Australia, all being confined to the eastern coast regions of this continent, except the Maria Palm, which seems quite restricted to a solitary locality in Central and in West Australia. The Palm in question is fully described in the last (eighty-ninth) number of my Fraginenta, wherein also Ptychosperma Normanbyana is described, the examination of its flowers showing it to belong to this genus, and not to Areca, as was supposed when th^ fruit only was known. It is the same as the .Saguerus australasicus of Wendland and Drude. F. von Miiellcr. Reports of Societies. Royal Horticultural: Mareh 11. — Lord Alfred S. Churchill in the chair. For the convenience of Fellows attending the spring show, the usual after- noon meeting was held in the large conservatory, the audience sitting, as Colonel Trevor Clarke observed, in the shade of one of the grandest specimens of the Himalayan Rhododendron arboreum to be found in Europe — a noble and well-formed tree, which is flowering, as it has done annually for many years past, with the greatest profusion. The business trans- acted was of the usual routine character, concluding with a few remarks from the Assistant-Secretary and Colonel Trevor Clarke on some of the more notable subjects exhibited. Scientific Co.mmittee. — Sir Joseph Hooker in the chair. .Androgynous Mistleto. — ^Rev. George Plenslow re- ported on a moncecious specimen of .\Iistleto, received from Mr. Corderoy, of Didcot, and bearing long, whip- like branches with female flowers, and other shorter branches with male flowers, thus exactly reversing the condition of things observed in a similar speci- men sent to the committee in 1869, and adverted to in Vegetable Teratology, p. 509. Excrescence from Passifiora. — • The Rev. M. J. Berkeley reported on a curious excrescence on the stem of Passiflora quadrangularis, which was sent to the committee on February 11. It consisted of a very rough tuberculatcd mass, 6 inches in diameter, and about 5 inches long, occupying three-fourths of the stem, evidently bursting through the bark and pushing it on one side. Delicate thread-like rootlets were here and there developed for the tubercles, and two decided roots, one of which was affected exactly in the same way as the stem. Above the mass was an elliptic disc about i^ inch long, swelling out froni the stem, and clearly the origin of a new mass. On an exami- nation, first, of one of the minute tubercles on the above-mentioned root, and afterwards of one of the larger tubercles, they were found to consist of large irregular cells mixed with scattered or fascicled tubes with very thick walls, consisting of concentric l;\)'ers and pierced with narrow passages, the larger cells filled with starch granules, which become very dark in colour when treated with a solution of iodine. On examination of the younger portions of the bark the same structure was observed, and the same abundance of starch granules. A section through the disc showed a similar mass, mixed with deep red spots, in which either the cells themselves or the intercellular passages were gorged with coloured matter, which, however, did not wear exactly the appearance which is so common in diseased tissues when change has been produced by the pre- sence of fungoid threads. The wood itself consists of a m.iss of large tubes with intermediate cellular tissues, but the tubes have not the same structure as the young bark, or it may be the alburnum, so far as can be judged from the specimen before us. It is, however, so continuous with the bark, that it seems rather to belong to it than the wood. Whichever it may belong to, the mass is beyond doubt an over- development or hypertrophy of this part of the stem, and is certainly one of the most curious instances we have met with. It calls to mind the excrescences which are not uncommon at the base of the stem of Pelargoniums ; but we do not mean to assert that their nature is precisely the same. Guiiiiniui^ in Orange Trees. — Dr. M. C. Cooke exhibited twigs of Orange trees from Florida covered with a resinous exudation, which it was supposed might be analogous to the gumming of fruit trees. Vegetable Remains from Ancient River Gravels. — Mr. Worthington G. Smith returned to this subject. He stated that he had obtained results from the valley of the Lark, near Bury St. Edmunds, similar to the remains previously found by him in the gravels of the Lea and Axe ; they consisted of leaf fragments, seeds, rootlets, hairs and fragments of bone. Exactly similar results had followed his minute examination of breccia from the bone-cave near the village of Les Eyzies, in the valley of Vezere, Dordogne. This breccia aftbrded fragments of plant-stems (grasses), minute splinters of wood and bone, and numerous hairs. Mr. Smith exhibited the wood, bone and hairs under the micro- scope ; the cells and vessels were distinct in the wood, and the lacun.ie with their canaliculi in the bone. Some of the hairs belonged to rodents, others were unknown. P'rom the same breccia Mr. .Smith exhibited a broken fossil lateral-incisor human milk- tooth, belonging to a subject of about seven years of age. Excrescence from Root ofTaxodium sempei-uirens. — Dr. Masters showed from Mr. Sim, of Foots' Cray, some huge woody dilatations of the lower part of the stem of This plant. The plants in question had been grown from cuttings made in 1S67. Some further remarks will be made on this subject on another occasion. Fruit of Fisclicria. — Dr. Masters also showed a large four-winged downy follicle containing numerous seeds surmounted by a tuft of silky hairs. The fruit was collected in New Grenada, and was sent to Mr. Alfred Borwick. The fruit w.as evidently that of an Asclepiad allied to Fischerka, but in the absence of further evidence the exact genus could not with certainty be determined. Pods of the Ironwood of Brazil. — The President showed legumes of Ci^salpinia ferre.a, the tree said to produce the Ironwood of Brazil. Plants ^c. Exhibited. — Rev. Plarpur - Crewe showed flowers of Muscari ligulata, Scilla sibirica, Crocus Imperati, corsicus, minimus. Mr. Elwes sent Hyacinthus Elwesii (?), Cialanthus Elwesii, Imperati, plicatus and nivalis. From Mr. Ware came some new forms of Himalayan Primrose allied to denti- culata, in allusion to which the President stated that when in India he had observed that nearly every alpine valley had its own distinct form. A singular Japanese Azalea was shown, remarkable for its calyx "lobes nearly equalling its corolla, and for its white flowers with pink stamens ; Anomatheca cruenta, Sarchochilus, sp. ; Dendrobium, sp., and other plants were shown, and were directed to be forwarded to Kew for identification. Disease in Stem of Robinia. — Mr. Wilson Saunders sent some beautiful drawings and a manuscript description of a peculiar disease in the stem of Robinia pseudacacia, which will be more fully re- ported on .at another occasion. Vanda suavis. — Mr. Jennings called attention to a plant of this species shown in the conservatory, and in which the inflorescence was terminal, instead of axillary, as usu.il. .Action of Frost on Clay. — Mr. Jennings made some remarks on the peculiar cleavage shown by clay when subjected to frost, the clay breaking up into more or less cubical masses, to the great detriment of the roots of the plants growing in it. — The President re- marked that the action of frost on difl'erent soils w,as a complicated matter, and that on it depended to a large extent the amount of injury inflicted on pl.ants by frost. Thus in some parts of the garden at Kew in 1865 the ground at some distance beneath the sur- face continued frozen up to June, so that the plants had their roots in frozen earth whil? their tops were March 15, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 345 burnt with the sim, to the great destruction of the plants. At Sion, where the soil was different, the eflects of the same frost were very different, mainly owing to the different character of the soil. Photographs of Victorian Scenery. — Mr. Jennings exhibited some beautiful photographs representing scenes in the forests of Victoria, and showing the immense size to which not only the Eucalypti grow but also the Tree Ferns. Si'Rtxc Show. — Cyclamens and Orchids shared the honours between them to-day, magnificent groups of both contributing immensely to the brightness of the display, which was again held in the large conser- vatory. The principal contributor of Cyclamens was Mr. II. B. Smith, of Ealing Dean, to whom a large Gold Uanksian Medal was awarded for as grand a lot of plants, both as regards numbers and quality, as has ever been seen at any time or jilace. There were about 300 in all, a third of them consisting of the pure white-dowered variety, which for its neatness of habit and extreme floriferousness, coupled with its remarkably chaste white blossoms, cannot be other- wise regarded than as a gem of the highest order. The remainder of the group consisted of varieties, with white flowers, purple at the base ; purple and rose, rosy purple, and rosy lilac, crimson and pink tinted flowers, some of the ordinary size, others belong- ing to the gigantcum type — all remarkably well- flowered, wonderfully fresh and sparkling, and as may be expected, singularly attractive. Next to Mr. Smith's group was a smaller one from iSIessrs. Edmonds & Gohm, Hayes Nursery, Middlesex, which contained a few plants remarkable for their high cultivation, being little more than I foot across, yet carrying a head of blooms which, if counted, would run easily into three figures ; and other plants again, which, if not so large, added materially to the charm of the collection by reason of the novelty of their colours. One of the varieties of the giganteum type had lovely rose-coloured blossoms, another of the ordinary size had rich purple flowers, margined with silvery grey, very distinct ; whilst a third named Delicata was a pure white, with smooth petals, more than usually round at the apex. Besides these there were a great many other shades of colour noticeable in the smaller plants, but which cannot be more fully alluded to now. The award made to this firm was a Silver-gilt Banksian Medal. Mr. Clarke, of Twickenham, also sent a group of plants hardly showing such good cul- tivation as his Cyclamens usually exhibit, but in- cluding a batch of nicely-flowered examples of a high-coloured rosy purple variety. A Sih-er Bank- sian Medal was awarded. The magnificent group of Orchids previously alluded to was a contribution from Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., Burford Lodge, Dorking, which reflected the highest credit upon their cultivator, Mr. Spyers, every plant being in perfect health, profusely flowered, and without a spot or blemish of any kind. Perhaps the most attractive plants in the group were three or four grandly-flowered specimens of that lovely Den- drobe, D. Wardianum, but to the Orchid connoisseur there were more remarkable objects than these to claim his admiration. The first of these was a remarkably healthyplant of Cymbidium eburneum, with eight of its noble looking, waxy white flowers ; the second being a plant of the handsome and rare Brazilian La:lia harpophylla with five spikes of brilliant orange-scarlet blossoms. The three largest plants of Dendrobium Wardianum bore seven, eight, and eleven spikes respectively, some of them being over 2 feet in length, and splendidly bloomed. D. luteolum, a primrose- yellow flowered species introduced from Moulmein by the Rev. Mr. Parish, some fifteen or sixteen years ago, was represented by a well-flowered plant growing on a Teak block. D. nobile ccerulescens had ten fine spikes of its bluish violet-tinted flowers ; and D. crassinode Barberianum, and D. crassinode grandi- florum were also represented by freely flowered varieties of great excellence. Odontoglossum crispum (Alexandra:) came next under notice in several varieties, one spike bearing fourteen and another thirteen flowers ; and yet another, the variety named roseum, with seven of its lovely rosy lilac flowers. O. nebulosum pardin.um had six flowers on a spike ; and Maxillaria lepidota had five of its spurred-like flowers. Phaltenopsis Schilleriana had a beautiful spike of two dozen flowers ; and Masde- vallia polysticta seven spikes of white crimson-spotted blossoms. Coelogyne conferta, white, with a yellow blotch on the lip, was represented by a small plant ; a fine plant of Cypripedium Boxallii bore eighteen grand blooms ; and C. villosum was equally well shown. The late-flowering variety of Ccelogyne cristata, known as C. Lemoinei, was shown ;n fine form, as also Odontoglossum triumphans, the pretty little O. roseum, with three spikes, one of which had fourteen flowers ; O Cervantesii, the lemon-yellow Spathoglottis Lobbii, and Odontoglos- sum Lindleyanum speciosum, &c. A small Gold Lanksian Medal was awarded. From Mr. H. Ben- ham, gr. to the Earl of Stradbroke, Henham Hall, Wangford, came four exceedingly well-grown and well-flowered specimens of Phalcenopsis Schilleriana. Two of them bore two brancheil spikes, on one of which were over one hundred flowers, not large, but remarkably showy. The leaves of the plants were very fine, and a credit to their late custodian, Mr. Groom. Mr. Bull contributed a handsome group of fine-foliaged plants, principally Palms and Cycads accompanied by a few Orchids, such as Vanda suavis, with a strong spike of fifteen or sixteen flowers springing apparently from the centre of the growing point instead of, as usual, the axils of the leaves ; Ada aurantiaca, Cypripedium Harrisianum, Odontoglossum odoratum, !i^ PhaL-cnopsis, crispum, triumphans, gloriosum, and cirrhosum, the latter with eleven spikes on a plant ; Lj'caste Skinned, Dendrobium Wardianum. D. nobile, D. luteolum, Cattleya Triana?, &c. The award made to this group was a .Silver-gilt Banksian Medal. Mr. B. S. Williams received a Silver Banksian Medal for a fine group of plants which included a good batch each of Primula sinensis alba and P. sinensis rubra ; a dwarf and well berried variety of Aucuba hinialaica named nana ; Jichmea Marine Reginre, in fine form ; a few Orchids, and several very fine Amaryllis, including the named varieties, regium, bicolor, >Iagnificent, Ackermanni inilcherrima, Cruentum, Firefly, and hajmanthus — the latter an immense flower with nine petals, not particularly good in other points, but promising to be of great service as a breeder. Azalea Princess Maude, a variety of the amoena type, with rich rose-coloured flowers ; a nesv Primula from Kashmir ; and P. denticulata were also shown in the same group. Messrs. Osborn & Sons, Fulham, also took a Silver Banksian Medal for a fine group of forced Rhododendrons, Spirceas, and other plants ; and Messrs. William Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, received a Silver Flora Medal for a large collection of cut blooms of Camellias, some six- teen boxes inall ; and includingvarietiesvarying greatly in form and colour. The Messrs. Paul have a large collection ol these charming flowers, which must be well worth a journey to Waltham to see at the present time. Messrs. James Veitch & Sons also contributed a small group consisting of Primulas, white and red, a good strain ; some nice Cyclamens, Aucubas, stan- dards and dwarfs, and well berried ; some fine Amaryllis, including A. purpurea, A. Leopoldii, Dante, and others ; the new x La:lia Veitchii, with one spike of richly coloured flowers ; and Odonto- glossum elegans, an interesting novelty, insomuch as it was imported in a batch of O. cirrosum, and is supposed to be a natural hybrid between that species and O. cristatum. The flowers, which somewhat resemble those of O. cirrosum, are larger, with heavier spots, and borne on a long spike. The same firm also showed a striking new variegated Dracaena, named Princess Margaret. Florat. Committee. — G. F. Wilson, Esq., F.R.S., in the chair. At this meeting, held in the Council-room, First-class Certificates were awarded to Messrs. James Veitch & Sons for Amaryllis Virgil, a magnificently formed flower of the Leopoldii type, measuring 7 inches across, with smooth and well- rounded petals of a creamy white colour, barred and shaded towards the centre with crimson ; and for Davallia Mariesii, an evergreen Fern, which is hardy in a cold frame. To Mr. H. Heims, gr. to F. A. Philbrick, Esq., Q.C., Avenue Road, Regent's Park, for Ipsea speciosa, a terrestrial Orchid intro- duced from Ceylon some forty years ago, with lemon-yellow coloured flowers, borne on an erect scape, about 2 feet high. To Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton, for a new Cymbidium, named Lowianum, with a spike of twelve flowers, and which is described on p. 332 by Prof. Reichenbach. To Mr.^ Auguste Van Geert, of Ghent, for Azalea indica Empress of India, semi-double, white shaded with pink, and crimson blotched. To Mr. H. B. Smith, Ealing Dean, for Cyclamen persicum Crimson King, a dark lustrous crimson flower, which marks an advance on Mr. Little's Ruby ; and for C. persicum picturatum, a large flower of the giganteum type, pink, shaded with rose, a novelty in colour, and a fine one to boot. Votes of thanks were accorded to Mr. Cireen, gr. to Sir George Macleay, for cut flowers of Stifttia chrysantha, an interesting Composite stove shrub, with showy orange-coloured flowers springing from amongst long coloured pappus-hairs, intro- duced from Brazil nearly forty years ago, but little known ; Odontoglossum crispum var. Macleayi, and^ a fine bloom of the singular Vanda Cath- cartii, which had been cut three weeks and pro- mised to keep in good condition for three weeks more. To Mr. Heims for Odontoglossum Ander- sonianum, a well-marked variety with eight flowers on a spike. To' H. J. Buchan, Esq., Wilton House, Southampton, for Bifrenaria Ilarrisonice Buchaniana, a new form, which will shortly be described ; and for cut blooms of Miltonia cuneata, and Odonto- glossum Alexandra:. To Mr. James, Isleworth, for cut blooms of Cinerarias of very fine quality. To Mr. W. Tidy, for a well-grown example of Primula sinensis Mrs. Ilalford, one of the dark coloured fern-leaved reds. To Mr. Cannell for a fine stand of cut blooms of Zonal Pelargoniums, and flower- ing plants of his dwarf Ageratum and Fuchsia cordifolia splendens. Messrs. Hovey cS: Co., Boston, U.S.A., showed some cut blooms of Camellia Mrs. Hovey, a peach-coloured flower of fine substance, and minus the notch in the petal which is so great a blemish in most other varieties. The Messrs. Hovey & Co. also showed a rosy lilac flowered Japanese Azalea named Hoveyi, which owing to its having lost its leaves through frost was not in condition. Mr. William Bull contributed .Echniea Leopoldii, the topmost leaves of which are beautifully coloured ; a well developed plant of the fine Adiantumbellum, figured and described in a recent number ; also a highly coloured form of Cattleya Triance named splendida ; and a free growing and very ornamental Fern, Pteris umbrosa cristata. Fruit Committee. — ^John Lee, Esq., in the chair. The principal contribution brought under the notice of this body was a remarkably well kept collection of Apples, consisting of forty-nine dishes, and two of Pears — Easter Bcurrc and Beurrc Diel. The Apples, fine highly-coloured samples, included all the best known late-keeping sorts, and a number of others only known under local names. X Silver Knightian Medal was deservedly awarded to the exhibitor, Mr. S. Ford, gr., Leonardslee, Horsham. Messrs. Sutton iS: .Sons, Reading, sent examples of a red-fleshed Rhu- barb, named Reading Ruby, which, however, did not possess either the merit of novelty or of superior excellence. From Mr. Lewis A. Killick, Langley, near Maidstone, came a small sample each of some two dozen varieties of Potatos ; and a few good sorts of Apples were shown by Mr. Divers, gr., Wierton Place, Maidstone. Mr. Wallis, gr., Keele Hall, sent a dish of Beurre Diel Pears ; and Mr. Miller, Clumber, some shoots of Peaches and Nectarines set by the aid of the garden engine. Messrs. Kinmont & Kidd showed two seedling Apples, Duchess of Edinburgh and Uncle Tom, the first-named being the best, but neither so good as many existing kinds. An ^Vmeri- can Apple, named Peck's Pleasant, was shown by Messrs. William Paul & Son, but was not favourably regarded. Scottish Horticultural Association : March 4. — The second annual meeting of this Association was held at 5, .St. Andrew Square, Mr. Dunn, President, in the chair. Over a hundred members were present. The Assistant-Secretary (Mr. Alex. Milne) read the annual report, in which the Council congratulated the members on the very large measure of success which had attended it during the past year. The member- ship had increased steadily, 1 1 1 new members having been added to the roll, making a total membership of 352. Council meetings had been held from time to time, and there had also been se\en meetings of the adjudicating committees on new productions. A com- petition for kitchen garden plans brought out five competitors. The report referred in terms of regret to the loss to the Association by the death of Sir William Gibson-Craig, Bart., of Riccarton, Hon. President ; Messrs. Thomas ftlethven, a member of Council ; John Beveridge and George Galloway, members ; and Thomas Lees and James MacNab, members of the adjudicating committees. During the year twenty-four papers on various horticultural subjects had been read, which were followed by interesting and instructive discussions, and notes on the weather and other subjects had also been given on several occasions. At the monthly meetings thirty-one members and others had exhibited flowers, fruits, and vegetables of excellent cul- ture. On the recommendation of the adjudi- cating committees, twelve certificates had been granted by the Royal Caledonian Horticultural .Society for plants, flowers, and vegetables. The Treasurer's statement showed that the income, including £\o bs. id. of a balance from last year, amounted to 2^48 2J-. ; expenditure, ^27 i.r. ; balance carried to next year, ;^2I 7.r. id. The meeting then proceeded to the election of ofiice-bearers. Mr. W. H. Max- well, of Munches, was elected Hon. President in room of the late Sir William Gibson-Craig ; Mr. Dunn, Mr. Eraser, and Mr. Laird were unanimously re- elected President, Vice-Presidentand Treasurer respect- ively ; and Mr. Alex. Milne was appointed Secretary in room of Mr. John Methven, resigned. Fourteen gentlemen were nominated for the vacancies on the Council caused by five retiring in rotation and the death of Mr. Methven, and after a division the follow- ing were elected : — Messrs. A. D. Mackenzie, Alex- ander Mackenzie, Lawrence Dow, Robt. Lindsay, Robert Morrison, and George Simpson. The follow- ing were sent in for exhibition : — Apple Beauty of Moray, from Mr. John Webster, Gordon Castle ; Apple Lady Charlotte, a hybrid between Ribston and King of Pippins, from Sir. George Barry, Sal- toun Hall, which he had raised several years ago and which was referred to the new fruits committee for their opinion ; Leucojum vernum, from Mr. L. Dow, Saughton Hall ; and five hardy spring flowers, viz., Leucojum vernum. Iris reticulata. Primula kash- 346 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [M\RC1I 15, 1879. uieriana, Biilbocodium vernuni, and Saxifraga Bm- seriana, all of great beauty, from Messrs. Dickson & Co. ' CIj^ Mcailjcr. STATE OF TUB WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON, For the Week ending Wednesday, March u, 1879, Hygrome- trical De- ductions from Wind. Glaisher's Tables 6th Edition. n^S 1 ^1» 30-37 30-55 30.27 30- 17 30.16 39.88 35.819.844.2 31.9 16.639.8 +041, 57. 728 .0,29 741.3 + 0.33 *> S + 0.2553-8 -1-0.2450.4 —0.0354 2 36.024.547.8 35. 1 18.742.8 40.2 10.2 43.9 35.8 18.4 44.71 + 3-7 35-3 — 0737-0 •r 0-836.8 + 7-339.0 + 2 2 39-3 ■V 3.2:37.6 + 3.939-9 WSW W. V>\\ WSW „ ( E.S.E, "S| S.S.E, "■I w. S.W. : S.S.W. NNW: N.N.E. WSW WNW In. 0.04 0.00 ,0.00 0.00 I 0.00 o.io 0.00 „ sum Mean 30.18 +0.2654.434.7,19.743 sj+>9|37.8j 8l jvoriablc^,^ March 6.— A very fine clear day. Mild. Little rain fell in early morning. _ 7. —Fine, but, gloomy, and cloudy till evening, then cloudless. Hoar-frost in morning. Cool. — 8.— A fii e bright clear day. Fog and hoar-frost in morning. Cool. , . , , g, — A very fine warm day. Cloudless. Little fog in morning. , . , 10. — Overcast till noon. Fine and bright tiUsr.M., overcast after. Fog in morning. 11,— A fine day, generally cloudy. Cool breeze. Rain fell in early morning. j2. — A fine day, but very cloudy. Strong wind. Over- cast at night. London : Barometer.— T>\\x\Ti^ the week ending Saturday, March S, in the vicinity of London the readings of the barometer at the level of the sea in- creased from 30. iS inches at the beginning of the week to 30.20 inches by the morning of the 2d, decreased to 29.92 inches by noon on the 3d, increased to 30. 1 1 inches by the morning of the 4th, decreased to 29.98 inches by the evening of the 5th, increased to 30.61 inches by the morning of the 8th, and de- creased to 30.50 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading for the week at sea level was 30.23 inches, being 0.34 inch above that of the preceding week, and o.\i, inch above the average. Temperature. — The liighest temiicratures of the air observed by day varied from 57-S" on the Sth, 554° on the 6th, and 53!° on the 5th, to 46,1'' on the 3d ; the mean value for the week was 51?.°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night varied from 28° on the Sth and 30' on the 4th to 42^°^ on the 5th ; the mean value for the week was 32!°. The mean daily range of temperature in the week was i8f , the greatest range in the day being 29f°, on the 8th, and the least, 1 1 X', on the 5th. The mean daily temperatures of the air and the departures from their respective aver.ages were as follows -.—March 2, 39°.2, — 1°.2; 3d, 3S'.6, — l°.9 ; 4th, 39°.4, — i°.i; 5th, 47°, + 6°.s ; 6th, 44°. 2, -V 3°. 7 ; 7th, 39°.8, — o°.7 ; Sth, 41 .3, + o .8. The mean temperature of the air for the week was 41 i°, being 0°.9 above the average of si.xty years' observations. The highest readings of a thermometer with black- ened bulb in vacuo, placed in sun's rays, were 128.^° on the Sth, nsf on the 6th, and 1055° on the 3d ; on the 7th the reading did not rise above 78°. The lowest readings of a thermometer on grass, with its bulb exposed to the sky, were 26|° on the Sth, 26.^° on the 2d, and 29° on the 4th ; the mean of the seven lowest readings was 30^". Wind.— Tan direction of the wind was .S.W., and its strength moderate. The weather during the week was generally fine and dry, and the mornings were cold and frosty. Fog prevailed on the Sth, and a lunar halo was seen on the 4th. Raiit.—K little rain fell on tlie 3d and 6th ; the amount measured was 0.09 inch. England: Tiw/waCJ^v.— During the week ending Saturday, March 8, the highest temperatures of the air observed by day were 60° at .Sunderland, 575° at lllackheath and Cambridge, 574° at Leicester, and 57° at Bristol ; the highest temperature of the air at Brighton was'5o|°, and at Bradford was 52i' ; the mean value for the week from all stations was 55^'. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night were 25° at Truro, 25]° at Wolverhampton, 26" at Bristol and Nottingham, if I'' at Leicester, and 28° at both Blackhcath and Cambridge ; the lowest tem- perature of the air at Sunderland was 36° ; the mean from all places was 29',°. The range of tem- perature in the week was the greatest at Bristol, 31", and the least at Brighton, i8:l' ; the mean range from all stations was 26' The mean of the seven high day temperatures was the highest at Sunderland, 54.^°, Cambridge 53,^°, and Truro 52-;i°, and the lowest at Brighton, 464°, and Bradford 48.^° ; the mean from all places was 50^°. The mean of the seven low night temperatures was the lowest at Truro and Wolverhampton, both 31°, Bristol 32°, Nottingham and Plymouth 32J', and Blackheath 32J" ; and the highest at Sunderland, 39°, and Liverpool 38]° ; the general mean from all stations was 34^°. The mean daily range of tempera- ture in the week was the least at Leeds, 11", and the greatest at Truro, i\\° \ the mean daily range from all places was 16°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all stations was 414°, being 4j° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 1S78. The mean temperature was the highest at Sunderland, 46', and Liverpool, 43 ,V' ; and the lowest at Wolverhampton, 39°, and Brighton, 39.1°. Rain. — Very little rain fell during the week ; the largest amounts were 0.16 inch at Truro, and 0.15 inch at Sheffield, whilst at Norwich 0.02 inch only was measured. .'Vt Sunderland no rain fell ; the average fall over the country was o.oS inch. The weather during the week was fine and dry ; the mornings were generally frosty, and the ranges of temperature were large. Lunar halos were seen on March 3 at Cambridge, and on the 4th at Blackheath. Scotland : Temperature. — During the week ending Saturday, March S, the highest temperatures of the air varied from 56° at Paisley to 5oJ° at Greenock ; the mean value from all places was 52j°. The lowest temperatures of the air varied from 32° at Paisley, and if at Perth, to 361,° at Glasgow ; the mean value from all places was 34°. The mean range of temperature in the weekfrom all places was i8|°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all stations was 43°, being i.i° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 1878. The highest were 444° at Leith, and 43 -i" tit Glasgow, and the lowest were 41 1° at Aberdeen, and 42.V at Perth. Rain. — The falls of rain varied from 3.27 inches at Greenock, 2.02 inches at Paisley, and 1.31 inch at Glasgow, to 0.99 at Aberdeen. The average fall over the country was 1.17 inch. Dublin. — The highest temperature was 59^,°, the lowest, 2SJ°, the range 3iJ°, the mean 454°, and the fall of rain 0.17 inch. yAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. He that queslioneth much shall learn w(ik/i.— Bacon. Insects in Seville Longpod Beans. — Can any of your readers inform me why the insect, Bruchus granarius, is more plentiful in this variety than in others.? I rarely see a single Bean of this kind that has not been attacked by the insect. .S. Answers to Correspondents. Banana : T. P. G. Not being either a Palm or a Cycad, the Banana is not eligible for showing in classes devoted to those subjects. Books : It'. C/ioicc Stm'c and Grccniioiise Plants, 2 vols., published by Mr. B. S. Williams. C.\MELi.i.\ : Old Subscriber. It is difficult, without knowing the treatment, to say why the buds drop from vour plants. Possibly they are too numerous, and this is only Nature's thinning process. Perhaps they have been too dry at the root — this is a frequent cause of failure ; or possibly the roots ma\- be un- healthy from excess of moisture in the soil. Guano requires to be very cautiously administered, and you may have given them too strong a dose. CiNER.\Hi.\ : y. H. A very good decorative variety, but hardly full enough to pass muster as a first-class florists' flower. Cyclamens : J. J. Cyclamens should never be "dried off." Purchase young plants and keep them growing on, with moderate rest after the flowering season. Seeds sown as soon as ripe should yield flowering plants in little over twelve months if pushed on freelv. — J. H. \ semi-double variety, worth pre- serving and seeding from with a view to getting a furdier improvement. Flok.vl Decorations : T. Deity. Miss Hassard's Floral Dceorations for the Houseliold, published by Macmillan & Co. Hakd-wooded Pl.xnts : Subscriber. Standen's Ma- nure, applied in small quantities, would be much the safest for you to use. Kilmarnock Willow : J. T. S. To increase this it should bo grafted on some free-growing erect Willow as a stock. The Poplar is usually increased by suckers, or should be layered in autumn. Layers make the best plants. Lawn Tennis Ground: /.. -V. If the relaying is done at once, and some nice showery weather set in, the grass should be fit to play on in J uly. Such work is, however, always best done in the autumn. A dressing of nitrate of soda, at about the rate of 275 lb, to the acre, will improve the grass very much. Lii.iLMS : W.B.S. Lilium auratum and L. speciosum might be shown in a class for greenhouse plants, since they are often so treated. Monsti-;ra : J. J. The fruit ofMonstera takes about twelve months to swell and ripen. It will not change colour very much, but as it ripens the thick green scales will become detached from the inner succulent portion, which latter only should be eaten. It should be thoroughly ripened, or the little pointed crystals or raijhides produce an unpleasant tickling in the throat. Name op Apple : E. H. Bedfordshire Foundling, \ery probably; but it is very difficult to determir "' they are so much bruised. N.\Mr,s OK Plants : T. P. G. We think it is a varii of Cyrtochiluni raaculatum. Materials not enough to identify it exactly. — C. R. Dendrobium aggregatum. We should be glad if you would send us a speci- men for the" herbarium. — .\.G. The thin flowers all bi.-long to Odontoglossum Ruckerianum. H. G. Rchb. fit. — 6'. C. C. Apparently Opuntia Rafinesquiana. — Mcntone. Acacia pubescens, and Anemone pavonina. — J. D. The Partridge-breast Aloe, .\. variegata. — E. F. Lachenalia luteola. — J. Wood. Atriplex Ha- limus. — .-i Subscriber. We are sorry we cannot oblige you with the names of the Camellias, as it is against our nile to attempt to identify florists' flowers. Rolled Gl-'\.ss : Subscriber. Of course Grapes \viU grow under rolled glass, but better under that in ordinary use. We would not recommend you to use the former. Salt and Rape Dust : H. M. Vou should have no trouble in getting either of these articles in your nearest market town. Scientific Co.mmittel : W.C. Leach. You should be at South Kensington not later than 11 A.M., and we should think you could remove your plant towards 5 P.M. -\pply to the .-Assistant-Secretary for a schedule, which will give you all particulars. The Tuberose ; P. B. This is probably of -American origin. .\ wild specimen exists in the Kew herbarium from the Andes of Bolivi.?.. Elsewhere the plant is only known in a cultivated state. Tiiek.mo.metek St.-\nd : J. M. Mr. E. J. Lowe recom- mends a stand about 6 feet high, of which the lower 2 feet 9 indies consists of the supports, and the other 3 feet 6 inches of the board on which the thermometers are placed. The thermometers should be slightly inclined — with the bulb end lowest if a minimuTn, and the bulb end highest if a maximum. They should face the north, and the stand should be perfectly firm, and as far as possible from any reflecting surfaces. TuRF-i'R.\MES : H. M. Make them at any time when- ever vou want them. ng, PI Cat.vlogues Received : — William Potter (Sissing- hurst, Staplehurst, Kent), Select List of Pelargoniums and other Bedding Plants. — Samuel Yates (16 and 18, Old Millgate, Manchester), Descriptive Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds ; and List of Gladioli, Liliums, &c. — Messrs. lames Dickson & Sons (108, Eastgate Street, Chester), Catalogue of Farm Seeds. — Messrs. Thib.aiU & Keteleer (Rue Houdan, 87, a Sceaux, Seine, France), General Plant Catalogue. — Messrs. Boulton & Paul (Rose Lane Works, Norwich), List of Poultry Houses, and Wirework Generally. — Messrs. Webb & .Sons (W'ordsley, Stourbridge), .•\nnual Illustrated Descriptive List of Farm .Seeds. Communications Received: — T. S. P. (the small objects found in the modelling clay appear to be seeds ; but we will examine them carefully and report later on). — Haage & Schmidt.— W. B. — I. D.— J. R. J.— M. D. (m.any thanks).— A. D.— T. L. -p. G. CO VENT GAP DEN, March 13. Good samples of late Grapes are now in demand, new ones selling badly, and at low figures. The only feature of the week has been the fall in Cucumbers, supplies being heavy, faynes Webber^ Whoksalt Apple Market* Vegetables. . d. s. d. 20-40 60-.. Horse Radish, p.bua. 40-.. Lettuces, Cabbage, per doz. Mint, green, bunch.. Onions, per bushel. , — young, per bun, Parsley, per lb. Peas, per quart I 6- .. 1 6- .. 4 o-.. 04-00 20-30 120-.. Artichokes, English Globe, doz, — Jerusalem, bush, Asparagus, Fr. .sprue per bundle ..16-.. — Eng., per ico ..10 0-15 o — Fr. giant, p. bun. 30 o- . . Beans, French, p. 100 30-40 Beet, per doz. ., 10-20 Brus. sprouts, bush.io o- .. Cabbages, [ler doz. .. 10-20 Carrot.s, per bunch . . 04-06 Cauhflowcrs, per doz. 20-50 Lelery, per bundle .. 16-20 Chilis, per 100 .. 20- .. Cucumbers, each ..09-16 Endive, Batav. dozen 16-.. Garhc, per lb. .. 06- .. Herbs, per bunch . . 02-04 Potatos ; — Regents, loo.?. to 1301. ; Champions, %os. to 90J. ; Rocks, 70i. to 75^. : Flukes, \ios. to 140J. per ton. Large supplies, and trade heavy. Potatos, new, basket 10-.. Radishes, Fr., bunch 06-.. — New Jersey, doz. 20-.. Rhubarb, doz. .. 60-80 Shallots, per lb. .. 06- .. Seakale, per pvmiiet 26-.. Spinach, per bushel 5 o-io o Sweet Potatos, per lb. 06-.. Tomatos, per dozen 26-30 Turnips, p. 12 bunch. 30-60 March 15, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 347 Apples, M-b3sket . . Cobs and Filberts, lb. Grapes, per lb. Lemons, per loo Fruit. J. d. s. d. 16-50 o g- I o 3 0-12 o 3 o-io o Oranges, per loo .. 4 Pears, per doz. . . 4 Pine-apples, pei lb. i Strawberries, per oz. i Plants s. d. s. d. Arum Lily, or Rich- ardia aethiop.,doz. 9 o-iS o Azaleas, per dozen.. 18 0-60 o Begonias, per doz. . . 6 0-12 o Bouvardias, per doz. 18 0-24 o Camellias, per dozeniS 0-60 o Cinerarias, per doz. 9 0-18 o Cyclamens, per doz. 9 0-30 o Cyperus, per dozen 6 0-12 o Dielytra, per dozen g o-iS o Dracaena terminalis 30 0-60 o — viridis, perdoz, .. 18 0-24 o Erica hyemalis, doz. 9 0-30 o Euonymus, var., doz. 6 0-18 o Ferns, in var., p. doz. 4 0-18 o Ficus elastica, each 2 6-1 s o IN Pots. s. Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each . . . . 2 Fuchsias, per dozen 9 Genista, per dozen . . 9 Hyacinths, per doz. 6 Mignonette, per doz. 6 Myrtles, per doz. . . 6 Palms in variety, each . . . . 2 Pelargoniums, scar- lets, zonal, doz .. 6 Primulas, per dozen 4 Solanums, per doz. 6 Spirasa, per dozen ..12 Tulips, per dozen . . 8 d. r. rf o- S o o- S o 0-26 o- I 6 o-io 6 o-iS o 0-24 o 0-21 o 0-12 o 0-12 o 0-12 o 0-30 o 0-12 o Cut Flowers. Abutilon, iz blooms o Arum Lilies, 12 blms. 4 Azaleas, 12 sprays .. o Bouvardias, per bun. i Camellias, per dozen i Carnations, per dozen i Cineraria, i2bunches g Cyclamen, 12 blooms o Deutzia, 12 bunches 6 Epiphyllum, 12 blms. i Eucharis, per doz. . . 4 Euphorbia, 12 sprays 3 Gardenias, 12 blms. 9 Heliotropes, 12 sp. .. o Hyacinths, 12 spks. 4 — Roman, 12 spks. o d. s. d. 1 6- I 0 0-12 0 6- I 6 0- 4 0 0- 6 0 6- 4 0 0-18 0 3- 1 0 C-12 0 0- .3 0 0-12 0 0- 6 0 0-Z4 0 6- I 0 0-I2 0 6- 2 0 Lilyof Val.,i2sprays i Mignonette, 12 bun. 6 Narcissus, paper- white, r2 sprays . . i Pelargoniums, 12 spr. i — zona!, 12 sprays i Primula, double, per bunch .. .. o — single, 12 bunch. 6 Roses (indoor), doz. 3 Snowdrops, 12 bun. i Tropeeolum, 12 bun. 2 Tuberoses, per dozen 3 Tulips, 12 blooms .. 1 Violets, 12 bunches i s. d. s. d 0-20 a- 2 o 0-20 9-16 0-12 o 0-12 o 0-60 0-60 c- 6 o o- 3 o 0-30 SEEDS. London : March 12. — Owing to the faxourablo weather, extreme activity is now shown both on the part of agriculturists and also of seed merchants. Con- siderable progress lias lately been made with field work, and thanks to the influence of sun and wind the ground is [rapidly losing the excess of moisture from whicli it suffered. Farmers, being busy in the work of ploughing and sowing, find no time for threshing ; consequentlv the supply of home-grown Clover, &c. , has fallen off to a surprising extent ; the effect of tliis, and of the largely increased demand, has been to strengtlien values all round. The advance established per cwt. during the past fortnight on the leading varieties is about as follows : — On fine red Clover and Cowgrass is. to is., white Clover 3x. to 4.r. , Alsike 2j. to 3^. , Trefoil is. to is. 61!. Of Ameri- can seed there is scarcely any in London. Grass seeds have this 'week been in improved request ; and the tendency of rates has continued adverse to the buyer. For spring Tares there is a brisk inquiry ; the available supply being almost exhausted, quotations show a further rise. Rape seed is also dearer. Of English Sainfoin, the crop appears to be large. Canary seed is noted higher in Holland, but here tile consumption keeps small, and the inquiry dull : the same can be said of Hemp seed. Blue f'eas and Haricot Beans move off on former terms ; Lentils are cheaper. — John Shaw 6= Sons, Seed Mer- chants, 37, Mark Lane, London, E.C. CORN. Trade was quiet at Afark I^ane on Monday. Good dry Wheat was well held, but there was no pretension to higher rates. Fine malting Barley was in moderate request, other qualities dull. Grinding Barley was rather flat. Malt was steady, on former terms. Oats were slow of sale, and quotations were a trifle lower on the week. Maize did not fully support the rates of last week. Beans and Peas were taken off quietly at about previous quota- tions. Flour was quiet, but firm. — A lamentable want of life was apparent on Wednesday, and prices were not very well supported. Fine dry \Vlieat was taken off to a moderate extent, but there was a dull sale for in- ferior produce, and oft'ers of less money were not alto- gether rejected. Good malting Barley remained firm ; grinding qualities were if anything cheaper. Malt was without change. Oats and ^Laize moved off somewhat heavily, while there was very little trade for Beans, Peas, and flour. — Average prices of corn for the week ending March 8 : — Wheat, 39J. irf. ; Barley, 34J. .\il. ; Oats, 20s. 5./. For the corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 505. 211'. ; Barley, 43J. id. ; Oats, 2+j. id. POTATOS. Tlic Borough and .Spitalfields markets reports state that good Potatos move off steadily at pretty full prices, but the markets are dull for inferior kinds. Regents, 95.r. to \20s. ; rocks, 65.1. to 75.;. ; Champions, 701. to 95J. ; Victorias and flukes, iios. to 135J. per ton. — The imports into London last week comprised 16,055 bags from Hamburg, 1160 Ghent, 919 Boulogne, 862 Paris, 113 sacks 40 casks Malta, 602 bags Harlingen, 138 tons 621 sacks Rouen, 230 bags Dunkirk, 116 Rotterdam, 100 Antwerp, and 84 tons L'Orient. COALS. The demand at market on Monday for house coal was dull, and prices receded 6d. per ton. Wednesday's quota- tions were as follows;— Walls End— Hetton, ijs. 6d. ; Het- ton Lyons, i+s. 31/. ; Hawthorns, 14.1. 3,/.; L.ambton, 17.1.; Original Hartlepool, 17^. 6J. ■ Tunstall, i+i. 3r, 60s. per 1000: 6 lo 9 inches, 9s. per 100, 8;s. per 10-0; 910 II inches, i s. 6a' per i?0. Also 2-yr., 3-yr , and 4-yr. se«d- lirgs, very f^ne, 4s. to 7s. td. per 1000. The Trade supplied. Highfield Nurseries, Matlock, Derbyshire. ..I '11 '1 Hi IIF ill lllli MARBLEHEAD MAMMOTH CABBAGE. This is undoubtedly tlie largest Cabbage in the world, single specimens having been raised weighing SIXTY POUNDS. Having been the original introducer of this variety to my own countrymen, I offer the seed to the Farmers and Gardeners of Great Britain. My seed is all of my own growing, from Cabbages weighing 30 lb. and more each, AU Raised from the Centre Shoot of each Plant. Under good cultivation about every Plant on an .lore will make a head. Here is what F.armers say who have tried them : " Green Bay, Iowa. " I had heads weighing 48 lb. each ; they were very tender and sweet. •• j. d. WALDEN." " Bowmansville, Ontario, Canada. " Last season I raised Mammoth Cabbages from your seed weighing 45 lb. .. pHOMAS F. COLEMAN." " Clintonville, N.V. *' I raised from your Marblehead Mammoth Cabbage Seed, Cabbages that weighed 50 lb. ,( pj_ j^ MACE. Package of the most choice strain of seed seat post-paid to any address in Great Britain on receipt 0/ is. ; 'X *. 6s. ; i ///. ii. The seed will lie tent by next steamer after receipt of order. Reference ; Hon. Gf.ohge E. Loring, House of Represen- tatives, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. JAMES J. H. GREGORY, MARBLEHEAD, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A. Special Offer. GEORGE FARNSWORTH has to offer large quantities of the following, which are good and well rooted ; — ALDER, 2 to 4 feet, 2JS. bd. per 1000. ARBOR-VIT/E, American, 2-yr, seedling. los. per 1000. ASH, Mountain, i-yr. seedling, 3s. per iodo; 3 to 5 feet, 25s. per 1000. , Common, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per l-)00. BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, 2.yr. seedling.s, 5s. per i-ro; i-yr seedling and i-yr. bedded, los. per loco ; 15 inches to 2 feet, bushy. 4-s. per loor. COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA. i-yr. cuttings, 2os. per 1000. WHIN or GORSE, Double, i-yr. cuttings, 6.s. per icod ; I-yr. and i-yr. transplanted, 17s. per 10-. HOLLY. Common, 9 to 15 inches. loos. per i 00 ; 12 to 18 inches, 130s. per 1000 : i^ to 2 feet, 240s. per 10:0. ivy, Irish, I-yr. cuttings, 30s. per icco. LAUREL, Common, fine, i-yr. cuttings, los. per 1000: 15 inches to 2 feet, 70s. per 1000. ,, Portugal, 3 to 4 feet, very bushy, qs. per dozen. LIMES, ;-yr. layers, i-yr. transplanted, ^M to 5 feet. 80s. per 1000 ; 4 to 6 feet, 12s. per 100 ; 6 to 8 feet, 20S. per 100. POPLAR, Balsam, ■>% to 5 feet, 30s. per iood. „ Black Italian, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per loco. PRIVET, oval-leaved, twice transplanted, iVz to 2 feet, 50J. per 1000. RHODODENDRONS, 3-yr. seedling, 5s. per loco : 3yr. and 2yr. bedded, 20S. per 1000 ; 6 to lo inches, extra trans- planted, 70S. per 1000 ; \x.o \% foot, 130s. per 1000. ,, ferrugineum. bushy, 15s. per 100. ,. hirsutum, bushy, 15s. per 100. SPRUCE FIR. i!< to 2 feet. 2ss. per 1000. . Also other NURSERY STOCK as per LIST. Samples on application at The Nurseries, Matlock. BEDDING GERANIUMS, LOBELIAS, PANSIES, and VIOLAS. GERANIUM Wonderful, los. per 100, 2s. 6V. per dozen; Leamington Lassie, 5s. per dozen— both autumn-strtick. A few stock plants of Wonderful, with cuttings on, 2j. id per dozen, 15s. per 100. LOBELIAS, from cuttings —Brighton, 5s. per 100; St. Martin's Blue. 7s. fid. per 100 ; Pumila grandirtora alba, 2j. per dozen, los. per 100. , -., , PANSIES, Cliveden Blue, Cliveden Purp'e, and Deans White Bedder, 2s. per dozen, 6s. per 50, 10s. td. perioo; Viola Bluebell same price. Also extra choice Bedding Violas. 2s. 6(t. to 4c. per dozen. I. J. MARRIOTT. Highfield Nur!^eries, Matlock. Cheap Plants hy 100 or 1000. WILLIAM BADMAN offers the following Plants at very low prices for cash. The present is a good time to repair any losses sustained during the winter. VERBENAS, purple, white, scarlet rose and crimson, fts. per 100, 50s. per 1000, or from single pots. 12s. per 100, is. td. per dozen. Twelve choice show sorts, 8s. per 100. LOBELIA Emperor William and Blue Stone, two of the very best, 2S. f-d per 100, 20s. per loco. CALCEOLARIA Golden Gem. best yellow, 5s. per 100, sos. per 1000 ; Kayii, yellow, 4s per loo. PELARGONIUMS. Vesuvius and 'ean Sisley. best scarlets, 7s per 10?, 60s per 1000 ; Madame Vaucher and Virgo Marie, fine white, los. per 100 : Master Christine, best bedding pink, los. per 100; Striped Vesuvius (New Life), 6s. per dozen, 4'^s. per 100 ; White Vesuvius. 6s. per dozen, 451. per 100 ; Dr. Denny, nearest to blue, the best Zonal of 1878, qs. per dozen. Silver variegated. May Queen and Flower of Spnng, " 10s. per 100 ; Prince Silverings and Waltham Bride, 15s per 100. „ Gold-leaf. Crystal Palace Gem, los. per 103; Happy Thought. 15s per 100. Tricolor, Mrs. Pollock, 15s. per 100; other good sorts, as Sir R. Napier, iSs. per too. Double, Smith's Wonderful, good plantj, 15s. per 100, or from stores, izs. per ico ; Madame Thibaut, finest double pink, 12s. per 100. AGERATUM Imperial Dwarf. 5s. per loa. COLEUS and IRESINE LINDENI, crimson, 6s. per ico, 5&S. per icoo. HELIOTROPIUM, light and dark, is. per 100, s:s. per 1000. DAHLIAS, all the best sorts. 15s. per 100. CENTAUREA CANDIDISSIMA. i8s. per joo. Note ; 25 of any sort can be had at 100 rate. Packing included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nur.-ey, Gravesend. B. S. ^VILLIAMS Respectfully invites the Nobility and Gentiy about to Furnish their Conservatories, Greenhouses, Stoves, Orchid-houses, &c., to an inspection of his stock of MAGNIFICENT SPECIMENS, unequalled in Europe, consisting of the choicest and rarest Exotics, ORCHIDS, TREE FERNS, DRAC/ENAS, PALMS, CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, CYCADS, BEAUCARNEAS, ARALIAS, AMARYLLIS, CYCLAMEN, and all kinds of FLOWERING and FOLIAGE STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. The Camellia Houses are now very interesting, the large specimens being in full flower, and arc likely to continue in good condition for some time to come. VICTORIA AND PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. H. LANE & SON HAVE TO OFFER A SPLENDID LOT OF NAMED RHODODENDRONS WELL SET WITH FLOWER BUDS At very Moderate Prices. Also the following, wonder/Tilly cheap, quite safe for transplanting :— ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA. 12 feet to 17 feet. THUJA LODBII, 3 feet to 18 feet. „ GIGANTEA, 3 feet to 10 feet. THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, 8 feet to 15 feet. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 4 feet to 18 feel. „ „ ERECTA VIRIDIS. 2 feet to6feet. CEDRUS DEODARA, 3 fiet to 8 feet. CRYPTOMERIA ELEGANS, 2 feet to 6 feet. YEWS, Irish, 6 feet to 8 feet. WELLINGTONI A GIGANTEA, 2 feet to 10 feet. PICEA NOBILIS, 2 feet to g feet. „ NORDMANNIANA, 3feet to lafeet. „ PINSAPO, 3 feet to 6 feet. HOLLIES, Variegated, in variety, 2 feet to 7feet. LAURELS, Common and Caucasicum, 2 feet to 4 feet. „ Standard Portugal, 4 feet to 6 feet stems. HAWTHORNS, Standard. LIMES, Standard, &c. Also a fine lot of well-grown Standard, Pyramidal, and Trained FRUIT TREES, in great variety, ROSES, &c. CATALOGUE FREE ON APPLICATION. THE NURSERIES, ^RKHAMPSTEAD, HERTS. March 15, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 349 "ARCHIMEDEAN" AMERICAN LAWN MOWERS, Will Cut Long and Wet Grass (as well as Dry and Short) without Clogging. They are especially adapted for Cutting Slopes, Steep Embankments, under Shrubs, and close up to Trees, c&c. ; and are also extremely light in draught, simple in construction, well made, and not likely to get out of order. AWARDED, Highest Prize— Paris, 1878, Grand Diploma of Honoiurable Mention, Vienna, 1873. SUver Medal, Vienna, 1870. Silver Medal, Hamburgh, 1869. PATRONIZED BY Her Gracious Majesty the Queen, H.R.H. THE Prince of Wales, H.I.M. THE Empress of Germany, H.I.M. THE Emperor of Austria, The late Emperor of the French, The Viceroy of Egypt. And many of the Nobility and Gentry of Great Britain. '^fzZ,^W%^J^^ Floral World. OPINIONS of tie PRESS. " Far superior to any of ours."— Fw' Half-standard, from 50 to 100 varieties, £2 los. per 100. T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.G., CONSERVATORY AND GREENHOUSE BUILDERS. AND HOT-WATEB ENGINEERS. Now Ready, a thoroughly Revised Edition of the COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post Free 3^d. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 350 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 15, 1879, SEED FOR SOWERS. (From the Christian Union.) "l\/rR. CAN NELL'S 'HOME FOR -LVJL FLOWERS ' at Swanley, Kent, is known to all florists for its varied excellences, but it is well that it should be known to multitudes who may not be professional florists, but who have a really good and natural liking for a pretty flower or plant in their private gardens, verandahs, or window-sills. Everything in the enjoyment to be obtained from this period onward through the season depends on the stock from which the seeds or plants are derived. Mr. Cannell's establishment at Swanley is devoted exclusively to florists' flowers, and is probably the only one in the kingdom of which this can be said ; and as Mr. Cannell himself is a Fellow of the Royal Horti- cul:ural Society, every one may judge what results ensue from a highly specialised direction of this kind under the most ample science and experience. In looking over the Descriptive Cata- logue of Seeds one perceives the immense variety of genera and species therein embraced ; but the testimonials appended are still more convincing, and carry a more palpable weight of evidence to the general mind. The testimonials come not only from every quarter of the United Kingdom, but from India, Australia, and other parts of the world to which English culture in other forms has so widely and permanently spread. His Seeds are of the highest excellence. // is one of the greatest 0/ ail the wonders in tJie Jloral culture of this coiaitry." OSBORN & SONS TTAVK now for Sale, in excellent condition for transplanting, a fine collection of HOLLIES, Common green, i to 10 feet ; green and variegated varieties, 2 to 6 feet, at exceptionally low prices, as the ground must be cleared at once for other purposes. THE FULHAM NURSERIES, LONDON, S.W. W E E T VIOLETS. BLANDYANUM. Double. BELLE DE CHATENAY, new. KING OF VIOLETS, Double. MARIE LOUISE, best Double. NEAPOLITAN. Double. REINE DES VIOLETS, Double. NEAPOLITAN, Single. WHITE CZAR. VIOLET CZAR. VICTORIA REGINA, best Single. The above are large clumps, suitable for potting, forcing, or forming beds and clumps in flower gardens ; ts. per dozen, 40J. per 100. PRINCESS MARIE DE SAVOY, new, y. 6,i. eacb. PATRIE, IS. each. One plant each 12 vars. free by post, js. 6ii. Trade LIST on application. P. O. O. payable to FREDERICK PERKINS, Regent Street, Leamington. DANIELS' NORFOLK GIANT BROCCOLI. For use In March, April and May. The largest, hardiest, whitest and best Broccoli in the world. Has been grov\'n during the past season to the enormous weight of 28 lb. each. A grand variety, of compact habit, stem rjbnst and short ; flower-heads exceedingly large and beauti- fully white, being well protected with luxuriant overlapping foliage. A most valuable market variety : sells readily at Covent Garden and Provincial Markets at a high figure. NORFOLK GIANT BROCCOLI Can be obtained only direct from us in our own Sealed Packets. Is. 6cl. per Packet. DANIELS BROS., ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT. NORWICH. ONE GUINEA COLLECTION of VEGETABLE SEEDS, containing 6 quarts of excellent Peas for succession, and 50 packets of other leading sorts of SEED.S. .tII of best quality. Carriage Free to any Railway Station in Kiml.ind. •R I C H AR D S M I T H 8. CI- @i5 WO R C E S T E R - # >RIMROSES and POLYANTHUS are Real Gems of Spring. SINGLE PRIMROSES. Auriculaefiora. is. each, gs. doz. Lavender, 4.^. per dozen. Mauve Queen, is, each. Magenta Queen, 45. per dozen. Purity, white, 3J. do?., 20s. 100. Vellow, 4.1. per dozen. DOUBLE PRIMROSES. Crimson or Velvet, 2J. each. Lavender, 4s. per dozen. Purple, IS. each. White, 4^. per dozen. Yellow, 3 per dozen. Rose, It. 6aid for orders over £,'^. ScJui for particulars to W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers, DABIilNGTON. TIFF.'X.NY and ELASTIC NETTING (REGISTERED), — It is now twenty-five years since we introduced the article we called " SHAW'S Tl FFANY " ior horticultural shading and protecting, and up to the present all imitations have fallen short of the beauty, texture, and utility of the article Our immense sale enables us at all times to put it on the market at a lower price than any other house Tiffany and Elastic Netting (REGISTERED), with Canvas and all other Shading and Protecting Materials, manufactured and sold by JOHN SHAW AND CO., 29, Oxford Street. Manchester. Samples and prices on application. BROWN'S FLORAL SHADING. —A Protection for the Elocm of Wall Trees from frost, and for Shading Plants under Glass from the sun. Sold by Nur- serymen and Seedsmen. Prices and samples on application to BROWN AND CO. Hate Charles Brown), Greenheys, Manchester. BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, Patentees and Manufacturers of Wrought Iron CONTINUOUS BAR FENCINQ. Iron Hurdles, Strained Wire Fencing, Field and Entrance Gates, Tree Guards, &;c., VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON. and 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London, E.C. Catalogues free on application. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL IRON WORKS, STAFFORDSHIRE ; 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.G.; and 180, BUCHANAN STREET, GLASGOW, GALVANISED FITTINGS FOR Wiring Garden Walls^ Training Fruit Trees. Admitted by every practical gardener to be an immense im- provement upon the old system of nails and shreds, no damage being done to the wait, and the tying being effected in a much betttr manner and in a quarter of the time ; all the fittings are galvanised, thus making them impenshab'e PK.IC£S s li GALVANISED EVES for Guiding the Wires upnn the Walls .. .. .. o 4 per dozen. GALVANISED TERMINAL HOLD- FASTS; Uvo required for each line of wire .. .. .. .. ..19 ,, GALVANISED RAIDISSEURS. for Straining the Wires .. .. ..30 WINDING KEY for same o 4 each. EVE BOLTS, to use instead of Raidis- seurs .. .. .. .. .-3 o per dozen. Best No. 14 GALVANISED WIRE .. 2 o per 100 yards. Carriage Paid upon all Orders of ^os. and up^i ALPH WALLER AND CO., 45, I^ale Street^ J-V Manchester, Manufacturer of all kinds of GARDEN NETTING. &c., ior proiectmg Fruit Trees from Frosl ; also HOTHOUSE SHADINGS of various thicknesses, supe- rior 10 any other yet discovered for Lightness, Strength, and Durability, standing, as they do. all weathers. TIFFANY of various kinds alway-i on hand. Netting ana Shading in pieces 30 yards long, by 1% yard wide. Tiffany in pieces zo vards long, 38 inches wide. Also Tiffany mineralised. NETTING, No. i, 4.^. per square yard ; No. 2, 3)4^. ; No, 3, 4H'- HljTHoUSE SHADINGS. FINE NETTING, ^d. per square yard : No. 6a, Zd.; No. 6, <^d. : No. 6, improved. 9%d. TIFFANY, No. i. 51. 6d. per piece, Mineralised, is.'. No. 2, 4J. 6d. per piece. Mineralised, ^s. S.Tmples on appl'c.ition. March 15, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 353 MESSENGER & COMPANY, MIDLAND HORTICULTURAL BUILDING & HOT-WATER ENGINEERING WORKS, LOUGHBOROUGH. HoiUculmral Buildings erected on Messenger & Co.'s Patent Method of Construction are very strong, most durab/f, li!;lit. elt-ga/it, amply ventilated, perfect efficiency for intended purpose is guai\uiteeil. are economical ui cost and nuiinteJiaiiLe- combine the peculiar advantages of Wooden and of Iron Houses, without their disadvantages. MESSENGER AND CO., from their long experience, and having large Works exclusively devoted to the Construction and Heating of Horticultural Buildings, are in a position to execute with despatch, in the best manner, the Orders with which they are entrusted. Only thoroughly well seasoned timber used. Tlie Plans of Landscape Gardeners, ArcMteots, and Otliers carried out. Plans and Estimates forwarded free on receipt of Particulars by Post. Estimates sent tree of charge. Ladies and Gentlemen waited upon. Illustrated CATALOGUES of GREENHOUSES, VINERIES, HE.A.TING APPARATU.S, &c sent free 5n application. Richly Illustrated CATALOGUE of HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS and HE.ATING \PP.-\RATUS (the Designs t.aken from Works executed by M. & Co.), post-free for thirty-three stamps. Gentlemen consulting this Catalogue have the advantage of inspecting designs whose efficiency has been tested by actual experience. TWO HIGHEST A V/ A R D S PARIS, 1878, SILVER MEDAL. The Jury Reports are not vet published. PHILADELPHIA, 1876, PRIZE MEDAL. JuKY Report :— " Excellence iq diagonal weaving of a low-priced fabric. FOR GALVANISED ^VIRE NETTING \lave been awarded fo tlie Inventors and Original Manufacturers nf Afae/iine-made Il'in- Neftina- \ BARNARD, BISHOP k BARNARDS, Norfolk Ironworks, NORWICH,' And 91, 93, and 95, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.G. Prices per Lineal Yard, 2 feet wide ■izeof ^esh. Mostly used for. Gauge. Light. Gauge. .Medium Gauge. Strong. Inch. 2 1 Rabbits & Hares Rabbits, &o Small Rabbits ... Pheasantries 19 I? 19 d. 18 18 18 18 d. \% 9 17 "7 17 >7 s. d. 0 M 0 iH 0 6 1 0 iIheThames Bank Iron Company OLD BARGE WHARF, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDON, S.B. Have the largest and most complete stock in the Trade ; upwards of ^20,000 worth to choose Irom. iOT^ATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNEC'fTONS, And all CASTINGS for HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. Their New Illustrated Catalogue., Zth Edition, now ready {price Sixpence). 'ot-water Apparatus ereoted complete, or the Materials supplied at Wholesale Prices. Q T "P "V E T^ S ' TRENTHAM GREENHOUSE BOILER, After lone experience, has proved the most SIMPLE. ECONOMICAL, EFFECTUAL, and LASTING BOILER extant ; recently improved. See Testimonials from Highest Authorities. For Illustrations, with full particul.irs, anplv to the Sole Makers, F. & J. SILVESTER. HOT-WATER ENGINEERS. &c., &c., Castle Hill Works, Newcastle, Staffordshire. ^S" Our Boilers are the onlv ones made with the sanction and under the inspection of the inventor, Mr. Stevens — all others being base imitations. HORTICULTURAL WINDOW GLASS. A large variety of sizes, 15-02., 12$. 6d. ; 21-oz., i6i. 6J.y per 100 feet. Large sizes, in Cases, for Cutting up — is-cz. 4ths, 30^. ; 3ds, 40^. per ^oo feet ; — 21-oz. 4ths, 30s ; 3d'., 40J. per 200 feet. — ALFRED SVER, Glass, Lead, Zinc, Oil and Colour Merchant, S. Pentonville Road, London, N. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, &c., Can be obt.iined in all si?t:v and qualities, of BETHAM & SON", 9. LOWER THAMES STREET. LONDON, E.G. P>. i^ Son have always a lar^e Stock in London of ao-in. by iz-in , 2;>iii. by i^-in., 20-in. by i6-in., 20-111. by 18-in., in i6-oz. & 21-oz. CO., EDGING DOULTON AND M.uiilfacturt'is. of IMPERISHABLE GARDEN Of various patterns, in Terra Cotta, Stoneware, & Blue Staffordshire Ware VASES, PEDEST.tLS, PEXD.l.XTS. Sfc, In Terra Cotta and Doulton Ware. Illustrated LISTS and Special Prices on application. Chief Offices: High Street. Lambeth, S E. Depots : Wood Street, r.irmincham : loo, Soho Street, Liverpool ; and Hope .Street, Salford. Manufactories : Lambelh. Staffordshire, and Lancashire, TERRA-COTTA more durable than Stone.— Varies, TazzAS, Flower Trays, Pedestals, Balustrades, Brackets. Terminals, Cornices, &c. For designs and prices apply to JOHN M. BLASHFIELD, 42. Berners Street, W. THE GARDEN POTTERY, Old Down, Shepton Malelt. I have not advertised my Flower-pots lately, for I have been selling faster than 1 could make. I have some in hand now, and none can please better. r.. r jjTf't'pc Rosher's Garden Edging Tiles. THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they harbour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and fe* once put down, incur no ^eajk. furiher labour or expense, v" JJ^ as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c., in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO, Manufacturers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfriars, 3 E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ; Kingsland Road, E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES," PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES; also for FOXLEV'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors, Balconies. &c , from 3.S. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheets of Plain or more elaborate Designs, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies. Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, iitc. T. ROSHER AND CO.. Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SILVER SAND, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by Post per Ton or Truckload, on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BKICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities, F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.B.— Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. Indestructible Terra-Cotta Plant Markers. MAW AND C O.'S PATEN T.— Prices, Printed Patterns, and Specimens, sent post- free on application ; also Patterns of Ornamental Tile Pave- ments for Conservatories, Entrance Halls. &c. MAW AND CO., Benihall Works, Broseley. 354 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March ij, 1879. Under the Patronage of the Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BLACK-FACED LETTERS. The Gardeners' Magazine says:— "We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samoles and Price Lists free. J. SMITH. The Royal Label Factory, Slratford-on-Avon. THE IMPROVEMENT OF LANDED ESTATES, By DRAINAGE, ENCLOSING. CLEARING, The ERECTION of FARM BUILDINGS and COTTAGES, WATER SUPPLY. &c. The Land Loan and Enfranchisement Co. (Incorporated by Special Act of Parliament) ADVANCES MONEY: ist. — To the OWNERS of SETTLED and OTHER ESTATES, for the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages, and for the Drainage, Irrigation, Enclosing, Clearing and General Improvement of Landed Property in any part of the United Kingdom. 2d. "To the OWNERS of SETTLED ESTATES m ENGLAND, for the Erection or Completion of Mansions, Stables, and Outbuildings, and for the Construction or Erection of Reseivoirs, and other Works of a permanent nature, to supply Water for the use of the Estate, or for any other purpose. 3d,— To LANDOWNERS generally, to enable them to subscribe for Shares in Companies for the Construction of Rail- ways and Navigible Canals, which will beneficially affect their Estates. 4th.— To INCUMBENTS, for the Improvement of their Glebe Lands, by Drainage, and the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages. 5th.— To COPYHOLDERS, for the Enfranchisement of Copyhold Lands. The amount borroved, with the expenses, would be charged on the Estate benefited, and repaid by a rent-charge, termi- nating in twenty- five years. No Investigation of the Landowner's Title is necessary. Forms of application, and all further particulars may be obtained of Messrs. RAWLENCE and SQUAREY, 22. Great George Street. Westminster, S.W., and Salisbury; of Messrs. ASHURST, MORRIS, CRISP and CO.. 6. Old je^vry, London, E.G. ; of Messrs. GILLESPIE and PATERSON, W.S.. 81A, George Street, Edinburgh. Agents for the Company in Scotland ; and at the Offices of the Company, as below, T. PAIN, Managing Director. EDWIN GARROD, Secretary. Land Loan and Enfranchisement Company. 22, Great George Street, Westminster. S.W, Accidents Occur Daily— Accidents of all Kinds Provided against by a Policy ot the RAILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE COMPANY.— The Oldest and Largest Accidental Assurance Company. The Right Hon. Lord Kinnaird, Chairman. Subscribed Capital, ^i, 000.030. Annual Income. £2x^.000. A fixed sum in case of Death by Accident, and a Weekly Allowance in the event of Injury, may be secured at moderate Premiums. Bonus allowed to Insurers of five years' Standing. .^1,350,000 have been paid as compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or 64, Cornhill. London. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. LOUDON'S ENCYCLOPyEDIA of GAR- DENING; comprising the Theory and Practice of Horticulture, Floriculture, Arboriculture, and Landscape Gar- dening. 8vo, with several hundred Woodcuts, price 2if. LONGMANS and CO.. London. O POULTRY PAY?— I get 1580 eggs from 22 hens from October to April (my winter months). So may you, courteous reader. For Why's and Wherefore's see my Pamphlet. Coining Events says : — "This pamphlet gives some extraordinary results of a careful management of poultry. Keepers of poultry may find very useful hints." Send is, m stamps to the Author. Mr. LOWER, St. Marks, Cheltenham. EVUE de rHORTICULTURE BELGE et ETRANGERE (IJtilgian and Foreign Horticultural Reviewl. — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard, E. Andre', C. Baltet, T. Eucheiet. F. Burvenich. F. Crcpin, Comte de Gomer, De Jonge van Ellemeet, O. de Kerchove de Denterghem. P. E. de Puydt. C. de Vis, J. Gillon. A. M. C. - Jongkindt Coninck, C. Koch, J. Kicks, L. Linden, T. Moore, C. Naudin, 13. Oliver, H. Ortgies, E. Pynaert, E. Rodigas, A. Siraux, O. Thomas, A. van Geert Son. H. J. van Halle, J. Van Volxem, H. J. Veitch, A. Wcstniael, and P. Wolkenstein. This illustrated Journal appears on the ist of every month, in Parts of 24 pages, 8vo, with a Coloured Plate and numerous Engravings. Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom : — One year, loj , payable in advance. Publi>hing Office ; 143, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium. PoH-nffice Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT, at the Chief Post-office. Ghent. H E C U L T I V A T O R.— A Portuguese Monthly Agricultural Journal, which circulates in Portugal and her possessions, and in the Principal Towns of the Brazils. This paper offers an excellent medium for Advertisements of every description of industry and of every article of Consump- tion in the countries and places ab)ve mentioned. Advertising charges, 8^^. per square inch, Translation included. Ten per cent. Discount for si.\ months ; 20 per cent. Discount for twelve months, if paid in advance. Address, the Editor of the CuUiv.itor, St. Michael's, Azores. Belgian. BULLETIN d'ARBORI CULTURE, de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI- CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Plates and Illustrations. Published since 1865 by F. Burvenich, F. Pavnaert, E. Rodigas, and H. J. Van HuLLE, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Government at Ghent. Post paid, \c>s. per annum H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium. Books on Gardening. HANDY BOOK of the FLOWER- GARDEN : being practical directions for the Propa- gation, Culture, and Arrangement oi Plants in Flower-Gardens all the year round. By David Thomson, Editor of Tlie Gardener, &c. Third edition, enlarged and brought down to the present time. Crown 8vo, with Engravings, ^s. 6d. DOMESTIC FLORICULTURE, WINDOW GARDENING, and FLORAL DECO- RATIONS: being Practical Directions for the Propagation, Culture, and Arrangements of Plants and Flowers as Domestic Ornaments. By F. W. Burhidgr, Editor of the Floral Maga- zine, &c. Second edition, enlarged. Crown 8vo, with numerous lllnstrations, 7^. dl. CULTIVATED PLANTS : their Propaga- tion and Improvement. By the Sahe. With 191 Engravings, and Index. Crown 8vo, pp. 630, i-zs. td. THE BOOK of the GARDEN. — By Charles M'Intosh. In two large volumes, royal 8vo, embellished with ij'Si Engravings. Each volume may be had separately, viz. ;— Vol. I. : Architectural and Ornamental Gardening. Illu5lr.ated by 1073 Engravings, pp. 776, £2 icj. Vol 11. ; Practical Gardening. Pp. 863, with 279 Engravmgs, jCi 17s. 6d. HANDY-BOOK of FRUIT CULTURE UNDER GLASS : being a Series of EI.abor.ate Practical Treatises on the Cultivation and Forcing of Pines, Vines, Peaches, Figs, Melons, Strawberries, and Cucumbers. By David Thomson. Editor of T/ie Gardener, &c. down Svo, with Engravings, 7^. (>d. HANDBOOK of HARDY HERBACEOUS and ALPINE FLOWERS, for General Garden Decora- tion, containing descriptions, in plain language, of upwards of 1000 species, together with concise and plain instructions for their Propagation and Culture. By William Sutherland, formerly Manager of the Herbaceous Department at Kew. Crown Svo, 75. bd, THE GARDENER.— A Monthly Magazine of Horticulture and Floriculture. For the Practical Man and the Amateur. Edited by David Thomson, Author of Handy-Back nf the Flower-Garden, &c., aided by a staff of practical gaidentrs. Price bd. monthly, or free by post yi. per annum. WILLIAM BLACKWOOD and SONS, Edinburgh and London. Potato Culture— Secrets of Success. Mr. Porter, Old Meldrum, having resolved to give up growing Potatos for competition, has now published CULTURAL DIRECTIONS, containing an account of his experience and practice in Potato Growing for Exhibition, and especially hov/ to secure brightness and polish of tubers by cultivation and manuring, &c., in short, how to produce perfect and polished Potatos in all soils and seasons Invaluable to exhibitors. Subscription copies only will be issued. Price 10^. 6./. each, post-free. Sent on receipt of Post-office Order for the amount, to be made payable at Old Meldrum, to W. Porter.— Apply to Mr. PORTER, Old Meldrum, Aberdeen. New Books on Gardening. Weale's Rudimentary Series.— This day, lamo. Limp cloth, \s. (yd ; cloth beards, zj. ; postage "zd. KITCHEN GARDENING MADE EASY. Showing How to Prepare and Lay-out the Ground, the best Means of Cultivating every known Vegetable and Herb, with Directions for Management all the Year Round. By George M. F. Glennv. Just Published, 416 pages. 138 Illustrations, cloth SJ. ; postage id., GOOD GARDENING; or, How to Grow Vegetables, Fruits, and Flowers ; with Practical Notes on Soils, Manures. Seeds. Planting, Laying-out, &c By Samuel Wood. Third Edition, with considerable additions._ " One of the best and clearest which we have met with." Spectator. £61} Annual Profit from i Acre of Land and /176 per Annum from Three Glasshouses ! — See MULTUM-IN-PARVO GARDENING. By Samuel Wood, Author of "Good Gardening." Third Edhion, revised. Crown Svo, cloth, with Illustrations, price 2f. : postage 31^. " Should be read by all who contemplate growing for market and profit." — Farmer. CROSBY LOCKWOOD and CO.. 7. Stationer's Hall Court, London. E.G. ^_^_^_____^^__^ In I vol. Svo. with abovp 12,000 Woodcuts, price 42^., LOUDON'S ENCYCLOPEDIA of PLANTS : comprising the specific character, description, culture, history, application in the arts, and every other desirable particular respecting all the plants indigenous to. cultivated in, or introduced into Britain. Corrected by Mrs. Loudon ; assisted by Gkokge Don, F.L.S., and David WOOSTER. " This celebrated work is of 1 theless drawn by Mr. Sow- the greatest utility to gardeners, I erby with such happy art. and and. indeed, to all who have so skilfully engraved by Bran- not access to great libraries, ston, that the plants could The great recommendation of always be recognised, even by the work has always been its ! those little acquainted with the woodcuts, which, although j vegetable kingdom." Gar- only miniatures, were never- ! dcners' Chronicle. London : LONGMANS and CO. I^ ADVERTISERS are requested to note that although we do not object to receive Letters to be called for^ we cannot undertake tofonvard them, WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER, who knows his profession, to take charge of Garden, Stove-house, and Conservatory. — Apply to Mr. RALPH. Cranbrook Villa. Fox Lane, Upper Norwood. S.E. WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER, to take charge of Garden, two small Green- houses, and Milk Cow. Must be well up to his work. Good personal character indispensable. — Apply by letter to T. F., Messrs. Smith. Butchers, near Bruce Grove. Tottenham. ANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER. Must have a thorough practical know- ledge of Vines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Kitchen and Slower Gardening. Wages, including everything, 241. No man with any family will be engaged. —Apply, by letter only, stating age, and giving name of previous employer, to 207, Hagley Road, Birmingham, WANTED, a GARDENER (another kept) : Wife as Laundress. Both must be recommended as being active and willing to be generally useful. Wages 30^. per week, with coals, gas, and part of house.— Apply by letter to S. HOLMAN, Esq , Hanger Vale. Ealing, Middlesex. ANTED, a good KITCHEN GAR- DENER (single), one used to a large place.— W. H. EDWARDS, Lower Cheam, Sutton. Surrey. ANTED, a thoroii*;hly practical MAN, who understands Orchids (principally cool), Euchans, Gardenias, Lilies of the Valley, Pomseltias, Spirsas, and the Propagation and Growing of Stove Plants generally. One pre- ferred who has been accustomed to produce large quantities of Cut Flowers. None need apply who are not thoroughly con- versant with the above. S Permanent situation and liberal salary. —HEATH AND SON, Nurserymen, Cheltenham. ANTED, AT ONCE, a Married Couple —Man as UNDER-GARDENER. Wife as thorough LAUNDRY-WOMAN. Characters must bear the strictest investigation. They will have a good four-roomed cottage, adjoining the laundry, rent and taxes free. No carriages paid. —State ages, family, wages, and full particulars to A. F. P., Forest House, Chigwell, Essex. WANTED, a MAN to work in the Nursery, to assist in the Houses, and attend to the Fires when required. Apply by letter, staling wages required, wiih fiiU particulars, to G. WALKLING, College Park Nursery, Lewi&< ham, S.E. WANTED, a respectable steady industrious young MAN to work in Kitchen Garden, &c., with good character. Wages 165. per week, with lodgings, &c. — GARDENER, Ivy House, East Hill, Wandsworth, Common. S.W. ANTED, at ONCE, young MAN, good Grower of Soft-wooded Stuff. State experience, references, and wages required, — GEORGE COOLING^ Nurseryman, Bath. WANTED, a Young MAN, that has worked in a London Nursery and Assisted in Packing. — Applf at R. GREEN'S, Bedford Conservatories, Covent Gardea Market, W.C. WANTED, a Young MAN, for the Houses. Must be steady and industrious. Age about 2ior3& -GARDENER, Hilton Park, Wolverhampton. WANTED, Out-door NURSERY HANDS, used 'to general Planting, Budding, Grafting, &c.; also Assistants under Glass— those used to grow for market preferred. Write, stating experience, wages, and if disengaged. — PO U N CE AND SONa, Hendon, Middlesex. WANTED, a MAN, age 23 to 30, who has been used to plain Carpentering and Painting, and who could fill up his time at Gardening. Permanent situation to a good hand, whose character will bear strict investigation.— Write full particulars of former places, age, wages, &c, to J.!SPARKS,Gardener'sLodge, Surrey Mount, Forest Hill.S.E. ANTED, a Young MAN as BOOK- KEEPER"; must have a good knowledge of Seed and Nursery Trade, and be able occasionally to act as Salesman. — Address, stating wages, &c., WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Ahrincham. ANTED, an experienced SHOPMAN.— Apply by letter only, stating experience and salary, to BARR AND SUGDEN, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, WANT PLACES. JOHN COWAN, The Vineyard and tJ Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, can with every confi- dence recommend a first-class GARDENER to any Nobleman or Gentleman who may require such. BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he • has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER. BAILIFF. FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selectioos for the different capacities will be made. — Holloway, N. E. G. HENDERSON AND SON have many excellent GARDENERS with approved testimonials for ability now waiting in their Nurseries fw re-engagement. E. G. H. & Son will be pleased to answer any enquiries from Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring such— Pine-apple Nursery, Maida Vale, London. W. GARDENER (Head), married— A LADY wishes to recommend a man for the above situation." Lady B., Norton Priory, Runcorn. GARDENER (Head). —Age 25, single; thoroughly understands Vmes, Peaches, Melons, Siort and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. — F. C» 23, Camden Road, Tunbridge Well>. Kent. GARDENER (Head).— Single ; practically acquainted with the Culture and Management of Choice Plants, Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables, including Orchids and Pines. Good references.— G, W., Greenwood Cottage, Wood- ford. N.E. GARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married, two children ; twenty years' experience in all branches of the profession. Over seven years' Head Gardener in present situation. Leaving through expiration of lease. Excellent character.— SIDNEY BAILEY, Sawley Hall. Ripon, Yorks^ To Lovers of Orcliids. GARDENER (Head) ; age 35, married- Mr. C. Mav, who for the past eight years has had the entire charge and management of the well-known and famou' collection ol Mr. Beckett of Stamford Hill, is open to engagt with any Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practice. man. Good references. -C. MAY, 6, St. Aubin Villas, Tlw Crescent, Stamford Hill, N.E. March 15, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 355 GARDENER (Head).— Age 29 ; thorough practical knowledge of the profession. Twelve years' experience in good places ; five years in present situation ; three years as Foreman. Good references. — Address, stating wages, &c., to A. CLARKE, Addington Gardens, Winslow, Bucks. GARDENER (Head).— Aj;e 42, married, two children (ages g and lo) ; understands the profession in all its branches. Fourteen years in last situation. Good character.— W.S..38,Goodge Street, Tottenham Court Road, W. ARDENER (Head).— A Lady would be pleased to recommend her Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical trustworthy Man. — Full particulars to W. G. M. C. , Oaklands. Braintree, Essex. GARDENER (Head).— Age 30, married when suited ; thoroughly practical in all branches, including Fruit, Forcing, and Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Can be highly recommended for Plants and Orchids. Experi- ence acquired in first-class gardens. Excellent character from present and previous employers. — J, WOOLFORD, Downside, Leatherhead. GARDENER (Head).— Age 31, single; is thorough practical in the cultivation of Stove and Green- house Plants, aUo Orchids, Pmes, Vines, Early and Late Forcing of Fruits, Flotvers, and Vegetables, and the general Management of a good establishment. Character will bear .most strict inquiry. — J. H., ^3, Gayton Road, Hampstead, London, N.W. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept. — Age 25, single ; understands Gardening in all branches. Good character. — H., 11, Lismore Road, Haverstock Hill, N.W. ARDENER (Head).— Has a thorough practical knowledge of the Cultivation of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vines, Cucumbers, &c. Good character. — B., 4, Verandah Cottages, North Hill, Highgate, N. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept. — Age 29 ; has a thorough practical knowledge of the profession. Seven years' excellent character. Can be well recommended by present employer. — G. PHILLIPS, Swanbourne, Winslow. Bucks. G ARDENER (Head); age 38, married Mr. A. HosSACK, Gardener to the M.trquis of Hertford, Ragley Hall, Alcester, can with every confidence recommend the above as a first-class Gardener in every department, GARDENER (Head), where one or more are kept.— Age 25 ; thoroughly understands Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Early and Late Forcing, Vines, Pines, Peaches, Cucumbers and ^Ielons, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Highly recommended. Two years' good character from present employer.— A. LYON, Charmen Dean, Worthing. ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good practical man in all branches of Gardening, including Early and Late Forcing of Fruit and Flowers —Age 45, married. Good character.— A. B., Mr. Cooper, Bridge Street, Godalming, Surrey. GARDENER (Head), where two under-men are kept.— Married, no family ; a thoroughly practical man, well experienced in the Culture of Pines, Vines, Peaches, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Flower and Kitchen Garden. Twelve years in last place.— A. B., T. Smith, Florist, Upper East Hays. Bath, Somerset. /^RDENER (Head), or GARDENER, _V^ FORESTER, and BAILIFF. -A first-class Gardener is in want of an appointment as above; is thoroughly acquainted with the general routine of gardening of a first-class establish- ment, having filled a similar situation for the past twelve years. Death cause of leaving. Can be highly recommended by some of the leading nobility and gentry for capabUities, energy, and respectability.— T. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, W.C. /^ARDENER (Head, Working).— Married, V^ two children ; seventeen years' practical experience in Forcuig Vmes, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, &c.. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening.— A. H., 5, Asgill Cottages, Richmond, Surrey. /^ARDENER (Head, Working), where V^ several are kept.— Age 32, married, no family ; Early and Late Forcmg. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Three years' character.— GARDENER, Garnck's Villa. Hampton, Middlesex. (^ARDENER (Head, Working), where two VJ or three are kept.— Age 25, single ; understands Vines, Pines, Peaches. Melons, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Four years good character from present situation.— T. S., Camerton Court Gardens, Hath. (^ARDENER (Head, Working) ; age 30, V^ married.— A Gentlejun wishes to recommend his late Head Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly practical, trustworthy Man well up in all branches.— A. P., 2, Paget Street, Southampton. /r:' ARDENER (Head, Working).— Married. V>^ First class Certificated in Fruit and Vegetable Culture and in Floriculture by the Royal Horticultural Society, and by the Society of Arts, with their First Prizes. Extensive expe- rience, highest references.-JOHN JONES, Gardener, Broom Hall, Oswestry. (^ARDENER (Head, Working), where tu-o V^ or more are kept.— Age 30, married, one child : thoroughly practical in the culture of Vines. Peaches. Melons, Cucumbers Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening ■ has a thorough knowledge of Land and Stock, if reuuir?d. Uood character from late and former situations.— G. DANIELS. Woodbridge Road, Moseley, Birmingham. Q.ARDENER (Head, Working), where two V^ or more are kept -Middle-aged, no family; thoroughly practical in al branches. Five years' good character. No objection to toke care of Cows.-H. CHARMAN, Frimley Famborough Station, Hants. • nnuey, /-.^.ARDENER (Head, WoRKiNG).-Age 25, fw„t,^'"^ Vi ™'^«!:^'ands Vines, Peaches, Melons, sfove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. ' Three aSd Havan'JrHants""'"' '*""""-"■ W.. Garden!, Leigh Park, GARDENER (Head, Working), where two or three are kept. — Age 28, single ; good knowledge of Gardening in all its branches. — G. J., Mr. Bush, Newsagent, Sunninghill, Berks. GARDENER. — Good, practical ; under- stands Land and Stock. Two years and three months' character in present situation. Disengaged March 25. — SMITH. Gardener, Highfield, Stamford Hill, N. GARDENER, in a small place, where help is given ; there must be some Glass. — Age 25. single ; ten years' good experience. —G. GOSDEN, The Laundry, Everlands, Sevenoaks, Kent. GARDENER, good Single-handed, or where another is kept. — Age 27, married ; eighteen months' good character from last situation, and six years' from previous situation.— C. C, Gardener, Bolney Court, Henley-on- Thames, Oxon. ARDENER (Single-Handed, or good Second).— Age 26 : good character.- A. R., The Welcome, Weston Street, Upper Norwood, S.E. ARDE NER (Second). — Age 27 ; ten years' experience in Stoves and Greenhouses, Fruit and Forcing.— J. slater, Oak Park, Cavendish Road, Clapham Park, Surrey. GARDENER (Second).— Good knowledge of Forcing of Fruit, Flowers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c. Good character. — S., 2, Berkley Square, Coventry Road, Small Heath, Birmingham. ARDENER (Second), in a Gentleman's establishment. — Age 24 ; two years in present situation. Good reference.— W. H., The Gardens, Oakwood, Crayford, Kent. ARDENER (Second), where three or more are kept, or under a Foreman in the Houses.— Age 24.— GEORGE AKEHURST, Stanmer Park, Lewes, Sussex. ARDENER (Second).— Understands the Cultivation of Vines. Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Excellent character.— A. R. C, Ather- stone, Warwickshire. ARDENER (Second). — Thoroughly understands the Management of Vines, Melons, Cucum- bers, and Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Three years' good character.— W. C, 8, Granville Terrace, Cross Road, Croydon. ARDENER (Under), in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Garden (to live in bothy).— Age 21 ; one and a half year's good character from present employer — WM. PEARSON, The Gardens, Naseby Woolleys. Rugby. /^ARDENER (Under), where he can further V^ improve himself in the Houses. — Age 22 ; seven years' experience. Two years' good character. — CHARLES BROOKS, North Luffenham Hall. Stamford. GARDENER, under a Foreman, in a good _ establishment for Improvement. — Age 21. Seven years' experience. Premium if required.— C. T., Post-ofSce, Beech Hill, Berks. TT'OREMAN, in a good establishment. — -*-' Age 24 ; ten years' experience. First-class references as to character and ability.— A. S., The Gardens, Warninglid Hall, Hayward's Heath. ^ "C'OREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's J- Garden.— Age 24 ; ten years' experience. Good refe- rences, &C.-J. W.,The Gardens, Little Aston Hall, Sutton Coldneld, Birmingham. "POREMAN.— James Corbett, late Fore- -L man to Sir George Elliot, Bart., M.P., is open for re- engagement. Well up in Pines. Vines, Orchids, &c. Highest references— Address, JAMES CORBETT, Fair Lawn, Lytham, Lancashire. "P'OREMAN (General), in the Houses, in a -L Nobleman's or Gentleman's establishment. — Age 25 single ; thoroughly understands Fruit and Plant Growing' Ten years experience. — F. HAINES, Honington Hall, Shipston-on-Stour. 'POREMAN, in a Gentleman's establishment. J- —Age 23 ; thorough knowledge of Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers. Orchids. Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Four years excellent character from present situation ; twelvemonths' Foreman's character.- C. S., Gardens, Leigh Park. Havant Hants. X"'OREMAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's -»- Garden.— Age 26. Three years' go^d character from present employer. State wages, &a-G. .T., The Gardens, Denbies, Dorking, Surrey. TT'OREMAN, in i i^^^d establishment. ^TA^r^^i °A; 'J? '^^^'■' ^"Perisnc^. Good character.- G. TAYLOR, Woodburn Gardens. Darlington. "POREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age -L 2S ; can be highly recommended by present and previous employers. Eleven years' experience, three in present situation. — H. H., Ihe Gardens, Dover House. Roehampton, Surrey. "POREMAN in a Gentleman's establishmem! r- ,~'\5'^,V ■ ^'^^ '^'^^'^' practical experience in all branches. Can be highly recommended Irom present and previous employers Bothy preferred.-R.;F., The Gardens, Brooklands, Blackheath Park. Kent. Tj^OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22 ; seven -L and a half years' experience. Eighteen months' good ch.aracter from last employer. -C. D., Handshall Cottage, Willaston, Cheshire. "POREMAN, or good JOURNEYMAN in a J- large (establishment. -Age 24; ten years' experience. rAMPtM" n-W T P"'^"'"' =""* previous situations.-W. CAMPIN, The Gardens, Castle Hill, Bletchingley, Surrey. "POREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— Twenty w;„tJ-,'n''J'V^!'''F,"^"" j° growing Soft and Hard-wooded Plants and Cut Flowers for Covent Garden Market.-R. B., , Chestnut Cottages, Surbiton HUl, ' To Nurserymen and Florists. ' FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROWER of Soft and Hard-wooded Plants, also where Cut Flowers are wanted in quantity. — Can take entire charge. Good references from last employer. — A. B. , 45, Orchard Road, Plumstead, Kent. ROPAGATOR (Indoor). — Four years' experience with present employers. Satisfactory refer- ences can be given. — H. COLLINS, James Dickson & Sons, Newton Nurseries, Chester. ROPAGATOR and GENERAL PLANT GROWER.— Age 28. Good character as to qualifications. — B, J., 5A, Princess Street, Grove Road. T^TeNERAL PROPAGATOR and VJ GROWER.— Accustomed to Market Work. Good reference. — W. W., 2, Elm Grove, Rozendale Road, West Dulwich, S.E. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR (Assistant). — A respect- able young Man desires a situation, as above, in a good Nursery. First-class references.— Address, stating terms, to X. Y. Z., 47, Hatherley Street, Princes Road, Liverpool. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good establishment.— Age 25. —J. ARTHURS, Stoodleigh, Tiverton, Devon. IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.— Age 17. Has some knowledge of the work. — W. PALLETT, Upper Froyle, Alton, Hants. IMPROVER. — A young man, wishing to improve in Gardening, desires a situation in a large Gentleman's establishment or large Market Garden. — Apply, stating wages, &c., T. MILNER, Post-office, Darnel, Sheffield, Yorkshire. O THE SEED TRADE.— Age 20 ; has had four years' experience in good house. Is well recommended, and has satisfactory reasons for changing. — • — LOTHIANS, R. Learmonth, 2, North Canal Street, Edinburgh, SHOPMAN, or SECOND.— Age 2S ; ten years' experience as Seedsman, Florist, and Fruiterer. Understands Seed Cleaning. Sample Trying, and Wholesale and Retail duties generally. Well up in Synonyms.— SEEDS- MAN, 17, Russell Street. Covent Garden. W.C. J^INAHAN'S LL WHISKY. XT I N A K HAN'S L L WHISKY. Pure, Mild and Mellow, Delicious and Most Wholesome. Universally recommended by the Profession. The Cream of Old Irish Whiskies. INAHAN'S LL WHISKY. Dr. Hassall says—" Soft and Mellow, Pure, well Matured, and of very excellent quality." HAN'S LL WHISKY. edal, Paris Exhibition, 187S: Dublin Exhibition, Medal.~2o, Great Titchficld Street, London, W. KI N A Gold M 1865, the Gold E P P S ' S GRATEFUL {James Epps &> Co., Homceopathic Chemists.) COMFORTING COCOA. "OLD DR. JACOB TOWNSEND'S" SARSAPARILLA. THE BLOOD PURIFIER. This extraordinary Medicine has a singular ic fluence upon the blood, which it enriches and purifies. It removes all pimples aad blotches, purifies the system, and acts like a charm. As a sustaining and purifying tonic ft is invaluable, and highly re commended in long-standing cases of indigestion, nervousness-' coughs, colds scrofula, gout, dropsy, and wasting of flesh. Sold by all druggists. Caution.— Get the red and blue wrapper, with the Doctors head in the centre. No other genuine. In bottles, 2^ 6^^., 4.V. 6.^., 75. 6^., iis. Another Cure of Coughs and Colds (tills week), M.arch t. 1879 —"I like P)R. LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS ^-J because they are portable, pleasant to take, and effectual m cases of Coughs. Colds. &c. (Signed) G. S.mith, Stokesley Station, Northallerton."— They taste pleasantlyand give instant relief. Price \s. lY^d. and is. qd. per box. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. The Medical Profession for over Forty Years have approved of this pure solution as the Best Remedy for ACIDITY OF THE STOMACH, HEARTBURN HEADACHE, GOUT, AND INDIGESTION, and as the safest Aperient for Delicate Constitutions, Ladies, Children, and Infants. DINNEFORD'S MAGNESIA. TTO LLC WAY'S PILLS.— The Female's J--*- Friend. — So soon as the human functions are disordered they should be rectified. It is a hopeless delusion to leave the. malady to its own course. A few appropriate doses of Holloway's Pills at the proper period will prevent many a serious illness. They arrest all morbid influences, and prevent disease from extending and aftecting more distant organs. Their primary action is upon the blood, stomach, liver, kidneys, and bowels. Their secondary action strengthens the nervous centres. No drug can be at once so harmless yet so antagonistic to disorders affecting the other sex. The most perfect reliance may be placed upon their purifying, regulating, and renovating virtues. They may be safely taken by females at any age. 356 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 15, 1879. GREEN'S PATENT NOISELESS LAWN-M0WIN6, ROLLING and COLLECTING MACHINES for 1879. THE WINNERS OF EVERY PRIZE IN ALL CASES OF COMPETITION. Patronised by Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen on many occasions, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, the King of the Belgians, the late Emperor of the French, the Emperor of Russia, and most of the Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry of the United Kingdom. Upwards of 90,000 of these Machines hava been Sold since they were first introduced in the year 1856, And Hundreds of unsolicited Testimonials have been received testifying to their superiority over all others. They have been submitted to numerous practical tests in Public Competition, and in all cases have carried ojf every Prize that has been given. The following are the advantages over all others : — ist. Simplicity of Construction— every part being easily accessible. 2d. They are worked with much greater ease than any other. 3d. They are the least liable to get out of order. 4th. They make little or no noise in working, sth. They will cut either long or short Grass, wet or dry. Single-handed Lawn Mower. To cut 6 inches Price £\ 15 o Can be worked by a Lady. To cut 8 inches „ 2 10 o Can be worked by a Lady. To cut 10 inches ... ... „ 3 10 o Can be worked by a strong Youth. To cut 12 inches „ 4 10 o Cm be worked by a M.xn. To cut 14 inches „ 5 10 o Can be worked by a Man. 7 lo o Double-handed Lawn Mower. To cut 16 inches ... ... Price £6 10 0 This can be worked by One Man on an even lawn. To cut 18 inches By a Man and Uoy. To cut 20 inches .,, ... „ 800 By a Man and Boy. *ro cut 22 inches ... ... „ 8 10 o * If made stronger, suitable for Donkey, 30J. extra. *To cut 24 inches ... ... „ 900 ' If made stronger, suitable for Donkey, 30J. extra. Prices of Donkey, Pony, and Horse M.ichinos, including I'.iicnt .Self or .Side iJelivery Bo.x, Cross-stay complete, suitable for attaching; to Ordinary Chaise Traces or Gig Harness ; — DONKEY and PONY MACHINES. To cut 26 inches To cut 28 inches To cut 30 inches Leather Boots for Donkey Leather Boots for Pony i;i4 o o 1600 18 o o I o o I 4 o HORSE MACHINES. To cut 30 inches To cut 36 inches To cut 42 inches To cut 48 inches Leather Boots for Horse /22 o o 26 o o 30 o o 34 o o I 9 o The 25 and 23 inches can easily be worked by a Donkey, the 30 inches by a Pony, and the larger sizes by a Horse ; and as the Macliines make little noise in working, tlie most spirited animal can be employed without fear of it running away, or in any way d.amaging the Machine. Delivered, Carriage Free, at all the principal Railway Stations and Shipping Ports in England, Scotland, and Ireland. No Lawn Moiijer Manufasturer keeps so large a stock of Mowers as is to be found at our London Establishment, 54 and 55, Blaekfriars Road, where purchasers can select from upwards of c,oo Machines of Hand, Pony, and Horse Power, and have their Orders executed the same day they arc received. The above Machines are Warranted to give entire Satisfaction, otherwise they may be returned AT ONCE, tree of cost to the Purchaser. N^ [} Tliose who have Lawn Mowers which require repairing should send them to either our Leeds or London Establishment, where they will have prompt attention, as an Efficient Staff of Workmen is kept at both places. GREEN'S PATENT ROLLERS FOR LAWNS, DRIVES, BOWLING GREENS, CRICKET FIELDS, GRAVEL PATHS AND ROADS, SUITABLE FOR HAND OR ILORSE POWER. PRICE OF HAND ROLLERS, In One Piece. In Two Pieces, Diam. Lencth. ;^ s. d. 16 inches by 17 inches... 20 24 26 o o [7 6 o o Diam. Length. I S. d. 16 inches by 17 inches... 3 5 0 20 „ 22 „ ... 4 7 6 24 „ 26 „ ... 5 12 0 30 „ 32 „ ... 9 10 0 PRICE OF ROLLERS, IN TWO PARTS, Fitted withtShafcs. Diam. Length. £ s. d Diam. Length. {, 30 inches by 32 inches... 13 10 o ^o „ 36 „ ... 14 o o 15 10 30 inches by 48 inches... 17 o 30 „ 60 „ ... 19 10 "•n 7'> '>2 O d. O o o Weight Boxes extra, and Special Quotations made for Rollers 3, 3^, and ^ feet diameter, fitted with Shafts for One or Two Horses. Delivered, Carriage Free, to the principal Railway Stations and Shipping Forts in England. THEY CAN BE HAD OF ALL RESPECTABLE IRONMONGERS AND SEEDSMEN IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, OR DIRECT FROM THE MANUI- ACTURERS. THOMAS GREEN k SON, Smithfield Ironworks, Leeds; and 54 and 55, Blaekfriars Road, London, S.E. ILLUSTRATED PRICE LIST FREE, AND Specifications of Steam Road Rollers of various sizes, with prices, farnished on application. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41. Wellington Street. Covent Garden. London W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs, Bradsusv, Agnbw. & Co., Lombard Screet, Preoinct of Whitefriars, Citv of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Published by tB« said William Richards, at the OAce, 41. Wellin^to.i Street. P.irish of St. Paul's. Coveat Cardeo, in the said County.— Saturoav. M.irch 15, 1879. Agent for Manchester— John HsywooD. Agents for Scotland— Messrs. J. Menzibs & Co., Edinburgh and Olasjpw. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE dEstaWisbcb 1841. A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AM) ALLIED SUBJECTS. No. 273.— Vol. XI. {sSJes.} SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 1879. j Registered at the General Post Office as a Newspaper. Price 5d. Post Free, sJA CONTENTS. Anemone angulosa .. 376 Bolbophyllum beccarii . . 374 Books, notices of. . .. 370 Camellias, blu« .. .. 373 Catileya Triana: Hardy- ana .. .. .. 366 Chinese botanical and horticultural literature 36Q Chinese Primulas .. 374 Chionodoxa LucHix .. 375 Chiswick. the rockery at 375 Chiysanihemum culture, expeiiments in . . .. 376 CcE'oRvne, a be^uii^ul .. 374 Coffea libenca .. .. 3-9 Cuttinas, improved me- thod of striking .. 376 Daffodil, the wild .. 376 Denirobium chry^anthlIm micro phthalmum 36S „ crassinode album .. 376 Efica codonodes ,, . . 376 Eucharis Candida . . 375 Forestry . . . . . . 370 Fruit prospects .. .. 376 Garden operations .. 370 Grafting, on .. . . 365 Horticultural Club, the.. 375 Hvactnth, something tike a 373 Indian plants for com- merce . . . . . . 374 Klab<:)ch, the late Franz (wiih portrait) .. .. 369 Marriage, the recent Royal 372 Mentha pulegium gib- raltancum Odontog'ossum orientale Opuntia Rafinesquiana .. Orchids at Chelsea ,, at Davenham Bank ,, al Glasnevin ,. Mexican Peachts setting . . Pelargonium growing for market . . Penislemons at.d the frost Plants, new garden Portuguese Labiatse. the Pie*.ttn, the provincial show at .. Primula rosea Royal Hofticuliural So- ciety, the Saxifraga Burseriana . . Sclaginella denticulata .. Sequoia sempervirens, ex- crescence on (with cuts) Snowdrops on grass banks Societies :— Manchester Botanical Stove plants, interesting Strawberries, early Tea trade of China, the. . Trees at the West-end .. Veronicas and the frost. , Walnut, the black (with cut) Weather forecasts Weather, the 375 366 37^ 374 373 375 3''7 376 367 37^ 366 368 373 375 372 374 375 37a 376 377 366 376 369 375 375 37« 375 378 IMPORTANT NOT ICE, --Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, South Kensington. S.W. NOTICE -SCIENTIFIC. FRUIT, and FLORAL COM- MITTEES' MEETINGS on TUESDAY next, March 25. at II o'clock. Band of Royal Hor^e Guards at 3 o'Clock in the Conservatory. Admission, is. •«• Their Majesties the Kin^ and Queen of the Belgians having graciously signified their intention of visiting the Exhi- bition on this occasion, it is expected that the Display will be of more than ordinary interest. OYAL BOTAN I C SOCIETY, Gardens. Regent's Park, N.W. The FIRST EXHIBITION of SPRING FLOWERS this season will take place on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 26. All Plants and Flowers must be staged before 10 o'Clock. Gates open at 2 o'Clock. Tickets to be obtained at the Gardens only, by Vouchers from Fellows of the Society, price 2^. 6d. each. URTON-ON-TRENT FLORAL ^ HORTirULTURALSOClETY— The FIRST EXHI- BITION of the SKASON of PLANTS, FLOWERS FRUITS and VEGETABLES, will be he'd in the Hay' Burton-on-Trent. on WEDNESDAY, June s5 ,870' TWENTY POUNDS. TEN POUNDs, FIVE POUNDS for the best Twelve STOVE or GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c. Schedules of Prizes, and any inf, rmation may be obtained from the Secretary, to whom nurserymen and others wishing to beccme subscribers should apply. ^ g BARRATT, Sec. Abbey Cottage, H^rninglow Street, Burton-on-Trent. EEDS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. —The Schedule of Prizes for the GREAT SUMMER SHOW. JUNE 25. 26, and 27, are now ready, and maybe obtained of the Secretary, I J. H CLARK, Printer, Briggate. Leeds. CLAY CROSS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ! Twenty-sec ■'nd Annual Exhibition, AUGUST 12 1870 IPrizes THREE HUNDRED and FIFTY POUNDS Twenty Plants. £is. ^20, ^C^i. iC'o. and £$ Other Prizes in proportion. Schedules will be ready March 29, .1. STOLLARD, Secretary, Clay Cross, near Chesterfield. THE THIRTY-FOURTH ANNUAL EXHIBITION (Open 10 all England), of the Boroueh of Hackney CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY, will be held at the Royal Aquarium, Westminster, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY. November 19 and 20, when, in addiion to a JirfoJ'"''"' P""*. «igt« handsome and valuable SILVER CUPS will be awarded. Schedules may be hid on appli- l^iT""" T, . .., WILLIAM HOLMES. Hon. Sec. I Frampton Park Nursery, Hackney. goRTTCULTURAL CLUB, 37, X^dd ,.*"■?"• "-C. Prospectuses and all information given 3n apphcalion to H. HON Y WOOD DOM BRAIN, Sec. r5'\J^^°^'^^^7^His Excellency Pierre ^"fo^rdS'lb^pi^t) to" *""• "'" ^"^'"^""- They should , S. E. PIERRE WOLKENSTEIN, Secr^aire dc la SociiK •mpenale d Horticulture de Russie, St. Petersburg. c OR C H IDS. — Thousands of handsome Orchids in good plants can be supplied, at 35. 6d., $s , and Ts. 6d. each. An inspection is invited ; or by sending names of those already possessed, a good selection of other kinds will be made. WILLIAM BULL, F L.S,, Establishment for New and Rare Plants. King's Road, Chelsea. London, S.W. RIMSON CLOVE CARNATIONS.— 2oc>o fine plants for Sale. H . HARDING, B.igshol. pARNATIONS ami PICOTEES, fine V— ^ named sorts and g-'Kjl plants, 12J. per dozen pairs; PINKS. 6s. pT dozen pairs. Discount t) the trade. SAMUEL HARTLEY, Headingley Nurser}-, near Leeds. Dahlia Pot Roots. RAWLINGS BROTHERS, Romford, beg to offer a great variety. All over i-yr. old, 6s. per dozen. Mixtures, los per 100. Fit for Immediate Working. ROSAMANETTl and R. MULTIFLORA DE LA GRIFFERAIE, 25J. per 1000, jiito per 10,000. A. M. C. JONGKINDT CONINCK, Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, near 2wolle, Netherlands. Rhododendrons. HLANE AND SON have a splendid lot of • the best sorts, well set with bloom, to offer at very moderate prices. CATALOGUE on application. The Nurseries, Great Berkhamsted, Herts. TSAAC DAVIES' Sweet-scented RHODO- X DENDRONS will be in FULL BLOOM about the Second Week in April, the original Seedling Plants having from 150 to 300 flower-buds on each, and several hundreds of his young plants being covered with buds. Many other of his Novelties will also be in bioom about the same time. Inspection invited. Descriptive LIST on application. Brook Lane Nursery, Ormskirk, Lancashire. SCOTCH FIR, LARCH, Seedling and Transplanted, for sale cheap. Carriage paid to London. LEVAVaSSEUR and son. Nurserymen, Ussy (Calvados), France. LARCH, li to 2^ feet, 20s. per 1000, cash ; alder. 4 to 5 feet, 40^. per 1000. CHARLES BUTLER, Nurseries, Wellineton, Salop. Special Offer WM. AND D. STEWART have still to oflTer quantities of fine transplanted LARCH, ASH, and SYCAMORE. Height and prices on application. Ferndown Nurseries, Wimborne, Dorset. Special Offer.— Very Cbeap. SPRUCE, Norway, 100,000 twice trans- planted, I to 4 feet, tine tops and wiggy roots. Also PINUS AUSTRI ACA, in sires up to ^'/i feet. Apply to T. AND W. HOGG, Nurserymen, Castle Douglas, N. B. To the Trade. HOLLY, small lot, specially cheap, to clear : transplanted spring 1877 ; i to ij^ foot, 140s, per 1000 ; 1^2 to 2 feet, 2401. per 1000. Cash terms. JOHN NELSON, Nurseries, Heeley. near Sheffield. LACKTHORN for Covert Planting, one milibn of strong transplanted, loi. to i^s. per lOoo. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. rpo THE TRADE.— Special cheap offer of J- Seedling FOREST TREES, Sc. on application. W. P. LAIRD AND SINCLAIR. Nurserymen. Dundee, N.B. PPLE TREES ^i^ith MISTLETO growing on them. Price from js. 6J. to 21J. each RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen, Worcester. A Gentlemen's Gardeners, Amateurs, and Others KKQIHRING GARDEN POTS of best qu.ility, are requested to send their orders to J. MATTHEWS. Royal Pottery. Weston-super-Mare. ^ Price List on application. Ty-ANTED, ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA, » ' 2'A to 3 feet, handsome rjbust plants, perfectly sym- metrical, and with good roots ; recently removed. Give price per dozen, quantity, and all particulars to FRANCIS AND ARTHUR DICKSON and SONS, The Upton Nurseries, Chester. WANTED, a large quantity of good LYCOPODIUM. - Reply, stating quantity and price, to •' JOHN WILLS, Royal Exotic Nursery, South Kensington. London. W. o » "WANTED, Common HOLLY for Stocks. ' ' State quantity and price. DICKSONS and Co., 1, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh. ■Y\/"ANTED, a few thousand of Sir Charles T T Napier and Amateur STRAWBERRY PLANTS. State quantity and price to JOSUH H, BATH, Manor Farm, North Cray, Kent. H Five pARTER'S, the PREMIER, SEED p°^<\ V.^' HOUSE at the PARIS EXHIBITION. Medals, Illustrated Catalogues gratis and post-free. Awarded Paris, five GOLD MEDALS, including the only Gold '878. Medal for Grass Seeds. Caution. — No other English Seed House was awarded live Medals at the Paris Exhibition, and the Legion of Honour has not been awarded for Grass Seeds or English Seeds. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holborn, London, W.C. HAMPTON COURT BLACK HAM- BURGH VINE.— Stiong fruiting well ripened Canes of this well known Grape. 5^., js. 61I., and los. 6ii. each ; Planting Canes, 3^. tit. each. Also a good stock of most of the best kinds. T. JACKSON AND SON, Nurseries. Kingston, Surrey. LACK HAMBURGH VINES, and other leading sorts, in Fruiting and Planting Canes ; also a few strong CALADlUiMS, fine varieties, suitabk- for stock. F. R. KINGHORN, Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey. Vines -Vines— Vines. T COWAN, The Vineyard, Garston, near ?^ • Liverpool, is now offering a large and splendid stock of strong, short-jointed, and thoroughly ripened GRAPEVINES, suitable for fruiting in pots and planting Vineries. Catalogues free. The Trade supplied. To the Trade. THOMAS METHVEN and SONS have a large and fine Stock of strong transplanted SCOTCH FIR and PINUS LARICIO, and will be happy to send special quotations on application. Leith Walk Nurseries, Edinburgh. ARRISON'S New MUSK, very strong" Plants, 8r. per ico. Cash with order. TURNER BROTHERS, Garston, Liverpool. VERBENAS, VERBENAS, VERBENAS. — Fine, healihy, well-rooted Cuttings, perfectly free from disease, of White, Scarlet, Purple, and Pink. 6s. per 100 : 50J. per 1000. TOO rooted Cuttings in twelve splendid varieties. First Prize Flowers, for Ss. Terms cash. H. BLANDFORD. The Dorset Nurseries, Blandford, Pelargoniums. PELARGONIUS.— Strong healthy plants, in single pots, fit for immediate shifting, consisting of Show, French, and Fancy varieties, 35J. per 100, packing included. Cash with order. HOLDER AND SON, Crown Nurseries, Reading. Seeds of Superior Quality. WM. C U T B U S H AND SON beg to announce that their Illustrated CATALOGUE of Select Vegetable and Flower Seeds, &c., is now ready, and will be forwarded post-free on application. Highgate Nurseries, London, N., and Barnet, Herts. ~~ The Duchess of Connaught. A NEW ^,9 S E. -L^- Notwithstanding Shakespeare's dictum, " A Rose by any other name would smell as sweet," no Rose of recent introduction does smell as sweet as my new Rose, Duchess of Connaught. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. To the Trade. ROSES, fine Standard, leading varieties. Special prices on application to J.^MES DICKSON and SONS, Newton Nurseries. Chester, ROSES. — Standards, ^5 per 100; Half- Standards, 75.r. per loo ; on own roots, "j^s. per loo A LIST of 200 of the best varieties to select from. Trade price on application. H. LANE AND SON, The Nurseries. Berkhampstead. Herts. NEW ROSES for 1879.— A selection of the very best only ; the finest plants in the trade ; ready in March. LIST gratis, and post-free. Mr. H. BENNETT, Manor Farm. Stapleford, Salisbury. Now Ready. EWING AND COMPANY'S LIST of New Roses for 1879 is a most select one of the best New English and French varieties. Gratis and post-free to applicants. EWING AND CO., Eaton, near Norwich. Garden Seeds. CHARLES TURNER'S Descriptive CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, containing several interesting and valuable novelties. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. To Gardeners and Nursersrmen. Li'^OR SALE, sixty QUEEN FRUITING -L PINES.— Apply Mr. W.M, GRIEVE, Gardener, Rietterby House, Carlisle. ASPARAGUS, Giant, 2 and 3-yr. old.— • Several thousand fine transplanted stuff: cannot fail to give satisfaction. Price per loo or lo o on application to S. BIDE, Alma Nursery, Farnham, Surrey. OME-GROWN SEED POTATOS, free from disease : — Regents, Champions, Victories. Early Rose. Red-skin Flourball. Special quotations for large quantities Price on application. J. PEED AND SONS, Roup?!! Park Nurseries, Notwo'd Road, S.E. 358 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 22 1879, SALES BY AUCTION. Importations of Lilium auratum and L. Kramerl, in splendid condition. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C., on MONDAY, March 24, 5000 splendid bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM from Japan, including many of unusual size: and 2000 fine roots of LILIUM KRAMERI ; 1000 TIGRIDIA GRANDIFLORA, from New Jersey; importa- tions of DIONi^.A MUSCIPULA and SARRACENIA FLAVA, received direct from New Jersey; choice CYPRI- PEDIUMS, DISA GRANDIFLORA, and other hardy ORCHIDS, TREE FERNS, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. 3000 Odontoglossum Alexandrse. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from the New Plant and Bulb Company to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C., on TUESDAY". March 25, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a very extensive importation of ODONTO- GLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, all in superb condition ; also O. PESCATOREI, O. TRIUMPHANS, O. PHAL/E- NOPSIS. ONCIDIUM CUCULLATUM, the magnificent CATTLEYA GIGAS, and C. MENDELII, &c. This sale presents a grand opportunity to Gentlaman and the Nursery Trade to enrich their collections, all being ni splendid condition. On view the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Valuable Orchids, mostly in Flower. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Rev. J. B. Norman of Edgware, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY, March 27, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, 400 lots of first-class ORCHIDS from this well-known collection, including Masdevallias in flower, Odontoglossum Alexandrae, fine plants, in flower ; O. trium- phans, O. Pescatorei, O. sceptrum, Trichopilia suavis, Coelogyne conferla in flower; Oncidiums, many varieties in flower ; Cypripedium Dominianum, Dendrobiums in variety in flower ; Cymbidium Eburneum, in fljwer ; Lycaste Skinneri alba in flower; La;lia anceps Dawsoni, Catlleya exoniensis. and other varieties ; fine plants of Odontoglossum vexillariuni, and many Other varieties. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Cymbidium eburneum. Best Variety. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY, March 31, about 100 good strong established plants of this charmingly beautiful ORCHID. As is well known there are two or three varieties of this Orchid, but these plants are all of the most handsome kind ; see plant in blossom. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Lselia anceps alba. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY, March 31. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, some good established plants of the new and beautiful white-flowered Lslia, L^LIA ANCEPS ALBA. The Gardeners Chronkle, at p. 756, remarks of this new Laelia :— '' Its peculiar characteristic is the purity of its white flowers, which equal those of a Phalsenopsis, and whose texture may be compared to that of Lapag^ria alba ; it must be seen to be appreciated, there is something so captivating in its daziling whiteness." On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Ipsea speciosa. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY, March 31. about 40 good plants of the above. This pretty terrestrial ORCHID was exhibited in blossom at the last exhibition (March 11) of the Royal Horticultural Society, and was awarded a First-class Certificate. The plants offered have been introduced from Ceylon. It gives large bright yellow Dendrobium-like flowers, and is handsome and attractive. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Vanda Parisbt MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY, March 31, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., imported ORCHIDS from Burmah, consisting of fine plants, in the best possible condition, of the rare and lovely Vanda Parishi, Dendrobium crystallinum, D. Dalhousianum, D. Fytchianum, D. formosum giganteum, D. Devonianum, D. tortile, finest variety ; D. albo sanguinea, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Bolbophyllum Beccarii. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Mr. William Bull, of Chelsea, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY, March 31, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, some good plants of the above very extra- ordinary NEW ORCHID, introduced from New Borneo, unquestionably one of the most remarkable plants of recent introduction. A description of it, from the pen of Professor Reichenbach. appeared in the Gardeners* Chronicle, January 11, 1879. It has grand broadly ovate leaves someihin^ like 18 inches long by 12 inches broad, and as " thick as a board." The flowers are very remarkable, handsome and highly attrac- tive, of a light brownish colour painted with violet, with rich violet-coloured labellum. On view momine; or Sale, and Catalogues had. Leamington. The Arboretum, close to two Railway Stations. IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of Choice Evergreen SHRUBS and TREES. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The Arboretum, by order of Mrs. Hitchman, on THURSDAY, March 27, at 12 o'Clock punctually, collections of unrivalled specimen Hardy CONIFER/E and EVERGREENS ranging all sizes, in fine condition for removal and which were carefully prepared last spring, consisting of handsomely trained and symmetrically grown plants admirably adapted for immediate effect. May be viewed and Catalogues obtained on application to Messrs. FIELD and SONS. Solicitors, Leamington ; of Mr. F. PERKINS, 51, Regent Street, Leamington ; and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.G. Important Sale of about 200 Choice Double CamelUas, 2 to 4 feet, English-grown, in perfect health, well set ; fine AZALEA INDICA and other GREENHOUSE PLANTS ; a superb assortment of 500 handsome Standard and Dwarf ROSES of the best varieties ; selected FRUIT TREES, hardy CONIFER/E SHRUBS and AMERI- CAN PLANTS, with some fine Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City Auction Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C, on TUESDAY, March 25. at 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.C. ; and Leytonstone, E. Brixton, S.W. About ten minutes' walk from two Stations, and 3 miles from Covent Garden. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, on SATURDAY, March 29, at 1 for 2 o'Clock punctually, in one lot, the BENEFICIAL INTEREST in the LEASE of the Grove Nursery, Russell Road, North Brixton, S.W. —eighteen years' unexpired, at the exceedingly low rent of Cl> per annum, with Six Greenhouses, Ranges of Pits. Cart-shed and Stabling standing thereon. At the same time will be SOLD the whole of the NU RSE RY STOCK, comprising about 3000 Evergreens and Coniferai Shrubs, Flowering and Forest Trees in variety, fine Pyramid and Dwarf Fruit Trees, Standard and other Roses, &c. May be viewed. Catalogues may be had on the Premises ; and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, London, E.C, and Leytonstone, E. Wanstead, Essex. Near George Lane Station. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, by order of Mr Tripp, en the Premises, The Nursery, Tavistock Road, on SAfUKUAV, March 29, at half-past 12 o'Clock, a quantity of well-grown EVERGREENS and other SHRUBS in great variety: clan grown FRUIT TREES. Standard ROSES in choice assort- ment, and ISO lots of GREENHnUSE PLANTS, in- cluding Camellias, Heaths. Lily of the Valley, Begonias. &c. On view. Catalogues on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers. Leytonstone, E., and gS, Gracechurch Street, E.C. GREAT CLEARING SALE of NURSERY STOCK, Perryhill Nursery, Aberdeen. — In conse- quence of the death of Mr. Roy. the whole Stock is to be SOLD off without reserve by PUBLIC ROUP on FRIDAY, March 28, at n o'Clock. The Stock is extensive. Catalogues to be had on application to Messrs. COLLIE, Advocates, Aberdeen, Agents for Mr. Roy's Executors, or to the Auctioneer. JOHN WILSON, Auctioneer. Aberdeen. Harlington and Cranford, Middlesex. About 13 miles from Covent Garden Market. To MARKET GARDENERS, FRUIT GROWERS, and OTHERS. MR. E. P. NEWMAN, will SELL by AUCTION, at the "Coach and Horses " Inn, Harling- ton, near Hounslow. on WEDNESDAY, April 9. at 2 o'Clock, the LEASE and INTEREST in 20 acres of thriving young FRUIT PLANTATION and S acres of open MARKET GARDEN GROUND, the whole in good heart and condition. The Lease has several years to run, and is held at a low rental. Particulars can be obtained of R. H. HARRIS, Esq., 46, Finsbury Circus, E.C. ; and of the Auctioneer and Market Garden Valuer, High Street. Uxbridge, and Hillingdon, Middlesex. ESSRS. CAPES, UUNN and PILCHER, of Manchester, have the honour to announce that in pursuance of instructions from T. M. Shuttleworth, Esq., they will SELL by AUCTION, at Howick House. Preston, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, April 15 and 16. without the slightest reserve, punctually at 12 o'Clock each day, the unique and valuable COLLECTION of STOVE and GREEN- HOUSE SPECIMEN EXHIBITIpN PLANTS, compris- ing fine-foliaged plants, Azaleas, Gleichenias, Tree and other Ferns (Britisli and Exotic), Orchids, Ericas, Croton;, Palms, and Cycads, embracing many noble and matchless specimens. Also three Exhibition Vans, in perfect condition. Catalogues may be now had from the Auctioneers. The Plants will be on view on Wednesday and Thursday, April 9 and 10, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 6 p.m., by card only, obtainable from the Auctioneers or from Mr. Shuttle* worth. Refreshment tent on the ground each day. Stable accommodation at the Fleece Inn, within five minutes' walk of Howick House. Omnibuses each morning and evening to and from the Sale, starting from W. Harding & Co.'s Yard, Fisher- gate, Preston, facing the Railway Station. The Public will be admitted to the Grounds and Gardens on the days of Sale at 9 A.M. by the Farm entrance, beyond the Lodge Gate. Mr. Shuttleworth will be happy to recommend H. THORN- BER, his HEAD GARDENER, to any Gentleman requiring a first-class Stove and Greenhouse Plantsman. Trial Ground. WANTED TO HIRE, about TWO ACRES of LAND, for a Trial Garden ; must be in good heart and condition, and easy of access to the city. — Apply with full particulars to ALFRED LEGERTON, Seed Merchant, 5, Aldgate. London. E. OR SALE, by Private Bargain, a NURSERY and SEED BUSINESS. — Tte Busi- ness of Galloway S: Graham, Nurserymen and Seedsmen, carried on at 13S, Queen Street. Glasgow, with Nurseries at Old Kilpatrick, is offered for Sale, on account of the death of Mr. Galloway. The Stock at present is valued at ;£iS32 g.?. sd. The firm have had a large connection. The Nurseries are favourably situated, and the stock is in good condition for a profitable Business being in prospect. — Further information can be obtained on application to the Subscribers, with whom Offers are to be lodged on or before March 26. MOORE AND BROWN, C.A., 128. Hope Street, Glasgow. FOR SALE, seventy years' unexpired LEASE of about FOUR ACRES of LAND, having 10,000 feet of good Glass-houses upon it well stocked with Vines in splendid bearing [condition ; situated centrally for the best markets in Lancashire. Houses alone cost about ^looo. Advertiser, not knowing the business, will accept £,^oo, or best offer over. Immediate entry. — Apply by letter, R. W., Smith , & Sods, Bookstall, £xchang« Station, Liverpool B To FLORISTS and GARDENERS.— Well ESTABLISHED BUSINESS. Good Vineries, Cucumber-houses, Conservatory, Dwelling-house, and Seed Shop. Improving neighbourhood. Long lease ; low rent. Close to railway station. For further particulars apply to SHALLEN AND BUUDS, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, opposite Blackheath Railway Station ; and Kent Auction Rooms, Greenwich, S. E. Borough of Wolverhampton. To LANDSCAPE GARDENERS. THE PARK and BATHS COMMITTEE of the Corporation of Wolverhampton invite DESIGNS for Laying-out the Interior of a proposed PUBLIC PARK, about 47 acres in extent, at an expenditure not exceeding ;t5ooo, A Lithograph Plan and printed General Instructions and Conditions may be obtained from Mr. G. Eastlake Thorns, C.E., the Borough Engineer, at his Offices, Town Hall, on and after the 2cth inst., on payment of One Guinea, which will be returned on receipt o{ bona/ide Design. The Commitlee offer Premiums of Cl>o arid ;C?5 for the best and second best designs respectively. No premiums will be paid unless the woiks can be carried out for the sum named— ;£5ooo. If the competitor obtaining such first-named premium is employed to carry out the work the premium shall merge in his commission, the rate of such commission to be hereafter agreed upon by the Committee. Designs, accompanied in each case by specification and detailed estimate, under Motto, must be left at the said Offices not later than 12 noon, on SATURDAY, May 3, next, addressed to " The Chairman of the Park and Baths Com- mittee." H. UNDERBILL, Town Clerk. Town Hall, Wolverhampton, March 12. "aTH and WESTof ENGLAND SOCIETY (Established 1777) and SOUTHERN COUNTIES ASSOCIATION. EXETER MEETING, JUNE i, 4, 5 and 6, ENTRIES of LIVE STOCK. IMPLEMENTS, &c.. CLOSE APRIL 16, after which date no Fee or Entries can be received. POULTRY ENTRIES CLOSE MAY I. Forms and all information supplied on application to JOSIAH GOODWIN, Sec. 4, Terrace Walk, Bath. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, HORTI- CULTURAL, MARKETGARDENand EsTATE AUCTIONEERS and Valuers. 98, Gracechurch Street, City, E.C, and at LeytoD. stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, Fruit Trees, Roses, ftc THE LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, respectfully request the attention of intending planters to their most extensive and superior stock of the above. CATALOGUES on application. M' ANETTI STOCKS.— A few thousands, of fine quality, still to offer. QUINCE STOCKS, also, very fine. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. OR SALE, fine SPECIMEN PALMS and FERNS— all in good healthy condition ;— Areca Bauerii, Areca lutescens, Carludovica palmala, Euterpe edulis, Daemonorops palembanicus, Kentia australis, Kentia Beloio- reana. Dicksonia antarctica, and Todea spicana. Apply THE GARDENS, 33A, Turner Road. Lee, near Black- heath, S.E. To the Trade. ASH, ELM, SYCAMORE, BIRCH, BEECH, OAK, ALDER. POPLAR, fine trees. 6,8, 10, 12, 15. and 18 feet. Weymouth PINE, 3, 4, 5. and 6fe«(| well fvirnished Plants. Apply to JAMES DICKSON and SONS, Newton Nui^eries, Chester. UTTON'S MAGNUM BONUM POTATOS, loi. Der cwt. Apply to W. W. PE ARCE, Measham, Atherstone. s c Fine Autumn Sown ABBAGE PLANTS, Nonpareil and Early Battersea. BRUSSELS SPROUTS. Scotch and Curled KALE. Price on application to J. BOWEN, Plant Grower, High Wycombe. SEEDLING LARCH, i-yr., extra fine. SCOTCH FIR, Native, i-yr. and a-yr. Seedlmg, ejitra fine. Samples and prices on application. LITTLE AND BALLANTYNE, Knowefield Nurseries, Carlisle. To be Sold, a Bargain, a Few Large SPECIMEN AZALEAS, CLERODEN- DRON, and PANDANUS. These are all Show Plants, and in the finest condition. Apply to J. MUMFORD, Elmstead Grange, Chiselhurst, Kent Just published, free on application, a complete DESCRIPTIVE PRICED LIST of our unrivalled Collection of Tuberous BEGONIAS. Awarded Gold Medal at South Kensington, and First Prize at Preston.— JOHN LAING and CO.. Forest Hill, S.E. ^ UICKS, 50,000 3-yr. transplanted, from 3 to 4 feet, for Sale. RICHARD CRUST and SON, Spalding, Lincolnshire. Q CAMELLIAS.— To be Sold, the Property of a Gentleman, lo Trees in Bloom, imbricated varieties, all true to name, averaging 6 feet high. Can be seen by applying to the HEAD GARDENER, Loampit Hill House, Lewisham, S.E. pARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES. \^ — A grand stock of the above, very fine plants, consisting of the choicest varieties in cultivation. For descriptions and prices see New CATALOGUE of Florists' Flowers, fret on application. THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries. Tottenham London. ArARCH 22, 1879,] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 359 MILES' NEW HYBRID SPIRAL MIGNONETTE.— This being the best time to sow I beg to offer from the original stock, at ij. per paclcet, or 12J. per dozen. The usual allowance to the trade. WILLIAM MILES, West Brighton Nurseries, Cliflonville, Sussex. To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to give • special quotations for their fine selected stocks of home-Krown MANGEL WURZEL, and SWEDE and other TURNIP SEEDS of 1878 growth, and raised from transplanted Bulbs. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech, ARDY HEATHS.— 60,000 good plants, in great variety — fine for Edging. Bedding, Covering Banks or raised mounds. The prices, which are very low, will be found in the CATALOGUE, free per post. JAMES SMITH, Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. ODEAS.— Healthy young plants of T. superba and T. hymenophylloides (pellucida), free and safe by post. is. td. each for prepayment. Trade price (low) per 100. or lesser quantities, on application. ROBERT SIM, Sidcup Hill Nursery, Foot's Cray, Kent. Roses, Fruit Trees, &c. WILLIAM FLETCHER'S CATALOGUE for the present season is now ready, and may be had on application. The stock is very large and most healthy. The Ottershaw Nursery. Chertsey. Hazel— Scotch Fir. J GEO. HILL has a quantity of Strong • HAZEL, 3 to 3;^ feet ; also Scotch FIR, 2 to 1% feet, to offer on very liberal terms for cash, J. GEO. HILL (late Scott), The Royal Nurseries, Merriat, Somerset. Carnations and Ficotees. CHARLES TURNER is now prepared to supply the above in tine Plants and in great variety. This is the best thing for planting to ensure a good bloom of these popular flowers. CATALOGUES on application. The Royal Nurseries, Slough ENTISH FRUIT TREES of every description, at extraordinary low prices. Send for Special LIST to T. EVES, Gravesend Nurseries. Established 1810. SURPLUS STOCK.— 50,000 MANETTI STOCKS. Gloire de Dijon, Che^hunt Hybrid, and Ce'!ine Forestier ROSES. Prices on application to EWING AND CO.. Eaton, near Norwich. GLASTONBURY or HOL^TH ORR^ Strong plants of above, 3 to 4 feet high, vts. 6d. each. Always blossoms at Christmas. J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Mernott, Somerset. To the Trade, &c. ASPARAGUS, GIAiNT. — Splendid Roots for Planting, in immense quantity. EWING AND CO.. Norwich. To the Trade. ASPARAGUS, Giant, i, 2, 3, and 4-year. JAMES BIRD. Nurseryman. Duwnham. SPARAGUS, ASPARAGUS, Giant. — Strong roots, 2-yr. old, \s. 6d. per loo, los. per loco. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. (CHAMPION POTATO is acknowledged \^ to be, both in Kent and Scotland, the best Farmer's or Field Potato : most reliable in all soils and seasons, and its extended cultivation yearly is most marvellous. Price per ton on application. H . O R M S B V , Swanley, Kent. 'T'HE CHAMPION POTATO.— -*- Fine samples, for Seed, of this and other leading kinds. Prices on application to The LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited), t, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh. EBB'S CHOICE POLYANTHUS AND OTHER SPRING PLANTS. Early orders are solicited for the above choice plants. Apply to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBe'rTS AND OTHER NUTS. Persons desirous of obtaining Trees of the above, grown by the late R. Webb, of Calcot, should give early orders to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. CATALOGUES post-free on application. XPNGLISH YEWS.-Extra transplanted and J-i well furnished, 3 to 4 feet, gj. per dozen, 60s. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet, izs. per dozen, gos. per ico. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34. Drapery Northampton. *' 3, (^OLD MEDAL BEGONIAS.— Seed saved VJ< from our unrivalled collection of named varieties in sealed packets, is. 6d. and m. id. post-free. Special offers to the Trade. JOHN LAING AND CO., Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E. OEED POTATOS.-The Advertiser has for KJ Sale several tons of each of the following varieties:^ Rivers Roya Ashleaf, Myatfs Ashleaf. Early Shaw. Snow- '"''.'•,,.P°"?'^s Excelsur, Redskin Flourball, Fluke, Pater- ^?»^*J '^'°"^- Regent, and Champion. Prices (low) on applica- JOSIAH H. BATH, i, York Street, Borough Market, S.E. 'T'HUJOPSIS BOREALIS, fol. var.— One of ,r"„ c .i^^"'^ ''"",• ''"''y Conifers, fine strong plants, ?Sa'J"x,'"^I',V^'-'"''"'8^P" dozen. Apply to JEAN N. VERSCHAFFELT, The Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium. ' A SPARAGUS.— The noted Gravesend Giant T l?vrl"r >'■ S'™'!!, 3yr..old, v. per ,00. i. KVES, Gravesend Nurseries, Established i8to. E. S. WILLIAIS' PRIZE MEDAL FLOWER SEEDS. POST-FREE. PRIMULA SINENSIS FIMBRIATA COC- CINEA, new, 51, and 35. td. per packet. Awarded two First-class Certificates by the Royal Horticul- tural and Roya! Botanic Societies. Prove Mr. E. Hillman, Gr. , Fenny Hall, March 11. 1879. " I have been very much pleased with your new Primula coccinea, so much so that I gave a note of it in the Garden some weeks since. I consider it well worthy the name of * coccinea.' " PRIMULA SINENSIS FIMBRIATA, Williams' superb strain, red, white, or mixed, 5J., -^s. 6d.y 2S. 6d. and is. 6d. per packet. The above Primulas were awarded a Silver Medal by the Royal Horticultural Society, February 11, 1879. From Mr. Johnson, Derby, March 12, 1879. •' Please send me the seeds I liave written down. The last Primulas were splendid." CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTEUiM RUBRUM, new, 5^. and 35. ^d. per packet. CYCLAMEN PERSICUM GIGANTEUM, <=^s. and js. 6d. per packet. The above Cyclamen have been awarded First class Certifi- cates by the Royal Horticultural and Koyal Botanic Societies. 9 CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, Williams' superb strain, ^s., 35-. 6^., 2s. €>d. and \s. 6.f. per packet. CALCEOLARIA, Williams' superb strain, finest mi.ved, 51., 3^-. 6d., 2s. 6d. and js. 6d. per packet. Frjut H. Mavgood, Esq., Coombe House, JuneZ, 1878. " Will you send me a packet of your supeib strain of Calceo- laria ? 1 have a splendid collection of tlowers from the packet I had last year, none equal to them in the neighbourhood." CINERARIA, Weatherill's extra choice strain, 5.1 , 3^. td., 2s. 6d., and is 6d. per packet. From E. Croker, Esq., The Grange. March 9, 1879. "Please send me seeds named on the other side. My Cinerarias from your seed this year are very fine." BEGONIA, New Bedding, finest mixed, tuberous rooted, 2s, 6d. per packet. From Mr. R. CAMrBELL, Udca, l/.V., yannary i6^iZ;g. '' Please send the enclosed seed order as soon as possible. The Begonias 1 have raised fion\ the seed purchased liom you surpass anything 1 have ever seen or dreamt of," SOLANUM HYBRIDUM, Empress, new, 2S. 6d. pel packet. VIOLA CORNUTA, Loveliness, new, 2s. 6d. per packet. COLLECTIONS OF CHOICE VEGETABLE SEEDS For One Ve.tr's Supply, lOs. 6d., 21s., 12s., 63s., and 84a. ILLUSTRATED SEED CATALOGUE POST-FREE All Se3d3 of 20s. value Carriage Free. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. FOREST TREES, Seedling and Trans- planted.— The very extensive stock of the above is this season in splendid condition. CATALOGUES on application. The Lawson Seed and Nursery Company (Limited) Edinburgh, Mangel Seed. TOHN SHARPE is now prepared to make tj special low offers to the Trade of highly selected Stocks, 1878 growth, from exhibition Bulbs. Bardney Manor, Lincoln. To the Trade. NEW POTATO, " PRIDE of ONTARIO." Hand F. SHARPE are now sending out • the above most prolific and handsome shaped new Potato. Full description and price may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Special Cheap Offer. To SEEDSMEN, MARKET GARDENERS, and OTHERS PEA, Jeyes' or Payne's Conqueror. About 30 quarters. Handpicked, 155. per bushel; ii2j, per quarter. Samples on application to W. BALL AND CO., Bedford Road Nursery, Northampton. Florists' Flowers. T FORBES' CATALOGUE for 1879 ^ • (50 pages) of all the newest and best Carnations, Picotees, Pinks, Geraniums, Fuchsias, Pansies, Phloxes, Pent- stemoiis, Antirrhinums, Begonias, Verbenas, &c., is now ready, and may be had free on application. The Nurseries, Hawick, N.E, Good Things. JOHN MOGFORD, Exporter of CAPE ^ BULBS, can supply the 'J'rade with all the leading kinds, DISA GRANDIFLOKA, &c. 10, Camp Street Gardens, Cape Town. ANGEL and SWEDE, Choice Stocks.— We can ofTer our thoroughly guaranteed Stock', in 1878 harvest of above, at very low prices to the trade. SANDER AND CO . Seed Growers, St. Alb.ins. Vines -Vines -Vines. 1. WILLIAMS begs to announce that his stock of VINES is thu year unusuilly fine, and comprises all the leading kinds, including " Alnwick Seedling." For descriptions and prices, see B. S. W.'s BULB CATA- LOGUE for this year. Victoria and Paradise Nur.ieries, Upper HoUoway, London, N. To the Trade. QEED POTATOS.— Our SPECIAL LIST, ^^ containing all the best English and American varieties, grown by us the past season, may now be had, post-free, on application. H. AND F. SHARPE. Seed Growers, Wisbech. Verbenas in Single Pots. WILLIAM BADMAN offers clean, healthy, Purple King, Crimson King, and Le Grand Boule de Neige (finest white), in single pots, 125. per 100 Twelve choice Show kinds, in pots, \^s. per 100. Packing included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. Verbenas from Store Pots. WILLIAM BADMAN offers clean, healthy, well-rooted cuttings of Purple, White, Scarlet, Crimson, and Rose Verbenas, 6j. per 100 ; 50J. per 100-3, Twelve choice Show Varieties, 8^. per 100. Package mcluded. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. Special Offer of Pelargoniums. WILLIAM BADMAN offers Mrs. Pollock, 15J. per 100; Vesuvius, -js. per 100, 6o,t. per 1000; Master Christine and Madame Vaucher, \os. per loj ; Silver variegated May Queen and Crystal Palace Gem, los. per loo, Packmg included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. TyrAHONIA AQU I FOLIA. — Transplanted, -^^-'- 6 to 12 inches, 125. per 1000 ; i to 1J2 foot, 20s. per 1000. B. THOMAS Northampton. PERKINS AND SONS, 34, Drapery, FRUITING PLANTS of PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS, and GRAPE VINES, a large and fine stock, now offered for Sale. THOMAS RIVERS and SON, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. HE DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of FRUIT TREES is now ready, and will be forwarded, free by post, on receipt of three penny stamps. CATALOGUES of ROSES and ORCHARD-HOUSE TREES post-free on application. THOMAS RIVERS and SON, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. TULES DE COCK, Nurseryman, O Ghent, Belgiura, ofTers AZALEA JNDICA of all sizes, AZALEA MOLLIS, and A. PONTICA ; CAMELLIAS, DEUTZIA GRACILIS, UIELVTRA SPECTABILIS, SPIR^A JAPO.VICA, PALMS for Table use, DRAC^NAS. tERNS, and YUCCA VARIEGATA. CATALOGUES free on application. A LTERNANTHERAS of Sorts, fi^ -^-1- Stores, 8j. per 100, or 70.?. per 1000. Orders now booked and executed in rotation. LIsT of Carpet and other Bedding Plants free 0 ppUcation, Terms casli. WILLIAM MILES, West Brighion Nurseries, Cliftonville, Sussex. Paul's Roses. WAI. PAUL AND SON'S stock of ROSES is large, of excellent quality, and uninjured by frost. Standard?, 15^. per dozen and upwards ; Dwarfs, <^s. per duzen ; Climbers, ts. per dozen. Priced Desciiptive CATALOGUES free by post. Paul's Nurseries, Walih;im CroiS, N. c Now Ready. RANSTON AND CO.S TRADE LIST of NEW ROSES for 1879. Kind's Acre Nurseries, near H' reford. 36o THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. fMARCH 22, 1879. To the Trade. EDWARD HOLMES, Whittingtoii Nursery, Lichfield, offers Giant and Connover's Colossal ASPA- RAGUS, 2-yr., fine. Price on application. ^ STEPHANOTIS for Sale (being two large for present houses).— Fine specimen from gardens at Beaufront Castle. Well-established plant : 32 feet long. Inspection allowed, and offers received by Mr. GLAYDUN, Gardener, Cookham Lodge. Cookham, Berks. Green and Variegated Ivies of Sorts. Large and small-leaved, in eight kinds. ROBERT PARKER, having a surplus stock of fine plants in pots of the above-named, will he pleased to dispose of them in quantities, at very low prices. Names, sizes, and prices per dozen, 100 or looc, will te given on application. Exotic Nursery, Tooting, Surrey, S.W. SCOTCH FIR, native, 2-yr., at {fi per loo.ooo ; Common and Smooth White ALDER, BEECH, and SPRUCE, Seedlings, and 3-yr. LARCH: all to be sold cheap. WM. KIERNAN, Nurseryman, Summerhill, Enfield. Ireland. SPARAGUS PLANTS, Giant, the best that money can procure, all certain to grow, is. 6d. per 100 This delicious vegetable does not require halt the expense visually incurred in planting it. See Richard Smith's SEED LIST for i87g. H xtra Strong SK AKALE, 2S. per dozen. RICHARD SMITH, Nur.eryman, Worcester. ENDER~AND SONS' strain of large- flowering PETUNIAS, the finest in cultivation, flowers of great substance regularly mottled and striped, scarcely any selt-coloured flowers among them, very dwarf habits and free flowering. Sealed packet, 250 seeds, 25. — Nursery, Plymouth. K DENNY'S ZONAL PELARGO- NIUMS, Sixth Set.— This series will consist of the six splendid varieties that were awarded the Premier Prize for •' six varieties not in commerce, florists' class," at the Pelargo- nium Society's Exhibition of tSyS. Descriptive CATALOGUES forwarded on application to Mr. JOHN BALAAM, Vine Nursery, Hackney Downs Read, Lower Clapton, N.E. UCUBA JAPONICA, 2 to 2\ feet, and bushy, 505. per too. YEW, English, 2 to 4, 5 antl 6 feet. 30^,, 60s , 75^., 8or. per too. DAPHNE CNEORUM MAJUS, good, and well set with bloom, from 35s. per loo. LAURELS, Portugal. 4 to 6 feet. ARTHUR KNOWLES (successor to the lale William Collyer), Nurseryman, Horsell, Surrey, near Woking Station. Plnus Larlcio. CORSICAN PINE.— For prices of this valuable Pine, which is seldom eaten by rabbits — never if they can get anv other food— apply to JAMES SMITH. Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. VERGREEN OAKS.— A large quantity for ssle, 4 feet, 5 feet, 6 feet, 7 feet, and 8 feet, at ex- ceptionally low prices ; also Standards, 6 feet stems, good heads. Prices on application to J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. CALCEOLARIA, Golden Gem.— Strong healthy autumn-struck, 6s. per 100, 50^. per 1000. GERANIUM, Vesuvius. — Strong, from stores, 8.r. per 100. Package free, cash. W. FIELD, Tarvin Rond Nursery, Chester. ELARCiONIUM V O L U N T E NATIONAL. —The most beautiful large-flowered Geranium ever introduced. Good Plants, 3^-. 6d. each ; free by po^t, 35. gri. FRKF.RRICK PERKINS, Nurseryman, Regent Street, I«eamington. To the Trade ROLLISSON'S TELEGRAPH CUCUMBER (true). J GEO. HILL has a quantity of above, true • stock, and offers it at a low rate considering the quality. Also GOLDEN PERFECTION MELUN-no other varieties grown. Price on application to J. GEO. HILL (late Scott), The Royal Seed Stores. Yoevil. STANDARD ROSES. — Clean, straight stems, with good heads and well rocted. of leading varie- ties only. List of sorts and prices on application to FREDERICK PERKINS, Nurseryman, Regent Street, Leamington. VERBENAS. — 50,000 now ready for Sale. All good, strong, spring-struck plants, perfectly free from all disease, of Purple Kmg. Scarlet, While, and Pink, 6s. per 100. Twenty other good exhibition varieties, true to name, 85. per 109. Package free for cash. Also strong healthy Cuttings of the above at half-price : free by post. S. BIDE, Alma Nursery, Farnham, Surrey. Hardy Florists' Flowers. THOMAS S. WARE'S SPRING CATA- LOGUE of the above for the present year is now ready, containing a good list of Novelties, and including selections of choicest varieties of Carnations and Picotees, Chrysanthemums, Delphiniums. Pansies, Phloxes, Pyrethrums, and other.families. Free on application. Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London. Planting Season. E BURGESS begs to offer the following: — • Strong Standard PEARS, Standard-trained APRI- CO IS, Turkey and English OAK, English and Scotch ELMS. LIMES up to 12 feet. BEECH up to 7 feet, and a general Nursery Stock. Prices on application. The Nurseries, London Road, Cheltenham. JULES DE COCK, Nurseryman, Ghent, ^ Belgium, offers to the Trade Seedlings in store pots— Areca lutescens, 405. per 100; Areca rubra, 30J. per 100; Chamaerops excelsa, 8j. per 100: Cocos Weddelliana, loar. per 100 ; Corypba australis, ■20s. per ico ; Euterpe eduHs, 25^-. per 100 ; Latania borbjnica, 8y. per 100 ; Pandanus utilis, 25^. per 100 ; Phcenix recHnata, \6s. per 100 : Phccnix tenuis, J2S. per 100 ; Seaforthia elegans, 25J. per 100 ; Thrinax elegans, 3?^. per loo ; Aralia Sieboldii, 6.r. per loa; Dracaena indivisa, 6f. per ICQ. TILIES FOR BEDS -Lj and groups. LILIUM AURATUM, by the dozen, hundred or thousand. at 9//., \s., and is. 6d. each. LILIUM KRAMERI. by the dozen, hundred or thou5.ind, at IS. 6d. and 2S. td. each. LILIUM SZOVITZIANUM. by the dozen, hundred or thousand, at ir., i^. td., and is. 6d. each. LILIUM TIGRINUM FORTUNEI, by the dozen, hundred or thousand, at gd. and is. each. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants. King's Road. Chelsea, London. S.W. T3RIMROSES and POLYANTHUS are Real Gems of Spring. SINGLE PRIMROSES. Auriculse flora, is. each, 95. doz. Lavender, 4s. per dozen. Mauve Queen, is. each. Magenta Queen, ^s. per dozen. Purity, white, 3J. dor., 20s. io3. Yellow, 4s. per dozen. DOUBLE PRIMROSES. Crimson or Velvet, 2s. each. I^avender, 41. per doien. Purple, IS. each. White, 41. per dozen. Yellow, 3 per dozen. Rose, i(, 6.^. each. One each of the above 72 varieties, post or package free. 8s. td. BEDDING POLYANTHUS. Single Varieties. Henry Hooper, 6s. per dozen. Golden Queen, 6s. per doien. ,, Plover, ij. each. Magenta King, 4s. per dozen. White Perfection, 6^.perdo7en. Hose-in-Hose Queen, 6j. doz. ,, Crimson, 1^. each. Hose-in-Hose, Yellow, \s. each. ,, Jack-on-Ape, 6s. per doz. Double Varieties. Amarantha pleno, is. 6/. each. Arthur du Moulin, 25 6(/. each. Theodore Rex, 91. per dozen. One each of the above 12 varieties, post or package free, los. 6d. Trade price on application. Post-office Orders piyable FREDERICK PERKINS, Nurseryman, Regent Street, Leamngton. SWEET V I O L K 1' S. BLANDYANUM. Double. BELLE DE CHATENAY, new. KING OF VIOLETS, Double. MARIE LOUISE, be»t Double. NEAPOLITAN. Double. REINE DES VIOLETS, Double. NEAPOLITAN, Single. WHITE CZAR. VIOLET CZAR. VICTORIA REGINA, best Single. The above are large clumps, suitable for potting, forcing, or forming beds and clumps in flower gardens ; ts. per dozen, 40^. per 100. PRINCESS MARIE DE SAVOY, new, 3r. 6d. each. PATRIE, IJ. each. One plant each rz vars. free by post, -js. td. Trade LIST on application. P. O. O. payable to FREDERICK PERKINS, Regent Street, Leamington. G EG. J ACKM AN & SON, (Established 1810,) Cultivators of FRUIT and FOREST TREES, Evergreen and Flowering TREES and SHRUBS, ROSES, RHODODENDRONS, Conifers and Hardy Climbers. THE CLEMATIS A SPECIALITY. Descriptive Priced Catalogues free. WOKING NTTBSEBY, SURBET. Cheap Plants by 100 or 1000. WILLIAM B ADMAN offers the following Plants at very low prices for cash. The present is a good time to repair any losses sustained during the winter. VERBENAS, purple, white, scarlet rose and crimson, 6s. per 100, soj. per 1000, or from single pots, \2S. per 100, \s. 6d. per dozen. Twelve choice show sorts, 8.r. per 100. LOBELIA Emperor William and Bluestone, two of the very best, 2S. td. per lOo, 20s. per 1000. CALCEOLARIA Golden Gem, best yellow, 5^-. per 100, 50^^. per 1000; Kayii, yellow, 4^. per 100. PELARGONIUMS. Vesuvius and lean Sisley. best scarlets, "js. per 103, 60s. per 1000 ; Madame Vaucher and Virgo Marie, fine white, los. per 100 : Master Christine, best bedding pink, xos. per 100; Striped Vesuvius (New Life), 6j. per dozen, aos. per loo ; White Vesuvius, 6s. per dozen, 451. per 100 ; Dr. Denny, nearest to blue, the best Zonal of 1878, 9J. per dozen. ,, Silver variegated. May Queen and Flower of Spring, 10s. per 100; Prince Silverwings and Waltham Bride, 15^ per 100. ,, Gold-leaf. Crystal Palace Gem, 10s. per 100 ; Happy Thought, isj'. per 100. „ Tricolor, Mrs. Pollock, 15*. per 100 ; other good sorts, as Sir R. Napier, \Zs. per 100. ,, Double. Smith's Wonderful, good plant;, 15J. per loo, or from stores, ns. per 100; Madame Thibaut, finest double pink, 125. per 100. AGERATUM, Imperial Dwarf, $5. per iod. COLEUS and IRESINE LINDENI, o-imsoD, dr. per 100, SOS. per 1000. HELIOTROPIUM, light and dark, 6s. per 100, s^s. per 1000. DAHLIAS, all the be^t sorts. 15J. per 100. CENTAUREA CANDIDISSIMA, i8y. per 100. Note : 25 of any sort can be had at 100 rate. Packing included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursey, Gravesend. To the Trade. SPECIAL PRICES ON APPLICATION GEORGE COOPER, Seed Merchant, Hertford, begs to offer the following, of the choicest Slocks : — BEET. Red.Cooper'sEicelsior I ONION, White Spanish BROCCOLI. Hill's June | „ White Globe CUCUMBER, Improved Tele- I ., Bedfordshire Champion graph [Matchless i CELERY, Cooper's Improved PARSLEY. Curled, Cooper's i White SWEDE, Cooper's Improved BROMPTON STOCK, Large Purple-top ' Giant Scarlet TURNIP, Improved Aberdeen CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, Green-top Yellow from large flowers. New Catalogue for 1879. WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, The Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham, Cheshire, will have great pleasure in sending their Descriptive LIST on application. Their stock of Florist Flowers, Bedding and Soft-wooded Plants generally, is surpassed by very few, if any, either in extent or quality, all the newest and best varieties being constantly added to the various classes, and the greatest care is taken to keep the varieties true to name. Another great advantage to purchasers is that none of the plants offered are taken from a warm pro- pagating house and sent off immediately, but are all carefully liardened, and most of them potted off singly, and thereby fitted for transit by rail or post without the slightest injury. A great proportion of the undermentioned are autumn-struck plants and can be had in pots if required, and all in variety of sorts and' colours. All good for exhibition or home decoration. Our selection. Per doz. — s. d. Abutilons, in variety . . i 6 | Achimenes I Our selection. Per doz.— j. rf. ' ■■ - Iriih Ageratumi, small plants, per loo, 5^. ., .. I o Ageratums, in pots, per loo, isr. . . .. 26 Antirrhinums .. .. 36 Azalea indica, 9;. . . 60 o Begonias, tuberous, from 4J. to .. . . . . 18 o See Catalogue : our col- lection is very fine. Begonias, other kinds .. 30 Bouvardias, 4s. and . . 60 Caladiums, I2J'. and ..18 o Calceolarias, Golden Gem. not in pots, per 100, 5J. . . ..10 Carnation and Picotee p'ants . . . . 70 ,, pairs .. .. 12 o Chrysanthemums, per 100, r8j. , in great va- riety . . . . ..30 Clematis .. . . ..80 Carpet Bedding Plants ; see Catalogue Coleus .. .. ..30 Cyclamens, 4s. and . . 60 Dactylis eleganttssima, per 100, 6^. . . .. 10 Dahlias, per 100, 20s. .. 36 Delphiniums, 6j. to .. 90 Epiphyllums, gr. to .. 12 o Echeveria secunda glauca, IS. bd. X.Q ., 26 Ferns, stove and green- house, 6.r, to . . . . 18 o Fuchsias, per 100, i8.r. . . 3 o Gardenia flarida, 6s., gs., to t8 o Geranium, tricolor .. 36 ,, bicolor .. ., 36 „ silver-edged . . 36 ,t double, zoj. per 100 . . . . ..30 Geranium, zonals, for bedding, 155. per loo 3 o Geraniums for pot cuU ture, 3*. to . . . . 60 Gladiolus Brenchleyen- sis. 6s. per loo .. 10 Gladiolus, seedlings, a fine muxture ,. .. 30 Gloxinias, 6j., 9J. ..12 o Greenhouse Plants, gs. Hardy climbing plarts in great variety, 6s. to Hollyhock, seedlings .. Helianthemums. . Herbaceous plants, 201. per lOQ . , Heliotropes, in variety Hepaticas Hydrangeas Iresine Lindeni, 10s. per 100 Strawberry runners ; our collection con- tains 65 varieties, 2s. 6d. per 100. Pinks, 25^. per 100 Jrls, German Ivies, in variety vies, Klemia repens, per 100, 20s. Lintanas. . Lilium auralum, strong, each, IS. and i.r, 6d. Lobelias, small, per roo, 4^. Lobelias, in pots Mesembryanthemum va- riegatum, per 100, lor. Mimulus, in variety .. Myosoiis, 6s. per 100 .. Paeonies, splendid white, blush crimson, and other shades, 6s. to . . Pansies, show, 251. per Pansies, bedding (about 23,oo3 to select froiri), izs. per 100 . . Penlstemon, 25.1. per iod Phloxes, 25J. per 100 .. Pelargoniums, show, fancy, and French, 6.f. to Potentillas, double Po'yinthus, seedlings, 51. per TOO Polyanthus, named sorts : see Catalogue Primroses, double, 4s. to „ Old Double Velvet, each, xs. td. ,, single, assorted colours Primroses, other sorts, great variety : see Catalogue Pyrethrums Roses, H.P., fine plants from ground, per loo, 45^ 6 Ruses, Tea, &c. .. u Roses, climbing or mosses ^ Rhododendrons, fine varieties, with buds, 3or. to 35 Rock plants, 15J. per 100, 2J-. to . . . . 4 Salvias .. .. .. i Saxifrages . . .-3 Sedums .. .. •• 3 ,. acre aurea, ele- gans, and glaucum. 8j. per 100 ., . . r Stove plants, gs. to . . 18 Succulents. 4^. to ..6 TropEeolums . . • • 3 Violas, immense stock of best sorts, Zs. to \2s. per lOD . . .. .. I Verbenas, stock plants in pots.. .. ..3 Verbenas, young, not in pots Violets, sweet . . Vines, all the leading kinds for planting and fruiting, 30J. to . . 6o Apple-;, Pears, Plums, and Cherries, pyra- mid, 61. to . . .. 18 ,, dwarf trained, i8,r. to . . . . 30 3 6 3 6 6 0 s FECIAL SPRING OFFER. ASH, transplanted, 2 to 3 feet. 22s. 6d. per 1000. ,, i-yr. seedlings, 2s. td. per 10:0. LaRCH fir, I to i^ and 2 feet, r5.r. and 25^ per 1000. PINE, Austrian, i)^ to 2 feet. 25^. per 100. ROSES, Standard. Gloire de Dijon, fine, 75J per loa ,, Half-Standard H.P.'s, i foot, gs. per dozen. ,, Dwarf Standard, on i to \% foot stems, 6s. per dozen. I, Tea-scented and Noisette, m pots, ripened wood, in fine variety, or. per dozen, 70*. per 100, ,. Mar^chal Niel, about 6 feet, in 7-inch pots, iSj. per dozen. CEDRUS DEODARA. 2 to 3 feet. 12s to iZs. per dozen. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 5 to 6 feet. i8i. per dozen, JUNIPERUS CHINENSIS. 4 to 5 feet. i8j. per dozen. ,, VIRGINIANA, 3 to 4 and 5 to 6 feet, 6s. and it*. per dozen. PINUS STROBUS. 5 to 6 feet, 20J. per 100. RETINOSPORA PIblFERA, 5 to 6 feet. gs. per dozen, THUJA AUREA, 1% to 2J4 feet, 121. to i8j. per dozen. ,, SEMPER AUREA, 15 to 18 inches, \zs.\.oi%s. per dozen. AUCUBA JAPONICA, 2 to 2J4 feet. 6s. per doz.. 40s. per 100. HOLLIES, variegated, in variety, bushy plants, 3',^ to 4'^ feet, 24s. and 30J. per dozen. MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA (Exmouth), 2% to 3 and 4 feet, 24J. and 301. per dozen. RHODODENDRONS, of sorts, 2 to 3 and 4 feet, iZs. and a4X. per dozen. CLEMATIS, of sorts, gs. per dozen, Sos. per 100. IVIES, Irish and variegated of sorts, strong, in pots. 6 j. per dozen, 40s. per 100. MAPLE, Ash-leaved, variegated. Standards, 4 to 5 and 6 feet stems, 6r. and 12s. per dozen. CALVCANTHUS PR.*:cfoX (ALLSPICE), strong biishet, 6s. per dozen. HORSE CHESTNUT. 9 to 10 to 12 feet. gs. to laj. per doz. LIMES, 8 to 9 and 10 feet. 9^. and \2S. per dozen. THORNS, Scarlet and Pink Flowering. 6s. per dozen. Sample trees on application. WALTER CHARLES SLOCOCK, Goldsworth Nurstry, Woking, Surrey. March 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 361 B. S. ^W^ILLIAMS Respectfully invites the Nobility and Gentry about to Furnish their Conservatories, Greenhouses, Stoves, Orchid-houses, &c., to an inspection of his stock of MAGNIFICENT SPECIMENS, unequalled in Europe, consisting of the choicest and rarest Exotics, ORCHIDS, TREE FERNS, DRAC^NAS, PALMS, CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, CYCADS, BEAUCARNEAS, ARALIAS, AMARYLLIS, CYCLAMEN, and all kinds of FLOWERING and FOLIAGE STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. The Caineilia Houses are now very interesting, the large specimens being in full flower, and are likely to continue in good condition for some time to come. VICTORIA AND PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. 3000 OBOHTOGIOSSUI ALEXAUBRJl. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from the New Plant and Bulb Company to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on TUESDAY, March 25, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a very extensive importation of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRyE, all in superb condition. Also O. PESCATOREI, O. TRIUMPHANS, O. PHAL/ENOPSIS, ONCIDIUM CUCULLA- TUM, the magnilicent CATTLEYA GIGAS, and C. MENDELII, &c. This Sale presents a grand opportunity to Gentleman and the Nursery Trade to enrich their Collections— all being in splendid condition. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. VAI.UABLE ORCHIDS (MOSTLY IN FLOWER). A/TR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from Rev, J. B. -LVI Norman, of Edgware, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, March 27, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, 400 Lots of first-class ORCHIDS from this well-known Collection, including MASDEVALLIAS in flower; ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, fine plants, in flower; O. TRIUMPHANS, O. PES- CATOREI, O. SCEPTRUM, TRICHOPILIA SUAVIS, CCELOGYNE CONFERTA, in flower; ONCIDIUMS, many varieties in flower; CYPRIPEDIUM DOMINIANUM, DEN- DROBIUMS in variety, in flower; CYMBIDIUM EBURNEUM, in flower; LYCASTE SKINNERI ALBA, in flower ; L/ELIA ANCEPS DAWSONI, CATTLEYA EXONIENSIS, and other varieties ; fine plants of ODONTOGLOSSUM VEXILLARIUM, and many other varieties. On view the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN LONDON, W.C. ' V A N D A P A R I S H I. jV/TR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great -*- Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY, March 31, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., imported Orchids from Buimah, consisting of fine plants in the best possible condition of the rare and lovely VANDA PARISHI DENDROBIUM CRYSTALLINUM, D. DALHOUSIANUM, D. FYTCHIANUM d' FORMOSUM GIGANTEUM, D. DEVONIANUM, D. TORTILE, finest variety • D ALBA SAN GUINEA, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. AUCTION ROOMS AND OFFICES, 38, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN LONDON, W.C. ' EOOTED CUTTIIGS. (Choice Varieties with Names.) FREE AND SAFE BY POST. FREE AND SAFE BY POST. We have much pleasure in offering the following in well-rooted healthy Cuttings, which, by our improved system of packing, can new be sent by post with perfect safety to any part of the British Isles. The selection of varieties must in all instances be left to ufc:— Per Doz. BEGONIA FUCHSIOIDES, a pretty pot plant for the s. d. greenhouse each, 4rt'. 3 o CHRYSANTHEMUMS, large-flowered, new and choice sorts 26 ,, good standard varieties . . , . per too, ic^. td. i 6 ,. Pompon, a first-class selection . . , , . , i 6 COLEUS, from our splendid collection of nearly loo newest and choicest varieties, extra choice sorts 3 o r»*A tiT t"a^I°'"^ varieties .. . . per 100, 12s. 6d. z o DAHLIAS, AH the newest and best in cultivation. Show varieties, new and choice . . . . ..36 ,, fancy varieties, new and choice . . . , ..36 • ■ ^"cy varieties, gond popular sorts, per 100, 12J. 6ii. 2 o FUCHSIAS, a splendid collection of all the newest and finest single and double-flowered varieties .. 26 . . finest single, good popular varieties, per 100, los. 6d i 6 FUCHSIA SPLENDENS, a rare and beautiful species each. 4,.^ _ P^r lOOi 12-f- 6*/. 2 o PENTSTEMONS. in beautiful variety 16 TROPiEOLUMS. double- flowered and beautiful varieties of Lobbianum, fine for pots, hanging baskets, vases, &c. . , . . ., . . . . .,20 VERBENAS, in choice variety .. per 100, 105. 6'^. j 6 VERBENA, lemon-scented each, 4*3'. 3 o Not less that 50 will be supplied at the rate per 100, or 6 at the rate per dozen. From R. J. Hamilton, Esq., TonbrUgc, November 11, 1878. " Enclosed please find P.O.O. in payment of account for Rooted Cuttings, all of which have turned out splendidly, espe- cially the Chrysanthemums, which are very fine." From Mr. W. D. Penny, Nairn, N B., November 5, 1878. *' I am very glad to say that the Rooted Cuttings I had of you in the spring turned out very well indeed, not a single failure in the lot." Cheques or Post-office Orders to DANIELS BROTHERS, TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. OSBORN & SONS AVE now for Sale, in excellent condition for transplanting, a fine collection of HOLLIES, Common green, i to lo feet ; green and variegated varieties, 2 to 6 feet, at e.Kceptionally low prices, as the ground must be cleared at once for other purposes. THE FULHAM NURSERIES, LONDON, S.W. CRANSTON'S NURSERIES. Established 1785. EIGHTY ACRES. ROSES, FRUIT TREES, CONIFERS, FOREST TKEES. &c. Descriptive and Priced Catalogue for 1878 now ready. Address — CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE, near HEREFORD. ONE GUINEA COLLECTION of VEGETABLE SEEDS, containing 6 quarts of excellent Peas for succession, and 50 packets of other leading sorts of SEEDS, all of best quality. Carriage Free to any Raihvay Statir^n in Eni;Iand. •Richard Smith ^c°:. \m> Worcester^. 362 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 22, 1879, c HOICE FLOWER SEEDS. s STOCK. East Lothian, very select strains. Crimson, superb. For opinions of eminent Horticulturists, see Advertisement in Gardeners Chronicle of Jan. 18. Purple, Scarlet, White, and White Wallflower-leaved, per packet, 6i/, \s., and is. 6d. ASTER. Betteridge's superb Quilled Globe (seed direct from Mr. Belteridge). ,, 24 varieties, separate, including latest novelties, 2s. 6d. „ 12 ditto ditto, IS. 6d. ,, mixture of 24 splendid varieties: per packet jd., 6d., and is. MARIGOLD, superb Gold-striped French, saved from per- fectly double, beautifully striped flowers, ex. ex ; per packet. 6d. and is. COCKSCOMB, Sime's superb strain, First Prize at Carlisle International Show, and wherever exhibited. Was shown at Edinburgh with comb over 40 inches long. Per packet, is. and 2s. 6d. PANSY, Show, from a superb collection of named Exhibition varieties : per packet, is. and 2s. td. „ Fancy, from a first-rate collection of named flowers : per packet, i^. and 2^. (id Above free by post. TODD AND CO., Seedsmen and Florists, Maitland Street, Edinburgh. „^^_ BEDDING GERANIUMS, LOBELIAS, PANSIES, and VIOLAS. GERANIUM Wonderful, lor. per loo, 2i. id. per dozen ; Leamington Lassie, 5s. per dozen— both autumn-struck. A few stock plants of Wonderful, with cuttings on, zi. td. per dozen, 155. per 100. LOBELIAS, from cuttings.— St. Martins Blue, very fine plants with a quantity of cuttings on, 7.J, Ui. per 100 ; Pumila grandiflora alba, a new white one, zj, per dozen, post-free. PANblES, Cliveden Blue, Cliveden Purple, and Dean's White Bedder, zr. per dozen, 6j. per 50, 10s, td, per 100; Viola Bluebell same price. Also extra choice Bedding Violas, is. 6d. to 4r. per dozen. I. J. MARRIOTT, Highfield Nurseries, Matlock. Rhedodendron Pontioum. J J. MARRIOTT has a fine stock of the • above,, and begs to offer 4-yr. seedlings, 2-yr. bedded, at 245. per 1000 ; 4 to 6 inches, transplanted, bushy, 75. per 100, 60s. per 1000 ; 6 to 9 inches, gr. per 100, 80.J. per looo ; 9 to 12 inches, icj. 6d. per 100. Also 2-yr., 3-yr., and 4-yr. seed- lings, very fine, 45. to 7^. 6d. per 1000. The Trade supplied. Highfield Nurseries. Matlock. Derbyshire. EEDS FOR SALE,— Brussels Sprouts, Early Cabbage, Myatt's Extra Curled Parsley, Yellow Intermediate Mangel, all from selected stock. Also a few tons of .Sno A-flake Potatos. For lowest cash price apply to F. AND C. MYATT, Offenham, Evesham. U R P L U S STOCK. COLCHIC LAUREL, 3 to 4 feet, strong and bushy. SYCAMORE. I'A to 3 feet. PINUS AUSTRIACA, i to I'A foot. LARCH, 15 to 24 inches. SPRUCE FIR, 12 to t5 inches. Samples and Prices on application. A. W. BARNES, Nurseryman and Seed Merchant, High Street, Skipton, iTorkshire. Special Offer of STRONG FRUITING VINES to the Trade. BLACK HAMBURGH, I DUKE OF BUCCLEUCH. BLACK ALICANTE. | Fl.)STER'S SEEDLING. MUSCAT OF ALEXANDRIA, &c, 4J. 6J. each, or 45^. per do^en. FRUIT TREES. ROSES, CONIFERS, in great variety. CATALOGUES on application. W. G. CALDWELL and SONS, The Nurseries, Knulsford, Cheshire. r^ATTLEYA MENDELII, CATTLEYA \J GIGAS, ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.F.. O. PESCATOREI, O. TRIUMPHANS, O. PHAL^NOPSIS, &c. ; ONCIDIUMS of sorts, macranthum, ampliatum majus, cucullatum, &c., and a quantity of other beautiful ORCHI US chietly for cool culture. Before ordering, send for the "New Plant and Bulb Company's " LIST. These plants come from our own collectors, and can be supplied either just arrived very cheaply, or semi-established from last year's importations. Lion Walk, Colchester, ARLEY DALE NURSERIES. —One Hundred and Sixty Acres of Ground covered with TREES and SHRUBS. Many thousands are grown for Ornamental Planting. Amongst them we have large quantities of Picea nobilis, P. Nordmanniana, P. balsamea ; Pinus Cembra, P. Strobus, P. Laricio ; Cryptomeria elegans, japonica. and Lobbii ; Yews, Common and Irish, Golden in several varieties ; Retinosporas, many kinds ; Cupressus Lawsoniani and many beautiful varieties, includinj^ luiea and Smith's argentea; Libocedrus decurrens ; fine Wellingtonias ; Cedrus Deodara, &c, Also many fine specimens not mentioned in the CATALOGUE. Also large quantities of Flowering Shrubs, Ribes, Lilacs, Weigelias, &c. Prices and sizes in CATALOGUE sent free on application to JAMES SMITH, Darley Dale Nutseries, Matlock. Special Offer. WBALL AND CO., Bedford Road Nursery, • Northampton, having a very large stock of the under- mentioned TREES, &c., in fme condition for removal, have much pleasure in offering them at the following low prices :— ASH, 2 to 2j4 feet, fine, iSs. per looo. BERBERIS AQUIFOLIA, i to i% foot, very fine, Z2s. per 1000. ELMS, Canadian, 8 to lo feet stems, w.th good heads, looj. per loo. ,, English (upright), 6 to 7 feet stems, fine, with good heads, 90s. per loo. HORNBEAM, 2 to 3 feet, fine, 20s. per looo. LIMES, 8 to 9 feet, very fine, 50J. per 100 ; 9 to 11 feet, ditto, 70,1. per 103. PRIVET, common. 2 feet, bushy, lar. per 1000. ,, OVALIFOLIUM, 3 to 4 feet, very fine, 50J. per 1000. WALNUTS, 6 to 7 feet stems, nice heads. 6o.f. per 100. CHERRIES, Morello, dwarf-trained, splendidstuff, rS^.p. doz. APRICOTS. Moorpark, dwarf-trained, splendid stuff, 205. per dozen. ROSES, extra fine standards, large head'!, fine varieties, 4 feet stems, no better in the trade, our selection, 70J. p. 100. APPLES, fine standards, best market vai-ieties, our selection, 60s. per 100. PEARS, fine standards, best market varieties, our selection, 70J'. per 100. General CATALOGUE of Seed and Herbaceous Plants post- free on application. SPECIAL TRADE OFFER for ca.sh. BEANS, finest Broad Windsor, 8s, 6d. per bushel ; Early Longpods. 6s. per bushel ; Scarlet Runner, fine English, 30J. per bushel. MANGEL, Yellow Globe, all new and good, 30s. per cwt. CABBAGE PLANT.S, fine Drumhead and Thousand- head, at 4s per 1030 ; splendid Reds at 5s. Sacks, Bags, and other packages charged cost price. CATALOGUES of other Seeds, Plants, Roots, &c., on application to FKEDK. GEE, Seed and Plant Grower, Biggleswade, Beds. RW. BEEDELL offers strong rooted • cuttings of : — FUCHSIAS, best named sorts, including Earl of Beaconsfield, 5s- per 100, or 40s. per 1000. LOBELIA, Bluestone, 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000. ALTERNANTHERA AMCENA MAGNIFICA, 61. perioo. HELIOTROPE, 6s. per 100. MESEMBRVANTHEMUM, SJ. per 100, 40s. per 1000. MUSK HARRISONII, is. per dozen, js. per 100. The Nurseries, Wallington, Surrey. TO THE TRAD E. SEED POTATOS for cultivation in the FIELD or GARDEN. H. & F. Sharpe I Have a very fine Stock of all the following ENGLISH varieties of SEED POTATOS, which hold their own against most of the American and English varieties of recent introduction, being far superior in quality and very productive ; — RIVERS' ROYAL ASHLEAF KIDNEY, MYATT'S PROLIFIC ASHLEAF KIDNEY, ROBSON'S CHALLENGE ROUND, EARLY DALMAHOY ROUND, RINTOUL'S WHITE DON, WALKER'S IMPROVED REGENT, EARLY ROUND FRAME, DRUMMOND'S EARLY PROLIFIC, EARLY OXFORD, EARLY FOXE'S SEEDLING, EARLY KING. EARLY FLOURBALL, H. For Prices and further particulars apply to & F. SHARPE, SEED-GROWERS, WISBECH. I TO OBTAIN THE BEST LAWNS, | THE BEST BOWLING GREENS, THE BEST CROQUET GROUNDS, I THE BEST CRICKET GROUNDS, SOW PRIZE MEDAL, FBIZE MEDAL, PARIS, 1878, SUTTOI^'S PRIZE LAWN GRASS SEEDS AS SOWN AT THE CRYSTAL PALACE, SYDENHAM, AND ALbO AT i THE PARIS UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION, 1878. " The Lawns shown by Messrs. Sutton's Agent are at least equal in beauty, vigour, and luxuriance to those shown by any other exhibitor. They are of extraordinary beauty and evenness, and form throughout one charming velvety carpet"— From "L'Ec/w Agricole^' November, 1878. Price, Is. per pound, 20s. per bushel, Carriage-free. SUTTON'S PAMPHLET ON MAKING NEW OR IMPROVING OLD GRASS LAWNS, Gratis and post-free o?t application. SUTTON & SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. THE LAYING DOWN OF LAND FOR PASTURE. AGROSTO^RAPHIA, THE BEST TREATISE on the CULTIVATED GRASSES: NEW EDITION WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. MAY BE HAD OF THE LAWSON SEED AND NURSERY COMPANY (LIMITED), EDINBUKGH AND LONDON. March 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 363 Louis Van Houtte, ROYAL NURSERY, GHENT, BELGIUM, BEGS TO OFFER THE FOLLOWING TO AMATEURS AND NURSERYMEN. AZALEA INDICA, nice healthy plants with buds, selected, of the best varieties, from ;^5 t" L^ psr 100. CAMELLIAS with buds, in beautiful and distinct varieties, fine and robust plants, £6 Sj. per 100. A good number of C. alba plena (double white), can be given in the hundred. GLADIOLUS GANDAVENSIS, all the finest varieties of our rich and splendid collection, £z per 100 in 25 varieties. HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS, a very large and fine collection, £1 per 100, in distinct varieties ; ^2 per loo, in distinct and rare varieties. HYACINTHUS CANDICANS, a first-class bulbous-rooted plant, bearing 20 to 25 pendulous snow-white flowers on a spike 4 feet high, very suitable for the get-up of bouquets, &c., ^3 per 100. IRIS GERMANICA, one of the finest collections in Europe, £\ \2s. per 100 varieties, consisting of very diversified and beautiful colours. IRIS KiEMPFERI, of a very striking and distinguished effect ; flowers exceptionally large and beautiful, well-formed and brightly coloured. £■>, per 100 in 25 varieties. LILIUM. Ours is without doubt one of the richest and most complete collections existing. £\ to £z per 25 beautiful and distinct varieties. HARDY RHODODENDRONS. A collection composed of the best varieties only, strong and bushy plants, with buds, 2j. dd. each. ROSES, HYBRID PERPETUAL and BOURBON, Very strong and healthy stuff, consisting of the best and richest varieties, very distinct and beautiful. Standards, from 50 to 100 vars., £1 ^s. per 100 ; Half-standard, from 50 to 100 varieties, £z loj. per 100. "m TREE FEENS and PALMS. ^^ __^_^ THE LARGEST AND BEST STOCK IN EUROPE. ''^S'f ' ' ALSO MANY OTHER ^'^'^ MAGNIFICENT SPECIMEN ORNAMENTAL PLANTS, Adapted for the Decoration of Conservatorlea and Greenhouses, or suited for Sub-tropical Gardening. V/ I L L I A M BULL, F.L.S., Respectfully Invites the Nobility and Gentry to an Inspection of the above. ESTABLISHMENT FOR NEW AND RARE PLANTS, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W Rhododendrons and Homes "RHODOUEiNDRON HYBRIDS, 6 to POPULAR BOXES OF SEEDS ^^^"BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS ALLTHE YEAR ROUND Price ^/6 5/-W/6J5f2lf 5l/6 42/- 4 65/ CarHoffe Free THE QUEENS SEEDSMEN HIGH HOLBORN LONDON J- V g inches, 8o.y. per looo ; ditto, ditto, 12 to 15 Inches, xZos. per looo ; ditto Stocks, for grafting, looj. per 1000. HOLLY. Common, ij^ to 2 feet, 28^^. per loo. LAUREL, Common, i!2 to 2 feet, 6.T per 100; ditto, Portugal, 2 to i\i feet, is^j. per 100. PRIVET, Oval-leaved, 2 to 3 feet, 6oi-. per 1000. WHIN or GORSE. Double, 9 to 18 inches, 50J. per 1000. The above are healthy and well-rooted. Also other Nursery Stock. CATALOGUES free. HENRY DERBYSHIRE, Nurseryman, Darley Hill Side, near Matlock, Derbyshire. SEED P OT ATO 8. NEW CHAMPIONS, PATERSON'.S VICTORIAS, WALKER'S REGENTS, KEMPS, DALMAHOYS, ROCKS. Qualily unsurpassed. For Prices, &'c. , address FERRIER BROTHERS, 49, 55, and 57, HOPE STREET, GLASGOW. The Two Best New Bedding Plants of the Year. mf^/s AGERATUM "CANNELL'S DWARF," never exceeding 6 inches in height ; the brightest blue, and the best of all ; a gem, 2^. td. each, iqs. per do2en, post-free. IRESINE BRILLIANTISSIMA. with foliage nearly equal to that splendid ruby-crimson seen in our church windows. Both are acquisitions for bedding i^. each, 85. per dozen. Extract Gardeners' Magazine, October 19, 1S7S : — *' H. CANNEtL presented a new and attractive Ireslne, called ' Briliiantissima.' The colour is a fiery diaphanous ctimson, a sort of stained-glass blood colour, of remarkable brilliancy when the sun shines." For further particulars see H. C.'s FLORAL GUIDE, the best annual work on Flowers ever published, free for twelve stamps. H. CANNELL, The Home for Flowers, Swanley, Kent. 364 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 22, 1879. E. H. KRELAGE and SON, NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, and FLORISTS, HAARLEM, HOLLAND, Beg to offer the following Articles, of luJiich they have an extensive and superior stock : — AGAPANTHUS UMBELLATUS, fol. arg;. var. — Oqq of the mist elegant silver-variegated liliaceous plants. Extra for bDrders in conservatories and winter gardens, is. each, lar. per dozen, ^3 15^. per 100. AGAPANTHUS UMBELLATUS GIGANTEUS. — A very strong growing and large flowering variety of this popular ornamental plant. IS. each, izs. per dozen, ^4 10^. per too. AGAPANTHUS UMBELLATUS MINOR. — A very nice dwarf free-blooming variety, zod. each, 8,1. per dozen, xa los. per 100. AGAPANTHUS MOOREANUS. — Fine recently introduced species. 3S. each, £1 per dozen, £j los. per 100. AGAVE FILIFERA.— Extra fine dwarf grow- ing species ; the small plants for mosaic beds, large plants for ornament, according to size. 3s. to £$ per pair, i5f. tj £6 per dozen. AMARYLLIS (HIPPEASTRUM).— One of the best Dutch collections, in endless variety. Only good flowering bulbs are supplied. Extra fine exhibition varie- ties, jCi2 to £io per dozen. Fine flowers for decoration or bouquets, selected varieties, £1 10s. to ^^9 per dozen ; mixed cheap varieties, £1 to £i ss. per dozan, £7 los. to jCg per 100. ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA.— Oneof the finest herbaceous plants, v/ith large trusses of orange-coloured flowers, very ornamental for beds. 25^. per dozen, 15^. per 100, ^6 per jooo. BEGONIAS, TUBEROUS. — Collections in 25 to lOD fine sorts, according to novelty, £2 S*"- ^o £i2 12s. per loo. ; seedlings, first selection, 6^. 6(i. per dozen, £2 los. per iod ; second selection, ^s. per dozen, £1 los. per 100. CANNAS. — A very fine collection of 25 sorts, according to novelty, £i loj. to ;£io xos, per loo , different sorts, mixed, 3s. per dozen, j^i per 100, CONVALLARIA MAJALIS.— Extra fine 3-yr. ol J clumps for pots. l^s. per dozen, £i ^s. per too. CYPELLA HERBERT!.— An elegant yellow. flowering Tigridia-like plant for planting out jn the garden during summer. i.r. per dozen, 6s. per loo, £2 los. per 1000. CYPRIPEDIUM SPECTABILE (ALBUM). — The white-flowering Lady's Slipper, one of the finest terrestrial Orchids. Strong introduced roots, as. 6d. each, £1 5i. per dozen, £10 per 100. DAHLIAS,— 'Large-fiowering, a fine collection, assorted, 6f. per dozen, £2 xos. per loa. Liliput or Bouquet Dahlias, with small flowers, a fine collection, assorted, 6f. per dozen, £2 10s. per ic». Dwarf Dahlias, large-flowering, a fine collection, los. per dozen, /^3 loi. per iQo. Dwarf Dahlias, Liliput or Bouquet, a fine collection, xos. per dozen, ^^^3 xos. per loa. DICENTRA (DICLYTRA) SPECTABILIS. --Very fine plants for pots, 3J. per dozen, ^r per 100, £() per icco, DICENTRA SPECTABILIS, fol. aur. var.— With gold-variegated leaves, very fine for borders, 4?. per dozQ.j, ^i 10^. per 100. DODECATHEON M E A D I A. — The American Cowslip is one of the most elegant herbaceous plants. Our collection contains every variety in the trade. According to variety, 6j. to £1 10s. per dozen. £2 los. to £10 per 100. The common D. Meadia, xs. per dozen. 7^. 6J. per 100, ^^3 per 1000. EUCOMIS REGIA.— Very fine bulbous plant, surpassing E. punctata, for planting out in the garden during summer, 4s. per dozen, £i xos. per 100. FUNKIA. — An extra fine assorted collection, 4s. to loj. per dozen, .^i los. to £2 15'- per 100. Different sorts in mixture, 2.f 6ci. per dozen, £1 per 100. GENTIANA ACAULIS.— Nice blue flowering alpine herbaceous plant, 2s. per dozen, 15.?. per 100. GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS. — Scarlet flowering. The best bedding variety. Extra, if used alternately with Hyacinthus candicans. is. per dozen, 5,?. per 100, £2 per looo. GLADIOLUS FLORIBUNDUS.—Rose and white flowering, very fine for bedding, xs. per dozen, 6s. 6d. per 100, £2 per :o:^o. GLADIOLUS SURPRISE.— One of the best dwarf gandavensis varieties for bedding, ij. per dozen, 5s. per 100, £3 per looo. GLADIOLUS GANDAVENSIS. — A com- plete collection of all the best Continental and English varieties, in 50 varieties, ^3, £4, £s, £6 per 100 ; in 25 varieties, ^i, £t xos., £2, and £i per 100. SeedUngs and mixtures, according to quality, per ids, 7^. 6d., lot. 6J., 12s. 6d., xy.,£i xs. HABRANTHUS CONCOLOR.— This elegant Amaryllid has been reintroduced by our firm from Mexico, It was probably lost in Europe. It is figured in Sot. Reg. 184s, tab. 54, and was lately classified by Mr, J. G. Baker as Hippeastrum (Zephryanthes) concolor. It is cultivated like Sprekelia formossissima. 7^. 6d. each, £^ per dozen. HELLEBORUS NIGER. —The Christmas Rose. 3^. per dozen, 15^. per 100, £6 per zooo. HELLEBORUS NOVELTIES. — A great number of Belgian (Rodigas* collection) and German (Heinemann's collection) varieties, from is, ^d. to ys. 6d, each. HEPATICAS.— A complete collection of all known varieties of Anemone hepatica. 2s. to ;£i 10 per dozen, 125. 6d, and upwards per 100 ; 100, in ten varieties, HOTEIA (SPIRAEA, ASTILBE) JAPONICA. —Extra fine plants for pots, 2$. 6d. per dozen, £i per 100, £7 los. per lOQO. HYACINTHUS CANDICANS.— One of the best summer blooming bulbous plants, with large spikes bearing a great number of white pendulous flowers, which arQ extra for bouquet making ; a fine bedding plant, too, if planted in company with Gladiolus brenchleyanRis. Doubtless it will become by-and-by a general favourite. Our stock is unsurpassed. We sell bulbs in three sizes. First size, extra strong, los. per dozen, £2 xss. per ico, ;^30 per 1000 ; second size, good flowering, 81. per dozen, £2 xos. per 100, j^io per 1000 ; third sizo, medium, perhaps flowering, 5^. per dozen, £t per 100, £1$ per IMANTOPHYLLUM CYRTANTHI- FLORUM.— This fine hybrid between I. Aitoni and miniatum is a first-rate decorative plant. The flowers are very good for bouquets. It flowers the whole winter. We have extra strong plants ready for sale at 2t. to xos. 6d. each, £t to £$ per dozen, £7 xos. to /30 per loo. IMANTOPHYLLUM NOVELTIES. — We have a nice stock of all the older and new sorts of this fine plant, which are sold in good plants from 2S. 6d. to ;^io XQS. each. IRIS GERMANICA.— Our collection of her- baceous Iris is doubtless the most complete in Europe, as we have introduced into it these last twenty-five years every variety cft'ered. We sell 100 in 100 best varieties at £1 ss., 100 in 50 best varieties at £x, 100 in 35 best varieties at 15;. IRIS K^MPFERL— Our collection is un- rivalled, and contains every novelty. We offer coHeclioDS of twelve varieties at 75. 6d., 10s. 6d.f X5f.« iJr, and upwards, to £7 xos. P^ONIA SINENSIS (ALBIFLORA),— Our collection will doubtless be the most complete in Europe, as every variety offered is introduced into it. We offer the following choice collections :— Novelties, £2, £2 xos., £i, per 25 sorts ; older sorts, £2, £2 xos., £i, to £4 per 100 in 100 sorts; do., £i 15^. per loo in 50 sorts; do-, £1 xos. per 100 in 25 sorts. PHORMIUM TENAX.— The New Zealand Flax is one of the most ornamental plants. According to size we offer this at 35. 6d. to X2S. 6d. per pair : strong plants, £i xs. to £10 xos. per pair; good plants, £x to £2 xos. per dozen ; £7 xos. to £xs per 100, PHORMIUM COOKII. — A more dwarf green-leaved species, very ornamental. Good plants, £1 to ;^2 xos. per dozen ; £7 xos. to £1$ per 100. POLYANTHES TUBEROSA, flore-plenc— IJest doubla Italian Tuberoses, imported roots, 2s. per dozen, 15^. per 100, £6 per 1000. RICHARDIA (CALLA) ^THIOPICA.— The white Aium, very ornamental, 4*. per dozen, £1 xos, per 100. RICHARDIA ALBA-MACULATA. — White spotted, very ornamental foliage, 3^. per dozen, £1 per 100, SAUROMATUM GUTTATUM (formerly known as Arum cornutum). — A very curious Aroid, to be p lanted out In summer in the open ground, 2s. per dozen, x^s. per 100. SPREKELIA (AMARYLLIS) GLAUCA.— This fine form of the much esteemed Jacobaea Lily has till now been scarce in cultivation. We have introduced a fine lot of bulbs trom Mexico, and can offer this beautiful plant at an unusually moderate figure. Its flowers are larger and brighter in colour than those of S. formossissima. 55. per dozen, £2 per 100. TIGRIDIA PAVONIA (RUBRA).— A very large flowering stock of the much esteemed Tiger-flower. IS. Qd. per dozen, xos. per 100, £2 x$s. per 1000. TIGRIDIA CONCHIFLORA. — The fine yellow flowering variety of the popular Tiger-flower. 2s. per dozen, 15s. per 100, £6 per 1000. TRITOMA UVARIA— Of these fine her- baqeous plants we cultivate different varieties, viz., T. uvaria, T, uvaria grandlflora, T. uvaria glaucescens, and T, glaucescens grandiflora, of which we can specially recommend the last, The^e sorts are sold at 3s. 6d. per dozen, £t per joo. TROPi^OLUM TUBEROSUM.— Very nice for planting out in summer in the garden. 2s. per dozen, 15*. per 100. YUCCA FLACCIDA.— An extra fine plant for the open ground ; it flowers usually the second year after planting, xs. each, 8^. per dozen, £3 xos. per loa STRAWBERRIES. — Our collection is the most complete in Europe. About 600 varieties have heen tried, and a selection of the best has been kept for cu'ti* vation. All Continental and other novelties can be obtained. Very strong plants are supplied. A Dutch Catalogue, with 80 woodcuts, can be had. Prices on application. POTATOS. — A trial collection of about 350 sorts is cultivated. It obtained a large number oi prizes at domestic and foreign exhibitions. Colleciioos of one tuber, or a larger quantity of every sort, are sold at moderate prices. At the Price per 1000 not less than 500 ; at the price per 100 not less than 60 ; and at the price per dozen not less than six are supplied. DISCOUNT TO THE TEADE. March h, 1879.] T//£ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 365 AMIES' POTATO lAJfUIlE. The finest Potatos were grown during the past year with Amies' Potato Manure. It fertilises and acts directly on the soil. It gives health and vigour to the Potato plant, and provides the particular foods required for its proper nourishment and development during the various stages of growth, producing large and sound tubers of uniform size. In numerous well authenticated instances it has been found to be a great preventive of the Potato disease. Write for our New Descriptive Pamphlet., just out, containing reports from leading autltoritics and growers. The Great International Potato Exhibition, Sep- temljer, 1878 : Tlie Premier Prize. Royal Horticultural Society's Great Summer Show, May, 1878 : First Prize. Blrmlngliam Root Show, December, 1878 : The Premier Prize, and four other First-class Prizes, and the Silver Medal for the best dish of Potatos in the Show. " The above is the list of Prizes I took last year for Potatos, and in grooving them /, as usual, used your Manure." ^fanuary, 1S79. "I ,nay add I liave used your Manure for four years with much success, having gained prizes for Potatos in nearly thirty competitions, never having competed without getting a prize." — Peter McKinlav, November, 187S. "I have used your Manure for two years with the greatest success, not having lost a bushel of Potatos this season on 4 acres ; the same last year, whilst my neighbours all around me have lost nearly all their cropi' — RlCH.\RD He.\DLEY, Stapleford (grower of the celebrated " Non- pareil " Potato). ^''I planted Potatos the second week in April — Snowflake, Vermont Beauty, Sutton's Magnum Bonum — rows 5 feet apart, and the growth astonished all who saw them. The rows were lifted: a more e-'cn or heavier crop I never saw ; they covered the ground the whole length of the row, were perfectly sound, clean, and as beauti- ful tubers as any one could luish to see. They were nearly free from disease, and the tubers were of large size and uniform." — B. Makin, Pitsmoor Farm, near Sheffield. " Having used your Manure this season, side by side with other Manures, on Potatos {over 1 50 varieties) in various ways, I find, after careful observation, that your (Amies') is by far the best, for where it was used I have had better results, both as to the quality and quantity of the crops. I find that it does not exhaust the soil so much, which I consider to be of great advantage. There is no disease where it has been used." — Walter Ford, Seed Grower, Pamber, Bas- ingstoke. " / believe your Manure to be a good one. It has given me great satisfaction. I sowed some with early Potatos. After digging up the Potatos I solved the field with white Turnips. I dressed the field as usual, e.vcept wlierc the Potatos were grown, and I find the Turnips growing much faster where I applied your Manure."— Thos. Marchant, Farmer and Land Surveyor, Cranfield, Newport Pagnell. "/used your Manu/-e upon Potatos, and the crop is good in every respect." — J A.ME.S O'CONNOR (Potato Grower), Cork. Price £12 per ton, 153. per cwt. Amies' Chemical Manure may also be had of all principal Seedsmen and Nurserymen. AMIES' CHEMICAL MANURE COMPANY (LIMITED), 79, MARK LANE, LONDON, E.C, THE BEST POTATO, rVffRf J o a. CO -a Q- SUTTON'S MAGUUM BOITJI. Originally Introduced by SUTTON & SONS in 187P, previous to which time there was no Potato known by that name. WONDERFULLY PRODUCTIVE, A GOOD COOKING VARIETY, AND RESISTS DISEASE. EXTRAORDINARY CROP. " Clarendon Villa. 210 ," T\\v: Magnum Bonum Potatos you sup- plied me with this year produced a most ex- SACTC^ traordinary crop, amounting to an average rate of_2 10 sacks per acre, of g4o lb- per sack, and P£) R t^crc w^s not a single diseased one amongs t them. ' ACBE! ' Yours faithfully, "ROBT. PHILLOTT.' Price 14s. per 56 lb. Much cheaper per 168 lb. and to 1. Carriage free. Descriptive List of oilier kinds on application. THE FINEST STRAIN OF GLOXINIA. Sutton's Gloxinia crassifolia gigantea. Per packet— J. d. s. d. Erect Flowered ..50 and 2 6 post-free. Horizontal Flowered 5 0 „ 2 6 „ Drooping Flowered . 5 0 ,, 2 6 „ Mixed .. 5s., 2 6 „ 1 0 „ ^ From Mr. A. Ingram, Gr. to the Duke of Northumberland ; - " Your Gloxinia is the finest strain I have ever seen ; stroir!» robust habit, the leaves are so refiexed as to nearly cover the pots The flowers are very large and beautiful in colour. S-me of the drooping-rtowered sorts have blooms over three inches in diameter. They make quite a show of themselves in a house." SUTTON & SONS. THE QUEEN'S SEEDSMEN, AND By Special Warrant to H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, READING, BERKS. SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 1879. ON GEAFTING. AVERY successful cultivator of hardy fruit trees, the late Mr. Webb, of Calcot, near Reading, practised and recommended simple grafting (i.e., without beheading or cutting off many branches) in the case of old and depau- perated Apple trees in preference to any other method of rejuvenating them. In his garden he had a very large old tree — a centenarian — of the Pomme Roy, or King Apple. It was trained arbour-like over one of the paths, but had become unfruitful and showed symptoms of decay. As a remedy two grafts of a strong growing variety were put on, and the growth- action of these infused such an amount of new life and vigour into the old tree that for some years afterwards a crop of 12 bushels was gathered from it, and another bushel from the two grafts. The grafts were kept within bounds by judicious pruning. From this experiment Mr. Webb inferred that "an orchard of old trees might be kept for many generations in full flourishing and fruiting condition merely by fresh grafting any trees that show symptoins of decay." To a certain extent this could doubt- less be done, but we must not forget that the power of grafting as here shou-n is thrown away unless we also supply fresh soil or manu- rial stimulants to the old soil, in order to enable the roots to work to the best advantage. It is highly necessary to bear in mind that no be- heading was ad\ised by Mr. Webb, the object being really to renovate or re-strengthen the old trees themselves rather than to replace them by the means of grafts inserted on the arms of the beheaded trunk, as is more generally recom- mended. In a word, the grafts inserted induced fresh and more vigorous root-action, and drew the sap to branches which were becoming too weak to attract it themselves. To this point, however, we will return after glancing at the results attending some experi- ments made in grafting Roses by M. Charbon, as related in the Revue Horticole. M. Charbon relates, "that having grafted some delicate Roses of weakly growth on very robust wild stocks for the intended purpose of supplying them with the vigour which was wanting in their natural constitution, he was greatly dis- appointed in the result, nearly all the grafts so treated having perished, as it appeared to him, by a kind of plethora or surfeit of sap." He sub- sequently grafted other varieties on wild stocks of similar robustness to their own, and they succeeded well, the grafts throwing out long and healthy shoots. To give them more strength, however, he rubbed off the young growth of the wild stock, but to his surprise the previous fine growth of the grafts dwindled instead of becoming inore robust, as he had expected. In another experiment, therefore, instead of destroy- ing all the shoots of the wild stock, he only suppressed those of the grafted branch, allow- ing wild shoots to remain and flourish on the stock above the grafted branch, and in this case the most perfect vigour was obtained. M. Charbon points out that doubtless the shoots of the wild stock above the graft serve as sap- tractors, drawing up a good supply of sap past the grafted branch, which naturally partook of the food thus brought, as it were, to its very door. Our fruit cultivators will recognise in Mr, 366 The GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 22, 1879. Webb's and in M. Charbon's experiments a result analogous to that gained by leaving a wood or leaf-bud at the apex of the fruit-bearing shoot of a Peach or Nectarine tree, or the leaves left on the fruit-bearing shoots of the Vine beyond the bunch. The late Mr. Pearson, of Chihvell, after having experimented with Grape Vines engrafted on various stocks, came to the conclusion that the stock, if completely headed- off, and so not allowed to make any leaf-growth of its own, lost all influence on the scion in about four years. This seems not only possible, but even probable, when we remember that all the additional substance, i.e., woody and cel- lular tissue, by which the stock is enlarged after bjing wholly denuded of its own foliage, has bjen in the main supplied by the leaves of the scion or graft, which the stock supports in part only by its roots. Hence, there is a vast differ- ence between a rod of one variety inarched or ingrafted on the fruit-producing rod of another kind, and another rod of the same variety in- arched or grafted on a headed-off stock, which is not allowed to produce growth or fruit of its own. In looking over many records of Vine and other grafting, we find the evidence for or against certain stocks very contradictory. In some cases soil or general cultural management may be the cause of this, but in many cases we are fully convinced the- diverse results ob- tained are owing to the different relations of scion and stock as above pointed out. Not only is this so of Grapes, but of Pears, Apples, Plums, and all other fruits or plants propagated by grafting. Hence it has now become highly essential to know, not only whether varieties of fruit are grafted and the particular name of the stock used when they are described as being successful or otherwise in different soils, positions, and localities ; but it must also be explicitly stated whether the stock (or intermediate stock in the case of double grafted trees) is itself allowed to grow and bear fruit, or whether it is completely headed-ofif and merely used as a rooted support for the graft ; for even when the scions vegetate equally well under both sets of conditions the practical result in the way of quantity and quality of fruit are often very difterent. The experiments of Mr. Webb and M. Charbon are highly suggestive ones, and the lesson they teach should not be allowed to pass without con- sideration. They show very plainly that healthy root-action is entirely dependent on healthy leaf-action, the active functions of the latter being the great motive-power in both series of experiments. The weak habited Roses failed to draw even needful nutrition from a strong grow- ing stock, indeed they were starved rather than overfed ; whereas on the other hand the strong growing grafts inserted by Mr. Webb were sufficient to reinvigorate an entire Apple tree of gnarled and decrepid grovth, even although previous to the grafting it had shown symptoms of decay. From these results we may see the wherefore of our success in the grafting of our strong- growing Pears on the headed-off Quince stocks, and of vigorous Apples upon the similarly restricted Pommier du Paradis. Both are com- paratively dwarf and weak growers, but the more vigorous leaf action of the stronger con- stitutioned Apples and Pears they support induces them to vigorous root-action, the " wig of fibrous roots " for which both stocks are noted, and its fringe of food-grasping rootlets are set to work with a will by a leaf force superior to their own, and which must be fed ; they are as slaves beneath a skilled and power- ful taskmaster, and each must perforce do its best. This, however, has long been known, and the best gardeners of our own and other lands have almost ceased to wonder at the miracles performed by grafting on the so-called "restricting" stocks. Our practice, then, of placing vigorous scions upon weaker consti- tutioned stocks induces the latter to do their best, and very often succeeds in inducing pre- cocity and fruitfulness, is right in principle ; but the reverse of this, namely, to graft weakly constitutioned scions upon vigorous habited headed-oft stocks, with the idea that the scions will be necessarily strengthened thereby, is wrong. No matter how strong constitutionally the stock may be, its rooting or feeding power is entirely regulated by the leaf-growth it sup- ports, and hence, in order to strengthen weakly constituted grafts, we must encourage the growth of the stock above the graft or grafts, if not permanently at least until the ingrafted portions have developed leaf-power enough to exercise command over the roots of the stock on their own account. How do our great Rose growers treat their acres of budded stocks ? Do they not leave a growth above the buds .? Those who do not, might do so with advantage in the case of weak-growing varieties on the Brier or wild stock. In practice it may ultimately be found best to effect a compromise by selecting as stocks varieties which themselves bear fruits (or flowers in the case of Roses, &c.) of merit, and then by judicious pruning the right and profitable balance between scion and stock, or the copartnery of two varieties on one stock, may be kept. Thus by grafting, aided by pruning, we may adjust the balance between mere vegetative growth and sexual vigour, and so make a tree more fruitful — more serviceable to us — than when on its own roots. We must not rest here, however, we should never forget that it is surely not impossible to raise seedling varieties suited to different soils and requirements, and in which the balance between sufficiently vigorous \ egc- tative growth and fruitfulness is naturally so equal that grafting will only be necessary for propagating purposes and pruning will be ahnost superseded altogether. Thus may the old gardener's saw become true, " A good crop of fruit is the best kind of pruning." X. New Garden Plants. Odontoglossum ORIENTALE, It. Sf.* This appears to be a good Orchid in the way of Odontoglossum spathaceum and pardininn. It has to take rank between O. revolutum, Lindl. (true, not in Europe, not to be confounded with Lindeni, so near it in the callus of the lip, so distant in habit and shape of flower), and O. auropurpureum of Rchb. f. It is nearer the last, very near indeed, but its flowers are much more stately, larger, its pedicelled ovaries are longer than the bracts, which are longer also. Then there is a good mark of dis- tinction in the shape of the lip and in the callosities of the same. Odontoglossum revolutum, Lindl. (Martweg's plant), has a lip angulate on both sides at tlie base, whereas in this it is round-lobed each side. Imagine an inflorescence 2 or 3 feet long with many straggling branches (twelve or thirteen in my three specimens, but the richest has twelve, and is deci- dedly only the superior half, as one may conclude from the length of the branches), and the flowers arc larger than those of Odontoglossum pardinum, evidently yellow, spotted on the petals, upper sepal and lip with some dark colour (why did you not specify the colour, Mr.Klaboch? — that forgetfulness may cost you many sovereigns !). The slender column has a sharp angle in the middle of each side. I think it must be recommended. Don't ask about altitude — our friend did not think of that. A memorandum of the late .Schlim gives 9000 to to, 000 feet for O. auropurpureum, so our plant may have a similar station. About bulbs and leaves I am sorry to say I ha\'e nothing to say. Mr. Ed. Klaboch found it on the Eastern Andes, I believe, of Ecuador. H. G. Kihb.f. DeNDROBIUM CIIRYSANTIIUM MICROnlTUALMUM, ;(. var. We knew a var. Paxtoni of this well-known species a long time ago — the Dendroluum Paxtoni, Lindl., and reduced by the illustrious author himself. It is distinguished hy its even sepals not having tubercles outside, by its serrate sometimes acute petals, and the ^ Odontoglossum orientale, n. sp. — Panicula ampHssim.i ; vagints spathaceis ; raniulis pluriflons ; bracteis spathaceis ter- tiam ovarii pcdicellati scquantibus : sepalis unguiculatis oblongis acutatis undiilatis ; tepalis vi.v latioribus subjcqualibiis ; labello tritido, lacimis lateialibus seinirotundis crcnulatis, lacinia antice triangula aciuniiiata utidulala. lainellis geminis semioblongii mijiisculis inter lactnias laterales, carina nexuosa antice libera acute inteijecta, papula acuta et laniellula sub- quadrata retusa utrinque ante lamcllam ; columna medio angu- lata— fiores baud diibie flavis macuHs cbscuris in sepalo impari ; tepalis : labello— And. orient. E. Klaboch. H, G. KcM. f. longer fimbri,v to the lip. Now our new variety has the same kind of sepals, even outside, but while the jietals arc very little serrate and quite blunt, the fimbria: of the lip are exceedingly short, almost obso- lete, and the four or two pallid brown blotches, in lieu of the two Ijig dark central ones, stand near the base. The stem at hand has as many as four flowers in one cluster. I obtained this jilaut from Mr. W. Bull, in the present month of March. //. G. Rchb. f. Cattleya Trian.e Hardyana, II. var. A delightful and apparently new variety of the old Cattleya Triana:. Its flowers are large and gene- rally white. The petals are while, washed with the lightest whitish ])urple, especially on the middle part. The lip in the anterior part is of the warmest purple, a light border of purple extends round the wavy margin, and there is a light ochre- coloured central line wilh two anterior shanks. Column pure white. This variety has attracted numerous visitors, some of whom wished to see it in their own glasshouses, and not in those of Mr. Veo Hardy, Pickering Lodge, Timperly, Cheshire, the happy possessor, whose name it deservedly bears. As for me I have to thank my oldest English Orchidic correspondent, Mr. .Stuart Low, for the pleasure of seeing the flower. H. G. Kchb. f. INTERESTING STOVE PLANTS. The mixed stoves of amateurs are too often, like their greenhouses, filled up with plants of ephemeral beauty, like Coleuses, Caladiums, and Begonias, to the exclusion of those of permanent and growing interest. In a mixed house, be it hot or cool, there will always be cramming and loss of plants, and much time wasted in shifting pots back and forward, for plants are mightily human in their selfish love of the best place, and resent being removed from (he hottest or coolest, driest or dampest spot which suits them, but which is required to revive in turn some other favourite plant. Coleuses are notoriously troublesome to keep over the winter in small establish- ments, and Caladiums take up much room in summer, and cannot be at all crushed. As cramming must be the order of things, let there be subjects characteristic when of small size, and that always repay watching and observing. Of Coleuses let there be a selection of half a dozen of the very best, not merely the " new ones of the season;" and let the same strict rule be adhered to with both the old Rex section of Begonias and of the tuberous sorts, as also Caladiums, Tydreas, Gloxinias, Achimenes, &c. Following the order noted for the greenhouse— 1st, plants of sweet-scented foliage ; 2d, those of peculiar growth; 3d, ornamental fruit bearers; and 4th, climbers — I can only name under the first head Pogostemon Patchouly and Cinnamomum zeylanicum. The first is very easily struck and grown. I have never seen the spike of small whitish flowers. Those who dislike the tenacious smell need not touch it, and then it would not be known to be in the house, A small plant of the Cinnamon, with its glossy ribbed leaves, of a bright rose colour when young, is ornamental, as well as pleasant to nibble at while working in the stove, and it is re- freshing to smell if one has brushed past the patchouly with its overpowering perfume ; and coming out in a winter's day from the close stove into snow or bitter winds a bit of the astringent leaf is no bad preservative against sore throat, if one is subject to such. I never throw an old leaf away; it retains the smell and flavour for any time. Xylo- phylla latifolia and Reidia glaucescens both flower peculiarly ; the first on the edge of the so-called leaf, really a flattened out branch ; the other hanging in .1 thin red fringe below the edge of its leaves. Where X. latifolia and X. fraxinifolia are not both grown, the former is surest to flower, and a most attractive plant it is, although one botanically without leaves. Reidia glaucescens gets leggy when old ; small speci- mens are therefore best, and it is quite distinct and graceful withal. Phyllanlhus nivea, allied to both Xylophylla and Reidia, should also be grown. The mottled white leaves — occasionally they are pure white— are very pretty. It flowers like Reidia, but sparsely. Dorstenia is a very singular genus of herbaceous plants. The largest collection I ever saw was Mr. Wilson Saunders' at Reigate. D. maculosa, with long heart-shaped leaves, blotched with white, is useful for cutting ; the peculiar fruit or receptacle is a flat shield March 22, 1879.] THE Cr/1RDENnRS' CHRONIC/Jl 367 at the end of a 6-inch stalk ; it also lasts long in water, and seeds and increases quickly. Allied to Figs, flowers so understood are of course not to be looked for. D. lasiantha is still more singular. Instead of a flat shield the receptacle is forked, a pair of dark brown outcurved horns 2 inches long. They catch the eye at once, as also the flat buttons at the tip of each branch of D. Contrayerva. This last is a firm little bush of I .^ foot high. There are between 2 and 3 dozen species, but these three are a very fair example of what perhaps, save for microscopic study, is a more curious than beautiful tribe of plants. They are no trouble to grow, and are free naturally of vermin. Another set of plants I observe attract my young friends, who are always on the look-out for the pre- sent of a rat's-tail, but the Peperomias have many of them beautiful foliage. P. arifolia is a charming little plant, the beauty of the family. P. maculosa and P. argyreia have glossy smooth marbled oval leaves, 6 inches long, and the spadix or flower-spike of maculosa (rat's-tails) is 13 inches long and lasts for weeks : seedlings come up in the pots within reach. Then there are tiniest mouse-tails, as in the small growing Saxifrage-like P. pulchella and P. rubella, with red-stalked bright green leaves — all easily grown and taking up little room. Aspidistra lurida, although so well known a plant, has its curious flower too seldom observed, and one plant should be kept in the stove until that has been watched and known. I have often been told that the great drawback of so useful a room plant is its having no flower, and have simply been thought imposing on my friend's superior wisdom or ignorance, when on lifting the surfacing of moss I have displayed the pur- plish flower growing as it were out of the soil. The miniature and scarce A. angustifolia variegata is a treasure for a crowded house : there seems no possi- bility of increasing it. The leaves are 3 inches long, and have much white in them. I got our little plant above twenty years ago from the well-known Mr. Buckley, of Rollisson's, who reluctantly parted with one of his two plants. I am not aware of any soil or treatment that we have not tried with it. We are thankful to have it safe, of exactly the same size, and visions of getting up a stock are at an end. Marica Sabini is an Iris-like plant, and at the end of one or two of the long leaves, which then hang over the pot, is a nice tufty young plant. The flower, which I have never seen, is beautiful and evanescent, lasting. Iris-like, but one day, but the plantlet swinging about in the air at the tip of the plain ribbon leaf, has a curious look. Strictly speaking this ribbon-leaf is a runner and a flower-stalk. Ficus diversifolia has a succession of its yellowish fruits all the year, and plants of even I foot high are useful ; the branches when cut last long in water, and the thick cuneiform leaf ought to stand, one would think, as well as F. elastica or angustifolia, but we have not hardened it sufficiently or paid attention to that point. I am confident it is our fault, and that it might be a most desirable room plant. F. religiosa is more like a Poplar than a Fig, and its 2 inches of elongated tip of leaf gives it a distinct character. Then the minima variety of F. repens (although it should be placed under head 4, "climbers ") is not often enough employed. It is such a temptation to get the back wall quickly covered where nothing will flower (that stumbling-block of the amateur, as if there was no interest in a plant save in its flower) that F. repens usurps every such space : a ]3ortion should certainly be left for the tiny F. minima, which also does well in a basket ; grown in this way, however, one loses the opportunity of watching its root-climbing properties, which, tiny as it is, are very persistent, and it brings down the lime and plaster when detached from the wall. I presume, therefore, it also, as Mr. Darwin writes of F. repens, emits a "viscid fluid," which, ultimately modified into an unelastic cement, is used by the F. repens to cement its rootlets to any surface which it ascends. I have frequently heard Aralia Sieboldii called an evergreen Fig, and perhaps it requires as much faith to believe that between such there is no relationship as is needful to credit the statement that F. elastica, F. religiosa, F. repens minima, and the Fig of com- merce are of one and the same family. The struc- ture of the fruit is, however, essentially the same in all, great as is the difference in habit and appearance. It is well to grow these half dozen interesting species, if for nothing else than to prevent oneself flying to mis- taken conclusions, /. J. Hope, IVardie Lodge, Edin- burgh, PELARGONIUM-GROWING FOR MARKET. The exhibitions of the Royal Horticultural Society, which have sometimes included market i^lants among the objects staged, have scr\ed to illustrate in a remark- able manner the really marvellous specimens produced in so short a time, full of healthy vigorous shoots and covered with many and beautiful trusses of flowers. The wonders done with the regulation 4S-pots have already been told in these pages ; perhaps the greatest marvel of all is how such a perfectly finished specimen can lie produced from such a limited root s]5ace. There is the stamp of the true artist in the man who can so successfully unveil this extent of Nature's possibilities. " Earth appeareth in garments of beauty new drest," and we look on and wonder that from out of such an unpromising modicum of soil can come such perfect plants and flowers to reward the exertions of the patient and striving cultivator. Genius hath taken up its abode with the lowly gardener, and "prompting to noblest deeds" in his particular pursuits, rewards him abundantly as he witnesses his productions rising to higher levels of perfection in development, Mr. William Brown of Hendon is one of the leading growers of market Pelargoniums, and his plants are not surpassed by any others taken into the market. Formerly, when joined in business with his brother, the annual output was from 10,000 to 12,000 plants, but as each pursues his separate way under new arrangements, he grows now 5000 to 6000 plants. All market Pelargoniums are valuable for their decorative qualities, and it is required that they be of good free yet short-jointed habit, symmetrical in growth, and blooming freely in good trusses of bloom. Mr. Brown prefers high-coloured flowers, and finds they obtain the best sale ; and in order that he should have something quite to his mind he has raised some seedlings of his own, which answer his purposes to a considerable degree. To these reference shall be made presently. Of varieties raised by others, and in ordinary growth for market work may be mentioned Mabel (Foster), a very fine painted flower with rich dark upper petals and fine form ; Rob Roy (Foster), a good free- flowering rosy purple variety; Reflection (Weatherall), bright magenta-rose, very free and good ; Whetstone Hero, deep pink, dark blotch on top petals ; Mrs. John Wood, large white ; and Marie Lemoine, a very fine white, but not a good grower. All these are really good market varieties, but they are gradually being elbowed out of cultivation by the superior merit of Mr. Brown's seedlings. Some time ago seedlings were raised on this esta- blishment. One of them, an old but favourite market variety, still grown, is Integrity ; and this was the parent from which Mr. Brown obtained his fi\'e new varieties. One of the most useful of these is Mermerus, very fine pale magenta-crimson in colour, with dark spots, and dark upper petals ; habit close, compact and free. \'isitors to the Whit Monday show of the Royal Horticultural .Society will perhaps remember a group of Pelargoniums staged by Mr. Brown, among which were some plants of Mermerus, that were surprising examples of successful growth ; one of the plants of this variety, growing, be it remembered, in a 48-pot, was found to have six main shoots, bearing in all forty-one trusses of bloom, averaging eighteen pips on a truss ; besides others in the bud state. Other varieties are Fascination, bright magenta-pink ; Mirror, bright crimson-rose, very free and good ; Challenger, dark top petals with pale magenta-pink lower petals, very bright and effective ; Mermerus Improved, a fortunate sport from Mermerus, with a much heightened colour, best described as a bright carmine-scarlet, very free and fine ; F. A. Dickson, very bright rosy scarlet lower petals, with scarcely a stain on them, rich dark top petals, and wonderfully free ; Robert Green, a seed- ling from Mermerus, bright deep magenta-rose, small black blotch on top petals, very fine ; and Duchess of Edinburgh, the leading white, an excellent variety, that is becoming largely grown for market purposes. Mr. Brown regards T. A. Dickson as his finest seedling, and thinks that its wonderful floriferous- ness and its other excellent qualities will cause it to be generally grown when sufficient stock of it is obtainable. The Pelargonium houses at Hendon form a sight nf unusual brilliancy in May and June, when the plants are in full bloom ; one house, 56 feet by 16 feet, with a broad slojiing stage, contained some- thing like 700 plants, nearly all ready for market. As fast as room is made by the withdrawal of plants others are brought in from neighbouring houses. The first plants sent to market are in 32-sized pots, and are cut-down plants of the previous autumn. Then follow ])lants raised from cuttings in the usual way. The great bulk of the plants arc raised from cuttings, and these are put in from June till August. When a batch of plants is selected for market the choice varieties are gone through, and any bit of growth from whicli a cutting can be made, not necessary to the effective appearance and symmetry of the plants, is cut away and made into cuttings. The work is thus constantly going on, Init the great bulk of the cuttings are put in at the end of July and m August, in 4S-pots, ten and twelve in a pot. They are simply put anywhere in a house where there is space to accommodate them, and when sufficiently rooted the largest are put into 60-pots ; and the smallest into thumbs, and in these they are wintered, and are potted off' into their blooming (48-sized) pots when there is room in the house to accommodate them. It is while the plants are in 60-pots that the foundations of these are laid, and I could understand the force of Mr. Brown's remark when he said he did not care for the plants being in 48-pot5 so long as they were occupying and doing well in 6o's. There are no secrets in the mode of cultivation — • it is simply a matter of close and constant attention from beginning to end. No magician's wand is handled by the grower with which to touch his subjects and see them suddenly grow up into strength and glorious bloom ; but it is a matter of patient hard work and unwearying watchfulness, keeping the plants growing, in health, clean and comfortable. A'ery little feeding in the way of administering stimulants is done. The great thing is to have a holding soil to get the plants well filled with roots ; and to keep the soil thoroughly moist till the plants leave the house for market. A great deal in the way of fumigation is requisite ; growers for market spend a comfortable income in tobacco in some form or the other ; no quarter is given to greenfly, and they can scarcely survive a bath of suffocating smoke. Tying out and training is almost an art ; one has only to watch a practised hand at this work to note the clever and rapid manipulation brought into play. The Pelargonium is one of the most largely grown of market plants, as it is one of the best cultivated ; and when we reach the time that a Horticultural University shall be set up to teach improved methods of performing practical work, some of the clever Pelargonium growers will have strong claims to elevation to the professorial chairs. R. D, MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN ORCHIDS. {Continued from p, 3.^4.) EpidendRUM Galeottianum, Rich,, Ann. Sc. Nat.. 3 s(^rie, ii., p. 21. Mexico. E. Ghiesbreghtianum, Rich, ct Gal., Ann. Sc. Xat., 3Serie,iii.,p. 19; Gard. Cliron. 1868, p. 815. Mexico; E. glaucum, Lindl., P.ot. Rel,^ 1840, Mi^c, 56. Epilhecia glauca, Knowics and W'estc, Fl. Cab. ii., t. 87. IC. brachiatum, Kicli. et Gal. Mexico, 3000 feet. E. globosum, Jacq. Amer., p. 222, t. 133. Isochilus globosus, Eindl. Mosquito Coast, West Indies, Guiana. E. graviduni, Lindl., Journ. Hort. Soc. Lend, iv, j p. 114. Mexico. M. giatiosum, Rciil). f., Bonpl 1856, 215. Central America or Mexico {?). E. guttatum, Rich, et Gal., Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 serie, iii., p. 20. Mexico. E. Hanburii, IJndl., Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc., 80. Mexico. E. imatophyllum, Lindl., Fol. 222 {?( Nicaragua, E. imbricatura, Lindl., Fol. 243. Costa Rica, Jamaica?, Hrazil. E. incomptum, Rchb.f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 733. Guate- mala, Vcrngua. E. ionophlcljiuni, Rchb. f. , Beltr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 103. Costa Rica. E. Karwinskii, Rchb. f., Bonpl. 1856, p. 327. Isocbihis ccrnuus, Lindl. Mexico. E. laccrlinum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc., 109. E. indusiatum, KI. Guatemala. E. lamprocaulon, Rchb. f. , Bot. Zeit. 1S52, p. 735. Mexico. 7500 feet. E. lancifoliuni, Pav. , Lindl. Gen. andSp. Orch., p. 98 ; Bot. Reg. 1842, t. so. Mexico. E. latilabre, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc., 16 ; Costa Rica (Brazil), ^.68 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [fttAliClt 22, 1879. E. ledifolium, Rich, et Gal, Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 serie, iii., p. 21. Mexico. E. leucomelanum, Rchb. f., Linnn^a, xli.. p. 83. Mexico. E. lignosum, Llav. et Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. ii., ]■). 23. Mexico. E. lif;iilatum, Llav. et Le.x., Nov. Veg. Descr. ii., p. 26. Mexico. E. limbatum, IJndl., Bot. Reg. 1843, Misc., 104. Guatemala. E. Linlcianuni, Kl., AUg. Gartz. 1829 ; Lindl. Fol. 39. E. Pastoris, Linl<. tind Otto ; Abbild., t. 12, non Llav. et Lex. E. tripterum, Lindl. Mexico. E. luteoroseum, Rich, et Gal., Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 siirie, iii., p. 19. Mexico. E. macrobotiyuni, Lindl. et Rclib. f. , Bonpl. 1S56, p. 327. Guatemala. E. marmoratum, Rich, et Gal., Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 sifrie, iii., p. 21 ; Rchb. f., Gard. Chron. n.s., v., p. 688. Mexico. E. meliosmum, Rchb. f. , Gard. Chron. 1869, p. 989. Mexico. E. michuacanum, Llav. etLex., Nov. Veg. Descr. ii., p. 26. Mexico. E. microbulbon. Hook., Ic. PI., t. 347. Mexico, 7000 feet. E. microcharis, Rchb. f. . Gard. Chron. 1870, p. 1246 ; Xenia, iii., p. 12, t. 208. Guatemala. E. microdendron, Rchb. f., Beitr. Orch. Ccntr. .\ni., p. 84. Costa Rica. E, miserum, Liiidl., Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc., 62. Mexico. E. niyodes, Rchb. f., Beitr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 86. Costa Rica. E. myrianthum, Lindl., Fol. 184 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5556. Guatemala, at a great elevation. E. ntevosum, Lindl., Fol. 6. Mexico, 4000 feet. E. nemorale, Lindl., Hooker's Joum. Bot. iii., p. 82. E. verrucosum, Lindl., Bot. Reg. 1844, t. 51. Mexico, Jamaica. E. nitens, Rchb. f., Beitr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 82. Guatemala. E. nocturnum, Linn., Sp. PI. 1349 ; Bot. Reg., t. 1961 ; Bot. Mag., t. 3298. E. discolor, Rich, et G.al, E. tridens, Pcepp. et Endl. E. Spruceanum, Lindl. Common and widely spread. E. nonchinense, Rchb. f. , Walp. Ann. vi., p. 324. Broughtonia chinensis, Lindl. Costa Rica. E. Nubium, Rchb. f., Beitr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 81. Guatemala. E. obtusum, .A.D.C, PI. Rar. Genev., 8, not., p. 17. Mexico. E. ochraceum, Lindl, Bot. Reg., 1838, Misc., 15, t. 26. E. triste, Rich, et Gal. Mexico to Costa Rica, common. E. CErstedii, R:hb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 937. Costa Rica. E. oncidioides, Lindl, Bot. Reg., t. 1623. E. grani- ticum, Lindl. E. affine and spectabile, Focke. E. guatemalense, Kl. Guatemala, Guiana, Brazil E. ovalifohum, Lindl, Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 104. Mexico. E. Ovulum, Lindl, Bot. Reg. 1843, Misc., 71. Mexico. E. pallens, Rchb. f., Beitr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 82. Costa Rica, 9300 feet. E. Panthera, Rclili. f. , Bonpl 1S56, p. 326. Guate- mala. E. paranthicum, Rchb. f. , Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 736. Guatemala. E. Pastoris, Llav. et Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. ii., p. 23. Mexico. E. patens, Sw. Ind. Occ. iii., p. 1495 ; BDt. Mag., t. 3800. Guatemala, West Indies. E. pentadactylum, Rchb. f., Bonpl ii., p. 89: Xenia, i., t. 48. Costa Rica, 9000 feet. E. pcrgameneuni, Rchb. f. , Beitr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 86. Costa Rica. E. phyllocharis, Rciib. f. , Xenia, ill, p. 11, t. 208. Costa Rica. E. phymatoglossum, Rchb. f. , Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 731. Mexico. E. physodes, Rchb. f., Gard. Chron. 1873, p. 289. Costa Rica. E. pilifenim, Rchb. f. , Linna^a, xIl, p. 82. Veragua. E. platystigma, Rchb. f., Beitr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 83. Costa Rica. E. polyanthum, Lindl, Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 106; Ref. Bot. ii., t. 112 ; Batem. , Orch. Mex. and Guat. , t. 34. E. bisetuni, T^indl E. funiferum, Morr. .Ann. Gand. iv. , t. 198. Mexico, Honduras. E. porpax, Rchb. f., Bonpl. iii., p. 220. Nicaragua. E. porphyreum, Lindl, Hooker's journ. Bot. iii., p. 86. Guatemala (?), Peru. E. pratense, Rchb. f. , Beitr. Orch. Centr. Am., p. 84. Guatemala. E. prismatocarpnm, Rchb. f. , Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 729 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5336. Veragua. 5000 feet. E. propinquum. Rich, et Gal, \\\\\. Sc. Nat., 3 s^rie, iii., p. 21. Mexico. E. pruinosum Rich, et Gal , Ann. Sc. N.it. , 3 serie, iii., p. 20. Mexico. E. pseudepidendrum, Rchb. f. , Xenia, l. p. 160, t. 53 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5929. Pseudepidendrum spectabile, Rchb. f. Veragua, 4000 feet. E. pteroc.arpum, Lindl, Hooker's Journ. Bot. iii., p. 82 : Bot. Reg. 1844, t. 34. E. cinnamomeum. Rich, et Gal Mexico, 6000 — 7000 feet. E. pulchellum. Rich, et Gal, Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 s^rie, iii., p. 21. Mexico, 6500 — 7500 feet. E. pygmneum. Hook. Journ. Bot. l, p. 49. E. uni- florum, Lindl Mexico, West Indies, Brazil. E. radiatum, Lindl, Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc., 123, 1844, t. 45. E. marginatum, Kl. (?) E. bracteolatum, Presl. Mexico, 66. t. 90. t. 90. radicans, Pav. , Lindl Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 104. E. rhizophorum, Batem. Central America. ramonense, Rchb. f., Beitr. Orch. Centr. .•\m., p. 81. Costa Rica. ramosum, Jacq., Amer., p. 221, t. 132. E. rigi- dum, Lodd., Bot. Cab., t. 1600. Mexico, 5000 feet ; West Indies, Guiana, Brazil. resectum, Rchb. f. , Linnaea, xll, p. 82. Veragua. rhynchophorum. Rich, et Gal. Ann. .Sc. Nat., 3 s6rie, iii., p. 20. Mexico, 4000 feet. rigidum, Jacq., Amer., p. 222, t. 134; Hook. Ic. PI, t. 314. Mexico, West Indies, Guiana, Brazil. sculptum. Rich, et Gal, Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 st-rie, iii, p. 22. Mexico. scriptum, Rchb. l, Bonpl ii., p. 89. Panama, seUigerum, Batem., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., Mexico, Guatem.ala. seriatum, Lindl, Fol. 183, Ref. Bot. ii. Mexico, 5000 feet ; Guatemala. striatum, Lindl. Fol. 183; Ref. Bot. ii, Mexico, 5000 feet ; Guatemala. . sisyrinchifolium. Rich, et Gal, Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 s^rie, iii, p. 19. Mexico. Skinneri, Batem., Bot. Reg., t. i83i ; Bot. Mag., t. 3951. E. Fuehsii, Regel Mexico, Guatemala. , spondiadum, Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 731. Costa Rica. . squalidum, Llav. et Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. il, p. 24. Mexico. , Stamfordianum, Batem., Orch. Mex. and Guat^, t. II ; Bot. Mag., t. 4759. E. basilare, Kl. E. cycnostalix, Rchb. f. Mexico, Central America. stenopetalum, Hook., Bot. Mag., t. 3410. E. lamellatum, Lindl Honduras to Panama, W. Indies and Guiana. strophinx, Rchb. f., Linn^-^a, xll, p. 78. Guate- mala. subaquilum, Lindl, Bot. Reg. 1846, under t. 64. Mexico or Guatemala. subulatifoUum, Rich, et G^l, .Ann. Sc. Nat., 3 serie, iii., p. 21. Mexico. , teres, Rchb. f., Bonpl. iii., p. 220. America, 10,000 feet. , tessellatuni, Batem., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. Mag., t. 3638. Mexico, Guatemala. tetraceros, Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, Ver.agua. , trachycarpum, Lindl, Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph., p. 172. Centr.al America. ,. tr.achychilum, Lindl, Fol. 57. E. alatum, Lindl, PI Hartw. Guatemala. . tripunctatum, Lindl, Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc., t. 131. Mexico. . (?) turbinatum, Llav. et Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. il, p. 41. Mexico. , vandifolium, Lindl, Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. iv., p. 269. Mexico. , varicosum, Batem., Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc., 37. E. leiobulbon. Hook., Journ. Bot. iii, t. 10. E. quadratum, Kl. E. Lunceanum, .\. Ricli. mala. , venosum, Lindl, Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 99 ensicaulon. Rich, et Gal. Mexico. , V'ieji, Rchb. f., Bonpl iii., p. 22 ; Xenia, i.,*t. 48. Central .America. , virens, Lindl, Paxt. Fl Gard. l, under t. 30. E. Wageneri, Kl. E. ochranthum, A. Rich. Guate- mala, Cuba, Venezuela. , virgatum, Lindl, Hook. Journ. Bot. ill, p. 83. Mexico, 6500 feet. , vitellinum, Lindl, Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 97; Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 35 ; Bot. Mag., t. 4107. Mexico, Guatemala, 9000 feet. . volutum, Lindl, Paxt. FI. Gard. Gleanings, 427, fig. 215. Central .America. . Warscewiczii, Rchb. f., Bot. Zeit. 1852, p. 736. Central .America. {To he continuctl,) Central , 9 ; Bot. P- 735- Guate- E. THE PORTUGUESE LABIATE. Spain, Portugal, and Languedoc are the richest countries in representatives of this family (Bentham, Lahialanim gena-a et species). They can boast of 190 species, 138 of which are also common in other European countries. Only the Brazils surpass them in the number of species — 235. Viewing Portugal separately, we tind in Mr. Bentham's monograph of the Labiata; (D.C. Prodroiiius, vol. xii.), twenty-seven genera with seventy-nine species that have been col- lected in that kingdom. But at that time the Por- tuguese territory had been but very little explored botanically, and it is no exaggeration to say that the number of species has since increased 10 per cent. Take, for instance, genera like Lavandula, S.alvia, and Mentha, so very conspicuous in Spain, and for the present very poorly represented in Portugal, it seems not at all improbable tliat the number of Por- tuguese Labiatcc will amount by-and-bye, after the more careful exploration of some districts, to one hundred .species or even more. In the southern provinces of Spain the propor- tion of the Labiatx to the phanerogamic flora is as one to fifteen, while in Portugal it goes down to one to twenty-two. In Count de Ficalho's paper on Portugese Labiates, founded upon the study of the late Dr. Welwitsch's herbarium, the richest that ever has been collected in Lusitania (Apoittainentos payci 0 csliido da Flora Portiigucza, Lisboa, 1876) : twenty-nine genera with eighty-eight species aie elaborated. These latter can be divided into thirty- five shrubs, forty-three perennials, three biennials and seven annual ones. Teucrium Pseudochamaepytis, which Brotero and Link after him give as an annual species, is, in fact, both — either a small shrub or a vigorous perennial. If we look at the geographical distribution of these eighty-eight species we find six endemic ones, thirteen peculiar to the Peninsula, four which Spain and Portugal have in common with North Africa, eleven which grow everywhere in Southern Europe, twenty-five distributed over .South Europe, North Africa, and some other extra-European territories, twenty-seven dispersed over Europe and some parts of Africa and Asia, and at last two species which Portugal shares either with Madeira, or with Madeira and the Canaries, viz., Lavandula viridis. Ait., and Micromeria varia, Benth. Going still a step further on, and examining the localities in which they grow, ten species are only to be met with on moist places, two exclusively on the shore. Thymus Welwitschii and T. carnosus, and two are true mountainous plants. Thymus cces- pititius and Teucrium lusitanicum. The other seventy- four species grow indiscriminately either in valleys, plains, or hills and mountains, and prefer as a rule dry loamy soil. The shrubby Labiates consequently prevail, not only in the number of species (thirty-five) but particularly through the profusion of individuals, which cover in some districts large barren tracts, and deserve, in fact, to be called social plants. Never- theless they stand in this respect much after the Cistinea;, Leguminosa:, and Ericacea;, and can hardly be termed characteristic forms, be it even for the smallest region of this country. It is generally known that the Labiates show a great tendency to variation, and in the South this variation takes particular hold of the northern species, which lose more or less their typical aspect. Thus it can be explained why so many new species have found their way amongst the Portuguese Labiates, which, after a more careful examination were, with the exception of a few, reduced to old ones. The pubescent variety of Mentha Pulegium, for instance (Mentha Pule- gium, /3 villosa), has served to make three new species, Mentha tomentella, Hoft'm. et Lk.; M. gibraltarica, Wilkl. ; M. tomentosa, .Sm. This variety is quite common in Portugal, whilst the typical glabrous form of Pulegium is very rare. I was some- what surprised to find some authors citing Europe, excl. Scandinavia, as the native country of Mentha Pulegium. Mr. Baker On English Mints does not mention this species, while Mr. Bentham in the Pio- dionnis names also Anglia, Dania, and Suecia. But the Portuguese Labiates not only differ in shape, covering, &c., from the same species of northern climes, but also in the more or less strong odour peculiar to a great many European Labiates. Every one of us knows the Horehound (Marrubium vulgare), which increases its strong aromatic properties the further we go north (vide Schiibeler, Die Pflainen- -ti'elt Nonvegcns). This species also abounds in Portugal, but in the southern provinces it is quite scentless, and in the northern a slight odour is all which remains. Mentha viridis, M. sativa, M. gentilis, and M. Piperita are Portuguese garden plants, but it would not be advisable to cultixate them on a larger scale for economic purposes, as is the case, if I am not mistaken, in some parts of England. The volatile oils of these species are to a great extent lost under the burning sun of the .South ; but some of the true southern species possess in compensation a high aromatic flavour, and where any species of Thymus abound the visitor is from a great distance attracted through their most agreeable perfume. One of the oldest garden plants in Portugal is Ocimum Basilicum ; it is quite a favourite with all, and even the poorest have during the summer months two or three plants of Majericao, nicely grown in pots, in front of the window. The Portuguese know at least eight varieties, which differ from each other through a peculiar scent, and these remain constant by seeds. Beautiful as the Labiates are when they are met with in large masses, still there are very few of the eighty-eight Portuguese species worthy of being intro- duced into our gardens. Phlomis purpurea has been a cultivated jilant with us for many years, but nobody can have a proper idea of its beauty except he has seen this small shrub grow- March 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 369 ing in such abundance as on the hills near Setubal, where, during the spring months, its large purple- pow- dered flower-heads form a splendid contrast with the whitish foliage. Employed in a similar way, I fancy Phlomis purpurea would add a new charm to our shrubberies. Tcucrium fruticans is also a very orna- mental shrub ; in Portugal they use it for making hedges, which look very neat indeed, and might be advantageously imitated elsewhere. Salvia argentea, not to be confounded with Salvia candidissima, is a very nice biennial plant, and Cleonia lusitanica as an annual species would be an excellent acquisition for the borders of our spring flora. E. Gocze, GreifswalJ. THE TEA TRADE OF CHINA. It is generally supposed that though immense quantities of tea are consumed in Europe, the Euro- pean tea-drinkers are quite ignorant of the delicate flavour that really good Tea ought to possess. The finest Teas are drunk only by the Mandarins, and are consequently kept in China ; and the next best quality, it is said, finds its way to Russia, and is con- sumed exclusively by the nobles, and being carried overland does not deteriorate on the journey, as Tea is said to do by a sea voyage. Be this as it may — that is, whether an ordinary shipload of Tea does dete- riorate by a usual sea voyage from China to London — it is well known that there is a brisk competition between fast-sailing ships to bring the new season's Tea to London in as short a time as possible — in short, an ocean race of clipper ships. To furnish these cargos unusual hurry must prevail in the gathering and drying of the leaves, so that it is doubtful whether the Tea so brought is after all of the superior quality attributed to it. This opinion is to some extent verified by Mr. Consul Sinclair's report on the Tea trade of Foochow during the past year. He says : " At the opening of the market in May there was mani- fested the same eagerness among buyers for rapid shipment by the quickest route, the same rivalry to be the first to lay down the new Teas in the London market. Evidently this is the chief aim among buyers for home consumption. One would suppose that this hurry to buy and ship off would hardly leave time for the study of the leaf ; cargos must in many instances be put onboard in an imperfect state. Acompetition begun among the tea-men or brokers for the purchase of the Teas from the country growers, and followed up by a spirited competition among foreign buyers to obtain the Teas from the tea-men, cannot fail to enhance the price of the article for exportation. One other result of this double competition is, the neglect of the growers to improve the cultivation of the Tea plant. The shrub is left to wear itself out ; the leaf, at first left too long on the trees, in order to obtain larger leaves with greater weight of Tea, is the« hurriedly picked, and the Tea hastily prepared. No better proof of this exists than the marked inferiority of the Teas shipped from this port during the last few years. The growers find the present production sufficient for the wants of the foreign market ; it is, how- ever, noticeable that from Pan-yang, Fuh-ngan, and Ping-ngan, districts near to Foochow, the quantity of Tea brought to market during the past three or four years has been steadily increasing, and may now be estimated at almost double what it was about six or seven years ago. In the inland districts the cultivation, or rather the production, of Tei does not increase to any marked extent. Natives state the quantity of Tea brought to market could be largely, almost indefinitely increased, if there existed the de- mand. Of late years no Teas of really prime quality can be obtained in Foochow in any large quantity ; the low prices on the London market and the competi- tion with Indian-made Teas has probably much to do in bringing about this result." Unless very much care is bestowed on the picking and preparation of the leaf by the native growers, and more study be devoted to the subject generally, it is to be feared that Hankow and Calcutta may even- tually become the shipping ports for a safe and marketable article. Both these ports supply the home trade with fine, strong, and well-prepared Teas, which are, in consequence, readily saleable : they are so much liked by consumers, and are gradu- ally gaining so firm a hold in the United Kingdom, that the article sent forward from Foochow is begin- ning to rank only as common to medium Tea, and is >=ometimes difficult to realise. THE LATE FRANZ KLABOCH. On the nth of last month a telegram from the British Consul in Mexico reached me, which consisted of the two sad words, "Klaboch died." This message was confirmed the other day through the news con- veyed by letter, that he succumbed to the fever in Inquila, near Oajaca. It seems but yesterday when Mr. Roezl brought his nephew, Franz Klaboch, with him to England, with the intention of taking him to the tropics and of instructing him in his profession. His first journey was to Denver City in Colorado, a town not easily forgotten by Mr. Roezl, for here it was that his 2000 dols. were stolen from him. Franz Klaboch collected at first seeds and bulbs, and Yucca angusti- folia and quantities of Calochortus came to England; and for the first time Picea concolor was discovered in South Colorado. Shortly afterwards some new Cactuses and Yucca baccifera made their appearance from Mexico. Little rest did he have while with his uncle, who was bent on a great Lily hunt, and they returned to Denver City, and went via Cheyenne in Wyoming territory, to the Sierra Nevada of California, from whence the massesofConiferre seeds, LiliumWash- ingtonianum, parvum, Humboldtii and puberulum came ; but nowthe time came when Klaboch discovered his first new Orchid. Having returned to Mexico, he found Odontoglossum madrense, and this his first FRANZ KLABOCH. lUbiU was a good one, for O. madrense is a lovely Orchid, and only the other day, when shown in flower in King Street, its beauty attracted the eyes of all pre- sent, the spike being some iS inches long, and its sweet-scented flowers measuring some 4 — 5 inches across. From Mexico many good things came home, and after a long stay he went to La Guayra, from whence Cattleya labiata Roezlii and C. Mossia; arrived. Later on we find him returned to Vera Cruz and Santecomapan, and shortly after he joined his brother Edward, and both travelled in Mexico and forwarded Orchids, Cacti, Agaves, and the new Poinsettia pul- cherrima plenissima. The latter found its market in New York. The next voyage was to Ecuador, for Franz Klaboch was not to be persuaded away from the idea that Masdevallia Chimrera could not be brought alive to Europe ; he often tried, and as often failed ; but from Ecuador, if not Masdevallia Chimaara other novelties came home. Odonto- glossum cirrhosum and its splendid variety Klabo- chorum made its appearance, and he found his "blue elephant," as he often jokingly called it, his Bollea ccelestis. One good novelty was now followed by another, among the best being Maxillaria speciosa, Pescatorea Roezlii, P. Dayana, Paphinia rugosa, Batemannia Wallisii major, and Pescatorea Kla- bochorum. A fa'l from a rock stopped his travels for a short time, and a year later he came home with alarge and valuable consignment of Orchids, including 1000 Masdevallia Chima;ra — all, however, dead. Owing tothe Royal Mail steamer 7"aw/i2«(a stranding, he and his plants were twice transhipped under the equator, and when at last he reached England little or nothing was alive among his large number of Orchids ; and to make the sad cup still more bitter, the news of the death of his only sister reached his ears almost before he set his foot on land. After a stay of four months, during which time his leg had been healed, he started once more, and, alas ! on his last journey. Mexico was once more chosen as his hunting-ground, and after sending home some thirty cases of Orchids, he died near O.ijaca. On January 3 he wrote his last letter, as usual, full of spirit, saying that he was perfectly well ; fourteen days later he expired. It seems that Orchid collectors should either come home once a year or not come home at all until they intend to stay altogether. The con- stitution of tropical travellers does so utterly change when abroad that death is almost certain when again they plunge into the tropics after a stay of a few months in Europe. If leave is taken it should be for a period of twelve to eighteen months, as is done by our Indian officers. Wallis, although perhaps worn-out, was never well after his stay. Endres and Klaboch both died after a short stay in Europe. In Franz Klaboch we lose one of the most enterprising of col- lectors, always cheerful, full of enterprise and hope, clever and hard-working. He discovered during his young life many splendid novelties, which will carry his nime into future ages. He was liked by all who knew him, and a particular proti-gi of Professor Reichenbach, who often advised him in vain to give up his dangerous journeys. F. S. COFFEA LIBERICA. SiN'CE it was brought into commerce, this robust growing species has created a good deal of interest here. At first there were no facts upon which a right judgment could be formed ; now, however, the first imported plants have begun to bear fruit, and its merits or demerits may be discussed with some degree of safety. The Liberian species forms a real tree, and I am ot opinion that the dwarfer growth of the Arabian plant renders the latter a much better plant for cultivation on a large scale. The bean of the new sort is large ; the beverage it furnishes is not inferior to that of the common Coffee, and the productiveness of the plant I seems to be a large one, the young trees having been literally loaded with berries. The most important difierence, however, must be looked for in the structure of the fruit. The fleshy part or mesocarpium of the berry of Cofi'ea liberica is much more developed than it is in the berry of the common Coffee plant, and this is a default which decides the matter. To com- prehend this, it must be considered that the tedious and troublesome preparation of the crop for the market consists exclusively in the removal of the cover which encloses the bean. The following figures, which I obtained by carefully weighing, may show the great difference : — Weight of pericar- pium and endocar- piuni (or shell). Cofifea liberica , , arabica . 4 43 grammes. ■•35 Weight of endosperm (or beanj. I.20 grammes. 0.80 „ The proportion of the worthless shell to the bean is nearly as 4 to I with Cofi'ea liberica, while it does not attain 2 to I in Coffea arabica. Besides this, the Liberian fruit requires a full year for its maturity. Resting upon these facts, I consider the new Liberian species totally unfit to rival the common Coftea arabica as a plant for cultivation on a large scale. A. Lktze, Rio de Janeiro, February, 1879. CtiiNESE Botanical and Horticultural Literature. — A writer in Der Deutsche Gar/en states that the imperial library of China contains 15,000 works on the cultivation of flowers and botany, whereof about 500 are devoted to the Rose alone. Such quantities of Roses are grown in the Emperor's gardens that the sale of the essence prepared there- from annually brings /5000 into the treasury. Talk- ing of Chinese botanical literature, remimls us that the Japanese have already adopted the botanical nomenclature recognised in Europe and other countries, and their illustrations of the flora of Japan to which the Latin names are attached are exceed- ingly good. 370 THE G.I R DENE RS' CHRONICLE. [March 22, 1879. Forestry. Before leaving the subject of pruning it may be well to state what is usually found beneficial and com- mendable in the ornamental departments of forestry, especially to Conifera; as grown in the pinetum, and single ornamental trees generally. That the pruning, and indeed the whole treatment and culture of orna- mental trees, should be materially different from that of common forests, woodlands, and masses of trees grown for profit, must be obvious to the least initiated in the art. Wherein the differences lie, and what constitutes their necessity, I shall endeavour to show in the sequel. The outline, structure, and general char.acter of a purely ornamental tree is determined almost entirely by the taste of the grower, or those whom its appearance is to gratify. One person likes a close compact tree, and sees special beauty in such ; another admires an airy loose flowing character, and most admires this ; a third party perceives only charm and delight in an irregular, liard, and unique form of tree ; others again are only pleased with the quaint, irregular, and romantic ; while yet another class admires only the curious, fantastic, and grotesque. The pinetum of any considerable extent usually con- tains coniferous specimen trees of all sorts, and such as generally please the various tastes of individuals. The first class is charmed with such species as the Pinsapo Fir and the Chilian Arbor-vitae, to which to their taste and liUing no tree is to be compared. The kind of pruning these species generally require is attention to the leader, and preventing any lateral branches from extending beyond the prescribed limits, and those whose taste runs in "this direction usually prefer the Pinsapo Fir to be pruned and trained as a c(me or pyramid ; and if not subjected to an over-rigid process, it forms in the estimate of many whose taste is not to be disregarded a most delightful object. Those who like a more airy, light, and flow- ing character of tree, will find it in the P. lasiocarpa, or woolly-scaled .Silver Fir, common Larch, Pinus monticola, Weymouth Pine, &c. Pruning, and in- deed any culture, are less required in this class, just because the taste is less rigid and exacting, and is less required ; and except it be to relieve the tree of anyirre- gular branch that does not bend, and harmonise with the general structure, to give direction to the leader, re- move a dead or diseased branch, nothing further is required or should be done. The taste of the third party is most pleased with the Cedar of Lebanon, Atlas Cedar, common Silver Fir, Araucaria, &c. Pruning here again can do little to improve the tree in its points of admiration, as its irregularity constitutes to them its main feature of attraction. Double leaders, however, and such limbs as are liable to split from the tree by winds, lodgments of snow, &c., should so far be pruned as to render the risks less serious. The fourth class are usually most ple.ased with such trees as the Araucaria, common Yew, Cupressus Lambertiana, Pinus insignis, and such- like. Admirers of such a class as this rarely desire to see any pruning done, as with them any irregularity is a mark of beauty, or at least a point of admiration ; and it has to be admitted that when beauty or rather delight is seen in an irregular branch, it must be a wrong thing to denude the tree of such, and obliterate that feature which of all others in the tree affords most pleasure and delight. Pruning may, however, even here be admissible, for there are few trees so grown that one branch may not over-ride another and gall its bark, or a limb project at such an acute angle as to form between the surfaces of the bark a false con- nection, and such as will ultinuitely end in the two separating and doing irreparable damage to the tree. I have indicated in a very general way the kinds of preferences which different classes of individuals have for different species and descriptions of trees, but I have yet to notice that while one person has a special preference for one species and character of tree, it by no means follows that he has no appreciation of other trees. There are individual exceptions to this rule, but the rule I think is fairly this, that while perhaps any individual has one species or character of tree that he prefers to all others, he yet appreciates and finds delight in many if not all others. A well balanced mind is usually so constructed as to appreciate any natural product and specially all kinds and descriptions of trees ; while there are enthusiasts who go heart and mind into certain special subjects, and such men not unfrequenlly make discoveries in these directions that others would overlook, from the simple circumstance that they look neither long enough nor intensely enough in one direction. It is about trees, however, and not about men we are writing, hence I must go on to say, that each individual tree has to be grown in every way suited to its character, and specially in accord- ance with its nature and habits. No person, for example, would think it judicious to prune a Picea Pinsapo in a manner similar to the Cupressus Lambertiana, or treat an Araucaria as he would a Wellingtonia gigantea. One thing perhaps more than any other has to be considered in regard to orna- mental tree pruning and culture, namely, the exposure in which they are grown, I have found it quite necessary to shorten the extremities of the branches of the Abies Uouglasii in freely exposed situations, v/hereas in sheltered sites their defect was that their branches spread too little, hence required no shorten- ing. In another situation freely exposed to the South and East, and sheltered on the North and West by trees and rising ground, the trees of all species required the branches on the exposed side shortened, whereas on the sheltered side the branches were deficient and required no shortening. Indeed the regret with such is that more branches could not be added. An orna- mental tree, especially in its young state, should be fairly and evenly balanced, and equally rooted on all sides ; this is not a mere matter of taste, but a sine ijiia non in all tree culture, for unless duly attended to in youth, in old age it suffers often to destruction and premature extinction. In the culture of orna- mental trees — which I think should be always regarded as specimen trees, each the best and most perfect of its kind — if ornamental tree culture were primarily regarded as the culture of specimen trees there would then be something like a guide for pruning them, whereas without such object in view there can be nothing to guide and direct in the work but fancy, wild or tame, as the case may be. As an illustration of what I mean, a lady said she did not like the Larch either young or old, because when young as well as old it was naked and bare in winter, and in mature years it lacked that rounded cloudy top so admirable in the Bonnet Scots Fir, the native Highland Pine of Scotland. Gilpin, in his Forest Scenery, says in respect to the Silver Fir, "it is ugly in the extreme," and he scarcely finds a place in the wide world sufficiently unworthy of it. Now, with all deference to those who hold such views and sentiments, I venture to say that in its own place the Silver is as grand and worthy a tree as the woodland can boast of, and over which the forest may with commendation clap its hands. Any one with a landscape picture before him of the native mountains of Switzerland will usually observe the Larch as a prominent object, and its thin, sharp, spear-like lops, pointed, jagged, and weather-beaten, betoken the adaptation of means to ends, for in such exposures, with clouds of snowstorm and tempest to weather and outlive, no tree known to us would so well endure. Bearing then in mind the natural characteristics of any individual species of tree, and what it is in its highest state of perfection, we ought in all our efforts at culture, whether of planting, thin- ning, or pruning, to seek that attainment, or as near an approximation to it as can be. C. V. Michie, CiiUcii House, Ciiilen, March 13. Orchids for Amateurs, &c. By James Britten, F.L.S., andW. H. Gower. The Country Oificc. The increasing popularity of Orchids is illustrated among other manners by the present volume — a re- print we believe from the pages of the Country, It is the joint work of a competent botanist exceptionally well placed for the task he has undertaken, and a successful cultivator with the experience of a quarter of a century. So far then we have a right to expect a work of superior merit. The two introductory chapters — that on cultivation, and especially that on struc- ture— are rather meagre, though it is hardly neces- sary to say, correct as far as they go. The genera are arranged upon no system that we can discover. Odontoglossum comes first, and Mesospinidium last, the interval bein^ filled in with Dendrobes, Cattleyas, Oncidiums, and most of the best known and most showy genera. Under the head of each genus the most showy species are picked out for special notice. The work, in short, is a t.lescriptivc catalogue of the most attractive varieties, and such as are most likely to fulfil the requirements of amateurs, A few wood- cuts rather coarsely executed are interspersed among the pages of the book. One of the best features in the work is the index, in which the species are classified according as they are adapted for cultivation in the East Indian, Brazilian, or Peruvian house . Traite de Mineralogie. ByUr. J. Leon Soubeiran. Pans : Rothschild. A short treatise, in French, on mineralogy for the use of students of pharmacy, comprising a brief descrip- tion of the principal minerals and metals, a still briefer sketch of the geological history of the globe, and a third portion devoted to the characteristics of mineral waters. HARDY FRUIT GARDEN. Notwithstanding the frequent frosty nights and occasional showers of snow, the buds of fruit trees are now swelling fast and showing in great abundance, thus giving us promise of a fruitful year if we can only escape late frosts and other disasters to which the tender blossoms and young fruit are liable. Apricots are coming on rapidly and are no longer safe without some sort of protection. Ours have a light covering on night and day for the present to re- tard them, but the time will soon arrive when the covering must be rolled up early in the morning when there is no frost and at other times as soon as the frost disappears. It is important to have the canvas, or whatever the material is, so fitted up with strings or rings, or both, as to be easily made secure by night and by day against rough winds, otherwise both shading and trees may get damaged by beating and chafing each other. Favourable opportunities for planting trees seem to be both few in number and of very short duration at present ; it will be well therefore not to attempt more of such work than can be done without much diffi- culty, as there is nothing gained by planting trees in a hurry-scurry manner at this, or indeed at any other time of year; and unless the trees are actually in hand, and all the necessary preparations have been previously made, it will be better to defer the work until next autumn. Guard against deep planting, and see that no manure finds its way into the soil about the roots. Spread the latter out so as to cover as much ground as possible, commencing with the bottom roots first, which should have a good covering of earth before placing the next tier, and so on, finishing off with the collar of the tree a little above the surrounding level. I have frequently planted both young and old fruit trees ' without making a hole at all by fixing them firmly on the spot they were to occupy, and conveying sufficient soil to properly fill up between and cover their roots, and I never saw fruit trees do better than these have done. This plan, however, is not admissible in all cases, and therefore is not recommended for universal adoption, much depending upon the levels in the immediate vicinity and other circumstances. On the other hand, I would observe that dig- ging a hole to plant a tree in often means making a pan to collect water, which will ruin the tree if ample means for it to drain rapidly away are not pro- vided. Bring up all arrears of pruning as quickly as possible, and see to filling up any blanks that may have occurred in the Strawberry beds that were made last year. Our plan of grow- ing Strawberries here is to make a new planta- tion of runners every year in the month of August, planting in rows a yard apart and a foot between the plants, and taking a crop of Endive between the rows, so that no ground is lost, and we have an abundance of plants to fill up all blanks in the spring. The alpine varieties are best raised from seed sown in boxes about September, and kept in cold frames during the winter ; but where such plants are not at hand, runners may be taken up now and planted ip lines by the side of walksand paths ingood richdamp soil — a dry hot place they do not like — and by the end of summer, or before, they will have made fine strong plants and will bear freely from that time until stopped by frost. Their fruits are held in high esteem for making ices and jellies, and are not to be despised as a dish late in the season, F. Harrison, A'no-ws/ey. FLOORER GARDEN, ETC. The operations connected with the propagating de- partment should now be in full swing. The dilapida- tions in the general stock caused by so long a period of sunless weather will by this time have become apparent, and thus form a guide as to the numbers required to supply deficiencies. Pelargoniums, espe- cially those which were not well-rooted, have suffered very much, and will require extra care in providing sufficient stock, and an excellent plan is to prick the cuttings into shallow boxes about 2 feet square, and place them on bottom-heat with a tolerably dry atmo- sphere. A shelf which is close to, or even resting March 22, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 371 upon, hot-water pipes, will induce them to root very freely. Amongst the infinite nimiber of varieties which are now available for the piirpv>ses of bedding the nosegay section are most to he depended upon, and Triomphe de Stella and Charlie Casbon may be selected as very fair types of the class to guide the purchaser. The bedding Zonal class is useful for large beds, and affords some \ery brilliant colours, and if edged with a double rov/ of whites with a dwarf habit are very effective. The propagation of Dahlias should now be especially attended to, rooted plants potted off, and gradually prepared for a cooler tem- perature. The bouquet or pompon varieties are very useful both for bedding out and in mixed borders. Three distinct varieties for bedding in masses arc Little Wonder, White Bedder, and Pluton ; all the sorts are exceedingly useful where cut flowers are in abundance. The larger show varieties are N-ery effec- tive as a background to mixed borders, and also in vacant spaces in the shrubbery borders ; but for strictly ornamental purposes, those sorts only should be selected which throw the flowers well above the foliage. Many very beautiful flowers for exhibition hide their flowers under the foliage, and are of no use for flower garden decoration. The roots of Cannas may now be brought out from the winter quarters, divided and potted, and placed in heat to give them a start, and afterwards removed to a colder tempera- ture. .Seedlings of the various kinds of subtropical plants will now be advancmg, and should be potted off' and retained in a brisk heat until well rooted, when, if necessary, a portion may be shifted into larger pots, and the whole introduced by degrees into a graduating scale of temperature with a view to the indurating process. Plants for various bedding-out purposes, such as Salvias, Heliotropes, Cupheas, Coleus, Iresine, Verbena, Crystal Palace Gem Tro- paeolum, and such like, which furnished the first batch of cuttings for spring propagation should now be potted off, pinched back where too tall, and they will make nice stocky plants for use by-and-by. Many of the cuttings will now be rooted and probably growing, and if required to furnish other cuttings may be left until the shoots are' long enough for the pur- pose, but if the rooted stock is sufficient a better plan is to pinch out the centres and after a few days to pot them off at once. Verbenas will be better pricked out on a gentle bottom-heat under glass. Hardy annuals sown in pots on a gentle heat must not be allowed to become drawn up weakly but removed to a cooler temperature when the seed leaves are formed, as they should be ready for planting out by the end of April and the hardening processes must in no case be too sudden. An interesting break may be made in the general summer display in the flower garden by the introduction of the newer varieties of the Abutilon, a plant which is destined to become popular, and the improvement in which of late years has been very marked. The plants should be brought forward now in a warm greenhouse temperature and gradually hardened off by the begin- ning of June; only the more compact growing and free flowering varieties will be suitable for open beds on the lawn, while those which form long and strong shoots are only suitable for planting on trellises : pinching back will do much towards producing a com- pact growth when preparing the plants for the open air, but should be desisted from early in May. It appears to be a difiicult matter in many places to in- duce Verbenas to flourish in a healthy condition owing to the disease, and an excellent substitute may be found in the Lantanas, which belong to the same natural order and have a similar habit in flowering. It is an old garden plant, and was ir. former years much used for bedding purposes, when bedding plants were not so numerous as they now are. Of late years theyhave been much improved both inhabit'andcolour, and are highly deserving of especial attention, either for their own merits or as substitutes for the fickle Verbena. The treatment required is much the same as that of the ordinarystock of bedding plants ;theyshouId now be in the course of propagation from the store pots if they are in stock, if not, a young stock should be procured at once from the nurseries. The im- proved varieties of Heliotrope should not be neglected, they are very useful for breaking up the monotony of glaring colours, and are invaluable for cutting purposes. John Cox, Rcdkaf. FRUIT HOUSES. Vines.— Early Grapes that have passed the stoning process will be greatly benefited by having liberal supplies of tepid liquid-manure given to the inside borders ; the paths, walls, and mulching over the roots may also be syringed with it on fine evenings an hour or two before the night air is put on. Pass the scissors over the bunches for the last time, and if any imperfectly fertilised berries remain let them be re- moved before they begin to bind, as nothing detract^ more from a well-finished bunch of Grapes than small sloneless berries. Encourage lateral growth all over the house by pinching the points out of the strongest only, tie them down to the trellis, and allow the weakest to find their way up to the glass, when they also may be stopped. Give air little and often through the early part of the day, reduce upon the same prin- ciple, and finally close in time to run up to 85° on bright afternoons. Attend to disbudding, tying, and stopping in succession-houses, and keep the thinning of bunches and berries well in hand ; in mixed houses free setting kinds should be thinned first, but Muscats and Alicantes may be left until the best berries take the lead. Keep up a steady circulation of air where houses contain Grapes in bloom, and impregnate shy setters when the temperature has reached the maxi- mum. One of our most handsome and best winter Grapes is Black Morocco ; it is a strong grower and produces an abundance of fine shows, but owing to the presence of glutinous matter when in flower the berries never set kindly where its daily removal with the camel-hair pencil is neglected. In all other respects Muscat treatment suits it .admirably, and well the parent of Madresfield Court repays all the atten- tion that can be given to it. Former directions hav- ing been followed, the Vines in the latest house will now be moving. Ply the syringe freely several times a day, give the inside borders good waterings with warm liquid-manure, and endeavour to secure an even break and elongation of the bunches by shutting \\\i with a humid atmosphere at a temperature of 75". Strong young Vines that do not always break evenly should be kept in a horizontal position until all the lower buds have started, but old Vines on the spur system do not require this attention. Look well to pot Vines carrying full crops of fruit, keep them liberally supplied with good stimulating liquid, make additions to the top-dressing .and mulching, and allow the laterals to spread over all uncovered parts of the trellis. \V. Coleman, Eastnor. Melons. — Of these there is but little to s.iy in this Calendar. We would, however, remark in passing, that it will be advisable on bright mornings to put a "chink" of air on when the thermometer registers 75°, which, moreover, should be added to progressively, as the temperature of the house increases and vice versa. Syringe the plants and house in which they are growing twice a day during bright sunshine, shutting up the house with plenty of atmospheric moisture early in the afternoon — say, after this month, 3 o'clock. Make additional plantings, pressing the soil firmly around each plant while doing so, and, should the sun be bright and powerful at the time of planting, shade the plants for a couple of hours for a few days until they have taken hold of the soil, when it should be discontinued altogether, inasmuch as Melons are sun-loving subjects. Keep young plants near the gl.ass to prevent their becoming drawn, and make successional sowings as circumstances may re- quire, maintaining a sharp look-out for slugs, while "looking round at night," for these sometimes do great — I was going to say irreparable — mischief. //. ;;'. n'anl, lon^foni Castle. CucuMHERS. — The stopping, thinning, and tying of the shoots will now require almost daily looking to. More especially will this be the case with the plants that have been fruiting all the winter, which, since the long-looked-for and much desired change in the weather has taken place, have been making growth freely. These plants, if so desired, could be kept fruiting satisfactorily all the ensuing season by suli- jecting them to the following simple but nevertheless effectual treatment : — Remove all decayed portions of wood and leaf, and encourage a free growth of young wood, which, as a matter of course, should be tied up to the trellis — removing the old wood wherever practicable in order to make room for the young. Then take off an inch or two of the soil from the surface of the bed, taking care not to unnecessarily disturb the roots in doing so, and replace it with an admixture of two parts light turfy loam and one of well decomposed short dung (free from worms), and a sprinkling of charcoal. Into these fresh ingredients the hungry roots will speedily push, after which, when circum- stances require it, water them copiously with tepid liquid manure in a diluted .ate. If these and other cultural poi. s.as circumstances m.ay arise, are duly attended to, they will render those plants which have, as above stated, been fruiting all or best part of the winter almost, if not quite as prolific during the next six or seven months as those plants which have been raised from seed in the early part of January last are likely to be. Maintain a night temperature of from 65' to 70°, and 75° by day with fire, allowing the thermometer to rise 10° or 15' higher with sun, and see that the bottom-heat does not fall below 75' or rise .above 90°. Add some more soil to the hillocks as the roots protrude through the soil. //. W. lianl, Longford Castle. PLANT HOUSES. With lengthening days and a corresponding increase of sun and light the temperature of stoves may now be considerably raised, but with an augmentation of heat it is a matter of the greatest importance that the atmospheric moisture should be in proportion, other- wise, instead of a free healthy growth being encouraged at a time when the plants are best prepared to make it, insects will soon be rife and the foliage assume a stunted-looking appearance. To obviate this the floors and other surfaces should be frequently sprinkled with water, and when the houses are closed in the afternoon a heavy syringing overhead given, the effect of which is very refreshing and invigorating to the inmates and a great check to the spread of thrips, red- spider, and other parasites that increase only too readily at this season of the year. To grow stove plants really well it is necessary to separate those of a shade-loving nature from such as require exposure to solar influence, as when treated together in the same compartment neither can be managed in a way to cause them to flower freely or make that amount of young foliage and develope the rich colours for which such things as Crotons, Dracaenas, and others of that class are so highly prized. In cases where there is not the convenience to make the desired separation, much may be done by arranging Allamandas, Dipla- denias, Clerodendrons, &c., along the front of the house, and there suspending their shoots and training the growth they make on strings pretty close up to the glass till they begin to show bloom, when with care- ful handling they may be easily arranged regularly around the trellises provided for them, and fine sym- metrical specimens thus formed. At no time of year do cuttings of the above-named, or indeed of any of the various stove subjects, root so quickly and cer- tainly as they do now, and there are many which if taken at once will grow into useful-sized flowering plants by the autumn. Among these may be enume- rated the Euphorbia jacquinioeflora, than which a more useful thing for cutting or winter decorative purposes does not exist. This, with Thyrsacanthus rutilans, Eranthemum pulchellum, and E. Andersoni, Plumbago rosea, SericographisGhiesbreghtii, Centro- pogon Lucyanus, Justicia flavicoma, will go far to render a house g.ay when there is little else to be had. Bouvardias, too, should not be forgotten, for when subjected to stove-heat they are exceedingly flori- ferous, and alike valuable either to use in making up bouquets or to fill stands in windows in warm rooms, where, associated with Primulas, perpetual Carnations, Cyclamens, and suchlike, a most pleasing and inte- resting group may be formed. To get cuttings of Bouvardias that will strike freely the plants should be subjected to strong moist heat, and the shoots when they have attained a length of 3 inches or so, taken off with a heel. If these are then inserted in sharp sandy soil and covered with a bell or placed in a close propagating box, they will soon be ready fjr potting oft", and after May will succeed well in any pit or frame if shut up early and syringed so as to keep a genial moist atmosphere about them. G KEEN HOUSES. — By far the most useful and orna- mental plants for the embellishment of these structures are the tuberous rooted Begonias, which started now in heat and a portion allowed to come on slowly and naturally in any cool place, will keep up a fine display from June till near Christmas. .So valuable are these that no garden of any extent should be without a dozen or two at least, as among the many fine kinds there now are much variety of form and colouring is afforded, which with their gracefully pendent habit renders them objects of great beauty. Seed sown at once in heat, and the plants when up nursed on in any warm place, make nice useful stuff in a few months, and come in admirably for starting early another year. Just at this season there are always early flowering Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Heaths, Epacris, and such like things going out of. bloom, all of which, if they are expected to be of service next spring, require attention, in order to preserve and encourage the young growth, as future success depends in a great measure on tlie way this is made and matured. Although the majority of Heaths are impatient of close confinement, E. hyemalis, E. gracilis, and others of that class are greatly assisted after cutting back by being placed where they can be syringed and kept warm, as are also Epacris, which when so treated always break better antl make longer shoots. As soon .as these are fairly on the move any requiring potting should receive that help and be pegged or tied out after, so as to get the side branches well down and regulated, with a view to forming uniform heads. It often occurs in the case of Azaleas that instead of shifting them on, it is more desirable to reduce the size of pots many of them occupy, or at least to limit them to those they already are in, which m.ay be done and the plants maintained in perfect health and vigour by slicing away a portion of the old ball and replacing the same with some good tough fibry peat. This should be used in a rather dry state, and after having a portion of the more earthy matter beaten out of it, be well rammed in so as to make it as solid as possible, otherwise the water will find its way through without wetting that occupied by the roots. Plants so treated require to be kept in a close, moist atmo- sphere where they can be well syringed till they get a good start, and if relieved of their flower-buds before operating on them the easement will be greatly in their favour, y. Shef/taril. 372 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 22, 1879. THE SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 1879. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Monday, March 24 Tuesday, March 25 , Wednesday, Mar. 26 Thursday, March 27 Satubday, Marcll 29 ' Rainhill Horticultural Society's Show, Sale oi Liiium auralum, Jic, from Japan, &c. , at Stevens' Rooms. Royal Horticultural Society : Meeting of Fruit and Floral Committees, at 11 A.M. : Scientific Committee, at i p.,M. ; and General Meeting, at 3 p.m. Poplar, Uromley, and Ltmehousc Floricul- Itural Society's Show. Sale of 3000 imported Odontoglossum Alcx- L andrs, at Stevens' Rooms, r Royal Botanic Society's Spring Show. I Glasgow and West of Scotland Horticul- 1 tural Society's Spring Show . (Ealinfj, Acton, and HanwcU Horticultural Society's Spring Show. Sale of Miscellaneous Plants, at Stevens' Rooms. (Sale of first-class Orchids, at Stevens Rooms. Sale at the Arhorelum, Leamington, by Protheroe & Morris, f Sale of various Plants, &c., at Stevens' I Rooms. I Sale of the Grove Nursery, North Brixton, L bv Protheroe & Morris. SOME time since we were favoured by a correspondent with specimens of a pecu- liar woody excrescence from the lower part of the stem of Sequoia sempervirens, an illustra- tion of which is given at p. 377. The growths in question submitted to us varied from the size of the fist to that of a child's head. The plants were, we are informed, raised from cuttings, and a fair idea of the form and appearance of the growth may be gained by describing it as an enormously enlarged and woody callus. The development of the roots and stem has been proportionately small, for in plants of the same age not so affected the root-development is larger and the stem much taller. We are not able to suggest a cause for the growth in ques- tion, but to render the history of the case as complete as possible we subjoin our corre- spondent's letter : — " The Sequoia sempervirens sent were, I find, planted as cuttings in the auUimn of 1867. I have had a furtlier batch of them hfled, and find that there are some straight well-formed trees similarly malformed at the root. It ap- pears that about half of the batch, including well-formed trees, are in like condition. Some of the tallest normal- rooted trees are 8 feet to 9 feet high. I have measured the root-ball of one straight tree of 6 feet in height, and find it (the ball) 16 inches in circumference. The soil of the spot is a poor light loam on gravel. " J^ome years ago, in transplanting a large bed of seedling Cupressus Lawsoniana. one was noticed — and it is preserved here — with a similar protuberance at what nurserymen call the collar. In this example there is a clear space between the roots and the swelling. " I will have one of these Sequoias planted again to see, if I am spared, whether this bulbous development will increase, and whether the tree will continue as it is, comparatively fibreless in proportion to its si2e and age." Some noteworthy facts are brought out in our correspondent's letter, as that some of the plants, though deformed as above mentioned at the root, have nevertheless straight well-formed leaders. Again, the occurrence of a similar growth on a seedling plant of Cupressus Law- soniana shows that raising from cuttings is not the so'.e cause of the phenomenon. The reader will naturally be reminded of the curious gnaurs which grow from the roots of the nearly allied Taxodium distichum, which are large enough in this country to be troublesome obstructions to the passage c^ the lawn inower or the scythe, but which in the Southern States of the Ainerican Union attain a height of some feet, and be- coming hollow are used as beehives (see fig. 51). It is not improbable that some of our corre- spondents have observed instances of like nature in other Conifers. If so, they will be doing a service by communicating the fact. It is possible that the original cause of the excrescences above referred to may have been the puncture of an insect, but in the fully-developed specimens it is impossible to trace any such origin. London International Horticultural Exhibition of iSSo.— The "International Com- mittee" held a meeting on Tuesday last, Sir Daniel Cooper, Bart., in the chair, at which it was unani- mously agreed that it is inexpedient to go on at present with the proposed Exhibition ; and a reso- lution of adjournment for an indefinite period was passed. At the same time an explanatory letter to Her ,Majesty's Cummissioners, with whom negotia- tions had just been opened for the use of tlie South Kensington site, was also agreed to. The committee in this letter explain that they have come to the con- clusion that, on account of the continued commercial depression, they would not at the present juncture be justified in entering upon a work the estimated cost of which will not be less than /'i5,ooo ; but though hesi- tating under present circumstances to incur this large expenditure which would be necessary to carry out an exhibition at once creditable to the country and satis- factory to horticulturists, they are still of opinion that such an exhibition should be held in London as soon as returning prosperity permits. They have con- sequently made arrangements by which the question can be resumed as soon as the aspect of commercial affairs is more favourable, and they have sought to engage the sympathies of Her Majesty's Commis- sioners in reference to the use of the site at South Kensington, if it should not become otherwise perman- ently occupied when the time of action arrives, so that the show, when it does take place, may be held there. The Royal Horticultural Society, South Kensington. — We are gratified to learn that Fig. 51.- GNAt'R ON ROOT OF TAXODIUM DISTiCHU.M, Mt;CH REDUCED their Majesties the King and Queen of the Belgians have signified their intention of visiting the Society's gardens at South Kensington on the occasion of the meeting of the Fruit and Floral Committees on Tuesday next, and that an effort is being made by the responsible ofiicials of the Society to bring together such a display of plants as shall be worthy of the occasion. Messrs. Veitcii & Sons, Bull, Wills, Lee, Williams, Osborn, and others, we believe, intend to send collections ; and it is expected that Hyacinths and other spring flowering bulbous plants will be well represented. English exhibitors are under so many obligations to their Belgian Majesties and to their subjects, that we trust one and all will do their best to render the visit of King Leopold and his royal consort as agreeable an one as it is possible to do. ■ The Black Walnut, — This is one of the noblest of trees, but though introduced as long ago as 1656, it is still comparatively little known. The tree, known botanically as Juglans nigra, is a native of Eastern-Northern America from New England to Florida, where it is said to attain a height of 60 — 100 feet. It is a rapid grower, and the heart-wood is of a deep black colour, taking a beautiful polish. Loudon, from whom we take these details, says that no tree will grow in the shade of this tree, and that the grass is even injured by it. The nuts are fre- quently produced in this country, and, like the husks, are rough and tubcrcled. Our illustration {fig. 52) is taken from a fine specimen in the historic grounds of Fulham Palace, so rich in noble and interesting trees, and of which we have already given several illustrations. The tree in question is some 16 feet in girth at breast height, and has passed its prime. The Recent Royal Marriage. — The floral decorations at Windsor Castle, on the occa- sion of the marriage of ILR.II. the Duke of Connaught and the Princess Louise of Prussia, were entirely carried out under the direction of Mr. Jones, Superintendent of the Royal gardens, and the vast quantity of plants and flowers required for the event was supplied from the royal establishment under his charge. As all the arrangements were in " State," the decorations were carried out on a much more extensive scale than on previous occasions of a similar nature, about 2000 flowering plants being especially prepared by Mr. Jones for the event, the majority of course being white flowers, including 400 grand pots of Lily of the Valley, Spirceas, forced Lilac, Eucharis, 300 white Roman Hyacinths, Nar- cissus, &c. On the grand staircase was arranged (on each side) a border of flowers, consisting of the usual decorative and forced plants available at this time of year ; the whole having a neat edging of Selaginella denticulata and Panicum variegatum. Around the statue of George III. was arranged a noble group of plants, including a pair of Seaforthia elegans (12 feet); Livistonia aJtissima, Chanuedorea elegans, Dracaena australis (10 feet) ; Tree Ferns, including Dicksonia antarctica and squarrosa, Cibotium regale, Cyathea medullaris, Burkei, &c. ; large plants of Salvia Heerii, specimen Azaleas, Richardias, Cycas revoluta, Rhododendrons, Cinerarias, Primulas, Hyacinths, Dielytras, Ghent Azaleas, &c., edged with Cycla- mens and Maidenhair Fern. On the landing were two noble plants of Latania borbonica, forming the centres of two groups of flowering and fine-foliage plants, which were continued in the direction of the reception rooms, also in the oppo- site direction leading to the suite of apartments occu- pied by the King and Queen of the Belgians. Around the statue of Her M.^jesty (by Boeh.m) were taste- fully arranged three halfcircular beds of flowers having for a centre a Palm (a Latania), and two Chama;rops excelsa ; these were surrounded by plants of a uniform height. Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissus, Lily of the Valley, &c., having an edging of Pteris serrulata, Adiantums, &c. This arrangement had a peculiarly bright and spring-like appearance, and lent quite a warmth and colour to the grand vestibule, with its suits of armour, trophies of war, banners, &c. The Queen's private staircase was furnished with a choice selection of decorative species, such as Cocos Weddelliana, Da;monorops fissus and palembanicus, Areca lutescens and aurea, Latania aurea, Thrinax, Kentias, Euterpe edulis, Geonoma gracilis, DracKna amabilis, Baptisti, regina, nigro-rubra, Cooperi, Henderson!, Robinsoniana, &c. ; Epacris, Heaths, specimen Azaleas, Eucharis, Orange trees (in full flower), Adianlum farleyense, A. cardiochla;na, A. gracillimum, &c. ; Orchids, such as Dendrobium nobile (in quantity), Odontoglossum Roezlii and Alex- andra, Lxlia anceps and albida ; Dendrobium densi- florum, Lycastes (in good variety), Oncidiums, Phajus Wallichii and grandifolium, Phalsenopsis, Anthurium Scherzerianum ; the whole being edged .with a broad band of Lily of the Valley, the pots hidden by Selagi- nella denticulata. This was (as it should be) the most chaste and beautiful arrangement of all, and here in particular was the taste of Mr. JONES admired by all those privileged persons who had the pleasure of seeingit. Thewedding breakfast was served in the Queen's private dining-room, and the table was decorated throughout with white flowers. In the centre was the cake (5 feet 6 inches high), on each side two double white Azaleas on gold tripod stands 3 feet 6 inches, draped with Ficus repens, &c., to the table. Round the base of the cake were placed four dwarf Orange trees in flower ; corresponding with these were eight pots of Lily of the Valley, all in gold vases ; in a line with the cake and Azaleas were pairs (3 feet high) of Kentia Forsteriana and Canterburyana. There were also fifty bouquets of choice white flowers — Eucharis, Spiraeas, Camellias, Lily of the \'alley, i;c. — sur- mounting pyramidal stands 2 feet high of the con- fectioner's delicacies ; the whole combining to make up such a floral feast as is seldom seen. The banquet to the Ambassadors, &c., was served in St. Georges Hall. Here larger plants were used, including Azaleas, Begonias, Arecas, Sabals, Dremonorops, &c., in all twenty pairs, and fifty bouquets similar to those before- named, but with the flowers of various colours. The bride's bouquet was, by special permission, presented by Messrs. James Vf.itch & Sons, of Chelsea ; and Her Majesty and the Crown Princess of Germany accepted bouquets from the same firm, while Mr. March 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 373 John Wills had the honour of presenting a bouquet to Her Majesty the Queen of the Belgians. Mr. Jones provided bouquets for the other Royal and dis- tinguished visitors, and these were made up witli Gardenias, Eucharis, Lily of the Valley, white Camellias, Roses, Bouvardias, Orchids, &c. We are pleased to hear that Mr. Jones has since received, through the Lord Steward of Her RLvjesty's house- hold, a letter expressing the Sovereign's entire satis- faction with the whole of the decorations and arrange- ments carried out in the department under his charge. Professor Church and the Agricul- tural College.— At a meeting of the Committee of Management of the Agricultural College, says the Wilts ami Gtoticestershire Standard, lield last week in staff." We understand that, in consequence of the above decision as to Prolessor Church's connection with the Agricultural College, the two resident Pro- fessors next to him in seniority have resigned their respective chairs ; the chair of mathematics and physics being vacated by Professor H. W. Lloyd Tanner, M.A., that of natural history by Professor Fream, B.Sc, F.G.S. We are sorry for the College, but we are rather disposed to congratulate Professor Church on getting out of it. The loyalty of his brother Professors is an agreeable thing to witness, and, taken in conjunction with a similar secession some years since, is a pretty good indication of the spot where the shoe pinches, though doubtless there is something to be said on the other side too. soil, as in the case of the Hydrangea, but this always was disproved by the fact that scarlet and blue flowers occurred on the same stalk. The tint is slaty-blue, most apparent over the veins of the petals, but in some cases becoming diffused over the whole of the distal half of the petal. Flowers of a similar hue occur amongst those recently brought over from America by Mr. IIovey. • Orchids in Bloom at Davenham Bank, Great Malvern. — Among the more important of the Orchids now in bloom in Mr. J. D. Perrin's collection is Cu;log)'ne cristata, with sixty-three spikes and 256 blooms ; Dendrobium Wardianum, with eight flowering bulbs and 155 blooms; D. heterocarpum, with nine flowering bulbs and 210 blooms ; this is Fig. 52. — JUGLANS nigra at I'Ulham palace, (see p. 372.; London— present Earl Bathurst, the Earl of DuciE, Colonel Kingscote, C.B., M.P. ; Mr. G. Sotheron Estcourt, M.P. ; Mr. A. L. Goddard, M.P. ; Mr. T. S. Bazley, and Mr. Edward Bowly— the following resolution was passed, in reference to Pro- fessor Church's application for permission to reside out of the College :— " The Committee of Manage- ment are of opinion that the discipline of the Agricul- tural College cannot be satisfactorily maintained ex- cept by the residence of Professors within the College walls, in conformity with the original byelaw. No. 47. Being fully sensible of the services rendered by Pro- fessor Church during his sixteen years' residence in the College, they the more regret that they cannot accede to his recent proposal of non-residence, a com- pliance with it involving such alterations as would unduly disturb the present organisation of the College — — Something like a Hy.\cinth. — Mr. W. Sonverby obligingly informs us of a Hyacinth with fifteen flower-spikes produced from one bulb. Fas- ciated stems are not uncommon, but in Mr. Sowerby's experience, no less than in our own, the production of fifteen spikes is very unusual, if indeed it be not unprecedented. Blue Camellias. — We are indebted to the Rev. Geo. Henslow for the inspection of some Camellias with a much more marked blucish tinge than we remember to have seen before. At first we were inclined to think the colour due to bruising of the petals, but the inspection of a young uninjured bud in which the blue colour was deepest negatived this notion. Another suggestion was that the change in colour might be due to the presence of iron in the very sweetly perfumed, and so is the lovely Odonto- glossum pulchellum majus, which bears thirty-two spikes and 225 blooms. The Provincial Show at Preston. — Unfortunate in its inception, unfortunate in its man- agement, unfortunate in the weather, unfortunate financially, it is hardly to be wondered at that the winding up of this affair is not likely to prove very satisfactory. But while those who were conversant with the history of this ill-starred exhibition can expe- rience no surprise at the result, they will regret that the Lindley Medal, which was established to be the highest honour obtainable by the cultivator, should be suffered to be metaphorically dragged through the mud. We can say nothing of the reasons which may have weighed with the authorities of the Society in 374 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 22, 1879. the particular case to which the sulijoined letter, for- warded to us by Mr. Shuttleworth, refers. We are simply anxious to prevent, if possible, the Lintl- ley Medal from falling so low in public estimation as the Legion of Honour bids fair to do. Mr. Shuttle- worth's collection was honestly worth the award which the judges recommended should be made, but, on applying for it, "no sort of notice was vouch- safed " till after renewed application, when the follow- ing letter was received by Mr. Shuttleworth : — [Copy.] " Royal Horticultural Society, South Kensington, W., March 12, 1879. " T. M. Shuttlevvokth, Esq., Howick House, Preston. "Sir, — lam directed by the Council of this Society to acknowledge the rceeipt of your letter of the aotli ult. regarding the gold Lindley Med.il, which the judges at the Preston Show recojnmended should be awarded to you for your collection of plants, and to say, in reply, that the Council will forward the Medal, upon receipt of its value from the general fund of the Preston Show. " I .im, .Sir, yours faithfully, " Robert Hogg, Secretary H. H. Society" Chinese Primulas.— By growing at Chis- wick a large collection of Chinese Primulas from seeds obtained from the leading Continental seed houses Mr. Barro.n has this season provided an admirable demonstration of the immense improvement that has been wrought in this flower during the past few years, and especially of the great su- periority of the types introduced by our own florists. Still, if it is clear, from an inspec- tion of the Chiswick collection, that home-raised flowers have the greatest merits as florists' flowers, to the Continental growers must the credit be given for having originated the greatest novelties in the import- ant point of colour. It is true that of the great number of distinct colours shown in the Continental plants, from some glaring defect or other the majority of the sorts are not worth growing, yet there are two at least which mark a decided advance on anything seen before, and of these we have reason to believe our leading growers intend to make good use. The first is decidedly novel in colour, being bright red and most showy, notwithstanding an apparent want of substance in the flower. The second, named La Pipe, has also a ground colour of red, beautifully sh.aded with violet, lighter towards the centre, and is, in fact, the darkest of all the purple-shaded that we have seen in Primulas. Both were introduced by Messrs. Vilmorin & Co., of Paris, to whom we shall look with interest for further developments in the same direction. The Royal Horticultural Society's Chiswick Garde.vs.— In order to popularise and extend the love of flowers and the knowledge of horticulture, the Council has decided to issue annual tickets to residents in the neighbourhood of Chiswick who may wish to visit these gardens, where the various practical experiments in horticulture con- ducted by the Society are carried out. These tickets will be issued at the rate of one guinea each, giving admission to bearer and two friends, on all occasions when the gardens are open, with participation in Fellows' privilege No. 9 (which entitles the holders of the tickets to purchase the flowers, fruit, &c., grown in the gardens which may not be required for scientific purposes), and may be had on application to Mr. Barron, at the Society's Garden, Turnham Green. Miniature Camellia. — We have received from E. J. Lowe, Esq., blooms of a seedling white Camellia of good form, but so small that they appear to be exactly the thing for button-hole bouquets. The leaf is of the usual character, rather acuminate, and the flowers are pure white shell-petalled, and when fully blown only i \ inch across. The flower is certainly a curiosity. Indian Plants Adapted for Commercial Purposes.— Under this title Mr. Jacicson, of the Kew Museum, recently read before the Society of Arts a p.iper on this important subject, in whicli he alluded to the discouragement thrown upon enterprise by the premature inquiry, "Will it pay?" In the case of a new product long trial and careful experi- ment are often needed, and the man of commerce is not inclined to undertake these, but it might well be a principal function of experimental gardens and laboratories to take up such questions, and pave the way for the trial on a larger scale by the manufac- turer, who would thus have at least some guarantee that he was not throwing money away and losing time into the bargain. The Royal Botanic Society.— A corre- spondent remarks that while the affairs of the Royal Horticultural Society arc regularly watched and criticised by horticulturists of all shades of opinion, it seems strange that the doings of the sister society, the Royal Botanic, are all but ignored. Yet it would seem as if a little outside criticism would do the latter body no harm, and as it is about time that the prize money won by exhibitors last year was paid, the mere mention of the fact that such prize money has not yet been paid might prompt the Treasurer of the Society to consider the matter as "urgent." Our correspondent complains that he exhibited, at considerable expense, at three of the Society's .shows, but cannot get a settlement for any of them. Economical Gardens for London and OTHER S.MOKY TowNS.— This was the subject of a paper read on Wednesday evening, at a meeting of the Society of Arts, Lord Alfred S. Churchill in the chair, by Mr. W. Mattieu Williams, F.R.A.S., to which we shall allude at greater length in our next issue. BolbophyllumBeccarii.— Amongst Orchids are to be found many of the strangest forms existent in the vegetable kingdom, not alone in the fantastic character of the flowers, but also in the plants on which the bloom is borne. Few that have yet been seen are so distinct in general appearance as the recently imported Bolbophyllum Beccarii, now begin- ning to grow freely in Mr. Bull's establishment at Chelsea. Like Phala^nopsis and some others it is devoid of the pseudobulbous stems present in most Orchids, and consists simply of roots issuing from a short non-thickened collar, which bears a solitary leaf in the way of the Cavendish Orchid (Oncidium Cavendishianum) but of immense size and substance : several that we measured were 20 inches long, and 15 inches broad. Many of the plants are pushing vigorously shoots from the stems just below the junction of the leaves, and so far have more the look of leaf-growth than bloom. The flowers grow in dense cylindrical drooping racemes a foot long. This plant, to which from its decidedly distinct and singular appearance much interest is attached, has been technically described by Professor Reichenuach in our present volume, p. 41. Orchids in Flower at Chelsea. — The following Orchids are at present in flower at Mr. William Bull's establishment, King's Road, Chelsea, London : — Ada aurantiaca Aeri'ies japunicum Cattleya Trian^ ,, splendens ,, tyrianthina ,. violacea Coelogyne corymbosa ,, ocellata Cymbidium eburneum, two varieties Cypripedium barbatum Crossii ,, Boxalii ,, Eullenianum ,, Dayanum ,, Harrisianum ,, Lowii ,, venustum pardinum ,, villosum Dendrobium Ainswoithii ,, chrysotoxuni ,, cras:,iiiode ,, ,. Barberianum ,, Freemani ,, lituill:iruiTl ,, luteolum ,, nobile ,, Pierardi „ primulinum giganteum ,, Wardianum, several : one spike has upwards of forty tlo\^■e^s on it Lycaste Skinneri „ „ rubella Masdevallia ignea Odontoglossum Anderson- ianum ,, angustatum ,, Bictoniense ,,- cirrhosiim. between forty and fifty spikes ,, cirrhosum Klabochianum ,, cordatum ,, crispum(AIexandr3e), up- wards of twenty spikes „ gloriosum ,, ,. superbum ,, odoratum ,, Pescatorei, one spike with eight branches ,, Phala;nopsis „ Rossii m.ijus ,, triumphans, upwards of a dozen spikes ,, triumphans nigrum Oncidium bicallosum ,, crispum ,, fuscatum ,, sarcodes ., Weltoni Pescatoria Roezlii- Phalajnopsis amabilis ,, Schilleriana Saccolabium ampullaceum Sophronites grandiflora Vanda aipina „ suavis A Distinct AND Beautiful CaaooYNE. — At Mr. B. S. Williams' nursery, Holloway, we saw in flower the other day a most distinct and beautiful Ccelogyne, which is supposed to be quite new. It differs materially from any of the genus that we are acquainted with, the pseudobulbs being large, tapering towards the top and bearing a pair of very thick leathery leaves, betwixt which from the apex of the bulb springs the flower-spike, about I foot long, with seven or eight flowers in shape not unlike those of C. medi.a, but three times the size. The sepals and petals, which open wide, are pure white, as also the ground colour of the labellum, which has a large irregular blotch of bright yellow on each side inside, and another on the lip, all edged with a well defined line of bright brownish red which gives the flower a most telling and effective appearance. Another peculiarity is that on the outer surface of the labellum there are also yellow blotches edged in like manner, and just opposite those on the inner surface ; they are not a reflection of the colour from the inside, but clearly and similarly marked on both inner and outer surfaces, and which, so far as our recollection goes, is a distinct feature not before noticed amongst these flowers. The plant is an exceedingly free bloomer, being almost covered with its arched racemes of elegant blossoms. Odontoglossum madrense. — Messrs, James Veitch & Sons request us to state that in the paragraph by Professor Reichenuach under this heading, at p. 342, it is stated that the inflorescence described was sent by that firm to the Professor from W. Warner, Esq., Camden Wood, Chislehurst ; it should have been W. ^'ANNER, Esq. The Ealing District Gardeners' Society. — On Wednesday evening last, before the meinbers of this Society, Mr. A. Dean, of Bedfont, read a paper on the " Potato as a Subject for Exhi- bition." The reader gave in a condensed form much useful information as to the general mode of culture adopted by the best growers of show tubers, pointing out that the skill displayed in the production of high- class samples was not less available for the growth and cultivation of all garden products. In reference to the sorts advised for growth stress was laid on the fact that out of twenty-four best show kinds nearly every one was of first-cl.ass table excellence, thus con- troverting the common notion that high-class show sorts were of inferior quality. The points essential in good judging were clearly laid down, stress being laid on the fact that just as large tubers were objec- tionable for table use so should they be deemed objectionable for exhibition. There was a large attendance of members, and the usual vote of thanks was awarded to Mr. De.an at the close. Saxifrag.\ Burseriana. — This lovely little alpine is the earliest to flower of the Saxifraga family. Indeed, it would be impossible to say too much in its favour. In the York Nurseries there are a consider- able number now finely in flower. We noticed a specimen of it which was growing on the rockwork. The tuft was about 6 inches in diameter, and quite hemispherical in shape, with upwards of 100 buds and flowers. There are two forms of this Saxifraga ; one has dull scarlet calyx and pure white flowers three-quarters of an inch in diameter ; in the other, the calyx or buds are greener, and the flowers larger, being I i inch in diameter. The former is found on the dolomite mountains in the Tyrol ; the latter is also found in the Tyrol, but much further south — near the Italian frontier. It is blooming very finely on the new rockwork at Chiswick Garden, where Mr, B.\RRO.N has been very successfully cultivating many interesting plants of this class. • • Himalayan Primulas. — Those fine early Primulas denticulata and purpurea are just now very fine under glass at the Bedfont seed grounds. The trusses of bloom are large and full, the flowers of un- usual size, and in many the colour much deeper than is found in the common forms of denticulata. These plants were grown in the open ground last summer, and lifted into S-inch pots early in the winter. Primula denticulata and its congener are deep rooters and require much more root-space than pots afford. Where this is to be had the crowns are unusually large and the trusses of bloom exceedingly fine. Plants kept in pots, however well treated, fail to produce such fine results. No other hardy Primula is so quick to bloom from seed as is this species. A pinch of seed saved from a large rich-coloured purpurea and sown last June has given hundreds of plants, m.any of which were in flower the first week in the present month, and as showing the constancy of the variety to reproduce its best features not one inferior flower has opened, whilst some are even much deeper than were the flowers of the parent plant. To assist in the pro- duction of gaiety and variety in the conservatory or greenhouse at this time of the year these hardy March 22 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 375 Primulas are most valuable ; they bloom freely and finely all through March without the least artificial heat, and are admirable companion plants to Chinese Primulas, Cyclamens, Cinerarias, and the other special greenhouse plants of this period of the year. EucilARis CANDIDA, now in flower at Kew, is a valuable companion for the universal E. grandi- flora. With several plants it is scarcely ever out of flower, and the polished blooms of smaller size and elegantly recurved segments allow it in no way to be dimmed by contrast, especially as the smaller blooms for some purposes are considered especially useful. It was fortunately obtained by Mr. Bull's collector in New Grenada, and as few comparatively were im- ported, or at least something short of the demand, we are glad to see that it evinces a tendency to increase rapidly. Trees at the West-end. — From a letter in the Zi'ww of Thursday last we learn that "The Westminster Vestry, having resolved to plant some trees as an ornament on the vacant triangular space near New Taltersall's, at Ivnightsbridge, long known as Knightsbridge Green, have met with an unexpected opposition from the local tradesmen, who consider that the trees will injure their business, and also from the cab-drivers, who consider the projected measure an invasion of their rights. At a meeting of some inhabitants of the neighbourhood a resolu- tion was passed condemnatory of the planting of the trees, and at its close a body of cabmen and others proceeded to the Green, where they gave emphasis to their resolution by seizing the shovels of the work- men and filling up the holes which had been dug to receive the trees." Selaginella Kraussii (denticulata). — Of this most useful plant, now grown in such enor- mous quantities for decorative purposes, and especially to meet the great demand of such professional flor.nl decorators as Mr. John Wills and others, Mr. Barron has at Chiswick what may appropriately be called a golden counterpart, or, in other words, a neat-growing, distinct, golden-yellow variegated form, which promises to become a very popular plant if it remains constant. It was sent to Chiswick by Mr. Donaldson, gr. to the Earl of Kintore, Keith Hall, Aberdeenshire, but we know nothing of its origin. Royal Visit to Messrs. Veitch's Nur- sery.— Messrs. James Veitch & Sox's famous nur- sery at Chelsea was visited on Wednesday afternoon^ by H.R.H. the Princess of Wales and H.I.H. tl Crown Princess of Germany, accompanied by I- Excellency Count MUnster, the German Ambas a- dor, and his d.aughter, the Countess Marie MiJNSTt R. The distinguished visitors spent upwards of an hcVir in examining the numerous tloral objects of interest to be seen in the establishment at this season. Orchids in Flower at Glasnevin. — A correspondent informs us that at the present time there is a fine display ol Orchids in flower at Glasnevin. The following is a list, which will give some idea of what is to be seen in the Orchid-house at the present time :— Aerides suavissimum Angraecum ebiirneuin Camarotis purpurea Dendrobium Wardianum ,, nobile ,, Jamesoni „ densiflorum „ Devoniaiium ,, fimbriatum var. oculatum Cymbidium Mastersii Cypripedium Koezlii „ Lowii, barbatum, longi- folium. villosum, Domi- nianum Epidendriitn Stainfjrdianum Lycaste Skinneri Maxillaria Harris.mi Neottla picta maculata Oncidium pachyphyllum, spha- celatum. Krameriana, bilobum major Odoatoglossum Phala;nopiis, triumphans, hastatum, Dawsonianuni, Hallii Phalsenopsis Schilleriana Schomburghkia undulata Vanda cristata, tricolor, gigan- tea, suavis, and a host I of others that .are more ] of botanical interest than otherwise The New Rockery at Chiswick.— The new rockery at Chiswick is one of the prime features of the garden at the present time. Some fine clumps of Hepaticas, such as the single blue and single white, the double red, the rose-coloured H. Barlowi, and the pale tinted Anemone (Hepatica) angulosa have a grand effect in contrast with the dull grey stone of which the rockery is formed. Cyclamens ibericum and Coum have also flowered very finely, while that little gem, Saxifraga Burseriana, is flower- ing with great freedom, also S\ oppositifolia pyrenaica rubra, a charming companion to the first-named, with small red flowers. A third species is S. retusa Dryoides, a most diminutive plant, with very small dark coral-red flowers, much resembling red berries at first sight. Just coming into flower — and proving to be perhaps the earliest to bloom of the genus — is a very dwarf species of Iberis, collected by Mr. Maw on the mountains of Greece ; and also many garden varieties of Crocuses, which Mr. Barron has planted in clumps to provide a little bloom at a time when there is not much else in that attractive con- dition. Mentha pulegium gibraltarica. — It is to be feared that many growers who, depending upon this useful carpet bedding-plant being quite hardy, did not take the precaution to winter their store stock under glass, will be short in their supply when the bedding-out season comes round, so badly was the plant hit in many places during the severe frost. On the new rockery at Chiswick it was killed outright, while the Golden Chickweed, on exactly the same aspect, remains uninjured, forming a golden carpet most charming to behold. Plants Flowering in the Open Air at Mr. Ware's. — The following plants were in flower, March iS, in Mr. T. S. Ware's nursery, Totten- ham : — Coptis orientalis, Rhododendron precox, Saxifraga pyrenaica and vars. ; Draba, several varieties ; Iris reticulata and purpurea. Iris persica ; Fritillaria pudica. Primulas, viz., denticulata, pur- purea, species from Kashmir ; a new crimson-flowered species from the Himalayas ; nivalis, and many forms of the common Primrose; Scillas, viz., sibirica and bifolia and varieties ; Leucojum vernum, and several forms of dwarf Narcissus, Androsace Laggeri and carnea, Erythrinum giganteum, &.C. CmoNODOXA Lucille. — Without doubt this charming bulbous plant is one of the most valuable recent additions to the list of spring flowers. In foliage it much resembles Scilla bifolia, but the flowers are considerably larger, being i inch in diameter, with rather narrow segments, which slightly reflex. The colour is white in the centre, gradually merging into the sky-blue tint of the outside. It is one of the numerous introductions of Mr. Maw, who found it at Nymph Dagh, Smyrna, a year or two since, and having collected it in quantity, distributed it with his accustomed liberality ; so most probably it will not be long before it gains the popularity to which its high merits entitle it. — Horticultural Club. — The annual dinner of the Club took place on Tuesd.ty, the nth inst., at the Club-house, Arundel Street, Strand, the chair being taken by Mr. John Lee, and the vice-chair (in the unavoidable absence of the Hon. and Rev. J. T. Boscawen) by Dr. Hogg. According to the rules there were but few toasts; that of "The Visitors" was responded to by Mr. HovEY, of Boston, U.S., who gave an interesting rcsniiu- of the comparison of his visit now with one made twenty-five years ago ; and " The Prosperity of the CKib," by the Secretary, who stated that a further sum had been invested in the Funds, and that no better proof of its prosperity could be given. Veronicas and the Frost. — Since the disappearance of the severe frost we have seen but very few plants amongst hundreds of Veronicas grown in suburban forecourt gardens that have not been killed outright, or most severely injured. At Chiswick it appears all were killed but \'. pinguifolia growing on the rockery. Primula rosea. — Flowering at JCew is Primula rosea, newly introduced, and truly one of the prettiest. Its merit is due to a pure and charming colour, unsurpassed by any of the genus, and this feature has secured for it the most appropriate name that could be given. The leaves are lanceolate, at present nearly erect or slightly spreading, finely serrate, brownish when young, and at length pale green ; the scapes do not emerge from the expanding bud in some plants, in others they rise to a height of perhaps 5 inches just above the larger leaves ; the best umbels have six to nine flowers, four or five expanded at the same time, with corollas nearly three- quarters of an inch in diameter. The buds are deeply coloured, and so are many of the flowers, while others shade off to the delicate tint of a Peach blossom. It grows in Ivashmir at a height of 8500 feet, where it flowers about the end of August, and is found also in Afghanistan. RoYLE gives a figure in his Bolany of the Iliiitalayas, but which does scant justice to the plant as it grows before us, being harshly drawn, and if correct even, only for a form less beautiful than the present. Comparison with specimens also leaves no doubt, however, as to its identity. RoYLE says that, "Ornamental as are all the known Primulas, they are nowhere more so than on the coldest and most exposed of the Himalayan peaks," and among those not introduced this must be one of the choicest gems, as indeed it is of those in cultivation. Its habit is similar to that of P. Stuartii, so much so that before flowering it was supposed to be that plant. The Glasgow and West of Scotland Horticultural Society.— The spring show of this Society is fixed for Wednesday next, and the autumn show for September 3, both to be held in the New Public Hall, Glasgow. Fareham and South Hants Horticul- tural Society.— The annual exhibition of this Society is fixed for Wednesday, June 25. Compensation Case : Carter v. The Metropolit.\n District Railway, Fulham Extension.— This case was heard at the Sheriff's Court, Red Lion Square, on Wednesday, March 12, being a claim for /looo in respect of 2 acres of market garden land at Fulham, leasehold, for an un- expired term of thirteen years, and for damage by severance to the adjoining 11 acres. Mr. Webster, (J.C, was counsel for the claimant, and Mr. Bidder, Q.C., for the company. Three valuers, Messrs. A. Baker, Gomme, and Carter, on behalf of the claiinant, estimated market gardener's profits at £2^, per acre per annum, or a sum of ^500 for the whole term, and they further estimated the damage by severance, &c., at an additional ^^500. No witnesses were called on behalf of the company, but Mr. Bidder contended that a sum of ^300 would be ample com- pensation. The verdict was for £t(i(>. Weather Forecasts. — On and after April J any person may obtain by telegraph from the Meteo- rological Oflice the latest information as to the weather in any district of the United Kingdom by payment of is. in addition to 2s., the cost of the mes- sage to the Meteorological Office and the reply. The telegram containing the inquiry must not exceed twenty words in length, and must be addressed "Meteorological Oftice, London." The Meteor- ological Office does not undertake to give any in- formation which is not substantially included in the latest notice posted at its own doors, nor does it give forecasts of the weather on the Atlantic coasts of the British Isles, although it is ready to furnish any in- formation it possesses as to the actual state of the weather on those coasts. The Meteorological Ot'fice is open for such inquiries between the hours of II a.m. and 8 p.m. on week days, and between 6 P.M. and 8 p.m. on Sundays. The Weather. — Froiii the meteorological report issued by the Meteorological Office for the cek ending March 17, we learn that the weather was merally fair during the early part of the week but ilore cloudy towards its close. A considerable fuantity of snow fell in Scotland and the north of 'England and much rain in "England, N.W." and "Ireland, N." The temperature was about the mean in "England, S.W." but below it in all other districts — the deficit being as much as 8' in " Scotland, E." The maximum for the week occurred very generally on Wednesday the 12th, when the thermometer rose a little above 55' over England and "Ireland, S.," but at many of the English stations a second maximum was observed on Sunday the l6th, and in some places the thermometer was as high on that occasion as before. The lowest minima were recorded about the middle of the period, i.i:, from the 13th to the 15th, and were as low as 22° at Glasgow, Selkirk, and Nairn, 20' at Shrews- bury and Shields, 19" at Leith, iS' at Glenalmond, and 16' at Durham. The rainfall was a little below the mean in most of the English districts, but con- siderably above it in " Scotland. E. " and "England, N.W." In Scotland snow fell almost every day, and on the morning of the 17th it lay <)\ inches deep in the open at Glen.almond. The wind was W. at the commencement of the week, veering to N.W. and blowing a gale on our north and east coasts on the 1 2th. Variable breezes prevailed during the next dayor two, but on Saturday south-westerly winds set in except in the north of Scotland. In the latter region an easterly breeze s'nowed itself and, increasing in strength, it also spread gradually to the south, with cold weather, and displaced the south-westerly breeze. On Monday, however, it began to veer to S.E. very generally. 376 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 22, 1879. panic Corrcspiibcncf. Anemone (Hepatica) angulosa. — I was about to draw attention to the Ijeauty of Hepatica angulosa as a spring flower, when my copy of the Gardeners' Chronicle showed that "G." at page 343 had already done so. This Anemone or Hepatica and the Snow- flake have been the two most beautiful flowers out with us. I had lately the pleasure of a visit from a well-known old horticulturist, Mr. Hovey of Boston, U.S.A., he was especially struck with the Anemone. Intended growers should be warned that there are two varieties, one large flowered the other small, the foliage being the same. I found this by experience. The flowers of our first bought plants were very small : for some time I fancied this to be from improper cultivation, until a second purchase grown in the same situation gave the large flowers without trouble. Judging from the number of people who remark upon it here, the Snowflake is not nearly as much known as it deserves to be. I have tried it in many situa- tions and find it, though easy to grow anywhere, to show itself best planted in shade in front of a bed of Christmas Roses. We have now a border of this sort with about 150 flowers of the Snowflake out, the effect is beautiful ; the stems are of different length, according to the size of the bulbs — some have two flowers. I enclose one or two specimens of the taller ones with a leaf. The specimens of the two varieties of Hepatica (Anemone) angulosa are not very good ones, but they were taken from plants growing side by side and are fair for comparison. Cyclamen Atkinsii is in great beauty. .Saxifraga Burseriana is a little gem ; a really happy great clump of the old double pink Hepatica shows its beauty at a great distance, but I think all yield to the H. angulosa and the Snowflake. George F. IVilson, Heathcrbank, ]Vey- bridge Heath, March 15. Setting Peaches. — Much has been written respect- ing the setting of Peaches, as if it were a difficult feat to perform, whereas if the roots and trees are only healthy, the temperature of the house in which they are kept anywhere near the mark and proper ventilation afforded, it is impossible to fail. I suppose that one grain of pollen is sufficient to bring about fructification, and yet Nature has been so bountiful as to supply thousands in the many anthers there are surrounding the stigma of a Peach flower, which is so placed that some or other ot the pollen grains, when they become dispersed, must fall on or be carried to it, and there remain till their allotted functions are performed. The slightest current of air is sufficient to set it in motion, provided it is dry and ripe, in which condition there is no occasion for the aid of Pampas-grass plumes, or anything else that man or insects can bring to bear, the work of Nature being faultless in all respects, and, as a rule, requiring no assistance. If it were otherwise we should come badly off, as not only would the fruits of the earth be very uncertain if so dependent, but Wheat ears would often be barren, instead of which these and other grains are rarely met with except in a perfect state. Where the male and female organs do not exist in the same flower Nature, as if to make amends, has been even more profuse — a striking instance of which may be seen in the case of a nut bush, the catkins on which fill the air with their pollen. The same thing occurs with the Maize, and more notably with Garrya elliptica, the pollen from which coats the leaves and ground under the bushes as if sprinkled with sulphur. Depend on it, if Peaches will not set and swell a crop without help in fertilising there is something wrong either at the roots or in the air of the house to account for it, lor if the flowers are strong perfect fructification follows as a matter of course. J. S. Erica codonodes. — During the past inclement January, when even Jasminum nudiflorum showed but a few scattered flowers against a south wall, one shrub alone was able to make its ordinary display. Erica codonodes, on the north side of the house, set the north-east wind at defiance, and proved itself to be a treasure indeed for the winter garden. J/. A', Snowdrops on Grass Banks. — If anything attracts the eye of the visitor at Brougham Hall, after such a severe winter, with everything in the shape of vegetation looking lifeless, it is a sloping grass bank of considerable depth which is dotted with thousands of clumps of Snowdrops, which at the present time are literally swarming with their little white flowers. The effect is charming, owing to the situa- tion. The bank is viewed from a terrace which com- mands a fine prospect. The Lowther and the Eam- ont, two small streams, seem, as it were, united up to one point, where they divide when viewed from one end of the terrace, the former gliding softly down in a picturesque valley well studded with forest trees and other Coniferie at the base of the bank alluded to. It is a wonder such sights do not bring the cultivation of hardy spring flowers more into public favour, and especially those little harbingers of spring wliich are quite at home wherever they are planted, either on grass or in woods, by the side of walks or on a front border amongst shrubs. I can only suppose they are not expensive enough, or they might be used for many purposes of house decoration at this season, as well as for the embellishment of lawns and woods. Visitor, Fruit Prospects. — At no time do I remember to have seen a better prospect for all kinds of fruit than we have this season, and unless we get spring frosts more than usually late, it is impossible now for the bloom to become sufficiently .advanced to take any harm, as the buds up to the time of writing this are only just beginning to show that they are on the move, and it will therefore take some weeks of warm weather before they are fully expanded. Bad and trying as the winter has been to many, it is somewhat cheering to feel that the country will derive some benefit from it, and be less dependent on foreign supplies than we have been for the last two years past. Trees have had such a rest now, that if a crop is only secured, they will be well able to bear it and receive benefit too, fur in the majority of cases they are getting over robust, and require a load to check the production of wood. Before the end of last March Apricots, Peaches, and Nectarines were in full flower ; but so far as can be judged at present they will not be in the same condition till quite the middle of April, after which a very slight protection ought to render them secure. Strawberries look much cut, and have all the old foliage completely destroyed, but the crowns fortuntately do not appear to have suffered any harm, as they are now starting vigorously, and only want a few warm showers and sun to aid in re- clothing them with fresh verdure, jf. Slieppard. The Wild Daffodil, which will soon in mugfuls adorn the cottage windows, has two local. names in Devon, and perhaps elsewhere. They are known as " Lentcocks," in allusion, it seems, to the barbarous custom of cock-throwing which was prescribed by our forefathers for Lent, or rather for Shrove Tuesday. The boys, in the absence of live cocks to throw sticks at, practised the art of decapitation on the flower. But they are also called " Gracidays " (I do not say that the word is so spelt, or ever spelt at all), a name abbreviated possibly from grassy Daisies, or can any other origin be supplied ? T. Turner. The Pentstemons and the Frost.— I find the Pentstemons in the open borders here almost without exception killed to the root, without any prospect of their breaking again from the base. As I expect them to be killed on an average one winter in five, I take care to preserve a stock under glass ; but my object in writing this is to ask whether any of your readers have tried the plan of partly raising their Pentstemons, so as to loosen the root, at the beginning of winter. I am induced to think that many might this year have been saved in this way. About the end of February, when I went round to examine my Pentstemons, which I grow in large numbers and of large size, I found that whilst the rest of the plant was brown and withered, many branches which had been partly or entirely broken oft' by the early snow remained fresh and green, and quite fit to make cuttings from. At first I thought this was owing to the protection they had received beneath the snow, which was very deep here all December ; but on further examination I found that undetached branches running along the ground were killed, whilst those partly broken oft' near the top of the shrub remained fresh and green. It appears, then, that the diminution of the flow of sap had lessened the power of the frost. Would it be likely that the treatment proposed above would have enabled the whole plant to resist the frost and survive the winter .' C. W. Dod, Edge, Malpas. Early Strawberries. — My attention h.as been called to a slight inaccuracy in your issue of the 8th inst. with regard to the first appearance this season of forced Strawberries. I purchased a small box of Mr. G. Monro, salesman, on February 14, which to my certain knowledge were the first that had been seen this season. James ]Vel>bcr, Covent Garden Market. On February 16 I gathered 4 oz. of beau- tifully ripened fruit ; on the 24th ult. I gathered 3 oz. more ; and in the first five days of March I gathered 2 lb. 12 oz. On Februaryj22 I sup- plied Mr. Solomon with the first lot of fruit he had this season, and I have no doubt that the fruit which appeared in his window on the 5th inst. was part of a lot I sent him on March 3. Since that time I have been getting a regidar supply. I force about 4000 Strawberries, 2000 of the number being Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury. The past winter was peculiarly fitted for proving the merits of an early Strawberry, for during a period of ten weeks, while the plants passed through the critical time of setting their fruit, we had no sun (I refer to Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury), with an outside temperature very seldom above 32', and on two occasions the thermo- meter stood at 9°. Under circumstances so antagon- istic to early forcing they set and ripened their fruit well. At this date (March iS) I have over a thou- sand plants a perfect mass of set fruit, averaging from ten to twelve fruit to a pot ; and my whole experience of this variety only tends to prove that it is a very free setter and a prolific bearer. Keens' Seedling as a second early sort is one mass of bloom. \V. Massou, Gr. to Alfred Meadows, Esq., Boyle Park, Colnbrook, ISucks. Dendrobium crassinode album. — This variety of D. crassinode is somewhat rare. I have a small plant with fourteen flowers as per enclosed. It forms a beautiful contrast with D. crassinode, and flowered here last season. We received it from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. 's nursery. It was collected by Mr, Boxall, who has so often crowned his enthusiasm with success, and to whom we are greatly indebted for many gay flowering Dendrobes. J. D. Richards, Oakley House, Gledho'U', Leeds. Dendrobium crassinode, var. — I enclose for your inspection two flowers of a white variety of Dendrobium crassinode. Is it the same as the one flowered at Messrs. Low's, and described in Mr. B. S. Williams' book on Orchids ? It was bought at Stevens' Rooms last year amongst some imported plants. It is rather a weak plant (four flowers), but is breaking much stronger this spring. The growth has the same appearance as the ordinary crassinode. T. D. M. [The flowers are exactly the 'same io colour as those alluded to above by Mr. J. D. Richards, but differ in form, having a broader, rounder labellum, and rounder pointed sepals. Eds.] Opuntia Rafinesquiana.— It may interest some of your readers to know that a large plant of this Opuntia, about 2 feet across, has stood this exceptionally severe winter without any protection. It is planted in a ■Vine border facing S.W., and has now been there for about three years. It was raised from a cutting which I put in to take its chance. At first the slugs worked sad havoc with it, but by dint of care it has now grown too large to be much injured by them. Last year it made a great growth, but it has not as yet blossomed out-of-doors. I enclose a piece of the same Opuntia, only from a plant in the greenhouse, that you may be able to identify it. Its blossom is a strawy yellow. Of the two plants, in the winter, that out-of-doors always looks much the healthiest, as those indoors are always put on short commons as regards water. S. C. C., Henbury, Bristol. [It is O. Rafinesquiana, so far as we can tell from the flowerless sample sent. Eds.] An Improved Method of Striking Cuttings. — A short notice has appeared in a St. Petersburg journal of my paper on the absorption of water by the green parts of plants ; and it appears to have suggested to Mr. G. Weidenberg a method of striking cuttings. After inferring that the frequent fading of cuttings before they have struck root may be accounted for by a too great transpiration, he proposes making the cuttings longer than usual, and burying some of the leaves as well .as the stalk, so that about a third remain above out of the earth. Those leaves in the ground may thus undertake the function of absorbing moisture, and so help to balance the loss of water from the exposed leaves. The ground, he adds, in which cuttings stand should be, if possible, porous, in order that the air may have access, and that the rot- ting of the leaves may be prevented. This process enables the cutting to make roots before the leaves decay. Weidenberg appears to have found that Roses of all sorts, Pinks, and other cuttings of plants thus make very good roots, which are usually hard to grow. In my paper I only alluded to cut flowers having leaves attached to the stalk and plunged into water, but the principle is the same as for striking cuttings, and it is so easy to try that gardeners can readily put it to the test and see if their results will accord with Weidenberg's experience. George Henshio. Coelogyne cristata alba. — This pure white variety flowers later than C. cristata under precisely the same treatment. I have two large plants in flower (March 18), which quite enliven the Cattleya House. J. D. Richards, Oakley House, Gledhffiu, Leeds. Experiments in Chrysanthemum Culture. — Having paid considerable attention to the cultivation of the Chrysanthemum for the past seven years, .and seeing that there is a spirit of friendly rivalr)' abroad as to the best system of cultivating large flowers, I propose to ofl'er a few condensed remarks which may be of interest at this season to many who are about to try the improved cultivation of this lovely winter flower. A discussion which arose in the early part of last year resulted in our trying several experiments with a view of testing the merits of several systems of growingthem, with thefollowingresults; — Propagating was commenced early in December and continued up March 22, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. "ill to the end of March, each batch of cuttings being dated as they were put in. The cuttings were rooted on the cool system, there being no heat used beyond the protection of a portable frame in a greenhouse : many of the best varieties were rooted singly in small pots in order to avoid checks and were removed immediately to a shelf near the glass and kept well watered till the weather was favourable for their being turned out-of-doors into a cold frame. The first shift was not given before the plants showed symptoms of want of root-run, and they were then shifted into 6-inch pots, in a compost of stacked loam which had been mixed with layers of solid cow-dung and drenched with cow-urine the autumn before. The soil was chopped up rather fine for the first potting and a little addition of leaf-mould run through a J-inch riddle and a dash of yellow sand mixed with rul»ljcd fine through the hands was scattered over the surface of the pots to prevent evaporation, and water was always given through a rough rose to avoid "boring" the soil and to keep an equable surface. The second batch was treated similarly, and the third batch, which were propagated about the third week in March, were also treated in the same way until afler they were potted into 6-inch pots and had taken with their shift when the " point " of the shoot was coiled round the rim of the pot and pegged there, from one to three breaks were taken from the soft wood nearest to the " point of the shoot " and staked upright. These plants were grown in lo-inch pots, and were placed by themselves side by side with the others through the season. The difference was most striking, for although the stems were not nearly so long nor so thick as those o( Fig. 53.— excrescence from stem of seouoia semi'ervirens. \ nat. size, (see r. 372.) It ; into this the plants were potted, each variety being kept by itself and marked for the jnirpose for which it was intended to be grown, so as to prevent con- jfusion at the next potting. An extra number of 12-inch :pots were purchased specially for growing some of the llarge sorts singly, and at the last potting these pots jw-ere carefully drained with broken crocks and a layer of oyster-shells placed over them. The compost used jwas the same as that recommended for the first .pottmg, except that the sod was broken up into rougher pieces, the soil, being in excellent working conuilion, was made firmer in the pots than usual for the purpose of inducing a better quality of fibrous roots than those which are formed in a loose compost. Alter potting the plants had no water except through a syringe for some days, and a temporary protective structure was raised over them to make doubly sure against change of weather as long as there was any (danger from cold. A thin layer of horse-droppings their neighbours, the rich broad green leaf was conspicuous up to the last, and the flowers were the finest at the finish. The result of last years' experi- ments would dictate a different course to us in the future : for instance, the larger and coarser growing kinds, such as Alfred .Salter, Empress of India, and (Jueen of England, I would grow in smaller pots, or if I did use 12-inch pots, I would have three plants in each pot. These sorts should also be kept by themselves, and have less liquid manure given to them than the more compact growing kinds ; if they are over-potted or over-fed they have the tendency to produce loose flowers with irregularly set petals. The plants should have an open situation, but yet a sheltry one, say, by h.aving the sun's rays broken at mid-day by a high wall or some other object, and be syringed overhead twice a day, but always once in the "afternoon" in hot weather. The vital point in Chrysanthemum culture is, however, in knowing how to take the proper bud in the difterent kinds, that is if the cultivator is in possession of the right varieties, of which no less than six duplicates of each should be grown. I have read a good deal of contending opinions between rival growers, some of which is amusing if not instructive. The real fact of the case is this : — In the South the flowers for exhibition are taken from the " terminal bud " North Country growers take the "crown terminal," and have flowers of much larger size, for if they waitetl for the development of the terminal bud they would have few flowers before December — I mean of exhibition varieties. In the South the standard rule for exhi- bition is taken from the " florist's standpoint," which answers nicely for the compact balls grown about London. Provincial growers, propagate later in the season, and feed less during the summer, and then you will render a good account of yourselves either at home or abroad next November. \V. I/iiuis. Oncidium cryptocopis.— This rare Orchid is in flower now, producing a spike with thirty flowers. I grow it in the Mexican-house ; it is like O. serratum, and very rare. J. D. Richards, Oakley House, Gled- /lO'.o, Leeds. The Effect of the Winter on Trees and Shrubs. — It is singular to note what effect the severity of the weather has had on hardy trees and shrubs in some districts. At Brougham Hall, West- moreland, the Portugal Laurel is cut to pieces on the south side, while it has escaped comparatively un- scathed on the north side. This, I suppose, must be accounted for in the fact that the branches on the north side were not exposed to fluctuations of temperature like those on the south, nor to the action of the sun through the day, when it had much power through its action on the frozen leaves. Wellinglonias are, I fear, sadly cut up, if not killed, and Pampas-grass (Gynerium argentum) is killed outright. I'isitor. Reports of Societies. Manchester Botanical and Horticultural: March 8. — The first exhibition of plants and flowers for the current year, held in the large room of the Town Hall, was a thorough success in regard alike to the quality of the specimens and the attendance of company. Through the generosity of those who have been generous before, and the coming in strength of several new exhibitors, a most charming general effect was produced, three sides of the noble apartment being converted for the time being into a picturesque romance of leaf and blossom. Occupying beyond all dispute the place of chief honour stood a group of Mr. William Leach's incomparable Orchids, the subtle refinement of form and colour which the orchideous race always declares so well being perfectly set forth in every one of them. Where these plants come from there must indeed be a princely store. The most striking out of a total of about twenty was a Den- drobium crassinode, the principal stem exceeding 3 feet in length, throwing out blossoms from eighteen of the joints, the .aggregate of flowers being fifty-one, and the double curve exactly resembling that of the Hogarthian " line of beauty." We do not remember having to congratulate even Mr. Swan upon a more admirable achievement in Orchid culture. Another plant of the same species has at this moment 148 open flowers ; and upon five examples of the IJendrobium Wardianum, standing alongside, it was easy to see that there was a near approach to a total of 350, all fresh, clean, and perfect. Very worthily abreast of them stood several superb varieties of the Phalajnop- sis Schilleriana, and one of those lovely little wild flowers of the PhiUppine Islands, Dendrochilum glumaceum. Mr. Leach's contribution included also a very beautiful Odontoglossum Pcscatorei maculatum, a Zygopet.alum rostratum, nearly pure white, and, by way of supplement, a well-flowered Azalea amcena Caldwellii ; and one of those pleasing forms of white Cytisus, which in the shrubbery is represented in the common Portugal Broom. Mr. Leach's variety is surely very desirable for the spring conservatory, the contour of the plant being peculiarly its own. To compete with Mr. Leach in the matter of Orchids is itself a distinction. The rivalry lay this time with i\Ir. George Hardy, of Timperley, one of the three new comers, who sent up a considerable quantity, every plant a good one of its kind. Con- spicuous among these Timperley plants were a capital Dendrobium Wardianum, several good varieties of the Lycaste Skinneri ; a Cypripedium Lowii, tall and weird-looking in its quaint mixture of yellow, purple, and violet, shaded with green and dabbled with black ; a blood-red Masdevallia amabilis, and a very lovely Dendrobe with flowers of a soft light primrose colour called IJ. luteolum. In well-chosen contrast with the Orchids stood green Palms and fiery .-Vmaryl- lids, a basketful of cut Orchid blooms occupying the centre of all. Mr. Joseph Broome was to the front as usual, again bringing many beautiful Orchids, 378 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [MakCH 22, 1879. Vandas, riialiianopsicls, ami Denchobcs most particu- larly ; and, above all, for the curious, a new Odonto- glossum, fashioned like O. angustatum, Init quite different in colour. In this charming collection wc noted also the comparatively new primrose-tinted Anthurium Williamsi, in its way quite a gem. The whole of the upper extremity of the room was occu- pied by Mr. John Rylands, Longford ; Crotons, Azaleas, Palms, Ferns, Callas, and other favourite greenhouse plants uniting to form a magnificent bank of verdure and colour, though not presenting any special feature, unless in the Sarracenias, several of which were in tlowcr-bud. In Chinese Primulas there was an even race between two more of the new comers —Mr. J. P. Cross, of Bolton, and Wr. E. C. Botter, of Rusholme House. Both lots were very good, the former, perhaps, on the whole rather superior, the bloom being better lifted above the foliage. Hardy Primulas of exquisite beauty, with some equally char- ming Hepaticas, of various hvies, including the single white, were shown by Mr. S. Barlow, of Chadderton, who also had a boxful of rare and lovely cut blooms of uncommon species of Ilelleborus, mingled with Orchids, conspicuous among which was the empurpled and always so proudly wreathed lip of the Cattleya, and in the corner some sprays of snow-white Apono- geton. The nurserymen who exhibited were Mr. B. .S. Williams, of Holloway, London ; Messrs. Standish, of Ascot ; Messrs. G. & W. Yates, of Heaton Norris ; and Messrs. Dickson, Brown & Tait. Mr. Williams excelled in two directions, showing on the one hand a set of splendid Cyclamens, an exceedingly desirable new rose-coloured hybrid Azalea, raised from amrena, his very remarkable /ICchmea Maria: Regina:, which attracted much attention ; and on the other hand a number of his choicest new Crotons and Dracrenas, the names of which will be found in the list of awards. Messrs. Standish's contribution was made up principally of beautiful little bushes of the Gueldres Rose, in full flower, alternating with Azaleas, and flanked with cut Roses, Neapolitan Violets, and Lily of the Valley, fifty large pots of each. Messrs. G. & W. Vates sent three very hand- some masses of Coelogyne cristata, and Messrs. Dick- son & Co. abundance of Hyacinths, the colours excel- lent, though the season has been rather against the development of the best properties of this priceless flower. The following awards were made by the com- mittee : — The .Society's Silver Medal : Collection of Orchids, Mr. William Leach, Fallowfield ; Col- lection of Orchids, Mr. George Hardy, Tim- perley. Cultural Certificates : Azalea amrena, Mr. John Rylands, Longford ; Croton variegatus, Mr. John Rylands ; Chinese Primulas, Mr. W. Cross, Bolton ; Chinese Primulas, Mr. J. C. Potter, Rusholme House ; Black Alicante Grapes, Mr. John Ileywood, Stretford ; Lily of the Valley, Messrs. John Standish & Co., Ascot ; Neapolitan Violets, Messrs. John Standish & Co. ; Gueldres Roses, Messrs. John Standish & Co. ; Cyclamens, Mr. B. .S. Williams, Hollow.ay, London; hardy Primulas, Mr. Samuel Barlow, Chadderton ; miscel- laneous plants, Mr. Joseph Broome, Didsbury. First- class Certificates : Croton Williamsi, Mr. B. S. Wil- liams ; Croton Prince of Wales, Mr. B. S. Williams ; Dracrena superba, Mr. B. S. Williams ; Dracnena Bausei, Mr. B. S. Williams ; Dracaena Renardii, Mr. B. S. Williams ; Dracaena Frederici, Mr. B. S. Wil- liams ; Odontoglossum (unnamed), JNIr. Joseph Broome. Commendation : Ccelogyne cristata, Messrs. G. & W. Vates, Heaton Norris ; Hyacinths, Messrs. Dickson, Brown & Tait. (Condensed from the " Man- chester Guardian.") ^Ijc Mcailjtr. London : Barometer. — During the week ending Saturday, March 15, in the vicinity of London the readings of the barometer at the level of the sea de- creased from 30.50 inches at the beginning of the week to 30.29 inches by the evening of the loth, increased to 30.39 inches by noon on the nth, de- creased to 29.91 inches by the afternoon of the 12th, increased to 30.39 inches by noon on the 13th, and decreased to 29.70 inches by the end of the week. The mean reading for the week at sea level was 30.21 inches, being 0.02 inch below that of the preceding week, and 0.12 inch above the average. Temperature. — The highest temperatures of the air observed by day varied from 604° on the 9th, to 391" on the I4tli ; the mean value for the week was 51°. The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night varied from 28i^ on the 13th and 29^° on the 14th to 40}° on the nth ; the mean value for the week was 34j°. The mean daily range of temperature in the week was 164°, the least range in the day being 10°, on the nth and 14th, and the greatest 24;", on the 9th. The mean daily temperatures of the air and 'the departures from their respective averages were as follows :— 9th, 47°.8, -F7°.3; lolh, 42°.8, -(-2°.2 ; nth, 43°-9. + 3°-2 ; I2th, 44°.7, + 3^.9 ; 13th, 3S\7, — S°-3; i4tH, 33°-7. — 7°-S; 'S'li. 42°.9. + i°-5- The mean temperature of the air for the week was 41.6°, being o°.8 above the average of sixty years' observations. The highest readings of a thermometer with blackened bulb in vacuo, placed in sun's rays, were 126° on the 9th, 128° on the 13th, n3° on the loth, and no° on the nth; on the 14th the reading did not rise above 46°. The lowest readings of a thermometer on grass, with its bulb exposed to the sky, were 25° on the 13th, 27j° on the 14th, and 275° on the 9th ; the mean of the seven lowest readings was 31°. Wind. — The direction of the wind was W.S.W., and its strength moderately strong. The weather during the week was fine and bright, the air was warm on every day, except the 13th and 14th, when it was vei'y cold. .Slight snow fell on the 14th, and /»§■ prevailed on the 9th and loth. Rain fell on three days during the week ; the amount measured was 0.20 inch. England: Temperature. — During the week ending Saturday, March 15, the highest temperatures of the air observed by day were 6lJ° at Cambridge, 60^° at both Blackheath and Nottingham, and 60° at Truro ; the highest temperature of the air at Brighton and Leeds was 51° ; the mean value from all places was 564". The lowest temperatures of the air observed by night were 22^ at Wolverhampton, 23° at Hull,, 24'' at Truro, 26^ at both Nottingham and Sunder- land, and 265 at Plymouth, Sheffield and Bradford ; the lowest temperature of the air at Brighton was 31°, and at Norwich was 29^ ; the mean value from all stations was 27°. The extreme range of tempera- ture in the week was the greatest at Truro, 36°, and the least at Brighton, 20° ; the mean range of tempe- rature from all places was 29^-°. The mean of the seven high day temperatures of the air was the highest at Truro, 54.^°, Nottingham 52i°, Sheffield 51^, and Plymouth 511°, and the lowest at Leeds 47°, and Brighton 47j° ; the mean value from all stations was 49|°. The mean of the seven low night temperatures of the air was the lowest at Nottingham, 31^°, Wolverhampton and Hull, 32^°, and Plymouth and Bradford, 33° ; and the highest at Liverpool, 36J, and Brighton, 36° ; the mean from all places was 34°. The mean daily range of temperature in the week was the least at both Brighton and Liverpool, nf° ; and the greatest at Nottingham, 2i|° ; the mean daily range of tempe- rature from all places was 15!°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all stations was 41°, being 4° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 1S78. The mean temperature of the air was the highest at Truro, 43°, Sheffield 42°, and Blackheath and Liverpool, both i\,\\' ; and the lowest at Leeds, 394°, and Hull, 39i°. Rain. — The heaviest falls of rain in the week were 0.41 inch at .Sheffield, 0.40 inch at Liverpool, and 0.34 inch at Hull, and the least falls were 0.04 at Norwich, and 0.05 inch at Brighton ; at Plymouth no rain was measured ; the average fall over the country was o. ig inch. The weather during the week was generally fine and bright. Slight falls of snow occurred on Thursday and Friday, and on these days the air was very cold. Scotland : Temperature. — During the week ending Saturday, March 15, the highest temperatures of the air varied from 53° at both Dundee and Perth, and 52° at Leith, to 49}° at Aberdeen ; mean value from all stations was 511°. The lowest temperatures of the air varied from 17° at Edinburgh, and 18° at Leith, to 26.J° at Aberdeen ; the mean value from all places was 21°. The mean range of temperature in the week from all places was 30 j°. The mean temperature of the air for the week from all stations was 375°, being 2|° lower than the value for the corresponding week in 187S. The highest w.is 39° at Glasgow, and the lowest was 35,}° at Aberdeen. Rain. — The amounts of rain and melted snow measured during the week were the heaviest at Dundee, 1.25 inch, Aberdeen i.ii inch, Greenock 1.05 inch, and Edinburgh i.oi inch, at Glasgow only 00.4 inch was measured. The average amount over the country was 0.91 inch. Dublin. — The highest temperature of the air was S6|°, the lowest 24^°, the extreme range 321°, the mean 44°, and the amount of rain measured was 0.50 inch. STATE OP THE WEATHER AT BLACKHEATH, LONDON, For the Week ending Wednesday, March ig, 1879. Temperature of THE Air. Mar. In. In. , . , . ■ 3 \ 3o.'S '-H0.2S 46.S 28.2 18.635.7, 2n Hygrome- ] Incal De- ductions from Wind. Glaishcr's Tables 6th Edition. i 1 1 i ■S S'li £■5 a«xi <& 14 IS 16 17 5-3 2^-4 29.95 j4 0.07 39.5 29.510.0 33.7'— 7.5,32,3 2957 29.62 29.91 29.6s -03051.036.414.642.91+ 1.535.6 —0.24 53 5 41.3 12.2 47.8:-^ 6.3 40.9 -(-O.OI44.5 36.5 8.039.9— 1737-8 I i I —0.1852.937.115.844.11-1- 2.441-3 29.56 -0.2664. 9 39.0 25.9 5o.3i-h 8.645.6 „f N.W. :'*"• . "'i NNW <>•«> „,) NNE; _ '■•il S.W. °-">7 7*' I s;s.\v.°-'» • S.S.W.: S.W. 78|^ 93 E.S.E.:o.oi f N E ■ 5°(. WSW "•■» 84 , E.S.E. 0.01 Mean' 29.77 I— o.095o.4'35-4l5.042 ll-H 0.637.1 83 1 variable J" March 13. — A very fine bright day. Cold. Overcast at night. — 14. — Overcast, dull day. Very cold. Slight snow till 3 P.M., thin rain after. — 15. — A very fine bright day. Windy. Rain in early morning. — 16.- Generally dull and cloudy till 2 P.M. Fine after. Little rain fell between 11 A.M. and i P.M. — 17. — Overcast till evening, then fine. Slight rain at times. Cool. — i8.— Generally fine, though very cloudy at times, Occasional drops of rain. — ig.— Very fine, bright and clear till evening, then over- cast. Little rain in early morning. Warm. JAMES GLAISHER, F.R.S. Answers to Correspondents. Books : F.. L. S. D. Wrightson's Handbook of .Agri- culture, published by William Collins, Sons & Co. (Loudon and Glasgow), contains a chapter on manures which we think would meet your requirements. You would also do well to get Hoio Crops Gro-io, publisheti by Messrs. Macmilan & Co. ; and Elements of Agri- cultural Chemistry, by the late Prof. Jolmstone (Black- wood). — ./. D. jMv Garden is published by G. Bell & Sons, York Street, Covent Garden. Broccoli : A Beginner. The Italian word from which ours is derived is Broccolo, a sprout ; so that the " costers " are right in their spelling. CiNERAKi.'V : E. S. The stem appears to be affected by some disease with which we are not acquainted, and which your specimen is quite insufficient to illustrate. The leaf of the .Asplenium may have been injured by a tiruise while very young. ^The treatment of Eucharis has been frequently explained in our columns. Crimean Snowdrop : A. J. The plant you send under this name is the Snowflake (Leucojum vernum). Grafting Plums: Old Subscriber. The best way is to whip-graft them. This is sometimes termed splice- grafting ; also tongue-grafting. Ho\v TO Form a Rookery ; A Young XaturalUt. Cut some branches from trees in an established rookery in the forks of which are nests of young rooks which cannot fly, and fix them securely in the tops of the trees which you wish the rooks to take to. To hatch the eggs as you suggest would do no good at all. Insects ; J. Phillpotts. The weevil (Otiorhynchus sul- catus), a well-known garden pest. Leaf-mould; T. .4. C. The best mode of facilitating the decay of leaves for the purpose of forming leaf- mould, is to throw them in a heap to ferment, which they will do when fresh if moderately moistened. We should not use lime, as some plants do not like iU N.\MES of Plants ; /•'. 5. Dendrobium speciosum. — IP. 7". Chimonanthus prcecox. — U'. S. Helle- borus foitidus. — P. B. C. .\ species of Bryanthus ; specimen insufficient to determine which. Cranslm if Co. Your plant is a Hoya, but we cannot name the species without leaves and stem. Pansies for Exhibition : E. Barkinson. Amy, Beacon, Rob Roy, Janet Lees, Flag of Truce, Leah, Miss Todd, .Alexander M'Nab, Cherub, Helen Douglas, Ophir, Miss Rogers. Phloxes : H. C. Twelve of the best for exhibition are — Countess of Minto, Coccinea, Dr. Masters, Lothair, John .\nderson, Mrs. D. Croat, Jessie Laird, Mons. Linden, Lilacina, Mrs. Aberdein, La Candeur, Georp Grieve. P0RTUG.\L Laurel : G. S. There are two causes for the spots on the leaves. The greater part of the spots are diseased from the effect of drops of moisture settling on the leaves and affecting the subjacent tissues, some- times from cold, sometimes from the drops acting as lenses ; the other spots are due to an obscure fungus belonging to the genus Depazea. .1/. J. B. SCENTED-LEAVEl) PELARGONIUMS : Florist. The fol- lowing would probably serve your purpose : — Prince ol Orange, Crispuiu, Gmveolens, Quercifolia, Fair Helen. Odoratissimum, and Fragrans. SuM.MER-HousE, &c. : Rusticus. Apply to Mr. J. Caven Fox, Royal Horticultural Society, South Ken sington ; Messrs. John Edgington & Co., 48, Long Lane, West Smithfield, E.C. ; and Messrs. Benjamin March 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 379 I'.dgington & Co., 2, Duke Street, London Bridge, for tlieir catalogues. Tr.N.\NT'.s Fixtures: C.B. N. N. If your agreement is properly drawn out and stamped, and it contains a clause to the effect " that all sheds, &e., built by the tenant, shall not be sold with the jiroperty, but shall be the tenant's i^roperty in all cases," we sliould think you could build the sheds, &c., as you pleased. But the question is one which, perhaps, admits of much legal straw-splitting, and you would best consult your own interests by obtaining the advice of a respectable solicitor before building at all. Vanilla ; J. \V. S. The details of the process of artificially fertilising the flowers of this plant are too long to be given in a brief answer to correspondents. You will find full particulars, with illustration, in our number for September 28, 1867, which may be ob- tained from the publisher. 1^" Foreign Subscribers sending Post-office Orders are requested to make them payable at the post-office. King Street, Covent Garden, London, and at the same time to inform the I'ublisher at the office of this Journal. CVTAi.ocUEs Received : — Messrs. Pounce & Sons (18, Westbourne Grove, London, \V.), Illustrated Price List of Artistic P'loral Decorations, Ferneries, and Rustic Cork Decorations. — James Lye (Market Lavington, AMIts), List of Xew E.xhibition and Deco- rative Fuchsias, Bedding Pelargoniums, &c. — Thomas S. Ware (Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London), Illustrated Catalogue of Choice Hardy Perennials, Aquatics, Orchids, Grasses, &c. — Messrs. Dicksons ^: Co. (i, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh), Catalogue of Hardy Herbaceous and .\lpine Plants. Communications Received ; — J. G. LJ.— H. J. E. — J. G.— J. V. & S. — J. S. C— C. R. (many thanks).— Foreman (you have not complied with our rules, by forwarding your name and address). — H. L. & Co. — N. F. — W. H. — VV. R. — A. D. — W. H. D —James Fairman's Son & Co. (wonderful, if true).— B. P.— J. B.-M. D.— J. S.— J. M., New Zealand. — R. D. B.— J. W.— C. L. DIED.— On the 17th inst. Gardens, Edinburgh. Mrs. Laird, 17, Coates COVENT GARDEN, March 20. There have been no alterations during the past week. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Markets Apples, ^-basket .. Cobs and Filberts, lb. Grapes, per lb. .. Lemons, per 100 Artichokes, English Globe, doz. .. 20-40 — Jerusalem, bush. 60-.. Asparagus, Fr. sprue, per bundle . . 16-.. — Eng., per ico .. 10 0-15 o — Fr. giant, p. bun. 30 o- .. — Touloube, bun... 50-70 Beans, French, p. 100 3 o- 4 o Fruit. s. d. s. d. I 16-50 Oranges, per 100 . . 09-10' Pears, per doz. 3 0-12 o \ Pine-apples, pel lb. 3 o-io o I Strawberries, per oz. Vegetables. s. d. s. d. Beet, per doz. Herbs, per bunch . . Horse Radish, p. bun. Lettuces, Cabbage, per doz. Mint, green, bunch. . Onions, per bushel.. — young, per bun. Parsley, per lb. Peas, per quart s. d. I. d 40-80 40-80 10-26 10-16 s. d. s, d. 02-04 40-.. I 6- .. 16-.. 40-.. 04-06 20-30 0-20' Potatos, new, basket i o- . Radishes, Fr., bunch 06-.. — New Jersey, doz. 20-.. Rhubarb, doz. .. 60-80 Shallots, per tb. .. 06- .. Seakale, per punnet 26-.. Spinach, per bushel 5 o-io o Sweet Potatos, per lb. 06-.. Tomatos, per dozen 26-30 Turnips, p. 12 bunch, 30-60 305. ; Champions, Zos. to gai, ; 120J. to 1405. per ton. Large N Pots. s. d. s. d. Foliage Plants, vari- ous, each . . . . 2 o-io 6 Fuchsias, per dozen g 0-18 o Genista, per dozen . . g 0-74 o Hyacinths, per doz. 6 0-18 o Camellias, per dozeniS 0-60 o Mignonette, per doz, 6 o- g o Cinerarias, per doz. g o-i3 o Myrtles, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Cyclamens, per doz. g 0-30 o Palms in variety, Cyperus, per dnzen 6 0-12 o each .. ..2 6-21 o Dielytra, per dozen g 0-18 o Pelargoniums. scar- Dracaena terminalis 30 0-60 o lets, zonal, doz .. 6 0-12 o — viridis, perdoz. ..18 0-24 o Primulas, per dozen 4 0-12 o Erica hyemalis, doz. g 0-30 o Solanums, per doz. 6 0-12 o Euonymus, van, doz. 6 0-18 o Spiraea, per dozen ..12 0-30 o Ferns, in var. , p. doz. 4 0-18 o Tulips, per dozen . . S 0-12 o Ficus elastica, each 2 6-1 s o Brus. sprouts, bush. 10 o- .. Cabbages, per doz. .. 10-20 Carrots, per b\mch . . 04-06 Cauliftuwcrs, perdoz. 20-50 Celery, per bundle .. 16-20 Chilis, per 100 .. 20- .. Cucumbers, each ..09-16 Endive, Batav. dozen 16-.. Garlic, per lb. ..06-.. Potatos : — Regents, 100s. to Rocks, 7o,j. to 75^. ; Flukes supplies, and trade heavy. Plants : s. d. s. d. Arum Lily, or Rich- ardia sethiop.jdoz. g 0-18 o Azaleas, per dozen.. 18 0-60 o Begonias, per doz. .. 6 0-12 o Bouvardias, per doz.i8 0-24 o Cut Flowers. s.d. s. d. I o 6- 4 0-12 Abutilon, 12 blooms Arum Lilies, 12 bims, Azaleas, 12 sprays ..06-16 Bouvardias, per bun. 10-40 Camellias, per dozen 10-60 Carnations, per dozen 16-40 Cineraria, izbunches g 0-18 o Cyclamen, 12 blooms 03-10 Deutzia, 12 bunches 6 c-12 o Epiphyllum, izblms. 10-30 Eucharis, per doz. .. 4 0-12 o Euphorbia. 12 sprays 30-60 Gardenias. 12 blms. 6 0-18 o Heliotropes, 12 sp. ..06-10 Hyacinths, 12 spies. 4 0-12 o — Roman, 12 spks. 06-20 s. d. s. d. LilyofVal.,i2spray5 10-30 Mignonette, 12 bun. 6 0-12 o Narcissus, paper- white, 12 sprays .. 10-20 Pelargoniums. 12 spr. 10-20 — zonal, 12 sprays 10-20 Primula, double, per bunch . . . . o g- I 6 — single. 12 bunch. 6 0-12 o Roses (indoor), doz. 16-90 Snowdrops, 12 bun. 10-60 Tropseolum, 12 bun. 20-60 Tuberoses, per dozen 30-60 Tulips, 12 blooms .. 10-30 Violets, 12 bunches 09-20 ^VEBBS' SUPERB FLOWER SEEDS, Per Packet —J, ,f. s. d. each ; Bushes, 3^^. each ; Standards, Pyramid and Dwarf-trained Trees, 3^. 6d. and 5^. each. HARDY HERBACEOUS and ALPINE PLANTS, their scientific and English names, height, colour, time of flowering, and other useful information. Descriptive Price List for a penny stamp. Collection of 100 beautiful hardy varieties for Garden Beds, Borders, or Rock- eries, for 3oj^. T ISTofall the EVERGREEN FIR TRIBE, ■^~* suitable for Britain, giving size, price, popular and botanical names, derivations, description, form, colour, foliage, growth, timber, use in arts, native country, and size there, situation, soil, and other information, with copious index of their synonyms. Free by post for six stamps. LIST of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising the best selections of Camellias, Azaleas, Ericas, Epacris, Ferns, &c.. free for a penny stamp. LIST of EVERGREEN and DECIDUOUS SHRUBS, RHODODENDRONS, STANDARD ORNAMENTAL TREES. CLIMBING and TWINING PLANTS, with their generic, specific, and English names, native country, height, time of flowering, colour, &c., and general remarks, free for a penny stamp. ALL kinds of GARDEN SEEDS, of first quality, liULBS, MUSHROOM SPAWN, TOBACCO PAPER, ARCHANGF,L MATS, and other GARDEN REQUISITES. See Lists. \\'hich may be h,id nn applirntion •Richard Smith &-C2i Is^ Worcester -'A WM. PAUL & SON, %jfymj:: (Successors to the late A. Paul & Son, Established 1S06,) J|:-y^./ROSE GROWERS, TREE, PLANT, BULB, AND SEED MERCHANTS. WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS. Adjoining the " Waltham " Station, Great Eastern Railway. Iitspcciion of Stock invited. Priced Descriptive Catalogues free by post. T^EGONIA SEED.— ^—^ Handsome New Kinds. Saved from exceedingly beautiful varieties of the handsome- flowered tuberous-rooted section. The flowers have all been carefully fertilised, so that splendid new kinds may be expected from this seed. 1^. ^d. and is, 6d. per packet. PRIMULA, CINERARIA, and CALCEOLARIA, from Prize strains, the best that can be purchased, each at is. 6d. and 2j, 6d. per packet. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. Wellingtonia glgantea Seed. T PAILLET, Nurseryman, Chatcnay-les- ■^-** Sceaux, near Paris, France, has the pleasure to an- nounce that he has just received a splendid lot of fresh Seeds of WELLINGTONIA GIGANTEA of very first quality, from California. L. PAILLET also ofl:ers Tuberous or Bulbous BEGONIAS, fine mixed varieties for bedding; splendid ROSES of every kind, at very low prices. CATALOGUES, Prices, &c., sent on application either direct to L. P., as above ; or to his Agents, Messrs, R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 15, Harp Lane, Great Tower Street, London, E.C. To Gentlemen, Builders, and the Trade. T>OBERT AND GEORGE NEAL, -L \) Wandsworth Common and Garrett Lane Nurseries, beg respectfully to call attention to their large and varied Stock of HARDY, ORNAMENTAL, FOREST, FRUIT TREES and SHRUBS, which are grown at their Nurseries, especially those Trees, &c., which are most suitable for growing in or near large towns. An early inspection invited. All goods delivered free on rail in London, or at own residence, within five miles ef the Nurseries. CATALOGUES free by post on application. M. KNIGHT, of the Floral Nurseries, Hailsham, Sussex, offers from his large Stocks of Standard and Dwarf ROSES, FRUIT TREES of all sizes Scarlet and other RHODODENDRONS well set with buds CONIFER.^- and EVERGREENS, and DECIDUOUS TREES for Avenues, by the dozen, loo or looo, at very low prices for well-grown stuff. Season 1879. T/^EGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS ▼ of Superior Quality. Carriage Free. Priced Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing select Lists of these, also Potatos for planting. Hybrid Gladioli, and other Garden Requisites, is now published, and will be sent post-free on application. DICKSON AND ROBINSON, Seed Merchants and Nurserymen, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester Special List of Cheap Orchids. T> S. WILLIAMS, having- recently received -■—'• from his Collectors and Correspondents in different parts of the world large consignments of ORCHIDS, and through having purchased several Collections in this country, is now in a position to offer good young healthy Plants of the fol- lowing species and varieties at more reasonable prices than it has been possible hitherto to sell at. An inspection is respect- fully invited : — Established. —s. d. Established - -T d Aerides roseum . . 10 6 Dendrobium bigibbum 7 6 „ crispum . . 10 6 „ nobile ^ 6 „ virens 10 6 ,, chrysanthura I 6 ,, odoratum majus . . 7 6 Epidendrum vitelltnum ,, Lobbii 15 0 majus (imported), from 2 6 „ Fieldingii ., I"; 0 Limatodes rosea 3 6 Cattleya Mendelii (im- Lycaste Skinneri 5 0 ported) . . 10 6 Masdevallia Lindeni . . ,, Aclandia; .. ID 6 ,, polysticta.. 5 0 ,, citrina ^ 6 „ Harryana . . 7 6 ,, Triariisc 10 6 ,, ignea 7 6 „ Warscewiczii deli- Odontoglossum Insleayi cata M 0 leopardiuum .. 5 0 „ Warnerii . . IS 0 ,, Halhi 7 ^ ,, lobata 10 6 ,, hystrix 10 6 „ crispa s 0 „ cirrhosum.. ^ fi Calanthe Veitchii 7 6 ,, pulchellum majus ^ 6 ,, vestita luteo oc- ,, Phalscnopsis (im- culata . . 2 b ported) .. 7 6 ,, ,, rubro occulata 2 6 ,, Rossii majus (im- Coelogvne cristata .s 0 ported) . . 7 6 Cymbi'dium eburneum.. I^ 0 Oncidium aurosum 5 0 ,, Mastersii .. IS 0 ,, Bauerii Cypripedium barbatum ,, sphacelatum 5 0 superbum ^ 6 ,, incurvum .. 7 6 ,, insigne 2 6 „ verrucosum 5 0 ,, speciabile.. :• 6 „ concolor .. 10 6 „ Boxalii S 0 „ flexuosum.. ^ 6 „ Pearcei T. 6 ,, Papilio 7 6 „ Harrisianum 7 6 ,, Krameri .. 5 0 ,, niveum S 0 Pleione lagenaria „ WallTchiana ? 6 Decdrobium formosum \ 6 giganteum S 0 Saccolabium ampul- ,, chrysotis .. 10 6 laceum . . 5 0 ,, cretaceum.. ^ 6 ,, Blumei majus 7 6 „ Pierardii .. ^ 6 ,, curvifolium 7 fi „ pulchellum purpu- Vanda tricolor inslgnls 10 6 reum 6 „ tricolor 10 6 ,, Findleyanum 10 6 ,, Roxburghii !■) 0 Specimens of the above can b e supplied, prices of which will be forwarded on application. B. S. WILLIAMS', Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N. Illustrated Catalogue of Hardy Perennials. THOMAS S. WAR E ha5 pleasure in announcing the issue of the above for the present year, containing New, Rare, and Select Hardy Perennials, mih which is combined extensive Lists of Aquatics, Bog PlantSt Hardy Terrestrial Orchids, Bamboos, and Ornamental Grasses. Gratis and post-free on application. Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London. ]V'EW COLEUS.— The two following are -^^ very distinct new types : both have been introduced from the Islands of the South Pacific, and are totally different to anything before in cultivation ; — COLEUS DISTINCTION, deeply crenated leaves of a bronzy green colour shaded with violet-crimson, the centre of the leaf prettily feathered with creamy yellow, the midrib and veins rosy purple. 75. 6d. COLEUS SURPRISE. leaves bright green, centrally banded and feathered with primrose-yellow, the variegation becoming white ai the leaves mature ; extremely attractive. 7S. 6d. WILLIAM BULL, F.L S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.\V. March 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 381 Messrs. Beckwith & Son Beg to inform their Provincial Customers and the Trade generally that their EARLY-FLOWERING PELARGONIUMS Are now in bloom in various stages, and can be supplied in quantities not less than two dozen, delivered to any railway terminus in London, without any charge for packing, at From 15s. to 243. per dozen. Tlic sorts include Tnomphe de St. Maude, Monte Christo, Virgi/ui/is, Reflection, Boatity of Edmonton, Mr. Louis Lloyd, Queen of Februaty, I 'ictorine Pinguard, &^c. The general collection, including DUCHESS OF BEDFORD, and most of the best varieties raised by the Market Njrserj-nien, including some of the best of those by that eminent raiser Mr. WILLIAM BROWN, will be in bloom in about two or three weeks : prices from \is, to 2^s. per dozen. TOTTENHAM NURSERY, LONDON, N. WINNER OF THE ONLY GOLD MEDAL ever offered /.>.. For LAWN MOWERS IN OPEN COMPETITION, //"^v^ B I R M I N G H A M, 18 7 4. THIS LAWN MOWER IS ADAPTED FOR EVERY KIND OF LAWN. Send /or Ilbistrated Catalogue to the Sole Makers, JOHN CROWLEY & CO., SHEFFIELD. c H O I C E NOVELTIES. CINERARIA, Double (new), improved strain, is. and 2J. ^d, per packet. BEGONIA FRfEBELLI, a comparatively hardy variety, with brilliant scarlet flowers, i.r. per packet. MYOSOriS SYLVATICA, true Cliveden variety. 6:/. per pkt. PETUNIA, Foster's Extra Choice Hybridised, superb strain, \s. per packet. SWEET WILLIAM. Dixon's Auricula-eyed, very choice, td. per picket. CUCUMBER, kollisson's Telegraph, true, \s. per packet. ,, Foster's -X. L. Ridge, very superior, long, handsome variety, fine flavour, td, and xs. per packet. LETTUCE. Di-fon's Champion Green Cos, the best summer Lettuce in cultivation, 6\mSEEDS. SeedPotatoes&GardeiiKeqnisites. QUALITY UNSURPASSED.CARRIAGE FREE. Jllnsttaic(lCa(aIor/!fCiFoMl'ree, COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society. — Four-bushel bag (bag included), \s. ; 30 bags (bags included), 2o.f. ; truck free to rail, 251. RICH (late Finlayson & Hector), Cocoa-Nut Fibre Works, 24 and 25, Redman's Row, Mile End Road, London. E. ARDEN REQUISITES.— COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, as supplied to Her Majesty and most of the leading Nurserymen and Gardeners. 3^. per bushel : loo for 20J. : truck (loose, 250 bush.), 30J. 4.bushel bags, ^d. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 51. (J. per sack; 5 sacks, 25^. : 12 for 45^., or 361. per ton. BLACK. FIBROUS PEAT, y. per sack, 5 sacks tis. ; 12 for 40J., or 34^. per ton : sacks, a,d. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, is. <)d. per bushel; 15J. half ton, 26s. per ton ; in i cwt. bags. 4'/. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT MOULD, and LEAF MOULD, IS. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 81. td. per sack. Manures, Garden Sticks, Virgin Cork, Tobacco Cloth and Paper, Russia Mats, &c. Write for free PRICE LIST. Goods free to rail. H. G. SMYTH. lo. Castle Street, Endell Street, Long Acre,W.C. pOCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE.— V^ Reduced Price :— In 4 bushel bags, bags included, at ir., or truckload of about 250 bushels, 25s. (trucklo.id delivered free to rail in London). Post-office C>rder or Cheque will oblige with all orders.— J. STKVEwG and CO., Gicyhound Yard, and 134, High Street, Battersea. S.W. PEAT and LOAM.— 1000 tons of the best Peat and Loam in England for Sale, at moderate prices. Delivered into r.-iilway trucks at the best stations for transit. Apply toW. SHORT, HorticuUoral Depot, Kcigate, Surrey. Established 1862. PEAT SOIL, PEAT SOI L,— BROWN FIBROUS, good quality, for Orchids. Pot Plants, Ferns, &c., /6 bs. per truck. BLACK, good quality for American Plants, Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, &c, , 17^. per ton. or 6-ton truck for £,^ xos. Delivered on rail at Black- water, S.E.R., or Camberley, S. W.R., by the truckload. Cash with order. Sample sack, s^. 6*/.. or four sacks. 20s. HOLDER AND SON, Crown Nurseries, Reading. PEAT, Black or Brown Fibrous, of superior quality for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Orchids, &c., at /4 4t, per 6-ton truck, put on rail at Camberley Station, South-Western Railway. — Address, W. TARRY, Bagshot, Surrey. Fibrous Peat for Orchids, &c. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, best quality for Orchids. Stove Plants, &c., £,t ts. per truck. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, for Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, American Plant Beds, 15^-. per ton. Delivered on rail at Blackwater, S. E. R., or Famborough, S. W. R., by the truckload. Sample bag, ^s. ; 5 bags, 20J. ; JO bags, 36^. Bags, ^d. each. Fresh SPHAGNUM, loj. dd. per bag. WALKER AND CO., Famborough Station, Hants. I L LER AND JOHNSON (Established 1855) Manufacture the highest quality of ARTIFICIAL MANURES For Root, Corn, and Grass Crops. 36, Mark Lane, London. I S H U RST C O M P O U N D.— Used by many of the leading Gardeners since 1859, against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Greenfly, and other Blight, in solutions of from i to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft water, and of from 4 to 16 ounces as a winter dressmg for Vines and Fruit Trees. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Sold Retail by Seedsmen in Boxes, 1^., 3*., and lar. td. Wholesale by PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). C LAY'S FERTILISER, Or PLANT FOOD, Is now respectfully offered to the Public, after having been thoroughly tested and approved, during the last three years, by the principal Market Growers and Gardeners. It is a powerful and lasting Manure, quick in action, and clean and safe to use. See correspondence in Ga7-deners' Chronicle, Oct. 5. 12, 19, and 26. To be had of Seedsmen, Nurserymen, and Florists, in packets, is. \ and in bags, % cwt., -js. 6d. ; % cwt., I2J. (>d. ; I cwt., 2o.r. ; or by letter addressed to 174, High Street, Homerton. London, E. References can be given to over 200 of the principal Nurserymen and Florists. For Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables. GYDE'S IMPERIAL FERTILISER. Established 40 Tears- This Manure is unequalled in effect for speedy and certain action in producing desired results, the strength and quality being highly concentrated. (Should be used by every one.) For the convenience of consumers our Manure is packed in bags containing : — 1 cwt, 16s.; Yz cwt., 9s. 6d ; % cwt. 7s.; 14 lb, 5s.; 7 lb , 3s. 6d.; 3Mlb., 2s. 4d.; Tin, Is.; And may be obtained of all principal Nursery- men, Florists, and Seedsmen ; or direct from the Works, by application to W. TRINDER, Chemical Manure Works, Stroud, Gloucester- shire ; or, T. HARDY, 27, Crosby Hall Chambers, Bishopgate, London, E.G. Agen/s ivanted. ENUINE TOBACCO CLOTH and PAPER, for Fumigating Greenhou'^es and Destroying the Fly, IS. per pound, in dry condition and ready for use. Special rates to large consumers, P.O.O. payable 165, Rlackfriars Road. (Established 1834 ) JOSEPH BAKER. 14. Nelson Square. S.E, JAMES' Genuine Roll-made TOBACCO • RAG and PAPER, for Fumigating Greenhouses, has always given great satisfaction to those who use it. Read testi- monials, post-free. lod. per pound ; to tlie trade, 5 per cent, re- duction.—44, Hampton Street, Walworth Road, London, S.E. To Nurseiymen and Seedsmen. (^ENUINE ROLL TOBACCO PAPER in VJ packets ; also CLOTH, as supplied to most of the London Nurserymen and Seedsmen. Trade price very low. J. GEORGE, Putney Heath, London. ARDEN BROOMS, at is., 3.?., 6,s. and 5^-. per dozen (not less than 2 dozen). Sent to any part on receipt of Post-office Order by GEO. MANLEV AND CO., Manufacturers of every descrip- tion of Brushes and Brooms, South Street, Long Lane, Borough, S.E. Established 1759. ANDERSON'S RUSSIA MATS For COVERING, TYING, and PACKING, are highly recommended for durability and cheapness. De- scriptive Catalogue sent post-free on application. SACK.S and BAGS of every description. TARPAULINS, HORSE- CLOTHS. ROPES. LINES, and TWINES.— JAMES T. ANDERSON, 140, Commercial Street, Shoreditch, Londcn, E. ARCHANGEL AND PETERSBURG MAT MERCHANTS and IMPORTERS. All the usual kinds at reduced rates. SACKS and SEED BAGS, new and second-hand, of every description, RAFFIA FIBRE, NETTING and TIFFANY, TARPAULINS. RICK COVERS. HORSE-CLOTHS, ROPES, LINES and TWINES. Price LIST on application to J. BLACKBURN and SONS, 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, J.on4on, E.C, pREVECCEUR — SITTING of EGGS.— V_> Four shillings per Sitting. LA NORMANDE and CO., 23, Rathbone Place, W. OR SALE, less than half cost, a GREEN- HOUSE complete, Hot-water Pipes, &c. , nearly new. Owner going to -Hive in London. Can be seen at Ealing near station. RURAL, i, Ealing Terrace, Ealing. Wbolesale Russia Mat Merebants. MARENDAZ AND FISHER, Importers of ARCHANGEL and ST. PETERSBURG MATS, RAFFIA FIBRE, &c. Manufacturers of TANNED NETTING, TIFFANY, and other Garden Requisites. 9, James Street, Covent Garden, W.C. WOOD TRAINING STICKS and TALLIES, commended by Royal Horticultural Society ; BAMBOO CANES, RAFFIA for tying, VIRGIN CORK, ARCHANGEL and other MATS, PACKING MATS, &c. Wholesale prices on application to C. J. BLACKITH AND CO., Cox's Quay, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. Indestructible Terra-Cotta Plant Markers. MAW AND C O.'S PATENT.— Prices, Printed Patterns, and Specimens, sent post- free on application ; also Patterns of Ornamental Tile Pave- ments for Conservatories. Entrance Halls. &c. MAW AND CO., Benthall Works, Broseley. Accidents Occur DaUy— Accidents of all Kinds Provided against by a Policy of the RAILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE COMPANY.— The Oldest and Largest Accidental Assurance Company. The Right Hon. Lord Kinnaird, Chairman. Subscribed Capital, ;£i.ooo.ooo. Annual Income, £iii,.ooo. A fixed sum in case of Death by Accident, and a Weekly Allowance in the event of Injury, may be secured at moderate Premiums. Bonus allowed to Insurers of five years' standing. ,^1,350,000 have been paid as compensation. Apply to the Clerks at the Railway Stations, the Local Agents, or 64, Cornhill. London. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secreury. IMPROVEMENT oriANDED ESTATES, By DRAINAGE, ENCLOSING. CLEARING, The ERECTION of FARM BUILDINGS and COTTAGES. WATER SUPPLY. &c. The Land Loan and Enfranchisement Coi (Incorporated by Special Act of Parliament) A D VA NCES MONE V : ist.— To the OWNERS of SETTLED and OTHER ESTATES, for the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages, and for the Drainage, Irrigation, Enclosing, Clearing and General Improvement of Landed Property in any part of the United Kingdom. 2d.— To the OWNERS of SETTLED ESTATES in ENGLAND, for the Erection or Completion of Mansions, Stables, and Outbuildings, and for the Construction or Erection of Reservoirs, and other Works of a permanent nature, to supply Water for the use of the Estate, or for any other purpose. 3d.— To LANDOWNERS generally, to enable them to subscribe for Shares in Companies for the Construction of Rail- ways and Navigable Canals, which will beneficially afFsct their Estates. 4th.— To INCUMBENTS, for the Improvement of their Glebe Lands, by Drainage, and the Erection of Farm Buildings and Cottages. 5th.— To COPYHOLDERS, for the Enfranchisement of Copyhold Lands. The amount borrowed, with the expenses, would be charged on the Estate benefited, and repaid by a rent-charge, termi- nating in twenty-five years. No Investigation of the Landowner's Title is necessary. Forms of application, and all further particulars may be obtained of Messrs. RAWLENCE and SQUAREY. 22. Great George Street. Westminster, S.W.. and Salisbury : of Messrs. ASHURST, MORRIS, CRISP and CO.. 6, Old Jewry, London, E.C. ; of Messrs. GILLESPIE and PATERSON. W.S., 81A. George Street, Edinburgh. Agents for the Company in Scotland ; and at the Offices of the Company, as below. T. PAIN, Managing Director. EDWIN GARROD, Secretary. Land Loan and Enfranchisement Company. 22, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W. H^^ G A RD E N P OTTERY, Old Down, Shepton Malett. I have not advertised my Flower-pnts lately, for I have been selling faster than I could make. I have some 10 hand now, and none can please better. «. j uirKES CO., DOULTON AND Manufacturers of IMPERISHABLE GARDEN EDGING, Of various patterns, in Terra Cotta, Stoneware, & Blue Staffordslilre Ware. [USES, PEDESTALS, PE.XDAXTS. ifc, In Terra Cotta and Doulton Ware. Illustrated LISTS and Special Prices on application. Chief Offira: High Street, Lambeth, S E. Df/'Ols : Wood Street, Birmingham : loo. Soho Street, Liverpool ; and Hope Street, Salford. M^imtfactorics: Lambeth, Staffordshire, and Lancashire. ARDEN BORDER TILES and STABLE and COACH-HOUSE PAYINGS in every vaiiety. Terra Cotta, Earthenware Pipes. Encaustic Tiles (any col ^i:r), Ki)ofing and Ridge Tiles, Gmters, Chimney Pots, Sanitary Ware, String Courses, and Bricks of all descriptions. Large Stock at Maiden Lane, L. & N.W.K., York Road, King's Cross, N.W. Price Lists free. \V. L. MUIR AND CO., Head Office, 36, Strand, W.C. March 22, 1879.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 383 1 Rosher's Garden Edging Tiles. THE ABOVE and many other PATTERNS are made in materials of great durability. The plainer sorts are specially suited for KITCHEN GARDENS, as they harbour no Slugs or Insects, take up little room, and once put down, incur no further labour or expense, as do "grown" Edgings, consequently being much cheaper. GARDEN VASES, FOUNTAINS, &c.. in Artificial Stone, very durable and of superior finish, and in great variety of design. F. ROSHER AND CO, Manufacturers, Upper Ground Street, Blackfriars, 3. E. ; King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ; Kingsland Road, E. Agents for LOOKER'S PATENT "ACME FRAMES," PLANT COVERS, and PROPAGATING BOXES ; also for FOXLEY'S PATENT BEADED GARDEN WALL BRICKS. Illustrated Price Lists free by Post. The Trade supplied. ORNAMENTAL PAVING TILES, for Conservatories, Halls, Corridors. Balconies. &a , from 35. per square yard upwards. Pattern Sheets of Plain or more elaborate Desij^ns, with Prices, sent for selection. WHITE GLAZED TILES, for Lining Walls of Dairies. Larders, Kitchen Ranges, Baths, &c. Grooved and other Stable Paving of great durability, Wall Copings, Drain Pipes and Tiles of all kinds. Roofing Tiles in great variety. Slates, Cement, &c. T. ROSHER AND CO,. Brick and Tile Merchants. See Addresses above. SILVER SAND, fine or coarse grain as desired. Price by Post per Ton orTruckload. on Wharf in London, or delivered direct from Pits to any Railway Station. Samples of Sand free by post. FLINTS and BRICK BURRS for Rockeries or Ferneries. KENT PEATS or LOAM supplied at lowest rates in any quantities. F. ROSHER AND CO.— Addresses see above. N.E. — Orders promptly executed by Rail or to Wharves. A liberal Discount to the Trade. BELGIAN GLASS for GREENHOUSES, dtc, Can be obtained in all sizes and qualities, of BETHAM & SON, 9. LOWER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.G. B. & Son have always a large Stock in London of 2o-in. by iz-in. , 20-in. by 14-in., 20-in. by i6-in., 20-in. by iS-in., in i6-oz. & 21-02. HORTICULTURAL WINDOW GLASS. A large variety of sues, 15-oz., 12^. td. ; 21-oz., \^s. 6Y., per 100 feet. Large sizes, in Cases, for Cutting up — 15-cz. 4ths, 30J. ; 3ds, 405. per 300 feet ; — 21-oz. 4ths, 305 : 3ds., 401. per 200 feet.— ALFRED SYER, Glass, Lead, Zinc, Oil and Colour Merchant, 8, Pentonville Road, London, N. HELLIWELL'S PATENTED NEW SYSTEM of AIR and WATER-TIGHT IMPERISHABLE GLAZING. All Woodwork is covered, and no outside Painting is required. Old Roofs Reglazed. Any one can repair or take in pieces. " It is suitable for Railway Stations, Mills, Weaving Sheds, &c., but is specially applicable to Conservatories. Plant Houses, and Orchard Houses, and we should be very much inclined to try the system. It is certainly worth looking to." — The Builder. " And will, in our opinion, supersede any other similar system before the public."— ^wz/d'/w^ News. "It seems to meet the end in view more nearly than any- thing we have seen yet." — T/ie Field. 7, Mark Lane. Londcn, Noik 14, 1878. "Dear Sir, — I cannot see what Testimonial you can require from me, than the fact that I have taken off all my putty glazings, and removed Rendle's work to replace it with yours. Any one seeing the two systems would say that yours is far the superior, and that nothing yet out can touch it. — Yours, " T. W. Helliwell, Esq., Brishouse. " W. R. Preston." For Estimates, Drawings, or Particulars, apply to the Patentee, T. W. HELLIWELL, Brighouse, Yorkshire ; or, 19. Parliament Street, London. W.C. HE GRAVEL -WALK METAL SCRAPER MATS.— They improve the appearance of Entrances, are suitable for all kmds of Gravel-walk Entrances, in all weathers, either to remove the loose grit after summer showers, or the dirt or snow of winter. Their texture gives a firm hold to the feet in wltatever direction you step. They are the width of an ordinary step, and being directly m the path cannot escape use, save much wear in other mats, floorcloths, and carpets, and their endurance is incalculable. Lengths, 2 feet 3 inches, price icM. ; 2 feet 6 inches, \-zs. ; 3 feet, 14J. ; 3 feet ^ inches, i6j. ; 3 feet 8 inches, xZs. ; 4 feet, 20J. All 12 inches wide. Tidcombe's Patent Gravel-walk Metal Scraper Mats are suitable for Mansions, Villas, French Casements, Conservatories, Hothouses, Greenhouses, Flower Gardens, Kitchen Gardens, Places of Worship, Colleges, Schools, Manufactories, Hotels, Public Institutions, and all Entrances leading from Sandy, Gntty, or Gravel Walks. Delivered on Railway on receipt of re- mitunce, payable to G. TIDCOMBE and SON, Watford, HertSv 'ONES'S PATENT "DOUBLE L'' SADDLE BOILER. These Boilers possess all the advantages of the old Saddle Boiler, with the following improvements— viz., the water-space at back and over top o( saddle increases the heating surface to such an extent that a "PATENT DOUBLE L SADDLE BOILER" will do about twice the amount of work with the same quantity of fuel ; the cost of setting is also considerably reduced, and likewise the space occupied ; at the same time these Boilers are simple in construction, and being made of wrought-iron are not liable to crack. They are made of the following sizes :^ Sizes. To heat of 4-in. Pipe. Price. High. Wide. Long. Feet. i, s. d. 20 in. 18 in. 18 in. 300 700 20 ,, j8 „ 24 » 400 800 20 „ »8 „ 30 .. 500 900 =4 .. 24 .. 24 .. 700 12 0 0 2* .. =4 „ 30 .. 850 14 0 0 24 .. 24 M 36 „ 1000 16 0 0 ^} " =4 „ 48 „ 1400 20 0 0 =8 „ 28 „ 60 „ 1800 25 0 0 Larger sizes if required. From Mr. Charles Young, Nurseries, Baikam Hill, S.IV., May 29. 1873. '' Having given your Patent ' Double L' Boilers a fair trial at my Nurseries, I beg to say that they are most satisfactory. I consider them the best in use, and without doubt the most economical of all boilers ; they will burn the refuse of other tubular boilers I have in work." PRICE LISTS of HOT-WATER PIPES and CONNEC- TIONS, with Boilers, of all sizes and shapes; or ESTIMATES for HOT-WATER APPARATUS, erected complete, will be sent on application. J. JONES AND SONS, Iron Merchants, 6, Bankside, South- wark, London, S.E. When ordering Boilers please refer to the above advertisement. THE Salisbury Combination Secretaires, FOLEY'S PATENT. No. 2D. 6 ft. 9 in. by 3 ft. 3 in. THE SALISBURY COMBINATION SECRETAIRES are adapted to all purposes and classes of society. Combine the uses of Bookcases, Bureaus, China Cabinets, Cellaret, Sideboards, Escritoires, Secretaires, &c. Every part is utilised, the floor space is the same, whether open or closed. These Secretaires are elegant and original in design and con- struction, and destined to become the Cabinet of the age. Lisf of Prices and Illustrations of other Combinations can be obtained of the Patentee and Manufacturer. ARTHUR FOLEY, FISHERTON MACHINE CABINET WORKS, SALISBURY. Legion of Honour (Paris ExUibltlon) : Gold Medal. W. H. LASCELLES, HORTICULTUR,\L BUILDER, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. Patent Bent Wood Curved GreenliouBes and Conservatories. ILLUSTRATED SHEETS sent post-free, aud Estimates given for all kinds of Horticulttiral Work, without charge. Glasshouses. BW. WARHURST(lateHereman&Morton) • will give Prices for all kinds of HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS IN WOOD on receipt of particulars. Price Lists free. A Pamphlet for three stamps. B. W. WARHURST, 43, Highgate Road, London, N.W. MAIN'S GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. REDUCED PRICES. COMPARE PRICES and ftUALIXY. Price Lists Free. PEA AND SEED PROTECTORS. Diamond Mesh. 8s. per doz. Including Two Ends. 3 feet long, 6 inches wide, 6 inches high. A. & J. MAIN & CO., io8, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.G., And at Glasijow. Edinburgh, and London. FRIGI.DOMO. FRIGIDOMO. Registered. Registered. MADE FROM PREPARED HAIR AND WOOL. A perfect Non-conductor of Heat, keeping, wherever it is applied^ an even temperature. Patronised by Her Majesty the Queen, for Windsor Castle and Frogmore Gardens; the Duke op NoRTHUMriERLANO ; Duke OF Devonshire ; the late Sir J. Paxton, for the Crystal Palace ; late Dr. Lindlhy, for the Horticultural Gardens, &c. Mr. J. WiLLARD, Gardener to the Baroness Burdett Coutts, ivrites : — " With respect to the ' Frigi Domo,* I consider it one of the best covering materials we have. It is light and warm, and not injured by wet to the extent of most other covering materials — in fact 1 have a roll at the present time which has been in use three winters. I find it especially useful in low heated structures, as it is readily put on, and proves a great saving in the way of artificial heat. For this purpose, in my opinion, it is preferable to mats, and will last more than twice as long." — Hclly Lodge Garden, December i6, 1878. Introdj4ced by the late Elisha T. Archer, more than Twenty Years ago. Cut in any Lengths required. To be had of all Nurserymen and Florists. For price list*, particulars Address* BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. IMPROVED ESPALIER FENCING AND WALL TRAINERS. Estimates given free of charge for Esp.Tlier Trainers for Fruit Trees, &c. The Espalier can be easily fixed, wood or stone blocks being unnecessary. In writing for Estimates please give exact lengths required, with a rough sketch showing angles, if any. FITTINGS for WIRING FRUIT WALLS.-Having a large stock, orders can be executed on receipt at reduced prices. Carriage Paid on Orders of 40^-. value. Illustrated Lists, with full particulars, free on applicition. WROUGHT IRON GARDEN ARCHES. No. 1. No. 3. No. I.— This Arch is very strong, and suitable for training Creepers of any kind. Wrought Iron Frame, covered with stout galvanised Wire Netting. 7 feet high, 4 feet span, 3 feet wide, frame painted green, 15s. each. No. 3.-7 feet high, 4 feet span, i foot 6 inches wide, painted green, i6,r. td. each. 07'dcrs executed on receipt. Carriage Paid when Orders amount to dps. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. 384 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 22, 1879. BOU LTO N cS; PAU L, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. WALL FRUIT TREE PROTECTORS. Our Protectors for Wall Fruit Trees are supported on iron brackets, secured to the wall by bolis. The lights slide in grooves formed in the biackets, and are held firmly in position by a clamp ; the lights are of a uniform length of 6 feet each, by 2 feet and 2 feet 6 inches projection when in position. The lights can be removed in a few minutes from a long length when desired, as no bolts or screws are used to secure ihem. This is often a great advantage during a shower, as the rain saves syringing, which at the best cannot be done so well or efficiently by artificial means. Our prices include the lights, which are 2 inches thick and made of selected red deal, glazed with 21-oz. English sheet glass, also brackets, bolts. &c., for fixing, all painted three times of best oil-colour, and also rods and hooks for scrim canvas or tiffany for protecting the trees from frost (but does not include the screens). Any Length supplied at a Day's Notice. Length 30 feet, width 2 feet. £4 2s. 6d. Length 60 feet, width 2 feet, £8. Length 30 feet, width 2 feet 6 inches, £4 133. Length 60 feet, width 2 feet 6 inches, £9 13s. For prices of other lengths see new List, now ready. Our Improved Wall Coping is made to project the width stated. The goods are all carriage-paid to any railway station in England, also to Dublin and Belfast, on orders amounting to 40J. and upwards. When ordering give the thickness of the wail where the Brackets are to be fixed. Packing Cases are charged, arid half-price allowed for if they are returned in good order, carriage-paid, to our Works, within fourteen days of delivery of the goods Kindly give reference with first order. PHEASANTRY WIREWORKS. Gardens and Conservatories fitted up with Wirework, &c. Flower Stands. Hanging Baskets. Trellis Wirework. Balloon Trainers, Aviaries, &g. Slate Boxes, Tde Boxes, &c. See Illustrated CATALOGUE, R. HOLLIDAY, HORTICULTURAL IRON and WIRE WORKS. "The Pheasantry." Beaufort Street, Chelsea, London, S.W, Garden Arches. Roserigs. Screens, Summer Houses. Gaiden Fencing. Strained Wire Fencing. Pheasantries, &c. J- y ^1^ Ei\ '^:^:.£^ BAYLISS, JONES & BAYLISS, Patentees and Manufacturers of Wrought Iron CONTINUOUS BAR FENCING, Iron Hurdles, Strained Wire Fencing, Field and Entrance Gates, Tree Guards, &:c., VICTORIA WORKS, WOLVERHAMPTON, and 3, Crooked Lane, King William Street, London, E.G. Catahgues free on application. Under the Patronage of the Queen. SMITH'S IMPERISHABLE STRATFORD LABELS. J. The above Labels are made of a White Metal, with raised BLACK-FACED LETTERS. The Gardeners' Magazine says: — "We must give these the palm before all other plant labels, as the very first in merit." Samoles and Price Lists free. J. SMITH, The Royal Label Factory, Stratford-on-Avon. r) ALPH WALLER and CO., 45, Dale Street, V Manchester, Manufacturer of all kinds of GARDEN NETTING, &c., lor protecinig Fruit Trees from Frost ; also IIOTHOUSE SHADINGS of various thicknesses, supe- rior ro any other yet discovered for Lightness, Strength, and Durability, standing, as they do, all weathers. 'IIFFANY of various kinds always on hand. Netting and Shading in pieces 30 yards long, by ij.: yard wide. Tiffany in pieces ao ^ards long^, 38 inch-s wide. Also Tiffany mineralised. NETTING, No i, 411'. per square yard; No. 2, -iVzd. ; No, i^^Vzd. HOTHOUSE SHADINGS. FINE NETTING, 5"'- per square yard ; No. 6a, 8(^. ; No. 6. (jd. ; No. 6, improved. f^%d. TIFFANY, No. i. 3^. dd. per piece, Mineralised, ^s. \ No, 2, 45. td. per piece, ^Hneralised, 5.1. Samples on application. BI PPINGILLE'S PROPAGATING PLANT FRAME, HEATED BY PATENT STOVE, The simplest and best ever introduced for Raising Seeds, Striking Cuttings, &c. BOULTON & PAUU NORWICH. NEW PORTABLE LEAN-TO POULTRY HOUSE. The Gardeners Magazine says : — " A most valuable invention." (Copy of Testimonial.) " Vardley, near Birmingham, May 23, 1878. " Drar Sir. — I am much pleased with the new Propagating Plant Frame which you supplied two or three months ago, heated by Rippingille's Patent Stove. The frame does its work in the most perfect minner, and at a very trifling cost tor oil. I have used it with gieat advantage in raising plants from sseds, and in propagating trees from cuttings, and 1 think the apparatus just the thing for amateur gardeners wIid do not happen to possess luxurious and costly forcing houses. *■ Yours obediently. "GEORGE LINDSEY." Sent packed free and carriage paid to any railway station in England. Write for Price List and particulars to — THE ALBION L A MP C O M P A N Y, 118. HOLBORN, LONDON, E.G., And say where you saw this advertisement. ^$:^iS^; The Night House is made of wood, painted green outside and lime-whited inside, with run underneath for shade and shelter ; new O.G. -shaped galvanised roof, which is very orna- mental, and affords good ventilation ; fitted with shifting perches, sliding window, large door and lock for attendant, small door for fowls, and hen ladder, no nest boxes. Strong galvanised Wire Run, with corrugated iron roof, door, and lock, and all necessary bolts and nuts complete. Prices— Carriage paid to any raihvay station in England: ist size. No 7, with run complete, 12 feet long, 4 feet wide .. .. .. .. £j 5 a 2d size. No. 8, with run complete, 12 feet long, 5 feet wide .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 10 0 3d size, No. 9, with run complete, 16 feet long, 6 feet wide . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 o o From Edward Charles Walton, Esq., Newnham Farm, Ryde. " Dear Sirs, — I am glad to have the opportunity of saying how thoroughly well satisfied I have been with the Poultry House. No. 7, I purchased from you. It is most commodious, well made, and highly suited for the successful rearing of poultry." New Illustrated CATALOGUE of POULTRY FENCING, POULTRY HOUSES, COOPS, DOG HOUSES, &c, free on application. To avoid delay, cash or reference from new Customers is respectfully re'-iuested. BOULTON AND PAUL, NORWICH. TIFFANY ^M ELASTIC NETTING (REGISTERED), — It is now twenty-five years since we introduced the article we called " SHAW'S Tl FFANY " for honicultural shading and protecting, and up to the present all imitations have fallen short of the beauty, texture, and utility o( the article. Our Immense sale enables us at alt times to put it on the market at a lower price than any other house. Tiffany and Elastic Netting (REGISTERED), with Caovas and all other Shading and Protecting Materials, manufactured and sold by JOHN SHAW AND CO.. 29, Oxford Street. Manchester. Samples and prices on application. The Thames Bank Iron Company OLD BARGE WLIARF, UPPER GROUND STREET, LONDOIS], S.B. Have the largest and most complete stock in the Trade ; upwards of ^20,000 worth to choose from. HOT-WATER BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS, And all CASTINGS for HORTICULTURAL PURPOSES. Their New Illustrated Catalogue^ ^th Edition^ now ready {price Sixpence). Hot-water Apparatus erected complete, or the Materials supplied at Wholesale Price?. TWO HIGHEST A V^ A R D S PARIS, 1878, SILVER MEDAL. PHILADELPHIA, 1876, PRIZE MEDAL. The Jnry Reports are not vet published. JuHV Report :— ' Excellence in diagonal weaving of a low-priced fabric. FOR GALVANISED AVIRE NETTING Httve been awarded lo the Inventors and Original Manufaclurers of Maeliine-made Wire Xetting. BARNARD, BISHOP k BARNARDS, Norfolk Ironworks, NORWICH, And 91, 93, and 95, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. Prices per Lineal Yard, 2 feet wide Size of Mesh. Mostly used for. Rabbits & Hares Rabbits, &1, Small Rabbits ..,. Pheasantries Gauge. Light. Gauge. iMedium Gauge. Strong. Inch. 2 ■ 58 I 19 19 19 d. 18 18 18 i3 d. 9 17 J7 ■7 J7 I. d. 0 4ji 0 6 1 0 March 22, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 3S5 HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL IRON WORKS, STAFFORDSHIRE ; 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.G.; and 180, BUCHANAN STREET, GLASGOW. GALVANISED FITTINGS FOR Wiring Garden Walls£ Training Fruit Trees. Admitlcd by every practical garderer to be an immense im- provenieiit upon the old system of nails and shreds, no damage being done to the wall, and the tying being effected in a much better manner and in a quarter of the lime ; all the fitlings are galvanised, thus making them imperishab'e. PRICES. s. d. GALVANISED EYES for Guiding the Wires upon the Walls .. GALVANISED TERMINAL HOLD- FASTS ; two required for each line of wire GALVANISED RAIDISSEURS, for Straining the Wires WINDING KEY for same EYE BOLTS, to use instead of Raidii- seurs Best No. 14 GALVANISED WIRE o 4 per dozen. 4 each. o per d 3zen. o per 100 yards. A Crop of Fruit in Spite of Frost. J^gSS^Ssj PAKHAM'S PATENT GLASS COPING Many miles are in use. Testimonials and Prospectus free. Price, with 2i-oz. glass and painted iron framing, 2 feet wide •zs. 6d. : 3 feet wide, 3^. gd. per foot run. Orders nmounting to ^3 carriage paid. WM. PARHAM, Norihgate Works, Uath. and 2S0, Oxford Street, London, W. Specimens on view at either address. RICHARDSON'S GLASS WALL-TREE PROTECTOR Carriage foiiid upon all Orders of ^os. and upwards. CHEAPEST EVER SUPPLIED. (Guaranteed best quality. 2 feet wide, Is. lOd. per foot run. 3 feet wide, 23. 6d. per foot run. Carriage paid /or orders o"rer £<^. Send /or particiilars to W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers, DARLINGTON. HIGHEST AWARD, GOLD MEDAL TO ^J. J. THOMAS & CO. Paris Exhibition, 1878, For Wire applied to Horticultural Purposes. PEA AND SEED GUARDS. GREAT SUCCESS. REDUCED PRICES. SEASON 1879. Superior Quality, Galvanised after made. NEW IWTTERN WITH DI'\GON \L ST \YS. No, 76. 3 feet long 6 inches wide 6 inchei, high Price 7s. 6d. por dozen. The above are strongly recommended, being much smalU the iricsh than the ordinary diamond paUern. and proof agtii.st the smallest birds. Order:; executed on receipt. Ilhistraled and Priced Catalogues of Horticultural Wirtwark and Fitting^i fur Wiring Walls on .-application Ten per Cent, discount allowed for cash with order. Special quotations /or iar^^e qit.indtics, J. J. THOMAS & CO., Paddington Iron and Wirework-", 285 and 362, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W. P.O. Orders to be made payable at 310, Edgware Road. ETTING for FRUIT TREES, SEED BEDS, RIPE STRAWBERRIES. &c. TANNED NETTING for protecting the above from Frost, Blight. Birds, &c., 2 yards wide, 31/. per yard, or loayards 20^.; 4 yards wide. td. per yard, or 50 yards joj. NEW TANNED NETTING, suited foranyoftheabovepur- pcici, or as a Fence for Fowls, 2 yards wide, 6d, per yard ; 4 yards wide, \s. peryard ; ;^i-inch mesh, 4 yards wide, u. 6/ per yard. TI FFANY, 65. (id. and 7.?. 6i/, per piece of 20 yards. EATON AND DELLER, 6&7, Crooked Lane, London Bridge. T. H. P. DENNIS & CO., MANSION HOUSE BUILDINGS, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.G., CONSERVATORY AND GREENHOUSE BUILDERS, AND HOT-WATBE ENGINEEBS. S. OWENS & CO., HYDRAULIC ENGINEERS, WHITEFRIARS STREET, LONDON, E.C. THE IMPROViiD SELF-ACTING HYOaAULIC RAM. This useful Self-acting Apparatus, which works day and night without needing attention, will raise water to any height or distance, without cost for labour or motive-power, where a few feet fall can be obtained, and is suited for supplying Public or Private Establishments, Farm Buildings, Railway Stations, &c. D1;EI> WiCI.I, PUMPS for Horse, Hand, Steam, or other Power. PORTABLE IRRIGATORS, with Double or Treble Barrels for Horse or Steam Power. (Gardens. &c. No. 46,1. IMPROVED DOUBLE ACTION PUMPS on BARROW for Watering •Jo. 49a. G.\LVAMISED SWING W.\TER CARRIERS, for Garden use. •io. 5oand54,z. FARM and MANSION FIRE ENGINES of every description. )> M M 2 2 0 10 ,, ,, a Lady or a Boy 3 3 0 12 „ .. „ .. 4 4 0 14-iEch, Suitable for a Man £5 5 0 16 ., ,, ,, on Level Lawns 6 6 0 18 ,, ,, ,, and Boy 7 7 0 20 ,, „ „ „ 8 0 0 Grass Boxes for Collecting the Cut Grass, t^s. extra. DELIVERED CARRIAGE FREE AT ANY RAILWAY STATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. NO CHARGE FOR PACKING CASES, which are imst convenient for storing the Machine during Winter. EVERY MOWER IS WARRANTED TO GIVE AMPLE SATISFACTION, And if not approved of may be returned within a Month, and the amount paid be refunded. Before purchasing a Lawn Mower send for Catalogue, containing Opinions of the Press and Testimonials front Gentlemtn of high position in the Horticultural World, Noblemen, Clergymen, and others. WILLIAMS & CO. (Limited), JVIanufacturers and Patentees. Selling iJOHN G. ROLLINS k CO., Old Swan Wharf, Upper Thamas Street, London, E.C, ) Selling Agents ) WALTER CARSON k SONS, La Belle Sauvaga Yard, Ludgite Hill, E.C. ; and 21, Bachelor's Walk, Dublin. ) Agents Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business letters to " Tne Publisher." at the OlBce, 41, Wellm^ton Street, Covent Garden. London, W.C. Printed by Willvam Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnkw, & Co.. Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, Citv of London, in the County of Middlesex, and Pubhshed by tlw said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Weilinfftoa Street, Parish of Sl Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— S\rURi»\v. Mirch 22, 1879. Agent for Manchester— John HKywooD. Agents for Scotland —Messrs. [. Mbszibs & Co., Edinburgh and Gbsgow. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE dBslabUsbcb 1841. A WEEKLY ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS. No. 274— Vol. XI. {sp^r.es.} SATURDAY, MARCH 29, 1879. \ Registered at the General j Price 5d. Post Office as a Newspaper. \ PoST FREE, 5^^. CONTENTS. Acacia platypteri Arisacma nepenthoides . . Bees and fruit blossoms. . Boiler, what shall we use Books, notices of Botanical certificates Broccoli, hardiness of . . Bulbous plants, new and rare Camellia rosaeBora , . Camellias. American Cattle f>oisjning . . ,. Chionodoxa Comparettia macroplec- tron Cymbidium Lowianum (with cut) Cypripedium vernixium Davallia Mooreana Eranthemums, specmen Eucalyptus, as a fever- destroying tree Florists' flowers .. Flowers for evening wear Flowers, hardy . . Forage grass, a new Frosts, severe Fruit prospects, our Fruit trees, protection of Fuel, cost of, during win- ter in nurseries .. Fumigating machines .. Fungus blights, how to deal with Garden operations Inverary, weath«;r at 406 j International Exhibition, 407 ' the 4c8 ■ Lxlia harpophylla 4i8 j Liriodendron lulipifera . . 402 ' Lowther Castle, notes 404 ' from 409 Mentha Pulegium gibral- tarica 397 Mortality .. 406 Obiiuary .. 406 I Odontoglossum cirrhosum 404 j Orchids at Brougham 404 Hall I Orchids in bloom 398 ' Palm, New Comoro I Peaches, setting . . 405 PnatxDopsis aiitennifera 398 Plants, new garden 406 ' Polyanthus, the .. 409 Potato measures . . I Rose forcingand sunshine 404 ' Snowfljke-i. a chapter on 401 (with cut) 406 Societies ; — 408 Royal Botanic - . 407 Royal Horticultural .. 3q8 Spruces, the American .. 404 Stakes, preserving 408 ' Strawberry prospects . . Succulents, hardiness of 407 Sydney Botanic Gardens 407 (with cut) Tropseolum. double 400 Veronicas, shrubby 402 Violets in pots 408 , Weather, the 410 407 409 409 398 412 406 409 407 406 408 398 398 40 ( 405 411 4(0 409 409 408 409 400 408 408 406 4it IMPOR TA iV T NO TICE . — Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as ait Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Now Ready, In cloth, 16s., THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE A VOLUME for JULY to DECE.MBER, 1878. W. RICHARDS, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. HE INTERNATIONAL POTATO EXHIBITION will be held at the CRYSTAL PALACE, SYDENHAM, on September 17 and 18. Schedules and all particulars may be obtamed on application to J. A. McKENZlE, Tower Chambers. Moorgate Street, E.G. OYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICUL- TURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER. The GRAND NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHI- BITION ol 1879 will be opened by the President of the Society, the Right Hon. the Earl of Derby, on MAY 33. ONE THOUSAND POUNDS in PRIZES. Schedules may be had from the undersigned. BRUCE FINDLAY, Curator and Secretary. Royal Botanic Gardens. Manchester, URTON-ON-TRENT FLORAL Md HORTICULTURALSOC.ETY. -The FIRST EXHI- BITION of the SEASON of PLANTS, FLOWERS, FRUITS and VEGETABLES, will be held in the Hay, Burton-on-Trent. on WEDNESDAY, June 25 1870. TWENTY POUNDS. TEN POUNDS, FIVE POUNDS for the best Twelve STOVE or GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c. Schedules of Prizes, and any information may be obtained from the Secretary, to whom nurserymen and others wishing to become subscribers should apply. R. B. BARRATT, Sec. Abbey Cottage, Horninglow Street, Burton-on-Trent, LAY CROSS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Twenty-sccmd Annual E:(hibition, AUGUST 12. 1879. Prizes THREE HUNDRED and FIFTY POUNDS. rTwenty Plants. ;C25. j£ao, ;^i5. j^io. and C^ Other Prizes in Iproportion. Schedules will be ready March 29. J. STOLLARD, Secretary, Clay Cross, near Chesterfield. THUJOPSIS BOREALIS, fol. var.— One of the best and finest hardy Conifers, fine strong plants, ■about 3 feet high, 6^. each, 48^. per dozen. Apply to ! JEAN N. VERSCHAFFELT, The Nurseries, Ghent, Belgium. 13 E G O N I A S (Gold Medal Collection), r*—' Seedlings, flowering tubers, ts. and gi-. per dozen, post- free. Des'-riptive Priced LIST of our unrivalled Collection Free on application. ' JOHN LAING AND CO.. Forest Hill. S.E. Hollyhocks. OLLYHOCKS. — Lists of varieties and price on application. L. WOODTHORPE, Glazenwood Nursery. Braintree. SPECIAL TRADE OFFER for ca-sh. BEANS, finest Broad Windsor, 8s. bd. per bushel ; Early LoDgpods. 6j. per bushel ; Scarlet Runner, fine English, 301. per JusheL MANGEL. Yellow Globe, all new and good, joi. per :wt. CABBAGE PLANTS, fine Drumhead and Thousand- read, at 4s. per looo; splendid Reds at 51. Sacks, Bags, and nher packages charged cost price. CATALOGUES of other Jeeds, Plants, Roots, &c., on application to j^REDK. GEE, Seed and Plant Grower, Biggleswade, Beds. H Five /BARTER'S, the PREMIER SEED Gold V^ HOUSE at the PARIS EXHIBITION. Medals, Illustrated Catalogues gratis and post-free. Awarded Paris, Five GOLD MEDALS, including the only Gold 1878. Medal for Grass Seeds. Caution. — No other English Seed House was awarded five Medals at the Paris Exhibition, and the Legion of Honour has not been awarded for Grass Seeds or English Seeds. CARTERS, The Queen's Seedsmen, High Holbom, London, W.C. Garden Seeds. CHARLES TURNER'S Descriptive CATALOGUE of the above is now ready, containing several interesting and valuable novelties. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. Now Ready. EWING AND COMPANY'S LIST of New Roses for 1879 is a most select one of the best New English and French varieties. Gratis and post-frea to applicants. EWING AND CO., Eaton, near Norwich. To the Trade. ROSES, fine Standard, leading varieties. Special prices on application to JAMES DICKSON and SONS. Newton Nurseries Chester. The Duchess of Connaught. ANEW R 9 S E . Notwithstanding Shakespeare's dictum, " A Rose by any other name would smell as sweet," no Rose of recent introduction does smell as sweet as my new Rose, Duchess of Connaught. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. Seeds of Superior Quality. WM. C U T B U S H AND SON beg to announce that their Illustrated CATALOGUE of Select Vegetable and Flower Seeds, &c., is now ready, and will be forwarded post-free on application. Hiqhgate Nurseries, London, N., and Barnet, Herts. ERANIUM, Vesuvius, the best bedder, Strong plants from Stores, qs. per 100. CALCEOLARIA, Golden Gem strong autumn struck, dean and good, 5.^. per 100, 4&y. per 1000. VERBENA, Purple King, the only really good bedder, 51. per 100, 50J. per 1000. LOBELIA, Bluestone, strong, 4^. per ico. Package fiee for cash. WILLIAM FIELD, tarvin Road Nursery, Chester. Pelargoniums. PELARGONIUS.— Strong healthy plants, in single pots, fit for immediate shifting, consisting of Show, French, and Fancy varieties, 351, per 100, packing included. Cash with order. HOLDER AND SON, Crown Nurseries, Reading. ELARGONIUM VOLUNTE NATIONAL. —The most beautiful large-flowered Geranium ever introduced. Good Plants, 3^. td. each ; free by po*;t, i,s. g-f. FREDERICK PERKINS, Nurseryman, Regent Street, Leamington. To the Trade. THOMAS METHVEN and SONS have a large and fine Stock of strong transplanted SCOTCH FIR and PINUS LARICIO, and will be happy to send special quotations on application. Leith Walk Nurseries, Edinburgh. TOSEPH BAUMANN, Nur.seryman, tJ Ghent, Belgium, begs to offer 100 beautiful large Sweet BAYS, Pyramids and Standard.s. PPLE TREES ^^^itii MISTLETO growing on them. Price from js. (h/. to 21s. each. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen, Worcester. Vines -Vines— Vines. J COWAN, The Vineyard, Garston, near • Liverpool, is now oflTering a large and splendid stock ol strong, short-jointed, and thoroughly ripened GRAPE VINES, suitable for fruiting in pots and planting Vineries. Catalogues free. The Trade supplied. UTTON'S MAGNUM BONU M POTATOS, loj. per cwt. Apply to W. W. PEARCE, Measham, Alherstone. YATT'S PROLIFIC ASHLEAF POTATO, 5J. for 56 lb. J. FARWELL. Seedsman, Wimborne. SPARAGUS, Giant, 2 and 3-yr. old.— Several thousand fine transplanted stuff: cannot fail to give satisfaction. Price per loo or io;o on application to S. BIDE, Alma Nursery, Farnham, Surrey. To tlie Trade. ASPARAGUS, Giant, i, 2, 3, and 4-year. JAMES BIRD. Nurseryman. Downham. WANTED, Large CALADIUM ROOTS for Cash, or in exchange for LILIES, ORCHIDS, &c. ' W. F. BOFF. 203, Upper Street, Islington, N. ANTED, THORNS, transplanted : say Price and Growth ; likewise strong SEEDLING THORNS and FOREST TREES ; also bedded ORNA- MENTAL TREES, in quantities. JOSEPH TREMBLE and SON, Penrith. s M Sutton's Seeds, &c. -Paris Exhibition. 1878. SPECIAL HONOUR for REMARKABLE MERIT, as see the following telegram from Times Special Corre-.pondent, which appeared in the Times of January ii, 1879 : — " Paris. Jan. 10. — The French Government has conferred the Legion of Honour on Mr. Martin J. Sutton, managing partriftr of the firm of Sutton & Sons, Reading, as a special recognition of the merits of the exhibits of that firm at the Paris Exhibi- tion, and the services thereby rendered to horticultuie and agriculture." Sutton*3 Seeds, &c. -Paris Exhiljltion, 1878. FIVE PRIZE MEDALS — GOLD and SILVER— were awarded to Sutton & Sons and their Paris Agent, for Sutton's Home Grown Seeds, &c. SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading, Berks. ____^ EDRUS DEODARA SEED, just arrived from India in splendid condition. Sample and Price on application to HENRY CLARKE and SONS, 39, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. BLACKTHORN for Covert Planting, one million of strong transplanted, 10s. to 15J. per 1000. THOM.AS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. Special Offer. WM. AND D. STEWART have still to offer quantities of fine transplanted LARCH, ASH, and SYCAMORE. Height and prices on application. Ferndown Nurseries, Wimborne, Dorset. COTCH FIR, LARCH, Seedling and Transplanted, for sale cheap. Ciuriage paid to London. LEVAVaSSEUR and son. Nurserymen, Ussy (Calvados), France. Cheap Oflfer. LARCH, 3 to 4 feet, 22s. 6^. per 1000. Carriage paid for cash with order. WILLIAM ABRAHAM, Nurseryman, Limerick. FOR SALE, at Liphook Station, about 8000 LARCH, fine specimens. Also STAKES, 5 to 7 feet long : can be sold by any quantity Apply to T. REDMAN, Shottermill, Petersftdd. Hants. TSAAC DAVIES' Sweet-scented RHODO- X DENDRONS will be in FULL BLOOM about the Second Week in April, the original Seedling Plants having from 150 to 300 flower-buds on each, and several hundreds of his young plants being covered with buds. Many other of his Novelties will also be in bloom about the same time. Inspection invited. Descriptive LIST on application. Brook Lane Nursery, Ormskirk, Lancashire. Rhododendrons. HLANE AND SON have a splendid lot of • the best sorts, well set with bloom, to offer at very moderate prices. CATALOGUE on application. The Nurseries, Great Berkhamsted, Herts. Fit for Immediate Workins. ROSAMANETTI and R. MULTIFLORA DE LA GRIFFERAIE, 25^- per looj. j^io per 10.000. A. M. C. JONGKINDT CONlNCR, Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, near Zwolle, Netherlands. Dahlia Pot Roots. RAWLINGS BROTHERS, Romford, beg to offer a great variety. All over i-yr. old, 6^. per dozen. Mixtures, las. per 100. n[^REE FERNS.— For Sale several nice JL healthy specimens Apply by po^t to GARDENER, Me.srs. T. Starkey & Co., Crown Court, Old Broad Street. E.G. O GARDENERS an ih^ trade, SAMUEL HARTLEY, Headingley Nursery, near Leeds. ILIUM AURATUM, fine healthy roots, 6s. per dozen ; a size smaller, for ^\4 inch pols or bed- ding. 11. per dozen. LILIUM THUNBERGl ANUM STaMINOSUM, 3s. and 6j. per dozen. Double TUBE- ROSES, IS. Gd. per dozen. For cash. W. F. BOFF, 203. Upper Street. Islington. N. To the Trade ROLLISSON'S TELEGRAPH CUCUMBER (true). J GEO. HILL has a quantity of above, true • stock, and offers it at a low rate considering the quality. AlsoGOLDEN PERFECTION MELON— noother varieties grown. Price on application to J. GEO. HILL (late Scott), The Royal Seed Stores, Veovil. Gentlemen's Gardeners, Amateurs, and Others REQUIRING ARDEN POTS of best quality, are requested to send their orders to J. MATTHEWS, Royal Pottery. Weston-super-Mare. Price List on application. G 390 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 29, 1879. SALES BY AUCTION. M^ Important Sale of a Firstclass CoUectiou of CARNATIONS and PICOTEES of fine growth, the superfluous Stock of a celebrated grower : a superb assort- ment of 400 handsome Standard and Dwarf ROSFIS ; selected FRUIT TREES, hardy CONIFEH/E SHRUB^ and AMERICAN PLANTS ; choice Double CAM E LLI AS. AZALEAS, and other GREENHOUSE J^LANTS. SEEDS. DAHLIAS, &c. "ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS all SELL by AUCTION the above, at the City Auction Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.G., on THURSDAY, April 3. at 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 98, Gracechurch Street, E.G. ; and Leytonsione. E. Cymbidlum ebumeum. Best Variety. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. on MONDAY, March 31, ^^■"'■ TOO good strong established plants of this charmingly beautiful ORCHID. As is well known there are two or three varieties of this Orchid, but these plants are all of the most handsome kind ; see plant in blossom. • On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues haj. Lselia anceps alba. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Room'^, 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C . on MONDAY. March 31. at half-past 12 o'C ock precisely, some good established plants of the new and beautiful white-flowered La;lia, L^LTA ANCEPS ALBA. The Gardeners Chronicle, at p. 756. remarks of this new I.3;'ia :—'* Its peculiar charactenstic is the purity of iis white flowers, which equal those of a Phalainopsis, and whose texture may be compared to that of Lapageria alba ; it must be seen to be appreciated, there is something so captivating in iis dazzling whiteness." On view morning of Sale, and Cc;talogues had. Ipsea speciosa. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rncms, 38, Kins S reet, Covent Garden, W.C. on MONDAY, March 31. about 40 good plants of the above. 'Ihis pretty terrestrial ORCHID was exhibited in blossom at the exhibition on March 11 of the R&yal Horticultural Society, aiid was awarded a First- cUss Certificate. 1 he plants offered have been introduced from Ceylon. It gives large bright yellow Dcndrobium-like Ilowers, and is handsome and attractive. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. M^ 3000 Odontoglossum Alexandrae. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, without the least reheive, at liis Great Ro..ms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C , on MONDAY, April 7. at half-past i2 o'Cioclt precisely, a magnificent con- signment of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR/li, in lots tj buit the Trade and Private Buyers. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. To Nurserymen, Gardeners, and Others. TO BE SOLD 1! Y AUCTION, en TUESDAY, April r, at 12 o Clock, at the liroke's' Salesroom, i. Old H.all Street. Liverpool, Ten Bales CUBA BAS r, ex " Enrique," from Havana. For particulars and s.amples apply to Messrs. BERN.\Rp H.^LL AND CO.. Merchants, ic, Co..k Street, or 10 -N. WAl'ERHOUSK. ANir SONS, Brokers. Livrrnonl. B To M'^A nd Maiket Hillingdon, M xt-i- ti Vanda Parishi, Vanda ccerulea, Cymbidium LOWIANUM, AND OTHER CHOICE OUCHIDS MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on MONDAY. March 31. by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co , imported ORCHIDS from Burniah, consisting of fine plants, in ihe best possible condition, of the rare and lovely Vanda Parishi, Vanda ccerulea, very fine plants ; Vanda cccrulescens, V. Bensoni, Aerides crassifoMum, Dendro- blum lituiflorum, D. alba sanguinea, D. tortile, best variety ; D. l3alhousianum, D. primulinum giganteiim. D. crystalUnum, D. ebumeum, D. Devonianum, D. furmosum giganleum. D. Fytchianum. Saccolabium giganteum, &c. At the same time will be offered sixteen strong established plants of CVM- BIDIUM LOWIANUM. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Bulbophyllum Beccarii J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Mr. William Lull, of Chelsea, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on MONDAY. March 31, at half-past 12 '-t'Clock precisely, some good plants of the above very eictraor dinar y NEW ORCHID, introduced from Borneo, unquestionably one of the most remarkable plants of recent introduction. A description of it, from the pen of Professor Reichenbach. appeared in the Gardeneri* Chro7iicie, January ri, 1879. It has grand broadly ovate leaves something like 18 inches long by 12 niches broad, and as " thick as a board." The flowers are very remarkable, handsome and_ highly attrac- tive, of a light brownish colour painted with violet, with rich violet-coloured labellum. On view motninej of Sale, and Catalogues had. Orchids and Lilies. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. on THURSDAY. April 3. an import- ation of ORCHIDS, just arrived ex R.M. s s. " Mondego" from Brazil, collected by Mr. Henry Blunt, including fine masses of Laelia purpurata and elegans, Cattleya Leopoldi and SchiUeriana, Oncidium curlumand phymalochilum, and various other choice ORCHIDS, in the best possible condiiion. A quantity of SPECIMEN ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from a well-known Collection in the Midland Counties ; 200 fine im- ported plants of Aerides japonicum, 5000 Lilium auratum, and 500 L. Krameri from Japan, 100 Araucaria excelsa, consign- ment from New Jersey of Dionsea muscipula, Sarracenia flava rubra, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. The Queen of Orchids. ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR^E. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Mr. B. S. Williams to SELL by AUCTION, without reserve, at his Great Rooms, ;i8, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C. on THURSDAY, April 3. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, several hundred Plants of this most lovely ORCHID. The plants are in the finest possible condition, just starting into growth, and having been imported for several weeks purchasers may rely upon the Bulbs being sound and good and not likely now to rot olL On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. First portion of the Magnificent Collection of Orchids at Edgeware. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from the Rev. J. B. Ncrman to ofter for SALE by AUCTION, without the least reserve, on TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, and THURSDAY, April 29 and 30, and May 1, at halt-pas,t 12 o'clock precisely each day, the first portion of this celebrated COLLECTION. Amongst other things will be found some of the finest CATTLEYAS in cultivation. As from ill-health Mr. Norman is entirely giving up collecting, every plant will be absolutely sold to the highest bidder. On view the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Auction Rooms and Offices, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Harllngtou and Cranford, Middlesex. About tj miles fiom Covent G.irden Market. MARKET GARDENERS, FRUIT GROWERS, and 01 HERS. MR. E. P. NEWMAN, will SELL by AUCTION, at the " Coach and Horses " Inn, Harhnj;- ton, near Hounslow. on WEDNESDAY, April 9. at 2 o Clock, the LEASE and INTEREST in 20 acres of thnvmg young FRUIT PLANTATION and 8 acres of open MARK.E1 GARDEN GROUND, the whole in good heart and condiiion The Lease has several vears to run, and is held at a low rental. Particulars can be obtained of R. H. HARRIS, Esq , 46 Finsbury Circus, E.C. ; and of the Auctioneer Garden Valuer, High Street, Uxbridge, and Aliddlesex. E S SRS. CAPES, UUNN .\nd PILCHER, of Manchester, have the honour to announce that in pursu.ance of instructions from T. M. Shuttleworth. Esq., they will SELL by AUCTION, at Howick House, Preston, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, April 15 and 16, without the sliehtest reserve, punctually at I2 o'clock each day. the unique and valuable COLLECTION of STOVE and GREEN- HOUSE SPECIMEN EXhllBITU.)N PLANTS, corapns- ing fine-foliagcd plants, Azaleas. Gleicht mas. Tree and other Ferns (British and Exotic), Orchids, Ericas, Croions P.ilnis, and Cycads, embracing many noble and malchless specimens. Also three Exhibliion Vans, in perfect condition. Catalogues may be njw had from the Auctioneers. The Plants will be on vie^ on Wednesday and Thursday. April 9 and 10, between the hours of 10 A.M. and 6 I'.M , by card cnly, obtainable from the Auctioneers or from Mr. Shuille- worth- Refreshment tent on the ground e.ach day.^ Stable accommodation at the Fleece Inn. within five minutes' walk of Howick House. Omnibuses each morning and evening to and from the fc'ale, starting from W. Harding & Co.'s Yaid, Fisher- gate, Pre-ton, facing the Railway Station. The Public will be admitted to the Grounds and Gardens on the days of Sale at 9 A.M. by the Farm entrance, beyond the Mr. Shutllesvorth will be hapoy to recommend H. THORN- BER, his HEAD GARDENER, to .any Gentleman requiring a first-class Stove and Greenhouse Plantsman. WANTED, a HOUSE, Unfurnished or Partially Furnished, on a short Term or Lease, with not less than nine Bedrooms, Conservatoiy, Hothouse, good Outhouses, and 4 to ro Acres of Land. Within about thirty minutes by rail from any City Terminus. Apply T. CHRISTY, 155, Fenchurch Street, London, E.C. rriO BE SOLD, a SMALL NURSERY, -L well Stocked, and in good working order. Good neigh- bourhood for Jobbing. With immediate possession. Apply to C. FAIRNINGTON, 16, Maida Vale, Edgware Road, London, N.W. T ATH and WEST of ENGLAND SOCIETY (Established 1777) and SOUTHERN COUNTIES ASSOCIATION. EXETER MEETING, JUNE 2. 4, 5 and 6. ENTRIES of LIVE STOCK, IMPLEMENTS, &c.. CLOSE APRIL 16. after which date no Fees or Entiies can be received. POULTRY ENTRIES CLOSE MAY r. Forms and all information supplitd on application to JOSIAH GOODWIN, Sec. 4. Tenace Walk, Bath. H. To tlie Trade. SEED p o r A T o s. AND F. SHARPE have still in stock most of the best varieties of SEED POTATOS, and are prepared to take reduced prices to clear out. Special oefers on application. ,,, ^ , Seed Growing Establishment. VVisbeach. To Florists and the Trade. C1AMELLIAS, Double White, and Red do.; ' IILY OF THE VALLEY, SPIRA:a JAPONICA, ROSES, White AZALEA. Scarlet GERANIUM, MAIDEN- HAIR FERN. Sec. Prices on application. C. WILSON, The Nurseries, Summerhow, Kendal, Koses, Roses, Tea Scented. Strong, on own riots, 2-yr. o'd, in 5^-inch pots. Wl^L KNIGHT, of The Floral Nurseries, Hailsham. Sussex, offers a most unique collection, either for immediate display in conservatory or open grouod. The plants are quite hardy, having only had the protection of a cold pit during the late severe winter. 151. per dozen, X.i per 100. Price to the Trade on application. M^;i Catbage Plants, Cabbage Plants. VIRGO, Wonersh Nurseries, can still supply RED PICKLING PLANTS at 71. W. pet 1000 for cash, all good strong healthy plants. Late Rose, ^os. per 9s per cwt. : Ruby. ^. ; Sutton's Magnum Bonum, r2». 6./. : White Emperor, 12J. W. ; Porter's Excelsior, lis. 6d. : Salmon Kidney. i2i. 6rf.. Sc. Laxton's Standard PEAS, 8r. per peck. Hardy's Pedigree Windsor BF AN, 12J. 6,/ per bushel. Terms cash. HY. MINCHIN. The Nurseries, Hook Norton, Oxoa. w. o for c QEEfTpOTATOS, &c.- O c«'t. ; Red-skinned Flourball, 9s To tte Trade. POTATOS.— Rivers' Royal Ashleaf Myatt's Prolific, cheap. Price on application. W. CROWDER, Thimbleby Nursery, Hotncaslle. and HE SCOTTISH SEED and NURSERY TRADE ASSOCIATION. In connection with what may be considered the primary object of the Association, viz , the prevention and exposure of attempts to vend Adulterated Seeds, it has been agreed to ofjer to SEEDSMEN'S and NURSERYMEN'S ASSISTANTS a PRIZE of FIVE POUNDS for an " Ess.ay on the Best Means of Discovering the Various Forms of Adulteration and Admix- tures in Clover Seeds, stating particulars of all Foreign Sub- stances found in any Questionable Samples ofTered for Sale* Competitors (or this Prize mu t lodge their Essays with DAVID HUNTER, Esq., S.S.C., Secretary of the Association,29,Dundas Street, Edinburgh, on or before NOVEMBER t NEXT, for adjudication of the Judges to be appointed by ihe Committee, It has been resolved to press upon the attention of Members and others the importance of Arbitration in all cases of dispute between Buyers and Sellers of Seeds and Plants, thus prevent- ing expensive and too olten vexatious as well as unsatisfactory litigation. For ihis purpose the services of the Committee are at the disposal of all disputants upon the payment of One Guinea to lizards the funds of the Association, besides all expenses incurred in connection with each case brought for- ward. All further information on this most impurlant arrange- ment may be had upon application to the Secretary. All desiring to join the Association may remit the Anmi; 1 Subscription of One Guinea to the Secretary. Edinburgh, March 26, DAVID SYME, Chairman. Borough of Wolverhampton. To LANDSCAPE GARDENERS. THE PARK and BATHS COMMITTEE of the Corporation of Wolverhampton invite DESIGNS fcr Laying-out the Interior of a proposed PUBLIC PARK, about 47 acres in extent, at an expenditure not exceeding ;£sooo. A Lithograph Plan and printed General Instructions and Conditions may be obtained from Mr. G. Eastlake Thorns, C.E., the Borough Engineer, at his Offices, Town Hall, on and after the 20th inst., on payment of One Guinea, which will be returned on receipt oibonajtde Design. The Committee oder Premiums of £s° ^"ti ^25 for the best and second best Designs respectively. No premiums will be paid unless the works can be carried out for the sum named — 5^5000. If the competitor obtaining such first-named premium is employed to carry out the work the premium shall merge in his commission, the rate of such commission to be hereafter agreed upon by the Committee. Designs, accompanied in each case by specification and detailed estimate, under Motto, must be left at the said Oftices not later than 12 noon, on SATURDAY, May 3. next, addressed to *' The Chairman of the Park and Baths Com- mittee." H. UNDERBILL, Town Clerk. Town Hall, Wolverhampton, March la. Season 1879. T7EGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS V of Superior Quality. Carriage Free. Priced Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing select Luts of these, also Potatos for planting. Hybrid Gladioli, and othtf Garden Requisites, is now published, and will be sent posl-firee on application. ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ROBINSON, Seed Merchants and Nurserymen, tg. Old MiUgate, Mancheslg To the Trade, SCARLET RUNNERS and CANADIAN WONDER BEANS. Hand F. SHARPE can ofter the above, of • English growth, and very fine samples, at modeiaJe Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech^ ORTH AMERICAN PLANTS- including Hardy Bulbs, Orchids, Ferns, and Hardy Herbaceous Perennials generally, also Climbers and SnuU Shrubs, from both sides of the continent, the Rjcky and otier Mountain langes, &c. Our new Descriptive CAlALOOUt, Wholesale and Retail, is now ready, and will be sent free Oy post. By far the largest collection in the country. Many tare species never before offered for sale, and some entirely rievif. _ WOOLSON AND CO,. Passaic. N,J,. United States. Aroeno. Hardy Florists' Flowers. THOMAS S. WARE'S SPRING CATA- LOGUE of the above for the present year is now ready, containing a good list of Novelties, and including selections ol choicest varieties of Carnations and Picotees, Chrys.anthemums, Delphiniums. Pansies, Phloxes, Pyrethrums, and other families. Free on application. .„ , t j Hale Farm Nurseries. Tottenham. London. STANDARD ROSES. — Clean, straight stems, with good heads and well rooted, of leading vane- ties only. List of sorts and prices on application to FREDERICK PERKINS, Nurseryman, Regent blreM. Leamington. . , Green^d^arlegated Ivies of Sorts. Large and small-leaved, in eight kinds. OBERT PARKER, having a surplus stocK of fine plants in pots of the above-named, w"' " pleased to dispose of them in quantities, at very low pricte. Names, sizes, and prices per dozen, too i R^ looo, will be given on application. . « c. iir Exotic Nursery, Tooting. Surrey, S.W. BEGONIAS.— Twelve grand in cul packet. rpUBEROUS -_, , X varieties, including double and semi-double, 301. alKl •"• twelve fine v.arieties 15s. ; mixed Hybrids, g!. P"^'J«^ Seedlings from carefully hybridised seed, from the best varielit in cultivation, 6s. per dozen ; mixed seeds. 11. and 2S. M. pt See special list of Begonias, post-free. All goods carriage-free for prepayment, T. H. HARE, Bulb and Fern Grower. Siltingboume. Aucuba japonica. FROMOW AND SONS beg to announc that they have laken Mr. Riddy's well-siockf Nursery, Hamworth Road, Hounslow. and can therefore on perhaps the finest stock of AUCUBAS in the trade, 8,"°^ J"?' stufi and beautifully rooted, at low prices for cash, delivereo if within 6 miles of Sutton Court Nursery, Turnbam Gr«en, London, W, w. March 29, 1S79.] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 391 Vines -Vines -Vines. BS. WILLIAMS begs to announce that • his stock of VINES is this year unusuiliy fine, and comprises all the leading kinds, inckiding " Alnwick Seedling." For descriptions and prices, see B. S. W.'s BULB CATA- LOGUE for this year. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N. MANGEL and SWEDE, Choice Stocks.— We can oflfer our thoroughly guaranteed Stocks, in 1878 harvest of above, at very low prices to the trade. SANDER AND CO . Seed Growers. St. Albans. Good Tliliigs JOHN MOGFORD, Exporter of CAPE BULBS, can supply the Trade with all the leading kinds, DISA GRANDIFLORA, &c. 10, Camp Street Gardens, Cape Town. Florists' Flowers. J FORBES' CATALOGUE for 1S79 • (50 pages) of all the newest and best Carnations, Picotees, Pinks, Geraniums, Fuchsias, Pansies. Phloxes, Pent- stemons. Antirrhinums, Begonias, Verbenas, &c., is now ready, and may be had free on application. The Nurseries, Hawick, N.B. Special Cheap Offer. To SEEDSMEN, MARKET GARDENERS, and OTHERS PEA, Jeyes' or Payne's Conqueror. About 20 quarters. Handpicked, 155. per bushel; 112J, per quarter. Samples on application to W. BALL AND CO., Bedford Road Nursery, Northampton FOREST TREES, Seedhng and Trans- planted. — The very extensive stock of the above is this season in splendid conduion. CATALOGUES on application. The Lawson Seed and Nursery Company (Limited) Edinburgh. Now Ready. CRANSTON AND CO.'S TRADE LIST of NEW ROSES for 1879. King's Acre Nurseries, near Hereford. Paul's Roses. WM. PAUL AND SON'S stock of ROSES is large, of excellent quality, and uninjured by frost. Standards, \$s. per dozen and upwards ; Dwarfs, gj. per dozen ; Climbers, dr. per dozen. Priced Desciipiive CATALOGUES free by post. Paul's Nurseries, Waliham Cross, N. LTERNANTHERAS of Sorts, from Stores, 8r. per 100, or 70J. per 1000. Orders now booked and executed in rotation. LIST of Carpet and other Bedding Plants free on application. Terms cash. WILLIAM MILES, West Brighton Nurseries, Cliftonville, Sussex. JULES DE COCK, Nurseryman, fJ Ghent, Belgium, offers AZALEA INDICA of all sizes, AZALEA MOLLIS, and A. PONTICA ; CAMELLIAS. DEUTZIA GRACILIS, DIELYTRA SPECTABILIS, SPIRjEA JAPONICA, PALMSforTableuse, DRACiliNAS, FERNS, and YUCCA VARIEGATA. CATALOGUES free on application. Mangel Seed. JOHN SHARPE is now prepared to make special low offers to the Trade of highly selected Stocks, 1878 growth, from exhibition Bulbs. Bardney Manor, Lincoln. R U I T I N G PLAN T~S of PEACHES. NECTARINES, APRICOTS, and GRAPE VINES, a large and fine stock, now offered for Sale. THOMAS RIVERS and SON, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. HE DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of FRUIT TREES is now ready, and will be forwarded, free by post, on receipt of three penny sumps. CATALOGUES of ROSES and ORCHARD-HOUSE TREES post-free on application, THOMAS RIVERS and SON, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA. — Transplanted, 6 to 12 inches, \is. per looo ; i to \% foot, 2o.r. per looo. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. Verbenas in Single Pots. WILLIAM BADMAN offers clean, healthy, Purple King. Crimson King, and Le Grand Boule de Neige (finest white), in single pots, 12^. per 100, Twelve choice Show kinds, in pots, ids. per 100. Packmg included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. Verbenas from Store Pots. WILLIAM BADMAN offers clean, healthy, well-rooted cuttings of Purple, White, Scarlet, Crimson, and Rose Verbenas, 6j. per 100 ; soj. per 1000. Twelve choice Show Varieties, %s. per 100. Package included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. Special Oflfer of Pelargoniums. WILLIAM BADMAN offers Mrs. Pollock, 15J. per 100; Vesuvius, 75. per 100, 6as. per 1000 ; Master Christine and Madame Vaucher, lox. per 100 ; Silver variegated May Queen and Crystal Palace Gem, 10^, per loo. Packing included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nursery, Gravesend. Pinus Laricio, nORSICAN PINE.— For prices of this ^--' valuable Pine, which is seldom eaten by rabbits— never if they can get any other food— apply to JAMES SMITH, Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. ASPARAGUS PLANTS, Giant, the best '™'j"?"?y "^in procure, all certain to grow, is. 6d. per 100. Ihis delicious vegetable does not require half the expense y^'S''!'"":""-=is. every pane of which is nailed in and bedded in putty — the best method of glazing known, and adopted by the most eminent Builders and leading Nurserymen (see the Garden for January 13, 1877, P- 3o)- Iron handles to each light, and an iron strengthening bar across. Each light is 6 feet by 4 feet, and 2 inches thick. CASH PRICES. £, s. d. i-Light Frame 4 feet by 6 feet 2 o o 2-Light ,, 8 ,, 6 ,, 3 7 6 3-Light , 12 „ 6 , 4 17 6 4-Lieht ,, 16 „ 6 ,, 676 5-Light ,, 20 ,, 6 , 7 17 6 6-Light , 24 .. 6 „ 9 7 9 No. 74. NEW THREE- aXJABTER SPAN- ROOF GARDEN FRAME. Our ilkistration shows a New Frame for Growing Cucumbers. Melons, &c., and for storing plants. It is made to give greater height and more convenience than the Melon Frame, No. 75. The front is 11 inches high, without the light, 32 inches high at the ridge, and 22 inches high at the back. The front lights can be turned back on the lights behind, and the back lights turned on to the front lights, giving access to all the plants. They are made of the best red deal, sides and ends i3^ inch thick, 2 inch lights; all are painted three times and glazed with 21-oz. sheet glass. CASH PRICES— Carriage paid. From front Gearing extra to 8 ft. Long. to back. size and upwards. Size. Feet. Feet. jC s. d. £ s. d. No. 1.. 4 6 3 o o — No. z.. 8 6 415 o 015 o No- 3.. 12 6 610 o I 2 o No. 4. .16 6 8 5 o I 10 o No, s..ao 6 iQ o o 116 o SPECIAL NOTICE. — Carriage paid to any railway station in England, also to Dublin, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, on order of 40s. and upwards. Breakage seldom occurs. Should any glass be broken we will send sufficient to repair it, carriage free. Packing Cases charged cost price, and half allowed when returned free to our Works. A^eta Illustrated Catalogue of Greenhouses^ Plant Preservers, Melon Frames, &^c., post-free. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. Ornamental Trees and Slirubs, Fruit Trees, Roses, &o. '■PHK LAWSON SEED and NURSERY J- COMPANY (Limited), Edinburgh, respectfully recjuest I he attention of intending planters to their most extensive and ^uperlor stock of the above. CATALOGUES on application. To the Trade, &c. ASPARAGUS, GIANT. — Splendid Roofe for Planting, in immense quantity. EWING AND CO., Norwich. GLASTONBURY or HOLY THORN.— Strong plants of above, 3 to 4 feet high, zs. 6d. each. Always blossoms at Christmas. J. GEO. HILL, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. Q U R PLUS ~STOCK.— 5o,ooo^MANETTI y^ STOCKS. Gloire de Dijon, Cheshunt Hybrid, and Celine Forestier ROSES. Prices on application to EWING AND CO.. Eaton, near Norwich. ENrrSH i?RUIT TREES~~o£^every de'criotion, at extraordinary low prices. Send for Special LIST to T. EVES, Gravesend Nurseries. Established iSio. Carnations and Plcotees. CHARLES TURNER is now prepared to supply the above in fine Plants and in great variety. This is the best time for planting to ensure a good bloom of these popular flowers, CATALOGUES on application. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. Hazel— Scotcli Fir. J GEO. HILL has a quantity of Strong • HAZEL, 3 to 3% feet ; also Scotch FIR, 2 to 2j^ feet, to offer on very liberal terms for cash. J. GEO. HILL (late Scott), The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. Roses, Fruit Trees, &c WILLIAM FLETCHER'S CATALOGUE for the present season is now ready, and may be had on application. The stock is very large and most healthy. The Olterfihaw Nursery, Chertsey. a^ODEAS.— Healthy young plants of T. J- superba and T. hymenophylloides (peltucida), free and safe by post. 2S. 6d. each for prepayment. Trade price (low) per 100. or lesser quantities, on application. ROBERT SIM, Sidcup Hill Nursery, Foot's Cray, Kent. ARDY HEATHS.— 60,000 good plants, in great variety — fine for Edging. Bedding, Covering Banks or raised mounds. The prices, which are very low, wiU be found in the CATALOGUE, free per post. JAMES SIMITH, Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to give • special quotations for their fine selected stocks of home-grown MANGEL WURZEL, and SWEDE and other lUKNIP SEEDS of 1878 growth, and raised from transplanted Bulbs. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. "JVflLES^ NEW HYBRID SPIRAL -Lrl, MIGNONETTE.— This being the best time to sow I beg to offer from the original stock, at is. per packet, or 12s. per dozen. The usual allowance to the trade. WILLIAM MILES, West Brighton Nurseries, Cliftonville, Sussex. NGLISH YEWS.— Extra transplanted and well furnished, 3 to 4 feet, gs. per dozen, 60s. per 100; 4 to 5 feet, i2S. per dozen, gof. per 100. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. WE BB^ CHOICE P OLYANTHUS AND OTHER SPRING PLANTS. Early orders are solicited for the above choice plants. Apply to THE MANAGER, Calcot Gardens, Reading. WEBB'S PRIZE COB FILBERT'S AND OTHER NUTS. Persons desirous of obtaining Trees of the above, grown by the late R. Webb, of Calcot, should give early orders to THE MANAGER. Calcot Gardens, Reading. CATALOGUES post-tree on application. HE CHAMPION POTATO.— Fine samples, for Seed, of this and other leading kinds. Prices on application to The LAWSON SEED and NURSERY COMPANY (Limited), i, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh. ASPARAGUS, ASPARAGUS, Giant. — Strong roots, 2-yr. old, is. 6d. per 100, los. per 1000. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton. (CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES. ^-^ — A grand stock of the above, very fine plants, consisting of the choicest varieties in cultivation. For descriptions and prices see New CATALOGUE of Florists* Flowers, free on application. THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, To